skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The clothing bit was the only thing that surprised me, in the Netherlands I feel women's clothing is incredibly, ridiculously cheap. My gf buys solid branded 30 euro pants, mine start at 40 and are shitty, solid branded pants start at 70-80, for example. The difference is pretty huge. Buying decent formal wear for work is much more expensive for men, both the shoes and the suit I feel. For some decent leather shoes I'm spending upwards of 150 euros, gf walks around in stylish 30 euro leather short heels that are fine quality, 80 euros would be considered expensive but long lasting for her.

I know it's anecdotal, but I've talked about this with friends quite often and they all say it. And men's floors are usually singular, too, the other 2-3 floors are all for women, with one especially for girls. The competition for women's clothing is so strong it's pushing prices down. Thought it'd be no different in the US. Not just shops either, second hand markets for girls are insane, you'll easily buy pants for 2 euros at the ijhallen (popular fleamarket in Amsterdam, mostly for girls age 19-26 or so) that cost 30 euros in the shop a year ago, and have the same quality as a guys' 80 euro pants haha. It's crazy.

Then there's the laundry, I've never heard of that before either, nor seen it. Different prices for hairdressers though is very common here though, in fact certain gender-only hairdressers are pretty much the majority. All the other stuff like razors, a more expensive 'female version' of a toy etc is really familiar, too.0
This is pretty gross:
"Ericsson has more than 100 patent licensing agreements and holds about 37,000 patents for mobile communication."
The title needs a colon or something. Right now it reads like only women involved in Gender Studies pay more for stuff.

The article is pretty interesting. There are a few stark contrasts where you see the exact same item costing twice as much in pink than red.

I think there is an interesting philosophical debate to be had here (which the article implies, but doesn't address): Is this gender-based price discrimination? I'm going to contend: no.

First of all, I think the article falls into some kind of Political Correctness trap by claiming that certain products are for boys and others are for girls. Why couldn't a boy want the pink scooter? Why couldn't a girl want red?

Building on that, if we see the pink one as "girls" and the red one as "boys" then it does look like discrimination. However, if we view the red one as "neutral/base color" and the pink one as a less popular "color option" it seems less like discrimination and more like paying for a unique customization. Do we know there isn't a blue scooter priced the same as pink?

Let's look at the jeans. Are the Men's and women's jeans actually the same? Probably not. I'm guessing the women's jeans are cut much differently. When I was in Boy Scouts I (male, with typical male proportions) bought the "Adult Womens'" uniform because it was cut different and fit me better. I didn't actually notice the price because that was back in the glory days of my parents buying me stuff, but I would have chosen the "womens'" uniform even if it were twice the price.

The conclusion states:

> DCA found, on average, that women pay approximately 7 percent more than men for similar products. Products’ price differences based on gender are largely inescapable for female consumers simply due to the product offerings available in the market.

This seems fundamentally contradictory to me. If the products are sufficiently similar but priced differently, why would women buy the "women's version?" What makes it "inescapable?" If product A is so much better than product B, such that buying Product A is "inescapable," I'd expect a difference of more than 7% in price.
http://cryptome.org/2013/11/snowden-tally.htm is one of the places trying to track Snowden document releases.
No, it follows directly from the fact that the positive integers are well-ordered, i.e., any set of positive integers has a least element.

And in case one is tempted to think that well-ordering and divisibility are somehow equivalent, consider Presburger arithmetic[1]. It's not even possible to define a general notion of divisibility or primality in that context, but I'm almost positive the well-ordering principle holds (it's equivalent to the axiom schema of induction).

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presburger_arithmetic
I really like your result. The colors especially make it hard for me to believe a computer made that.
I'm fairly sure that most car company employees in Germany are represented by a union, the IG Metall. Germany's car industry is still doing fine.
That's a very interesting project. The field desperately needs an alternative to z-tree and psychtoolbox. JS web app seems like a great solution!

