skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It is not clear to me why it would be a subset (I'm assuming proper subset here) or why it would have to be non- Turing-complete.

I agree that none of this has any obvious relevance to the practical usefulness of C, but all of us here in this thread have chosen to put that aside, at least for now, in order to contemplate a somewhat esoteric though less practical question.
I guess everyone can remember this if you ever make a mistake! I think people can have second chances, if he products verifiable results then it is what it is, sure he will have to deal with skepticism but totally rejection forever is a bit much and possibly a waste.
>I like types, but jeez, the vast majority of web systems over the last decade were written in dynamic languages

That's because the vast majority of web systems are glorified CRUD apps, the easiest kind of application one can make.

When it comes to the real hard backend parts (not just some queue handling of video conversion tasks for example, but things like search engines, social graph stores, programs for finding the cheapest air tickets, etc.), they're usually done in languages like Java, Scala, C++, Go, etc.

Heck, even as web front-ends got more evolved, people developed several typing systems to assist us (Flow, Typescript, etc) to solve that need, we got Go, Hack. Optional types are also landing in PHP and even in Python -- there's a consensus among many people about a need for such things. And Google wrote their more complex apps in a Java lib that could spat out Javascript IIRC (GWT).

As for the non CRUD apps, from PostgeSQL, Chrome, Office and Photoshop to Pixelmator, OmniPlan, Notepad++ and Scrivener, nobody writes those in dynamic languages (where nobody obviously means: some outliers being excepted). One might argue that those are few (they are not, they are merely "fewer" than web systems. Still millions of programmers work in that space), but the point remains: for developing harder apps, people opt to static languages.
Most chain restaurants (places like Applebee's, Friendly's, Chili's) include pictures on their menus, especially pictures of drinks and desserts. Many independent Asian restaurants do as well and I've seen it in Mexican places too.
Presumably you will use a key-stretching algorithm before applying HMAC.

[edit]

So yes, directly using a password in HMAC is a bad idea, and less secure than using some function designed for deriving keys from passwords.

You are confusing two things about sha-1. Assuming a 100% secure cryptographic hash function that is as fast as sha-1, you should not use it directly for hashing passwords (though it can be part of a larger construction like PBKDF2).

This is because the number of passwords you can check per second in an offline attack is related to the speed of the hash function, and bcrypt (and pbkdf2, and scrypt, argon2) are all various ways of slowing down the hashing process.

Similarly it is likely that md5 would be roughly as secure for protecting passwords as sha-256 when used in pbkdf2 because the known weaknesses of md5 would not be of assistance in performing a dictionary attack against a hashed password.

If you have a high-quality key then HMAC is secure without needing the hash function to be slow, so if you wanted to use a password with HMAC, you would first use a KDF to generate a high-quality key from the password, and then use the key in hmac. This is similar for any cryptographic tool that wants a high-quality key as input (i.e. most of them).

[edit2]

A shorter answer is that HMAC is secure and fast because its input key already has sufficient entropy. bcrypt is slow because its whole point is to make it difficult to attack a key with low entropy.
The Reasons We Work
Was all of that rape in Rotherham caused by newspapers? How come nobody protected those girls?
Reposting what seany wrote 4 hours ago [dead]:

You can also use the "viewer" tool to sync your project with a application shell on the device via dropbox.
There can be an awful lot of dynamic typing hiding inside C++ code bases, by the way.

C++ has very good support for dynamic typing. You can make C++ look almost like Javascript, if you want.
There are some in theoretical physics.
No, Dropbox's cafeteria didn't get a Michelin star
Less Friction Generates More Waste
Export DB Data into Excel or OpenOffice Spreadsheet Using .NET Umbraco Exporter
On Giving
Next, they proved that the C standard didn't define a programming language but a variety of rutabaga, and died of starvation by trying to eat source code listings.

