skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement learning is learning by interacting with an environment. RL agent learns from the consequences of its actions.

Biological system don't live long enough to get enough feedback to learn complex behavior trough consequences. Animal or human must be able to generalize and categorize what they have learned correctly without external feedback teaching it how to derive the function that's doing it.

For example, if you want to learn how to tie a complex knot and learn it trough trial and error you might have try it million times if you improve your behavior mainly trough consequences of your actions. In practice you probably try only 5-10 times before you learn to do it and it involves pausing and looking at the problem. There is some kind of unsupervised model building happening that is not involving external input.
Well, because Chrome isn't so ES6-compatible as Firefox yet.
Can an Indie ISP Beat Comcast?
The really big deal is memory management. There's no GC, and there's pretty precise memory control, and it's not the Shub-Niggurath that dealing with C++ is.

In fact, just think of Rust as C++ for mortals. :)
I think @jamwt did a pretty good job of explaining this in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11283688.

At a high level it's really a memory thing. There are a lot of great things about Rust but we're also mostly happy with Go's performance. Rust gave us some really big reductions in memory consumption (-> cheaper hardware) and was a good fit for our storage nodes where we're right down in the stack talking to the hardware.

Most of the storage system is written in Go and the only two components currently implemented in Rust are the code that runs on the storage boxes (we call this the OSD - Object Storage Device) and the "volume manager" processes which are the daemons that handle erasure coding for us and bulk data transfers. These are big components tho.
So, when they get everything they want ("no absolutism" implemented by US companies), will we finally be able to explain to them it was all for nothing (except making the public less secure) when the next big attack uses open source non-backdoored encryption, maybe even routed through companies not under the US's jurisdiction?
CMU robotics center rebuilding staff after 'Uber crisis'
In the spirit of "every programmer loves to fizzbuzz", I rewrote this in Rust. Aside from rewriting it in a different language, the biggest change I made was only doing trial division against known primes <= the square root of a number we are checking for primality. Able to get the first 1,000,000 primes in 20 seconds:

use std::collections::HashMap;

pub fn first_n_primes(n: u64) -> Vec<u64> {
let mut primes = Vec::new();
let mut candidate = 3;
let mut count = 0;
if n >= 1 {
primes.push(2);
count += 1;
}
while count <= n {
let candidate_sqrt = ((candidate as f64).sqrt().ceil() + 1.0) as u64;
let mut is_prime: bool = true;
for prime in &primes {
if candidate % prime == 0 {
is_prime = false;
break;
}
if prime > &candidate_sqrt {
break;
}
}
if is_prime {
primes.push(candidate);
count += 1;
}
candidate += 2;
}
primes
}

fn main() {
let mut last_digit_pair_counts: HashMap<String, u64> = HashMap::new();
let primes = first_n_primes(1000000);

for i in 0..(primes.len() - 1) {
let last_digit0 = primes[i] % 10;
let last_digit1 = primes[i+1] % 10;
let digit_str = format!("{}-{}", last_digit0, last_digit1).to_string();
let counter = last_digit_pair_counts.entry(digit_str).or_insert(0);
*counter += 1;
}
last_digit_pair_counts.remove("2-3");
last_digit_pair_counts.remove("3-5");
last_digit_pair_counts.remove("5-7");
let mut ordered_keys: Vec<String> = last_digit_pair_counts.keys().cloned().collect();
ordered_keys.sort();
for key in &ordered_keys {
println!("{}: {}", key, last_digit_pair_counts[key]);
}
}

which outputs:

1-1: 42853
1-3: 77475
1-7: 79453
1-9: 50153
3-1: 58255
3-3: 39668
3-7: 72828
3-9: 79358
7-1: 64230
7-3: 68595
7-7: 39603
7-9: 77586
9-1: 84596
9-3: 64371
9-7: 58130
9-9: 42843
Well, we're all familiar with https://xkcd.com/221/ or http://dilbert.com/strip/2001-10-25

The possibility, however remote, exists that you will randomly select a sequence with patterns and order. In cryptography, we define the term 'pseudorandom' in order to discuss a class of functions that look random.
Pseudorandom sequences are sequences where, given the first n bytes of the sequence, an adversary cannot guess the n+1th byte with probability significantly higher than 1/2.
Basically, it's important to distinguish between blindly selecting a sequence out of all possible sequences, and finding a particular sequence with no discernible internal order.
If I understood correctly, the company wasn't a farm, they just had their office there, and the interviewee found that environment unpleasant.
Sound intriguing!

