skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I agree that terms like "dark web" and "deep web" have been used so much (and often interchangeably), that they've mostly lost their meaning. That being said, I've always used "dark web" in reference to things like hidden services, i2p, etc, and I've used "deep web" to mean unindexed/inaccessible content.
Useful write up.

Even though I really enjoyed the Scala functional programming course at Coursera, I decided to not use Scala in anger on any real projects because of the complexity. Java 8 is good enough and the code is much easier for people to read and understand.

I keep going back to Haskell even though I am not that effective with the language, but that is largely for enjoyment and because I am mostly retired now so if I spend extra time using Haskell I don't mind the productivity hit.
I think that in practice 4xx is (and ought to be) any error other than a fatal server side error.

I really dislike it when, e.g., Ruby HTTP client libraries treat any non 2xx-3xx response as an exception.

If I'm wrong about this usage, like, say I have a REST endpoint that, when the client doesn't send bad data, but a request fails for some reason (upstream service rejected request), what kind of code is my endpoint supposed to return?

(I would say 4xx, and leave it at that, getting rid of the "client" part of "client error", and leaving 5xx for something like ISE, fatal error "maybe ain't your fault, or at all under your control, client-man!" But I'm happy to learn more.)
Let me guess: your income is more than US$6,000 per year, the median per capita income for Costa Rica. For the United States, the median per capita income is about US$27,000.

It looks like electricity costs around US$0.30/kWh in Costa Rica. In the United States, it's about US$0.13.

So, the electricity in Costa Rica costs 2.3 times as much, and the income is about 20% of that in the United States, meaning that electric bills are effectively over 10 times higher.

Would you be willing to pay an electric bill that was ten times what you pay now? Even if you would, I assure you that many others would not.
Wine does it everywhere. The way prefixes work it simlinks the traditional Windows file system heirarchy to Linux, such that XDG_DESKTOP_DIR or XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR will become the Windows Desktop / My Documents folders.

It also generates .desktop files for Windows programs entries that populate your ~/.local/share/applications/wine/Programs folder and are thus indexed by most desktop application launchers. That means when I install Skyrim on Linux it shows up in krunner.
> My favorite part of asking any technical question is the mandatory "you don't actually want to do what you're asking us how to do" :)

As I was writing my response, I realized that I was doing this, but it amused me. So yeah, touché.
The goal. I was really surprised by the number of new insights I had, even after reading the Phoenix project multiple times.
Thanks for the link! I've finally put my money where my mouth is and donated.
> For example, CTE is only evaluated once, even if it's referenced in multiple places, and those places may have conflicting ideas of what's the best way to evaluate it.

Not disputing what you're saying, but I swear I read something the other day recommending being careful using CTE's as they are re-executed once for every reference in the query (or something to that effect).
Akin to something that happened with accounting when computerised spreadsheets came about. Instead of killing the field it just expanded it as more people wanted advice and what-if scenarios explored.
I like the stories about Warren Buffett's fascination with the dice:

> Buffett once attempted to win a game of dice with Bill Gates using nontransitive dice. "Buffett suggested that each of them choose one of the dice, then discard the other two. They would bet on who would roll the highest number most often. Buffett offered to let Gates pick his die first. This suggestion instantly aroused Gates's curiosity. He asked to examine the dice, after which he demanded that Buffett choose first."[1]

> In 2010, Wall Street Journal magazine quoted Sharon Osberg, Buffett's bridge partner, saying that when she first visited his office 20 years earlier, he tricked her into playing a game with nontransitive dice that could not be won and "thought it was hilarious".[2]
Funny thought on automated lawyers, to some extend lawyers are used to create standardized communication, aka contracts. So a law AI (lAI) would mean I give a natural language contract, my lAI translates to legalese and sends it to the lAI of the other guy which translates back from legalese to natural language. So legalese becomes just an interchange format for contracts, a badly designed protocol used only because we could not figure out how to transition to a better one. (Obvious JavaScript joke is obvious.)
That's why you put security cameras on a separate VLAN..
I also have an actual bird who once pushed my phone off the counter because he's a dick.
I take your point, but I have a few counterarguments:

1. Python 3.4 was released 7 years after 3.0. That's a very long time.

2. Assuming you're referring to the async features (none of the other stuff is really momentous), I can understand that for framework devs. It's really not a big deal for most users though, and because of the GIL, it's not as if they'll suddenly reap the benefits of parallelism. All it really means is nicer algorithm expressions and event loops.

