skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There's a thin line between an experimental treatment with some potential merit being trialed on vulnerable people, and a mad scientist just trying things "to see what will happen."

A lot of terminal people have, historically, had pretty terrible things done to them on the guise of "well they were going to die anyway!"

I for one welcome medical and academic oversight of experimental treatments. Terminal people are especially in need of protection as they will grasp to any hope no matter how slim or misguided.
> Hyperlink in the first sentence.

Hah you're right, completely missed the link (I'll put up a weak defence that gray visited links in gray text didn't help).

Thank you for the correction, noted in the original comment.

> (Incidentally, the link is broken in your quote)

Unsurprising, I just copy/pasted the section without fixing up the link. Fixed.
I'd say Windows is a bit more fragmented UI-wise than Linux, even if you remove Qt from the conversation entirely. There simply hasn't been a strong notion of "this is how a Windows app looks" since the, say, Win 98 days between multiple different generations of MS-blessed designs, the skin-heavy era and a myriad of toolkits. The classic "Windows app" design in my mind is Notepad, and few apps look like Notepad. I admittedly don't use Windows heavily, but the few apps I use occasionally inside a Windows VM or on the dual-booted Windows on my laptop all sport widely different UI appearance:

- iTunes (built on a port of some of Cocoa I think)

- Spotify (custom UX, also on Linux - using Qt - but I don't bother)

- Steam (custom UX, own toolkit - also on Linux)

- EA Origin (custom UX, made with Qt)

- KakaoTalk (custom UX, I think using a native toolkit though)

- LINE (similar to Kakao)

- Telegram (custom UX, built on Qt - actually this runs fine on Linux, but I keep it in the VM alongside KakaoTalk because it's the same use case)

- Firefox (custom UX, with native-ish theming by its own XUL toolkit grabbing stuff from Windows APIs)

- Chrome (custom UX, built on a custom toolkit called Aura with some Windows exceptions)

- Kodi (custom fullscreen UX)

All of these are apps with user numbers in the range of hundreds of thousands to tens of millions, and they're all unicorns. (You may never have heard of KakaoTalk or LINE, say, but both have 50+ million desktop installed bases.)

Some of the above (Telegram, Firefox, Chrome, Steam, Spotify) show up on Linux just the same, no better or worse. Outside of that, most apps people actually use on Linux:

- KDE/Qt apps, which import a lot of standard structure from kxmlgui and DE settings (e.g. dialog button order, standard dialogs) from Qt's QPA plugins

- Gnome apps, which follow a strongly defined HIG

- Non-Gnome GTK+ apps imitating the Win98-style HIG for the most part (which overlaps a fair bit with the kxmlgui standard structure)

Sure, there's a long tail of other toolkits on Linux (just as on Windows), but my argument is basically: Going by the most-used apps, Windows and Linux suffer this problem (if you consider it one) to a similar degree, but Windows slighly worse because outside the apps showing up on both platforms, the remaining popular Windows apps are more fragmented UX-wise than on Linux with its three broad categories.

Heck, Windows 10's bundled apps are fragmented UI-wise to a much greater degree than any competing offering due to the classic/Metro divide.

It's an utter mess. An interesting question is whether this messyness hasn't had some benefits (like allowing app designers to iterate and innovate individually, with no concern for following a system HIG, allowing the overall platform not to fall behind the curb). But arguing the mess isn't there is very strange to me.
For games, the most important features (other than the features of an RNG that all applications desire, such as good performance, high period, etc.) are being able to seed the state, and save/restore the state (required for save game support if you need seeding and want that to work after they save and restore the game).
Bit of an overcomplicated proof that DMU implies that gains add less utility than an equivalent loss removes. A simpler proof goes as follows:

Let U be a concave utility function, and let 'w' and 'e' be some amount of 'wealth'. Concavity implies:

U(w+e)/2 + U(w-e)/2 <= U(w)

hence

U(w+e) + U(w-e) <= 2*U(w)

rearranging the terms we find

(U(w+e) - U(w)) + (U(w-e) - U(w)) <= 0

and therefore

U(w+e) - U(w) <= U(w) - U(w-e).

