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Similar lens-free "computational photography" techniques have been described for super-resolution microscopy (see below).

In conventional imaging, lenses resolve a sharp image of the target onto the sensor by focusing just the light emitted by the target within the lens' "focal plane" (a volume in front of the lens determined by the width of its aperture and the wavelength of the light passing through it) while blurring light from everywhere else into background noise. One can think of this system as amplifying certain information (the light from the focal plane) while filtering out other information (the light from everywhere else) from the total input light.

In other words, the images formed by lenses are lossy by design. This isn't practically a problem at macroscales, but at microscales the focal plane becomes extremely thin (micron-scale), oftentimes 1/100th as thick as the sample being imaged. To image large cells, for instance, a microscopist might be forced to capture tens or hundreds of images of the sample from different focal lengths (a "z-stack"), then deconvolve them to generate an image in which most/all of the sample is in focus.

Anyway, I think these new techniques are interesting because they fundamentally attempt to capture more of the "information" present in the incident light. The lens does not capture an "image" that can be directly visualized, but rather a more full representation of the wave-field of all the incident light. Generating a conventional image from the raw data requires sophisticated additional processing.

The Ozcan lab has published some really neat (and eminently DIYable) work in this area:

"Lensfree On-chip Tomographic Microscopy Employing Multi-angle Illumination and Pixel Super-resolution", Serhan O. Isikman, Waheb Bishara, and Aydogan Ozcan. J Vis Exp. 2012; (66): 4161. doi: 10.3791/4161. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3487288/

"Existing 3D optical imagers generally have relatively bulky and complex architectures, limiting the availability of these equipments to advanced laboratories, and impeding their integration with lab-on-a-chip platforms and microfluidic chips. To provide an alternative tomographic microscope, we recently developed lensfree optical tomography (LOT) as a high-throughput, compact and cost-effective optical tomography modality. 7 LOT discards the use of lenses and bulky optical components, and instead relies on multi-angle illumination and digital computation to achieve depth-resolved imaging of micro-objects over a large imaging volume. LOT can image biological specimen at a spatial resolution of <1 μm x <1 μm x <3 μm in the x, y and z dimensions, respectively, over a large imaging volume of 15-100 mm3, and can be particularly useful for lab-on-a-chip platforms."

Also see http://spie.org/newsroom/technical-articles-archive/3979-mul...
Absolutely, but will any of those systems reach comparable cost per kW any time soon?
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I've built a similar system as well. Raw data compressed and stored in s3, but aggregations are stored in postgres. Data stored in Postgres is compressed binary representation of a histogram and I added few C functions in postgres to do things like select x,y, histogram_percentile(histogram_merge(data), 99) group by x,y etc..
Shuffle is closer to a flash game really, so I doubt it would hold their attention that long.
nbody here.

Note the Android Lite version 2.0 somehow ended up in Occulus mode in the final APK. A fix is uploading to Google play now!

I have no idea how to even turn that on in Unity - so it's a bit of a puzzle!
He is now employed by Apple.
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The owner of those 1.1 million bitcoins can cash them out easily enough - without ever selling a single coin onto the open market. Walk into the offices of Andreessen Horowitz and tell them you want out. Those million bitcoins would be extremely valuable to anyone looking to build a large foundation of businesses around bitcoin.
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You are right when looking at the true P99 of the whole distribution. Then the P99 will always have the same value. The problem arises when estimating a distribution from incomplete data.

E.g. estimating the P99 from 200 data points each will give you a large variation. In this case averaging will be wrong. This gets worse if you experience bunching. E.g. a server will have a high ping on several packets when the load is high; after that it will have a low ping for thousands of packets when the load is low. Here, it just doesn't work.

Instead, you can get a better result by adding the (estimated) histograms and resampling the quantiles from the combined distribution function.

Here I've written how that works with a live demonstration:
http://www.siegfried-kettlitz.de/blog/posts/2015/11/28/linlo...
My home insurance includes legal cover in case I wanted to sue my employer for almost any reason, or if I am sued by them(up to half a million pounds, so ~$750k).
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But the raw data isn't everything either, it's usually just a sample. The analysis of it is there to explain what the data means.

