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Appreciate the reference. I'm holding off on ProB and B for now because the B method has mixed results in CompSci literature. I mean, it's been proven on a number of high assurance projects by pro's. I at least like that both B and TLA+ are pretty straight-forward to compared to most where a person has both a mathematical and good, mental model of what's going on. B particularly as it maps to imperative with ease.

I'm keeping it bookmarked just in case. Meanwhile, I just got a ton of stuff on asynchronous verification in response to another commenter's troubles there. I was away too long: looks like async and GALS are both mostly solved problems at the cutting edge with some tools to help. A lot to skim or read that puts my B experiments further on the backlog.
Speaking for myself, that's exactly why I work at Joyent. I believe in OS virtualisation (whether you call them zones or containers) for multi-tenancy, in high quality tools for debugging both live (DTrace) and post mortem (mdb), and in open source infrastructure software (SmartOS, SDC, etc).

I also believe that as an industry and a field, we should continue to build on the investments we've already made over many decades. The Unikernel seems, to me at least, to be throwing out almost everything; not just undesirable properties, but also the hard-won improvements in system design that have fired so long in the twin kilns of engineering and operations.
We know that they publish stuff with backdoors included. We know that they payed RSA to build backdoors into their crypto.

Their is a very good reason that SHA3 is not designed by the NSA.

Yes you can learn from them, both from their published stuff and even more from how they attacked people.
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The linked paper seemed really clear (I don't play Go, but I do study dynamic programming algorithms). So it may not pop out unless you play- but it looks like the black stones at Q2-R2 falsify the board (as they have no air holes). Actually I think the simplicity of the legality rule makes this even more interesting.
I worked at FB for a year back in 2011 however things are still the same (so I am told by friends who still work there).

Facebook make money from ads and selling data to people who want to better target ads. Because of this everything boils down to how do we get data we can sell from this?

Yes you do get to work on interesting problems. Sometimes. Mostly it is quite boring and rather generic stuff though. The interesting parts of FB isn't the development side but the infrastructure side. Not many companies run at the same scale so you get experience with some crazy setups.

One thing you have to be able to deal with at FB is change control. If you don't like working in an extremely strict environment when it comes to pushing an update you won't enjoy it there.

While many people (myself included although not anymore) want to be a rockstar at these huge companies the reality is they are just like any other big company. Lots of rules and not a whole lot of freedom to "play" unless you really are a rockstar which, let's be honest, not many people are. You want freedom? Get a job that you enjoy and that pays the bills and play in your own time, which you will no doubt have much more of at a "normal" company.
I've used this in the past and found it to be great. The UI took a little getting used to, but once you did it was fast to accomplish fairly complicated things. Definitely worth a try.
Ok. That makes a little more sense. I'll just have to remember to use the visualizer if I get time to try it.
And sometimes, it's not even about financial repercussions. A dev thinks that the software can be improved in some way or another, but the users don't even want that improvement. They got used to the interface and are just fine with it.

This is what happens to me occasionally with my web app. The design is the same for 5 years now. I'm tired of it, it clearly has limitations, but users are very happy and new users compliment me on the "clean and great design". I really have to fight the urge to make a major redesign and rewrite huge chunks of the code base, because it wouldn't solve any problems users have.
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The pain would have come either way. Probably did better by understanding it's evolution then just ignoring it.
> Rust just doesn't offer a forgiving mode that approaches the kind of ergonomy you get from a less strict, garbage-collected language.

Because it's impossible (without sacrificing Rust's basic goals). And Nim doesn't prove otherwise, because Nim doesn't share those goals.

You are framing safe vs. performant as a fundamental tradeoff. It is not, and that is the entire point of Rust. Nim does not allow you to remove that tradeoff. Rust does. That's why Rust is suitable for different projects than Nim is.

In other words, Nim's safety features are not equivalent to what Rust has. They have a performance cost in Nim and don't in Rust. So in order to make your "sweet spot" of a language that scales up and down a reality, then you're going to have to either convince me that I should accept the performance overhead of Nim's features or that I should give up safety.

I don't believe that it is possible to combine a loose, GC'd mode with a memory-safe, non-GC'd mode in the way you want. The best you can do is what Rust already does, with Rc and RefCell. What people observe with Rc and RefCell is that you do indeed get back your freedom to make aliases and mutate at will, but you still have to know how the borrow checker works. So Rc and RefCell get little use in practice, because once you know how the lifetime system works you might as well just use the ownership system instead of paying the cost of Rc.

Even if it acquires ownership and borrowing, Nim will not be able to escape this dilemma, barring some fundamental research advance.
> I think a lack of free and open video formats (and editing software) is partly to blame for its meteoric rise.

