skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Very interesting:

> “Dopamine encodes what are called reward-prediction errors – the ongoing difference between reward expectations and the actual rewards experienced,” Montague said. “From just dopamine signals, we can see when a person expects a reward and whether the person receives the reward. But in our most recent study, we found this earlier model of reward-prediction error to be incomplete. Rather, dopamine pulses appear to combine information about what might have happened with information about what actually happened. This is an entirely new way of viewing the role of dopamine signaling in the human brain.” The idea that “what could have been” is part of how people evaluate actual outcomes is not new. But no one expected that dopamine would be doing the job of combining this information in the human brain. “We married two known computational models into something new,” Montague said. “In doing so, we found dopamine tracking and combining two streams of information into one chemical pulse.”
Seeing this type of research really inspires me to get involved in deep learning, at least to the point where I can accomplish some sort of basic task with it. As somebody with an undergraduate computer science degree, but only a very basic theoretical understanding of AI, what resources are available for me to understand deep learning and build something useful?
> "giving no recourse for regular citizens"

What forms of recourse would citizens have against polluters without government intervention?

I hope you're not going to suggest 'they can shop elsewhere' as it's been proven time and time again that most citizens don't choose what they buy based on the greater good.
Point taken. I've never done frontend work, but I can understand the value of a human tester when a complex UI is involved. The kind of work I do is very data-oriented and quite easy to get high coverage when the code is well written.
> Capitalism is simply the codification of a monetary transaction to which both parties agree

Not really. A lot of today's capitalism is based on concepts such as copyright, patents and trade secrets, which are definitely not "natural" - in fact, they are directly opposite of "free market".

Personally, I believe that a capitalistic system where these three are eliminated or at least severely restricted would be much preferable to what we have today.
The climate is changing, but how significant is the role of human in it should be the subject of debate. Many scientists have observed that the changes taking place in climate is cyclical and anthropomorphic cause is very limited. FUrther it's observed that these changes aren't only visible on Earth but on other planets of the solar system and are largely caused by activities of Sun.

I don't have all the references handy as of now but you can start here:
The coming ice age: http://harpers.org/archive/1958/09/the-coming-ice-age/
I once heard of a woodworking shop that would sticker parts & components with RFID tags. Each product as it went step to step along the production line could be physically tracked along the shop floor with a hand-held RFID scanner, and there was a sales/production backend system that tracked all components and progress as they moved along production.
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The article isn't lamenting capitalism, it's lamenting that we're leaving it behind and have no idea what to do next.

> Nearly 1 billion people have been taken out of extreme poverty in 20 years

But it has been done without generating the sort of full-time blue collar employment that is implied behind all sorts of economic policies around the globe. China has gone from feudalism to post-industrial robotization in one generation, skipping most the wealth-building industrialization phase Western Europe and North America went through in the last century.

The global creed is "you're not worth something without work", yet we are, for all purposes, running out of work. The computer revolution is optimizing away all its menial jobs already – just how much have trends like virtualization, clouds, infrastructure orchestration and so on reduced the demand for warm bodies to throw at hardware issues in the last few years? – while education systems still haven't finished ramping up the creation of more and more menial labourers. The earlier industrial revolutions have, quite soon, created more jobs than they destroyed, but this does not seem to happen any more.

We've reached the point where we have, globally, more people of working age than we can possibly need to satisfy all global needs, and this trend is not going to reverse.

And the problem is: We have no idea what to do about it. The left is blabbing "muh robots" and "muh basic income", but nobody has a consistent, practicable theory of what a post-full-employment society (which is something entirely different from a post-employment-at-all society) could look like. We're still going to need menial labour, blue collar work, white collar… but not enough. What do we do with all the excess population?
The Divorce Colony
Assuming that happens, then vim is not calling fsync correctly. Fix the userspace app.
Actually, unlike controlling humans, whatever that means, it's very easy to limit the impact of AI - all you have to do is treat advanced chip fabrication processes the way nuclear technology is treated, and put a legal limit on processor power so it's somewhere where it was in the late 80s. (So you have office software and email but neither YouTube nor Doom 3; a reasonable price for our survival, I find.) Fewer organizations today can manufacture chips using the latest process nodes than there are governments that can make nuclear weapons, and it's probably harder to build a chip fab in secrecy and make a large enough number of chips to power an AI than it is to build nuclear weapons in secrecy. Berglas argues for this in http://berglas.org/Articles/AIKillGrandchildren/AIKillGrandc...

