skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The question is a weird way of asking "do you know the definition of expected value?" Expected value is calculated by taking each possible outcome, multiplying that outcome's value by its probability of occurring, and summing the results. So to calculate for a six-sided die, where each outcome has probability 1/6, you simply multiple each possible outcome by 1/6 and sum those results:

(1 * 1/6) + (2 * 1/6) + (3 * 1/6) + (4 * 1/6) + (5 * 1/6) + (6 * 1/6) = 3.5

Of course no actual roll of the die will ever come up 3.5, but as you roll the die more and more times, the average of all results seen so far will begin converging on 3.5 (and given infinite rolls, that's where it would end up).
StrollUp AI Chat Bot on Producthunt
I'm really happy to find out that a business model based on a sense of goodness and fairness is working out well for you at LeanPub. I feel cynicism and pessimism about people should not stop us from trying out different models.
How big do you estimate your fine would have been if you were operating in the EU?
All in stock of a not-yet-profitable company who's stock price has been highly volatile in the past.

I don't mean to disparage Tesla, but rather to emphasize that there's a difference between receiving $325 million in cash, $325 million in blue-chip stock, and these $325 million.
The difference is probably the level of expectations. In "any regular job" you don't get fired for having your ratings fall below 4.3 / 5 because a customer of yours had a bad day or fat-fingered 1 in a hurry.

The jobs with high turnover rates are usually known as "shitty jobs".
> Flow Batteries[1]!

From the wikipedia article, it appears that typical flow batteries only reach 10% to 20% of lithium polymer's power density.

That means that it would take a flow battery that weights 5 to 10 times as the standard lithium polymer batteries that equip a Tesla/Nissan Leaf/whatever electric car you imagine to deliver the same power.
I assume (hope?) he misread Siberia.
My rule of thumb for budgeting is that a car is going to cost me about £1000 a year to keep and maintain. This includes road tax, insurance, tyres, brakes and servicing etc.

This will average out over time.
Ask HN: Psychopaths/Sociopaths
Last time I tried to discuss this topic on HN, my post was flagged. However, I think HN is a great place to discuss it, because I'd wager a significant percentage of commenters here fall into the "sociopath" category, myself included.

So my question is,

1) Are you a sociopath?

2) What do you think of society's labeling and marginalization of so-called sociopaths?

Sometimes I think sociopathic individuals will be the next minority to fight for their rights. It's scary how much anti-sociopath rhetoric is prevalent in media today. Nobody is offended if you say sociopaths should be rounded up and killed. According to society, as long as you can sufficiently label someone a sociopath, it becomes within your rights to deny them freedoms and torture or kill them.
I don't think this is going to produce anything worthwhile (much like online comment sections never produce much that's worthwhile), but I wanted to respond to a couple of your thoughts:

> Only one vote per ip + browser + os

You could do that with cookies, but it would be absolutely trivial to circumvent. Someone could submit votes as fast as your server could process them.

> Request some piece of identification (a DL number + State; or a phone number + DOB + Place of Birth?

This will weed out people who are cautious about their privacy, and it also creates a huge ethical responsibility for you. When you're storing sensitive info (like political views) along with PII, you better do a damn good job of securing it. Even though I've been in this industry for 20 years, I still don't do this kind of thing myself -- I hire a security expert to audit my work. Are you willing to do that?

Your only real hope of a one-vote-per-person system is Facebook login. There's nothing else on the web currently that works as well, since you can't legally verify things like DL numbers.
_Generic absolutely can handle uint8_t. In fact, the reason _Generic is problematic is precisely because on most implementations uint8_t is a typedef to unsigned char. But in a _Generic list you can't specify multiple compatible types. If you're unsure if uint8_t is compatible with unsigned char, you have to chain multiple _Generic expressions, nesting one inside the default: case like: `_Generic(x, uint8_t: foo_u8, default: _Generic(x, unsigned char: foo_uc, default: baz))`.

