skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Until recently O2 sensors were not used on diesels. There are a host of reasons for this, one of the main ones being that until recently, diesel fuel in most places had high levels of sulfur, which is a known poison for Pt and some of the other metals which are used in both catalysts and O2 sensors.

As for EGR monitoring, most OBD2 systems I've seen monitor the presence of the egr solenoid by looking for the back emf. So you'd need an inductor or a solenoid for that. Additionally, they usually will often do a test of the manifold pressure while cycling the valve, to confirm the flow rate (obviously this can only be done of the engine in question has a MAP sensor). And if the MAP sensor is the primary sensor for doing fuel monitoring (ie, no MAF sensor), then there would be no easy way of defeating this monitor without messing up the normal performance of the engine. So in my experience, defeating EGR and passing the EGR related OBD2 monitors is non trivial. But then, since there is usually an allowance (in the current CA smog check schemes) for some of the monitors to not have completed running while still passing the test, it doesn't matter too much in practice (can't disconnect the EGR valve, but the egr readiness monitor is moot). The EGR monitor is usually the last one to run anyway, so this makes passing the smog check with what would otherwise be a egr related OBD2 failure, fairly easy.

Beating O2 monitors is actually much more difficult in practice. First of all, an increasing number of O2 sensors in cars are wideband sensors which don't output the traditional switching signal one could simulate with a 555. Even some older cars use wideband O2 sensors (I have personal experience with two MY 1998 Toyotas [california cars] for which this is the case). Secondly, even if you do have all narrowband O2 sensors on a car, the way the O2 monitors work is that the downstream (of the catalyst) O2 sensor(s) output is compared to the upstream (of the catalyst) O2 sensor(s) to see, not whether the O2 sensor is working, but that the catalyst efficiency is above some threshold. Simply simulating one or both signals with a naive switching circuit will trip the catalyst efficiency monitor. And why would you want to disable the upstream O2 sensor(s) anyway, it's main job is to provide an error signal to the fuel system which would otherwise be a completely open loop system? Without a working feedback loop your fuel system won't be running very well, and usually falls back to a super conservative fuel mapping because of the danger of unknowingly running lean (obviously a concern for gas engines only, not diesels).

Defeating OBD2 monitoring in these sorts of ways is not an issue in any meaningful sense. Enthusiasts often will replace their ECUs wholesale with an aftermarket one. When the ecu hardware and its programming is completely outside of the manufacturer's control, who can say anything about the validity of it's outputs for emissions compliance purposes?
It was a tangentially related personal anecdote from 12 years ago. You are welcome to ignore it if you find it irksome.
You know, a picture might really explain it better. If it's something that sits on top of Linux and manages software installation, it's easy to illustrate.
That sounds more like a Diesel Particulate Filter and regenerator ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter#Rege... ), which is pretty much the opposite of gaming. To keep the black clouds of soot that have sullied the name of diesel from forming, most modern diesels are designed to capture the soot until the engine gets warm enough to burn off the soot, at which point said soot is passed back through the engine and incinerated. Or, there's some mix of heater and catalyst to burn off the soot in the regenerator itself. You're basically holding onto the waste until you can efficiently deal with it in an environmentally clean manner.
> several libraries where each defines its own "Point".

Same problem where each library defines its own "String".

Would be nice if the standard libraries would define such basic types and everyone would just use the same ones.

This might work better without OO kitchen sink approach to types. Just standardize a simple data layout or interface and leave the possibility for libraries to define their own functionality in extension methods.
If Japan takes action against North Korea the South will bomb Tokyo to the oblivion.

South Korea will not permit anyone and especially Japan to touch anything that belongs to Koreans. Koreans living in the NK are still citizens of SK and the land is claimed by SK.

Yes if there is conflict on the seas or in the air with the NK forces then SK will do nothing to stop the Japan.

What Japan did today/yesterday just pushed SK to be more assertive towards Japan. It hopefully speeds up the reunification.

DISCLAIMER: I am not korean.
Resume Not Required
There's two types of round-abouts: the Continental European kind and the UK/Australian kind. The UK/Australian kind are designed to keep traffic moving, so the angles are arranged to make entering similar to a merge. European ones are designed to slow traffic, so you enter at a right angle and have to turn hard to enter.

The UK/Australian kind kill cyclists[1]. I understand the European kind are safer, but I don't have personal experience with them (OTOH, I have been hit at a roundabout, and seen another 2 car/cyclist accidents).

[1] http://acrs.org.au/files/arsrpe/Cumming%20-%20High%20rate%20...