Of course the reason governments don't do this is because almost nobody sees the risks of AI "acting on its own" (and they're probably right), nor the risks of things like rogue drones made from cheap commodity hardware (which might be sensible as well - these are more like RPGs in the wrong hands than they are like nukes in the wrong hands.)
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Here is a recommended read related to the subject

Exponential Economist Meets Finite Physicist
http://physics.ucsd.edu/do-the-math/2012/04/economist-meets-...
Integration-Driven Software Development
Timer didn't work for me.
http://lihaoyi.github.io/Ammonite/

Old linked subject: https://github.com/tools4j/unix4j
> Capitalism is simply the codification of a monetary transaction to which both parties agree.

No, that's just a market. A necessary, but by no means sufficient condition to label an economy capitalist. That's why the new word "capitalism" has been introduced to describe the difference.
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I think it'd be awesome if somebody with actual clue, and without the primary intent of getting new clients, would start collecting information about the US visa situation at some permanent location.

Looking for information about US Visas on your own right now is made very hard by all the immigration lawyer's homepages. Those mostly seem to contain copied and low quality content. Often with conflicting or outdated information.

Given the obvious desire, by US companies, of hiring non-residents, it seems that there'd be a rather big collective interest in providing quality information.
For OS X and macports I use p7zip package which intalls 7z command. It understand .zip, .rar, of course .7z and probably other formats. I wrote simple Automator script to use that command from Finder and it works just fine (actually .zip and .tar.gz formats are supported by OS X archive tool, but .rar is not and I often have to deal with that format).
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There is the unit Coulomb for electrical charge with the symbol C:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb
> Democracy is simply voting, which can easily be handled by machines.

Voting is simply voting. If you insist on inventing a new definition, Democracy is a specific mode of a) gathering and representing the political will of the population; and b) a specific mode of forming that political will by the civil society. Voting is just the rather banal part of making the present aggregate political will visible and quantifiable. The most defining part of Democracy happens before the vote.
> The risks of things like rogue drones made from cheap commodity hardware, which might be sensible as well …

In Prof. Tegmark’s recent presentation at the UN he mentioned the possibility of extremely cheap drones that approach the victim's face very quickly and pierce a bolt into their brain through one of their eyes. Such a drone wouldn't require high precision projectiles which would make it cheap to build.

> Of course the reason governments don't do this is because almost nobody sees the risks of AI "acting on its own"…

It is near impossible to enforce something like this globally and forever. At best, it would be a near-term solution, especially so because there is a huge military and economic interest in technology and AI. Quite possibly, the only long-term solution is solving the control problem.
I used to work for sub-contract electronic engineers. I was working there when almost everything was done on paper; I was working there when they transitioned to computer based systems. It was a fucking nightmare because nobody buying the new software bothered to speak to people doing the work; and then when the software was bought the people in charge of changing stuff didn't bother to understand how the data would be used.

Here's just one example: The software had an internal part number field, and 2 description fields. The guy in charge of part numbers and descriptions wanted 5 digit numbers and wanted the description to start at the top level and drill down.

Here's one description:

RESISTOR MRS25 100K

That looks okay until you realise that people need to search on the descriptions, and the software only allowed searched on the first 16 characters.

RESISTOR MRS25 1

That's a lot of components, and so people have to search through a bunch of stuff to find the item they want.

The first thing you must do is learn and understand the system. It works for them, and anything you replace it with is likely to break things and to make life worse.

Most places will have payroll software. And so a bunch of manufacturing software is an add on or extension to that software - maybe some accounts stuff for handling invoicing, and then for handling buying materials and stock, and then for handling stock internally. But accountants (who create this software) don't understand how shop floors run, and so you end up with frustrating weirdness.
If the government "owns" a bunch of lakes and rivers, and someone else is polluting those lakes and rivers, then the government should sue them for damages (cost of cleanup) in addition to ordering them to stop doing it. After all, that's exactly what I would demand if I owned a swimming pool and someone kept dumping trash into it. Simply telling them to stop is not enough. They should pay for the cleanup as well.

So yes, I agree that this is a failure of government. The government should be a lot more zealous in protecting the value of all the natural resources that it claims for itself, perhaps even more so than private landowners.
Are only poets safe from robots?
We do terminate some legal persons with abandon. Like corporations.
That doesn't seem correct, on osx 10.11 `tar xf` can extract `.tar.xz` yet doesn't fork an xz. AFAIK 10.11 doesn't even come with xz.
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I've been using many different tablets since they came out (iOS, Android, BB, Windows). I found that a large tablet is critical for productivity and I agree that 10" is the minimum, but it is also too small for me.
I also found that thin 8" tablet is perfect for ereading, whether magazines, novels, Web browsing, videos. However with the very high resolution display, it is also handy for light productivity, I can use it to ssh or tunnel xwindow into my debian boxes, review Office documents, and learn Spanish with duo lingo. Ever fall asleep and drop a Surface on your face?

