skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
By pure probability, if we're the first intelligent species here on earth (that is able to build radio communicators) out of what, ~4 billion species that ever existed, what are the odds of us being the first in the entire universe?

My logic is that intelligence (as defined above) is clearly rare here on earth where life is prolific, hence by no means a certain development of evolution. I wouldn't be surprised if we're the first in the universe where the conditions are certainly less hospitable for life.

This game of probability doesn't only depend on the sample size, but also on what you're looking for. For instance, you can say that if you find a purple grain of sand, and you know there are trillions of other grains, then you'll be sure to find other purple grains. But what if the purple grain has written on it "hello how are you" by sheer chance. You'd probably never find another grain of sand with that same writing.

And then you can say, "us being the first is egocentric". Well, but we're the first (on earth) when it comes to building radio stations, so we clearly won that lottery big time. Is it such a stretch to say we won the lottery in the universe as well?
Hopefully whatever technology Samsung is using to power Samsung Pay catches on. It sends a magnetic field where you normally swipe your card. That "tricks" the machine into thinking a card was physically swiped. The terminal doesn't need to support NFC and it works even if NFC is turned off (as is the case for CVS).
> If it's for pain, I would seriously consider just not treating it.

That's great in theory but not in practice. I would say to treat it with physical therapy if possible, rather than taking painkillers (as I posted elsewhere in this discussion, I avoid any drugs if possible, OTC or prescription) but sadly that's simply not the answer for everyone. There are some kinds of pain that no level of physical therapy can address, pain so debilitating it could make one suicidal.

I suffered that kind of pain when I was a teenager battling cancer, and I had no choice but to take the painkillers my doctor prescribed just to be able to function. I don't ever want to feel that kind of pain again, obviously, but I also don't ever want to take that kind of medicine again if I can help it. To this day I struggle with back pain left over from the bout with cancer (and I'm nearly 40), but I deal with it through exercise, posture, and willpower, rather than giving in to a cycle of addiction. I sympathize with people addicted to painkillers, and I wish there was an easy solution for everyone.
Being obtuse wasn't my intention. It's true that some people want something they can run themselves, no question. I was just explaining the value that we currently try to provide and the reasoning behind it.
Formula 1 cars are designed to run fast, so they need a lot of energy, but efficiency is about how much energy you extract from fuel, not about how much energy you need.
Should I use a disposable name and a disposable address when I buy physical goods from an online retailer?
Seriously, watch this ^. It's pretty much the canonical coverage of the topic.
It has never been politically close to Russia, even in the Soviet era, when it was a part of Yugoslavia. (Especially when it was Yugoslavia - Stalin tried to have Tito killed several times. They were both communist countries but that's the only thing common between them.)

Had they not been so warhungry in the 90s, they could be a part of EU and NATO now, like Croatia.
Crimea is not Russia either. Oh wait yes it is now. All bets are off in that part of the world right now. And prospective EU membership just makes things worse; it was Ukraine snuggling up to the EU that provoked Russia into intervening...
I think what will really help us to get at a better estimate is to answer the question whether there exists life in our solar system that evolved independently of that on Earth. If we should find traces of bacteria on Mars or another planet, that would immediately take the corresponding probability factor in the Drake equation to a number close to 1 (i.e. most solar systems with planets in the habitable zone produce simple organic life), which would then leave us only with the question of how likely it is that such bacterial life evolves into something more complex. That's an incredibly hard question to answer as well of course, but it's also something that we might be able to tackle within the next 50 years given a deeper understanding of how living cells work and how they came to be (and it seems we're making good progress there). So personally I'm quite confident that we will be able to get to a much better estimate of Drake's equation in the next 50 years.
The judge shut down the company, not Thiel. Or are you saying the court was Thiel's sock puppet? Then you have a much bigger problem.
Sorry, Georgia and Azerbaijan.
So they have influence, including direct military operations, but their influence is not strong enough to make something to single mine?

Let me remember that whole military operation in Ukraine is done by Russia to stop Shell from mining of natural gas in Eastern Ukraine.
That hardware was obsolete within about 3 years (couldn't update to the latest OSX or XCode

I call shenanigans - latest OSX and XCode running on a 2008 Macbook right here on my desk. I plan to get 10 years usage out of this machine - that's value for money right there.
If you want a principled presidential candidate on the left of the political spectrum, you could vote for Jill Stein (or hope that Clinton gets indicted by the FBI before the democratic convention so that Sanders can step in, but the chances of that are slim to none).