3. There's no technical reason the new stuff couldn't have been added to Python 2. The roadblocks are manpower and politics.

4. Even if we stipulate async/await/asyncio are huge, busted Unicode support, 7 years of development, and breaking compatibility with everything is just a terrible tradeoff.

There's just no way this was a good idea, and Python devs could earn a lot of credibility back if they just said "oops". But there's no chance of that.
Search over opensource projects to find real-world usage variable names
Office 2010 should run under the commercial version of Wine dubbed Crossover: https://www.codeweavers.com/compatibility/crossover/microsof...
Your ISP is just pre-emptively 451ing you. -[
]- </badjoke>
A Tiny Intro to GitHub
Our obsession with elite colleges is making our kids feel worthless
Windows binaries using win32.dll are working pretty universally nowadays. Even WinRT is pretty much implemented. Its all system support libraries and opening up Windows would not make the implementations come faster besides having better access to finding the bugs in the documented API that many programs expect.

For example, DX11 being opened up doesn't matter because it relies on the Windows driver model while Wine is translating HLSL and D3D calls to OpenGL, or Gallium-Nine is translating them to TGSI. Opening up most system libraries doesn't work, because they are all using Windows kernel primitives the Linux kernel won't have.

The complexity of Wine is more that Windows is a 30 year old maze of complexity with millions of independent APIs and callbacks implemented over the years without rhyme or reason, and a Windows exe can call any of them any time and get anything back because the APIs are anything but bugfree. You need to translate Windows soup to Posix soup and somehow get all the expected behavior the running program needs, and then on the backend they are supporting pretty much every non-Windows OS so they have to fight with all their targets quirks.
This is an ignorant viewpoint. It's not just phobia. If a fingerprick blood test were actually possible it would make a huge win for children. One of my kids needs to get his blood tested for lead ( standard blood test for his age). Good luck trying to get him to hold still while he's screaming and fighting and drawing enough blood for a test. It would also be a huge win for premature babies, some of which only have 2oz of blood in their entire system.

The sell of Theranos was that you could do a thousand blood tests on a few drops of blood. If you could go to Safeway and get an accurate fingerprick blood test, then you wouldn't need a trained specialist to draw blood and collect the blood samples anymore. That's a huge win as well.

It seems less and less likely that is actually possible but if it were and you could get reliable and accurate results, it would really make a difference. It's not just people being scared of needles.
The story as it was explained to me (by Tim Draper) was that Elizabeth grew up with Tim's daughter, Jesse, and asking for her first million from him was thus relatively easy.
I'm a static typing lover. My two favorite languages are Standard ML and Haskell, which I have found very well suited to the way I think: denotationally (expressions are given meaning by a mapping to a semantic domain), algebraically (substituting variables for expressions), abstractly (selectively ignoring implementation specifics) and structurally (the only operations allowed on an expression are those sanctioned by its type).

However, I don't think Scala supports your argument very well. Its type system is:

(0) Redundant: When should I use an abstract class or a trait? When should I provide extended functionality using a subclass or an implicit? What are the relative benefits of poor man's ML-style type abstraction (with path-dependent types) vs. poor man's type classes (with implicits)?

(1) Inconsistent: Why are closed sums [(generalized) algebraic data types] implemented in terms of an open-ended inheritance mechanism? This makes `match` exhaustiveness checks unnecessarily more complicated, and hiliarity ensues when the implementors get it wrong.

