skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Oh boy, this test is going to ruffle some feathers. However, the choice of audio clip ensures that you can't tell the difference easily.

It's known that the only difference between well-prepared files of different bit depths is the noise floor. Basically, in any PCM audio file, you can expect noise of about 1 ULP. So in a 16-bit file you get a noise floor of -90 dB, and in an 8-bit file it's at -42 dB. This is the ONLY DIFFERENCE.

People who are here listening for distortion artifacts aren't going to find any, and they're going to be surprised. That's because you can always choose to introduce noise instead of distortion artifacts when you do the conversion. The noise is actually added on purpose, it's "dithering noise", and it's not there to mask the distortion, but to entirely replace it.

The math works like this. Take a high-resolution input, say, 16-bit. You're converting it to 8-bit. If you just convert, you'll introduce a distortion signal of about 1ULP. However, if you introduce 1ULP of uncorrelated rectangular noise, the distortion signal is now also uncorrelated noise, which is less objectionable than correlated noise. It's also harder to hear.

Then, how do you tell the difference between 16-bit and 8-bit audio files? You can only do it if there's a quiet part somewhere in there. As soon as there's a quiet part, you can hear a "hissing" sound in the 8-bit file at -42 dB. If you're listening to the middle of a rock song like this, the hissing sound is going to be buried in the mix. Heck, a typical guitar amp will already be putting out uncorrelated noise.
I work from home sometimes, and its a baseline assumption that my emails are being read by my employer. Therefore, his email serves two purposes, 1. it communicates to any line manager that he is in fact working, and 2. Letting his Coworkers know that he's expecting them to work odd hours like himself.
I think that's the sonic boom as the missile goes supersonic. Pressure wave changes the vapor point of water; water condenses in the shockwave left behind; moonlight reflects off the fog.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor_cone

Notice that the missile is a pinprick of light until it reaches a certain altitude & speed.
There are a lot of different schools of thought about approaching the stock market. One of them is the "chart" approach, where you (or an algorithm) try to discern the future movements of a company's stock price based on the past performance. Sometimes this works. Mostly, though, it doesn't.

There's also a big difference between "trading" and "investing." Trading is what you've described -- buying shares in the morning and hoping they'll go up in the afternoon so you can sell them later. Investing is buying shares of the company to become a part owner and hold them for years or decades, not days.

If you looked at NFLX's chart in 2012, you could "discern" that the share price would continue to hover around that price, maybe go up a little, maybe go down a little. And you could have bought it in September 2012 for $8 a share and sold for a nice $1 profit in October 2012 for $9 a share (split adjusted). But what the chart wouldn't have told you -- and would never have been able to tell you -- is that it would skyrocket in 2013 and up to its current split-adjusted price of $110 a share. The thing is, the chart never would have told you about this. And even a "pure" numerical analysis like could be done by a computer -- P/E ratios, cash flows, etc -- would not have predicted that growth. You could do DCFs all day every day in 2012 and never predict Netflix's rise. There are a lot of things that go into a company's rise that aren't numerical, like the quality of management, market moat, market growth, etc. And, of course, you had to buy it, and hold it for years, in order to see that return.

(In the interests of full disclosure, I should probably note that I'm a bit biased in this. I work for The Motley Fool, which advocates for long-term buy and hold investing, and produce a podcast for growth investors called Rule Breaker Investing.)
There are only a fixed number of Toyotas.

In what universe? In the one I live in, the number of Toyotas is steadily increasing as a function of time.
> it is much more for a man and woman in every country in the world.

In every country in the world? There are a large number of countries that allow marriages that does not meet your definition. Both polygamy and gay marriages.
> It is an unbelievably stressful game

This is why I don't play. So much stress.
Nutrition has changed far less over the last 50 years than you might think. The real issue is condensing it into sound bytes.

In a sound bite X More! vs. X Less! has a lot to do with peoples eating habits and overall health not just how good or bad X is.

