skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I am. The point is to show Fortran 90 evolved a lot, which is indeed, a good thing. Remember, F66 was influenced by Speedcoding which was, in turn, influenced by assembly, because practical, high-level languages were still in the learning phase. In other words, early Fortran (e.g., FORTRAN for the IBM 704 on punchcards, which my mom coded in at NUQ) was just barely higher level than assembly, but later versions improved to gain additional features which made coding in it less onerous and more productive.

Age is an irrelevant, consumerism fallacy; the contextual history including the players involved, machines available, problems to solve and lessons learned, is far more important.

More (salient links from various sources):

Generally

- https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GFortranStandards

F60

- https://www.fortran.com/FortranForTheIBM704.pdf

F66

- ftp://ftp.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/ARCHIVE/Fortran66.pdf

F77

- http://web.stanford.edu/class/me200c/tutorial_77/

- http://www.fortran.com/fortran/F77_std/rjcnf.html

F90

- http://www.nccs.nasa.gov/tutorials/f90studentnotes.pdf

- ftp://ftp.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/N1801-N1850/N1830.pdf

- http://www.j3-fortran.org/doc/year/10/10-007.pdf

- http://www.fortran90.org/

F95

- http://www.j3-fortran.org/doc/year/04/04-007.pdf

F2003

- http://www.j3-fortran.org/doc/year/04/04-007.pdf

F2008

- http://fortranwiki.org/fortran/show/Fortran+2008
That is basically what the article said. In addition skills that would help to get those jobs independently are also taught within the family.

Students from a poor background (like me back in the day) may still be better of studying because they haven't been taught the networking skills to profit from socialising more. Conversely maybe they should try.

I am just lucky that at least university is heavily subsidised in Australia. Coming from a poor background puts you one step behind but at least I am one step behind, not ten steps behind.
If this is about the sort of elite jobs I'm thinking of, isn't the point to tell people what they want to hear so they have an excuse to do what they already wanted to do?

That would mean they have to be people worth listening to, and that this has to be for reasons other than scientific competence.

So I'm thinking that having the "right" social background probably would be an important factor in job performance (as would being highly paid). But only if it's not made explicit, since political incorrectness is also important for image.

.

Also, focusing on the very few "best" jobs seems a bit silly. Why not look at what's in the top quarter or third, and how to make those more accessible?
I also use Rails Composer for new projects. I'm glad to see that the kickstarter has met its initial goal. Hopefully Daniel continues seeing support for his work.
I read a lot of reports that people who met W Bush were surprised by how intelligent/sharp he was. The media looks for gaffes for ratings, but gaffs have no bearing on intelligence. Once the "Hur hur Bush is stupid!" angle gets traction every minor mistake is seen as damning confirmation. Bush also made many terrible decisions, but that doesn't mean he was stupid. Probably just unprepared and blinded by ideology.
It may be a naive quesiton, but what does "prelude" mean in this context? I get that I can use this to emit go code from gisp, and compile that. But the example under the heading "using the prelude" doesn't really tell me anything. Looking at the code, it appears to define a lot of basic lisp stuff -- but without all that, how does gsp work in the first place?

Is it simply the difference of wrapping things up so that they... work?:

diff <(gsp hello.gsp) <(gisp hello.gsp)
4,7c4,5
< "github.com/gsp-lang/stdlib/fmt"
< "github.com/gsp-lang/gsp/core"
< "github.com/gsp-lang/stdlib/prelude"
< "github.com/gsp-lang/stdlib/net/http"
---
> "/fmt"
> "/net/http"
18,19d15
<
< var _ = prelude.Len

As far as I can tell, gisp doesn't produce go code that can be compiled.
But what good is the go code gisp produces? Can/should it be saved to
file and imported into another go program?
I made this to achieve more or less the same thing:
https://github.com/crdoconnor/projectkey

I focused more on "saving keystrokes", though. Hence the autocomplete and the use of a one letter execute command.
except when the choice is "Buy this or die", people tend to pay whatever they have to.
Ok.. understood.
I am not arguing for or against the drug industry, but naming a few drugs with price increases is meaningless.