[2] http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=38012654206...
Developer pulls leading ad-blocking app from Apple Store
Do not forget the Korea. Albeit Japan is their ally they will work their asses so hard to destroy them economically or militarily if the opportunity arises.
> just plain break my mobile experience

I installed Firefox on my Android recently since it allows extensions and I could install UBlock Origin. I've found it helps quite a bit.
Please Destroy My Plan to Disrupt Higher Education
Unfortunately the link I'm sharing here is outdated, but Verified By Visa is absolutely a conversion hit, even in the UK. The conversion rate hit was anywhere from 6% to 60% initially.

https://econsultancy.com/blog/3887-verified-by-visa-a-conver...

Visa's own documents now recommend only using Verified By Visa on transactions that look suspicious after running risk analysis, and cite that using it on all transactions was resulting in a 3 - 5% Abandonment rate in the UK.

"Higher conversion rates – following the implementation, abandonment dropped from over 4% to under 1%"

http://www.visaeurope.com/media/images/44933_visa_vbv_case_s...
I can now see that the developers of WeChat Tencent have acknowledge that a release of theirs has been infected:

http://security.tencent.com/index.php/blog/msg/96

Wrt. to this github:

https://github.com/XcodeGhostSource/XcodeGhost

As far as I can see what this code does is that it sends some basic user information to an external website and it may popup an alert window or open Safari or other apps based on the response of that external website.

It is not a compiler virus and there is nothing on how you can modify an XCode release to add the above into other developers' apps.
Previously: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10219330
S9fES (http://t3x.org/s9fes/) uses decimal-based real numbers and does multiplication, division and exponent equalization by shifting. It's not hard, since one digit equals one byte.
Dear Amazon, you dropped something
Inflow in Money and Finance
Abe went from being very cool on the TPP to coming out in favor (at least in public) almost overnight an the only thing that changed in that period in US-Japan relations was the US state department giving Japan approval to re-militarize. There were virtually no changes to the deal.

Abe has been on the path to rearming Japan since 2012[1][2].

The US has wanted Japan to rearm for years. See the articles in the NYT and the WSJ in 2013[3][4]. It's seen as a way to use Japanese money as a counter to China in the region. The fact they are likely to buy US weapons systems helps, too.

The way your comment is phrased makes me wonder if you think the US State department had some legal oversight of the clause or something? It doesn't - the legal basis for this change is completely in Japanese hands.

[1] http://www.cnbc.com/id/100293527

[2] http://www.therecord.com/opinion-story/2623282-is-japan-on-t...

[3] http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB100014241278873240817045782310...

[4] http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/08/world/asia/with-eye-on-chi...
Belfast's Meccano bridge world record bid
Roundabouts don't kill cyclists, unobservant drivers kill cyclists. They kill cyclists on the straight and at intersections too. Don't blame the roundabout for it.
Show HN: Automated Twitch highlights
So desktop chrome and Firefox is also attacking the open web? They have had ad lockers in their app stores for a very long time.
Google Reveal Its New Nexus Phones This September 29th
For young people, this is probably the case. I remember being offered an internship out quite far out of town on a couple of occasions, and it was really hard to imagine taking the job. I had no car, and buses out in the boonies are few and far between.

My 22 year old self needed something resembling a large city, and naturally you have the pull of London when you're in the UK. There's the fact that you want to meet people and go out drinking, and you also don't want to cook every night. Professionally, you also need to consider that your first job might not be what you thought, and so having options nearby is essential.

For someone older, maybe with kids, it could work. Anywhere that's large enough to provide a sensible daily routine would work, though you'd need to consider how the spouse will find a job.

It's the kind of consideration that seems to cause London to get bigger and bigger.
> What are some reasons why [using JS] would be a good thing in the case of unikernels?

The same reason it would be a good thing to use JS under any circumstances: there's already a huge supply of developers familiar with it and its ecosystem, it's available on pretty much every platform (now including at least one dedicated unikernel environment), it's a natural fit for web application development, and so on.

It's clear why unikernels and OCaml go together so nicely: immutability is a concept central to them both.

That said, the affordances of using a unikernel seems fairly orthogonal to the choice of language, IMO.
Ymmv but I got a good grip on gimmicks from The Hidden Persuaders by Vance Packard

Also I can't emphasize this enough

INSIDE SECRETS OF SELLING (FIND A NEED AND FILL IT)

https://archive.org/details/insidesecretsofs00ward
> What makes the social contract local?

You're asking questions that have been discussed at length by philosophers, and while there is no definitive "answer", there are some thought frameworks you can think in. Questions of ethics are hard because they're dependent on culture, and their axioms do not stem from nature (although a few philosophers claim they do) but from human psychology and social-psychology. Still, they're not completely arbitrary. You can say your values make you prefer ethical framework A over ethical framework B, but each framework -- while may not 100% logically sound and 100% consistent -- at least frames the discussion.