So if I specify both unsigned char and uint8_t as cases the same _Generic expression, with GCC 6.1 I get:

foo.c:6:2: error: ‘_Generic’ specifies two compatible types
uint8_t: "uint8_t", \
^
...
foo.c:5:2: note: compatible type is here
unsigned char: "unsigned char", \
^

and with Apple clang-7001.81 I get

foo.c:12:22: error: type 'uint8_t' (aka 'unsigned char') in generic association
compatible with previously specified type 'unsigned char'

Another issue with _Generic: you have to be careful with type promotion, especially because everything smaller than int is quickly promoted to int in most kinds of expressions.

Another issue is type qualifiers: (int) is different from (const int) is different from (volatile int) is different from (const volatile int). _Atomic and restrict increase the permutations.

I have a fuzzy memory that early clang had a wrong implementation of _Generic that didn't obey the standard. But as far as I know, today both clang and GCC have identical behavior. Whether Microsoft implements it compatibly if they add it is another question. For example, Microsoft has an idiosyncratic interpretation of macro tokenization and evaluation that makes implementing certain C99 variable argument macro constructions difficult.
Geht a geography class.
There was a comment on this on BBC breakfast yesterday, with an MS specialist saying that it was promising, but not up to the hype that people were making over it? He said it was an Avenue to explore further, and looked to be a good technique, but there was a long way to go - he quoted the stats from the study, and certainly seemed to be familiar with it and the methodology used. Can't find a link to it (it was an interview rather than a feature), alas.
Definitely seems like there was some creative liberty in the submission title.

I suppose a "refusal" could be inferred by the lack of their acceptance on the initial buyout offer and their (apparent) rebuttal of a $2.5bil valuation.

For instance, if I offered you a million dollars cash for your house and you came back to me with an appraisal saying it was valued at $20mil... I think it would be clear (or at least strongly insinuated) that you refused my offer of a million dollars.

Thinking that's kinda what happened here? Seems like Elon didn't take to their method of countering and called the whole thing off.

Just my $0.02 and I'm not privy to all the inside-details. Could've gone down entirely different than any of us know.

Plus, it seems like there's a LOT of infighting among the co-founders and previous team. Will be curious to see if more information emerges.
Also the fact that if you read the study, it IS hype. (fromory, because I'm mobile) One study, of 24 people. The treatment is only for 5% of MS sufferers, and it's 70% effective at stopping the progress of the disease. Only 3 of the patients in the study had a reversal like the case they describe, so 12%. And the treatment is incredibly rough on the body. One person in this study died from treatment, but almost everyone else suffered at the high end of the scale.

The not hype version would be "Potential treatment for 3% of MS patients in extreme risk cases! It even reverses the disease for a lucky handful."

It is a bug advance, but... Well this is Vox, after all.
Automation will work if and only if car operator can make themselves non liable for any accident resulting from bugs.

Accident are stuffs that cannot be predicted. A bug is something that can be avoided.

As far as I am concerned, 99% of the software industry is not able to write critical software that is able to handle with a correct costs the case of failures and/or "abnormal" behaviors.

Software will fail. It will eventually fail dramatically. And with software it can fail in a reproducible way. Nowadays all experiments are made far from worst case (congestion, interferences, extreme conditions....)

Who is gonna pay for the predictable accidents? And will self driving cars will be better at avoiding accidents than humman given a same operating cost on the long term?

My guess, is : hell no.
The nearly unbelievable level of rigor achieved by particle physics gives a harmful level of credence to numerous other fields, especially nutrition & medicine. Studies done across 8 people are given the same authorial credibility as studies done across 8 million protons, by lumping them all together as "science".
Compiz is the perfect example of this, the defaults are broken, there are thousands of options with no constraints, if you change one option to fix the broken default you will be guaranteed to break some other feature.
> My first thought was that it seems increasingly clear that Stallman has been right all along.
The problem is that being philosophically right doesn't always mean being practically right. In order to create the perfect Stallman-esque machine, one would have to design everything from the logic chips up from scratch, because in the end, no third party can be trusted. He says this himself about the Loongson system he uses daily; he considers it a compromise but one heavily weighted in his favor.
In short, Stallman has been right all along, but there's little we can do about it from a practical standpoint.

