skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The notions of "strong" and "weak" typing have never been particularly well-defined, but I think my usage is in line with their usual meaning: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing

> Some programming languages make it easy to use a value of one type as if it were a value of another type. This is sometimes described as "weak typing".

Strong typing makes it difficult to use a value of one type as if it were another. In PHP, you can compare the integer value 1 to the string value "1" and the equality test returns boolean true. Conflating integer 1 and string "1" is weak typing. A data format that expresses the concept of the timestamp 1999-12-31T23:14:33.079-08:00 using the same fundamental type as the string "Party like it's 1999!" is what I would call weakly typed.

Ion does not make it easy to use a string as if it were a timestamp or vice versa. It has types like arbitrary precision decimals, or binary blobs, that can't easily be represented in a strongly-typed way in JSON. You can certainly invent a representation, like specifying strings as ISO 8601 for timestamps, or an array of numbers for binary -- actually, wait, how about a base64-encoded string instead? Where there's choice there's ambiguity. These concepts of "type" live in the application layer in JSON, instead of in the data layer like they do in Ion.

Note as well that stronger is my term. The Ion documentation says "richly-typed". Certainly Ion does not include every type in the world. Perhaps a future serialization framework might capture "length" with a unit of "meters", or provide a currency type with unit "dollars", and if that existed I'd call it stronger-(ly?)-typed or more richly typed than Ion. In that case, the data layer would prevent you from accidentally converting "3 inches" to "3 centimeters" by accident, since those would be different types. That would be stronger typing than an example where you simply have the integer 3, and it's the application's job to track which integers represent inches, and which represent centimeters. So perhaps "strong" and "weak" are not the best terms, so much as "stronger" and "weaker".
Which bills from left or right have removed money from the Social Security Trust Fund? The deficit in Social Security has more to do with the fact that population dynamics don't favor a scheme where younger worker's money is taken from them and given to older people when the population is declining.

Let me make your The only debate is which section of the population gets bulk of the money, hint: it's not the poor statement more accurate: The only debate is which section of the population gets to keep it's money that was slated for confiscation, hint: it's not the poor since they don't pay taxes to begin with.

What was the last program that the "right" actually rolled back that wasn't actually replaced with something more grand? Sure, in new programs they maybe didn't grow things as much as today's radical, er, mainstream left would like. But our compassionate conservatives have expanded government at every turn; they'll talk about reform, but the majority never mention terminating these things... even good ol' Trump makes no such claims. Ted Cruz, maybe, but most rank and file Republicans don't like him, remember?

I'm sorry. But most of your arguments sound like propaganda and are disconnected from reality. I grant you so-called conservatives like to have their private/public partnerships, which are as wrong as the programs that they target. But few actually try to dismantle the programs... they simply try to structure the gravy train.
I work from home, so never in car/train/bus much during work week. Other than that, living lightly and teaching my children to respect nature and be it's stewards.

I know I should be a more vocal advocate for climate issues by advocating representatives, demanding corporations change their ways, and educating the un or ill-informed.
There are two issues that are causing this:

(1) Sarbanes-Oxley has made life harder for public companies, so companies are waiting longer, getting bigger, and giving more of their returns to pre-IPO investors.

(2) QE means there's a lot of money trying to chase returns, leading to asset bubbles and volatility as investors bid against each other.
> beyond what they would be capable of only working 40 hours a week.

I believe that's a fallacy. Especially in software you just won't get more work done by working longer hours. Your 60 h week will at best be 40 h work + 20 h zooning out. at worst, it'll be 20 h work + 40 h frustration and self loathing because you can't focus on your work.
"I have a growing distaste for anyone I perceive as a whiner, which is more than enough fuel for this multi-paragraph amble through my mind"

By "multi-paragraph amble", he means "whinge". He is having a whinge about people having a whinge.
Messenger Platform docs happen to showcase very specific acceptable examples of what bots are expected to do[0]. An app like this doesn’t look likely to be approved to be publicly accessible.