Especially when it often breaks down as Benefits A, B, C vs. problems X, Y, Z. Yes, sometimes we add a benefit or risk to the list and or change the risk weights slightly, but rarely do things change all that much from one decade to the next.
Ask yourself dumb questions – and answer them
Wasn't the fast track legislation and such part of the cause of the worry? The idea being that it is negotiated in secret then pushed through before people can really create informed opinions.
"Over 30" includes 3, maybe 4 different generations. Lumping and discussing root causes for such a broad group seems very silly.
A similar thing happens in Mexico. According to article 27 of the Mexican constitution, all beaches are public property:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Mexico#Article...

So how does this work in relation to the de facto apartheid we have in Mexico, thanks to resorts? Same thing: the people with money make their own rules.

Edit: Never mind, upon further investigation, it seems that the public property is not defined by the constitution, but by other laws, and individuals can obtain certain temporary concessions to use it which roughly corresponds to leasing the land from the government:

http://mexicolaw.com/Lawinfo30.htm

http://www.eloscabos.gob.mx/pdf/lyr/reglamento-de-acceso-a-p...

This still does end up furthering the de facto apartheid we have in Mexico, however.
I guessed randomly and got "8/10 definitely not a random guess".

Someone needs to check their p values.
​Linus Torvalds vs. the internet security pros
Ultralight brings a whole new creative and fun workflow for mobile photo editing
Humans are better at recognizing satire as well, April Fools jokes have famously caused some algorithms to react poorly.
CHUTE TRAINER PARTNERS WITH LARGEST MARKETING FIRM IN GOLF
Thanks for posting this. It proves that I'm not insane. I've noticed for some time now that any increase in income in a region tends to largely be extracted as land rent and now I know that I'm not even close to being the first to notice this.

It's sort of incredible to me that our industry is so beholden to this. Computer-related tech should be the least beholden to rent of almost any industry since we have this Internet thing that allows us to communicate instantly over long distances. But ours actually seems to be among the more geo-concentrated industries.
We had a discussion on HN (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10442929) about an Economist article about Georgism.

The time is ripe.

There's a German economist Silvio Gesell, who make similar suggestions. See https://www.community-exchange.org/docs/Gesell/en/neo/
Facebook told by Belgian court to stop tracking non-users
Man dies at Airbnb rental
To me, processing lots and lots of data with "relatively simple" algorithms spells GPU, pretty much. Machine learning seemed destined to bump into GPUs sooner or later.
You could say that for any internet based software, including web browser. Thanks for the FUD.
You're right. There is not currently a theano.scan equivalent that dynamically loops over a dimension of a tensor.

That said, you can do a lot with truncated BPTT and LSTM. See the sequence modeling tutorial on tensorflow.org for more details.
They answered this recently I think in an AMA. It's to do with legacy and making sure the great thing they've created doesn't die.

It becomes less about the money rather quickly.
Land value taxes would be more useful.
Because capitalism. Dentists are not a cabal but a loosely affiliated set of individuals. As soon as one local dentist start filling teeth pain-free with great long-lasting results, all the other dentists had better adapt or they will go out of business.
Honestly, most people who care just build their own now. Custom gaming PCs are more common these days.
According to the "foreign private issuer" paragraph, "more than 50% of our assets cannot be located in the United States", and ditto for the board members.

They are primarily based in Sydney, they might be the biggest importers of developers in Australia actually ;) but the SF office is large too, they hold a few usergroups in it, as well as the Atlassian Summit which just ended (3-5 Nov). https://summit.atlassian.com . No wonder you believed they were SF based.
Users have complained to us about your account. After looking at the history, I think they're right.

Single-purpose accounts aren't good on HN, single-purpose political accounts are worse, and what you're doing is an abuse of the site. Threads here are supposed to be good-faith conversations, not ideological channels. HN is fine with anonymity, but that doesn't mean people get to twist it to push agendas—we're a community, there's an implicit social contract, and doing that undermines it. Please stop.
I see your Church of Scotland and raise you a Free Church of Scotland.