Cherry-picked from that thread. I just have to point out this awful slippery-slope argument.
> 1) Are you a sociopath?

No.

2) What do you think of society's labeling and marginalization of so-called sociopaths?

Who cares? This is a non-issue for the following reason: even experts can't positively identify a sociopath, and even the definition/diagnosis isn't widely agreed-upon. A smart sociopath would exhibit mostly pro-social behaviors, even though he has anti-social motivations.

People can't be persecuted as a group if they can't be identified in that group. People can rage about sociopaths all they want, but they can't identify them in order to do anything to them.

> Nobody is offended if you say sociopaths should be rounded up and killed. According to society, as long as you can sufficiently label someone a sociopath, it becomes within your rights to deny them freedoms and torture or kill them.

I don't know what country you live in, but this is not true in the US. If you can show me some examples that aren't random nutjobs on the internet, I'd be very interested to see them.

(You may, of course, be referring to sociopaths who are accused of murder or some other anti-social act, which is not the same as persecuting them just for their personality.)
Consider the cost ch of hunting an animal vs the cost of breeding it cb.

If ch >> cb then it will be hunted to extinction. If cb >> ch, then it will be breeded. If ch ~ cb then people will pick the option best for the community.
Depends what you mean by "laptop". According to [1], the fastest processor that shipped with an X200 is the Intel T9600. Checking Geekbench, today's top-of-the-line 64-bit ARM phablets seem to have significantly higher CPU performance (both single and multi-core), and an equal amount of RAM. AFAIK, those devices don't have anything like Intel ME; they do typically have a hypervisor running above the Linux kernel, but it should be possible to replace it if the bootloader is unlocked. I think.

If someone comes out with an ARM64 Chromebook in the near future, that might be a good device to target for fully-free system efforts.

[1] https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/documents/migr-73156
I think there's some miscommunication over the meaning of our words due to the limitations of communicating by text. Maybe we can condense the topic.

I suggest distilling it into 4 general areas. Things about which we agree, don't agree, things that bug us, and things we don't know

I believe we agree that,

(1) People make decisions based on how they feel about something

(2) People are influenced by emotion, propaganda, and facts

(3) You care about Austin, its riders, U/L, and fingerprinting

We don't agree on,

(1) Whether facts are facts. You feel this way, I don't. I feel facts aren't meaningful on their own because they're always viewed through a lens, that is, by a person.

(2) Whether I care that U/L is in Austin or not. You feel I do, I feel I don't. I'm interested in this discussion as a means of getting to know how people work, particularly, myself.

Things which perhaps bother us both to a tiny degree are,

(1) Putting words in each other's mouths

I don't know,

(1) Why you care about U/L vs. Austin. I've been making the wrong assumptions. Can you describe your interest? Do you care about both the principle of fingerprinting and the money equally? Why? I want to stop putting words in your mouth. I'm sorry if these sound like dumb questions.

Is the above fair to say? How would you define where we agree and disagree? The discussion doesn't need to end, I'm just trying to think of a way to tone it down. I did not set out to dehumanize you. I am sorry for doing that. Obviously you are thoughtful.
AFAIR it used to work well that way. I.e. I don't recall the first bundles to have "pay more than average" and "pay more than X"; as far as I can tell, it was clean "pay what you want". I don't know why they decided to include those tiers.

Also, funny thing, looking at payment logs you can clearly tell the average is often purposefully inflated by some people (I guess the dev studios).
For sharing a few email addresses? $0 I'd imagine. It's not like its anything important like credentials for shopping/banking or other details which could be used in identify theft. Worst case scenario; google's spam filters have to work a little harder. You'd not even notice. Yes, some people have chosen to run their own mail servers for some reason and those people might conceivably get a bit more spam for a while.
The cumulative price of Li may be small, but since once used its recycling cost is higher than its extraction cost, then as a result, the price can only grow up (except when like with oil there is strong manipulation of the market by the banks).