(2) Unhelpful: Scala's type inference is local and unidirectional, from arguments to results, which limits the usefulness of using types for exploratory programming. GHC Haskell, which has all sorts of crazy type system extensions (some even more ambitious than Scala's), does a much better job of globally inferring types.

So, in spite of my general preference for statically typed languages, I find Clojure easier to live with than Scala, simply because Scala has so many warts.
Imagine a company breaks a relationship with a supplier, to then banish reference of the former supplier from the website - on strict orders from the supplier. Just to show them that orders have been followed I could set the offending pages to return 451, as an in joke rather than 301 to the home page (or even 404 which would mean they stay longer in the search results, hence 301).

Due to idiots like myself I think that signal to noise on this could be high. In other circumstances, and 'for a laugh' I could make some expired pages return 451 just to bring the novelty value of this new status code to a colleague, then forget about it and leave some URLs out there in cyberspace, forgotten about but returning 451.

Then this censorship crawler comes along, finds we have 451s for some internal joke reason (and maybe a former supplier) to not get the joke (as it is only a bot). Would the bot's owner then add an uptick in the censorship 'figures'?
Is buggy as hell on FF/mobile.

Also, single page apps have limited use. They don't scale up. The examples like blogs and email are really bad examples.
Not really. The script was written as a result of the recent AirBnB stories about hosts spying on and recording their guests. The relevance is direct and immediate, and taking it out of the title is shameless editorializing.
No. Think back 15 years. Almost everything in technology was the same as today. Yes memory density is higher now, cpu power efficiency is better and display technology is somewhat improved but basically we're using the same technology now as then.

In my lifetime I'd need to go back to before 1974 or so for things to be really different. That's before microprocessors became commonly used. Before pong. Not before Unix though. 40 years. Still not that different from today.
Please consider donating. IMHO, the Internet Archive is one of the crown jewels of the Internet. It's absolutely incredible what they've achieved, how much information and knowledge they've made accessible and how important the task of what they're doing is...and it's all free for anybody to enjoy, millions upon millions of hours of content from books to magazines to movies to music, classic radio, video games, and more than I could even guess at. They're just asking for a little help and give so much back.
Doctors' Right to Try to Convert Gun Owners, but Not Gays View
Have you tried urxvt, by any chance?
After 17 months of development, Wine 1.8 has been released
Supported. They are an invaluable resource.
Juniper hack has U.S. fearing foreign infiltration
My understanding is that Retrophin is an M&A company. They did not develop any drugs that they sell.
I used to use that method for the one that "didn't support password managers" before figuring out the click dance. Just tried with my main bank and they don't have a login form on the logout page.
Prestige from whom though? Many of these researchers are chasing money first, knowledge second (as they should). And, they know that the big money will pay them orders of magnitudes more if they're 'Prestigious'.

It's the same reason why my RSS feed is more likely filled with junk articles today than it was 5 years ago. It's a game of quantity as much as quality.
> An extreme case, is a client that took a package I developed 5 years after delivering the working version of it.

You completely lost me there, what happened exactly?
Yeah, I can definitely see how if you're disciplined it can be effective. But in my case, I've seen integer return values hold status codes from multiple modules and libraries, file handles, and enum values all in the same function just to twist everything together so that no matter where it stops executing, "rv" has some kind of value so that the ending "return rv" won't just return success. It was total madness, and it's really hard to do anything as complicated and fragile as that with early returns.

I will admit though that no programming style will sufficiently protect against bad coding :). I'm sure even if this person did everything I advised, they'd still find a way to overcomplicate and confuse things. So maybe the issue is moot, or at least bigger than style.
Have you guys seen Elizabeth Holmes' Twitter favorites?

