skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Two thirds of CEOs didn't go to top schools... That means that 1/3rd of the CEOs were drawn from 2% of the schools. Similarly you find that a disproportionate number of entrepreneurs went to a top school. The network and credibility you get are clearly important. I think most parent realize how tough it has gotten and they saw the shortcoming of their own careers.
Let me guess: you don't live in Bangladesh. Where there are ~160 million people, and the country is just one big flood plain. Bangladesh already has the highest population density of any "big" country, and the sea is eating away at the land.

If $0.30/kWh is the real price of electricity after externalities have been added in, then so be it. Because the alternative is too awful to imagine.

Also you've forgotten to include in your calculations that Costa Ricans probably use a lot less electricity than Americans. Someone earning $6k.pa probably does not have AC, a huge refrigerator, etc.
Bypassing VPN encryption is only broadly useful if you can get access to packets in transit. Nation-state agencies are the only actors that probably already have such wiretaps. (As discussed here: https://www.imperialviolet.org/2015/12/19/juniper.html)
After so many years, there's still no better coding font than MS Consolas. I use it everywhere (where by "everywhere" I mean Linux and OSX, since I don't use any MS products other than this font).
To be fair Kildall believed he deserved $240 for every copy of the os, and was angry at Gates selling dos at $40. He didnt see the big picture.
The medical community should reconsider the standard policy of not having that conversation. While it may be medically sound practice, the insurance industry takes these reference values as Gospel Truth. Your life insurance premiums and coverage are predicated on how much deviation you exhibit from the reference ranges.
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The Digital Mars C++ compiler used recursive descent since 1987 or so. It's certainly practical.
I'd love to hear more about that, any more details or links to share?
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If you have access to the build server you can modify the code, after pulling from the repo.

Or, if you have access to the binary repo where the code is pushed by the build server after building (often just a file server and FTP) then you can place your own binary.

Of course it us possible to use crypto hashes throughout the process to prevent these kinds of hacks from working, but...

If you do that, then the security process itself is what hackers will attack.

To prevent installation of exploits you really need to pay serious attention to the whole release process and not assume that anything is simple or secure. Only the paranoid can succeed in security.
React Grid Component based on flexboxgrid (CSS modules)
What exactly are you calling "type inference"? It cannot be ML-like type reconstruction, because doing that requires either whole program analysis or a prohibition from interacting with untyped code.
But why all those emojis after all?
MarkIt is now Buku, adds AES256 encryption support
> In more recent versions of Git (v1.7.9 and above), you can now also sign individual commits.

https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work

does this resolve the issue for git? or is it still possible to subvert?
Do you refuse to use any website written in PHP? How do you manage to have a normal internet life in the year 2015?
Only in countries that are allowed to differentiate on the basis of lab tests. Which is not the case where I practice.

If a lab result is outside the normal range and a patient has a reason for it to be outside the normal range, that's fine. If a patient has a deviation that is related to their presenting complaint, that's fine too. If a patient has an unexplained deviation which is not related to the presenting complaint, well, there's a 1 in 20 chance that the variation is statistical only. So you use your clinical judgement. is this a patient who requires outpatient follow-up and repeat, or is this an abberation?
"even git"?

I'm not sure git is the best example of a secure system. Commercial source control systems have more serious authentication.
Oh, hi there! Author here. Glad y'all like the post! I've been on a break recently working on other projects, but I'm finishing up a post for this series soon, so stay tuned!

I'll be hanging around off and on, and am happy to answer any questions!
I do not think they will disappear any time soon but I believe you need less people per case. So maybe there will be more cases and thus still the same amount or more lawyers required but one lawyer being able to do more cases assisted by some form of AI. And yes, most complete jobs can not (yet) be taken over but let's not forget the financials; if you can replace someone costing $40k per year by a less efficient service costing $10/mo then people will do it even if it does not fully replace the person. There are a lot of factors in that but for instance my accountant fired most of his staff when the SAAS package he uses got efficient enough; his right hand and him have to work slightly harder but he saves a very significant amount of money.
IMO, Microsoft got it right way back when with LINQ syntax. They did it for a different reason (to make things easier to convert to a sequence of plain, old fashioned method invocations), but the idea was the right one. For those who don't know, in a LINQ query you first specify the data source(s) and joins, then your filtering logic, then grouping and ordering, and then your projections, including projections into objects and anonymous structs. That's just the way it oughtta have been from the start. As a bonus, it also simplifies things like autocomplete, because you know the data sources up front.
>I think this is when a manager is supposed to add resources.

