skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> The WantedBy value in the system definition file isn't an absolute (nor are the similar values Wants/Requr[i]es/RequiredBy/etc).

Is this true of the identically-named keys in the Unit section?

> If I don't like how the distro or packager has set up the service file, I can override it. ... This is the real reason why systemd uses key=value stores for units; merging them is trivial while merging shell scripts is decidedly not.

You should look at how OpenRC handles service dependency specification. It's at least as flexible as the system you describe in systemd. :)

> Putting the overrides in a separate directory is a pretty nice decision...

Yep. At dependency graph generation time, OpenRC examines its master config file at /etc/rc.conf as well as config files in /etc/conf.d/ for -among other things- additions to the need, use, before, &etc declarations in the depends section of a given service's init script. To augment -say- the "use" list in the openvpn service, either add the line

rc_use="my_custom_service"

to /etc/conf.d/openvpn , or add the line

openvpn_rc_use="my_custom_service"

to the OpenRC master config file at /etc/rc.conf . If I -say- wanted to override OpenVPN's default dependency on the "net" virtual service, I would add

rc_need="!net"

to /etc/conf.d/openvpn (or perform a similar transformation as before and store in /etc/rc.conf).

> I can make that symlink manually, if I want, or I can call...

To add the openvpn service to the "custom_init" and "default" runlevels, I would simply do

rc-update add openvpn custom_init default

If I omit the runlevel, the service is added to the current runlevel. I could screw around with symlinks if I cared to, but why would I? :)

The OpenRC configuration processing system is substantially more powerful than I describe, handles the processing of OpenRC-standard config files [0] automatically, and lets you shift the complexity of a configurable init script that should be in a config file into a config file.

Because my overrides and augmentations to the distro-supplied init scripts are in text files stored in standard places, I -too- can easily put them in version control and track their changes over time.

[0] Which -shockingly enough- look exactly like what any Linux programmer would expect a non-XML non-JSON text config file to look like. ;)
Do you know what an externality is? Do you know that ignoring them distorts the market?
Are physical potential energy storage systems completely impractical?

Flywheels, compressed air, gravity storage?
Impact unknown! Meanwhile many American dentists install mercury amalgam (about 50% Hg) in tooth cavities inches from the brain where it will sit for years on end. How can anyone support this with a straight face. The response is something like 'yes,we know mercury is a devastating neurotoxin but it's tightly bound in the amalgam and there is no proven statistical relationship to say it's dangerous'.
except on the title. and the lide. and the eye.

the fact that they have no fact is burried, while the sensationalist accusation is highlighted.
DNA extracted from ancient African skeleton shows mixing with Eurasians
Someone should've posted a polite correction instead of downvoting you. So:

The thinking behind the file system layout had nothing to do with the available disk space or having a read-only file system. It was, originally, entirely a hedge against corruption; before journaling file systems and all that jazz, if your system was hit by a power outage and it was in the middle of some operation or another it might corrupt whatever file system it was working in.

So, you would create multiple partitions and have different directories as the mount point for each partition. Say for instance that, as a cautious sysadmin, you put /sbin on its own partition. Excellent! Since /sbin rarely gets touched, if everything goes pear-shaped, the system will still boot into single user mode and you can use tools like fsck and mount, which are under the uncorrupted /sbin partition and are statically linked. If you couldn't for some reason recover the file system on a particular partition, then you might be looking at having to load, say, /etc from backups, instead of everything under /.

Over time, other software started to take advantage of multiple partition layouts to protect you from getting hurt. You could mark some partitions noexec, nosuid, or restrict operations like rm or rsync to specific partitions without having to worry about whether or not they'll crawl out of that partition and eat the world.

But that's pretty old-school now. As file systems improved and corruption was less of a problem and everybody sort of gave up caring about what options rm accepted, more and more systems just mounted everything under / so that you would be maximally boned if ever there was a filesystem problem. Progress!