Does anyone have experience getting FB’s approval for a Messenger bot?

[0] https://developers.facebook.com/docs/messenger-platform/app-...
They would care you think?
Is this a 30-bit display or 24-bit?
It is referenced in the Ion docs: http://amznlabs.github.io/ion-docs/index.html
Alex St John glorifies the benefits of slavery and Microsoft's imperialistic dominance of game developers in his own words [1], describing his infamous Toga Party / Roman Orgy / Slave Auction he threw in the Spartan Stadium at the 1996 Computer Game Developer Conference:

>"Sex, violence and debauchery were all hallmarks of a great Roman “orgy” and I wanted to come as close to capturing that experience as I could get away with."

>"The slave auction was also a special occasion. The Roman guards were rounding up the losers from the gladiatorial events and anybody who was offending a “senator” or Cleopatra and throwing them in the slave pit. Once a sufficient number of slaves had been collected from the party, Gillian returned to the stage to auction them to the audience for the gold they had won in the games. Gillian could set any base price she wanted for a “specimen”, if the audience wouldn’t pay the price the slave would be “thrown to the lions”. We had configured a “pit” full of foam to one side of the stage and directly in front of the first caged lion. A failed slave would be marched to the edge of the pit at spear point and pushed in by the praetorian guard where they would fall into box full of foam below the audiences line of sight. Then a huge video clip of lions tearing up a wildebeest and roaring would be played on the big screens on either side of the stage accompanied by the sounds of screaming. Down in the foam pit we had a collection of fake bloody body parts that somebody would toss up in the air during the lion feeding. Of course the “victim” was then allowed to sneak out the back and return to the party."

[1] http://www.alexstjohn.com/WP/2013/03/06/bunnygate-pt-2/
The 64 – Computer and Handheld Console
All this time you guys could learn CSS proper and define the design language that meets your site and needs appropriately... Sigh.
(?<!DoD)[citation needed]
> Git started in 2005. I'm sure Torvalds knew all about buffer overflows then, but decided to use C. You seem to think this is a crazy decision.

Well is it? Will it be if Linus isn't maintaining it?
CephFS production ready with release of Jewel
I generally agree, except the "type" of JSON numbers isn't well-defined with respect to precision and binary-vs-decimal floating point representation. An application that cares deeply about either aspect of numbers can't rely on JSON alone to ensure that the values are properly interpreted by all consumers.
Ubuntu Linux 16.04 is here
You misrepresent the case Monsanto vs. Schmeiser. It very specifically was not about accidentally re-planting seeds that "blew" onto their land; the farmer was intentionally using Monsanto's breed of seeds commercially.

Monsanto or not, every seed breed developer has right to protect their IPR.
Show HN: GPU accelerated video stabilisation on iOS
Usual ASN.1 caveat: parsing its specifications requires money and a lot of time, implementing many of its encodings (e.g. unaligned PER) is a lifetime's work

...unless you're Fabrice Bellard, who apparently wrote one just because it was one of the minor obstacles on the way to writing a full LTE base station:

http://www.bellard.org/ffasn1/
Yeah, after a few seconds of consideration, I gave up on Wired, not my ad blocker.
I don't buy it. Part of what makes a great app is that it doesn't have bugs. So don't try to tell me that the special tool you need to really make great apps is one that lets you write more bugs.
Well reset it, and start downloading pictures of cats, what's the problem?
In so many ways, Alex St. John is just like Silicon Valley's Russ Hanneman [1].

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzAdXyPYKQo
> The clients know what they need, but having a "big visit" to the doctor would cost more. This is a compromise.

That compromise exists! It's known as "over the counter" medications. They require no prescription or doctor in the first place.

