skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Covariance and contravariance are wonderful ways to notice key OO design problems. Unfortunately it is very hard to learn to think that way.

Consider an OO language with classes and inheritance. Each class is a type. (There may be types that aren't classes, for example Java an interface also represents a type. The equivalent in a dynamic language with duck typing is "all objects that satisfy this contract".) An object belongs to the type of its class, and every class you inherit from. (For instance an integer is an integer, a number, and an object.)

So far, so good.

Covariance occurs when we can use objects of any subtype freely. For instance we can insert integers into a list of numbers.

Contravariance occurs when we can allow an object to be of some supertype freely. For instance it is safe to assume that numbers from our list of numbers are objects.

The problem is that we can almost never do both. For example in Java you can put integers into a list of numbers, but you can't read numbers out of a list of numbers and assume that they will be integers! (Not even if you only put integers in - the type system won't let you do it.)

So, which do we want? Well, sometimes one, and sometimes the other. For example the Liskov substitution principle says that an object of a subtype should be usable anywhere we can use an object of the original type. Which means that if we override a method in a subclass, we are OK if we change the method's signature to accept a supertype, but are breaking the rule if we change it to require a subtype of the original.

Unfortunately it sometimes makes sense to have a subtype override a method and require a subtype be passed in. The paper offers a graphics example involving colors.

When we have this, we have 3 options. 1) Disallow it because the type system can't easily guarantee that things won't break. (Static languages like Java mostly do this.) 2) Assume that the programmer isn't an idiot then throw run-time errors if the programmer was. (Most dynamic languages do that.) 3) Build a sophisticated type system that can figure things out and reason out problem cases in a clever way. (This is what the author would like language designers to do.)

Unfortunately for the author, there is a chicken and egg problem here. Few programmers understand the sophisticated type system required for the reasoning solution, or can understand the weird errors that the type system can give you to say why it won't let you do something stupid. So developers shy away from languages that provide such types. Therefore there is little demand for languages that provide it.

As a result language designers have little reason to do anything other than either simple type systems with easy to understand checks, or dynamic dispatch with run-time errors. Which is a frustration to people who have put effort into how to have clever type systems that provide both programming flexibility and automatically catch common classes of errors.
I want to point out you are trying to use logic to argue about the TSA
It saves some websites the trouble of having to look up IDs on bugmenot and manually ban them on a regular basis. BugMeNot originated back when the NY Times and similar sites were free but required you to register (so they could market to you) to access content. When folks use BugMeNot for online forums that don't permit anonymous posters, it's generally for trolling and abuse, so I used to have to check it regularly before BugMeNot added the option of a website requesting to be excluded. From the site:

"Sites should only appear blocked here if they match one or more of the following criteria:

* Pay-per-view: users pay money to access the site

* Community: users register only to add/change content (but not to view)

* Fraud risk: user accounts contain sensitive details e.g. banks, online stores, etc"

Basically, bugmenot allows websites to opt-out when the main purpose would be for fraud, theft, or abuse.
Debt, both technical and financial, is always best avoided. And in both cases, once you have it, you have to pay it down sooner or later, and the later you do the more expensive it gets.

It is a tool, but having it is always a negative that is offsetting a bigger negative. By all means, take the loan when you need a boost that you can't otherwise afford. But take the smallest loan you need, and pay it back as fast as you can.
While Lisp had big, influential ideas, it wasn't at any time the shortest path to getting their immediate task done, for "enough" programmers. The successful languages managed to be the shortest path to "done", for more use cases.

(Which makes me think about my project for managing the world's knowledge, http://onemodel.org and how to be more practical like fortran or cobol were in their prime, and not primarily idealistic like Lisp in its prime. Hmm.)
Also the reverse, where you believe the candidate you want will lose and there's nothing you can do about it.
Have you tried this? https://www.terminal.com/webterminal
Oh, well said!

Any strong language I used was directed at me as of a year ago who was wasting time on redirects no one would ever use, not the original authors.
I completely agree with this as I am in the same boat!

But what people in their 30s really mean is they are unable to relax because they have so many more obligations and problems on their mind.

But believe me -- this problem is remedied by hanging out with good, positive people you trust and removing yourself from a stressful environment.
There's no such bundling format under consideration, as far as I'm aware. System.register is a SystemJS API, not a spec one.
That's so funny. If you install Chrome, why would you want a (separate) Flash?

Especially considering Chrome is currently on track to kill Flash by a click-to-start policy for the majority users. Much irony.
That's a single course, not a degree.
Feature toggles can last decades.

For instance GCC has a feature flag called -ansi which gives you C90 compatibility.