So gains add less utility than losses remove.
I'm not sure preemptive multitasking is a good idea for a Z80 anyway. You can either run one program slowly, or two at a snail's pace.

At least it can address enough memory to make it not a complete waste.
that's pretty good.
Furthermore, she considers a innocent question from a child as a insult to her age and gender.
I love these disfluencies, at the right times.

Obviously there are variations on use; where cases like overuse from being unprepared can be painful to listen to... But when obviously pausing to think of the best way to describe something to a particular/unfamiliar audience, or summarize a broader idea down to a specific area being discussed, I've noticed how helpful it can be in understanding, at least for the way that /I/ listen to people.

When I hear somebody "um", to think of the best intersection between what they know, context, and what I know, my mind is trying to do the exact same thing, or even beat them to it. For me, this definitely engages me more; even if I come to the wrong conclusion, my conscious thought is saturated with putting these pieces together. Any related information is already active, and easier to link together. -- Compared to someone speed-reading a prepared statement, where I may come away with some high level knowledge, but be too busy parsing the flow of speech to contemplate many of the finer points as they come.
There's a large number of HN posters who just come in and turn everything into an anti-US screed. This guy took something unforgivable in Brazil and turned it into a very questionable commentary about the NSA and pretty much blaming the US for all the world's woes.

I believe there is a lot of evidence of autocratic regimes like Russia and China paying people to promote anti-US views. Who knows if this guy is one of them or what Stalin called a "useful idiot" but its amusing to see obvious trolling in action. Did he think no one would go through his posting history?
Every aspect of human physiology is highly dependent upon the very specific (and, as far as we currently know, unique) conditions found on Earth. Everything from the salinity of our bodily fluids to the atmospheric pressure and composition we need to breathe, the minerals we require in our diet, even exposure to sunlight and the diurnal day/night cycle.

At the risk of sounding metaphysical, we are as much a part of the Earth as your kidney is a part of your body. Yes, we probably can take your kidney out and keep it alive via artificial means for a certain period of time (it's just an engineering problem) but it is a rather large leap to do so permanently. It's worth asking whether the effort even makes sense.
Sociopathy is probably a varying scale. Unless it is actually severe enough to cause problems for you or others it doesn't fit the definition of a mental disorder. I'm sure everyone has at least little bit, but that's just how humans are.
I think you need to run dataflow analysis. There is a paper I read which explains the approach, but I lost the link. It describes how to propagate types to optimize code, but the exact same method can be used to type check code too.

Basically the compiler annotates each value it deals with with what it knows about it. So in your example:

(sqrt (car '(1 2 "hello"))

First '(1 2 "hello") what do we know about it? The value is of type list, the elements types are: integer, integer and string. Since it is a literal, we even know the values: 1, 2, "hello".

We record it somehow. Next we apply car to that value. What do we know about the resulting value? If car was a random function, we wouldn't know anything about the result. But car is not random. It is one of the most common Lisp functions so we have custom code for this "known" function that says that its value is the first item of its first parameter.

Therefore the type of (car '(1 2 "hello") is integer and the value is 1. Since the type of sqrt is an integer N >= 0 (let's ignore negative roots), the expression (sqrt (car '(1 2 "hello")) type checks! And if we have annotated car and sqrt as side-effect free we can fold the whole expression to 1.

Note that if the expression was (sqrt (car '(x y z)) where x, y, z are unknown variables then it would be a "maybe". We can't know if the code type checks or not. Note also that if the expression was (sqrt (car '(-1234 y z)), then the code would not type check as (sqrt -1234) has no type (ignoring complex numbers here). That is strictly more powerful than ordinary type systems which can't determine that (sqrt -1234) is a programming error.
I wish I had more time to follow up on this but I'll write what I can think of.

Your core question is a good one and fundamentally raises the question of causality (which came first, the A-beta or Alzheimer's disease, AD? See ref. 1 for a 'simple' discussion).

