skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Sure, but you don't necessarily need sum types for Either. Its more tedious, but totally doable without them, e.g. just with higher order functions:

let left = a => (l, r) => l(a)
let right = b => (l, r) => r(b)

its now impossible to consume result without passing functions to handle both the left and the right value.

let mapRight = f => val => val(identity, right => right(f(val)))
Doesn't sound very appealing for next quarters profits, the true driver of all decisions.
> But if I adopt Elon's caution toward the technology, then I'm not sure if I agree with his reasoning. If he believes in the potential harm of AI, then supporting its widespread use doesn't seem logical. If you take the quote above, and substitute the word "guns" for "AI", you basically have the NRA, and the NRA is not making the world a safer place.

They aren't interchangeable concepts, though: guns can only be used to harm or threaten harm. Artificial general intelligence could invent ways to harm but could also invent ways to anticipate, defend against, prevent, mitigate, and repair harm.

> AI appears to be impossible to regulate.

It could be regulated if there were extremely authoritarian restrictions on all computing. But such a state would be 1. impractical on a global scale, 2. probably undesirable by most people and 3. fuel for extremist responses and secretive AI development.

> If an AGI is possible, then it is inevitable.

The only thing that could preclude the possibility of creating AGI would be if there was something magical required for human-level reasoning and consciousness. If there's no magic, then everything "human" emerges from physical phenomena. Ie short of a sudden catastrophe that wipes humanity out or makes further technological development impossible, we are going to create AGI.

Personally, I think that Musk and the OpenAI group may already have a vision for how to make it happen. Figuring out how to make neural networks work at human-comparable levels for tasks like machine vision was the hardest part IMO. Once you have that, if you break down how the brain would have to work (or could work) to perform various functions and limit yourself to using neural networks as building blocks, it's not that difficult to come up with a synthetic architecture that performs all of the same functions, provided you steer clear of magical thinking about things like free will.
Not many single-letter options were available. Tar is kind of like ls that way. At least it's easy to remember for those of us who already learned to use lowercase-j for bzip2.
The top-level QA manager and the top-level Dev manager should both report to the CTO

Having a top-level manager who is responsible for a whole discipline doesn't work, it just creates a high wall to throw shit over. Developers and QA testers really should report to the same first line manager.
I get the advantages of an ebook, but they are intrinsic to the medium, I'm guessing the cost to produce a book higher than the one to produce an ebook. (Especially if they use pandoc or something similar)
Just do tar -xf It works on pretty much anything
Steve Jobs the Son of a Migrant from Syria by Banksy
Windows users: 7-zip can extract .xz files should you need to (article didn't mention a Windows solution).
Microsoft apparently wanted to buy them in March: http://techcrunch.com/2015/03/01/prismatic-2/

Guess that didn't go as planned.
Taxing is also better than banning, because:

1. there are always uses of something that makes sense, and may contribute only insignificant downsides. Getting a regulatory exception is slow and expensive.

2. they produce revenue for the government, whereas banning is a cost sink
Free market can't prevent short cited assholes who don't understand what they're doing.

Smart people with the public good and long view can, however, do better in public policy that sets limits on wreckless actions.

If you want to see what happens when people don't give a shit look at China where Beijing recently had to close schools for several days because of the pollution.
Can I ask how the issue was created in bad faith?
Validation Syndrome
Other tracing collectors have certainly caught up since 1998, but I'd keep my eye on two things that have also happened since 1998:

1. Work by Damien Doligez which made further improvements to OCaml's current tracing collector (in 4.03) which further reduced pause times.

2. The multicore OCaml tracing collector work that's going on right now at Cambridge. If I understand correctly, this work involved not only partitioning memory into multiple thread local heaps, and a shared heap, but it also improved the collector in general.

I haven't tested it but I'm curious if the combination of this work will again put it ahead of other alternatives.
Because we will have a recession sometime in the next couple years, and if the Fed keeps interest rates at 0, it will have no ammunition when the time comes.
Vault 0.4 released – a tool for managing secrets
The author is not 100% right, as is always the case with this, it depends on the data you are compressing. Here is a stackexchange with some relevant experiments: https://superuser.com/questions/581035/between-xz-gzip-and-b...

I believe that the biggest driver of using old-school ZIP or GZIP is the fact that everyone knows that everything can decompress these formats. And in a modern world of terabyte disks in every laptop, multicore multi-Ghz CPUs, and megabit bandwidth, it isn't worth the effort of using a format that saves an additional 20% on compressed size at the cost of someone not being able to decompress it.
Skimming through that list, are any of those papers about actual running AI systems? It's important to realize that all the stuff about deep learning is mostly heavy engineering work (which is why one criticism of deep learning is the lack of theory - which is a totally valid criticism as most work is in engineering/devising new architectures). Real systems implemented in Cuda/C++ that you can download and run on your computer.
Function of Beauty (YC W16) Offers Customized Shampoo and Conditioner
When unpacking you can leave the compression method flag out, tar will figure out which compression method is used by itself.