So, to get back to your question, there are certainly reasons -- within a given ethics framework -- to prefer local responsibility. The reasons start with the question, "why do I have a responsibility towards the Other[1]?" Some philosophers (like Levinas[2], I think), take a very total approach. Others may say that the responsibility stems from relationship and mutual influence (my wellbeing is affected by the Other, and the Other's is affected by mine). If you prefer the second approach, it is clear that you have greater responsibility towards those whose lives are more affected by yours and vice-versa, and as mutual effects can travel through the economy or legislation (you both vote for the same government), and those are local, it stands to reason that the measure of responsibility grows with locality. Other ethical frameworks may agree with this notion of locality in principle, but say that locality only takes precedence when the needs are the same (of the local and remote), but if the remote person/community has greater needs, then that takes precedence over locality.

All of these can make sense, and different people can subscribe to different ethical frameworks. But each of them has to be consistent, or at least have good reasons for breaking the consistency in some circumstances.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas
Designing Smart Push Notifications
Video: Symfony and Content Management
I live in a city called Al Ain in the UAE. It's quite known for the sheer number of roundabouts. Due to heavy congestion at some of them, they've started replacing them with either intersections or roundabouts with lights.

How does congestion happen? A roundabout typically has four entrances. During peak traffic, one of these entrances might get clogged. This one side causes the other four sides delays due to right of way. Say a buildup forms at another side because of the delay. The other sides will be even more affected. This snowball effect is usually what causes congestion at peak traffic.

Traffic intersections on the other hand are immune to this issue because the delay depends solely on the light's timing, making it way more predictable.
Cool site, this is what I see http://cl.ly/image/0v1A2z3H3S0i
You may not know beforehand that the smallest unit is $0.01. What if it becomes $0.001 or $0.0001 later? You'll have to migrate your data to use the new smallest unit. If you use decimal floating point, you don't need to deal with that.
It sounds more like the designer does not understand what NaN is. The whole point of NaN is that it propagates through all operations so making (Nan == Nan) == true defeats that purpose.
Read up on AKB48. Japanese girl "group" with more than a hundred members split into teams. Often the record company will let fans vote on which members will become part of the next single. To vote? You have to buy the latest CD (and physical CDs remain huge in Japan).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKB48
City planners are aware that continuous driving is enjoyable and go out of their way to eliminate that enjoyment wherever possible. It's called "traffic calming," though I'd argue the results are the exact opposite of calming.

Drivers who are comfortable, having fun, and moving continuously are much more likely to speed and get in accidents than drivers who are annoyed and constantly vigilant for conditions changing second-to-second (like stop-and-go traffic).
This is no different from a car company using the same chassis for multiple cars. They've got a money making formula so why change it.
What? Why should this behave differently from NAN for existing data types? For example try this:

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
float x = NAN;
float y = NAN;

printf("x == y is %d\n", (x == y) ? 1 : 0);

}

which should print "x == y is 0".

Also, NAN is similar concept to NULL in databases (pretty much "unknown value") and that also does not believe (NULL == NULL).
A Laymen's Introduction to Data Science
It's interesting to see how countries are reinterpreting laws to 'expand' the legal boundaries of conflict. Essentially, Japan now interprets 'self-defense' to no longer just mean defending the country when under attack, but to also include assisting allies in foreign countries. This sort of the same legal basis most countries are using to bomb targets in Syria (and Japan will probably use it too) - Iraq has asked the US and it's allies to help them defend themselves against ISIS, and bombing Syria to defeat ISIS counts as defending Iraq.
Wow. When I hover over the link, my tab in Chrome crashes. I assume this is caused by some pre-fetching stuff.

Any explanation of what's going on here? I can't exactly view the link...
Please don't editorialize the titles of stories you submit to HN. Using the original title unless it is misleading or linkbait allows readers to interpret the story for themselves.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
I have no idea what he intended, but what he created by this reversal was news.

That the move adds a martyrdom flavor to an already-rich personal brand is a bankable asset beyond the $100K (or whatever) that would be made in the App Store. This is a 60 Minutes or GMA-level story now.
I assume that you're talking about residential ISPs.

1) Given that actual -non-maintenance- capex on the networks of the major ISPs appears to have been practically zero for decades, I suspect that the major ISPs will claim (and have the paperwork -however legitimate- [0] to back it up) that their per-customer profits are near-zero or negative.

2) Good ISPs are run like good utilities: any actual profits are either invested in the network, or returned to customers in one way or another. [1] This means that good ISPs actually have a near-zero per-customer profit.

So, all you're going to do with this plan is:

* Raise the -already high- barrier to entry for independent ISPs.

* Make a lot of paperwork.

* Make a lot of DPI hardware vendors very happy.

Noone will get more money, except for the DPI folks. :)

[0] Hollywood Accounting, anyone?