Interesting evidence comes from people with genetic mutations that decrease the levels of the precursor to A-beta (the protein associated with Alzheimer's plaques). People with these mutations are less likely to develop AD, suggesting that A-beta is related to the root cause of AD. The OP supports this evidence, as removing A-beta plaques ameliorates some memory loss.

As a final, unrelated note, I don't know much dermatology but I haven't gotten the sense that our response to uroshiol is considered protective. Unlike A-beta, uroshiol is directly causative of its associated clinical symptoms[3].

1. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-dis...
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22801501
3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC294319/
Huh? The answer is in your question. Non-public advertising. Medical sales.
On the Security and Usability of Crypto Phones
Relevant West Wing dialog:

MARGARET

Let me ask you this...Red meat has been found to cause cancer in white rats. Maraschino cherries have been found to cause cancer in white rats. Cellular phones have been found to cause cancer in white rats. Has anyone examined the possibility that cancer might be hereditary in white rats?

DR. GRIFFITH

Let me tell you something, I'm not 100% sure we've ruled that out.
> "The guy is a pure sociopath."

There is an argument that a far higher rate than normal of CEO's of publicly traded companies are sociopaths/psychopaths.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2011/06/14/why-som...

http://www.patheos.com/blogs/drishtikone/2013/10/are-ceos-an...

etc.

>> EDIT: Changed "most" CEO's to "far higher rate"
> Why are people on HN so obsessed with trying to find argument fallacies in comments?

it's just what happens when you get a bunch of intelligent pedants in a 'room' together.
As a shameless plug, I wrote a JS port of this RNG algorithm a while back: https://www.npmjs.com/package/pcg-random .
Last few places I've lived I decorated my place by getting furniture from charity shops (what I think Americans call Thrift stores) and then stripping and repainting them all to match.

The really good pieces could be disassembled and reassembled (with basic tools) and when done looked like new.

Since the resurgence of the "distressed" look it's getting harder and harder to find good stuff since the market has exploded.

I think when I have the time I'll just borrow my friends workshop and build all my furniture for the current place since I'm mostly running with IKEA style stuff at the moment.
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/epubreader/
Anecdotal maybe, but I got interested in computer science because of video games.

I learned programming from messing around with the online game Roblox, which is essentially a game engine with Lua scripting support. I played lots of games, wanted to learn how to make the same thing myself, and discovered the wonderful world of programming. A majority of the programmers I am friends with I met through Roblox, and have been friends with ever since, and all of them got into programming the same way.
For one thing, you're conflating marketing to consumers and marketing to physicians. There is no value in patients demanding a drug because of some contentless, sunshine-and-rainbows advert. The value in drug companies talking to doctors is arguable, but I think that doctors' very limited free time in general would also be more effectively spent talking to independent analysts, or reading independent comparative research. See the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in the UK, or the Cochrane Centre.
This is exactly what photography is supposed to be.
What I understood from http://mathbabe.org/2015/12/15/notes-on-the-oxford-iut-works... (posted elsewhere here), is that the problem stems from differing motivations. On one hand, Mochizuki wants to make his proof fullyt complete and correct (being both fully general and covering all special cases), but the community wants broad strokes intuitions. From Mochizuki's perspective, he has told everyone how things fit together, but fit together means something different for others. The workshop attendees want to know what things they can gloss over to get the big picture, but as of yet, nobody who understands the proof has succeeded in communicating that information, probably because they don't share the same motivation.
Since when do you need qualifications to blog about something?
Lol and thanks. I'll reuse that one for sure!
Wow, they've prevented Alzheimer's in healthy mice, and restored memory function to sick Alzheimer's affected mice. The treatment is non-toxic at ridiculous levels too.
In the US convicted criminals still have privacy rights after release. They are slightly less than a non criminal, but after probation ends cops can't just enter a criminals home on a whim.
I think this depends on your appetite for risk. Forgive the trivialisation, however if you