Telling me some random generic has gone up in price means nothing to me . For all I know, that might be an old fashioned drug hardly any doctors prescribe and the price increases is required in order to keep it available for the few people who require it... or it could just as easily mean the company has a monopoly and is price gouging consumers.

There needs to be a weighted index, or multiple indexes, of drugs weighted by how important they are. Not sure how to define importance in this context, but quantity sold would be a good start, maybe another index weighted by average expenditure per patient per year and another weighted by lives saved.

Edit: Downvoters, I did read the article. An unweighted group of any product is not very useful from an economics perspective. That is why the CPI is weighted.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_price_index
Oh god. Reminds me of simulated processor pipeline stages (VHDL, etc.), which tend of have a huge amount of state.

I'm no Fortran expert. Were there no composite types (i.e., structures or tuples) at the time or other reasons to do that (i.e., code testing tools)?

Edit: Last q: Yes, as a vendor extension

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gfortran/STRUCTURE-and-RECORD...
This isn't the big news scheduled for tomorrow, is it?
firstly, if a doctor is prescribing appropriately, and a patient is using appropriately, then there shouldn't be dependence and addiction issues. So one problem is doctors prescribing irresponsibly, because just writing the script is easier than explaining to a patient how a certain level of pain should be expected post surgery, etc.

But if someone wants to abuse drugs, then they shouldn't be given access to them. I really don't think you have any conception of how destructive opiate addictions are over the medium to long term. I don't accept your arguments that it is simply a factor of choice, and if someone wants to abuse a serious drug, then they should be enabled by providing them with access to a restricted drug , that is being used for the purpose of abuse. It's not acceptable in civilised society.

As to your supporting argument, yes doctors do encourage their patients to quit smoking. But in Australia we have jacked up the price of cigarettes to act as a disincentive as well. And, guess what - it works.
The idea that we should make it easy for patients to access drugs of abuse, for the purpose of abuse, is severely flawed and your argument is bunk. An opiate is a drug of abuse and a restricted drug for a reason, and that reason should never be the recreational consumption.
What makes you so sure mice aren't conscious? Insects probably are not, I have no strong opinion on mice, but dolphins almost definitely are.
Not the OP, but I think he means that search should be decentralized with respect to regional differences, not computing. Eg, Baidu is better positioned to give more relevant results in China
I'm curious about the discrepancy of the number of Arabic speakers. The article says 467 Million, while Wikipedia states 290 Million [1]

I know that Wikipedia can't be taken as The Truth, but a quick search on Internet seems to get values closer to 200-300M than to 450M (except for Ulrich Ammon, which is the source for the post). It seems a sensible difference, anyone has an explanation?

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic
I'm not sure what gisp you are running. The gsp program adds some imports by default (including the prelude). On the other hand, jcla1's gisp definitely does not include these files unless you do so manually in the .gsp file.
Sorry, I can't say exactly. You can find R120-P30 1U boxes at GBP1500 (8core 8DIMMs) http://www.scan.co.uk/products/gigabyte-r120-p30-single-sock...

Higher density systems like Moonshot or H270-T70 are cheaper per core of course, whether they're competitive depends on your specific application. They're not at the point where they're commoditized and where you can buy parts easily though.
Look, this is the Washington Post reporting this story, not the San Jose Mercury or the Boston Globe. It's written by, for, and about the self-styled power 1%.

The only reason it has anything to do with the rest of us is that the guys on the college beer-drinking team, including the one who barfed in the laundry machine I was using in the cellar of the college dorm, went on to get one of those so-called power jobs. In case there's any misunderstanding, this was Yale.

I like my job. Software's been good to me. I just washed those clothes again. They can schmooze each other all they want; it keeps them busy.
I think these kinds of articles miss the point. Colleges and employers choose admission and hiring criteria specifically to favor the upper class. This isn't out of malice, and for the most part I think it is unintentional. The people at the top simple favor other people who are like them --- just as all of us do.

