skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
For most of that three decades it was actually more of a lack of explosion rather than an implosion. From the early '70s through the mid '80s, both men and women were growing in undergraduate CS degrees, with the women growing quite a bit faster.

Then they both fell dramatically through the mid '90s. Women dropped in half, and men dropped by about 36%.

Then men exploded, and by the mid '00s were about 60% above their mid '80s peak, whereas the women were only back to about the same as their mid '80s peak.

Then they both declined, and again the women's decline was more. Men fell about 25%, and women fell about 50%, by the end of the '00s.

It's that explosion of men from the mid '90s through the mid '00s that is the biggest contributor to the percentage of undergraduate CS degrees that go to females dropping in half from its mid '80s peak.

I've not heard any good theories on why there was such a surge of men coming to CS from the mid '90s through the mid '00s.

For master's degrees, the situation is quite different. From the early '70s through the mid '00s, both men and women rose slowly and steadily, with the women rising faster until the mid '80s when they then rose at about the same rate. This resulted in the percentage of master's degrees going to women rising steadily to around 32%. Then there was a slight decline for both men and women, with the women declining slightly more.

For PhDs, there was no decline. Both men and women rose from the early '70s through the end of the '00s (when my data ends), with the women rising faster so the percent of PhDs going to women in CS rose steadily from about 7% to about 22%.

Data if you want to play around with the numbers: http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d12/tables/dt12_349.asp
It also leads to the bizarre situation that local biodiversity may increase while global biodiversity decreases.
Works fine here..
The problem is the teachers don’t control the test difficulty so they are left with gaming.

There is no quick way of really teaching. Teaching well is a really hard problem that many think is easy. It is not.
I agree with your basic point that beans and chips cost £1.50 and a warm meal with (say) chicken/starch/vegetables costs around £2.50. Some rebalancing of the subsidy would be a good idea.

'Tuition' costs (i.e. everything except the canteen subsidy) are a tad hard to fine tune in Colleges. And remember someone has to put the stuff on the Internet - in the UK its quite often teachers in there spare time or as part of a project.
This (well similar) technique was also been reported to technically cure HIV.
Over the years there have been several incidents[e.g. 1] where people with HIV also had cancer such as leukemia in which the treatment was the kill the bone marrow and do a transplant.

Since for the procedure the bone marrow is wiped out as well as most of the immune system the HIV virus could not replicate within the T-Cells.

If those cases maintained a strict anti-viral regiment they would so far be pretty much HIV free (dormant vira as well as common HIV infection of the digestive tract cells would still be an issue).

This is unlikely to be used as any form of an official procedure tho the risks are simply too great without an actual proof that this even works in the long term.

Wont surprise me tho if some people might evolve this to a limited treatment especially if a bone marrow donor with natural HIV immunity can be located.

[1]http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/hiv-treatment/hiv-cure/4813-a...
كشف تسرب المياه
What I mean is that, when you say:

> Unfortunately, some people are not sane, and have decided that it's equally valid for realloc(p, 0) to return NULL meaning-failure and not free p.

What you want is the following semantics:

char *my_old_vector = ... ; /* We created / allocated in some way. */
add_important_stuff_to(my_old_vector);

char *new_vector = realloc(my_old_vector,size+100);
if (new_vector == NULL) {
/* I still have the old vector and can recover. */
}
yeah, kinda :D
I should warn you, don't ever accept an invitation to a family dinner from me, if you're not ready ;)
Down here (Spain).
The author claims that "Stack fallacy is the mistaken belief that it is trivial to build the layer above yours", but then says that IBM was wrong when they "happily allowed Microsoft to own the OS market".

Wasn't IBM a classic case of not trying to build the layer above them on the stack?