Where can we find out more about Zube Tickes? Not mentioned in the simple doc page.
The site could benefit from a quick explanation of what it is. I watched the neural networks videos and got curious what the deal was with lumiverse generally, but found no quick answer to that question. You don't have an About Us page (that I could easily find), for example. Edit: Even a tagline next to your logo might do the trick.
Yes, you can be fully rested with much less than that actually, according to polyphasic sleep theory.

The problem is that you have to sleep multiple times in a 24-hour cycle. The simplest version is the biphasic pattern or "siesta", where you take a nap in the middle of the day, as was traditionally done in Spanish cultures. The more extreme versions involve brief sleep periods evenly spaced out during the 24-hour cycle.

As should be obvious, the problem with this is that our culture doesn't permit it. Good luck finding a job that'll let you take a 1-hour nap in the middle of the workday (in addition to your lunchtime).
I think you will find Scala relatively easy to learn since most Haskell concepts have Scala equivalents.

If you want something much more Haskell-like on the JVM, check out Frege https://github.com/Frege/frege
It is feasible but not purely with software, the SSD chip has to be desoldered from the circuit board, the socket inserted in the board and then the copying can be done as many times as needed and the combinations tried. There are companies that do exactly such kind of intervention.

https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-future/one-fbis-major-claims-...
Or alternatively how Badoo could have saved $1.9M by coding in a compiled language.

Ruby guys can always do the argument "Our code required 50% more servers, but it increases developer productivity by 50%, and since developers cost more than servers - it is a win".

Has anyone ever really made that argument with PHP? It seems one of the least developer friendly languages possible on a large project. So developer unfriendly + server unfriendly = ?????
A $20,000 Self-Driving Vehicle Hits the Road
A beautifully concise statement of an incredibly common misconception as to the current state of the field.
6 Ways Companies Can Leverage Machine Learning Algorithms
>The whole point of the free software movement is to demand freedom for all users.

No it isn't. It's to demand the work of others be free for consumption by anyone without compensation. Users have a choice - free software (there are very few categories of end-user tools that I can think of that aren't well served by open source these days), or commercial software.

If the free software movement cared about freedom they would recognize that preserving user choice is a more important and lofty goal than just saying free all the things.

A militant approach to demanding that everything be free is an entitlement that doesn't value the disproportionate investment of resources (time, money, energy, etc) that software developers invest in their work in contrast to the value that users extract from that expenditure.

Software developers should be free to release software for free if they choose to, and users should have the right to use software that has been released for free (for example, unencumbered by hardware manufacturer restrictions that exist strictly to prevent the end user installing chosen software), but demanding the work of others for free is nonsense.
Thanks for the kind words! We started with GitHub because that's what we know and love but down the road we'd love to add more integrations like BitBucket.

Multiple repo views is a great suggestion. We're working on it now and we will have it out in a few weeks!
Thanks for the videos, they really clarified a lot of these concepts for me and were easy to follow in spite of having not done much calculus in the past few years.

One suggestion: What if you embedded the ipython notebooks that go along with each video into the page so that people could follow along? Even if it is static html like you see here http://blog.fperez.org/2012/09/blogging-with-ipython-noteboo... and not an actual hosted notebook.
Sadly a number of sites get hung up on the '+', despite being valid. One thing to keep in mind if relying upon this.
Here's some stats on random 50-bit primes:

https://play.golang.org/p/T4gsMwd1jj
its ok. I still think imgur is slightly better to use. Just my common example : I will find images and using their url upload, upload the image so that I have an easily shareable link. On your page its a two step process. I had to first enter the url, press the www button (which wasn't immediately apparent ) and then pressed the upload button. On imgur its only enter link and upload.
yup. that is all i wanted to say. i agree with the president.
That kind of makes sense, however the point was more that AI progress isn't gradual and continuous. It's (sometimes) rapid and has discontinuities.

