skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
If you think about it it's intuitive.
Take these type chains:

Thing -> Animal -> Dog
Thing -> Animal -> Cat
Thing -> Instrument -> Tuba

Lets say Thing has the following properties:
- IsVisible
- Mass
- CanMove

Lets say Tube has the following properties:
- PlayNote

And lets say that Cat has:
- Meow

Lets take the following contrived example for overriding:

Class Debugger {
void debug(Cat cat);
}

Class ThingDebugger : Debugger {
void debug(Thing thing);
}

Going "wider" to Thing works because Cats, Dogs, and Tuba all have the properties that a Thing has, because they are instances of Thing. Going "narrower" works for the same reason:

Class Wrangler {
Animal wrangle();
}

Class DogWrangler : Wrangler {
Dog wrangle();
}

A Dog can do anything an Animal can do because it is an Animal.

The type system is doing its best to save you from the following:

Class Janky {
void ThisIsOK();
Animal PrepareForCrash();
}

Class AlsoJanky : Janky {
void ThisIsOK();
Instrument PrepareForCrash();
}

Class StillJanky : Janky {
void ThisIsOK();
Thing PrepareForCrash();
}

In this case any mixing of PrepareForCrash will leave you with returned types that don't completely share an interface. If the compiler let you do that, you'd probably do this at some point start mixing the subtypes of Janky and calls to PrepareForCrash would return Tubas when you expect Cats and then all hell would break loose. Anyone who's used scripting languages should be familiar with something like this happening at one point or another.
> Raise taxes and meet your obligations

You mean steal money from other people to pay for promises they had no say in making.

That's what's fundamentally unjust about government pensions: I'm being forced to pay for promises made before I was even old enough to vote.
Can you expand upon this please? On how boiler plate code = boring or bloated....genuinely curious
Ask HN: Who needs an app developer?? Or website
I need some cash by the holidays and am available
Www.webcreatives.co say your from HN for a huge discount
OSEM: Open Source Event Manager
We were over the moon about Angular in 2014, but it quickly showed its failings as we got a bit deeper in. 2 way data binding is just precarious. But the thing that really killed me on the whole idea is how TERRIBLE it is as a user of Doubleclick Bid Manager. It is SO impossibly slow that it is practically unusable on a laptop with 4GB Ram and an i5. For a few months we could only actually upload ads to the system if we used OPERA!! If their shining star UI that gives Google about a billion dollars in revenue a month is this bad, we asked ourselves "why we should try to emulate it?"
I think that's wrong. A few months leave is far more affordable and desirable over replacing a valuable employee or having a very unhappy and burned out employee forced to return to work. Not to mention the positive benefits that policies like this have on recruiting.

It's also just the right thing to do.
The BBC’s Answer to PC
> How will copyright work for genetic designs?

Or, rather, how does copyright work for genetic designs? Syn Bio papers are published all the time, and their designs are copyright like any other invention.
Like the IceCube? Or do you mean low-energy neutrinos specifically?

https://icecube.wisc.edu/
I was wondering what he did exactly, but didn't find much. According to a French site [0] he was charged with "spying for an enemy of the state".

[0] https://fr.globalvoices.org/2015/10/03/190898/
The definition should show up if you hover. May be too slow though...
Yes, DNA (with a combination of some enzymes) is capable of universal computation. So far, this has not turned out to be anything particularly interesting from an engineering standpoint,
It's already over 50% in CA (as well as various other places).

39.6% (Fed) + 12.3% (CA) = 51.9%

There are city taxes as well in some places, for example add an additional 1.5% to that if you live in SF.