The Wikipedia page on IBM PC DOS even claims that their "radical break from company tradition of in-house development was one of the key decisions that made the IBM PC an industry standard".
Yes education correlates quite tightly with intelligence and conscientiousness, but just raising education levels on their own makes for better neighbours. Education is a good thing for all - the problem is we don’t have the jobs to go with all this education.
We run a PHP hosting platform and that tickled us as well. We were especially upset with the common sense that storing secrets in ENV vars is a good idea — in PHP those vars are easily exposed. See our blog post: http://blog.fortrabbit.com/how-to-keep-a-secret — here we suggested:

1. create a secret key, store it with the code of your App
2. store the encrypted credentials in env vars

Later on we even launched our own solution for our clients, an app_secrets.yml file, which can be edited via Dashboard. http://help.fortrabbit.com/secrets

The nice thing is, that this file is partly managed by the platform for it's own credentials and partly by the user.

That has been running for a while now. The adaption rate is low until now. It turned out that not everything will fit into that ONE fault. Blackfire.io and NewRelic run as PHP extensions, thus the API-keys are stored with the extension setting.

We have also discussed to implement an some open source "Secret as a Service" but came to the conclusion that this can too easily turn into to be a SPOF.

I am amazed that this topic is getting discussed again and I have learned about many new concepts here.
There is a reason why governments prefer large companies [...] If a large company employs 1000 persons, they only need to speak to 1 person to collect taxes on all 1000.

This implies that efficiency is actually something governments (specifically the French one) care about.

I'm not sure whether I'd agree with that.
Woa. It's a Rock Lobster!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDZy6-fMCw4
I think that's a given these days. Russia, the US and above all, Israel, are becoming masters at it. It's just one more tool in the cyber-arsenal.

Still, in this case it is quite obvious, but the Russians aren't known for being subtle.
Perfect Home Automation
Personal attacks (and this is a weird and creepy one, something else that Bitcoin doesn't seem to lack for) are not allowed on HN. Please don't post them here, especially when your "keenly skeptical eye" can come up with nothing worse than "dashing, handsome, well spoken and charismatic".

(This is not an opinion about anything to do with Bitcoin or who, if anyone, works for "an organization".)

We detached this subthread from https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10921219 and marked it off-topic.
> I've never come across something like this before.

Have a look at Souper. I believe it's got slightly different approach, but the same idea / result. (https://github.com/google/souper)

Actually I'm a bit disappointed that none of the papers references it (did a quick text search only).
Considering the physics of EVE: Online, I would be surprised if what you're asking for isn't roughly what EVE: Valkyrie will be.

Due to space-magic in the engines every ship pretty much acts like there is some sort of fluid filling all of space, and EVE is surprisingly non-empty when it comes to obstacles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_Law_of_Headline...
I feel you. My brother is a restaurant manager in the middle of Kansas making 30k a year. And he is a smart guy who was a MATH MAJOR at a state school! He could come out here and get a job at a startup and make 80k easily. But he won't leave his inlaws family, so he's stuck in Kansas.

There is some strain and resentment in our relationship over our income differential, sure... especially when I want to complain that I'll never be able to afford a 1.4 million dollar house on the Peninsula because I only make 150k. It's just pointless to even bring that up to him because I know I will come off as an ass. However in some ways, he has it better than me. He and his wife bought a nice 4 bedroom rancher on a half-acre lot with an inground pool for 120k- which I will never ever be able to afford around here in my lifetime barring some unicorn ipo.
> Recently having become a father has made me think a lot about general intelligence. [...] why don't we try modelling emotions as the basic building blocks that drive the AI forward

Because, among many other reasons, an AI going through the "terrible two(minute)s" could decide to destroy the world, or simply do so by accident. We will have a hard enough time building AI that doesn't do that when we set that specifically as our goal, let alone trying to "raise" an AI like a child.

> Edit: Oh, and for the love of god, please airgap the thing at all times...