Doctors should fulfill the needs of their clients. The legislature has realized that, for some drugs, people may need help to avoid addiction, or to avoid killing themselves with overdoses, or to fully understand the risks and possible complications, etcetera. To try and ensure these needs are met, they passed laws to require doctors to meet these needs, compelling them to act as a check against abuse, to perform due diligence in checking for possible conflicts with other medication, and to ensure the risks of the medication have been properly communicated (because let's face it - who reads the fine print?)

A doctor acting as a rubber stamp is not performing any of these tasks, and is not helping fulfill the full needs of their clients.
That is a good point in that it is a very accurate reading of the JSON spec. In practice many (even most) JSON implementations don't give applications access to any precision beyond what an IEEE double can represent. So while you may take advantage of arbitrary precision in JSON and be fine according to the spec, your users will probably suffer data loss unless they are very picky about what JSON library they use. For example, JSON.parse() in JavaScript is out.
What language are you fixing the bugs in? It's unfortunate that C# Regex is unique enough that this won't quite work for me.
Apple should pay more tax, says co-founder Wozniak
Even JSON is overkill for an application like that. Pure binary would be my choice.
How Technology Helps Creditors Control Debtors
Day/Night PTZ Cloud Camera Trendnet
A new market for jibjab.com!
By your definition, any language with strings is weakly typed, since you can always interpret a string as being something else. Strongly/weakly typed has never been a particularly useful description (as the page you linked notes), and I think it's particularly unhelpful here.
EmDrive: British scientist's 'New physics' theory
I Consider this Harmful (TM) and will oppose the adoption in every organization where I have an opportunity to voice such. (In its present form, to be clear!)

There is no need to have a null which is fragmented into null.timestamp, null.string and whatever. It will complicate processing. Just because you know the type of some element is timestamp, you must worry whether or not it is null and what that means.

There should be just one null value, which is its own type. A given datum is either permitted to be null OR something else like a string. Or it isn't; it is expected to be a string, which is distinct from the null value; no string is a null value.

It's good to have a read notation for a timestamp, but it's not an elementary type; a timestamp is clearly an aggregate and should be understood as corresponding to some structure type. A timestamp should be expressible using that structure, not only as a special token.

This monstrosity is not exhibiting good typing; it is not good static typing, and not good dynamic typing either. Under static typing we can have some "maybe" type instead of null.string: in some representations we definitely have a string. In some other places we have a "maybe string", a derived type which gives us the possibility that a string is there, or isn't. Under dynamic typing, we can superimpose objects of different type in the same places; we don't need a null version of string since we can have "the" one and only null object there.

This looks like it was invented by people who live and breathe Java and do not know any other way of structuring data. Java uses statically typed references to dynamic objects, and each such reference type has a null in its domain so that "object not there" can be represented. But just because you're working on a reference implementation in such a language doesn't mean you cannot transcend the semantics of the implementation language. If you want to propose some broad interoperability standard, you practically must.
Apple doesn't use the exact DCI-P3, they use "Display P3". DCI-P3 has gamma 2.6, while Display P3 has gamma 2.2 (the same as sRGB).

I wonder why they didn't go with the correct gamma? Does sRGB gamma compatibility help here so that they can easily display sRGB images on the screen? Or is gamma 2.6 bad on lcd displays?
See your photo on the wall before frame it
"Python Engine
free while in beta
PCRE Engine
free while in beta"

It's $5 a month for a "basic" account, which is about $80 AUD a year. I guess I just don't earn enough to be able to afford $5 * month * number of SaaS services I could use.
This is incredibly clear and well-written. Great article!
Dali helps scientists crack our brain code
I think consciousness is programed to first and foremost identify your skin to be your boundary (for survival). But then, when you train to master an external tool, like a bike, you feel the boundary of the whole system to be your boundary (for example: when you're able to manage the bike at incredbly flexible level, ie you control it at will).

Same for cognitive medium (like mathematics, we are able to think in term of mathematical concept to express ourselves better in daily life matter -> we have more freedom), so augmented human seems far future, but tools are augmenting us everywhere. (Augment = expand capability). And the limit of my tools are the limit of my world.