Microsoft has all but abandoned the smaller than 10 inch tablet (no longer in the Microsoft stores) and I could find any high end windows tablets in that category. Of the metro/universal apps, the ones I need are not available and over the last few years many aren't being updated, lack features and are now disappearing from the Windows app and store. And with windows/Android, I can easily copy files between the devices and they both support Miracast (eg. Microsoft wireless display adapter).

Long answer, hopefully useful.
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Lower birth rates? Short term economic pain of a graying population for a long term gain.
They were also unanimous it would happen last century?

What do we mean by "human level" anyway? Last time I got talking to an AI expert he said current research wouldn't lead to anything like a general intelligence, rather human level at certain things. Machines exceed human capacities already in many fields after all...
I've had my dotfiles on GitHub for some time. I'm planning to have a go at automating setting up my laptop. This post was posted on hn some time ago http://spin.atomicobject.com/2015/09/21/ansible-configuratio...

Anyone got any suggested reading on this topic? More than just dotfiles but actually automating installing software etc.
As predicted just above: Let me guess, there are mysteries hidden in tomes of knowledge you refuse to cite, and you are also unwilling to state anything formally here?

It would be like trying to teach evolution to creationists. I'm sure you would agree that's a futile task.*

In my experience creationists understand evolution just fine. They don't agree, but they understand. That's why we use formal reasoning - the process of following along is mechanistic and does not require revealed wisdom of the sort you are claiming I lack.
How big would be a standalone binary for this ?
How does that help long-term? Let's say we, somehow, reduce the world's population to one billion. Great, so we only have one one seventh the workers to keep busy… but also only one seventh the market size. We're back to square one: Still the same unemployment rate, even if the total amount of unemployed is smaller.
The claim was that these things were not being discussed. Citing the telegraph and grauniad shows that these things have been discussed, in general media, and in newspapers that are ideologically opposed to each other.
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Isn't it weird how justified people who are sure they are right right feel to label almost anyone else as idiots?

Read me out here and get some good ideas for a campaign: There are literally 1000s of good reasons for people who aren't scientists to be sceptical, feel free to start with the 1400 or 1600 private jets that landed in Davos to discuss CO2 and AGW.

If someone is serious about this that would be a mighty good place to start, not because the emissions from 1500 planes matter but because they show, loud and clear, that those who claim to care really doesn't care at all
That's not true. MP3 simply never gets transparent and you can notice with 5 dollar in-ears. And people in general notice. This leads to absurdities such as bitrates of 320 kbps, even thou these do not sound significantly better than 128 kbps and are still not transparent.

On the other hand 128 kbps AAC is transparent for almost any input. AAC is supported abou everywhere where mp3 is. The quality alone should be convincing. The smaller size make the usage of mp3 IMHO insane.

OTOH "the scene" still does MPEG-2 releases I think.
IIRC bsdtar (e.g. on OS X) includes xz.
Two factors.

1) Density. Sand and dust settle out. Plastic has a lower or similar density to water, so will collect at the surface or float in the water column.

2) Structure and surface properties. Plastic is hydrophobic and usually not completely solid--it is more of a sponge at the microscopic level. This means it can adsorb and absorb oils, which in turn can absorb biologically active chemicals from the water, effectively concentrating them.

This basically means that small organisms at the lower end of the food chain can end up ingesting these, including all the nasty stuff, and these cause problems up the food chain, either by killing or reducing the turnover of the lower organisms, starving the higher organisms of nutrition, and also by concentrating the toxins up the food chain.
Media codecs are a little different because there is a significant cost to replacing hardware that only supports the old standard. It seems to me that AAC is becoming pretty ubiquitous and probably will be the go to standard for the next 10-20 years. We are also at a point where the vast majority of users aren't going to notice the difference between a 100kbps MP3 vs AAC stream, which is going to be less than 1% of an he stream, so there is little incentive to innovate by the players with the deepest pockets. Until network capacity is free (or at least cheap compared to to the cost of CPE) pipelines based on uncompressed media are not going to be a thing outside of the production end of things.

For source tar balls though there is basically 0 cost to switching. Since you can download a new compressor in under a minute and should be able to assume that your users are pretty sophisticated. The incentives are similar to media in that cost transfer has to be weighed against the cost of CPE, except that since users supply the CPE the cost is effectively 0 and compression will probably always make sense.
I think you're missing the point. If I could summarise:

Capitalism generates capital. Yay for us, we now have lots of capital. But once you've generated all the capital, and maximised all the profits to the point of driving surplus value to 0. What then?