C90 was superseded in 1999 by C99, and so that's 17 years of compatibility, and counting.
> In the Bohmian view, nonlocality is even more conspicuous. The trajectory of any one particle depends on what all the other particles described by the same wave function are doing.

AKA India's Net.
The why does it pay more? Is it because people think it's a promotion? Are the skills for management less "tangible" and harder to adquire? Or maybe it doesn's really pay more and it's just the places i've seen.
Right! You're exactly right. You want a great example, look to Texas. They are one of the big reasons we live in this nightmarish dystopian present of $200 textbooks that suck to begin with.
Video2GIF: Automatic Generation of Animated GIFs from Video
Some observations:

* Disabling all referers everywhere will cause difficulties accessing sites that use it to prevent hotlinking (usually image/video hosts, many blogs)

* Enabling "Do not track" concedes a lot of trust to the advertisers, and also serves to differentiate you as most people have it turned off.

* Disabling Javascript will break mostly everything, everywhere, and also serves to differentiate you. It's also of questionable use since we're already installing noscript.

* I'm not sure what color profile support has to do with security hardening

* Disabling IPV6? Really?
... and I'd argue that the progressive ideas tend to actually be more regressive and that us 'conservatives' actually have the brighter outlook. :)
It's still baffling to me that we give Raspberry Pi all this credit for making a $5 computer when there is nowhere you can actually exchange $5 for this $5 computer and it has remained that way since launch.

Being reliably in stock at the alleged price isn't a nice-to-have side benefit, it's the only thing there is when you claim to have vastly reduced the price of something.

Unless someone can point to a US distributor who actually has one of these things in stock for $5, color me unimpressed.
The reason why it's about native apps on phones is because they don't have access to many of the hardware improvements that are being added all the time.

But quite a big part of those apps uses webview to render information in.
“My wife has complained that OpenOffice will never print on Tuesdays” (2009)
PayPal My Cash cards store PINs in plain text issuer database, fraud ensues
The primary issue isn't the fact that people will leave, it's their reason for leaving -- surveillance-based policing makes life uncertain and work inefficient. Top-down societies will fail whether or not their innovators jump ship.

Look at the shenzhen special economic zone in china; it evolved into something special because entrepreneurs were able to act without extreme government control at every step.

It's forgiveness vs permission. It's easier to ask forgiveness than permission, i.e. it's more efficient. But surveillance-based law creates a permission society. Opportunities to fail or break the rules are also opportunities to succeed. You can't say 'we're only going to allow you to run the experiments that will work'.
Maybe the brush was a bit broad.

However, studies interpreted more broadly than warranted can lead the unwary down deep, expensive, counterproductive dead ends. This happens all the time as the popular media get ahold stories, especially those relating to drug treatments and nutrition.

Consider the headline: "Magic mushrooms found to lift severe depression in clinical trial."

That conclusion is out of line with the way in which the experiment was conducted, especially given the high tendency for large placebo effects in such studies. Without proper controls, the conclusion that magic mushrooms lift severe depression is next to useless.
IFTTT api to create geo fence on my route home to poll the Pi "are there spaces left?" with an email or response yes or no with a photo at the current time.
You can't slur entire populations of people like that here. That's a bannable offense on Hacker News, so please don't do it again.

We detached this subthread from https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11702913 and marked it off-topic.
Analyzing Hard
Could you clarify what you found ridiculous in my comment? I don't need to present scientific evidence that he's a potential harm to himself or others; anyone who is depressed or schizophrenic is potentially such a threat. The evidence that he's just been lucky is that despite not treating his illnesses with modalities proven to provide treatment, he hasn't had a severe depression or schizophrenic episode. Also, you still haven't provided any peer-reviewed research suggesting that marijuana is useful for treating depression, anxiety or schizophrenia; was that an oversight or is it unavailable? My understanding is it's unavailable, again suggesting that because he's not actually treating his illnesses with medications that can actually be of benefit, he's simply been lucky while smoking pot that he hasn't had any severe issues, like suicidal or homicidal ideation. Clearly you have a pot-slanted viewpoint, but just because you believe in the healing powers of a random plant with thousands of chemicals in it, doesn't mean any one or more of those chemicals is actually supported by scientific evidence as being a treatment for depression, anxiety or schizophrenia as compared to legitimate medications.
https://ksr-ugc.imgix.net/assets/011/165/794/c4b7b104c6d147d...

This animated GIF shows it dropping into a "receptacle" which is just a box with a cord, presumably plugged in to the nearest actual receptacle.

Interesting idea, for sure.
The golden gate bridge costed about 1.5 Billion dollars when it was built.

$6 Billion is something that I think many civil engineers would consider to be a dubious figure, even as a first estimate. I'm sure Musk is cognizant of this.
They can't. The article is grossly misleading.
Ease of use.

