skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The Independent have been running this story all week, few others have made it a story like they have in their papers (they do a tabloid version of the Independent too, not that anyone reads papers these days).

American safety standards have worked well for the U.S. over the years, many European (and other) marques simply don't bother to put their cars through the tests or to spoil their designs with 'Duplo lego style' headlamps/bumpers and other odd U.S. requirements for what Americans consider 'safety'. It has been like this too with emissions over the years, why bother exporting to the U.S. when it is so much hassle to get a car good for the E.U. market dumbed down for the U.S. market?

There is also the Chicken Tax (25% on light trucks), so there is a lot of protectionism under various guises of safety/pollution that has gone on over the years. No idea why things are going to be 'harmonised' now, however the status quo has left American motors retarded as far as engineering is concerned. This makes all American cars uncompetitive as far as the rest of the developed world is concerned. Tesla is probably the only exception. Other than the desirable Tesla, American cars have at best novelty value in Europe, only bought by people who have some other motive - stretched limos, that sort of thing.

Safety itself is a complete joke regardless of what regulations you have. On a recent visit to Silverstone I could not help but notice how every car had a roll cage, harness seating and a driver accessible fire extinguisher amongst other modifications. And Silverstone does not have trees to hit at the side of the road, there is zero on-coming traffic and it is not exactly as if there are side-roads, or even unexpected twists in the track. Admittedly speeds are a tad higher than what you can expect on the school run, however, go at 40mph or higher in any consumer automobile and you are going to be heading for the hospital if you hit something hard like another car doing the same speed the other way. In fact I don't think the NCAP tests are ever above 40 mph for this very reason.
I have two German-made, US-delivery cars with seatbelt switches and pressure mats (occupancy detection) in the passenger seats. I was hoping that this made them smarter than the Toyota and Volvo I own which have no such things wired into their airbag systems, which certainly work as described in this thread.
This is one of the many Cross and Circle games[1], all of which use very similar design. Other examples include Pachisi (oldest), Ludo and "Mensch ärgere dich nicht" (last one is called simply "The Chinese" in Eastern Europe and is quite popular there)

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_and_circle_game
Ask HN: Ergonomic office chair recommendations
I've just bought a standing desk which I'm getting used to, but I need an office chair to go with it. Who's using what to sit on and how do you like it?
Here is the way this works.

The person who posts PDFs on websites with MD5/SHA1/SHA256 hashes adds a watchdog to verify that those hashes aren't changing - Once you get the framework together, adding a new page with hashes to the watchdog takes just a few seconds. That way, if the random ISP(s) or third parties are modifying those sums on the fly, will trigger the watchdog.

As to whether most people check the sum - I have no idea, but at least anybody who wants to take 90 seconds to authenticate the document can just go:

x=Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf ; md5 $x; shasum -a 1 $x; shasum -a 256 $x;

Keep in mind - I totally agree with you that this isn't a great mechanism, but I would argue it's better than nothing at all. (as long as someone has a watchdog to confirm the hashes aren't being modified in flight - they could probably help their case a little by at least serving those pages with HTTPS).

A much better mechanism would be to use OpenBSDs signify (http://www.openbsd.org/papers/bsdcan-signify.html) which solves this whole problem of trying to sign documents with something simple that doesn't involve byzantine chains of trust in a very elegant way.

They could just create a key pair:

signify -G -p threatpub -s sec

And make their public key, which is short, and easy to copy/distribute everywhere - looks like this:

untrusted comment: signify public key
RWQw2u3UPjm6spK9OYJxylK2jSKz2agskG2EKPsxwFN4IjHVw66dYPhT

And then, with each document they create, they just sign the PDF:

signify -S -s sec -m Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf

Which provides a signature file, signed with their private key:

untrusted comment: signature from signify secret key
RWQw2u3UPjm6svkWhs4fgy1Qi0P72hp+uDuTxX8bDSvd/qr/7vc55v+PndgDdWOWj0JiLco/CCfOzw6Alau9RTi5gBiHSzuRHAs=

Now, those two documents, the PDF and the Signature file - can be distributed everywhere - and are not subject to a malware attack because everyone has ThreatConnect's public key, which they can use to verify any threatconnect file and signature, with the simple command:

signify -V -p threatpub -m Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf

I'm presuming that's the better mechanism you have in mind for this sort of thing? I think I'll forward our thread over to the threatconnect team, see if they are willing to upgrade their procedures.
Profiled: From Radio to Porn, British Spies Track Web Users’ Online Identities
I'm not sure but I think airbags do detonate on most cars, regardless of the seat belt status. It would be too complicated or unreliable to couple the two systems.