It's also true for other-regarding preference, if you identify someone (your kid) to be yours, you can take a cost for them. Or lovers, they self-interest the joy of each other.
Not 16 either. 25. Or maybe 24 if standing still is forbidden.
Yup. There's a lot of mischief in "so far."

Some products take a while to build, especially when dealing with less-than-friendly .gov regulators.
Ion's equivalently-expressive text and binary formats is absolutely central to its design, and IMO one of its most compelling features. You don't have to choose between "human readable" or "compact and fast", you can switch between them at will. This helps Ion meet the requirements of a broader set of applications, eliminating the cost and complexity and impedance-mismatch problems you get by transforming between multiple serialization formats.
From the article:

"""
Democrats always politic on the basis of emotion and their quixotic Green Energy is one of their favorite feel-good causes. There is no way to prove, or disprove that it exists or that it is caused by humans. Scientists are paid to find evidence, so they find evidence. If they do not, their services would no longer be necessary.
If there was incontrovertible proof, an evidentiary talking-point would have been constructed, which would silence all non-believers. What goes unmentioned is the fact that Global Warming has morphed into Climate Change and the media took no notice.
The inconvenient truth is that the globe has not become warmer for the last 18-years. There was a slight warming trend for 20-years, but that ended in 1998. The left will claim that these two trends are proof positive that Climate Change exists. Thinking people call it weather.
"""
Well in Alex St. John's case, his messy divorce led to him getting fired from Microsoft by performing a George Costanza [1]:

>But perhaps the most telling element of all of this is St. John’s own experience. In an interview by Christopher Redner [2], St. John himself suffered burn out at Microsoft to the point where he “got himself fired”. “He would pass out at his keyboard and straggle into morning meetings with key marks on his face. Worked sucked everything out of him; his marriage disintegrated.”

>According to a Shacknews interview from 2007 [3], St. John was going through a “messy divorce” at the time. He wanted to get fired rather than quit, because that ensured he’d retain his stock options for Microsoft.

[1] http://www.kotaku.com.au/2016/04/alex-st-johns-ideas-about-g...

[2] http://www.informationtechnologyleaders.com/stvid.html

[3] http://www.shacknews.com/article/46338/alex-st-john-intervie...
Where are their parents? How are these kids throwing away any substantial amounts of money without their parents knowing? Surprise, if you don't supervise your kids, they do stupid shit like gamble away lots of money. If it wasn't Counter Strike skins, it would be marbles or poker or sports.
I'll speculate that the Google employees/engineers that are asked to change their commute every day for this event might be a consideration.

If you are going to be tourist, there are plenty of ways to get around. Monterey Bay is also another really nice spot and MV gets you an hour closer.
Do you really need those extra 11 bits? Javascript numbers accurately represent integers up to 2^53 - 1. See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Refe...
> LXC+Linux 4.4 seems to be very broken

Seeing as my main use for my current 14.04 install is LXC containers, I think I will hold off a little then.

Thanks for the warning :)
They don't make this clear. The culture is very insular.
> By your definition, any language with strings is weakly typed, since you can always interpret a string as being something else

No, I wouldn't say that's the case. For example, in PHP you can literally write:

if (1 == "1") { ...

... and the condition evaluates to true. You can do similar things in Excel; Excel doesn't even really differentiate between those two values in the first place. (At least that's how it seems as a casual user.)

This is not the case in strongly typed programming languages that have strings such as C++ or Java. You can convert from one type to another, sure, by explicitly invoking a function like atoi() or Integer.toString(), but the conversion is deliberate and so it is strongly typed. A variable containing a string (java.lang.String) cannot be compared against one containing a timestamp (java.util.Date) by accident. An Ion timestamp is a timestamp and can't be conflated with a string, although it can be converted to one.