Thinking about this, I suppose that the fact that you can deduct state taxes on your fed taxes brings this down a bit so maybe it does dip below 50? Not sure about the math. Real close though.
Simplistic, but a good way to think of the difference between genetic engineering and synthetic biology. Genetic engineering is like reverse engineering: poking around in an executable to change bits of the assembler and see what happens. Synthetic biology is attempting to build a top-down approach for genetic designs: specification, design, implementation, testing - and in that model, the DNA is the machine code and we are indeed trying to make a compiler.
Also, what are the error rates? This was a major problem for NGS in the early days. (Still is, on certain platforms.)
I feel your pain. I was making a case primarily from a marketing/community perspective, but the code and its ( lack of ) organization speaks for itself as well.
Because when choosing a search engine, nobody would care if it said "Brought to you by top 5 grads", while in law, that gets customers to pay top dollar.

Maybe people care more about outcomes when they're spending their own time instead of someone else's money?
When it comes to people, you don't need much writing of DNA to get really interesting stuff. Nick Bostrom (author of Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies) has fleshed-out the idea of iterated embryo selection.[1] IES lets you do the equivalent of a millennia-long human breeding experiment in a couple of months in a lab. The result would be phenotypes that have never existed in history. These people would be smarter and healthier than anyone who lived before. It would utterly change the human condition.

The key enabling technology is the ability to (in-vitro) turn embryonic stem cells into gametes. This has been done in mice, but not humans.

1. http://www.nickbostrom.com/papers/embryo.pdf
If sky-high rents and house prices don't already discourage people, I don't see how taxes are going to do it.
Except in a legal sense.

http://www.businessinsider.com/supreme-court-tomato-is-veget...
> a study in the rigorous theory foundations that let you break away from having your career defined by one transient technology after another.

There's a much easier way to accomplish that shift. Start a business, perhaps SaaS or a software product.

Alternatively you could just stop hopping jobs every few years.
We're another example of a non-profit tech startup: https://www.engageSPARK.com . We're a slightly different model in that while we focus on selling our engagement platform (think "Twilio for non-techies") to non-profit customers globally, we have lots of commercial customers who use our platform for marketing purposes. Having a diversified revenue stream helps greatly with sustainability.

Check out Fast Forward, an accelerator focusing exclusively on non-profit tech startups: https://www.ffwd.org . Y Combinator now also has a track for non-profits - https://www.ycombinator.com/nonprofits/ and for example funded https://watsi.org/ .

Feel free to ask questions. I volunteered at Grameen Foundation and have been exploring this space for a while.
Ask Whitney Wolfe
Sure, but that still requires you to stay within the boundaries of what is expressible in the first place. Rakes, maybe. Bedframes: not so much.
This is truly remarkable, these efforts always peak my interest.
i think it would be much easier to just grown the bamboo into the frame, a la the square watermelon. But I digress: we are many, many decades away from being able to do things like that. Possibly centuries. Even programming single-celled organisms to assemble simple hydrocarbons is barely within our reach, at present.
Florida State vs. Chattanooga Live Stream Game 2015 Free
actually the battle is between idiots who don't want to pay taxes and promote crappy weak governments, and everyone who benefits from having decent government and is willing to pay the price for living in a civilized society. if you're not willing to pay that price then you're the free rider.
Selection bias? The credentials of the type of people hired to be in such positions help those people get in those positions. Even without "discrimination" so to say, when you get hired right off uni instead of spending a few years freelancing or being a code monkey at some random shop, it makes a tremendous amount of difference to your career...
Frequent blood donors may live longer
Innovation Outposts and the Evolution of Corporate R&D
Analysis of Computer Science Needs via Advertised Faculty Searches for 2016
Clutch – A monthly car subscription service
> Angular is a battleship. React+Redux is an attack submarine.

> The value of the battleship has been questioned, even during the period of their prominence.... battleships were increasingly vulnerable to much smaller, cheaper weapons...[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship

I'm not sure if your metaphor was intentional, that Angular is like a flashy, seemingly powerful but ultimately archaic, dead-on-arrival platform, but I appreciate it nonetheless.
> When a 34-year-old biologist is asked what she is looking for in a man, she doesn’t respond with a height requirement or a hair color. She pauses for a moment, reflecting on a divorce and the French man who came after. He needs to be there for her; she has to be sure of him. But the most important thing, she says, as she points to her head: “It’s all up here.”