I' wrapping up my PhD in neuroEcon at USC. I've started a company to help developers use neuro/econ/psych findings to improve their apps. Let me know when you're done with your post-doc. I might have some applied research questions you'd find interesting.
> people find the easiest and cheapest ways to protect profit. Delivering actual value is neither easy, nor cheap.

Isn't using patents and other anticompetitive protections easier and cheaper than delivering value? Sounds like you are agreeing that the patent system is bad.
Didn't say it should be most expensive. But that I'd expect it to be more expensive than wifi/cellular chips. My expectation may be wrong but that's what it is.

From the iphone5s it was $19 for the A7 but $32 for the wireless section. It may not be as bad anymore. But for quite a few releases the wireless parts seemed unnecessarily expensive.

https://technology.ihs.com/451425/groundbreaking-iphone-5s-c...
AWS-Shell – An Integrated Shell for Working with the AWS CLI
> since threads spinning on a spinlock are always runnable, this means that if there's enough high-QOS threads waiting on a lock held by a lower-QOS thread, the thread that owns the lock will never execute.

Is this true? OSSpinLock (at least on OS X) calls thread_switch for 1ms every 1024 iterations (which as far as I understand is basically sleeping[1]). Presumably it's not runnable while it's sleeping?

After 100 * 1024 iterations it will also ask to be throttled to the lowest priority for 1ms, again with thread_switch.

[1] http://web.mit.edu/darwin/src/modules/xnu/osfmk/man/thread_s...
Yup, this one is way easier to use and very cross-language compatible.
> Price discrimination in no way implies a conspiracy nor any ill-intent on the part of the company.

It was implied by the commissioner and really, the article as a whole:

"DCA Commissioner Julie Menin, who launched the investigation this summer, said the numbers show an insidious form of gender discrimination."

Not only that, there wasn't any price discrimination to begin with. In your example, people are being charged different prices for the same good. That is definitely price discrimination and attempts to segment the market, you're right.

But that's not happening. They're trying to build an equivalence between different goods. There are many reasons that doesn't work. Another comment here did a fantastic job of explaining why. See above.
> Dead Wake: The Last Crossing of the Lusitania by Erik Larson

Second this one. Larson can really write history to be a page turner.
They can help protect you from getting screwed over while the execs walk away with millions.
I also found it bland; it became repetitive and dull. Problem, exposition of solution, repeat. The character interaction, by the nature of the plot, was pretty minimal and almost all the problems were technical - there was very little inter-character conflict or character development. At the end of the novel, everyone was pretty much the same as they were at the beginning. The journey was entirely physical, and the dangers were personal.

I am befuddled that you say the characters were superbly fleshed out; I found them rather two-dimensional, and some of them clearly existed only because there needed to be more people hanging around.
No Internet connection, no program, no writing.
This one: https://bmfa.org/

There are three tiers that I remember. A, B, and C. You get insurance through the BMFA, and an A licence allows you to fly solo. B is required for performing at shows. C is for bigger models and teaching/exams etc (iirc).
When a Unicorn Startup Stumbles, Its Employees Get Hurt

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10785200

When a Unicorn Startup Stumbles, Its Employees Get Hurt

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10785223

When a Unicorn Startup Stumbles, Its Employees Get Hurt

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10785286
Ah, yeah, but it's super-rare from my experience. YMMV of course.
Particle simulation made into computer art
2016 Blockchain Predictions and Identity: ConsenSys Weekly
> WEP and WPA are completely different protocols.

Nope, I'm not thinking of WPA/WPA2; I'm just destroyed here by a lack of my own ability to properly communicate things sometimes.

At the high level, "SSL" is a term for an obsolete standard that encrypts connections, protocols be damned, supplanted by the term and the protocol changes that make up TLS. WEP is an obsolete standard for encrypting wireless connections (so is WPA), and WPA2 is the newest version. However, often we'll hear technical and non-technical people talk about how they implement "SSL" even though that's not technically the correct term to use anymore. Rarely do people use "WEP" to mean WPA.

Does that make more sense?
> On the other hand, most people who work at startups aren't interested in money. If that's you, that's totally cool!