a). generate a strong symmetric key on the client

b). encrypt keys on the client using AES and the strong symmetric key, and

c). encrypt the AES symmetric key using the user's password, and

d). store that encrypted AES key and the encrypted used keys on a zero-knowledge server, keyed on a hash of the user name,

you might be able to log in from another device, using your user name and password. Both encrypted keys are pulled from the server based on the user name, and decrypted by inverting steps a to d.
Is there an easy way to save a person's life every year?
Nasa has been a political football for decades now. Only a unified national resolve to explore space will cure this problem, and we seem to be far from that unity. Half the country believes it's a waste of money (even though Nasa's whole budget was less than the one time bail-out of GM and Chrysler). Heck, 8% of the country believes the moon landings were faked.
Age is a weird prejudice because it depends so much on environment. In most companies, you're viewed negatively before age 30: you're expected to work the worst hours because the assumption is that you have nothing "better" to do and would just be out drinking. In Silicon Valley, you're viewed negatively after 30. Some doors close and others open.

I do find, strangely, that I'm way more attractive to women now that I'm older, even though my looks have (objectively) declined. Adolescent men are unwanted, invisible, and generally disliked by society unless they're in the top 5% for social skills; things get better at 25 and a lot better after 30... although I'm still glad that I married young because I'd imagine that the dating pool shrinks considerably.
Well, when you quantify your opinion like that, there's not much of an opinion left to even debate.

"Different people get an education for different reasons" is a nice statement, and I would even agree that it's true. But nothing follows from that. It's not a statement that one can draw conclusions from.

In your original statement you're saying "MBAs are useless now, but it's because of HR, and it sucks that MBAs are useless but it didn't always use to be like that". Now you're saying "no, they aren't useless, in fact they're better than engineers".

Oh, how easy it is to claim a strong point when you're unconstrained by the truth.
In mice the curative dose was 20x smaller than anything that brought on toxicity. We can only hope people respond similarly.
Donald Trump Praised as 'Talented' by Russia's Vladimir Putin
The case docket is here: https://www.unitedstatescourts.org/federal/nysd/446224/
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
What personality types do we have present? I'm guessing most are INTJ or INTP.

Test: http://www.16personalities.com/free-personality-test
> Not the kind of behavior you'd expect from the CEO of a publicly traded company.

FWIW, I know from personal experience this happens in private equity and I'm not surprised it does in publicly traded companies. Suffice to say, I stopped working with those people once I became aware they retained a guy and his goons for such a purpose.

The amazing part is he admitted it.
Science in the "nutrition community" is really not very good (this isn't surprising... it's hard to control what people eat (even willing study participants), and even harder to blind anyone involved). Nutrition research is almost entirely based on cohort studies, which are certainly valuable in helping our understanding, but are not great at rigorously proving anything. This isn't a slight on the field of nutrition research, it's just a really hard problem to solve. Much harder than many people tend to think...

I think it's overstating it a bit so say those things are "well-known". There are some indications that those things may result in slight increases of risk for certain types of cancer.
Speaking only for myself, obviously, I don't find the argument itself to be particularly interesting, but I do find it interesting to find a Brazilian judge posting it on HN, just because that's really unexpected to me. If it's all fake, then the comment ceases to be interesting at all.
I guess Israeli officials (or any other country with conscription) will all have had military training. And, for example, Ariel Sharon was a special forces commander.
Shkreli aside, it's ridiculous that the FDA would require such tests but not require that all approved drugs provide samples for further testing.
In case it helps, there is Uptime Robot (http://uptimerobot.com) that offers free uptime monitoring for up to 50 monitors checked every 5 minutes.

And, have a pretty affordable Pro Plan (with 1-min checks).

Disclaimer: Uptime Robot people here :).
If I bought a round trip US->India->US ticket (I didn't, I stayed in India), that would have been about $1000 at most. Hotel + food another $1000. Surgery $2000. Lets round up to $5k.

$5k is not a lot of money even for lower middle class USians. (Lower class USians have medicaid.)