Lack of optimistic updates is a temporary state, though. The vision for Horizon definitely includes this functionality, and we'll make sure it lands ASAP.
> Most users

Let's not get out of hand here. That may be true of "some users," or most users that you have come in contact with in your travels.
hey xiphias: we help people register, not actually vote, so we're pretty confident in the security. we're always looking for hackers to try to break it however. want to help out?
To me, it seems that an academic literature search is closer to the daily activities of one than to a random population of tech nerds particularly in regard to questions of professional educational practice.

Good luck.
This is definitely what it feels like at least.

A sense of raw novelty is evoked with our lack of understanding of the world around us becomes focused front and center.

Everything is beautiful in its own right. And the fractals in all of existence thoughts and visions run infinitely deep but we can almost grasp them.
On the face of it, it's at least sort of based on science, at least when compared to other methods of playing matchmaker.
That link doesn't say that Monsanto has sued California for
not wanting that users are waring about Roundup risks.

>...especially when it would have taken roughly the same amount of effort to compose the comment as to type "monsanto sues california" into Google.

Oh, no, I have done that, and the only thing that has appeared is that Monsanto has sued California because they don't want Roundup being classified as carcinogenic.

It is a totally different thing.

So, I ask for the source, because I don't find anything.

So, I repeat, source?
I strongly, strongly suspect that the primary motivation for this comes from the fact that higher voter turnout tends to favor democrats.

http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/3/progressives-ne...
The inhabitants are extremely unique. There may be no other society like theirs on the face of the planet.

If an unintrusive privacy breach of that small group was likely to allow us to learn something that would improve the lives of 7 billion others, it ought to be made. Just do the math.

I don't think there's likely to be that much we can learn which would actually be useful, but that ought to be the test.
Highways are much less of a military necessity than when they were built. The nature of warfare is no longer based as much on troop movement.
Indra's net?
He may be talking about cooking. This could involve chemical reactions, or facilitate / slow the absorption of nutrients, therefore changing the effective caloric intake from various ingredients.

Thermodynamics should add up once you account for heating, cooling, evaporation, enzymes, waste, etc
So how does it explain the 2 bands of the observed doubles slit experiment?
They want voting process to be as painful as possible. That is on purpose.
That link doesn't say that Monsanto has sued California for not wanting that users are waring about Roundup risks.

?

FTA: A listing would also require Monsanto and others offering products containing glyphosate to provide a "clear and reasonable warning" to consumers that the chemical is known to cause cancer, damaging Monsanto's reputation and violating its First Amendment rights, the company said.

This seems pretty simple. Monsanto sued California because of bad testing results on Roundup's active ingredient, glyphosate. If the chemical gets added to the CA registry, then Monsanto would have to put the ubiquitous 'known to the state of California to cancer' notice on anything that contains it.

Therefore, they sued to stop this from happening.

Am I missing something?
I don't see a practical difference between bundling and server push to the developer. You are still using tooling that traces your dependency graph and produces... something. In the case of a bundler it produces a concatenated script and in the case of http push it produces a list of files that should be sent with a particular route. To the developer, why should the latter be preferred over the former?
Instacart Spotlight: Data and Analytics
Yes it is. Because most people don't know what to use it for and so the mental barrier becomes the first hurdle for them to solve. Even the Terminal in itself is a mental barrier to most people.

Even after that is solved it's still hard for people to understand exactly why they should choose Python vs. HTML/CSS/JS/DOM.

In fact I don't think you can give one example of why they in 90% of the cases should use Python unless they are doing fairly complex stuff.
The argument here is essentially this: Microsoft started to lose when they (a company building computers, operating systems, and essential productivity software) were not best positioned to create mobile phones, despite being the biggest player in the computer market.

Being a bigger player doesn't mean you're better suited to solve a problem.
Maybe this is or isn't non-partisan, but here's a shot: I'm 25 years old. I've never voted and never will vote as long as there is a two party system. There has never been a situation where I can agree with either party or individual enough to support them in an election. How do you intend to get people like me to vote?

Also, if you did you get everyone to vote, wouldn't every vote turn in to a popularity contest? In other words, why wouldn't every candidate attempt to win their elections by appealing to the lowest common denominator?
I read this article and I still don't see the "why". It says "because there are big problems people want changed", this doesn't answer why you want to increase voter turnout.

For example, in America, the will of the people only influences change when it coincidentally is aligned with special interest will. Every other time special interests are more influential than the voting public.