Yeah, but that's merely what the woman says she wants. That doesn't reflect what she might be impulsively attracted to.
Nothing to see here, just an e-mail signup page.
I don't know much Scala, and my blog is mostly focused on the Apple world.

That said, I always love seeing other perspectives, so a comment on the article describing how Scala gets it right would be welcome.
Google has been upfront about greater use of learning AI (as opposed to hand-tuned algorithms like PageRank) to index and rank their search results. In order to return a good result, a learning AI system must first be trained on what a good result looks like. Since search returns results to humans, humans have to provide the guidance on what is a good or bad result.

Often an AI can be trained by a corpus, like training a spell correcter by feeding it the text of a dictionary. But the data that Google works is the entire web, which changes all the time, so they need constant feedback on what is good or bad.

Google also personalizes results now, so the AI needs to learn not just what is a good result, but what is a good result for that particular person, given everything else the AI knows about that person. That would require inputs from a wide variety of people.
> Do you actually think these two astronomers and other scientists just came up with their results?

Yes.

There is nothing in astronomy, science, and math, that requires the presence or knowledge of a Muslim for work to be done.
When the News Reads You Back: Standing Up for Reader Privacy
Very sad the state of world affairs we find each day in our news.
If the neighbour lives there, they have to handle the fallout, whether that's angry people bashing on their door past midnight, the police, or just spiteful glances in the morning.

With AirBnB-as-a-hotel, the neighbour hardly ever has to meet the people they're annoying.

This surely makes a difference in the behaviour of guests.
Still much grosser than reflection in other languages.
Variance isn't really applicable to Go at all, because Go doesn't have subtyping. It just has a lot of built-in type coercions in various places in the grammar, "interface to super-interface" being one of them. That explains why covariant-anything doesn't work in Go: there is no coercion between function types.
The Real Unemployment Innovation Challenge
Primitives for Manipulation of Gen Subdivisions and Computation of Voronoi Diagram [pdf]
Simple wrapper for the Dribbble API
PRESSI+SEZ+USA+TO+BE+MUSLIM+STATE+BY+2016+-+YouTube
Alice and Bob, ZeroTier's new root clusters
I think it has more to do with quality (and bullshit) detection. If a search engine sucks, it's pretty easy to try a different one and see if the results are better. If you get hosed in a law suit, it's not as clear that the outcome would have been better with a different firm. Pedigrees matter a lot more when it's hard to directly evaluate the quality of the output so decision makers default to signalling.
I know what you mean regarding the second question, and it's not just due to language barrier. I regularly get tense when people talk about "has a dependency" or "is dependent on" - there's something naturally vague about it. It's clearer when people say "blocks" or "requires".

Another example is "subscribes" - I had a lot of trouble understanding Rx (Reactive Extensions) until I realized that they use "subscription" in the reverse way I'm used to. When I hear subscription, I think of how I might subscribe or have a subscription to a magazine. But they mean subscribe/subscription in terms of how a magazine company might "subscribe" a customer. Which completely flips the arrow.
I suspect this is also a fail safe which allows them to use learning algorithms that give less than well understood results that still perform well (think neural networks and deep learning).
Perhaps, but the mindset here is fundamentally academic: here is an interesting problem, I wonder what I can learn about its properties? And having looked into those properties, the author decides to write them up and disseminate them. (Very well, I might add. I filed the link in a bookmark folder I keep for "articles I'd like to assign my students to read, next time I teach a relevant class. This one is well-written and well-referenced.)
All that "non-profit" means is, from Wikipedia, :

"A non-profit organization is an organization that uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit or dividends."

There are plenty of ways to raise capital that allow an organization to abide by such restrictions. A nonprofit is not strictly restricted on who it can hire or what products it can make or services it can offer. So, unless your definition of "successful" requires that you distribute surplus revenues to shareholders, then yes, it is possible to start a successful tech non-profit.

You can pay your employees massive salaries. You can raise massive amounts of debt to fund your expansion. You can employ ruthless business practices.