I wasn't a member (my girlfriend was) and I haven't attended a meeting in the last 20 years. But I was still shocked when they (grudgingly) allowed hymn singing in 2010.

Having said that, the garden bridge sounds more like a CofE-esque police state that a Free Church police state. I mean, it'll probably allow flowers and papists and all sorts.
Really because I heard that once you get past a certain age, let's say 65, your chance of getting cancer goes way down.
I'm one of these. PivotalTracker is the only thing I don't hate.
So candidates are absolutely free (and do) keep their proposals secret until they are finalized and ready to present. The problem with the TPP is fast trackign it through. Candidates don't present all their ideas 12 hours before a vote, they do it months in advance and people have time to analyze and debate the merits.
Social Media Use Skyrockets Among Senior Citizens
Lifetime: Khan Academy ported some code I wrote; it now runs all of their internal user engagement metrics.

Recently: Erin and Thomas are still busy putting the finishing touches on their half of Starfighter, and I'm basically just on client communications duty, so I gave myself a two-day engineering project as time off for good behavior.

Certain events which happen when players play Starfighter games are significant. We want to congratulate players when they happen, ideally in as close to real-time as possible. Also, since "strike when the iron is hot", if that player happens to be a job seeker that would be a really good time to do an introductory phone call if they're willing to do one.

We have heuristics which identify these important events and pipe them into Slack. The plan was originally "If we see one of the notifications, send them a person-to-person email."

But if you're playing Starfighter in your browser, you aren't in your email client, so you might not see the email until e.g. the next day. What we really want is like Facebook messenger, except inside our own application, hooked up to Slack, with the ability to be selective about who it is open to.

Enter Apollo, messenger of the gods:

Front-end: React and SockJS
Back-end: SockJS-go, some Go glue code, and NSQ
Back-end for Slack: three very trivial endpoints in our main Ruby on Rails application
Interface on Slack: two slash commands and one asynchronous incoming webhook

How it looks in practice:

In-app message window: https://www.evernote.com/l/Aaf2wn2dyxhPDoHAzSYymDcNIasqcmj91...

Slack:
https://www.evernote.com/l/Aadc-vDMIpxNc7z6XZ1_xH1jMSNOVJ-58...

Not bad for two days of work. (Starfighter will likely OSS the only hard part of this, which is the NSQ-to-websocket piece.)
I'm not defending civil partnerships, just noting that the change in 2004 was pretty significant.
I scored 10/10 in the test, but only because I experimented with this myself after I read Christopher Montgomery's article in 2012: As explained there, with active dithering, bit-depth and signal-to-noise level are interchangeable -- a signal with a small bit depth has a small signal-to-noise ratio. So one can clearly hear a subtle noise in the 8-bit samples, especially in the fade-out at the end.

In my experiments I found that for almost anything, that is not orchestral music, and that is newer than 1990, 8-bit sample depth are enough. That was really depressing.

By the way, a nice jest is to tell some random bystander that you're going to present them "8-bit" music and then play the 8-bit version of a song that was a victim of the loudness war. Supposedly, the 8-bit times were better than most people think. ;-)
IANAL but it looks like the story is more complicated then a simple public or private. This tax plot seems to show the road past the gate to the sharp bend IS public, but after the sharp bend their is no road easement recorded, the property lines go right to the middle of the road making it like a private shared driveway:

http://www.marinmap.org/Planner/queryRM.aspx?PID=064-276-22

And there is the additional complication of no place to turn around at the end of the public road so for safety cars have been limited to not travel past the gate.
> Landowners as a group are a monopoly

No, because a group can't be a monopoly, only a single actor can. A group can be an oligopoly, which is a different thing, but which can act a lot like a monopoly if the cooperate either formally (i.e., as a cartel) or informally.

But, while the group of all suppliers of any given good will always have 100% marketshare for that good, by definition, they do not therefore automatically constitute a monopoly or even oligopoly.