Not even close to sufficient. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_box for how humans would voluntarily let it out, and papers like https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity15/technical... for how it would let itself out.
Why? The other side gets to drown us in attacks and we can't fight back? Sorry moderator your civility warnings are unwarranted and its why people lose these sort of fights. If a Nobel prize winner will get pushed out in England due to being flanked from all sides, while the nice people can't fight back.
He bootstrapped his company all the way to IPO
This article [0] was all over the news (and here) a month ago, but I can't find the extended discussions, only [1]

[0]: https://medium.com/matter/6cfeae2f4b53
[1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10725274
Good point. I wonder if it is sensible to limit the number of refreshes permitted (by placing a counter in the JWT that gets decreased on every refresh). That way you could have the JWT be valid for, say, 30 minutes, and allow up to seven refreshes; after four hours you would have to re-authenticate.

As for invalidating tokens; if tokens expire after a sensible interval (as they should), than you would only have to maintain a short list of recently issued and invalidated tokens. Older tokens can be removed from that list, because they cannot be used in any case after expiring. You could use a cache with a TTL set to a bit over the configured expiration interval.
Down (Slovenia).
The API also not working.
iPerius Backup 4.4.8 Crack and Serial Key Full Version Download
A kid's emotions are actually tightly linked to cost (or rather: fitness) functions: it gets fascinated by things it just barely cannot do. Somehow it "knows" that it could learn it and gets drawn to it. It gets bored by things it can do already, and frustrated by matters that are too hard. I think there's a pattern - emotions are a device for steering the system as a whole in a certain direction that increases its (or rather: its genes') chance of survival - finding a mate, finding food, adapting to the environment. They are one of the devices used for increasing our chance to create offspring, even in places where we don't expect them. For example there is this study where people around the world were asked in detail what kind of art they would find most beautiful (there's a TED talk about it): basically, across the globe, from Greenland to Sahara, it was a landscape with lush greens and a waterhole: a place where food would ve abundant.
This system is highly adaptive - e.g. if you look at how beauty ideals have changed over the centuries: the 16th century "Rubens type" signalled fitness in a way that we would call "overweight" today. A skinny model from today wouldn't have drawn the attention of Rubens' contemporaries. So perhaps we have an innate mechanism to recognize fitness within the local context, and we are drawn to it.
I think one problem of computer scientists working on the problem might be that they are often not self aware about their own emotions. Perhaps we should have more painters and fashion designers amongst us to understand the topic.
First time I hear about the cultural extinction theory. If that were the case, shouldn't there be more documents using the same script? But assuming the theory is right. Is there any way to decipher it without finding a Rosetta stone?
Error page from the UK
We banned this account for obvious reasons and detached this comment from https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10921219 and marked it off-topic.
The entire world = California.

Hacker News has officially become a parody of itself.
No free speech for you!
You might enjoy reading A Farewell to Alms [1].

More importantly your two positions are not excludable. It is possible that the elite of the past were wrong and some segment of the population is incapable of being raised any higher. I personally doubt this is the case, but it has not been ruled out.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Farewell_to_Alms
Deliberately misrepresenting the amount of work it will take to build something is unethical and perhaps even fraudulent. I hate to see people do this kind of thing because it gives our industry a bad rap and could eventually lead to cumbersome regulation or certification.

It's true that software budget estimations are by their nature educated guesses at best. But we should still make an effort to be honest about them.
You're saying the tests are too difficult? Have you looked at them?
Pretty much every claim you just made is wrong, but at least you provided the sources to demonstrate such. In short, dead store removal is not a bug, it is explicitly allowed. C11 Annex K is optional, and the rejection was not based on this feature, it was based on other problematic requirements imposed on a conforming implementation.
At least it cannot be significantly elevated further with the current education system. We definitely need improvements here.

(We, as a species. The particular education system I went through scores much better than the US system in every benchmark, but it's still piss poor at actually imparting skills on pupils, instead of rewarding them for accidentally ending up with them for reasons nobody really understands. I don't think any system has properly figured that out yet.)
JQuery 3 beta released
But then it's actually impossible to erase them from memory!
Well, of course inequality itself is not the problem. If a loaf of bread costs 0.20$ and rent is 50$/month, while keeping all salaries at their current level. However, inequality has a definite effect on economics and prices, so we can deduce that if the ratio of the two salaries were greater than it already is, while the job remains the exact same, then his mother would be in a worse position.
Twitter is down
Seems like the sessions system is completly down
Twitter is down for many people
When the author of a website does this, there are a few tricks you can use in modern browsers to help.