If you're saying that people should provide the full data along with their analysis, I fully agree! But if you're saying "skip the analysis", then unfortunately I, and most people, are not statistically educated enough to do all the analysis ourselves.
There is a vast literature on some simplifications: Circular Restricted Three Body (two bodies in a fixed orbit, third subject to their field) and even two fixed points (Euler Problem). Even here there are complex orbits.

Maybe an app unto itself!
Probably because otherwise you cannot choose between stripping out references, or not doing that (by using auto& for instance)?
Too bad it's only almost 1% of the total population.
Have you ever torrented files you didn't legally own?
Say, pirated a movie and watched with family and friends?
Same here in Melbourne. Tried to get a cab from cbd to office last week. Thought it would be easy to get a cab as so many around. Nope. None would stop. Uber it was, arrived a few minutes later (and $13.50 vs usual $25 for cab).

Work Christmas party last week used a cab app as Uber was surging to ~2x. Did have to offer a $10 tip in the cab app to get one to accept.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10697567
You really think it's NIMBY concerns that's stopping China deploying these?
I have a sense of what common words are. I can enter a mode where it's as if I can't see them. I just see extremely specific words. Names. Places. Things. If the meaning of these objects is obvious, then I can mostly ignore ambiguities in the construction of the sentence. I just move on. When ambiguity explodes I backtrack and read sequentially. I think it's basically just thorough skimming. Also that the continuous resolution of ambiguity is a trained (massively parallel?) skill.
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Weird.. it does for me too now.
In drug cases, aren't someone's assets all seized?
These articles always seem to be written like "introverts" are a separate sentient species and not a purely descriptive label.

Actually, the whole introvert vs extrovert thing reads like astrology more than anything else.
What a weird ass article, I mean from the guardian - writing paragraph over paragraph of gossip from somebody who barely knows the man (their landlord), because somebody has not paid their taxes on time?
https://news.ycombinator.com/showhn.html
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Yet HN totally feels like Reddit recently (mostly the Ask HN topics)
Do you have a reference?
Yeah, it wasn't really written with any sense of getting the other side to understand, just saying what introverts want. As an introvert I found it a little off-putting.
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If anyone wants to know more about container ships and while they're so critical to global industry, read "The Box" by Marc Levinson. It was on Bill Gates' reading list a few years back. A bit dense, but fascinating.

http://www.amazon.com/The-Box-Shipping-Container-Smaller-ebo...
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According to the article, he was very aware of the investigation: tax officers interviewed him about his bitcoin assets.
Thanks for sharing. Only around 18% of adults in the world receive a salary into an account. In places where employers have made the switch from cash to electronic, it's not uncommon for staff to complain that they've been overpaid, sometimes by as much as 50%.

Too much cash goes missing between employer and employee. It's expensive being poor, but being unbanked makes it a whole lot worse.
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I'm surprised M-Pesa hasn't entered Congo, seems a real opportunity there for a recognised and trusted mobile banking service.
benihana made good points IMO. A couple PG-13 words doesn't warrant a ban.
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He is human.
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Microsoft paid my entire relocation expense and I never (directly) saw a bill or paid a dime for it. I know Qualcomm does the same thing. I was on the hook for a year - if I quit before one year was up, I owed Microsoft some pro-rated amount of money.

In 1999 or 2000 I turned down an offer from Microsoft, and they asked if I owned a house and if I needed Microsoft to buy that house to get me to say yes. I don't know how that would have worked, but it was an impressive offer.
I'm sure you're already aware, but it's worth noting that Nintendo produce a 3DS aimed at children called the 2DS. There are two key features of the 2DS.

1. No 3D screen. Nintendo warns about the effects of a 3D screen on a child's eyesight.

2. No hinge! Less chance of being broken by folding it back too far etc. Children tend to wear the hinges out on these things.
I disagree with you. Look at this list of HN stories that are categorized as "best". Notice the date/timestamps of these. Many programming/tech related stuff posted recently

https://news.ycombinator.com/best

also, hacker news is not intended to be only about tech or startups. It is about anything that good hackers find interesting.