If that's you, you're an idiot.
Just curious why you found "Zero to One" to be a philosophy book? Despite its academic approach, it was surprisingly practical even if not many startups/entrepreneurs would find it accessible right away in their first venture.
There have been several editions of the Global Trends reports, all interesting both for what they got right and what they got wrong. Please note that the reports are not "predictions" but "forecasts". The methodology tries to identify trends and drivers that are thought to be significant in the evolving future. For a few of them, scenarios are created to explore how different interacting trends and drivers might create a future.

HN readers interested in learning more about forecasting might read Philip Tetlock's book, Superforecasting, http://www.amazon.com/Superforecasting-The-Art-Science-Predi..., which has been justifiably on many must read lists.
A great explanation of why freedomBox is necessary and important is the keynote from Eben Moglen at Fosdem (Free and Open Source European Meeting) 2011.

Why Political Liberty Depends on Software Freedom More Than Ever

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BSLBvwyUEs

Transcript / Highlights / More https://wiki.debian.org/FreedomBox/TalksAndPresentations#A20...:

Really worth watching.
Nice... I've always assumed that that's just the title link, in a different form.

Feature suggestion: change the text to 'search' instead of 'web'.
I have several friends and acquaintances whose exits as founders were in the $5-500 M gross exit value range -- far from a Google / FB outcome.

Those people all made an entire career's worth of money, or more, all at once* and with capital gains tax treatment to boot. (* well, after an earnout / lockup)

They also exclusively held common shares.

The deciding factor is whether their exit value was a meaningful multiple of the invested capital. If you raise $100 M and sell for $100 M then it's hardly fair to expect a windfall. If you raise $50k and sell for $5 M it's very fair to expect a meaningful personal outcome.
wow, I just noticed that, shows how carefully I've been paying attention!
Elizabeth Holmes of Theranos has a great quote on this, paraphrased by former Secretary of State George Shultz:

"...the best patent is making yourself obsolete. So the person who steals your patent steals yesterday’s technology..." [0]

[0] http://fortune.com/2014/06/12/theranos-blood-holmes/
Here in California, you'd take home about $125. So if you invest $100K in a "startup" then you'd have $25K to live on.

So I think someone is pulling our leg.
- Armada: Ernest Cline - Very disappointing and predictable ... but much improved (although still bad) if you take the interpretation that everything that happens after he almost beats someone's head in with a tire iron happens inside his head during his full-on psychotic break. You can push some of the earlier events into being clues towards that, mix in his father's conspiracy theory insanity for a genetic component, and then view everything that happens as purely a story he tells himself, fuelled by his obsession with eighties sf. It's a push, but it makes it a better book (although still pretty bad) :)
I'd imagine the same can be said for trying on clothes. The more clothes are tried on, the more they are worn out, resulting in loss.

Part of this problem, though, is the company's fault. To this day I can never make sense out of the "sizes" that appear on women's clothes. My wife's closet has size numbers that vary by 5! We are almost exactly the same size, but my jeans say "30/30", meaning 30" waste, 30" length (at least, that's what I think they mean) and since my weight doesn't ever fluctuate, I have the same size jeans spanning 10 years. Her jeans, same brand, which perfectly fit me (to the point that I mistakenly have worn them) have a single number on them.

I rarely try things on and I don't think I've ever returned clothes because of a bad fit. I've been the same size since High School and I know if I buy a 15 shirt and a 30/30 pair of pants, they'll be within an acceptable margin of error that they'll fit. She can pick out a 4 or a 7 and not have any idea if it's going to fit.
The difference is that in that case the bug never makes it out to the end user.

Apple writes a new API. It has a problem. You try to adopt it, it doesn't work. You don't just ship that, you do something else.

Unpleasant, but doesn't hit the user.
Did Apple seriously silently change all programs to use what seems to be real-time scheduling?

That obviously breaks the whole system, spinlocks or not (threads doing long CPU-bound computations will block everything else).
It might be worse in some ways, but I'm really referring to the fact that I had to go to a specific group of people (a club) and request information. They gave me the best quality information. The same probably would've happened if I went to a aeromodelling shop (back then the nearest one was an hour drive away).