And when packing you can use -a, then tar selects which compression method to use based on the filename.
This is true, but what I am trying to understand is why sand and dust does not hurt these animals but microbead particles of the same size do.
Better Faster Stronger – An ISP Not for Daft Punks – Fastmetrics
> unconstrained by a need to generate financial return

AI should definitely be constrained by financial means. Computing, unbounded by financial constraints, will eat everything.
Plastic is way cheaper than walnuts. Look at the price per pound of raw materials, not to mention only specific places in the world can grow walnuts versus plastic which can be produced anywhere.
> I hope in a millennia copyright is looked back upon with the same disgust and insanity that human sacrifice, child wives, and genital mutilation are (mostly) today.

Woah there, buddy.
This is great news. I work at a big company with advanced machine learning tools and infrastructure. Everytime I use them I am amazed by the tools but kinda sad for the students and researchers who have to deal with simpler/less powerful tools. This gives me hope that the best tools will eventually be open source.
Using lzop got me into that habit. Often, the fastest way to transfer a directory from one machine to another is:

hostA$ tar c mydir | lzop | socat - tcp-listen:1234
hostB$ socat tcp:hostA:1234 | lzop -d | tar x

As the network gets slower and the CPU's get faster, you substitute a more heavyweight compression command.
Cuba and US renew direct postal service after 52 years
I guess it would work in the magical world of economists. In that world, there would be active competition for the ownership of the rivers (i.e. lots of players) and consumer have perfect information and are rational (i.e. they will avoid product that directly or indirectly cause pollution )
MIRI is just a highly evolved form of LARP for burnt out savants. One would hope OpenAI is more pragmatic.
How do you think that happened? He learned to push himself beyond his comfort zone.

The earlier poster wasn't that he was inferior, but that he saw how training and pushing yourself beyond comfort can change you.
Browsers are getting Brotli which is comparable to xz: https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!msg/blink-d...
Even Steven: https://twitter.com/StevenLevy
How are you doing fuzzy locations? You're probably not doing it this way, but note that just adding a random 4 mile radius vector to the users location in insecure (against multiple samplings), you need to quantize it to a fixed set like a 4 mile grid or something like that. I remember tinder made this mistake and you could locate users very precisely anonymously.
It's also quite a bit faster than Windows at opening and creating zip (edit: not gzip) files.
If you're a new grad, getting a callback is probably more defined by where you're going to school and whether you have internships in the past than any of the fuzzy stuff like "skills list" on the resume. Where did you go to school, and do you have any internships?
Being worried about "evil AI" is a lot like being worried about evil flying cars. Except people have built actual flying cars in the corporeal world, where "AI" is just a collection of signal processing techniques that don't work very well most of the time.

But hey, I labor in this domain: if paranoid richy-rich types want to throw money at it to ensure that they remain at the top of the heap, I'm all for it.
I'm not really convinced by this argument. If more families than ever can send their kids to college (I.e. four year vacation), instead of working during that time, how is that a bad thing? Is it better if disabled people are trying to support themselves instead of being out if the workforce and being in SSIDI?
I use Made-in-Germany SKS flaps, much like these: https://www.highonbikes.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/im...

(Cannot easily find an image of this on the actual SKS website; maybe it's in their downloadable catalog.)

There are longer ones:

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41WJh%2BBKx0L._SX300_....

These can just slide on (a proper installation does require drilling a hole and putting in the plastic pin, but they will stay on without it, especially if it's a tight fit for the fender width).

The user of a CityBike could bring their own, slip them on and then hopefully remember to take them off when done.
I hate to be the one to tell you this, but it's a marketing blog run by developers. Marketing isn't some specific department certified as containing Marketers by the federal government. It's an activity with a goal to expand the market reach for a product, service, brand, or any other entity.

This is marketing content... And there's nothing wrong with that! We all market ourselves every day of the year. We may not admit to it or realize it, but it's inescapable.
Fixing schools is probably the single biggest thing that could be done to move the western world forward. It warrants more than a single attempt.
I am not over-blowing the threat. We would not know if government simply blackmailed people using such evidence. Many times you don't have to convict a person for the crime merely spreading a credible lie in media is enough. Obama has already used IRS to harass conservatives and we know what watergate was all about.
I'm not sure it has been anything you'd define as "progress" either. "AI progress" is a lot like progress in controlled nuclear fusion as an energy source. Aka, there is no such thing, really, though people work on it.
Burrows-Wheeler Transform [video]
Before I thought it should be obvious that the stock market would go up when rates drop, and vice versa. But I remember one day about 1-2 months ago, the market plunged after the Feds said they might hold off on raising the rates and there wasn't any new bad economic news for a week.