I am very happy with how HN works overall. Can it improve ? Sure. But I wouldn't ditch it today for anything else. Just my 2 cents.
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I have read about this in the past, to qualify for H1B you can add number of years in college(max. 3 in case of drop out) + years of experience in the related work(job you are applying for).

3 years of work experience constitutes to 1 year of college degree. Hope this helps
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Both crazy not to try and do it in house for the cost. Those guys are charging 15% and say you won't get it if you do it yourself. Any confident business person should be able to. It is meant to be self administered. It is a huge profit center for the likes of KPMG.
Yes, you have to spend the money though so youll still be down 55K, it doesnt count to things like capital purchases.
Even P99 estimates averaged from many tiny samples are at most inaccurate, they won't be biased.

The problem you talk about is one of granularity: you don't want to know how bad things are in general, you want to know how bad things are when they are actually bad. That's perfectly legitimate, but it's a different metric altogether that just happens to also be based off of the 99th percentile. It depends on your definition of "the distribution".

This probably sounds like nitpicking, but people should know what they're talking about when they call out others for being wrong.
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Sounds very interesting, but I left my credit card at home.
We've had a talk yesterday about OpenMRS, check it out if you're interested: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C2QOTl7Al4
Location: Portugal

Remote: Yes

Willing to relocate: Discussable

Technologies: JavaScript, HTML, CSS. Frameworks: Backbone.js, AngularJS. Others: SASS, tooling (Grunt and Gulp)

Résumé/CV: http://goo.gl/tF0qjH

Email: [My HN username] [at] gmail [dot] com

I'm a product-oriented UX researcher, PhD, favoring work with users (ethnographic-oriented methods such as job shadowing, contextual interviews). I can help you gather valuable and valid insight regarding your potential users and turn it into actionable requirements and improvements. If you want to make sure you're creating a product for real users and their real needs, I'd be very happy to help.
Currently most of my job is front-end web development (8 years experience, currently working in a large-ish Angular application interacting with a M2M/IoT solution).
I have no idea what you're smoking, but I'd like some of that, please. If they had developed their own system, they would be absolutely incompatible with standard systems and have to reinvent everything, while now they can just build on what's already there. The slight specific advantage of doing one or two things differently is massively overshadowed by the advantage of being able to coöperate and exchange data easily with the rest of the world.
SEEKING WORK | Location: Portugal / Remote

Technologies: JavaScript, HTML, CSS. Frameworks: Backbone.js, AngularJS. Others: SASS, tooling (Grunt and Gulp).
Résumé/CV: http://goo.gl/tF0qjH

Email: [My HN username] [at] gmail [dot] com

I'm a product-oriented UX researcher, PhD, favoring work with users (ethnographic-oriented methods such as job shadowing, contextual interviews). I can help you gather valuable and valid insight regarding your potential users and turn it into actionable requirements and improvements. If you want to make sure you're creating a product for real users and their real needs, I'd be very happy to help.
Currently most of my job is front-end web development (8 years experience, currently working in a large-ish Angular application interacting with a M2M/IoT solution).
So what you're advocating for here is an eternal september of terrible respiratory problems as people perpetually find these products for sale?
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M-Pesa just launched in Ghana this week. I’m sure other countries will follow. Nevertheless, there is lots of evidence to suggest that it’s not necessarily a silver bullet. While it did work really well in Kenya, Safaricom and Vodafone have had a lot of difficulty replicating it elsewhere.

You could reasonably argue that it has barely been successful outside Kenya. Part of the problem relates to the unique market position they had at the time of launch in Kenya. With more than 60% market share, their policy of keeping it as a walled garden (their economic rationale for launching MPesa at the time was that it was actually a retention tool for customers and so opening it up didn’t make sense to them) didn’t reduce its usefulness.

In other markets where they have more ‘normal’ market shares, this walled garden approach has really impacted their ability to expand. As anyone that has tried to launch a new social network will tell you, network effects, when they’re against you are a bitch to overcome. Having a balance in a MPesa wallet, doesn’t mean much if only 1 in 5 of your friends also have an MPesa wallet and you can’t send it to any of the other 4.