OpenBSD is one of few operating systems left that has a set of recommendations for how to partition your system: http://www.openbsd.org/faq/faq4.html#Partitioning

So that's why I'm not a fan of "novel file system layouts"; the previous layout was designed and existed for some good reasons and I have a hunch that the people that are happy about novel file system layouts don't know about those reasons.
Digital Entitlement and Product Key Activation Methods in Windows 10
Microsoft’s newest version of Windows – Windows 10 can be activated via two methods, Product Key method ie. the process of validating software with the manufacture, and the newly introduced Digital Entitlement. In addition to 25-character product key method, there’s another method for activating Windows 10 – Digital Entitlement. The method does not use a product key. The core difference between the two activation methods is the latter does not require a product key. Primarily, all activation methods for Windows are designed to help protect user privacy. All the data that is gathered is used to confirm if the software is a legally licensed copy.
About a year back I was tasked with porting an installer for a proprietary product to work on Linux. I wanted to show the log files to the user in the graphical installer and I ended up using xdg-open, which as it turns out opens text files in Firefox, even though light weight editors are present on the system.

I also found that some scripts had the hashbang line as /bin/env which works on RHEL, but not on SuSE.

I have also been trying to write some scripts that work across multiple distros. Detecting distros is wierd. "lsb-release" is not present in most distros. "/etc/issue.net" is present in some, but not on ArchLinux.

No wonder ISVs find it hard to support Linux. I suspect the technical side of this problem is probably trivial, the leadership side, not so much.
There is stunningly little content in that link. There's a lot of broad points absolutely devoid of serious examples of how they are problems under systemd.

You can't just go "attack surface" and have said anything useful, nor can you point at volume of code if that code is actually needed. All criticisms of systemd usually depend on people completely ignoring the very serious problems you can't solve with sysvinit and which do make actual, practical systems less secure (i.e. cgroup process isolation is amazing, and a lack of real service management is a huge problem and any service management is going to be running as root period. Yet there's been a real claim that service management is "what your sysadmin does". Why even bother with computing then?)
Amazon Takes Aim at Etsy with a New Craft Site, Handmade
I am sorry to see the down votes happen, but I can tell you that seeing your questions bring up memories of conversations I've had with friends and family about this issue. They, too, were curious about the issues of tracking and cookies, but in my experience nobody's opinion changes beyond their initial gut reaction, and extended discussion on the topic do not result in much listening-- only non-stop talking. So I wonder if the down votes in this thread are a silent attempt to discourage discussion along this route to prevent a flame.
Let's assume what he says is true. Then the managers of those engineers are incompetent and their managers also. If you hire people who do this sort of thing, and you don't even notice, then the problem is yours. There's no scapegoating here.

Still assuming this is true: If a few rogue individual engineers can do this, imagine what else could be lurking in that codebase.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10353818
Mission statement was always the same. It's just no longer a default.

Note that user who signed up before the default change took place still have the old defaults!
Download Sample Gate Pass Format
Docker Java App on 4 App Stacks (Tomcat, JBoss, GlassFish and Jetty)
> Even without subsidies, there is no reason to ever build another coal or oil fired generation facility.

You seem to be assuming that world demand for power can never rise. I find that... unlikely.
I do get that. Still, what I get from the article is that the owners were manipulated into throwing far too much money at the problem. We could have much the same discussion about asbestos, lead paint, etc. One key issue is removal vs encapsulation.
> Well, there goes net neutrality

I think you've mixed up Google and Apple the wireless device makers with Google and Apple the providers of web-based services. The article it talking about the former, not the later.
There are a couple of differences with Mandarin that made us think it would be very difficult to have our English speech system work well with it. One is that it’s a tonal language, so when you say a word in a different pitch, it changes the meaning of the word, which is definitely not the case in English.

This is fascinating. I've been living in Vietnam for a while now and struggling to learn Vietnamese. Mastering any tonal language is quite difficult for native English speakers so I've wondered how hard it would be to develop speech recognition algorithms for Chinese or Vietnamese. Sounds like it's actually not that difficult but it requires a different approach than non-tonal languages.
Of course, history doesn't necessarily repeat itself, but Elon Musk's

"But cars are very complex compared to phones or smartwatches. You can’t just go to a supplier like Foxconn and say: Build me a car,” he said."

made me think of Ed Colligan, then Palm CEO, in 2007:

"We've learned and struggled for a few years here figuring out how to make a decent phone. PC guys are not going to just figure this out. They're not going to just walk in."
OneDrive Python SDK
I don't want intelligent tools. The smarter the tool the more difficult it is to fix when it inevitably breaks. The intelligence might save a few minutes every so often, but the failures can cost hours, and at a time when you might urgently need things to work correctly. Predictability is more valuable.
Unit files are simple to write, and make incorporating new custom processes even simpler (does it log to stdout? It'll log to journald and then syslog perfectly fine).