[1] Either through rate reductions, or one-off credits in a billing period.
Java.lang.RuntimeException: It's not exception, just print call stack
So, does this mean that cognitive 'science' and psychiatric drugs are not the solution? Who would have known /s
If the best ad blocking options for iOS continue to be non-free, and grow in popularity, well that would be pretty eloquent, wouldn't it:

People will pay (a relatively small amount I guess) to see no ads on most sites.

(disclaimer: I use a free ad blocker for firefox on android)
That's correct of course. However, roundabouts increase the risk enormously. I assume you read the stats in my links?

49% of crashes at roundabouts involved cyclists

It specifically addresses the "look but didn't see" problem, and how the Australian design makes that worse: Herslund & Jørgensen videoed cars and cyclists at
roundabouts and noted that bicycles are often located in drivers’ peripheral vision. They suggest that experienced drivers use fast search strategies such as concentrating on where cars usually are, so may be more prone to LBFTS collisions than less experienced drivers.
You are so right. GM didn't just kill a few people, they killed over 120 people:

General Motors agreed to pay $900 million as
part of a Justice Department investigation
into its failure to fix a deadly ignition
switch defect blamed for more than 120 deaths.

That is a shockingly high number.
http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2015/09/17/gm-justi...
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I find it funny how the author easily dismisses IEEE decimal floating point because it hasn't seen huge adaptation since 2008 when it was released.

It since has been implemented in some CPUs: IBM z9 upwards, POWER 6 upwards
Nothing will change instead of drivers buying a car and joining uber. People will buy autonomous cars and register with Uber.
Why should you discriminate?
I agree with this assessment. But I can imagine circumstances where joint SK/Japanese operations against NK would be possible.
This is totally fascinating. This is one of those pure examples of how great the internet can be. Thanks for sharing.
> it's available on pretty much every platform

And now so is OCaml, Elm, PureScript, C++, and anything else that compiles to JS.

> it's a natural fit for web application development, and so on.

Now that other languages are beginning to compile to JS, they are also becoming increasingly natural for web app development.

> there's already a huge supply of developers familiar with it and its ecosystem.

This is definitely true.
Really? So what about exchange rates or interest rates, for example? Surely those are not multiples of "revelant units".
There's a great Planet Money piece about which touches upon this process of pop song creation: http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2011/07/05/137530847/how-m...
> 1/ When a coder thinks about writing "if a <= b", then he writes "if a <= b", he easily forgets that he should write "if a <= b + epsilon()"

So true! In a previous job, I had to work with code that did computational geometry, and I quickly learnt that lesson the hard way. I shared an office with my supervisor, who spent a lot of time on the phone, so I also learnt not to curse like a sailor, a lesson I appreciate, in retrospect, almost as much.
I'm still usually using cash when paying for stuff. I don't use plastic, because I value privacy. However, I would be more than happy to ditch cash if I could use a cryptocurrency, that had good privacy, instead.
There seems to be quite some confusion around "tracking" and "tasteful" ads. Reality is, "tastefulness" is mostly a personal feeling based on relevance to the user which usually is a direct consequence of tracking (and taking the right action on it). I'm not talking about intrusiveness, which is a whole different UX issue and the only thing I think we all agree on.

But from all my experience in AdTech I don't think there's a single ads provider that "does not track", as it's basically the same as having a store that does not have a cashier's desk. "We don't track" is simply a big lie.

But tracking isn't black and white. At least, networks will track impressions and clicks, otherwise publishers won't get paid. But then there's Cookies. Advertising IDs. Audiences. You can even break it down on the individual user level. The biggest problem is simply responsibility and where to stop. Most large ad networks enforce responsibility by mandating minimum sized audiences by now, but with RTB it's possible to break down the last barriers.

The ecosystem is mostly based on trust in the advertisers right now and only the worst offenders get pulled, but mostly after the fact.

Marco made a good choice by not even trying to be judge, police and policymaker in the same person. It's an impossible task to begin with.
Open source file encryption for Windows
Marc Andreesen's ~15 year old PGP key
JSON web token authentication with Flask and Angularjs
How much time do you waste in checking emails? Try this
But wouldn't factoring out the obsolete features limit the libraries that are available to use? I thought that was the point of the newly developed systems languages. Even if you follow some "sane" parts of the language, the rest of the ecosystem won't agree with you. Just look at this thread, there are tons of disagreements in what a good C++ code is.
Fortunately, at least in my experience, those often align fairly well. Definitely a worthwhile read.
Exactly. Then you realize you need to deal with values with different scales, because "amount of money" may need 2 decimal places while "exchange rate" may need 3, so you start tracking scales. At which point you've just reinvented basically the same data type as described here.
Good to know. I use noscript, ublock, and ghostery, but after reading this, I am going to fiddle with application boundary enforcement in noscript.

Unfortunately, while I remain uber paranoid about data collection, I struggle to articulate why. I need a good elevator pitch for privacy.
Airbus withdrawing support for it was what really killed it - BA wanted to carry on flying them but couldn't