Jill Stein has similar policy positions to Bernie Sanders, if the Sanders supporters realise this en masse she may have decent chance.
Serbia doesn't even border Russia. You could say the same about Germany, Czech Republic, or Portugal.
That's by design.
Please read the "Are you planning to add support for Safari on Mac OS X?" bit on
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/internet/entries/8be5501d-43e7-4b...
It would be far less confusing if you only reported the depth to the hundredths place, as it them both disambiguates the period/comma (in the case where it's reversed by locale), and makes it immediately recognizable.
I hope these guys get lots of orders and prices fall (Raptor's Talos Secure Workstation): https://www.raptorengineering.com/TALOS/prerelease.php

With Google having ported all their software to Power8, I'm looking forward to more economies of scale kicking on.
>unless the probability for evolving a civilization on a habitable-zone planet is less than one in 10 billion trillion, then we are not the first.... the degree of pessimism required to doubt the existence... of an advanced extraterrestrial civilization borders on the irrational.

After working with probability theory and combinatorics a bit, you realize probabilities much smaller than this occur naturally all the time. It might be hard for people not familiar with that to appreciate this, and be wowed by such a small number.

The thing is that independent probabilities multiply together, and so approach 0 exponentially fast. The probability of winning the lottery is of course very small. But there are so many people, that someone wins a lottery every day.

But the probability of winning the lottery twice is really small. The set of people that have won twice is a very small set indeed. And the probability of winning 3 times is so small that we should expect it to be a sure sign of corruption of the lottery, or intervention by supernatural forces. It's also about 1 in 10 billion trillion.

It seems to me that the evolution of intelligent life from nothing, also requires many things to go right. We don't know what all these things are, and we can only guess what their probability is. But if even a few of them have relatively small probabilities, then the probability of all of them happening could easily be much lower than "1 in 10 billion trillion".

There are many candidates for this so called "great filter". Some ideas I think are plausible are the evolution of multicellular life. The Earth was around a very, very long time before multicellular life formed. And it's believed to have required some weird coincidences like a parasite evolving into mitochondria.

Another candidate is the evolution of intelligence itself. Most animals aren't intelligent. Intelligence doesn't actually seem to be very correlated with fitness beyond a certain point - and reducing brain size is actually beneficial. Animals with brains were around for a very, very long time before anything like humans appeared. Some scientists believe that humans required a really weird set of conditions to evolve. There are theories that we are a case of accidental runaway sexual selection, like the peacock's feathers.

And there are many other factors we can't possibly know, that might be unique to Earth and rare on other worlds. We also don't know a huge amount about the evolution of early life. Getting from RNA self replicators to the complicated machinery of the most recent ancestor was no small feat.
SS7 vulnerability allows company to track everyone
Deray’s Twitter Hack Reminds Us Even Two-Factor Isn’t Enough
Just because we list slippery slope as a fallacy, does not mean it never happens like that.

Basically Intel owns the desktop and server market. They sneak stuff in that we may not want. What can we do at this point?
Shortfilm of RNN screenplay – Jetsons
Worthwhile to point out that edX is a non-profit [1] unlike
Coursera [2] and Udacity [3].

[1] https://www.edx.org/about-us

[2] https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/coursera

[3] https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/udacity
Sounds like a good reason to not use Visual Studio
The author of this blog post has taken to a soap box to shout out, "The Golden Age of MOOCs is over" and that he hates Coursera.

Wow. Really? Do I want to even read what this is about? Fine.

"Of late we have seen MOOC providers caring less about the students and more about the $$$".

Oh boy, here comes the assault on reason.

"they should stop the game of telling people that they care for students and are here to “provides universal access to the world’s best education”."

Yeah, that's enough for me. Tarun Vangani needs a reality check.

Coursera has brought much good to the world. It has to provide good to the world in an economically sustainable way.

It would be great if the Macarthur Foundation gave its $100 Million grant to Coursera so that it could continue to focus on its mission. Hopefully, Coursera qualifies and applies for it.
Which part of Fallon's research is unsound, 1) the neurological correlation, 2) his characterization of it, or 3) the characterization of himself?

Regarding, e.g., the Hare criteria not being science, it's not true that such criteria are not testable. You're conflating accuracy (or trueness) with precision. The diagnostic criteria clearly lack precision, but they don't necessarily lack accuracy. Macroeconomics lacks precision but various theories are incredibly accurate. That said, actually rigorous testing is lacking. It's lacking partly for the reasons I specified, but lacking nonetheless. And that's fair. But experimental results are not the sine quo non of how we understand the world; it's not black & white like that. There are other modes of understanding the world, and other substantive indicia of the correctness of theories. The Scientific Method is one of the best modes and its results some of the best forms of evidence, but it's hardly exclusive.

In any event, look at the similar condition of narcissism. Like sociopathy that word gets thrown around so much it's almost meaningless in a lay context, and there are wide margins where the classification is dubious even in a medical context. When people (including experts) claim Nixon, Clinton, or Alex Baldwin are narcissists, you sort of roll your eyes because such aversions tend to expose the term for being so loose and imprecise to the point of being useless. You can't even agree or disagree.