No, no, no, a thousand times no. Software isn't an assembly line. It's not piece work. Adding more people to a late project only makes it later, as the existing dev team has to work to bring the new hires (even if they're experienced developers, they're still new to the project) up to speed. Adding more resources to a late project, without accounting for a period of reduced productivity is the absolute worst thing management can do. I have literally seen projects go from, "Well, it's borderline, but we can deliver if we work weekends," to, "There is no way we can do this by the delivery date," because management decided to add two new developers to the team.

The worst thing is, Fred Brooks published a book talking about this phenomenon in the '70s: The Mythical Man Month. And somehow, the lesson still hasn't sunk in.
The birth of the web
> Almost all of that is due to the intentional choice of running on the JVM with high interop compatibility.

Here are some counterexamples:

(0) Clojure is compatible with Java, but has less warts than Scala. It is not statically typed, but it is internally more unified and consistent. With some exceptions, you only get to see ugly compatibility compromises when you need to interact with Java code.

(1) Rust is compatible with C - in fact, it interoperates with other languages that have C FFIs by simply pretending to be C. Nevertheless, outside of specifically designated `unsafe` blocks, which idiomatic Rust only uses sparingly, most code is written in a "modern C++ meets ML" style.

> But I'd take types with class-vs-trait design choices, less-than-ideal match exhaustiveness checks, and type inference incompleteness any day over a language lacking all static typing features.

Static typing is a useful feature, but I think it's narrow-minded to use it as the only criterion for judging a language's merits. For instance, Clojure's macros are objectively nicer than Scala's, even if both pale in comparison to Racket's. Writing multimethods in Clojure is straightforward once you know the syntax, whereas emulating multiparameter type classes in Scala can be confusing unless you know the specifics of how implicit parameters are resolved. (This is, ironically, a direct consequence of Scala's richer type system.)
microcode < state machine

watching z80 in action is actually painful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHeS6nQ_dmY
Back in 2000 I found we had a Power Mac 6100/60 at work which had the Copland developer preview loaded on it. I've never seen a copy of it since. I wonder if anyone still has the media, I looked all around the office for it, I'd love to take a look at it again. One of those rare birds from Apple, like MAE. Although, I think MAE could actually run some programs unlike the Copland DR. I don't remember being able to do anything in it. If I found a copy of MAE I would totally go get myself an Ultra 1 from eBay all setup just for the thrill :-)
Lazy reporting: "The U.S. officials said they are certain U.S. spy agencies themselves aren't behind the back door."

If you're not going to provide context or get a quote from a disinterested party, then just omit the US saying the US didn't do it.
You can't consistently maintain that real or alleged spying by NSA is a big bad deal, but the same thing happening to the US isn't a big bad deal, unless you just make a special exception for the sake of anti-Americanism.
What Is Design? An Interview with Charles Eames (1972) [pdf]
On what planet does it make sense to release a programming font which explicitly refuses to support both vim and emacs?
Do you understand that accountants are one of the first to go with the advent of AI? It's a foregone conclusion that accountants will not be around in 2030, at least according to Bill Gates
Hacker News is, among its other qualities, one of the few places where the comments on an article are reliably interesting and valuable.

Still, I empathize with the OP... It's often too tempting.
This argument is also commonly made in the context of the pool from which companies search for candidates to hire.

The problem with both situations (VC/entrepreneurs and employers/employees) is that there's a cost associated with evaluating a candidate.

I don't think anyone doubts that good opportunities (and candidates) exist at all at lower tier schools, but it seems very likely that there are fewer of them.

If your resources are already constrained by something other than the number of opportunities you can afford to fund/hire (e.g. time to evaluate/interview), then it doesn't make sense to expand your search if it means lowering your success rate.
I think he means (and that is also my experience in running services companies) that even if you deliver the software to your client, the client does not have the time scheduled internally to actually test and report issues. So you delivered all the client wanted and they will not even look at it because the internal manager who issues the project and his team are too busy.

We delivered a project a few weeks ago and heard nothing; I heard only yesterday that the manager went on holiday and will be back 3rd week of january. And
when he comes back his inbox will be full so I do not expect any testing till the 2nd week of feb...
It sounds like you are under the assumption that all religious people view their religion as scientific explanations. Religious fundamentalists take their religion literally, but not everyone is a religious fundamentalist.

Regardless, I think that "Religion has helped a lot of people, it's also hurt a great many people too.. so let's just focus on converting people out of religion!" is a dangerous position that will cause harm to many. Scientific processes for finding truth (which are really just things that are the least false) and religion are two separate domains. I don't see an explanation of what "the trap/maze" is and why it demands to be detached from humanity.
I don't understand why there is a controversy at all here. This seems to at least have a logical use case, which is more than we can say for status code 418 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2324)
And where do the next generation of Perry Mason lawyers come from, if there are no rungs on the bottom of the ladder?
Peer review isn't such an efficient process. There is lots of evidence of this.
Tell HN: An easy fix for ProductHunt criticisms
ProductHunt could easily address some of the criticisms against it by having a "new" link that shows every submission.