Alphago was an entirely new method, using deep convolutional neural networks as a move generator. Therefore there wasn't any guarantee that it had to be just slightly better than previous Go playing algorithms, it could have easily been far above humans.

Likewise this is also the first time Go AI has been given Google scale resources. Both in terms of a team of the best researchers working full time on it, and their computing power. Whereas previous Go projects were all hobbyist things.

And Google didn't wait 10 years to challenge Sedol. The match was arranged only a few months at most after they started developing it.
LXD 2.0: Introduction to LXD
Does neovim have session persistence for those embedded terminals? Can you share a session with other people as easily for pair programming/debugging?

I'm not familiar with neovim's terminal emulator. What happens when I press CtrlX-CtrlE? Is it similar to a normal terminal with readline set to vi binding?
What this misses is let's take say me as an 8yr in the eighties and an eight year old today...there was no way to subpoena conversations with ones parents, the comics you read, music you listened to, etc. none of that was recorded...
The part about Hangzhou is interesting.

> But I do note that if you run the structure through SciFinder, it comes out with a most unexpected icon that indicates a commercial supplier.
> That would be the Hangzhou Sage Chemical Company. They offer it in 100g, 500g, and 1 kilo amounts, which is interesting, because I don’t think a kilo of dioxygen difluoride has ever existed.
Thank you for the feedback! You're right, I definitely should do that, now adding an about page is next on my todo list)
Some questions:

- Why ES6/ES2015?

- What are the advantages over Knockout?

- Why does it weigh so much if its only ability is two-way data binding?

And probably the most interesting question:

- Why the heck do I need to use Browserify for something that will NEVER EVER run on a server side?!

P.S. Nice monologue though. :)
Yep. I think that was a direct, literary reference in the story.
Can I add non-technical people to Zube, without giving them access to repos on Github?
They're poorly worded to intentionally exclude people with reasoning skills (barring some language barrier which probably helps as well).
i accept your criticism even though i don't agree with it. but i can assure you that i have not hosted any obama dinners :)
Let me know how those safeguards work for you if you're black. Or any other at risk group in any country really. Come on now.
A full year of development?
I don't agree. There were more texts claiming it can be done, they just have to try the combinations on the same circuit board, because one of the parts of the key is the part of the hardware, but the copying of encrypted data and then restoring from such backup can be done outside of the board, nothing is against that. Here's how Chinese trivially remove and replace the "solid state disk" chip.

http://9to5mac.com/2016/02/03/iphone-flash-storage-upgrade-s...

And the article that describes the process:

https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-future/one-fbis-major-claims-...

Yes it's just a chip that has to be copied, it's not a disk as we understand it in notebooks in a sense "a bunch of chips connected via SATA or M2" it's lower level but the principle is the same.
Are you a lawyer, or have you studied 5A jurisprudence? My impression is that it's not as simple as you're making it out to be. The 5A doesn't prevent a bunch of other compelled incriminating actions, and compelled production of passwords may eventually survive 5A scrutiny at SCOTUS as well.

Prohibitions on compelled self-incrimination predate the bill of rights, and were intended as a measure to limit torture, not as a general privilege of the accused to conceal evidence.
Simply replacing tmux with the same inside NeoVim doesn't feel like a win to me. Tmux is very powerful (providing for decent nesting with remote servers), and until NeoVim reaches Emacs levels of configurability and extensibility, I don't see it being a viable replacement anytime soon.
"Privacy absolutism" is the direct consequence of the Snowden revelations. If the government had not created such a massive apparatus spying on everyone, there'd be room for compromise (if technically feasible).

By creating secret courts, secret warrants or warrantless spying, the gov itself destroyed all faith in the possibility of a compromise that allows access where necessary while safeguarding meaningful privacy.