GIF isn't a free and open video format either. The LZW algorithm used to compress them was patented in the 80s and didn't expire in most jurisdictions until 2003-2004.

If we want to see more efficient unencumbered video coding methods used online, the answer is most likely is going to have to come from patent reform (making patent lifetimes shorter).

The situation with H.264 isn't ideal if you're looking for purity, but licensed decoders are pretty readily available (most phones have at least one hardware decoder for it; Google/Microsoft/Apple pay to license the patents for Chrome/Windows (IE)/OS X (Safari); Cisco pays the license the patents for its binaries too).
Wow. After reading that I personally call fraud. Even if there is any real tech behind the scenes, these people obviously didn't ship it to their Kickstarter backers. They hoodwinked Kickstarter as a source of easy money and then immediately turned that into VC backing.

Using people that way is textbook sociopathy. People are rungs on a ladder to be stomped on. Unfortunately it works. People fall for it again and again because they don't scratch the surface enough to see what's actually there.

Anyone interested in investing should take note of a few things here: highfalutin college degrees, patents (you can patent a cheese sandwich) or "patent pending" (which is trivial and meaningless), and unsupported claims of novelty are not reliable indicators of anything.
Here's another quote. Take from it what you will.

"I can safely say that the fraction of people on Internet forums who understand as much quantum mechanics as they think they do is a non-negative number much smaller than one."

jeffwass, Hacker News (2016)
Things are different than the webvan bubble: many of these companies have substantial revenues, selling into a market of 10 to 20 times as many internet users, much cheaper infrastructure, etc.
Hi Michael and Aaron,

I'm the co-founder and CEO of PsychSignal (https://psychsignal.com)

PsychSignal is a provider of real time 'Trader Mood' data, analytics and indices for financial institutions & investment professionals seeking an edge.

Essentially we've built the next generation squawkbox. When I was a trader back in the day we used to use one of those old school squawk-boxes connected to the S&P Futures pit in Chicago. A guy would call the market all day long and you'd get a great feel as to where the market was going just based on the mood of the announcer and the mood of the crowd you could hear in the back ground. Fast forward to today, no more pits, but traders are online and they are talking... a lot. Voila PsychSignal.

Besides fundraising which is a challenge for everyone on here I'm sure, our concern is strategy, specifically growth. We've relied on our instincts in much of the creation of PsychSignal and growth is something we have restrained purposefully. We are in it for the long haul. To us the fin-tech space is a special beast one where new technology adopts slowly and reputation is hard won over a long period of time. This really goes counter to everything you read on here so it's always a lingering doubt for us. Wondering your thoughts. Thanks for your time!
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Ask HN: Titlecase URL for marketing material? (OurName.com or ourname.com)
Let say you are creating physical marketing material or a video for your company and want to display the url. Half the team thinks "CompanyName.com" reads much better, the other half (tech) thinks it's absurd to capitalize a url and it should be "companyname.com"

What is best practice? There isn't much SEO concern as this will not be crawlable links, but non-linked marketing material.
Bitcoin doesn't seem to be dead.
Some of these patterns are useful, especially to the careful listener. For example, the tech world has many helpful people who flag sentences that can be safely ignored by the listener by starting them with "So, ... ".
I disagree. While they try to build backdoors its not that simple. Even if you have backdoor to every laptop in the world, its not an easy thing to smuggle out lots of data without people noticing.

We know from Snowden that they do not have backdoors into everything.

Its about economics, if they can listen in on the exchange its essentially free. If they have to backdoor every end user device, its gone cost a literal shit ton of money.
The "chopstick" that is defined by having mostly chopstick characteristics in its variations can perhaps be related to free will. Perhaps free will is this variation in characteristics. Possibility
Ha, you're right
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You're correct, of course, and the Schumpeter curve is not something I'd heard of (I'm not sure that's the textbook name, but I'm sure it's the same concept) and is kind of interesting and frustrating at the same time.

Speaking from a strictly business standpoint I understand the motivation behind these things, but from my day to day programming perspective -- where the revenue doesn't come back to me in any way and building the Next Big Feature is really just looking for a spot for it to fit in among the bramble of previous releases -- all I want is for the software to work better. I tend to think of it as just knowing too much, but maybe it's just time to move on.
This quote stood out to me:

"On large scale projects, good communication is – simply put – just impossible. How do you get the right message to the right people? You can’t communicate everything to everyone, there’s just too much information. There are hundreds of decisions being taken every week. Inevitably, at some point, someone who should have been consulted before making a decision will be forgotten. This creates frustration over time."

