skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I haven't done anything ≥10k lines yet, but I do have a few projects between 1k and 5k lines that I've been working on and I've easily written 50k+ lines of OCaml in the past year. The development experience I've had is probably the best I've dealt with so far. There isn't a ton of infrastructure around the language, but everything that exists feels very high quality.There's no standard IDE really (although I did recently find OCamlEditor, which seems very nice and even runs on Windows!), but Merlin basically turns any compatible text editor into a full-fledged OCaml IDE (with features like quick-checking code, auto completion, linting, and automatic indentation/formatting). Honestly, debugging isn't something I've had to think of very often. The type system does a really good job of rejecting buggy programs, so whenever I write code it usually works as intended immediately (or I've made a small mistake that I'll notice pretty quickly).
Could someone explain why XORing the outputs of the two sources isn't optimal?
So they have a 4-week coding competition, and then at the end, the best students ... get to study programming for 3-5 years? Aren't those the students that don't need to spend 3-5 years studying programming and could just get a job now?
Moreover, in the zero sum market that the SF housing market has been turned into, the newcomers have to be richer that some of the existing residents almost by definition. How else would they be able to move to San Francisco?
I read Childhood's End over 20 years ago but from what I recall I felt it was just an awesome book. I do not recall it being particularly depressing.
I have always wondered why not introduce physical randomness into cryptography. Let's take scalability out of the question and look at the problem at the fundamental level. If we used a box of sand that shifted each time a random number was requested and a camera to scan and produce a number from this source would it not more random than any other method? I'm not a professional in this field I am just truly asking why not..
I could see a marketing manager realizing that 100 bucks of personal money could easily earn it back in annual reviews time.
That's intriguing... Some obvious questions are: if you had known, would you have spent more time or just been "more serious?" Would you have had better answers after more time? Did the other person do the same level of rough estimate, but with a different model?
Your "if" is pretty much untenable. Find me two identical sand particles.

Your argument basically boils down to "chaos theory is wrong, because I /can/ know everything".
My text editor (Assembler, then C), 1982.
Some F18 Hornet software (C, ground station support), also 1982.
Humphrey Utrasound Biometer (updates, Z-80 assembler), 1992.
Kodak Spark-based picture kiosk (Solaris 8 upgrade, Solaris patches for FAT, USB, PCMCIA), 1999.

But why?
What you describe is essentially a hardware-based source of randomness. These devices sample various kinds of random physical processes to produce random streams of data. None of them are perfect but some are really good.

For example, perhaps the black grains have a slightly different density, so they might tend to congregate more on the upper or lower side of the window, ever so slightly.
There was some service (maybe still around) that did this with cameras and lava lamps.

edit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavarand
It comes from a 7th century Christian Orthodox monk and theologian called Maximus the Confessor who has a good reputation among Christian Orthodox faithful. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor
Micron Outs 3D NAND Technical Details, 3D SSDs Landing in June
Ah, woops - didn't realise that Reason was such a thin syntactic layer over the semantics of OCaml. That approach makes sense then.
Austin underground ride sharing service
Hey sure, I'm always looking for fonts I've missed. I have to do some research now, but I'll add it in the evening.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11713000
Dependence is stricter than correlation: the population violates probabilistic independence. Correlation can help guide statisticians to finding a dependence between variables, because correlation measures how close or how far a sample is to independence. But this gives rise to the "Correlation does not imply causation" adage.

Example of independent but correlated variables: http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations
Note to future VR directors:

Don't do edits, and God don't change the default orientation of the camera! I know that goes against against 127 years of cinematic history, but moving the camera's default focus seriously confused my spatial awareness. I've turned so I can see them both, but oh no now I'm outside on the street, and now I'm back inside, but suddenly I'm rotated 60 degrees.