If lower class kids started excelling at the sort of social activities and extracurricular activities which help one get ahead, the criteria will wind up changing. Again, not out of malice or spite. Its simply a function of human nature to form groups and favor those from your group.
It needs some way to filter or scale by power output; currently, there's no visual distinction between Diablo Canyon and some random Bloom Box installation, which makes the map pretty much uninterpretable.
Pet peeve (I expect downvotes), but "setup" is not a verb; "set up" is. (Same with "sign up" and "log in.") This is a weird orthographic quirk many developers seems to share.
In fact Daraprim/Pyrimethamine shows some interesting features of markets:

* the market in the United States is so small, that there is a single manufacturer

* Generic drug manufacturers try to come in the market, the brand-name holder has made it extremely hard for them to do equivalence testing by making the drug available only through a restricted channel that excludes them.

* Even if them manage to get the drug to the market, the brand-name manufacturer can lower prices temporarily, ensuring they exit.

* The same manufacturer can have doctors prescribe the expensive brand-name versions of the drug by buying them off.

Instead of leaving patients in the hands of such natural or almost natural monopolies, the government can fix this situation in a variety of ways - price ceilings, subsidies, even government production of drugs for rare diseases.

You can argue that, some regulation somewhere has given these companies a monopoly, but without any regulation, there would be no market to speak of - the off-NDA drug market isn't one I and assume most patients trust.
I have an actual question.
Who can name all the decompressors that outperform Brotli both in compression ratio and decompression speed?
As I see it, that's the ultimate goal, to boost I/O via transparent decompression.

Reading the PDF paper I see they use for benchmarking Xeon with price-tag in range of $560, how this can be reconciled with hot phrases like boosting browsing on mobile devices?!
Headline sounds like a Starcraft build.
Previous discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10204721
And they can only buy it from one place (which doesn't have to compete on price due to being the only one) because... guess what? Government interference.
the morals that come with it

You're assuming that all porn is immoral.

Another counterargument to your claim is that porn can provide an alternative to infidelity, which tends to mess up marriages to a greater extent.

Further, some of those societies already have many of these problems, such as objectifying women (which they do to a greater extent such as requiring them to cover their entire bodies), as a direct result of the culture being so closed in terms of sex.
>> Telling me some random generic has gone up in price means nothing to me .

They state that the average price of a group of over 220 drugs has been increasing faster than inflation for some time. That's hardly "some random generic". In fact they say generics tend to drop in price, it's the name brands that are rising.
I agree with you, and share this pet peeve. Also, can you downvote on Hacker News?
The colchicine case is an interesting one if you dig down into the details.

Colchicine has been used for hundreds (?) of years. It never went through phase 3 trials and it was never officially approved by the FDA. Instead it was grandfathered in.

This made the FDA pretty uncomfortable [1] and I can't blame them. How do you properly regulate a drug where there is little to no data outlining it's efficacy and safety? So, the FDA decide to dangle a carrot in front of drug developers. If you formally take a grandfathered drug through the approval process, you will be awarded with something call "data exclusivity" (it's not a patent). For a period of 3 or 5 years (it depends on the filing), the FDA will not approve another form of the drug. In addition, they will tell/force all the other grandfathered manufacturers to stop selling their versions.

Statement from the FDA: Colcrys is the only FDA-approved single-ingredient oral colchicine product available on the U.S. market. Approved by the FDA in 2009, Colcrys’ prescribing information contains important safety data and recommendations on drug interactions and dosing not available with unapproved products.[2]

Of course this is a pretty attractive carrot for a drug company. Spend $X now and you've got a captive market where you can recoup your R&D spend and make a profit over 5 years. Plus the heavy hand of the FDA will help you get rid of competitors!.