But is there any doubt in your mind that Donald Trump is a testament to some physiological phenomenon that fits squarely within the box we label narcissist? What that classification implies regarding his fitness as president is another matter altogether, but I don't think there exists many practitioners even loosely related to the study of the human brain that don't sense he's the archetype of some concrete and identifiable human condition.
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It was indeed the thousand separator which confused me, thanks
I actually start to think you should, without joking. At least the name.

If you look at the past 5 years, there is almost not a single major website that hasn't been hacked and hasn't leaked personal data. Not only do I see no sign of improvement, but it is rather accelerating. Leaking information on 30m+ people is now becoming common and barely makes the news outside of a few specialized websites like HN.

If you have a better alternative than feeding garbage data to websites who want to collect data they won't need (why would an online retailer give a shit that they are shipping a product to someone called Mr X rather than Mr Y?), I want to hear it.
Here's the UK version.

https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-visa

1) What's your nationality as shown on your passport?

2) What are you coming to the UK to do?

Tourism, including visiting friends or family
Work, academic visit or business
Study
Transit (on your way to somewhere else)
Join partner or family for a long stay
Get married or enter into a civil partnership
Visit your child at school
Get private medical treatment
For official diplomatic or government business (including transit through the UK)

Here it's pretty clear that she's coming for "work, academic visit, or business".

3) How long are you planning to work in the UK for?

Answering USA, Work, less than 6 months takes you to this page: https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-visa/y/usa/work/six_months_or_le...

That was ast updated on 9th June, so let's look at archive.org - they have 2 snapshots, one of which is from May 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150509170713/https://www.gov.u...

At the top, in bigger font and bolded font are the words "You may need to apply for a visa".

It links to the standard visitor visa: https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091959/https://www.gov.u...

That page says:

If you visit the UK on business
You can apply for a Standard Visitor visa if you want to visit the UK for business-related activities, eg:

you’re coming to the UK for a conference, meeting or training

and the permitted paid engagement visa: https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091959/https://www.gov.u...

No matter how it's described I can't imagine why people feel it's okay to travel to a different country to take part in a business meeting (even if that's unpaid) without either getting a visa or getting good quality legal advice.

My anger here is reserved for the conference organisers who didn't say "We don't know, let us ask a lawyer".
What about an electric F1 car?
It's frustrating. The site is now full of bullet lists about things like when you need to fill in which forms and what documentation you need to provide, and half the time it's not made clear whether you need to meet ALL of bullet points or just one of them.

Also the team redoing the website, GDS, seem to be closely affiliated with the firm Govknow, which keeps spamming every email address at my non-profit including non-personal/automated addresses and refusing to unsubscribe anyone, in contravention of the rules about email marketing on the government's own website.

(I'm not sure if there's an official link but certainly most or all of the speakers at most of the conferences I get spammed about are from the GDS.)
I read a good short story recently about a weird Great Filter:

http://www.begoodenough.com/the-great-filter/
Personally, I'd much rather see the money go to the Khan Academy.
It was, but not until over two years later as a Mac port of a Windows port of an Xbox title. That was done by MacSoft, Bungie (presumably) having been tasked with sequels on Xbox as soon as resources freed up from the original.

After the Bungie sale, Xbox was the primary platform they designed for. Before that it had been planned as a Mac/PC title.
Formula E? - http://fiaformulae.com/
"One in 10 billion trillion" sounds like a very large number, and it's put in italics for emphasis,"

And the author even asserts it's "irrational" to think real-world probabilities are this small!

It's easy to construct "unreasonably" small probabilities: take a few small ones and multiply them. If you path-sum all the evolutionary state transitions summing to P(intelligent life|planet), is it a shallow graph with many alternatives (additive probabilities), or a deep graph dominated by long, conjunctive sequences (probabilities multiply)?
I may represent a minority, but I only use the app store to search for and install an app that I already know that I want, either because a friend showed me or because I found it on the web. To me, discovery via the app store is completely uninteresting and if I was developing an app, I would not care about it.
Ok, someone has an axe to grind and there is a blogger with an vendetta. But at the end there was this surprising update:

Of greater concern: 37 of 40 suspension complaints
to NHTSA were fraudulent, i.e. false location
or vehicle identification numbers were used
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) June 10, 2016

If true this goes beyond telling blown up stories and may cross the threshold over to criminal behavior.
> . The events that took place on earth could still be one in a billion, or they could be one in an incomprehensibly high number.

I disagree with this.

It seems that, from what happened to other planets on the solar system, that nothing happened on Earth too much out of the ordinary. Mars had a similar story (except for the whole Moon coming out of a giant collision), and had water. But maybe it was too small to keep warm for enough time

Earth had 5 mass-extinctions, that "reset the game" before we got to humans. Doesn't seem too far fetched to me

I really don't buy that Earth is one in a billion unless Mars is one in a billion as well. Maybe one in 1000? One in 100000?