99% of them are faves for someone saying how inspiring she is. How she breaks glass ceilings. How she's doing something significant. How the press just wants to build people up to then tear people down. How she should run for president. How her speeches were transformative. How she has vision. Her bio. Her story. Videos of her. Press puff pieces about her. Her face. Her.

I've never seen anyone on Twitter use faves in quite this way. It's not faves about anyone else's content or jokes. It's not faves about Theranos, either. It's all. about. her.

https://www.twitter.com/eholmes2003/favorites

#narcissism
Akready discussed here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10763969
Could you elaborate more on how one would use an insulin dependency to "stay thin"? I am aware that many diabetics maintain a rigorous control over their diet in order to moderate the effects of their disease. This is often associated with thinness. After reading your remark, I did some reading, but was unable to turn up any suggestion as to how one would go about deliberately using either excess or insufficient levels of insulin to reduce body weight.

Many a young girl is also on 'the pill' because she has discovered that menstruation is like being very slowly kicked in the balls over and over again for nearly a week while walking around with a mess in your pants.

Despite this, I am sure that they will give your suggestion that they ensure the treatment is being used for its intended purpose the most solemn and serious consideration.

As a health concern, the risks associated with maintaining an abnormal estrogen cycle appear to be statistically significant, even at modern dosage levels, but they are in a completely different league than the risk that would be posed by chronic antibiotic use. With regards to which, it would be good to see an actual figure for how many young celebrities use antibiotics in a chronic fashion for acne control, so that I could judge whether I would indeed be shocked or not.
The Firewall Awakens: ICANN's exiting CEO will work with China
Worked with Java from '97, Clojure for the last two years, agree with you completely.
## Things I've been doing this year that's a change from last year:

* switched jobs from full time permanent to better paying less interesting contract work

* moved house to reduce expenses

* growing vegetables

* donating to crowd sourced environmental lobbying campaigns, attending the odd climate change rally

## Thinking that's influenced these actions

+ our civilisation is geared towards pursuing economic growth, that was a reasonable idea in earlier times, but is now an arguably terrible one, as we near/exceed planetary environmental boundaries. changing reality, old thinking. our goals are wrong.

+ if i learn to be more self sufficient and live modestly i can retire in a few years, and will be more resilient against things going amiss with the economy / society.

## Books I've read that have influenced my thinking:

* a stack of climate-change related books. e.g. here's a few book recommendations from a post i made earlier this year: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10053960

* personal finance blogs

Warning: it's probably best not to read a bunch of climate change books if you are in a place in your life where you are prone to depression.
Deep Learning Robot Present
Not likely but for sure - the Z80 was designed to be binary compatible with the 8080. Although I'm not sure it is that big a practical advantage, you start recognizing the instructions fairly quickly after staring at enough dumps.
Implementing statically checked abstractions in Lisp or Clojure using `defmacro` is a royal pain in the rear hole. Error messages from macros being used wrong range from "confusing" at best, to "WTF is this %#$&%#$&?" at worst.

Racket supports your argument much better. And Racket is not Lisp: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10763584
There was a period of time in the '80s when it was widely assumed by the software cognescenti that microkernels were the future. A lot of companies were experimenting with them. A lot of these experimental OSes were based on Mach. GNU Hurd has always been based on Mach. This makes sense because it began development in 1990, and at the time that might've seemed like both a forward thinking and sensible thing to do.

NeXTStep was based on a Mach+BSD kernel, which at the time would've been an obvious thing to do if your goal was to create a modernized Unix system with all the latest cutting-edge (in the mid-80s!) technologies available.

That kernel lives on in OS X and its descendants. It was always built as a monolithic kernel, AFAIK. It just differed from a traditional BSD kernel in that the lowest layers (VM, process, thread, and scheduler stuff) were replaced by the Mach microkernel. I believe that this kind of monolithic Mach+BSD arrangement was a pretty common thing to do when developing a Mach-based Unix implementation.