Process management is built in and sophisticated (restarts, timeouts, conditions, limits etc.).

The dependency system is amazing for ensuring your system fails sensibly: I can link mountpoints to processes, and easily guarantee that a mail daemon only runs when its network mount is ready, and then make it also shutdown if that mount goes away for any reason. This is huge for self-documenting infrastructure - you can ensure that even manual intervention in the system won't leave it in a weird state, and the why is all right there.
Stripe Hires Thrive Capital’s Will Gaybrick as First CFO
Mostly free beta tester and patches BUT also increase a LOT your chances to hire.
It's not just inadequate computing power. Cliff Mass has a good run-down on his blog: http://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2012/03/us-fallen-behind-in-nu...

The number two reason on Cliff's list is "The U.S. has used inferior data assimilation", but that will be changing next week! The Ensemble Kalman Filter goes live next week: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/notification/tin15-43gefs.htm

It's unlikely this will cause an upset (the US is far behind), but it should at least close the gap.
I think this mercury scare is overrated. I have played with thermometer mercury many times as a child. I used to break thermometer to get the mercury out and play with it as it was very interesting liquid! Am still well and alive after 20-25 years.
> Welcome to the world of embedded RTOSs, where
> everything is running within a single application.
> There's certainly no memory protection.

Generally, I agree, even though there have been quite a few chips already that have a primitive "Memory Protection Unit" that typically only distinguishes two processor states and you'd be able to protect the working data of e.g. the scheduler and your watchdog from the rest of the code running on your system. Which is much better than nothing!

But in the end the important consequence is: Having everything in one address space encourages people to violate the concepts that memory protection between tasks on your PC typically enforces, e.g. tasks reading from, and writing to other tasks' data structures without proper synchronization; instead of using proper IPC mechanisms like queues. Which is probably what these 10'000 global variables were used for.
Holy strawman. Taxing fossil fuel now equals abandoning industrial civilization?

As of 2007, Bill McKibben, founder of 350.org, leading opponent of the Keystone XL pipeline, wants taxes that will prohibit 80% of fossil fuel use. Since then, he has called for outlawing 90-95% if fossil fuel use.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_McKibben

If you don't believe this, there is a very famous article of his that Rolling Stone published in 2012.

There are few voices standing in his way, and if he accomplishes his stated goals, that is an abandonment of industrial civilization.
> ...if the code is over some quality level (which can be measured with bugs count) then the source itself is implementation documentation.

Oh, you summer child.

In any complex software project, there's always a difference between the contract described by the system's specification and the contract described by the software as implemented.

The big difference between the explicit contract of the documentation and implicit contract of the code is that -in areas on which the documentation is silent- the contract described by the code is subject to change at any time, without warning. Raymond Chen [0] has spilled much ink over customers who have gotten badly burned by changes in the implicit contract some time after they made use of something that the code permitted, but the documentation did not describe as possible and/or supported.

[0] Microsoft most notable backwards-compatibility guru
I bet you $1000 to a charity of your choice that utility scale batteries combined with renewables replace natural gas for electricity generation in the US in the next 10 years. I shall even assume all the risk. If I'm correct, you can buy me a coffee.
James Bottomley: The Linux Kernel Mailing List Behavior Isn't All That Bad
Show HN: Better Gulp subtasks with gulp-load-subtasks
It should be notes that this was often said about Japan back in the 80's.
I was not aware that the off option was only possible on enterprise. That said I, the developer, can completely understand why. That information is integral to successfully determine future work with the system.

But in any case, if that is the only thing one cannot turn completely off for average user, I'd say it's a pretty good compromise between features and still giving power to the powerusers. Still it's odd the off option isn't possible for everyone.
The money is in the Bitcoin protocol
OK, fine; I am speaking of those entities who originate and collect payment on a home loan. You pointed me to a government-sponsored enterprise that places an insurance stipulation in the terms of its voluntary contract with lenders who wish to guarantee or pass-through their loans.

Granted, almost no one will originate a subprime loan these days, because everyone in the private-label MBS business got out or was bailed out, so the best this example shows is a de facto standard set by the guarantor of last resort.
The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobs (2012)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP_per...