And that's limiting intelligent life to what we know. Yes, maybe the ideal speed of chemical reactions (for intelligent life) happen around 273K, or maybe there's another way
Not shenanigans, happened to as well: couldn't upgrade OS X, so couldn't upgrade to latest xcode, and Apple required using the latest xcode... so I had to buy a new mac.
That was a long time ago though, now Apple seems to support HW for much longer.
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Both platforms share the same core OS (Darwin) and Kernel (XNU), so when I say the simulator is basically an x86 iOS I think that's fair.
I have MacMini Late 2009 and it can hardly run the OS itself, let alone something else :) It's practically unusable. It doesn't have much memory though, only 2 GB.
Eastern Moldova is counter-example.
Intel should supply a ME bricking firmware !
On the Existence of God and Evil
Thank you! It's likely to be the next item on the backlog: https://trello.com/b/V1KuKHeE/halik-roadmap :D
Could be a polycarbonate model. Models of those up to 2008 stopped receiving upgrades after OS X Lion (2011):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacBook#Model_specifications
> Thiel intervened not to win Bollea more money (indeed, he may end up getting less), but to pay Bollea off so that the case would be about hurting Gawker more than benefiting Bollea, which is what Thiel wanted.

Do you have any evidence of this at all?
There are many reasons alien races would interact with primitives.

Morality - they might be utilitarian and desire to relieve the suffering of other sentient beings. Or force their weird alien morals onto them.

Competition - we might not be a threat now, but given a sufficiently long time, we could evolve into one. If they really don't care about us, it would cost them very little to exterminate us early.
4G in mine. The memory compression feature in 10.9 was a godsend for older hardware, proof that Apple is serious about longevity of older kit.
I'm surprised when people are working (ie presenting at a conference) they think a non-working visa is OK.

We all play the game, but to not know the game is surprising. Hack the system, sure. But know you are hacking at least.

(I'm assuming OPs presentation was work related)
The article raises a few interesting points I didn't know:

- In SoCal there are several areas which have geothermal activity and correspondingly several electric plants based on that

- This geothermal activity raises both hot water and a fair concentration of a brine solution containing many metals

- The lithium isn't mined, they were getting it by processing this brine solution

Based on that, and reading many comments that modern batteries also needs lots of Co, Mn, etc... I wonder if the brine water coming up from this area is basically 'battery soup'? Seems like a lot of potential value that is already being pumped out of the ground by someone else - who considers it a waste product!
In my experience Apple laptops tend to hold their value pretty well so I'm guessing a $500 machine was 4-5 years old when purchased. So the fact OP could use it for 3 more seems about right. Personally I upgrade around every 4 years and the laptop is still in great condition for most people and sells for well over half what I paid for it.
1.No.
2. If you want to understand what sociopats are search for the very long article called, The Gervais Principle according to The Office, its also the comedy movie series, and watch it. Its a pitty it only tells the story of sociopaths within corporations. But there are a lot of sociopaths in Public Sector that we cant escape, Public Administration, Public Education, etc..
look sociopath here:

http://m.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2016/06/06/mizzou-empl...
His businesses are overseas now.
"Enough time" can easily be longer than the age of the universe. A million monkeys typing on keyboards will eventually write shakespeare. But it will be longer than the universe before they even type a single sentence of it correctly.
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>To illustrate how this sort of intermeddling tainted the processes in this case

Do you have any evidence that the 'scorched-earth' came from Thiel and not Hogan? If not, you'd best withdraw your 'illustration'.
Good to notice that the new EU data protection regulation already has influence on the discourse even though it shall apply from May 25, 2018. And more importantly, even though Letsencrypt is a US based organization it applies directly or indirectly.

For those interested, I can highly recommend the documentary Democracy: Im Rausch der Daten (2015) [0]. For 9 month the documentary follows MEP rapporteur Jan Philipp Albrecht and his policy advisor Ralf Bendrath [1] (hacked a C64 in his youth, frequent attendee at C3) and gave a rare inside in the negotiation & process in Brussels. They even recorded the final negotiations in the backrooms and for those knowledgeable on the topic it is very interesting to see how some of the deals where made. After the screening at IDFA the director said he wasn't onset to make a documentary on the EU data protection reform and that Jan Phillip's rapporteur topic was chosen as an example EU process. Regretfully this documentary isn't exemplary for the EU process because most of the time the lobbyists of the large corporations have a far larger influence. The documentary clearly shows that the final text has been the result of the persistence & integrity of the the 3 main characters Albrecht, Bendrath and Redding. And as we're experience now, this has great influence on data protection for more than only Europe.

[0] http://www.democracy-film.de http://www.imdb.com/title/tt5053042/

[1] http://www.bfna.org/person/ralpf-bendrath