All over the news, pundits blamed it as a sign of weakness because the Feds didn't ignore the stock market chaos. And now the stock market is dropping again because a rate increase is becoming likely again.

Whether or not rates go up or down, the direction of the stock market seems to be controlled by emotion or big investors that have access to secret information. Retail investors like us seem to be powerless and doomed to just hold our stocks while waiting for a recovery that could take decades to occur.
Ruby 2.3.0-preview2 Released
You're confusing gzip (.gz) and PKZip (.zip). Windows has no native support for gzip, only PKZip.
Astronomers Find New Object, Possible Super-Earth in Our Solar System
AirplaneHome.com:  a Boeing 727-200 Home Project
My tests with brotli is that is it overrated - it is slow and has poor compression ratios compared to xz. It confuses me why it is being pushed so hard...

https://github.com/google/brotli/issues/165
Isn't this the plot for Avengers: Age of Ultron?
Raising rates it a good thing:

1. It allows the Fed room to maneuver during the next recession (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_lower_bound)

2. It will all investors to normalize their portfolios (http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/09/11/what-to-ask-before...)

3. Savings accounts and fixed income will actually yield interest.

The US economy is actually in pretty good shape:

- Job creation has been solid (http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf)

- Unemployment has been declining for 5 years (https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/U6RATE <- U6 rate, includes under-employed and those who quit looking for work)

- GDP is 20% higher than before the recession (https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/GDP https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/A191RL1Q225SBEA)

- Average pay is increasing (https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/CES0500000003 all workers, https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/AHETPI not including supervisors)
On typical source trees and mesh data xz is in the range of twice at good at compressing than gzip. That is very significant imo.
Canadian Government Docs Suggest Website Blocking, Targeting VPN Usage
So everything on HN by that logic is "marketing spam"
Outdated advice.
I prefer compressing with gzip because it's on more systems, works well even with low RAM, and enables fast rsync for updates.
Being second-best on ratio and ubiquity is still pretty handy for serving files. It's compress-once, decompress on somebody else's machine, so neither of those matter. Ratio saves you money and ubiquity means people can actually use the file.
Functional Go?
It's a little late to point that out considering most of the technical blog articles you see on HN are of this sort.
Nowhere does it say US only. Going to send them 50c with a reply address of Halley VI.
I'm surprised he didn't touch on the US/UK/France's war on encryption.
Stunning Little Micro Houseboat You Tow with a Bike and It Actually Floats
My money (not a billion) is on "Open, Big Learning".

Elon will probably want to build a giga-factory of neurons, then open-source some pre-trained, general model with a free API.

This is a man building electric cars, off-grid industrial-strength batteries, rockets and hyper-loops...I don't think publishing more/better research papers or winning kaggle competitions is the vision.
Man I dunno about some of this media hype surrounding the topic of AI. I understand how powerful ML/AI algorithms are for general pattern matching (with a big enough computer, gradient descent can learn a lot of things...), but this whole skynet/doomsday fear thing seems ridiculous.

I guess the risk is embedding into systems that manage missiles or something. But you don't need sophisticated algorithms for that to be a risk, just irresponsible programmers. And I recon those systems already rely on a ton of software. So as long as we don't build software that tries to "predict where the this drone should strike next", we're probably fine. Actually shit we're probably doing that.. ("this mountanous cave has a 95% feature match with this other cave we bombed recently..."). Fuuuuck that sounds bad. I don't know how OpenAI giving other people AI will help against something like that.
Scientists Have Developed Diesel That Emits Much Less CO2
Who do you think should be the most common caller? Colleagues? It's none of their business if one of them goes to listen to some imam after work. Fathers or friends, maybe?

A mother-child relationship is the strongest interpersonal tie in our society, so what you describe is not surprising at all. I bet it's also true for rehabs and mental hospitals.
Don't own it outright, i.e. < 50% ownership.
If I am not mistaken , doesn't piratebay get funding from a Far-right business man? Carl Lundström?
I believe I have the right to gather a group and attack, say, a coal fired power plant that is lowering the quality of my air.

Each and every employee and shareholder of that plant is assaulting me and I thus have a right to shoot them on sight.

For this reason, a true free market would actually have almost no fossil fuel emissions.
It really depends on what you're making and if it's possible to automate testing AND if you remembered to test it. Chrome appeared to have broken full screen movie playback for 5% of users once. Something changed, perf got bad, people who previously could play full screen video on a low end machine suddenly got playback too slow to be useful. They just stopped going full screen. No bug reports came in. Nothing in the testing infrastructure caught it. I only notice because my father tried to show me a video on his atom based netbook.

Similarly going full screen on a 2 monitor setup broke once. Again, no automated test.

The Web Text to Speech API is broken on every browser it's in. It will work with a simple sample but start and stop it a few times and it will break. I suspect because again there is no easy way to test it.