So the front page remains a curated list of startups, but the curious can go to the "new" list to see everything submitted.
Is Elizabeth Holmes breaking the law?
The Moral Landscape - Sam Harris

River Out of Eden - Richard Dawkins

The God Delusion - Richard Dawkins
Who are these "officials" and why are they anonymous here?

Anyway, what's most likely to have happened is that other nation-states discovered NSA's own backdoors and started using them. The NSA then freaked out and told Juniper it's ok to patch them now. The reason why I'm implying cooperation between Juniper and NSA is because Juniper keeps refusing to eliminate the well known Dual_EC backdoor from their systems and are giving stupid reasons for keeping it.
You'll want to turn off f.lux to play this game. Or leave it on, if you want this game to be much harder. :)
Oops, we didn't notice that China/Whoever was using our own back door for 3 years!

Clearly we need even MORE back doors! /s
The fact that all popular URLs which fall out of registration are now picked up by squatter-spambots is also troubling. An Archive.org entry should not cease to exist when the registration lapses if the squatter-spambots decide to robots.txt everything. That would defeat its purpose completely.
They actually aren't refuting the claim. Even in the article I noticed that they are very careful in their phrasing. They never say, "We have never sold another companies chocolate" or anything like that. All they say is that from they beginning, they have been a bean-to-bar chocolate maker. That only requires that some of their bars have always been bean-to-bar, not that all the bars they've sold have been so.
> The network and credibility you get are clearly important.

As is the network you go in with.
It is guaranteed that they would say that regardless of the truth, so the quote source is irrelevant really.
An AGI has been 20 years away for the last 80 years, in the opinion of many computer scientists. The reason why these prediction have little value is the same reason why software is delivered late: the people involved often don't know the problems that need to be solved. In the case of AGI, the nature and complexity of the problems is greater than a simple CRUD app.
Of course, CNN leaves out the fact that the NSA shares substantial blame for this by putting a back door into Dual_EC.

This is an incredibly poignant example of the inherent danger of any cryptographic back door. It's a real shame that the media is both too technically illiterate and too pro-government to explain that.
ouch! it's true.
Everything You Are Afraid to Ask About Slack Etiquette
Occam's Razor is heavily abused. It has a specific definition, and is typically used for scientific and metaphysical hypothesis [1], not human behavior, which is not a universal law. It is used as "a heuristic technique" and "is not considered an irrefutable principle of logic or a scientific result." Occam's Razor says nothing about what the actual truth is - it's just a tool use when choosing hypotheses to pursue.

Even if we were to contort Occam's Razor into this use-case, there is countless evidence for state actors adding or requesting back doors to major routing hardware.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor
Yes, Bostrom is all over the place, but the development curve upon which he bases his doomsday predictions is an exponential one in which an AGI recursively improves itself.
Any other HNs here?
I think the undercurrent that in implied is that there are countries like China who don't play by the normal rules of international espionage. Since they are so tightly coupled to Chinese industry they abuse their resources and power to feed domestic industry. To most people this seems very scummy.

Are there examples the other way? Where the US stole secrets and then handed them off to domestic companies? Maybe in defense? but otherwise?
Can you explain how they are related?

My understanding of this is that malicious code was deliberately added to Juniper's software, not that it exploited some existing code that Juniper thought was safe. This could happen regardless of what kind of encryption is in use in the surrounding code/infrastructure.

If my understanding is correct, why is Dual_EC relevant?

edit: And a follow on question: If this back door only works by assuming Dual EC is backdoored, is that not incontrovertible proof that the NSA is behind the entire thing, which there is at least some doubt that they are? That, or someone else has found the hypothesized private key in Dual EC. Either scenario seems like far more significant news than this story already is.
First if all, I don'[t think it is a good idea to let developers get away with just including any random library they feel like. Part of your code review should be to check the build,gradle, pom.xml or Makefile to make sure that added libraries are thought through.

Some libraries are targeted on doing one job well and using them is a great idea. But other like scalaz are hugely filled with implications, not the least of which is to UNDERSTAND how to effectively use it.

I don't use scalaz at all, not because I don't believe in functional programming, but because I believe in Scala functional programming and I want to make sure that I write code that other Scala developers can understand.