The beauty of a world which resources are finite is that cheap resources always finish to disappear.
Well, they brought it on themselves. If the only way to download courses they allow in ToS is to DDoS them with download requests, so be it.
Good points, thanks for the reminder. Then it seems the only good use for this correlation is when consider to let go that person. Would it be ok?
>studies have shown that overwhelmingly those already privileged take online courses

Why does the percentage matter? If 100 million people take MOOCs, and only 1% of them are poor and actually need them, then they still helped a million people! That's nothing to sneer at.

Second, what is your source, because I'm skeptical of that. And just because someone is "privileged" doesn't necessarily mean the courses have no value to them. They may have an education, but probably not in the thing they are studying on MOOCs. A bunch of people have learned about machine learning through MOOCs, for example.
Content of the article is pretty information, but worst clickbait title of the year. At the risk of alienating some fraction of HN community (no pun intended), I'm going to say this is what you get when trying to chase the likes of Gawker (again, no pun intended).
Thank you for your diligence.
Title is mild clickbait. There's no evidence for the claim, just a persuasive argument that it's probably true.

Interesting nonetheless.
Don't know where in Quebec you lived but my experience with taxis in Montreal was horrible (took a taxi every day for a few months) - old, poorly maintained cars with rude drivers who often drive like complete maniacs. Uber was on another level in terms of service before we even begin talking about the convenience of the app itself.

Trust Quebec to do everything they can to legislate innovation and improved quality out of existence in favour of preserving the status quo (and their tax dollars).
Before they open their mouth, no. But once what is said is said, all opinions are fair game for the slaughter.
If there was really a shortage of qualified programmers, companies would be working to improve their interview practices.

From this thread, and my own experience, things are going the opposite way. Companies appear to be able to afford to use more and more arbitrary filters. Which indicates an excess supply of great candidates!
Probably. Assuming they're correct. Our planet is 12,742km in diameter, yet we've only drilled 12.262km deep [1] (and we were wrong about how hot it was gonna be), and sent a human down ~10.900km [2] (and we still can't decide how deep we've actually been). Do we really think we understand the probability of alien life on another planet that well, given the amount of data we have on those planets, and that we're constantly proven wrong on our own?

And yet (either way) I'm not sure it really matters. No human has left our own planet for longer than 437.7 days [3]. Say they're right, though. If an alien race exists, we're still a ways from being able to do anything about it. Unless we can make it there in 1.198 years. If that alien race can make it here, awesome. Let's talk then. If they can make it here and are hostile, then it's been swell. See you on the other side. Probably.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_Superdeep_Borehole

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spaceflight_records
> Only 3 patients in the study had a reversal

It was actually 8 of the 24 that saw recovery so that's 33%.
Hold on, I never said completely abolish copyright for nonfiction. I suggested reducing it to 10 or 15 years. Most pop sci will have no economic value after 10 years, so it shouldn't change anything.

It's utterly ridiculous that an out of print 1950's textbook by a dead author, is still protected by copyright. How is society benefiting from this arrangement at all?
I would note that, if you want to Mackintosh specifically for the sake of compiling OSX/iOS executables, it's far easier to set up a computer to run a bare-metal hypervisor that knows how to run OSX virtual machines (e.g. VMWare ESXi), than it is to directly set up the same computer to run OSX directly. (Source: did both over the last month.)
Macro-Economics Struggles to Cope with Reality
This answer would have been good 40 years ago..
PAVP (Protected Audio-Video Path, which has gone by other names), as described in the FAQ entry, is a real thing, albeit without any public documentation whatsoever other than acknowledging that it exists - implemented in ME and used by some commercial video DRM implementations. Not sure what kind of citation you want, but it's briefly mentioned in this presentation about reverse engineering ME:

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/codeblue_jp/igor-skochinsk...
When instagram is made there was no library of making actual logic. You should not rely on libraries if you want to make instagram you should rely on people who can make that kind of libraries
Forgive the rambling but it's getting late and I'm sleepy:

I'm just saying that people are complaining too much about having to buy a Mac to write code for iOS. If not must, then you should buy a Windows machine to develop for Windows but you don't hear anyone complain about that. You have to buy an Oculus Rift to develop Oculus Rift software. You have to buy an Android device to test your Android program. etc... You don't have to buy a Linux machine to write code for Android but if you don't have a computer at all then you have to buy one. There's stuff you have to pay for to get into programming...To build software that will make you money. Windows/Linux developers are complaining that Apple didn't release free tools for their platform and overreacting.
More than 7000 of those cells go into a Tesla battery pack. That adds up to several kilograms of Li per vehicle!
KISS ME Heroine MakeISEHAN Japan-Mascara Remover
Of course. I'd prefer that journals switch to open access, and that governments demand publicly funded research to be released in the public domain. My proposals are independent of that policy.
I have a very low sample size, but I bought a Nissan Hardbody (what later became a Frontier ) in 1993, and I only had to put a transmission in it besides the ordinary wear cycle parts. It's still running like a top, 23 years later. I donated it to my Dad, who assigned to a nephew ( his grandkid ) .

The transmission is on me. I drove it like I stole it for ten years before I needed one. It's an essentially underpowered truck but it goes like stink off the line. I was in the traffic hell that was Dallas.

I bought , of course, another Frontier. It has two or three disappointments ( no torque in top gear @ 55 MPH ( so push the overdrive disable, duh!) ; a bad tint job; mileage not correlated with ... activity ).

I expect it to outlast me. I think I'd have to go with a Cadillac type car to find something more comfortable on the freeway ( but it's not quiet by any stretch).

In that span, we probably went through three (really two) cars for my wife. She's settled on a '03 Ford Escape which seems to avoid the reaper so far. But it's needed expensive repairs. We love it anyway, even though it tried to kill me one time ( a piece of plastic in the inexplicably convoluted throttle arrangement broke, and the throttle body went wide open. No problem; I managed to use neutral and the key switch to get it safely grounded before calling a tow truck. But geez, Ford... four throttle cables ?)
$12million worth Microsoft shares in 89 vs $14million in cash. Some of the investors might be kicking themselves for not taking the shares.
Email addresses are absolutely personal data, and in the EU companies need to protect that data from being leaked.

(There would probably not be a fine; the company would be investigated and warned by the various regulators).
The irony here is that Gawker's relevant clickbait is actually far superior:

http://io9.gizmodo.com/11-of-the-weirdest-solutions-to-the-f...
Продажа домов Кривой Рог – Риэлтор Моргун Вячеслав
It's funny that they call it "over-designed" when in fact over configuration is usually the result of the opposite: lack of design.
This reminds me of the time I went hiking in Austria. A lovely country, but it wasn't what I was expecting. All beaches and desert!
df sdaf
Serbia won't become an EU member anytime soon.

1) its economy is far too screwed up for the EU to include

2) there's still the Kosovo problem, that won't go away soon

3) Croatia and Slovenia will veto an EU membership of Serbia.

It is more than likely that Serbia will turn to Putin instead - and when Putin says "shut them down", Serbia will comply.
No. There is no need for statistics when you have the individual at your disposal and work with them day to day. Treat them as a human. There is no need to make vague statistical guesses, the data you gain by actually interacting with them is far superior, no? It would be like cutting John Stockton from your basketball team because he is short and white, there is no need to make statistical judgements like that when you can watch the actual player on the actual basketball court and assess them properly.
Did she ask if she could have legal counsel?
In case you're referring to the General Data Protection Regulation, it does not apply until May 2018. The penalty that would be applied would probably be this one, given that the number of prior offenses, the gravity and duration of the offense, the number of affected users and the damage caused, etc. need to be taken into account:

> Each supervisory authority shall have all of the following corrective powers:

> [...]

> (b) to issue reprimands to a controller or a processor where processing operations have infringed provisions of this Regulation;

(IANAL)