This is an issue I've wrestled with over the years - too small a company and your resources are limited, too large and progress mires, and it mires because of communication.
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Stick to VMs for production use, for now. With thin provisioned storage and in-memory de-dupe.
Will the projects/assignments be workable on Windows, or would I need Linux et al for these?

And if not natively (using docker/VMs), would they be able to use NVidia CUDA card on my system? And how much disk space would be needed.

Thanks.
Founder has posted a $200 prize in competition for hacker, investor and designer feedback.
Why doesn’t Windows re-try the password as if CAPS LOCK were turned off?
NSA chief can easily be pro encryption in public while breaking, subverting, and bypassing it in private as they always have. So, it's a smart position from a political standpoint. Action movie equivalent of being perceived as James Bond while pulling off super-villainy at the same time. Win win!
"Imagine if they had opened one store, and then iterated on it until they got it right"

They couldn't launch just one store. That was the root cause of everything according to the article.

Target Canada took over the leases on all that real estate at once - it was costing them money to leave those stores empty. That's what drove the insane schedule.
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Q2 and R2 are part of a 9 stone black group that has 4 liberties
Love low bandwidth versions of sites. I use http://thin.npr.org most of the time and it's great.
Alright, time to write to IAU with a name proposal!
Ah, gotcha. My mistake for misunderstanding.
I can't help but respond to each of these incredibly myopic comments that suggest some deficiency with unikernels that doesn't already exist with a traditional OS: this exact same problem exists on Linux, except there you have multiple layers of allocators managing the fixed 'heap' available.

There's no reason few allocators can't cope as well, or why Mirage couldn't implement support for memory ballooning like Linux does, or etc. etc.
The Slate article from which this was "adapted" may be a better link: http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2016/01/21/kyle_cassidy_as...

The Q&A at the bottom of the "Travel Diary" excerpt on the author's web site gives a lot of interesting background about the project:

Was there anything that surprised you while you were doing
this project, or did it pan out mostly as you expected?

I was surprised by how many of the people I photographed
didn't fit the stereotype in my head. I realized when I
started this that I had only a very abstract idea of who
gun owners were. And when you said the words there was a
vague, beat-up pickup truck with a guy in a dirty baseball
hat, and a Bush/Cheney sticker on the the back image
floating around my head and while I definitely met people
like that, and they weren't rare, it was anything but
homogeneous – the people I met were really very diverse I
was surprised at the number of people who owned guns but
hadn't fired them for years, and surprised by the number of
John Kerry stickers on the cars in the driveways of people
I photographed. I thought, going into this, that it was
going to be something of a monoculture -- but it really
wasn't.

http://www.armedamerica.org/extras/amazon-diary/index.html
Non-C programs on Linux either implement the C ABI (or the Linux system call interface) or run via interpreters that do.

Can your preferred language link to the OCaml ABI? Do you have an interpreter written in OCaml for it?
Flipping through the list, my top 3 are Palantir, Spotify, and Zenefits.

I think Uber or Airbnb will stay and become huge, but they might both be overvalued.
Portuspine is a wearable device solution to provide posture coaching to people who wants to prevent backpain, primarily people with desk job.

We provide them haptic feedback whenever they are sitting in a wrong posture, we encourage activities and better sleep so as to holistically improve ones wellness.

The user can visualize how posture affect their daily activities and sleep. The wearable device can be worn by the user 24/7 on their wrist and when they sit in front of the workstation, can be click-removed and clipped on to the chest area when it starts to monitor posture.

http://portuspine.com
Yeah, Singularity is an amazing existence proof of lots of cool stuff in the unikernel-ish space (though, sadly, not quite of anything being suitable for production).

Is Singularity a unikernel? More specifically, would the unikernel.org folks consider a production-ready kernel inspired by Singularity and targeting a hypervisor to be a unikernel? The 2013 paper's introduction section contains the sentence, "By targeting the commodity cloud with a library OS, unikernels can provide greater performance and improved security compared to Singularity [4]," so I'd imagine no. But I don't see any expansion on that point, so I suspect it was added to appease a reviewer.
I agree he's screwing around. They do care, though, because encryption makes their job more difficult. They want to be able to go through every potential source of usable intel as quickly as possible. Can't do that if they're having to sneak around with backdoors on a per device basis. They'd rather use the backdoors for attacks on high-priority targets who are dodging other stuff.

Snowden leaks confirmed that hypothesis. Probably still true for economic reasons as other commenter noted.
The Snowden leaks gave a pretty good picture of what the capabilities are. They do most certainly not have backdoors into every possible crypto system.