In Firefox shift+ctrl+m launches a developer tool that allows you to resize the viewport (for testing responsive designs) without having to resize your browser.

Also available in Firefox (and even nicer) is the Reader View, which works on this blog post. Its icon should be visible on the right hand side of the address bar.
I similarly have family in a rural state that make shit. On the bright side, they own/will own homes and don't live their entire lives around work. It's refreshing to go home, meet strangers, and have discussions that never mention our jobs.

On the downside, the state is economically depressed and is probably never going to get better. NAFTA plus the decimation of american car manufacturing really fucked them. My family have jobs but they don't pay well (I've bought groceries for a sibling) and it's not likely they will ever be paid even $50k/year -- enough to own a modest home, buy a car every 10 years, pay bills, and have savings -- in a relatively stable job. My brother similarly can't leave because of a joint custody agreement.
It took a few tries to find a non-classic book I've read and own. I was surprised by the neighbors/recommendations for Henri Troyat's Tolstoy:

- George Orwell's 1984, a "Bloom's Guides" edition (Cliff's Notes-looking thing)

- Benjamin Franklin, a graphic-novel format biography of the statesman and scientist

- Gran Pionero de Beísbol, a graphic-novel format biography of Jackie Robison

- Wilma Rudolph, a graphic-novel format biography of the Olympian runner

- Martin and John, "with a frankness about sexuality rarely seen in contemporary fiction ... a haunting, daring, and heartrending debut novel that speaks of gay life"

Those results don't seem to reflect the stated methodology in the "About" section... the only commonality is that three of the five are biographies. I expected more things to do with Russian literature, or literary biographies contemporary with Troyat's.

I'm interested in the project's implementation, it's too bad it isn't open source.
$20K housing for Serenbe's artistic residency program
Higher resolution images on that page would be nice. So we can actually see who the unicorns are!
With respect to conferences and continuing medical education, there's no need for this to be "subsidized" by drug companies, such conferences are already expensive to attend, despite such "subsidies" in any case.

Perhaps the conferences would end up being in less glamorous locations, but that would have little impact on their educational benefit.
> A lot of what I have to work with still seems to be 15 years old.

Like what?
Then a major factor in this vulnerability is that the API does not exclusively use TLS to secure all communication. You might want to clarify that in the blog post.
Yeah, where should I waste my time now?
What Is Layered Navigation in Magento 2
>I don't understand this fear

Monopoly. Github enforces their CoC which has nothing do to with good coding practices or technological progress, they ban repositories and people based on their views expressed in comments.
VC Roundup: MyMusicTaste gets $10m Series A; MultiPhy secures $17m investment
"Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook’s COO, wasted no time leaning in and explaining that because hate speech “has no place in our society,” the site will be implementing its “Initiative for Civil Courage Online,” which will slowly but surely purge Europe of all xenophobic rhetoric. Facebook is doing this by allocating $1.09 million to support non-government organizations that are attempting to curb online threats and hate speech."

There is a group: https://www.facebook.com/onlinecivilcourage

Wonder what constitutes "Hate Speech"

Judging by the comments on their page, they will not do that great of a job purging speech they don't like.
Oh, so you are talking about change of the species without evolution?
I agree although I think about it more in terms of development and maintenance effort.