Seriously. There's a basic concept involved here called "Quality Of Implementation" which effectively guarantees that the programs produced by a compiler will work as long as you stay within reasonable bounds.

Might those bounds be a bit constrained on embedded systems? Sure. Them's the breaks. However, having a stack size of zero is not worth worrying about.
Okay ... wow ... how big do the numbers need to get to bog down Mathematica?
> >considering that comprehensive testing across the entire space of possible inputs for a unit is infeasible in most cases
>
> Fortunately, it is also not necessary, as numerous studies have found.

If you know something about how some function or module works and you check the right corner cases, the only way a bug could be hiding in some of the other input combinations is if it were deliberately planted in the form of extra code, like "if the inputs are specifically x, y and z, then misbehave such and such".

For instance if we know that a 32 bit adder is made up of bunch of full adders, there are certain bit patterns we can use which tell us that the adders are working properly individually, and that they are hooked up together right. We don't have to test every A + B = C triplet, blackbox style.
I don't think there's anything in the definition of 'bag' that restricts them to being a certain size.
Is hacker news just the church of Elon now?
It's a "problem" even for people on wired net connections.

I've got ~10/1 ADSL (nominally 8 megabits on a good day). This console generation is really testing the limits of my bandwidth - Halo 5 is 60+ GB, and it doesn't help when you've got errors like http://www.iinet.net.au/status/4438711 happening. 60GB would take 16 hours which is overnight-and-a-bit.

Unfortunately the One is not fault tolerant at all. I'll turn it on in the morning and it won't have started at all (despite having the settings right for "download while in low power mode).

I can't imagine using the Xbox One as a download-only console if you're on anything less than true unlimited data (I did 400GB of XBox/Netflix content alone last month).

I should put this in a blog post at some point but I'm seeing this more and more from Microsoft and Google - assume everyone's on 100MB+ connections.

e.g.

* OneDrive has no LAN sync, placeholder files have been removed so you can't even have your files available "on demand"

* Google removing SD card support left right and centre.
Not trying to nit-pick, just trying to confirm my own understanding. But actually, accelerating a mass from 1000km/hr to 2000km/hr should take three times as much energy as from 0km/hr to 1000km/hr, right? I assume the quantity of "four times as much" was just used to get across the notion of energy being proportional to the square of velocity.
I said cheaper and larger. And that goes especially for smaller games. PC indie games would probably hurt the worst from this. Since I imagine there are far more used copies floating around than people actually playing them. When supply is greater than demand, the price goes towards zero.

It's not really strange, it's been this way for years. When have you ever been able to sell software you downloaded? Neither Apple or Google let you sell used apps, steam has never allowed used game sales, etc.

And it makes way more sense this way. You are not buying a physical object that took labor and resources to produce. A physical object that would go to waste otherwise. You are buying a bunch of bits which can be copied endlessly. There's no depreciation over time, no downside to buying used over new. No personal attachment to a specific object when you can just download it again when you want to play it. No middlemen to take a cut out of the trade so that you can just buy and sell it at exactly the same price.
I found a reference that the barge was 320 km downrange in the earlier tests. The Bahamas look to be an appropriate distance from Florida, although to the southeast of Cape Canaveral. From SpaceX's planned Texas spaceport, there's nothing at that range but gulf.
I know the US & Canada don't have a lot of consumer protections but coming from Australia this looks like a terrible policy - https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees...
Perhaps the Lunik space vehicle:

https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intellig...
I think it's a bit hasty to classify anything related to "cold fusion" as necessarily a scan and to be avoided at all costs. The science of it is not as outlandish as "infinite energy," there may be something there. But yes it any research needs to be in a credible, serious, peer reviewed manner.
This probably goes against popular HN opinion, but good. I'm glad. He's a scumbag who profited TWO HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS off content that he knew to be copyright infringing. He deserves prison time.
Beyond Disruption – on misuse of the term “disruption”
It does come off as a bit pedantic though. What it comes down to, is that this specification was written by engineers and not mathematicians. These engineers didn't really care how (in)convenient it was to write proofs about the C semantics, they cared about the language being fast and easy to implement. In practice, any real-world C implementation will allow you to call the main function without overflowing the stack, and that much is obvious, otherwise nobody would use those implementations, so it should be taken as a a given, an axiom.