I went Christmas shopping today and saw various £200+ drones for sale in high street shops. You can walk in, buy one, and walk out no questions asked.

Great in many ways, terrible in others. It gives no opportunity to raises issues about liability and the fact that these things are not really toys.

One of the first things I learnt at my club was just how easily a prop will take off your finger (by way of a carrot). They are not toys.
Marshmallow is also my favourite lib of the year. Pyramid guys love it too! The developer is responsive, and the library moves really fast!
Yeah I always assumed it was just a duplicate of the title due to its nondescript appearance. Changing it to 'search' or something similar would be much better.
> Consumers don't care, until some listicle website or advertising firm points out that Amazon/Apple short you on your mp3s by not even offering 128kbps all the way through.

A 128kbps threshold is a holdover from the days of MP3s, WinAMP, ripping your CDs, and technically-savvy early adopter consumers. The average consumer is content to stream and doesn't know or care about bitrate, and the phrase "not even 128kbps" would be meaningless most readers.
The estimated price of the high performance chipset and the licensing costs of the IP are different things. Either way it's a small price to pay for international standards that just work. The iPhone would be pretty worthless if it only worked with wireless IP invented by Apple.
Question: If you are a share holder (e.g. you've converted say 1 option to stock. Do you not get access to the outside appraisals?
I didn't go into OSSpinLock specifics because I didn't want the distraction. The naive spinlock shown in the post certainly is always runnable. OSSpinLock's behavior helps with priority inversions, but it doesn't solve the issue with QOS. If there's enough threads of a high QOS blocked on an OSSpinLock it can still livelock. Only truly unbounded backoff can solve that in all cases, but that can lead to high-QOS threads being delayed for a long time (according to the Apple engineer it could result in "tens of seconds" of delay, which is obviously not acceptable for a high-QOS thread).
It would be nice if this link also appeared when you are not logged in.
arbitrage314:

Aren't you just lowering your risk, while simultaneously lowering your reward?

Eg, let's say you negotiate a 20k/year increase by not getting any stock options. If you spend that 20k to invest in their next round, you'll be paying for preferred shares, rather than common shares. Therefore, you'll be able to afford about 5x less shares than if you were exercising employee grants. Am I wrong?

Sure, you'll get preferred shares, but if the company does very well, your ultimate reward will be less.
Great writeup. Brings me back to my OS class... fun times :)
tqdm does have ipython notebook support :). Progress is displayed in stderr field under cell. But no progress bar AFAIR, just textual information.
The most egregious and common one I hear is back-loading options vesting (e.g., vest 5% in 1st year, 10% next year, etc) - note that Amazon already does this, though standard is still linear. Dragging out the frequency of vesting is also common to try and create as many unvested options as possible when an employee chooses to leave the company.

One big takeaway I've had from these conversations is how many founders do not see equity as compensation earned, but as some sort of gift to be granted to the virtuous and loyal.

It's a little depressing that the frank answer to "why not vest quarterly" has been "because if they leave we don't get as many options back". It's interesting that we never think about cash compensation that way but do for equity compensation.
"The Righteous Mind" - Jonathan Haidt. This book helped me understand conservative thinking, made me less heated in my opinions, and provided a convincing framework for me to understand moral arguments

"Emperor of All Maladies" - Siddhartha Mukherjee. An excellently written history of cancer.

"Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage" - Lansing Alfred. A true story of one of the last great explorations man has taken
Interesting that Juniper merely claims that putting in a backdoor or working with others to do the same is against their policy. They seem to be avoiding saying a very simple, clear statement: "We never have and never will intentionally compromise the security of or put backdoors into our products, whether for ourselves or on behalf of a third party". That they can't come out and say that makes their claims suspect.
"Sharing platform for who lives in the same neighborhood" is literally NextDoor.
If a decent pilot is following the existing rules/recommendations, then they won't be flying over people, or at least anyone other than themselves, so when something goes wrong, they are extremely unlikely to hurt anyone.
That looks great, I've built similar things myself and it's great to find someone elses I can use.
What I'd like to see is "An Approach to Incremental Compiler Construction", i.e., a compiler that outputs code which evaluates its input incrementally wrt. previous inputs.
You seem to be of the belief that engineering is constrained not by reality, but by imagination. Are you a product manager, by chance?
> political freedom from authority is only ever won via extreme violence.