However: an airbag isn't very effective (and could even be dangerous) without the seat belt, so manufacturers in Europe aren't really required to worry about the safety without seat belts. Effectively the safety regulations say: those with no seat belts are idiots breaking the law and it's not your job to worry about the safety those people. Which is completely sensible.

I think optional seat belt laws as found in some parts of the US can make some sense there (owing a lot to the fact that there is no single payer healthcare...) BUT the reasonable thing to do would be to not force car manufacturers to make cars less safe for those who do wear seat belts.
The Debian 900000/1000000th bug contest
Ask HN: What markets should be disrupted?
I found several sources for Markets ready for disruption, like education, health, insurance, etc.

But what is the best way to look for special ideas that should create a significant impact?

Some sources:

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140709144459-8336796-32-markets-ready-for-disruption

https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-10B+-markets-ripe-for-disruption
It's very popular in India too. we call it Ludo.
I want this so badly... still no money :/
It is a picture of a guy they are talking about in the article so I am not sure it is constructive to say it enforces racist stereotypes. It is not a lambda photography from Getty (or other) just used to fill some space.
Facebook doesn't need a dislike button, but your business does
I'd rather have racing-style belts and no air bag. Racing style go over both shoulders, are wider, and are fixed length.

There are some horrific crashes in auto racing and the drivers walk away. That convinces me.
So what are the M generic functions that we can apply to all monads?
That's a lot of fun :). It's a bit frustrating though that once you've grabbed a logic operator from the panel left, it loses the annotations. For example, for function application, i'd forgotten if the top or the bottom hole was for the function... Maybe i should just work on my short-term memory...

EDIT: I'm not really sure what the point is of all the propositions they want you to prove using bottom? Yeah so your logic is inconsistent if you introduce bottom as a true proposition, big deal :/
Also, how many couples actually keep their email secret from each other? How many would have no expectation of privacy here, and hence view the subject differently?
This sounds less like a problem with writing essays and more with a fear of being judged - I know, because I have the same problem.

"I don't have anything to say to people who know less than me, because explaining obvious things seems boring [...] I feel like they are smarter than me and already know everything I am about to say"

I've suffered from this for years. 'That idea sounds stupid - it's far too simple', or 'if I write this / make this my peers will judge me'. When the reality, the people you look up to probably aren't looking at you, and there are far, far more people who, despite you thinking something is obvious, will find value in your work.

Reading HN (and similar) we're exposed to some incredible people - those at the top of their game. Because you or I am not that person doesn't mean that what we write doesn't have value to someone.

My friend has recently published his third novel. It's quite good. He started writing when we lived together at university 15 years. I used to read his short stories back then. It took him 13 years to publish his first book. But he wrote voraciously in the meantime. Most of us don't start great - it comes with practice.

Basically what I'm saying, is pick a topic - even one you consider too simple - and get started. Write 300 words. Then do the same tomorrow. Then the next day. Your writing will improve, you'll read more, research more, learn more - and new ideas will come to the point where you'll have more ideas than time. Like the writing itself, it comes with practice. And those 'obvious' topics you start with - they'll undoubtedly benefit someone in the long run.
1. Consumers are moving away from desktop PCs

2. If you have a laptop, and a 13 hour print, you shouldn't need to have it tethered during the whole print. Many repraps don't even have SD card readers.

3. Why are we still tethering and transferring files physically? This is 2015.

4. Processing toolpaths on your PC means that your results will vary based on which PC you are using. And the majority of users won't get the performance that you could get by just sharing cloud server resources.

5. The PC requirement also severely limits your ability to access data about your machine, and integrations into other services.

Now that my 3D printer is driven from the cloud, I don't need to worry about slicer updates, driver updates, or hardware performance. My machine operates as a service that I can access and control from anywhere.

In summary, using the cloud for toolpath generation untethers us from the machine, removes the manual labour, enables mobile usage, and allows these machines to integrate into other services.
My dad was in the RAF while I was growing up. This brings back a lot of memories. This and cribbage are two games my parents and their friends played that will always remind me of places where we lived as I grew up.
Get anything delivered using mobile
> result in cheaper development. I.e. you haven't shown that Haskell's rich type system solves a real problem

I think there's too little agreement in this thread about what "cheaper" and "real problem" mean. I certainly find that Haskell "more cheaply" (i.e. with less mental burden) allows me, as an individual, to write programs more easily. Whether that observation scales to everyone is a very hard question to answer.

> But you said "perform your proofs in the same term language in which your program is written". If the actual interesting verification is done by other tools why is your approach better than Amazon's (write in Java, verify in TLA+)?