If this wasn't VR, it would t matter but in VR, it's putting the audience on teacup ride.
Spring Boot 1.4.0.M3 Available Now
One of the things the article said was that they survived the tsunami with their observation of the nature.. don't you think that this lost/gained knowledge can be an insight on how we understand nature now?
dupe: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11713423
See my post about why multiplying two sources of random numbers will actually reduce the entropy to less than even a single one of the sources: https://news.ycombinator.com/reply?id=11719840&goto=item%3Fi...

It is imperative to use a binary hash that leaves all possible input pairs equally probable for the output. That is what this paper is about.
Suppose both sources are 90% zeros. Their XOR will be mostly (82%) zeros too.
An easy example is two thermal sources in the same environment.
This is how careers in police are made these days.
All the screenshots are rendered with sublime text on Windows 7. There are the three basic options for no AA, default AA (ClearType) and gdipp.

What are you rendering on? What options in particular would you like to include? I know that different OSes have different font renders. And probably different programs, too. I'm always glad to make the site better, so I'm open for suggestions.
Sometimes Wikipedia does have a sense of humour:

> While modern inkjet and laser printers are nowhere near as flammable as their mainframe ancestors,[citation needed].
Does this imply that XORing /dev/urandom with /dev/random is a good practice?

PS: Thanks for clarifying @gizmo686. The arch linux wiki suggests that urandom re-uses the entropy pool that dev/random accumulates, so this is indeed a BAD idea.

I found this helpful as well:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomness_extractor

Overall, their construction quite reminds me of a double pendulum, which is one of the simplest examples of deterministic chaos.
Also random.org. I thought I remembered seeing one that used radioactive decay to generate random files for download but I can't find it now.
I wrote these PayPal IPN code samples (ducks!!) in 2000 which I suspect still exist substantially the same in 10s of thousands of installations.

https://github.com/paypal/ipn-code-samples

I'm still amazed at how lousy http client libraries are in so many environments.
The paper itself does not explicitly require there to be "no correlations". My guess is that that phrase was added by the journalist as emphasis.
Local elections matter, but the direction of the country is determined at the federal level. That's why there's so much media coverage of it.

That, and the Supremacy Clause. Whatever local laws you vote for are superseded by federal law. By definition, this means federal elections matter a lot more than local elections (even though local elections have a more immediate short-term impact on the populace).
Sure, eventually. At the same point in time that the monkeys produced "Hamlet" on a bunch of typewriters. The problem is the number of entry variables -- even if the starting position was X, the affects of gravity, friction, and general entropy would result in different states.
I also loved The Baroque Cycle, and Mongoliad (which also, now that I think of it, features that immortal mystic). It's hard to explain the connection with Anathem without too many spoilers. So I'll just note that Earth does explicitly exist in the Anathem universe.
Linear mathematics calculator doing pivot tables for solving systems if linear equations 1999. I have only vague rumors of it still being used in class but it's still available http://www.nku.edu/~mat111/offline.htm
Hotel hermit got $17M to make way for 15 Central Park West (2014)
No.

1) /dev/urandom and /dev/random are not independent

2) This paper describes an algorithm for combining random streams. That algorithm is not xor (which has been known for a long time).
Also spot on from Douglas Adams.

Anyone who is capable of getting themselves made President should on no account be allowed to do the job.
I think coding tests are mostly useful for young candidates and/or candidates without portfolios. What I am looking for in the assignments is naming and style consistency, clarity and good common sense. This is rarely found in school projects which is often the only code a candidate can show us.

Note that in France most of the companies expressly forbid employees to have side projects which can earn money, and are very wary of contributions to open source. This makes it stupidly hard to get useful code examples from anybody with only a few years of experience.
Identical article posted one minute earlier: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11719815
ha thanks :D used to decide on fonts based on 0Oo 1Il| only
What a bs. Russians/Ukrainians do not have second names.
My 6502 based FORTH systems would sometimes crash for no apparent reason after I tweaked some code and recompiled it. Whenever it got into crashy mode, it would crash in a completely different way, on a randomly different word. I'd put some debugging code in to diagnose the problem, and it would either disappear or move to another word! It was an infuriating Heizenbug!