SHA1 should probably be replaced for example, but thats not all crypto by a longshot.

Their are good talks at the C3 confernce about 'Post Snowden Crypto', specially by 'ruedi'. He goes into detail about all the major crypto system and explains how risky they are, and what we know about the NSAs efforts to break them.

https://media.ccc.de/search?q=ruedi
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> What if the current President or some future President goes digging through the emails of their opposition in an election year?

This has happened before with Watergate -- and the only reason Nixon got caught was because people talked. I would imagine something similar would happen. Politics can help create some balance here -- if they really were doing something that benefitted one side over another, someone from the other side would likely blow the whistle.

Regardless though, that information wouldn't just be sitting there unencrypted if there was no request look at it: there would be a paper trail that a certain individual was targeted and records pulled. That's not always the case if you just have a huge database of unencrypted communications.

> What if the NSA starts investigating the records of politicians with a anti-NSA stance?

This is a danger I am actually concerned about, but I'm also pretty sure this has been going on for decades. If not with the NSA, then with the FBI (e.g. the Hoover era).

> with power like that, they could basically destroy anyone who opposes them before they even start.

You don't even need government power to do this; the major political parties are set up with this purpose in mind. And work in politics for even a little bit and you'll realize there's not a whole lot of separation between government work and party work. I don't know that this is really much different than the status quo over the last few decades.
> The interpretation requires that the many worlds do not interact

...What? In MWI, interactions between "worlds" is the mechanism for all the quantum effects. If they never interacted, it'd give the wrong predictions.

Also, many proponents of MWI (e.g. Sean Carroll) don't think of the theory in terms of worlds at all. It's just a name that stuck. Really it's just what you get when you infer the Born rule from the unitarity postulate instead of having the Born rule as an extra postulate.

An intuition pump for this idea is: you probably think photons passing the point of no return and escape our Hubble bubble continue to exist. But you'll never ever see them again, even in principle! Wouldn't a model that says they simply get deleted out of reality be strictly simpler in terms of number of entities and therefore be preferred? Assuming a rule that simply deletes parts of the wave function that decohere away from us (i.e. collapse) is pretty analogous to that ( See: http://lesswrong.com/lw/pb/belief_in_the_implied_invisible/ ). Getting rid of the photon-deletion rule is analogous to accepting MWI (though I don't mean to imply it's the only game in town).
This is, essentially, the private equity model.
I work in a very similar environment. I thought forcing a change would work, "they'll see, if I just work on this and show them", and technically it did. Except it then became the norm. Now if we don't deliver X number of features in tight deadlines plus all the expected but not well thought out "improvements", it is looked at like a failure by the clients. My point : setting expectations internally and externally is equally important. Don't go too far off the reservation with your ideas, but quite frankly, you're too valuable to completely stop you. Find a happy medium that works till you gain the skills you need to possibly move yourself elsewhere (internally or externally).

Not the worlds greatest advice, not the way I would want someone to start off doing, but something I am and feel I had to do to make my life more meaningful. Good luck!
Isn't this nontrivial if your keyboard is in any locale that's not US English?
It's actually not Prolog but Datalog. Prologs non turing complete, but with logic consistent, little query language brother ^^.
Most big software companies do formal CSAT surveys. If their customers are consistently satisfied, it's incredibly hard to pitch incremental, non-revenue generating improvements successfully. This happens even at the biggest & best tech companies.
"whenever you measure something, you are actually entangling with it"

Exactly right, but there's a little more to it than that. Because you are entangling with it, all of the "mysterious" properties of measurement (Shroedinger's cat and whatnot) can all be understood in terms of entanglement, and in particular, in terms of what happens when you get large systems of mutually entangled particles.
> how many design, UI and functionality choices would you make differently?

I'd start by not hijacking clicks with JavaScript. In Firefox, double clicking the body of the article (which I do often to search for terms in the article) changes the font size (??), clicking in some parts of the body activates a link to another article. It's been like this for years.
Not necessarily the majority of users, but the users who draw in more traffic. Sites court some users more than others.

Similarly, sites that sell products don't care how many users they have, they care how many users buy. And they optimize accordingly.
Except the OP is talking about how running a Unikernel on qemu is basically the same as running a process on the host, except with a strange system call API (and one which might even be more complex than the real API). So talking about how ballooning or RAM hotplugging is clunky is very relevant indeed here.
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(poster here). Yea, usually we respond with a human in those situations. Occasionally things get rough and we use the robot, but it's rare. I agree it's not the best solution in many cases so we try to do it sparingly.
Here are some examples of what talented artist can create with this tool:

http://imgur.com/gallery/8zEE1/