On the face of it, proving by manipulating Haskell expressions certainly compares favourably to proving with TLA+ and then translating into Haskell (or other language). There may, on the other hand, be additional tooling advantages around TLA+.
What you have to remember is that those European Chrysler efforts like the Jeep are not made in America. They are made by Magna Steyr in Austria alongside plenty of other SUV's - the BMW ones and the Mercedes ones have been made in the same OEM/contract facility over the years.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Steyr
I can assure you it is still common at sea - but then Royal have been rather focused on hot and sandy places for a decade. Essentially one of the coffee tables in a mess will be set up as an Uckers board. On older ships it will have the names of those who have achieved a perfect score written around the side - for some reason often the WAFUs (flight crew) and WEO/DWEO (weapon engineering officer)...

Different ships and parts of the Royal Navy (such as the Fleet Air Arm) will have their own variations on the rules. Words from Uckers such as "mixiblob" are common parlance in "Jackspeak" the language of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines.

You'll often find sailors have produced their own boards / pieces. For instance the last board I played on had pieces that had been crafted from 20mm shell casings which fit perfectly on that sized board.
By binary search I'm assuming you mean via the "Revision history search" tool that can be found in the history page right? Yeah there are a bunch of cases where it doesn't work so well, especially if the change happened hundreds of revisions ago, but like you said you can always resort to looking at individual diffs.

Regardless, someone can be held accountable for the edits, it's just a matter of having to do more work because of the multi-contributor nature of Wikipedia. And in 90% of the cases, the offending statement is the last edit made; people and bots are usually really good at watching pages and recent changes for vandalism.
How cloud computing is helping SMEs
Apache seems a strange license for data. Why not CC-0 like for instance wikidata?
I actually disagree. There's a big difference between reinventing the wheel - which happens because you didn't know that somebody else had thought of this before and already solved the problem - and building your own wheel because none of the off-the-shelf wheels work that great for your needs.

If this is a small business website and will never be built on ever again, then absolutely ignore the hate and go Wordpress. If it's something that might be extended over the years into use cases beyond just a webform to post an article with a title and a body then it's worth evaluating if you might be able to custom tailor a better fit for your business.
This is pretty good from the ex-maintainer of Planner mode, Emacswiki mode and Remember mode:

https://gumroad.com/l/no-excuses-blogging
This is pretty good form the ex-maintainer of Planner mode, Emacswiki mode and Remember mode:

https://gumroad.com/l/no-excuses-blogging
First three norwegian cities I looked up was given the wrong name. (Plesund (should be Ålesund), Bodi (Bodø) and Tdnsberg (Tønsberg)). So, I think it is safe to say that there are encoding issues in the data set.
> rather appreciate the symbiosis that has developed within IT in general.

Microsoft has been a bully for very long. Whether that has been beneficial or detrimental to IT cannot be proved, of course, but whichever you believe, one must acknowledge the other side.

Personally, I think Microsoft held personal computing back by at least a decade. The Amiga 1000, in 1985, was better at Graphics, Sound, Games, and even multitasking than the PC of 1995, and was way cheaper (for the same functionality) then the PC of 1985[0]. Amiga died because of mismanagement, mostly, but might have succeeded if MS did not commoditize the PC market. (Amiga wasn't the only player at the time -- commoditizing the PC killed most of the variety)

Also, BeOS, in 1995, was way better than Windows 95 for all home uses; At the time, windows was popular but not dominant (DOS was still king), and BeOS actually was a competitor; Microsoft flexed their muscles and killed BeOS by forcing vendors to pay full Windows price for any unit sold (on one hand), and disallowing selling dual boot machines (on the other).

> Without Microsoft and Apple, how many of the generations that have contributed to open source, be were they are now??

Why, running Amiga 16000s, Atari ST 5200s, Sinclair QLs and Acorn Aristotles. There was once a thriving echosystem that comprised a lot more variety. And it died ~20 years ago, in no small part thanks to Microsoft.

[0] An Amiga cost less than an 8Mhz PC+EGA (best you could get back then) + EGA monitor + sound card, and delivered more - but the basic Amiga did cost twice as much as a PC+CGA+Green CRT which was the common setup at the time.
Every bank I've ever been with has had a pathetic limit on its online banking passwords.
One of them (NAB) was limited to something like 10 characters and only numbers and letters.

Maybe that's changed recently but still, firewalls won't help you when somebody brute forces your users' passwords in 10 minutes.
US will probe Google for anti-competitive Android behavior
>2) I wish they'd just give up on Turbolinks

Ditto for Coffeescript. I realise you can't just remove it, but the whole dev community is raving about ES6 - there's a whole of JS devs who could be a lot more interested in Rails.
I have a reasonable number of tabs open. Besides that, I don't see how this could be my fault (except through plugins installed, but about:addons-memory does not show anything suspicious).
You sure we're not behind the Stone Age? The mainstream paleoanthropological position is that hunter-gatherers were completely egalitarian socially. Inequality is something that came up (resurfaced actually, because apes have it) only in the last 10-12 thousand years as a result of owning property and land and some people owning more of it than others.