The NSA now has a profile of my porn preferences. Congratulation! I hope it was worth it – I've since enabled SSL on every domain I control, taught classes on the use of PGP and am one of thousands of non-Americans willing & able to create strong encryption messaging services it Silicon Valley bends to the Gov's demands. The NSA helpfully create a market and at this point any moral qualms I might have once had evaporated.

Reflecting back on the last decade, I feel like a case study in 'unwanted side effects'. I never was (and never will be) an Ayn Rand-style libertarian or one of those conspiracy-peddling bitcoin enthusiast. I've defended the primacy of the law as the only legitimate outlet of power in the face of hands-of-the-internet techno-anarchism. As I'm European, it should also be mentioned that I despise the Anti-american undercurrent so prevalent here, being able to recite most of The West Wing from memory. Hey, my major claim-to-fame is actually a widely-copied photo of Obama at his Berlin rally in summer '08.

But I've apparently made much of same journey as Apple has, which probably never foresaw that it would end it such an open confrontation with the US government (it must be bad for business to take sides in the culture wars).

In fact it seems possible that Apple or I actually never changed. Lesson: if you shift the Overton-window until the moderates become extremists, don't be surprised if they start behaving as such.
I've been working with scala for the last 2 months and I like it. The things i don't love are: the long compile times (lots of time wasted here), the lack of a community accepted/official coding practices - if sbt by default would run scalastyle on packaging/testing, that might help on enforcing a consistent set of good common practices on community code.
"If Alice tosses a coin until she sees a head followed by a tail, and Bob tosses a coin until he sees two heads in a row, then on average, Alice will require four tosses while Bob will require six tosses (try this at home!), even though head-tail and head-head have an equal chance of appearing after two coin tosses."

Counter-intuitive at first but makes sense - the outcomes as a whole converge towards the average (50% heads, 50% tails). Nonetheless, it shows that each toss is related to the others. One can expect that primes are even more related - or at least to the primes that came before.
It's easy to forget sometimes even as a child of a immigrant parent who gave their sweat, tears, and all they ever knew for a better life.

The further away you get from a real struggle story the more important I think it is to travel, give back, and volunteer. Walking the streets and living in San Francisco can really distort reality sometimes making a reality checks very much important.
Yea, our docs are a little short when it comes to Tickets. :)
We'll work on getting that updated but in the meantime you can check out this blog post - https://zube.io/blog/introducing-a-ticketing-system-for-your...
I use Scala frequently for internal microservices development. I also write a fair amount of Clojure. I believe that a lot of good and robust software is built in Scala, but that it suffers from a kind of complexity fetishization that offsets, for debugging purposes, a lot of the positive effects of robust typing. Compiler speed is also a problem for me personally.

Given my choice of options, I will choose to build new systems in almost any other JVM language, including stock Java 8. However, the language isn't going anywhere, and is worth learning. I find that feedback is fastest in Clojure. Your mileage, as always, may vary.
This is an incredibly important point.

It is arguably baked into the nature of policing that such institutions will over-reach their authority and attempt to consolidate it. Usually for all the right motivations, but they have systematic blinders to the unintended consequences and risks. For this reason, there must be effective counterbalances, and demonstrably court and board oversight is insufficient.

Hence it is important that for some actions that police are legally enabled to do, they remain too expensive (in time, manpower, money, whatever) to do habitually or without thought and prioritization.

Pretty much any technological advantage that facilitates parallel construction should probably be resisted for this reason.
Not most of them, and not with any certainty. The Dartmouth conference was just the very first investigation into whether it was even possible and what it would take. Of course they didn't know when AGI would be developed. The computers they had access to were smaller than my calculator!

Now we have massive computers and 60 years of progress. And lots of real world successes of AI technology. Surely we are in a much better position to predict than people of 60 years ago!
Key-based device unlocking
History has shown that to be the prudent course of action.
I love dumpmon and regularly point it out to colleagues.
If Spam Nation is accurate, spam is actually quite lucrative. The knock-off medications they're peddling often work just as well as the real thing and at a fraction of the cost.
It sounds reversed to me- shouldn't the "cherry" be supervised learning and the "icing" be reinforcement learning? At least insofar as reinforcement learning is closer to the "cake" of unsupervised learning, as there is less feedback required for a reinforcement learning system to work (a binary correctness signal rather than an n-dimensional label signal.)