There's lots of others.

automated testing is not a substitute for QA IMO.
Thank you! I got involved with the security world recently and I'm really enjoying it.
And I would like to clarify myself, the comment I made earlier was a little ambiguous. The bug that got fixed only spoofs the omnibox and not the HTTPS lock. The others spoof both.
That said, when I am able to disclose these vulnerabilities, I intend to write a post about them.
Russian Military Map – 12/11/15
Yes, and another issue with regulation is that it gives a speed advantage to any team that's willing to subvert the regulations: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/techtank/posts/2015/04/14-und...

If regulations do turn out to be the right path, I'd suggest that people within the AI field form their own informal regulatory body first, fortifying it against institutional failure modes like corruption by lobbyists etc. Then get the government to grant them legal authority. Hopefully that would go a ways towards addressing the issues you describe.
There are many more concerns to address than just compression ratio. Even the ratio one is questionable, because some people have really fast networks but we all have basically the same speed of computers. So a 4x CPU time and memory pressure penalty may be much worse on a system than a 2x stream size increase. Another use case is a tiny VM instance: half a gigabyte of RAM is not actually present in every machine today. Embedded, too.

Another way compression formats can win you much more than a 2x space reduction is by supporting random access within their contained files. Gzip sort of supports this if you work hard at it. Xz and bzip2 appears similar (though the details are different). I achieved a 50x speedup with this in real applications, and discussed it a bit here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/429987/compression-format...
Do you know what product it is specifically? I'm looking for a new face cleaner after finding out the one I loved does have microbeads. Thanks.
The `--rsyncable` patch never got upstreamed, and in recent debian the feature is totally broken (rsync needs to transmit ~100% of the file again).

`pigz` has a similar flag that works reliably, though.
Although 7-Zip can't "look through" a .tar.{x,g}z file - browsing a .tar.xz will require fully decompressing the .tar to a temporary location.
Stimulus isn't a switch you flip on and off. The idea that if you flip it, and the economy doesn't take off then stimulus doesn't work, is not a sound idea.

You can have stimulus in different forms, different points of time, and different levels.

So why would continuing policies meant to help? Because discontinuing them would have a significant detrimental impact.

Based on this point of view, stimulus and monetary policy have no effect, so the financial crisis should have been left to run its course. That would have been a terrible outcome, and we would be worse of than we are now.
More MBAs Opt to Spend Summer at Startups than at WallStreet Firms
Or maybe it's that "commitment" is the desired reciprocity, and it doesn't matter how it is acquired - even if it is being "only or primary" valued for sex.

We don't know.
While being factually true, that's an incredibly shallow view of her work. It's the same as linking all your sexual preferences to (un)resolved Oedipus complex from your childhood -- it's most likely to be true, but doesn't give you any useful insight into the subject matter.
I was about to ask a lot of these questions of how deep the metadata layer really goes - including using SpiderOak as the threat. It seems this is built on Crypton, linked below; however, the paper itself [1] goes into a lot of detail on what metadata SpiderOak could see, and what they can infer from it.

I am personally curious why p384/ECDSA was chosen; vs. p521 or Curve25519+Ed25519. I assume this is because p384 is standardized and recommended in NSA Suite B.

[1] https://crypton.io/crypton.pdf
Musk calls that a "radically inaccurate analogy": http://lukemuehlhauser.com/musk-and-gates-on-superintelligen...

AI luminary Stuart Russell also takes on this analogy in this presentation: https://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/talks/russell-ijcai15-f...

>OK, let’s continue [the overpopulation on Mars] analogy:

>Major governments and corporations are spending billions of dollars to move all of humanity to Mars [analogous to the billions that are being spent on AI]

>They haven’t thought about what we will eat and breathe when the plan succeeds

>If only we had worried about global warming in the late 19th C.
Ahh, kids. "Let's all start adopting this new thing that has existed for a few years that's slower and uses more ram because we're wasting literally tens of megabytes all the time!"
GNU tar also has easy-to-remember long options for all the major compression programs: --gzip, --xz, --lzop, --lzma, --lzip.
We don't know that one way or another since such a machine doesn't yet exist. I'm suggesting that perhaps high level reasoning and sentience go hand in hand although I can't say that with any certainty.
You can easily apply the same argument to xz here, by introducing something rarer with an even better compression ratio (e.g. zpaq6+). Now xz isn't the best at anything either.

But despite zpaq being public domain, few people have heard of it and the debian package is ancient, and so the ubiquity argument really does count for something after all.
A benchmark doesn't have to be perfect in isolation to be valuable relative to previous measurements. Has something changed about the economy to break this metric?
Yeah I've enjoying reading this for years. It has been excellent resource for scholarly alchemy.
Ludum Dare 34: “Two Button Controls AND/OR Growing”
Yes, let’s.

http://sens.org