Due to the the FDA regulatory process, it shouldn't be surprising that the cost of colchicine went up, it's pretty much had to in order to pay for the FDA approval. Did it have to go up 5000%? No, probably not. But it did have to go up if the FDA wanted an approved version since producing a grandfathered, unapproved drug is pretty cheap compared to an FDA approved one. What made the colchicine case particularly unfair was that the company didn't actually run any trials. They just collected all the trial data that already existed (mostly published papers) and submitted that data.

Another great example is Mr. Mucus, the cold medicine, it was the exact same play. In fact, a VC firm backed the entire process. The got the active ingredient approved by the FDA (again, it had been grandfathered in) and the FDA forced all other competitors off the market. This blog post has all the details [3]. Suffice to say, Aisling Capital made a 15x return off that investment. And that's why you see Mr. Mucus ads all over the place.

[1]http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulat...

[2]http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/uc...
[3]http://biotechtranslated.com/2011/08/09/how-to-make-the-fda-...
Mandarin is effectively a Chinese lingua-franca these days... I know people from all areas of China and Chinese-origin countries like Taiwan, and they happily chat away when they meet, although their native dialects are supposedly not mutually comprehensible.

Also the written language, which varies far less, has always served as sort of an anchor and connecting point.

Historically, language was one of the central factors underlying the entire concept of "China" and "Chinese" (China as a country in the modern sense is a very recent phenomena).
As far as I know, if there is no /etc/passwd, there is no root account at all, so you can't log in.
How about allowing people to buy generic drugs from overseas?
In EMS, there's been a big push to allow basic EMTs to draw Epi up from a vial to administer it, precisely to avoid the absurd costs associated with EpiPens. I don't know if that would be an option for individuals; perhaps it's something you can talk to your doctor about
Ok, I answer myself, there are some discrepancies on the graphic with the number of native vs total number of speakers. In some cases they are mixed, and that makes a difference.

For example, in [1], the total (L1 + L2) is 490 M. The total for English is 840M, then, not ~500M, which is L2.
The primary source is this [2]

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_total_num...

[2] http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size
Use Wikipedia for his environment: Born in New Haven, Connecticut, graduated Yale. His father (who also graduated Yale) was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Senator Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Prescott Bush was a Wall Street executive banker and a United States Senator, representing Connecticut from 1952 until January 1963, whose father was Samuel P. Bush, an American industrialist born in New Jersey. The father of Samuel P. Bush, Rev. James Smith Bush was attorney, Episcopal priest, and religious writer. He entered Yale University in 1841, the first of what would become a long family tradition.
Are people gaming the system by having merit or by simulating merit? If the latter then the hiring process needs examination (best people are not getting the jobs). If the former then the question becomes - how can applicants acquire those personal skills they need in the absence of an elite college education?
Show HN: mq, sub-200 byte DOM manipulation
While the different dialects of Chinese (Mandarin/普通话/putonghua being the most common, followed by Cantonese/广东话/Guangdonghua, etc.) sound entirely different spoken, the written character representations of the dialects are essentially the same. That means that the syntax, grammar, and other conventions of written Chinese underpin all spoken dialects. This extends to both written Traditional and Simplified Chinese, which are just two parallel character sets that represent the same fundamental characters (Simplified characters are just simplified versions of the Traditional characters, and were introduced in the 1940's and '50s to promote literacy). So while two people speaking different dialects may not be able to speak to each other because the tones and pronunciations of words are different, they most certainly can communicate by writing with each other because each dialect is just a different vocal representation of the same underlying language.
A friend of mine has a politician for a parent. They worked with Bush and told me that there are two myths people commonly believe about Bush. First, that he's dumb and second that he's nice.

I don't know the author of this article, http://keithhennessey.com/2013/04/24/smarter/, but it echoes many of the things I've heard from others.
the government can fix this situation in a variety of ways - price ceilings, subsidies, even government production of drugs for rare diseases.

I'd think they should require cooperation with the equivalence studies, and possibly foot (part of?) the bill for those studies. Try to minimize the downsides of their (overall important and helpful, if perhaps taken a bit too far) regulations that cause the problem.

