skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
They discuss this in section 3.2 of the paper. The C99 standard (in section 6.3.2.3) says that integers can be cast to pointers, but, except in the special case of the integer 0, "the result is implementation-defined, might not be correctly aligned, might not point to an entity of the referenced type, and might be a trap representation". This implementation chooses the last option: if you cast an integer to a pointer, you get a pointer as a result, but one that you can't successfully dereference.
Yes, Standard Chartered's compiler a bit different from ghc. That's mostly for historical reasons.

Yes, GHC can and does just use the recursive goodness, and compile it away to no-stackframe-adding jumps.
>3. Capitalize the subject line

>4. Do not end the subject line with a period

>5. Use the imperative mood in the subject line

I can't help but feel that these three "rules" should be removed and placed in a separate list of style guidelines since "breaking" them is hardly going to make your commit message unreadable.

E.g.:

5ba3db6 fixed failing CompositePropertySourceTests.

would still good enough in my book. I think consistency is actually more important than following those three prescriptions specifically. It only becomes an issue if you capitalize some subjects but not others, alternate between imperatives and past participles, or use different punctuation styles.
CloudFlare's Partnership with Baidu
Spot on and this was firmly written with tongue in cheek! It's funny because it's true though. I harbor no ill will to anyone. Also, a nice ending to this whole thing, the original poster found the article, and halfway through reading it, realized it was about them and posted a comment!
This is a very strange article.

The first set of activities would usually be considered to belong to the fields of cryptography or information security, not data science per se. The author doesn't distinguish between export controls and classification. The issue of export controls on this type of technology may be an issue but it's something that's been discussed elsewhere and I think is fairly well known. I've never heard of any encryption work that wasn't funded by the government being classified. I think there is legislation that allows the government to classify patents, even if they weren't developed with government support or using classified information, but as far as I know it's very rarely used and the only cases I've heard of involve nuclear technology.

As for the other items, "data science" can be applied to any activity, including ones which are illegal for various reasons (like running an insurance company without respecting the relevant legislation and regulations). That's a far cry from claiming that doing "data science" itself, ie. developing algorithms, analyzing data, etc. can be illegal. If the author has any evidence that this claim is true in the US, he doesn't present it.
I don't know of any polls, I'm simply taking into account that fact that a large percentage of college students want to go into fields which do not have high 10-year salaries, such as science, academia, journalism, literature, and politics.
Yes. I had considered that option. But hey, I just wanted to see if I can pull this off...
Surely, this has been discussed before. I'd like to see the rebuttal to the "categorical error" argument.
Let's talk about iMessage again
CloudFlare and Baidu Partnership Boosts Users Over China's Great Firewall
And "what implementation to use for a map" is a decision nobody makes at first, as it depends a lot on hownit ends up used. In reality there are a few worst spots in our code. Being 2x too slow isn't big a deal except in the rare cases where your whole business is turning compute resources into money withn no other expenses. Investing programmer energy in features and correctness is a better use than premature optimization, say, 97% of the time.
I agree with the comment about overusing macros though. Instead of:

#define DbgEnteringState(x) \
printf ("[%s] Unit entering state %s\n", unit->name, #x);

How about:

static void dbg_entering_state(unit_t * unit, const char * state_name) {
fprintf (stderr, "[%s] Unit entering state %s\n", unit->name, state_name);
}

Friendlier to humans reading code, IDEs, and debuggers. I went ahead and fixed it writing to the wrong stdio stream too.
Dressing Solaris: Notes from the Costume Designer of “Solaris”
> will we (soon?) get to a point where every court document, even those handwritten by people whose last name was intentionally forgotten, is preserved digitally and in a distributed fashion?

In 2009 Aaron Swartz became the subject of an FBI investigation for copying freely-obtained court documents for the purpose of increasing public access (which would also help with distribution and preservation as you said). The program to provide monetarily free but physically cumbersome and limited access was shut down[1], probably because of Swartz's use. So, I doubt it will happen soon, unless some shakeups have been quietly happening since then.

[1] http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/02/the-inside-story-...
Despite overwhelming evidence of such failed policies in the past and the "let's try failure again" crowd, you probably don't even like the reality of your suggested policy.

You end up with a small group of people owning everything. It's like what the left complains about now with wealth inequality, but orders of magnitude worse.

I wish you would think these things threw.
BIND Denial of Service via Malformed DNSSEC Key
Has there been any sort of Marxist analysis about the middle class using the higher education system to entrench their advantage over the poor and therefore willingly going along with ridiculous tuition fees?
20% is a pretty big number, add to that music, art, theater, dance, and cinema studies and you likely have a pretty big chunk of the total population.

Saying that only 52% of Oberlin graduates make more than the average high school graduate is pretty close to saying that the performing arts don't tend to pay well.
Post it through the API gateway into a lambda function, validate it, and then store it.
1. naming conventions are unusual and inconsistent (List_destroy but then there's destroy_svcs_list)

2. the return value of malloc() et al. isn't checked (http://www.etalabs.net/overcommit.html)

3. the register storage-class specifier is used multiple times (mainly lib/s16db/translate.c)

4. function declarations are missing a prototype (() instead of (void))
If Clojure is Lisp, why doesn't it run any Lisp code?