Why doesn't the C standard guarantee a minimum stack size? Because there could be tiny microcontrollers with just 64 bytes of stack on which you can implement some C subset. At the same time, the standard doesn't want to define specifics of stack frame layouts, so, not knowing how much memory is available on your target machine, and not wanting to constrain how a stack frame for some source function is laid out as part of the C standard, it's impossible to compute how deep you can go on your call stack without architectural details, it's implementation dependent. It makes a lot of sense that the standard is the way it is, from an engineering point of view.
What SpaceX's new logo should be
Or, you know, make video calls in HangOuts not suck.
What are your views on how it relates to the sovereignty of a nation?
>In most companies the "Posts from the CEO" are a group effort (at my last company I wrote multiple statements that were supposedly from our CEO). What you're attributing to a single person is actually the work of many.

If it's a group effort he was being pretty deceptive by ending with "apologies for typos in the above," making it sound like he just dashed it off himself.
Are you seriously saying that showing photos of the product you are buying is childish?
It's hilarious because everyone in this sub-thread is correct. Its why I moved to an iPhone 6 and use iMessages and Facetime for all of my messaging/communications needs.

No fan boy, just someone who likes things to work when I need it. Its like Google doesn't care at all that the experience sucks.
Every time these discussions come up, people immediately come up with "other" suggestions for landing.

Parachutes, "catching" devices, etc. etc.

It all comes down to one thing, and one thing only.

Whatever the solution, it has to work on other planets with no infrastructure on that planet, and it has to leave the booster in a state that it's ready to go again with only a fuel fill up.
That's great to hear. It's hard for me to over emphasize how extremely interested I am in the social and physical architecture of human thriving. I'll be watching Common with wrapped interest.
New Zealand is a sovereign nation. One that has laws which established residency for Kim Dotcom. And one that has signed international treaties with other sovereign nations. New Zealand has used their own judicial system to reach this decision. They are behaving in accordance to their own laws and agreements they were willing participants to.

In short, there's nothing wrong here. Not in the slightest.
Seabed-Mining Robots Will Dig for Gold in Hydrothermal Vents
As the author points out, the standard does not mention stack overflow at all. From this, the author concludes an implementation that always overflows stack is conforming, therefore no strictly conforming programs exist, therefore all implementations are conforming. More reasonable conclusion is that under the current standard, implementations are not allowed to overflow stack, therefore no bounded storage conforming implementation is possible, and all current implementations are buggy. Is anyone surprised that all current implementations are buggy?

It would have been more interesting if the author discussed Microsoft’s solution to this problem, namely __try/__except and EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, which is actually used by programmers to recover from stack overflow.
If you want an alternative to the good suggestions that others have already provided, you might like the recent game "Human Resource Machine"[1], by the creators of "World Of Goo". As they describe the game:

Your office is a simple computer. ... You might describe this machine
as Harvard Architecture with a single accumulator.

Don't think of it so much as a game, but a fun interactive CPU that you program in assembler. It starts with how to use basic opcodes (I/O, math) and registers ("save a copy on the floor"). Conditional jumps (w/ an implicit flag register) are gradually added, and later puzzles use indirect addressing a lot.

[1] http://tomorrowcorporation.com/humanresourcemachine
Anything to say about trends over time or what works (as apposed to what is)?
SES already said that they're willing to be the first customer for a used booster[1].

Before they get that far, it'd be interesting to see if SpaceX flies a used engine, since they've got "one engine out" capability. Which has already been tested twice.