Price ceilings for anything with a government-granted monopoly would also probably be good, but that's... not exactly the issue here, since the drugs in question have gone off-patent.
The colchicine story reminds me of the Red Yeast / Lovastatin story. Red Yeast is a traditional Chinese medicine that can lower cholesterol due to several compounds it contains. Lovastatin was identified in it, put through trials and is now the standard for lowering cholesterol. Meanwhile, the gov has said you can't sell Red Yeast Rice with lovastatin in it, so they allegedly remove it.

As a single datum, I was told I needed to be on statins, and when I balked, my heath care professional said I could try RYR for 3 months and if it didn't work I'd need a prescription for statins. My cholesterol dropped 97 points in 3 months. I said "so I don't need statins?" She said shes never seen that kind of drop with statins, so no.

So yeah, take stuff from nature, patent it, then get the natural version banned, profit!
Everyday for every day is another common mistake (both terms exist but have different uses)
While I've only taken a couple of short train rides in SV I recall having no problems with mobile data coming through. And most people in US have decent data caps. Is this the same for India? I know they tend to be sensitive to data usage and if they don't have the mobile coverage it's not really comparing the same thing for user need.

Also more generally why should Silicon Valley have to have the best/first/most of everything Internet? This statement felt narrow minded to me. If you've not been fortunate to travel much you'll be amazed about the world outside Silicon Valley. It's definitely an epicenter of tech but absolutely not the be and end all.
Can someone please eli5 how fundamentally different it is as compared to traditional software engineering?
1up Yours called the stack of games they'd purchased but never played their 'pile of shame'.
Consider food - buy food or die - yet food does not go for monopoly prices.
You raise a good point and percentage increases can be deceiving. If a drug cost $0.01/tablet and now it's $0.03/tablet, yes that's a 300% increase, but it still costs pennies per day to treat someone.

Unfortunately I can't find it right now, but the Us gov't did a study into generic drug price increases. There is no one reason why they went up. For some drugs it was because a company decided to stop making it and there were shortages. For other companies, they had manufacturing problems and shortages resulted.
Python syntax, a real debugger, and the elimination of text macros to generate targets. This seems like a legitimate replacement.
what do you mean IP?
I, for one, would like to see drugs increase very sharply similarly to what this guy did.

Reason is we need a consumer reform, and not a government reform which is a temporary solution.

The entirety of pharmaceutical R&D is $161 B globaly. If half of Americans were contributing $100 monthly to a pool, we could fund it entirely and make every drug available for free.I would love to see this done outside of the government.

We MUST stop depending on government for Health, and Education. While they intend well (I truly believe they do individually as people), as an aggregate they are not able to solve these issues at scale.
You'd rarely want to write lambda calculus directly for practical purposes, although Caramel looks like a very nice shorthand. But it's the fundamental basis of what functional programming is all about, and its equivalency to the turing machine means it's useful both as an analytical tool and in the context of language design. Functional languages can be seen as lambda calculus implementations with some extensions to make it easier to work with (types, constants, etc).
Cydia+iOS+9+download+jailbreakiOS+Jailbreak+Tools+and+Jailbreak+Guide
This reminds of Introversions city-generator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yI5YOFR1Wus

I believe the source was released somewhere, but I don't seem to be able to find it right now.
Lift?

In dense areas, the solution is pretty easy and widespread: HOAs and landlords forbid it. No one in multi-unit dwellings wants a steady stream of strangers.

It's the less dense neighborhoods where residents resent renters, much less short-term renters.
The way around the trust issue is to make the "and effective" part of FDA regulation optional. Drug companies can only market "and effective" if they get the FDA approval of it. The rest can only market it as "safe". This can dramatically reduce the prices of drugs, and it is the user option whether they want to pay extra for the "and effective" certification or not.
According to this [1], which separates Chinese (as macro language) by language, Mandarin has 848 M, while Cantonese (yue) has 62 M, but shows quite a few other languages of China.

[1] http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size