It's true that many Americans live up to the limit of (or beyond) their means. Even if someone earning $25k cuts his consumption down to $20k, he'll still be living a vastly better life than almost everyone in India. It's true that being born in the US, and being able to trade 20% of your income one year for the ability to walk again, is a massive privilege.
Language without human interaction is an undefined operation, like raising zero to the zeroth power, or clapping with one hand.
Almost, but not quite. Tee writes the pipeline to disk as text; you can't trivially take the written output and pipe it back in as objects. It's lost the magic.
Fair enough. I didn't meant to start a "thing" with my comment but thought maybe it would make you explain what you meant. I'll word my comments better in future.
Because armchair psychiatry and textbook class hatred is not really an interesting contribution to the conversation. The HN bar is higher than mere handwringing.
>>Mouse models are rapidly becoming obsolete as it's becoming easier than ever to model entire, differentiated tissues grown from red blood cell-derived adult stem cells.

No they aren't. Transgenic mouse models are a $billion industry. We do not understand biological mechanisms nearly enough to not use live animal models. We are not even able to recreate single cell organisms with our level of knowledge and engineering.

>>FYI: making a new mouse models requires lots of chopping off heads of mice whom don't possess the desired gene. While transgenic, highly-edited living models might be nice, there's probably a more humane and simpler way to do the exact same thing.

Ah, the real root of your argument. Do you even know what the word humane means? I work in a labroatory and the animals are treated better than the people. Yes, a lot of mice are killed.. but for a reason. You say there's probably a simpler way to do the exact same thing, but there simply isn't. I wish more people were actually educated in this matter, but emotional responses tend to get more results.
For more on sociopathy, check out "The Sociopath Next Door": http://www.amazon.com/Sociopath-Next-Door-Martha-Stout/dp/07...
Migrating from Pelican to Hugo (Static Site Generator)
Keltner and Piff pretty much settled that enriched people feel entitled to not give a fuck about anyone other than themselves.
> The Autotools are better than every other supposedly better solution.

... as long as you don't care about Windows (or iOS, or Android, etc.)
I'm going to give it a shot again, but when I tried before it was buggy with support for that version. It seemed like it technically connected but it wouldnt run any queries nor show any of the columns. Now that it's 1.0 I'll try again but I can't spend too much time fighting it. I really want to be able to use it but time unfortunately equals money :/.
Thanks for taking the time to give some feedback, appreciated!

I didn't say Signal isn't usable, but it doesn't fit into the requirements because there should not be a distinction between primary/secondary devices after onboarding.

It might be possible to change Signal's model to accomodate that, but why even have a model that involves copying private keys between devices if you can avoid it? What if you wanted to revoke privileges from a device, but it has a shared identity key with your others?

> Anything involving the word "blockchain" here is fundamentally not going to work

Why? What if you're building something as a federated system and you need to share this key info in the network? Do you have an alternative suggestion?
Puppet and Node-Side Secrets
Andrew's point is taken. But human exploration requires so much technology just to make space survivable that there are huge ancillary payoffs.

At the end of the day, space is R&D. We can develop (and have developed) wonderful robotic missions and we should absolutely continue to do so. But we owe it to the world and ourselves to continue to research safer and cheaper ways to get humans to space. Eventually, there will be cities up there, and a trip to the moon or an orbital station will be just a bit more complex than a flight from London to Tokyo. But it's not going to happen without the necessary hard work and financial investment up front.

Also worth noting -- if we (U.S.) don't do it, China is still planning to put humans on the moon. We can watch and admire, or we can be in the race. Which would you rather?
You are assuming that the greedy Wall Street folks are actually contributing some of their smarts to improve the product of the industry in some way, and not just sneaking in and extracting value from the medical industry as Shkreli does.
What would the flag of Mars look like
Tech and Banking Giants Ditch Bitcoin for Their Own Blockchain
List of compiler books – GCC Wiki
Pretty sure I saw the 'After' picture in the mall, circa 1992. If you cross your eyes and look 'through' it just right, you'll see the sailboat.