It turns out that the 6502 has a bug [1] that when you do an indirect JMP ($xxFF) through a two byte address that straddles a page boundary, it would wrap around to the first byte of the same page instead of incrementing the high half of the address to get the first byte of the next page.

And of course the way that an indirect threaded FORTH system works is that each word has a "code field address" that the FORTH inner loop jumps through indirectly. So if a word's CFA just happened to straddle a page boundary, that word would crash!

6502 FORTH systems typically implemented the NEXT indirect threaded code inner interpreter efficiently by using self modifying code that patched an indirect JMP instruction on page zero whose operand was the W code field pointer. [2]

JMP indirect is a relatively rare instruction, and it's quite rare that it's triggered by normal static code (since you can usually catch the problem during testing), but self modifying code has a 1/256 chance of triggering it!

A later version of the 65C02 fixed that bug.
It could manifest in either compiled FORTH code, or the assembly kernel. The FIG FORTH compiler [3] worked around it at compile time by allocating an extra byte before defining a new word if its CFA would straddle a page boundary.
I defined an assembler macro for compiling words in the kernel that automatically padded in the special case, but the original 6502 FIG FORTH kernel had to be "checked and altered on any alteration" manually.

[1] http://everything2.com/title/6502+indirect+JMP+bug

[2] http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?t=1619

"I'm sure some of you noticed my code will break if the bytes of the word addressed by IP straddle a page boundary, but luckily that's a direct parallel to the NMOS 6502's buggy JMP-Indirect instruction. An effective solution can be found in Fig-Forth 6502, available in the "Monitors, Assemblers, and Interpreters" section here. (The issue is dealt with at compile time; there is no run-time cost. The word CREATE pre-pads the dictionary with an unused byte in the rare cases when the word about to be CREATEd would otherwise end up with a code-field straddling a page boundary.)"

[3] http://www.dwheeler.com/6502/FIG6502.ASM

; The following offset adjusts all code fields to avoid an
; address ending $XXFF. This must be checked and altered on
; any alteration , for the indirect jump at W-1 to operate !
;
.ORIGIN *+2

[...]

.WORD DP ;)
.WORD CAT ;| 6502 only. The code field
.WORD CLIT ;| must not straddle page
.BYTE $FD ;| boundaries
.WORD EQUAL ;|
.WORD ALLOT ;)
I wrote a data recovery POSIX compliant command line app in C in 2003 that runs under OS X, Windows, and linux. It's still selling well, and has been all these years. Over time it's generated millions in revenue as it's been used by several different competing apps, and I have only recompiled it about twice in the last 15 years, each time only making a (very) minor change. It went a good decade without a recompile and continued selling well and being widely used.

The reason I'm happy to say this publicly is because

a) it took years to write, full time. Data recovery is a hell of a lot more complex then I'd ever imagined.

b) data recovery is no longer possible on SSD's (if they have TRIM enabled, as they do in all major OS's) so it's a declining market. Anyone would be nuts to be trying to enter it at this point.
Boundaries for Bots: Safer Slack Integrations
The linked article has an etymology section, says qanat is arabic for channel.
Right, the amount of entropy per bit of sequence is always between 0 (deterministic) and 1 (every bit is independent and 50/50) (... or between 0 and log2(k) in general if the element varies over a set of k things). These "weak" sources just have low entropy per bit. They could be biased (more 0s than 1s) or correlated (long runs of 0s/1s or periodicity), or just have some other pattern that sometimes holds.

A deterministic PRNG's sequence has exactly the entropy of it's seed, actually, but it has 0 bits of entropy per symbol, because its sequence is infinite.