1: http://spacenews.com/spacex-early-adopter-ses-ready-to-reuse...
I'm not sure why those are mutually exclusive. I typically work a standard 9-6 schedule, and I'm always a little dozy after lunch; a 20-minute nap in my chair saves a couple hours of blearily forgetting what I was doing.
Don't conflate lawful/unlawful with right/wrong -- it always leads to incoherent positions.
Even in the private sector, I assume that "call for pricing" is another way to say "If you have to ask, you can't afford it", and I often skip those vendors if I can't find even ballpark pricing - just tell me if it's $5 a seat or $500 a seat we can work out the exact pricing later.
I was wondering about that too. It would be cool if they could launch from somewhere south of San Antonio, TX on the water, and land in Florida so it doesn't fly over land mass for safety reasons.
I don't believe copyright infringement should be extraditable.
The Happy Home Company Raises $3.5M to Make Home Maintenance Easier
>It’s hard now to know how consistent his use of corporal punishment was with standard practice at the time.

The quoted Wittgenstein biography of Monk (highly recommended!) actually has a comment on that:

>Another girl who was weak at mathematics remembers that one day Wittgenstein pulled her hair so hard that when she later combed it a lot of it fell out. [...] It was not that the villagers disapproved of corporal punishment, nor that such methods of discipline were at all unusual, despite Glöckel’s recommendations. However, though it was accepted that an unruly boy should have his ears boxed if he misbehaved, it was not expected that a girl who could not grasp algebra should receive the same treatment.

Location 419.4/1469 in my ebook copy

So, at least according to Monk, Wittgenstein's methods of corporal punishment were according to the times when it came to male students, but not according to the times when it came to female students, especially when it's about mathematics.
Founder here! Keep in mind that we provide laundry, utilities, and shared kitchen and bathroom supplies. We also host a lot of dinners and shared events / meals / etc for the community.

It's also month-to-month and furnished.
China has made obedience to the State a game
This just feels like a waste of taxpayer money, is Kim Dotcom worth extraditing?
Perhaps playing Devil's Advocate here a little bit and without knowing their local laws - however wouldn't the route still be, and all that is obligated by MegaUpload, to respond to official DMCA-like requests? I don't want to assume that he knows what Dexter is, nor that it wasn't the copyright holder who uploaded it.
Rossi is a known liar. He has been jailed for it.

It has been far too long for independent confirmation of the claim. After all, it's in his best interest to be proven correct.

He is a fraud. The fact that he's taken outside investment means he's a convincing fraud. And that is how he puts food on his table.

Not from commercializing his 'findings.'

He'd be a wealthy man indeed, years ago, had this turned out to be true.

It's thus in his best interest to line up/support independent verification -- for years now -- and yet no independent verification exists.

Move on, it's bunk.
Hey 'samuell, I think you meant,

func NewProcess() *A-Process {
....
I've not.
The name for the concern about infringement upon sovereignty by arresting a citizen, in this case, in another state is "extraterritoriality".

There is a presumption against extraterritoriality. In other words, it is presumed that in a sovereign state the laws of other sovereigns do not apply.

The exception to the presumption against extraterritoriality is agreement among states or a reciprocal judicial respect. The agreement is usually a treaty. The reciprocal respect is called "comity".

There are other exceptions to the presumption against extraterritoriality, but I do not think they apply here.

I have not looked at the details, but New Zealand and the U.S.A. must have an extradition treaty or otherwise the judge determining extradition believes that the judicial system in the U.S.A. is "comparable" (i.e. comity applies).

The case looks appealable. So long as the independence of the judiciary is not impugned, neither is the sovereignty of New Zealand, and they may extradite as they feel fit.
LENR, if possible, will have a much bigger impact on global economy - may even transform the way economies works. Its not just clean energy, but think about the impacts of artificial transmutation.

Also if LENR is possible, it also means that some or all of the biological life possesses this capacity and it could be an undiscovered fundamental natural occurrence.