Eh, that's the most extreme end. Political freedom from authority is won by having more power, period. That power can come in many forms, but at its most primal can come from having the capability of lethal force. The power of a representative government is supposed to be in being able to vote out those that are destroying you, not in you having to take up arms to solve the issue.
"In January, Apple, which is based in Cupertino, Calif., filed a lawsuit in a U.S. district court seeking a ruling that it wasn’t infringing on seven of Ericsson’s patents."

For those curious, I believe that these are the 7 patents in question:

1. 6445917 - Mobile station measurements with event-based reporting [1]

2. 6985474 - Random access in a mobile telecommunications system [2]

3. 7660417 - Enhanced security design for cryptography in mobile communication systems [3]

4. 8023990 - Uplink scheduling in a cellular system [4]

5. 8036150 - Method and a device for improved status reports [5]

6. 8169992 - Uplink scrambling during random access [6]

7. 8214710 - Methods and apparatus for processing error control messages in a wireless communication system [7]

[1] https://patents.google.com/patent/US6445917B1/en

[2] https://patents.google.com/patent/US6985474B2/en

[3] https://patents.google.com/patent/US7660417B2/en

[4] https://patents.google.com/patent/US8023990B2/en

[5] https://patents.google.com/patent/US8036150B2/en

[6] https://patents.google.com/patent/US8169992B2/en

[7] https://patents.google.com/patent/US8214710B2/en
The user knows the program worked yesterday, before (s)he upgraded the OS. Correlation is not causation, but I think you will get more hits googling "<OS> update breaks <application name>" than googling "<OS> update uncovers bugs in <application name>" for whatever currently used choices you pick for "<OS>" and "<application name>".
> may do nothing more than compensate an employee for the salary difference.

if that.

of course this is HN so that's entirely reasonable because founding a company is a massive risk but being employee number 5 at a company that might go under in 3 months is fine.
It's been like this for over a year at this point. The whole system appears to still work.
It's kind of interesting to see the direct physical effect of a beam of neutrons, which is just radiation, versus an invisible field of cancer causing radiation. Total exposure might be the same, but if of sufficient density, ie, a quick bursty beam, you get a zombie hand..and well, probably blood poisoning, etc etc. Definitely interesting from a epidemiological standpoint, too bad no studies were ever done.
> "lowering" ... "desugaring"

"expansion"?

".... syntax it expands to"
Agreed. I couldn't figure it out at all without navigating around a bit. Someone with some HTML/CSS ability should attempt to donate some time to fixing this web page's messaging issues to get the product across better, to those technical or otherwise.
Indian Numbering System
Ah, okay. I misunderstood the intention of your original example, then. My bad.

In order to prevent further embarrassing myself, I'm going to tell you how I (currently) understand your design, and, if I'm wrong, please tell me: Your "pipeline" isn't actually connecting the processes to each other. You first connect the processes to each other, and only then add them to a "pipeline", whose primary (only?) responsibility is to ensure that each process runs in a different goroutine.

This much doesn't really need parametric polymorphism, let alone generalized algebraic data types. However, calling it "pipeline" is kind of misleading, because the actual "piping" (connecting processes to each other) is handled elsewhere. In fact, using your "pipeline" abstraction, you could perfectly well run a bunch of processes that aren't connected to each other at all.

Is my understanding correct?
Was it a hardware patent? All software patents aggression is basically patent trolling.
>the FAA does not distinguish between an RC aircraft and a drone.

Which is kinda funny, because congress have expressly forbidden the FAA from rulemaking about rc aircraft. the FAA have gone and tried anyway.
Rocket Reusability: The Key to Making Human Life Multi-Planetary