Edit: The set of types that are built in, in conjunction with how those types are expressed in programming languages (e.g. timestamp as java.util.Date, decimal as java.math.BigDecimal, blob as byte[]), is why I'd call Ion strongly typed or richly typed in comparison to JSON. Specifically, scalar values that frequently appear in common programs can be expressed with distinctly typed scalar values in Ion. I don't know if there's a good formal definition. You could probably define a preorder on programming languages or data formats based simply on the number of distinct scalar or composite types (so in that sense, yes, it's the fact that Ion has more). However it goes beyond that subjectively. Subjectively it's about how often you have to, in practice, convert from one type to another in common tasks. There is no clear way to represent an arbitrary-precision decimal in JSON, or a byte array, or a timestamp -- so you must "compress" those types down into a single JSON type like string-of-some-format or array-of-number; and several different scalar types must all map to that same JSON type, which creates the risk of conflating values of different logical types but the same physical JSON type with each other. There's no obvious or built-in way to reconstruct the original type with fidelity. There's no self-describing path back from "1999-12-31T23:14:33.079-08:00" and "DEADBEEFBASE64" back to those original types.

I subjectively call JSON weakly typed because its types are not adequately to uniquely store common scalar data types that I work with in programs that I write. I call Ion strongly typed because it typically can. I acknowledged earlier that a data format would be even more strongly typed if it was capable of representing not just the type "integer", but "integer length meters". Ion does not have this kind of type built in, though its annotations feature could be used to describe that a particular integer value represents a length in meters.
Experiences are important. Otherwise the days turn into weeks, then months, then years without you noticing.
It's interesting to have languages written for and in the same specification as your data.
Plists are nifty, but the text format's XML-based, which makes it too complex and too verbose to be a general-purpose alternative to something like JSON.

(plutil "supports" a json format, but it's not capable of expressing the complete feature set of the XML or binary formats.)
Militias were instruments of the state, and they are never DIY volunteer organizations. These were conscripted government funded, organized, and partially armed organizations. Who had canons? The state. Who had funded the militia? The state. Who headed the militia? The state governor. Who declared that all able bodied men 16 and older served in the militia?[0][1] The state. Who declared that all men needed to purchase a weapon?[1] The state.

The main point that differed a "militia" from an "army" was that it was a part time affair, and not a standing army. The threat antifederalists cared about was a standing federal army imposing its will on the state government. It was never about random dudes getting upset at the government. Although there was plenty of that too. (The Whiskey and Shay's rebellions come to mind.) It's just that the founding fathers would send the militia in to arrest them. To romanticize the colonial and early state militias as rugged individualists ready to stand up to The Man is simply ahistorical.

[0] http://academic.udayton.edu/health/syllabi/Bioterrorism/8Mil...
[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792
We Fact-Checked a High-Profile Article on Climate and Energy. It Wasn't Pretty
I kinda agree with the title (but not the article), as all that green bullshit wastes money, that could otherwise go to fusion research. Green energy simply can not scale.
Any text format is a technically a string. Just because some numeric token has no double quotes around it doesn't mean it isn't a string (in that representation).

It's just that we can have some lexical rules that if that piece of text has the right kind of squiggly tail or whatever, it is always treated as a decimal float instead of every programmer working with it individually having to deal with an ad hoc string to decimal type conversion.
Thanks for that link. Great read.
Status, life experience and the opportunity to do interesting jobs that may require additional study.

Why do people keep getting degrees in journalism when there are no jobs?
Uber settles class action for $100m
The latter (8-bit per channel). Sadly we don't have the memory bandwidth yet in mobile. Hopefully we will for the iPhone 7.
I frequently hear it's the exact opposite of easy and fun with lots of free time.
> You can't misuse any kind of Ion value that is a string as if it were a timestamp without performing an explicit conversion.

The same is true of JSON. There is no difference, except that Ion has a timestamp type and JSON does not.

If you disagree, please identify what characteristic of Ion's design makes it more strongly typed than JSON, other than the set of types that is built in.
rqlite, replicated SQLite, released with HTTPS, Basic Auth, and user permissions