The thing most people get confused about with entropy is in thinking that entropy is a property of some single object, like a bit string. Really, entropy is always a measurement about a probability distribution, just like mean or variance is. In the usual case with random streams, the distribution is P(x_i | x_i-1 ... x_0) for bits x_i in the stream, i.e. the distribution remaining for the current bit even if we know all previous bits. For a deterministic PRNG, once we can extract the key from the history (given unlimited compute power) that distribution becomes deterministic, so the entropy is 0.
i am aslo kind of surprised by their resilience
its an expensive ide 245 for commercial license, and 145 for personal

you can download komodo edit, its free, and you will get the feel of what its about
I'll add it later today, thanks!
Oh cool! I still use your work regularly. It works well. My only complaint is that the enter key doesn't submit the import by URL box.
Are you asking about how many conversions you should expect, or whether this is a good way to validate an idea? Do you plan to ask for emails or an actual purchase?
I bought Komodo 9 fairly recently, soon enough that they gave me a free license to 10. My situation is a little unique though:

- 99% of my development is done through a remote connection, almost always SFTP, as opposed to local

- Most of it is PHP, with some Node and other general web dev

- I had previously been using Gedit and felt like trying an IDE as I do every so often

Komodo got a number of things right:

- It works on Linux with no problems that I've noticed

- It's not Java-based, so there's no massive memory usage or random slowdown due to garbage collection

- Excellent PHP and JavaScript support with parameter autocorrelation

- Good enough remote development support (many other IDEs are lacking here)

- Xdebug support (and supports other languages for step through debugging)

- Fairly cheap as IDEs go, at $147 for a personal license

Might be worth the trial if you're looking for something new.
In Arch Linux (and this is Arch Linux) all I ever had to do was install avahi (explained in the docs) and CUPS would find the printers automatically. On the other hand, I know of several cases where an OS X machine would cause unauthenticated printers on the same network (without any printing being done by the user) to start printing hundreds of pages of what looked like service discovery packets.
Isn't that the same though? If you people who listen to you privately can do less than people who listen to your public statements, I think it goes back to my original argument. The company empowers people who can stop bad news rather than those who can make you happy.
This Biology Book Blew Me Away
Awesome, at least I am not crazy. A lava lamp was not my first choice but somehow fitting :)
Bashing bash – undefined variables
Startup Founder Time Management
A guy just transcribed 30 years of for-rent ads
People that want seriously random numbers use radioactive decay because the underlying physical phenomena (described via quantum mechanics) is fundamentally random and cannot predict the time, energy, and direction of decay all at the same time (as far as my limited understanding is aware).
It seems silly to expect that the experts never get anything wrong. It even seems silly to expect that they don't get any of the big questions wrong. The real question is whether the ratio (or some other function) of wrong predictions to right predictions, suitably weighted by their strength and complexity, is decreasing.
Facebook blocked in Vietnam over the weekend due to citizen protests
> I can't mass download my music from it so...

Yes you can? Just fire up iTunes and download it all, then copy it out of the iTunes folder.
Bill is a known 959 enthusiast [1]. Considering that only 345 were ever made and only a handful of those were imported into the US, I'd say that car is very likely his.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_959#.22Gates_959.22
Fira Mono is in, which is basically thte same as Fira Code (plus ligatures).

I'll add the other two later today, thanks!
Occasionally, users of a piece of $10 shareware I haven't updated since 2005 email me demanding a refund because this software they bought 10+ years ago has stopped working on El Capitan. I refund their money because it's not even worth my time to argue with them.

http://www.chimpsoftware.com/irooster/
Which startup?
The ML family of languages have https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindley%E2%80%93Milner_type_... which provide many benefits
Competitive equity % for a well funded startup?
Are there any current resources outlining a competitive equity stake in a well-funded series C startup? This is for a principal-level software engineering position.

If there are no good resources, does anyone have any anecdotal thoughts on the subject?
I think Monaco isn't freely available, right? I remember this being requested all the time, but there was some reason not to. Feel free to correct me though.
As long as you don't leave, you are a part of it. If you aren't acting within your power to.mitigate the problems in it, you are not only part of the system, but a willing contributor to the problems.