> those who can't afford land have no choice but to buy from them, for one needs a place to sleep, grow feed, and to just stand!

That's irrelevant to the "land is a monopoly" claim, and more relevant to the conclusion that land is a good where there are market features reducing elasticity of demand in certain ranges, which is very different. (Though it magnifies the attractiveness of establishing a monopoly or oligopoly on the good in question, since it increases the rents that can, thereby, by extracted.)
Well, I was in a situation where my small company had two people and I needed another programmer. One applicant came in who was clearly older - in his 60s I would guess. He came to the interview with a walker and looked in very bad health.

I really didn't care the age of who I hired but my company was tiny and it was a struggle for me to pay a good salary and provide insurance (both of which I did). I was not looking to take advantage of anybody. However if somebody came on and went on extended medical leave, I wouldn't have been able to keep paying them - not out of personal greed but because there literally would not be money to pay them. My salary was not much, if any more than my employees. Possible I might have had some legal obligation to keep providing some type of insurance - I'm not sure.

As it turns out he was completely unqualified - his resume did not jive at all with his knowledge - so I did not have to face the dilemma of whether I would hire him vs a younger, healthier applicant. But it did make me think and appreciate both sides of the situation.
20 years. You have to wait for any patents to expire.
alot isnot aword
Thank you very much for the response!

Other than googling, do you possibly have any resources that I can read that have helped you?
> Does any TPP article do more than fearmongering? Its clear there are people who are against low barriers to trade by principle.

Yes. Mises is made of people who are against low trade barriers on principles. /s

https://mises.org/library/we-need-actual-free-trade-not-tpp

> We Need Actual Free Trade, Not the TPP

> Nyhan is apparently deeply confused, however, since he equates the Trans Pacific Partnership with “trade liberalization.” In fact, the TPP is not about any type of liberalization, but is about centralizing political power.

http://www.zdnet.com/article/nz-it-industry-mobilises-to-fig...

> "We're an export-driven sector, so we love free trade", Taylor said. "However this can't come at the cost of the future of the technology industry, and that's what it will be if New Zealand's current law banning software patents is traded away in the TPP."

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/22/opinion/paul-krugman-trade...

> In any case, the Pacific trade deal isn’t really about trade. Some already low tariffs would come down, but the main thrust of the proposed deal involves strengthening intellectual property rights — things like drug patents and movie copyrights — and changing the way companies and countries settle disputes. And it’s by no means clear that either of those changes is good for America.

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/19/the-mis-selling-...

> William Daley’s pro-TPP op-ed in today’s Times is just awful, on multiple levels. No acknowledgment that the real arguments are not about trade but about intellectual property and dispute settlement; on top of that a crude mercantilist claim that trade liberalization is good because it means more exports; some Dean Baker bait with numbers — $31 billion in trade surplus! All of 0.2 percent of GDP!

http://www.vox.com/2015/10/5/9454511/tpp-cost-medicine

> So in the United States, there are really protective rules around this: Any maker of a biologic gets 12 years of data exclusivity. The FDA can't approve a similar drug that relies on the original data during this time. ... By contrast, in other countries, there are looser rules — or no rules — around such data exclusivity. Japan offers eight years, for instance. Brunei offers zero.

> At the moment, it's up to countries to decide whether things like a small change in a drug molecule should warrant a patent extension. But the final TPP creates patent-related obligations in countries that never had them before, explained Rius Sanjuan. To put it simply, this would directly target a country's ability to define its own patent law and put a higher standard on when generics can become available.
For all that effort to reduce oxidiser mass by using atmospheric oxygen, it's still 80% propellant by mass. Saturn V was 85%.

Still impressive if they can make it work, since of course Saturn V wasn't reusable.
That's a great direction for startups, do you know any startups which are not about death, wills, health etc. that are approaching seniors?
The first president to bend the Constitution to reduce Congress's role in making trade deals and treaties was... George Washington, of all people.