It might also be argued that most "unsupervised learning" in animals can be broken down into a relatively simple unsupervised segment (e.g., an "am I eating nice food" partition function) and a more complicated reinforcement segment (e.g. a "what is the best next thing to do to obtain nice food?" function.) I'm sure someone like Yann LeCun is familiar with such arguments, though.
What polls show Trump winning against any Democrat?
Are we arguing?

The money is no longer in the bank, but I can't demand it for five years, which is great, because the bank will get the loan paid back, with interest, in four.

And yes, I would expect a secondary market to develop for deposit receipts as people misjudge their time/money needs.

What am I to think about? Duration mismatch is the problem, eliminate it and you eliminate bank runs and, more importantly, lying. The fraud is when the bank, through slight of hand, tells more than one person they can have a given monetary unit at a given point in time. That's the double counting.

But perhaps I'm misunderstanding you.
>> Transferring four petabytes of data, it turned out, took about a day.

46GB/s, is my math right?
We're on rustc-serialize. JSON is not really a part of our data pipeline, just our metrics pipeline. So the performance of the library is not especially critical.
All I hear is Ad-Hominem rhetoric. You aren't actually making a real argument here.
+1 Algolia too. Fast, simple, easy to tweak. It just works.
ask about the free shipping. hilarious
You are advocating for tools to enable a tyranny of the majority. Instead of letting society figure it out for you, how about allowing each person to have their own freedom?

Unfortunately, that's not reality. Each citizen complies with the laws of his/her own country. So do companies.

There is no global law concerning these issues, so companies with a presence in country X are bound to country X's laws. It doesn't mean country Y's law are great and/or should be the common denominator.
Ask HN: Content structure and BrainRank?
Given the use of machine learning as a signal in search, how could you better structure your text so it could be better consumed by BrainRank or similar algorithms?

I am assuming that while not public, some of the methods of BrainRank are similar to word2vec
And according to them, valgrind (and linux) can be qualified as beautiful piece of code[1]:

"Valgrind is perhaps the most amazing and useful developer tool in the world. Valgrind is a simulator - it simulates an x86 running a Linux binary. (Ports of Valgrind for platforms other than Linux are in development, but as of this writing, Valgrind only works reliably on Linux, which in the opinion of the SQLite developers means that Linux should be the preferred platform for all software development.) As Valgrind runs a Linux binary, it looks for all kinds of interesting errors such as array overruns, reading from uninitialized memory, stack overflows, memory leaks, and so forth. Valgrind finds problems that can easily slip through all of the other tests run against SQLite. And, when Valgrind does find an error, it can dump the developer directly into a symbolic debugger at the exact point where the error occur, to facilitate a quick fix."
[1] https://www.sqlite.org/testing.html
I agree that this is probably just an error, but I have seen sites that manipulate copies before (usually to add "Read more at URL" or something)
I doubt there was every any useful sense in which big VCs were not part of the establishment.
Thank you for the extensive explanation! We'll give it a try ;)
Tutorials for Web Developers
Why do you think that the lack of murders by the government after the Snowden revelations indicate that the fears are unfounded? I don't think you actually understand what you're trying to debunk.
Personally I think a lot of it has to do with evolution. We certainly have different sections of the brains that are more utilized in different tasks, auditory, visual, motor, etc. I think it is likely a lot of the initial feedback is preset -- the instinctual positive and negative responses of certain stimulus.
Parrellal reconstruction. IRS harassment of politically undesirable groups. More laws than anyone could read or understand capriciously enforced often based on political tribalism.

Then and FBI lawsuit to force apple to unlock a phone the FBI could trivially unlock.

I mean why wouldn't "tech-nerds" being falling over themselves to submit and comply?