If you aren't comfortable with the set of options, actively work to improve the set of options to one you are more comfortable with in the future. But, today, do the best with the options you have.
> how can a deterministic PRNG have less entropy (0) than that of its seed

If there's any way two seeds can eventually lead to identical internal states would be one example.
how do you make 125 dollars per day? I am interested to know
Yet more “research” primarily citing itself and science fiction charlatans like Yudkowsky, without any apparent awareness of (1) the actual state of artificial intelligence research or (2) any serious grounding in philosophy.

A paper like this could be interesting if there were some attempt to define an algorithmic/heuristic framework for morality, or a way of mapping philosophical frameworks to software, or something along those lines. Instead, it's just more MIRI-or-whatever-it's-called-this-week wankery.
One billion hours on, and HGST still rules the roost for hard disk reliability
If one believes programming is an "art" then it could make sense to behave like art schools: To get in you need to proof "talent" and only those with most "talent" get in. If one thinks of it as an engineering discipline .. then it makes far less sense. Take your pick.
On NASA's recommendation, I'm at loss here

> When specifying font height, or accessing graphs to determine the size of a lower-case character, the distinction between “x” height and overall size should be made.

> As a general recommendation, the “x” height of a font used for important flight-deck documentation should not be below 0.10 inch.

> The recommended height-to-width ratio of a font that is viewed in front of the observer is 5:3.

> The vertical spacing between lines should not be smaller than 25–33% of the overall size of the font.

> The horizontal spacing between characters should be 25% of the overall size and not less than one stroke width.
Reminds me of the Von Neumann method of using a biased coin to generate unbiased random coin flips: http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~qstout/abs/AnnProb84.html

(Edit: not the algo itself, just the notion of combining randomness.)
You (and everyone who replied you so far) misunderstood: if you read the article, you'll see that this is not the issue.

This is about the reality of trajectories built-into the pilot wave theory (such a concept which doesn't even exist in "text-book" interpretation of quantum mechanics, which says particles don't have positions or trajectories until you measure them, upon which they "decide" their position through an "artificial" process called wavefunction collapse; notably, as of now, wavefunction collapse and the reality of wavefunction is still a subject of debate).

There was a paper "Surrealistic Bohm Trajectories" which argued that trajectories predicted by pilot wave theory don't make any sense as real trajectories in general, hence these "trajectories" cannot correspond to real trajectories.
A careful analysis which properly takes the nonlocality into account shows the flaw in their argument (arXiv:quant-ph/0010020, omitted in the text linked), and this is the corresponding experiment which confirms their analysis (using weak measurements on a pair of entangled photons to sketch "average" trajectories in a WWM setup).

If you like, this is about the interpretation of a concept within an interpretation.

While I agree that the title is a little bit flashy, experimental confirmation for the reality of Bohmian trajectories is an important topic.
I don't think they're saying incorrect data couldn't prove harm, they are saying that it hasn't yet produced concrete harm, which is really another way of say strong evidence of harm.

Obviously I disagree, especially when living in an age where teenagers aren't afraid to try and get a swat team to kick down your door because they don't like your YouTube channel. Privacy is very important.
ctrl-w
Wouldn't that change the distribution but not the randomness?
Your comment made me curious, so I went looking and found a price sheet. I see two SKU's, one at $32K and one at $39K, I think probably this is just for the chassis. The storage modules list at $22K, $46K and $92K for the 1.2TB, 2.9TB and 5.7TB models, respectively.

I don't think too many people really end up paying list, but I have to imagine the markups are very healthy.

This thing looks rad af. I work exclusively with IAAS stuff now, but in a past life I used to spend a lot of time with enterprise hardware like this. I bet those modules feel real good when you snap em in.

http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/rep_ca/3/897/ENUS115-003/EN...
Money is very good at solving certain classes of problems. And it is easier to be happy if you don't have said problems.
Creator here. It just sounded nice and there is no deeper meaning. But your interpretation is great and might as well adopt it :D