Note that the Constitution says "[The president] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur." At the time this was written, the intent was clearly to have the Senate be as intimately involved in the treaty negotiation process as the president. George Washington started his first treaty by basically asking the Senate what the negotiators should be aiming for. Neither the Senate nor Washington was happy with the process, and so Washington (nor any subsequent president) attempted a repeat.
(See <http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/congress/treaties_senate...).
The "Revolver" plugin for chrome does something very similar.

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/revolver-tabs/dlkn...
No, the problem is that you end up handcuffed by various interests in the process of negotiating.

If you try to give up one thing (e.g. free trade) in exchange for another (anti-counterfeiting provisions) and you get jumped on as soon as you suggest the first you never get a chance to broach the second.

Maybe the solution is to have a mandatory waiting period after the full text is released. 90 days before any votes can take place, something like that. Gives people time to go through and actually evaluate the proposal as a whole.
I already gave you an example in another thread of how it serves a purpose for gay people. There are many legal advantages to having your relationship legally recognized. E.g., immigration, hospital visitation rights, ...
Check if your brokerage is offering them. Usually there will be a way you can sign up for "new issues".

In this arrangement, you would enter into an "expression of interest" to purchase shares at the IPO price, if your broker was allotted any shares by the underwriters. Once you have entered into this, you must be ready to buy the number of shares you indicated at the IPO price, but if there is a lot of interest, you may not get fully filled and may not even get filled at all.
This article is bordering on pseudoscience.

When you do experiments you must understand your experimental design enough to understand exactly what you're testing and what conclusions can be drawn from that. If you do A/B testing of 8-bit/16-bit (which is a good idea) you have to understand you're doing the test through your current audio hardware.

The whole point of the Pono player is to have higher quality hardwhere everywhere, including pre-amps and DACs so you have a chance to hear subtle differences.

If you do this test through your laptop speakers you really might not be able to tell the difference. If you'd like to "debunk" the Pono player then do this test through a Pono player pushing music through quality studio headphones.

Making things worse they're using Neil Young's Rockin In The Free World which contains, get this, large amounts of harmonic distortion to begin with. The pre-existing harmonic distortion will only serve to mask any distortion and fidelity loss from truncating to 8-bits.

If you don't own high-fidelity music equipment then this test is like proving high definition television is impossible because you can't tell the difference between a standard and high definition signals on your standard definition TV.
About Feminism (2014)
ISRAEL+Never+FORGIVEN+BY+GOD+THE+CREATOR+-+YouTube
Can't agree more. The first time I looked up tensors when they appeared in Torch I got totally confused by the description of tensors used in physics.
Yeah, trivial to brute force.
In my experience, Confluence sucks a lot less than SharePoint.

The unfortunate thing with any Wiki or document sharing tool is they tend to become cesspools of outdated or contradictory information. It has to be someone's job responsibility to keep it updated and curated.
The Dark Past of Putin’s Media Chief
Uh, so what happened? Were you working on a GPU project at Google before management came around to this way of thinking, and it got canned?

That sucks, but that kind of thing happens a lot. It's not that surprising. Google wanted a homogeneous infrastructure for a long time. But a new application (neural networks) motivated a new infrastructure (GPUs in clusters).

There was that Stanford paper everyone talks about which compared training a neural network on Google's 16K cores (DistBelief paper) vs a handful of GPUs with infiniband. Even Andrew Ng has seemed to subtly criticize Google for thinking "the old way" (i.e. "cloud" technology vs HPC technology, HPC being more effective for neural nets)

Also, I don't quite understand your comment about brawny vs. wimpy. Yes Urs wrote a rebuttal against wimpy cores. As far as I remember, his argument is basically that there is some portion of software on the critical latency path that's not multithreaded. wimpy cores make the most sense in a world of perfect parallelism.
There are many different kinds of prayer in the (for example) Christian tradition. You might be thinking of intercessionary prayer, but there is also contemplative prayer which is indeed a lot more like meditation.
My Misconceptions: The Quantum Latch
Open Source Software: a legal guide