Many businesses do not distribute capital to shareholders until well after the business has matured, reasoning that the capital is better used growing the business. Meaning, the investors have a long investment horizon. Meaning, their initial smaller amount, often accompanied by additional rounds of funding, was enough to get a successful business going. Capital sources can include endowments, public and private grants, or payment for goods and services.

Personally, I believe that non-profits have gotten a bad wrap. There are some amazing companies out there that do not aim to return money to shareholders, that prioritize their product, their cause, or their customers. I'd highly, highly recommend checking out YouTube videos about Patagonia and it's founder, along these lines. You can even mis-use non-profit status. Many people don't realize that IKEA is a non-profit, and that the profits are extracted from its activities through some tax and legal loopholes.

Typically, the relevant issues are related to the raising of capital. But think about how that often turns out. Many founders raising outside capital lose control of their company or see their share diluted, that is if the company is even successful. And if it is, and they maintain control and their share of ownership, it could be a long time before there is any surplus revenue.

On the flip side, you can start a private company and be help accountable to no one but yourself. You can raise all different sorts of capital. And you can determine what social / environmental impact you make. You pretty much only lose the tax breaks.

So you see, it's really a matter of capital management, not of business management. You can reduce your options for raising capital from the get go, or you can choose to deal with taxes and possibly even make those go away, like GE magically does. But there are no impediments to you delivering a product or service to make the sort of impact you are hoping to make.
"Editing"? You overestimate me. Anyway, thank you both for pointing this out, I've improved (I hope) the wording now.
I'm using Xubuntu 15.04 (going to upgrade to 15.10, but holding off for compat testing for a week or two). I've gone through a ton of distros and I've liked this one the best.

I ran Arch awhile ago, got tired of things breaking, then switched to, in series, Linux Mint, Kubuntu, Ubuntu, and then finally Xubuntu, which I actually like the look of. I'm considering switching to NixOS with AwesomeWM at some point, but everything's working pretty well for me under Xubuntu right now.
There's a limited amount a city or state can raise taxes. If they're too high, wealthy people will just leave. It's not hard to move if you have money. It does screw over the poor people left behind who now have high taxes and no tax base to pay for government services.

Reducing the pension burden is exactly Arnold and others are trying to do. The result of that is that some people are not going to get the pensions they thought they were. That sucks, but it's better than dissolving the government altogether.
Saudi court sentences poet to death for renouncing Islam
Yes, I'm not saying we're going to be able to grow bedframes. I just quite like the "DNA is code and we need a compiler" analogy.
When a 34-year-old biologist is asked what she is looking for in a man, she doesn’t respond with a height requirement

The research on the topic is quite clear that across all ages, across all cultures, and across all races, heterosexual womens' unspoken but critically important criteria in mate selection is height.
The Apache Software Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation.

The budget is tiny: a little over one million USD annually for ~200 projects, or around $5-6k per project. Running an inexpensive operation is key to avoiding being excessively dependent on sponsors.

The ASF is incredibly valuable and there's no question that there are potential sponsors out there would would be willing to give a lot more money in exchange for more direct influence. Being a tax-deductible 501(c)(3) -- as opposed to a 501(c)(6) -- in fact makes it easier to avoid that influence because it is so cumbersome for a 501(c)(3) to receive and spend direct donations without running afoul of the IRS.

The downside is that the ASF doesn't have a zillion dollars to blow on marketing and so people undervalue it.
I'm a bit scared, so far I've never read anything leading me to believe we can understand organic complexity. To my eyes writing DNA will only be a spectacular show of nopes.
I applaud your effort and I actually like your result but this just shows how much we need real reflection in C++17. I like to use C++ for its performance and the recent standards were a big leap in the right direction but reflection just isn't one of C++'s strengths.
Is it just me or does this seem really, really obvious? Any significant inputs to a system will significantly affect that system - unless you're a climate change denier.

All I see is a proposal for further research. Am I missing something?
We did take a look at Fast Boot and if I remember correctly it came with a big caveat that it's only suitable for the most brave. If Fast Boot were stable then Ember would have been a real strong contender.