Again, this is not my theory, this is what anthropologists actually believe.

In the interest of giving both sides, there's a recent book, that I haven't read (yet), called Constant Battles, which disputes all of that.

Also: giving classes on this kind of thing solves nothing; see below.

Also: the upside of Religious Education is that it was practically a free period, at least where I'm from.
My favorite quote on writing comes from James Ervin's AMA[0]:

>And if you're going to write, write what you want to write. The odds against any creator are insane. If you're going to devote months of your time, don't let it be for an idea you think will sell. Odds are it won't. Write something you want to write, or need to write. Write for yourself before anyone else. I'd rather read someone who is excited and passionate about what they want to say than someone who's obviously trying to say what they think I want to hear.

— James Erwin

I had the same issues with my writing recently (why should I even write anything when there are far better people writing about these things). It boiled down the following for me [1]:

1. Self Learning (Writing about it makes you understand it betteer)

2. Sharing knowledge (I want the knowledge to spread)

3. Network Effect (People I know are far more likely to read my post as they trust me)

4. I love writing

Coming up with topics is harder. I tend to read a lot, and whenever I read something I already knew, I put it in my "to-write-list". Essentially, the idea is to write things that you'd like to read yourself, but can't find anywhere. Another good idea is to take "auxiliary" topics instead of a core topic. This means finding things that are interesting enough only when taken together. For instance, don't write about Machine Learning, write about doing Machine Learning with a specific toolkit or language.

Specific topics are always better than vague ones, in my experience.

[0]: https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/2w72o7/so_i_sold_a_re...

[1]: https://captnemo.in/blog/2015/06/07/on-writing/
Sounds like the EU versions of US cars are currently re-engineered to meet EU standards, and that costs manufacturers money. They're trying to save that cost by saying all rules are equivalent. From the article:

> under current rules cars sold globally, such as the Ford Focus or Volkswagen Golf, must still be re-engineered multiple times - at considerable expense to manufacturers - to satisfy crash-test standards around the world
The future of decoupled Drupal
> Themosis

Now that looks interesting. Thanks for sharing.

/me goes back to trying to apply visual design changes to a site 'built' via Visual Composer... kill me now.
A lot of people think that airliner safety comes from the FAA hammering on Boeing. That's not true at all. It's the attitude of Boeing and Boeing engineers that make it safe. (I used to be a Boeing engineer on flight critical systems.) The worst nightmare of a Boeing engineer is an accident resulting from his design mistake.

The worst for me was when the Alaska 717 went down because the stabilizer jackscrew failed. I worked on the 757 jackscrew. It was a while before I found out it wasn't the 757 design.

Safety came from the engineers who knew what they were doing and would refuse to put their name on anything that they weren't sure about.

I also know of instances where Boeing produced safer designs and had to lobby the FAA to get them to accept them. One example is using twin engines on overwater flights, rather than 3 or 4. The twin engines are statistically safer.

I know of cases where Boeing designs were much safer than that required by the FAA, and the FAA later adopted the Boeing designs as a requirement.

I've actually felt a lot safer flying after my time at Boeing and knowing the nuts and bolts of how they were made and the dedication and competence of the engineers in charge.
Clojure idioms use it as well. Lots of languages do.
I hope this 'tradition' is ending/will end, but the past 5 years working with medium to large companies in NL showed me it was still alive and kicking.
Low Latency Financial Data Has Arrived
Cool, but misnamed: it's actually a map of the Web. Here are some others: http://www.wired.com/2015/06/mapping-the-internet/
It definitely changes how a developer works in a language if they know they can depend on this kind of implementation. In Clojure, knowing up front that all data structures have shared persistence allows you to do things that you'd never consider in a language where this wasn't guaranteed.

I think Swift could greatly enhance its power in the functional paradigm if indeed it did what you describe, but also making this clearly known to everyone who uses it.
With regards to your first point, they do detonate. It's a question of how.

The main difference is the force with which they go off. In Europe, it's assumed you're wearing a seatbelt, so the force is less, which results in a lower likelihood of injury, compared to a US airbag. Personally, I prefer the European model - wear a seatbelt and you'll be fine, don't and it's on you.
There's definitely something wrong.

Looking at the SQL file, "Zürich" is listed as "Zdrich", Munich is only shown as "Munich" without the German name "München" anywhere, and Cologne is listed as "Cologne" with the wrong "Koln" as alternative name.

Doesn't look like a reliable data source.
pg wrote an essay on what an essay is and how you can write one. [1]

The most important take away from it was to not to write an essay to defend a position, but to write one so you can express your idea that leads to something interesting which is unknown to your audience, so you can share it!

[1] http://www.paulgraham.com/essay.html