There's plenty of other relatively computationally and IO intensive activity happening during login so I can't see an extra select having a tangible impact to performance.
Since the images in the article are rather small, I found the original document (linked at bottom) and scaled up some of the more interesting charts. They're assuming companies that IPOed in the last few years are still considered "Unicorns", which I find rather questionable. Anyway, it is quite nice to see all these companies in one place so here's the all the interesting charts:

The unicorn club http://i.imgur.com/UCXLaYY.jpg

New unicorns of 2015 http://i.imgur.com/JnDuOgj.jpg

21 decacorns http://i.imgur.com/NPLpYDd.jpg

13 European unicorns http://i.imgur.com/FZd02hD.jpg

33 Chinese unicorns http://i.imgur.com/aaSOJAT.jpg

And finally the original document (PDF) https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxFGUJc2Cr8rb3hFUVZ2Nk45QzQ...
why would they do that, when they can just make extra profit?
Well how is this intended to be 'content manage'd? Through pr's on github?

I think CMS is a poor choice for a name, when there is no interface to 'build' the site's pages. I'd call it something like 'website generator backed by github'.
Or even more futuristic, plasma parachute/heat shield: http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oct/early_stage_innovation/niac/...
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5742893
Not in Europe, no.

But do you really consider all speech to be equal and deserving of being free?
I never mentioned dairy. You mentioned a half-assed parallel, and it is, and I pointed out every single bit that stinks in it, I do not give a damn about slaughter. I wasn't sure if aphids shit honeydew, or if they vomit it out through mouth. So, pick an analogy you know that makes sense to you, because you've obviously capable of equating an ant with a human and raise a silly ethical question.

I asked you what about 75% herbivores, you cherry picked.

> yet indigenous peoples all over the world independently developed diets with dairy, from central Africa to Mongolia to neolithic Britain to Sinai to Mesopotamia and India.

Yeah, people are known to be very smart and very natural. Lets cherry pick again, people have developed weapons to hunt animals with, but then used them to kill humans. People developed technology to kill animal efficiently with it, then they used the same techniques on humans. I guess we are so smart and natural and it makes sense to do it because everyone did it. We all know what they did when they did that, they raised their utility function. At some point it was a rational decision, at another it stopped being.

Sorry, but this discussion is over, if you aren't kind and compassionate, if you do not value human life, if you do not think that values of the theory of evolution matter, then go keep raising that utility function, I entirely understand your viewpoint and with that there's nothing to discuss.
Except here the answer is YES.

And they've done it several times before, but governments keep ignoring the rulings. I wonder if entire governments can be jailed for contempt of court...
CA is the best nurturer in the world!They provide the best culture and atmosphere. In my country (Singapore), people are less willing to think out of the box. A lot of citizens obey the old rules. This slower the pace of innovation in my country. I hope people can see the possibility of finding new solutions!
They should also do something for sexist content. They said they have rules for harrassement, but it's quite rare we manage to be heard when we found problematic content.
If you want to help and inform people, as I guess it was your goal with this article, why use this awfully wrong title?
"Why isn't HTTPS everywhere yet?": Because it makes absolutely no sense for the vast majority of online content. Email in https ? Sure. Reading news sites in https ? Accessing RFC in https ? My favorite online recipe site in https ? A total waste of money and CPU.

Oh, and sure, the problem has been "solved" for few geeks using the latest browsers accepting let's encrypt certificates. Sure.
"Service Issue (18 minutes ago):
Some users are currently experiencing problems accessing Twitter. We are aware of the issue and are working towards a resolution."[1](http://twitterstatus.tumblr.com/)
Agner about CPU dispatching in GCC (2011)
Yes! You would think that was obvious.

As a European I am shocked and appalled at the jobs members of the American working class work. Here no one is allowed to work more than 38 hours per week or have less than five weeks of paid vacation, at a minimum hourly rate of about five dollars after tax.

I am not comparing the two countries which are obviously very different in many ways, except to say that poor people in America are absolutely decrepit, which flies in the face of our image of America as a developed nation.
The Engineering Projects
What is Arduino??
I'm sad that they didn't keep the fail whale. It would have at least provided some cachet to the error page.
Well, maybe GPUs are good enough and more specialized hardware isn't needed, or does not justify the additional development costs?