MPesa is a great tool for banking the unbanked and it is definitely the most famous example, but it’s not going to solve the problem elsewhere as successfully as it has in Kenya. It may be part of the solution though and I think it would be great if they could try.
Just that Python is a better language for solving those kind of problems. I wrote a vaguely-facebook-like webapp in the same timeframe; later I worked (briefly) at last.fm (which uses, or at least used, the facebook stack) and spent most of my time working on better replacements for PHP code and issues that were caused primarily by PHP. If nothing else look at all the tools facebook produces - thrift and HHVM being the most prominent ones - to work around their PHP problems.

PHP was the "right tool" in that it was the language Zuck knew when it was a one-man project. And facebook's success is a reminder that second-tier technologies can be perfectly adequate to build a successful business on, that business concerns often have a lot more impact than technical ones. It shouldn't be taken as an indication that all their technical decisions were right.
It's not so much "Startup News" but new technology coverage and technical articles.
"Startup News" sounds more like stuff you'd read at Tech Crunch which are more trendy and fruitless IMO compared with articles often found here on HN.
pdf link, because somehow University press releases never contain references to the actual paper: http://psych.nyu.edu/clash/dp_papers/Ding_nn2015.pdf
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The like-clockwork sniping at the man whenever he's brought up borders on being more irritating than his original "offence".
Not to mention that it's a highly relevant comparison, since many of those containers will be carried overland before/after unloading, and this gives an idea of just how much traffic it can generate, even if spread out over a few days and exit routes.
Note his forceful denials of an affair at the end, which we now know to be false. Of course, he couldn't possibly admit to such a thing back then, but it does make you doubt the rest of the account.
It always bothers me that newspapers usually omit hyperlinks to relevant information. Here's a paper by the guy they interview in the article: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245612

"[...] two-stroke scooters, vehicles that constitute a small fraction of the fleet, but can dominate urban vehicular pollution through organic aerosol and aromatic emission factors up to thousands of times higher than from other vehicle classes."

(PS: don't make that into an argument for cars and against scooters though. By reducing congestion, people opting for scooters can help all other road users pollute less. So electric scooters should be a priority - http://www.etatrust.org.uk/2014/05/scooters-vs-cars-vs-lorri... )
Does that mean we now know that gwern isn't Wright?
I was homeless for about a year and a half. The first 6 months were spent sleeping on the streets, and when possible, in a shelter - but realistically, in the area where I was, most shelters were not really a safe place to be, and the few that were filled up early. The remaining time, I crashed at a drug dealers house and helped sell in return.

I didn't have much more than the belongings that fit in a mid-sized duffle bag and for a while I mostly survived by cleaning bathrooms at coffee shops before opening hours where the employees didn't really want to do that part of their job - and in return I would get some coffee and a bite to eat. Any money I did get, I saved up.

Once I had access to the internet again, and at least a warm place to sleep at night that I considered safe, I started making contacts on IRC. Eventually I had enough money to relocate across country via Greyhound, a couch to crash on when I arrived and prospects for a new beginning. I quickly jumped from $25k to $40k to $60k etc and am currently at $160k with a whole new life and an amazing career ahead of me.

It's possible to get out of the situation if what got you there isn't addiction or mental illness - the system does little to help, and without being resourceful it's easy to get stuck in that position for a long time. But it can be done. Granted, I never had the ex-con/drug dealer status haunting me in background checks, but I have been upfront in interviews before and still got the job. Greatest accomplishment in life? Escaping homelessness.
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Why don't they do the background check before the interviews so they don't waste eachother's time and money just to later have a background check fail. Does a background check costs more than an interview and paying for the flights?
Take someone who has already demonstrated the know how to make money selling illicit drugs and, as punishment, ban them from legitimate employment for life... That must be super effective! /s
It seems like he has more experience in the enterprise world ("Security Compliance"), not sure that's the type of jobs you'd give to a freelancer, or at least not on Elance/Upwork.
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Major discussion of this whole issue/story/event:

Here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10699846 (131 comments)

And here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10701785 (95 comments)

Other submissions of this story:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10702397

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10702441

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10702505

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10702673
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