The information is there and you can look up the countries yourself.
Isn't that what sites like Reddit and this place are? Or have I missed your point?
It's extremely rare for music to contain anything below 30Hz. Even below 40Hz is rare. The only place you're likely to find such low frequencies is sound effects in movie soundtracks.
http://i.imgur.com/pObUJKp.jpg
We don't know that. That's hindsight bias. There are so many things that happened before the industrial revolution that contributed. I mentioned the printing press and modern mathematics. The creation of a totally different economic system than the Romans had. I also read once about the development of the canon lead to experimenting with better and better metal working. Which eventually allowed steam engines.

The Romans had no concept of the scientific method. No concept of machines that could do work or produce energy. The whole philosophy that the universe obeyed simple laws that could be discovered empirically was foreign to them. The Greeks believed that they could discover the laws of the universe just by thinking really hard about them.

An interesting take on this is Archimede's Chronophone: http://lesswrong.com/lw/h5/archimedess_chronophone/
If these things do happen (are they really any reliable predictions?), perhaps they're compensated for by the fact that we can grow enough food to feed the planet thanks to fertilizers and fossil fuel powered transportation. The situation would probably be worse without fossil fuels (limited to mostly medieval technology) than even a doomsday scenario with them.

Don't forget ocean ecosystems have already more or less collapsed due to fishing and mass human migration has already happened due to urbanization and population growth. Most city buildings that exist today will have been constructed in the last few decades or certainly the last century. We're quite fast at moving and developing civilizations.
It's brutal and a waste of time. We're moving from our own docker registry instances to AWS' offering as soon as we get access from Amazon.
Redpill – Matrix Screen Saver for Mac OS (Yosemite and Ei Captain)
Khan Academy React Coding Style Guides
Khan Academy Coding Style Guides
Well, it makes the whole adoption story even more irritating.

Literally everyone with a clue in the matter seems to
hate systemd with passion[1].

A long-term Debian Maintainer quit over the issue[2].

Linus himself (as you quoted) seems more than
a little annoyed by systemd and its developer.

And yet somehow systemd made its way into all major distros...

[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/8/12/459

[2] http://err.no/personal/blog/2014/Nov/16
I like the idea here (every app / installable) sits entirely under one directory, all config, binaries etc.

However isn't the problem that we need everyone to agree to do this? Additionally it is nice to have all config in /etc
So just to be clear, we still do not know from what is included in this cost comparison, correct?
A third of adults search Google for answers without trying to remember
i somehow am having traffic timeout to most cloudflare severs

I had all sorts of intermittent problems like this about 18 months ago. In my particular case it was

The web server reported a bad gateway error.

Dan and I went back and forth a few times in email but didn't conclude anything before things cleared up. I haven't seen the problems since.

One thing to try is to set up a Personal Hotspot on a phone, and point your laptop at that. In my case I would still see the same errors.

Good luck.

Edit: this may be nothing but IIRC I had more problems trying to access HN anonymously than if I was logged in. Sounds crazy, but most intermittent problems are exactly that: crazy.
SmileBasic for 3DS releases October 15th
Probably just more intuitive more than anything else. Someone without prior knowledge to the operating system (or even computers in general) and things like /Apps is really obvious where as /bin and /sbin understanding is really going to depending on how much someone knows about computers.
> Are employers getting access to search data today?

The more it's used, the cheaper it becomes to collect and sell. The issue is never about how it is used today; always about how it can be used in the future.

You can always find a way to work for yourself and avoid passing an employer background check. I'm more worried about political parties and private eyes -- blackmail, extortion, ugly divorce proceedings, etc. This can have a chilling effect on free speech and curiosity.

The Jacob Applebaum talk explaining linkability.[1]

Anyone who has access to any website where you logged into an account you publicly admit to owning can link your public identity to any private/anonymous persona, given another marketing data source. Verizon "owns the data", but not really. They are the original owner of the data, but eventually Expirion (target of the recent T-Mobile-Experion data theft) and the other credit reporting agencies will have your X-UIDH. Facebook, Twitter, and Google will know as soon as you log in once. They will be able to identify all of your accounts, perhaps even if you use a VPN.

As with any other high tech tracking, the average end-user is either unaware of the zombie cookie or unaware of the full capabilities of the linkability of it.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHoJ9pQ0cn8
They'll make a movie out of this one.
I used to think the magic fix for comment sections was linking them to a concrete identity. Then I see pages where people post deliberately offensive remarks with their name on it, and I decided that most websites don't need a comments section. It seems to work better in smaller communities than the entire Internet.