Take code from any Lisp book from the past 50 years and type it into Clojure. It won't work. Even really basic Lisp code won't work.

> There were many other lisps in between and many since.

They all share a core language.

Simple REPL in Emacs Lisp:

ELISP> (defun read-eval-print-loop ()
(do* ((input (read) (read))
(value (eval input) (eval input)))
((equal input '(quote quit))
'done)
(print 'input>)
(princ input)
(print 'value>)
(princ input)
(print value)))
read-eval-print-loop
ELISP> (read-eval-print-loop)

input>
(mapcar (quote +) (quote (1 2 3)))
value>
(mapcar (quote +) (quote (1 2 3)))
(1 2 3)
done

Now OpenLisp, an implementation of ISLisp.

Code unchanged.

; OpenLisp v10.1.0 (Build: 5932) by C. Jullien [Aug 30 2014 - 07:38:27]
;; WARNING: \"startup.lsp\" file not loaded.
? (defun read-eval-print-loop ()
1> (do* ((input (read) (read))
3> (value (eval input) (eval input)))
2> ((equal input '(quote quit))
3> 'done)
2> (print 'input>)
2> (princ input)
2> (print 'value>)
2> (princ input)
2> (print value)))
;; elapsed time = 0.000s, (0 gc).
= read-eval-print-loop
? (read-eval-print-loop)
? (mapcar #'1+ '(1 2 3))
input>
(mapcar #'1+ '(1 2 3))value>
(mapcar #'1+ '(1 2 3))(2 3 4)

The output lacks correct formatting, but generally it works.

The same code unchanged in Common Lisp:

CL-USER> (defun read-eval-print-loop ()
(do* ((input (read) (read))
(value (eval input) (eval input)))
((equal input '(quote quit))
'done)
(print 'input>)
(princ input)
(print 'value>)
(princ input)
(print value)))
READ-EVAL-PRINT-LOOP
CL-USER> (read-eval-print-loop)
(mapcar '+ '(1 2 3))

INPUT> (MAPCAR (QUOTE +) (QUOTE (1 2 3)))
VALUE> (MAPCAR (QUOTE +) (QUOTE (1 2 3)))
(1 2 3)
'quit

DONE

Every language I would name Lisp runs this code mostly unchanged.

If it does not, it is not Lisp. Then it would be Scheme, Logo, Dylan, Clojure or some other language.
There needs to be a better-than-black-and-white way to use salary as a measuring stick. Perhaps salary above the local mean, or normalized by cost-of-living indicators, or something. As it is, if you earn $100k/yr in pretty much 90% of the country, you're doing fantastically and probably one of the wealthier people in town, but if you live in the top major metros (LA, NYC, Boston, SF/SV, DC, Seattle, Chicago, ...) you're probably wishing you had a partner who earned a similar salary so you could even consider buying a house some day. Just living within 5 miles of a Whole Foods doesn't mean someone is necessarily happier or better off.
You deserve more upvotes. I think HN is sleeping.
No it wouldn't. Tuitions would plummet. And we can certainly make sure we have a good, inexpensive (or free!) community college system with wide access so everyone can get a start with higher education.
And it creates the ridiculous price inflation which makes the loans even larger.
Thanks for the update.

Can I ask if you guys are using Powerschool SIS? It's pretty common in the educational sector, and it's designed specifically for medium-to-large school districts. I worked with it only briefly a very long time ago (when it was called SASi), as it started to replace the COBOL mainframe system that the school district I worked at had been using. I'd be a little surprised if it has all the problems you describe. At the time, I'm pretty sure it had support for everything you're asking for.

Are there any automated import/export options for the system you're currently using? Any way at all to minimize the amount of duplicate data entry you'd have to do? Even if you used something like AutoHotKey (http://ahkscript.org/) to do it?

I have a recommendation that's probably not going to be real popular with the rest of HN, because it's not 2015 Buzzword Compliant, but: have you considered just using FileMaker Pro?

It's cheap, they offer discounts for education, and it's fairly easy to use. You don't need to be a programmer to get going with it. It's really, really common, especially in the small business market, so finding people that can work with it is easy. They even have a pile of ready-made applications for schools (http://solutions.filemaker.com/made-for-filemaker/search.jsp...), including one that seems to hit your immediate needs (http://solutions.filemaker.com/made-for-filemaker/detail.jsp...) (caveat: looks like that version of their software might not be editable; the vendor wants you to contact them for a customizable version).

You could throw a FMP server together for $1,000 or less, software included, and be up and running with your first version in a day or two. Treat it like your minimum viable product, use it for end-user testing and figure out what you do and don't like about it, and then if you decide in one or two years that you still really need a custom system, you'll have a very detailed list of requirements that will help the build process a lot.