I'm not saying that scalaz is bad or good. It's just that it is a big deal and the whole team needs to drink the koolaid to get a real benefit. You could say the same about Apache Camel which is a wonderful tool that more people should use, but when you see it tucked into only one class of an app with roughly 100 classes, you wonder what is the point. Akka is the same kind of thing. You either embrace something like that or you avoid it. And make sure that everyone in the team is involved in the discussion.
Encryption? We need to go a step further. Let's ban anything remotely secure so we can stop these backdoors with our own dozens of other backdoors!
Exactly. However I see now that there's an Emacs workaround... maybe I'll try that some time.
> The true value of a lawyer is their judgement, analysis ability, and their power of persuasion.

I agree. We're not going to be seeing AI replacing lawyers any time soon.

That being said, I think you are downplaying the efficiency gains which come from AI and lawyers working together, especially when it comes to bespoke work.

For your example, diffing two patents is indeed something which still requires human intelligence. But there are ways of making the process of comparison more efficient by automatically correlating similar claims, providing references inline, etc.

This goes beyond the easy wins which come from "better spelling, grammar, and cite checking software" (which are themselves non-negligible).
hasn't the hoover dam been up since the the '30s?

Italy's hydroelectric plants have also been working since the '30s AFAIK, and they don't seem to be on the verge of a shutdown.
I don't use emacs or sbtg or g89, and I never had any problem getting set up with Scala, either at the company where we used Eclipse with maven builds or now where we use Intellij with gradle builds.

But learning how to use IDEs and build tools and even git or svn, effectively is definitely a learning curve. Just don't blame your hassles on a programming language.
> Consider: "Previous books published by authors hailing from Country X contained flaws in their logic; therefore since this book's author came from Country X, this book must also have a logical flaw." It's not a very strong form of argument: you might as well just read the book to see if it has logical flaws. Similarly even if a claim seems superficially similar to the kind of claim made by non-credulous people, that's far from conclusive evidence for it being an invalid claim.

You're right, that's not a very strong form of argument. But that is not my argument. The connection between Bostrom and previous doomsayers is not as arbitrary as geography. Your analogy is false. The connection between Bostrom and other doomsayers in the structure of their thought. The way they falsely extrapolate great harm from small technological shifts.

> It would be a shame if religious doomsayers have poisoned the well sufficiently that people never listen to anyone who is saying we should be cautious of some future event.

I think many people do not realize the quasi-religious nature of AI speculation. Every religion and charismatic mass movement promises a "new man." In the context of AI, that is the singularity, the fusion of humans with intelligent machines. The power we associated with AI present and future leads us to make such dramatic, quasi-religious predictions. They are almost certainly false.

>Sure, but there have been a few like nuclear weapons that were very much not a waste of time. Again, you really have to take things on a case by case basis.

Nuclear weapons are fundamentally different from every other doomsday scenario I cited because they were designed explicitly and solely as weapons whose purpose was to wreak massive destruction at a huge cost to human life. The potential to destroy humanity defined nuclear weapons. That is not the case for other technological, demographic and resource-related doomsday scenarios, which are much more tenuous.
Not everything which associates do is grunt work, and certainly not all of it s going to be automated overnight.

Instead, what I think we'll see is that lawyers use AI to become more efficient, especially at the associate level. So the same workload which previously took 5 associates will take 1.

Firms will still be hiring associates and thus have a partner path, but intake will be much lower. So instead of having to be top half at a top 5 school you'll have to be in the top 10% to stand a chance.
add ix iy

I'm pretty sure that isn't a thing (the z80 has prefix opcodes for "hl in next instruction is really ix (or (hl) is (ix+dd)" and one for iy, but not one for both in the same instruction like that). Source: worked on a product with a z80 in this decade.
Yes, there have been such allegations. A recent case involves Airbus who allege industrial espionage in the context of revelations that the German BND helped the NSA spy on European businesses: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32542140
Very similar to: https://julianoliver.com/output/log_2014-05-30_20-52
Expecting your kids to become CEOs is another way to make them feel worthless.
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Why the Fed Raised Interest Rates
> It is a little self-serving to say "Yep, this is possible and we are the ones doing it."

Fair enough. :) Though I tried to be a little more nuanced than that.

To be clear, I don't think AI will replace lawyers any time soon. It's just making them more efficient. Our customers are layers, not people looking for legal services.

> Excel didn't replace the Accountant.

Great analogy. We don't think AI is going to replace lawyers any time soon, but it will make them more efficient (and potentially eliminate some of the lower-tier staff, like what technology has done to pure "bookkeepers.")

> I think it is more than just the interactions with clients or making them "feel good."

Sorry if I didn't make it clear, but I do think lawyers still provide a lot of value which AI can't easily replace. There's a reason we didn't have an AI write our equity plan.

> I think the traditional structure of the firm serves many more purposes than just specifying a hierarchy for task assignment.

That might be true, but remember that associates are expensive. If the budget for them has pressure applied on it and with AI you can get away with 1 associate instead of 5, that's going to change the legal track substantially.