This would undermine a theory that voter turnout is even a solution.
* Projects - Ray tracer - Parser/Interpreter - Compiler - Virtual Machine - Small kernel - Neural Network - Web server

Among these, do the ray tracer and neural network seem way easier than the competition to me due to my math background or are they just weirdly chosen?
Those two are essentially algorithms, not "projects".
Can you expand on this? I'm interested to see how this works in a real code base.

I'm thinking something like an initial (maybe massive) if block in the setup of the application that sets all of the behavior/features by declaring which implementations get set to which interfaces? After this if block, all of the DI stuff is set?

This of course means you need to use a DI framework of some sort.

Using feature flags is something I'm investigating because our current model is a git branch for every feature, and I wonder/fear it only works because we're a small team that has worked together for a while and in the future when we grow this will break down.
even prettier replication:
https://youtu.be/YF5iHQMjcsM

edit: and some double-slit https://youtu.be/nsaUX48t0w8?t=4
There's a very important reason to do this which no one has brought up. US elections have a lot of vote-suppression shenanigans; in some noteworthy cases (including the 2000 Presidential election), fraudulently removing voter registrations, understaffing and obstructing poll locations changed the outcome. This sort of thing becomes much more difficult to execute and much more difficult to get away with if there's an expectation of 100% turnout, as in countries which have mandatory voting; large asymmetric chunks of the population failing to reach the polls no longer look plausibly innocent. I think mandatory voting is worth having for that reason alone, in addition to the other reasons.
oh sure. there are a wealth of studies out there. it's hard to say why any particular person doesn't vote, but there are some trends that show when voting is easier, more people vote. Colorado, Washington and Oregon all moved toward vote-by-mail systems, in which a ballot is automatically mailed to a voter's house, and saw an immediate increase in voter turnout.

Honestly, I'm waited to see the outcome of Oregon's automatic voter registration efforts on turnout. My guess is that Oregon will continue to lead the way with high turnout. I could be wrong, of course, but there's nothing that suggests that making voting easier would decrease turnout.
Some nit-picks:

> Until a particle is observed, an act that causes the wave function to “collapse,”

The "collapse" is a overly-simplistic way to interpret QM experiments. It's not well-defined because no one's ever been able to define the "observer".

> Quantum mechanics, in contrast, is inherently nonlocal.

This is false, and a common misinterpretation of QM. We do not have any evidence of information travelling faster than the speed of light.
Any suggestions which subreddits I should be looking at?
You could also zoom in so you would be looking at a car if it is parked there, and then upload the image to the microsoft caption bot service. It's pretty good at recognizing cars already, and you can just search the result for the word "car"
Monospace - This is an universal requirement for source code typography.
It's not just an historic artifact from the olden days of terminals, but an useful convention to allow two dimensional structuring and highlighting differences on the character level.

Well, since there are people that swear by using variable space fonts for programming, it's not necessarily a universal requirement. I agree it is a very useful convention though, and prefer monospace fonts for terminals and programming myself.
So the police act as if targeted by guerrillas at all times? Sounds strangely of actual class-warfare.

As an extreme counter example, I've understood Norwegian police are unarmed and pick guns only if situation obviously requires it. So there is nothing intrinsic in the role of a police officer that would require this level of aggression. Is US really that violent?
Can't you physically isolate the two groups somehow?
Secure Coding: How to Account for Input Sanitization
You are referring to the color scheme, not the font. The default font for your Sublime Text is probably either Monospace, Consolas, or Menlo Regular.

Yes, this will confuse a lot of people who enjoy the default color scheme of Sublime. This is something completely different.
labster, compulsory voting would be amazing in the US. i might be in the minority here, but i consider voting a duty, not a right per se.
I like how the article steps through and examines the key points of Paxos with a relatable scenario. Still a complicated subject for sure. Makes me want to go home and implement a working version for myself.
Sure, but at that point what relationship does it have to the semantics of C ints?
Oh, and I was wondering what exactly they use in Google Translate.
Funny, was there footage of actual 3D printing taking place?
From what I remember, they used methylphenidate (Ritalin) so the control group would "feel something" but, assuming that none of the participants had used either Ritalin or psilocybin before, they may not know the difference between Ritalin and low-dose psilocybin.

If I'm not mistaken, the psylocybin group wasn't given "tripping balls" dosages but rather more modest ones.
The successes of Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump would seem to contradict your thesis.
Menar du "jordgubbar" eller "smultron"? :P People here don't know about "smultron", the little wild strawberries that are a billion times better than plain old "jordgubbar", the things you buy at ICA.
Musk himself didn't expect SpaceX to succeed. It was one launch away from complete failure. You're essentially making the argument "If NASA can put a man on the moon why do I still have to buy toothpaste?"

SpaceX has and continues to do amazing things, that doesn't mean suddenly everything we want is feasible.