From the outside it's almost indistinguishable from a BSD kernel. So why not just use an ordinary BSD kernel? Because it future-proofs the design. It gives you an easy path to gradually moving kernel-space services out of the core kernel and into separate address spaces, as microkernel technology improves and it becomes practical to do so. Of course, that never really happened, but it was a very logical choice at the time.

There were other benefits to Mach- you also got multithreading (this was a big deal, mid-80s remember), as well as Mach IPC. Mach IPC has its pros and cons, but just being able to have user and kernel services communicate via arbitrarily defined protocols rather than having to constantly add new system calls is very convenient.

That's pretty much it. This system has been around for > 30 years now, and even though it never turned into a true microkernel system, there probably was never much of a reason to de-Machify it either. It would be a ton of work and you wouldn't gain anything. It's not that Mach is so awesome (although it has some niceties), it's more that there's a lot of momentum there, and you wouldn't really gain anything by rewriting all that code.

As for why Linux distributions don't use it, the same reasons apply. It'd be too much work for relatively little benefit. It made sense to base your cutting edge kernel on Mach in 1985, not so much 30 years later. It doesn't make sense for OS X to stop using it for the reasons given above, but it also doesn't make much sense for anyone who isn't already using it to base new stuff on top of it today.
That "unless" is looking more and more likely by the day.
This is pretty nice.

Google's knowledge graph is much, much better than any of the open data competition because they have done the work to make it consistent (not in the ACID sense but in the completeness sense)

For example, Wikidata appears good on the surface, but as soon as you try to build against it you find huge holes in the data.

As a more specific example, the most common example you will see on Wikidata is "list the cities with a female Mayor in order if population." Great, except it turns out that many (most?) cities aren't marked up with the attribute that makes them considered cities for the purpose of that query.

Knowledge APIs add typing to search. That's really important because it let's you disambiguate queries well (Apple computer vs Apple fruit) and behave more intelligently based on that type.

Things like the DDG API (mentioned in this thread) don't do that. DBpedia/Wikidata/Yago do it, but so inconsistently that the benefits are hard to make useful (as you are coding for the multiple ways types are handled).
If you recall, Juniper was a part of the China backed Auroa attacks (http://www.marketwatch.com/story/juniper-networks-investigat...), which was in 2010.

Once the backdoor administration password is posted publicly, we can try to use it against older versions of ScreenOS code to do a process of elimination to find out how long ago it was added.
It's really put up or shut up time for this company. There's been so much hype around this, but things are starting to smell funny.
Maybe it depends where you are? East coast U.S. is entirely different culturally, behaviorally, commercially than it was 15 years ago. And, all that change has been enabled and propelled by a recursive process of capital and technology. Technology was barely a concept in most people's minds in 1999. Now, it is the prevailing culture.

I can't think of an industry that hasn't been touched since then, and most have been utterly transformed.
Costa Rica does not maintain a standing army (minor policing, border patrol, and a commando unit - company of 70 men); they informally rely on the U.S.'s army due to the U.S. - Costa Rica relationship. Also the U.S. forgave Costa Rican debt for forest conservation. These and other factors leave some of the GDP for investment in infrastructure like renewables. Other than building or damming another waterway, upgrading or increasing the number of generators, the ability to simply add capacity is limited with hydro.
I was hoping the product would pivot to passive blood pressure monitoring. I want my blood pressure to be recorded every few seconds, logged and cross-referenced against what I did, ate, and drank. For correlation purposes, knowing those things can be as simple as snapping a photo.

Smart people apparently claim that blood pressure is one of the most reliable indicators of how long you'll live. If so, then it's always seemed strange it's (almost) never measured.
the ssl itself was only $10/year, the $20/month heroku charges you to use a custom ssl cert.
Sure, but these early CP/M systems ended up being a blip - Z80 CP/M cards for the Apple ][ outsold them all, most likely combined and then with some factor of N. ZX Spectrums, Trash 80s, various arcade and home game machines probably moved way more Z80s as well.
The New Literacy