I'm really excited at the rate of pace of change on the front-ends. My last project was in Backbone and React & Redux feel a gigantic leap forward. I'd love to experiment with Elm and Cycle.
The comment I was replying to said nothing about the environment, only individual wealth.

Also, it doesn't matter what economic system you're using, if your ratio of working people to non-working people decreases, your quality of life will also decrease.

Lastly, what I said doesn't require the population to grow, only to stay constant. If you want to reduce the population because it's somehow bad for the planet, you can do it gradually.
"Raise taxes and meet your obligations" And watch revenue and job generating companies move to locations with lower overhead making the situation even worse. It's not so simple as just raising taxes. For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction.
How a little bit of TCP knowledge is essential
Thanks for pointing that out, I think I've fixed it now. This stuff does bend my brain a little bit when dealing with function types. It's fine for concrete examples, but when I try to generalize it I have to think real hard and still mix it up sometimes.
Awesome looking product. I'm a non-profit tech consultant, and I definitely will be keeping you guys in mind for a certain type of client. Have you considered Salesforce integration? The donated licenses and the growing NPO ecosystem is causing me to see a lot of orgs moving to SFDC for core database needs.
Iirc, FirefoxOS is basically Android stripped of the Dalvik/ART runtime environment for the same reason.
> Yes, but bookstores are not filled with books written by Muslim historians. There is only side to the story being presented, and that's what annoys me.

When you are annoyed that modern historians/ authors omitted - Islamic Golden Age (IGA) - in the history of Mathematics and directly jump from Greek -> Renaissance[0], you are only singling out IGA and not calling out the omission of Indian (Aryabhatta, Bhaskara et al - pls refer to [2]) or Chinese (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art,Pascal's Triangle[3]) contributions. You might yourself be doing a non-willful omission and adding to the biases further. ("Greek -> IGA -> Renaissance" vs "Greek -> Chinese -> Indian -> IGA -> Renaissance")

[0] which may have been true earlier but I don't think it's true anymore - as one comment confirms that US schools have it in their curriculum, also Indian schools have in their curriculum.

As another commenter said, it's time to move on. In wikipedia, modern text books and elsewhere, this discrepancy is being/ has been set right and credit is given where credit is due.

[2]

Baudhayana - Śulba Sūtras- 800 BCE
Pāṇini (c. 520–460 BCE)
Aryabhata 476-550 CE
Varahamihira 505-587 CE
BrahmaGupta 598 CE
Bhaskara 600-680 CE

[3]

Jia Xian - Pascal's Triangle - 1010 CE
Zhoubi Suanjing c. 1000 BCE-100 CE -Astronomical theories, and computation techniques -Proof of the Pythagorean theorem etc.,
Elm will not replace React among most web developers for the simple reason that it is not JavaScript. It's easy to incrementally introduce React to JavaScript developers. Requiring an entire new language is a non-starter for many web developers (though I think the popularity of CoffeeScript and Babel et al is changing that to some extent)
I remember reading that Netflix practically ignores what you rate shows when generating recommendations, that using what you actually watch is much more accurate. You may have gave A Clockwork Orange 5 stars, but you binge watches Jersey Shore.

I imagine the same applies here. You might say height isn't a factor, but only picked men over 6'.
Debit cards are chip and pin now, granted
Curious why PyCharm isn't an option. There is really no reason to not use it. The type completion / introspection is amazing, saving at least an _hour_ per day.
Awesome, cool!

The repo's a bit of a commented-out mess (I was trying to get a bunch of broken impls working before I had to get back to real work), so let me know if you have any trouble. Always happy to help people learn the language. :)

I'm Gankro on github and the #rust IRC channel.
Trick your brain into thinking this is a color picture – Sciencedump
That's a good question. I don't know the answer.

What language are you working in now? Some really don't support variance (Go, apparently, and C would be an obvious example) but many others support it but just don't enforce it (Python and all the other dynamically-typed duck-typed languages).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revealed_preference