BUT - all of this sounds too good to be true :(
Fundamental discoveries have pretty much slowed down and it is very natural to be skeptical about these.
The most obvious one was a persistent (and wild) XSS vuln on yahoo mail accounts that seemingly couldn't be fixed in 2012, 2013, and some argue it's still present in 2015.
Mitigating DoS Attacks with Nginx
Should be locked up next door to the guys that started YouTube.
Exactly this. I generally begin my projects as private GitHub repos and then make them public once they have a MVP-quality demo of some sort.

I also make heavy use of GitHub's issues/milestones system, even on private repos, to keep myself organized. I'd probably use GitLab a lot more if I knew of an easy way to port issues and milestones over to GitHub when I decide to make a project public.

On a related note, can anyone recommend some good external issue tracking systems that integrates well with both GitLab and GitHub?
This reminds me of a fantastic picture of Kim Dotcom: http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2014/04/kim-dotcom-is-tot...

It is over-the-top and ridiculous--just like Kim Dotcom.
So this is apparently from earlier in the year, but doesn't seem to have been discussed here before?

I'll come out and say it: I disagree with this completely, and the "solution" suggested (a config file) is honestly worse (and has a lot more risks).

My work for clients is a mix of web app development and ops/infrastructure - the single best improvement that I ask client dev's to do (regardless of what I'm doing for them) is to start using Env Vars for environment specific stuff.

Sometimes it takes a while for developers who are used to projects with a single config file, committed to the repo, and thus using the same db credentials for all environments, local dev, shared dev, staging, prod - but ultimately it makes things so much easier.

In particular I thought it was quite odd to complain about Env Vars being a "hack" to get around limitations, immediately before explaining that a popular (I guess?) app server for ruby/rails has some caveats when reloading env vars.

> However, this method (Env vars) is just a hack to get around their file system limitations and can cause unexpected problems.

> When using environment variables with Unicorn, hot restarts don't pick up changes to environment variables.

Pot, kettle, black, etc.

> All gems used and sub-processes launched have access to all variable values, so if any of them log or transmit the output of 'export' or ‘env’, your private data can be exposed.

If the sub-process/code doesn't need access to the environment variables, reset the environment the process starts in.

If the sub-process/code does need access to the environment variables, shouldn't you be actually reviewing what it does and how it works?
I swear there are sooo many propaganda believers that I see whenever China-related articles posted. It's always like "The Bay Area has stupid safety regulations wahhh I want to be dominated by a brutal regime, it's not so bad anyway."
What was the method for determining the value of the loss?
How does the prison term benefit those who were the victim of his crime? imho Seems more of a civil rather than criminal issue. I guess the threat of prison could be seen as a deterrent to others.
I really wish people would stop discarding the idea of nickel-hydrogen cold fusion just because Rossi has a bad reputation. So I am happy when I see cautiously positive articles like this one.

Firstly, those who research this domain are fully aware that cold fusion is impossible according to theoretical physics. But experiments trump theory. And as I have written about it 4 years ago (http://blog.zorinaq.com/?e=61) the fact is there are experiments conducted by multiple other groups of researchers that demonstrate anomalous heat being produced by nickel-hydrogen cells. Not only this anomalous heat cannot be explained by current physics but there are clues that nuclear fusion is taking place (some nickel atoms being transformed into copper atoms). Unfortunately the controversy about this entire area of research is amplified by the fact that many of these experiments are very hard to reproduce.

Research has made some progress over the last 4 years, and my opinion has not changed: whatever mechanism is taking place, it seems to be able to unleash fantastic amounts of energy from very little material. We just need more researchers to look at into it and understand it.
As a kiwi. This entire case makes me sick. This should have been thrown out of court a long time ago. This is a political move and nothing else. It's NZ on its knees sucking off the United States. From day 1 it's been illegal. Hidden process, and laws changed to make the process more legal. I hate my country now.
When the KKK Was a Pyramid Scheme