* Also a major nitpick, most of that billion were brought out of poverty in China in the 1950s at the peak of Maoism/Communism... so you're point is kind ironic, no? The majority of the remainder were also in China during DengXiao ping driven state run capitalism or "Socialism with Chinese Characteristics"... So even if you weren't missing the point, the point you are making is still very moot.
Mechanical Calculators for Computer Engineers
Since you've already brought it up as "blabbing" - why do you dismiss basic income as a solution?
Can't be too big! That could be a great project, perhaps an easy entrance for many into Ethereum technologies.
I've met people that call something similar 'fake agile'.

Surely everyone should report into the business (end-user on the business side) lead responsible for making this functionality happen. This includes Dev, QA, business. QA should be business? This is no longer 1985, there is no reason business (product owner) shouldn't be a capable PM and BA for their own product.
While birth rates are lowering enough that the population based on current projections will start dropping in a few decades, UN projections also clearly indicate it will start increasing again soon enough, albeit at a slower rate.

To avoid that would take substantial further reductions in birth rates beyond that which is baked in based on current trends.

EDIT: Let me adjust this a bit. UNs World Population Prospects 2015 [1] says "Continued population growth until 2050 is almost inevitable, even if the decline of fertility accelerates." and their middle and top estimates shows continued growth until 2100, though rapidly shrinking growth. The low end estimate shows a reduction in the latter half of the century. Almost all of this growth is expected to be in developing countries, however.

[1] http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_W...
with regards to spotting and identification I can see a system like what was shown in the last Dredd to come about, drones in the air and cameras feeding a large centralized room staffed by people directing others.

While the military can get away with remote action it won't happen with police in Democratic countries except possibly with non lethal force. I could see remote shut down of cars, even a flash bang or sonic system.

The real danger from AI isn't it taking over, it is from too many people checking out and not participating in life anymore
That is still not a taxable event. Even if it's shares and not options.

The shares won't be taxed until they are sold.

I know this, because I've worked in an Australian company and been given shares and they made no difference to my tax liability.
> But once you've generated all the capital, and maximised all the profits to the point of driving surplus value to 0. What then?

You're assuming you will be able to keep this capital forever. History demonstrates that most of even the richest families don't stay such after 3 or 4 generations.

Ask any Family Office managing finances for HNW investors and they'll give you examples.

* Decreasing marginal utility of wealth.

* Difficulty investing as wealth increases.
Capital accumulation lowers rates, incentivizing individuals to spend (h/t Reisman)

* Empathy and philanthropy (one can't just ignore this, it's human action all the same).

* The calculation problem builds in inefficiencies as organizations grow (h/t Peter Klein).

Intergenerational differences in ability and goals and the squandering of inheritances.

Entrepreneurship and innovation. Punctuated equilibrium (h/t Schumpeter).
What she is doing sends a message not to take all your leave. It also shows she is a poor manager. No manager, even CEO, should be so irreplaceable that she cannot step away from the job for several weeks, especially when the leave is anticipated. The leave should be viewed as a valuable opportunity to ensure that successors are being groomed and are ready to step in.

She might think this "unique time in Yahoo's transformation" talk shows that she is pitching in to help, but all it says to me is that she either thinks she is more important than she is or that due to poor management she really is that important. Fail either way.
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I generally use gzip for everything because it's everywhere and good enough, but xz and bzip also support streaming, in fact anything that tar compresses does afaik.

> dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1M count=5 | gzip > test
5+0 records in
5+0 records out
5242880 bytes (5.2 MB) copied, 0.438033 s, 12.0 MB/s

> dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1M count=5 | xz > test
5+0 records in
5+0 records out
5242880 bytes (5.2 MB) copied, 1.52744 s, 3.4 MB/s

> dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1M count=5 | bzip2 > test
5+0 records in
5+0 records out
5242880 bytes (5.2 MB) copied, 0.804324 s, 6.5 MB/s
All the profits? like in a zero-sum game?

Wealth creation through creativity, like we do every time, that's what we do next.

This article was wasted time
I can see it's a hard problem for lobste.rs to keep the level of discourse high if they let in everyone, but then, yeah, it generally sucks if you would like to add to a conversation and their attitude is "Well, get an invite from one of your friends of course". Because of course I'd be friends with one of the exceedingly modest number of people who have accounts there. It probably seems like a good marketing attitude to them to assume hugeness or the destiny of hugeness, but attitude puts me off somewhat.

But, yes, what you said about not being connected with the whole startup thing which definely draws a certain amount of...amorality to HN.