And FMP is pretty decent about playing nice with other software and allowing you to export data, so you don't have to worry too much about vendor lock-in.

FMP server: we just recently did a server upgrade for the Friendship Club, for really cheap. A Mac Mini works just fine as an FMP server for a small number of users, add in an external drive for Time Machine backups, then your FMP license and a license for the pre-made K12 FMP application to get you started.

Feel free to drop me a line at the email address in my user profile. I work a lot with clients with constrained budgets. I could bat around some options with you.

And if you're looking bigger-picture, pretty much the entire SIS market sucks. Somebody could come along and develop a new product that was modern and robust and it could quickly be better than all of its competitors. But, it would also be really tough to get that exponential growth curve that YC and its kin all want to see because so many school districts would be reluctant to go through the trouble of switching systems, no matter how bad their current system was.
People vastly underestimate the amount of useful information that exists that you could learn. If someone asked me why I don't know some micro-fact, I'd want to respond by saying "because I've learned these other 10 things instead."

If you spend all your time learning some particular domain of knowledge, you're not going to be prepared to ask questions about the domains you don't know. And most people will have a hard time seeing the value in those things they didn't learn. Especially when they're playing an authority figure.
This assumes college is what determines salary after college... Sure it might have some effect but I bet other factors are also v important e.g. Parent's income, family wealth, social network, personality, life goals, etc.

Also perpetuates the myth that college is for job training. It's not. It's for education.
Thank you it really means a lot!! :)
Also, I doubt that the President set up the hour-by-hour invasion planning.
FOREX AUTOMATED TRADING ROBOT FOR MONTH FREE TRIAL
[ed2: Never mind - the standard setup is to have /run mounted as a tmpfs -- I failed to check that before this song and dance]

Which distribution was this? I just tried on my laptop (running Debian 8, fs on top of lvm on top of LUKS), and a simple:

telinit 1
# log in on console
mount -oro,remount /

worked as expected.

[ed: Actually just tried forcing an fsck as well, and worked without a hitch. Just remember to "mount -oremount /" before running a "telinit 5" (Nothing really bad happens if not, but the system(d) will be confused if rootfs is mounted read-only).]
There was a huge amount of work behind the scenes over the past 3-4 years to pull this off, by both CloudFlare people and Baidu. There will be some engineering posts about it.

I personally wasn't particularly involved in this, but met some of the Baidu engineers. What amazed me was just how smart they were -- they were basically indistinguishable from the engineers I've met at top-tier US companies.

I'm really looking forward to the great Internet services for everyone which will come out of companies in China over the next decade. People outside China really underestimate the potential there. It will mean more competition, but also a lot more awesome products and tools, and will make the world a better place for everyone.
To the downvote: Try running a decent load on a 512MB Windows VM. You won't get far. Do the same on *nix and you'll be just fine for quite a while--that's why the $5 VMs at DigitalOcean are so popular.

It's not like this isn't a known thing. Having a graphical environment on a server that is unused 99% of the time is inefficient.
As mentioned above, that doesn't seem needed [ed: nm, it is - if journald is set to log somewhere other than /run that's usually mounted as a tmpfs].

[S]urely, something like:

mount -t tmpfs /run && pkill journald

[ed: that is, for logs on /var/log: "mount -t tmpfs /var/log && pkill journald"] would make more sense? (In my experience systemd itself does something funky on / -- so the above wouldn't be enough -- but still seem a little more sane than running a chmod on a file (presumably) residing in an fs you want to fsck).
Apple Pencil vs. Wacom Cintiq
This is an entertaining read and demonstrates how it might have gone down had that first shot been fired: http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showthread.php?t=...
K&P offered to not seek legal fees if she agreed not to appeal.
She appealed.
At that point, the offer was dead. Withdrawing the appeal later doesn't change that.

Maybe she and her husband will file bankruptcy. Again.
Similar article from 2014: http://www.theverge.com/2014/9/8/6120643/microsoft-surface-a...
Ask HN: How do software consultants deal with maintenance?
I want to try to get into Software Consultancy. I've read many of @patio11's pieces on Consultancy which have been incredibly informative and helpful but one question remains on my mind: how do I deal with maintenance on past projects?

Most potential clients I've talked to want me to create a somewhat simple website for them in 2-3 weeks but what happens if they find a bug or they need to scale it up months down the road? How do I prevent myself from being monopolized by maintenance requests from past clients 2-3 years down the road? Should I charge for maintenance?
Microsoft Resurrects the Title of President
Learning to Linearize Under Uncertainty
I don't understand it.
Strictly speaking, of those three only upstart is actually a replacement for System 5 init. OpenRC and daemontools run under an init, and by and large replace System 5 rc. There are two toolsets (soon to be three) in the daemontools family that provide a replacement for init: nosh and runit. daemontools itself does not, and has had more than a decade of people adapting it to run under init replacements because the vanilla system only targets late 1990s inits, including under upstart as a matter of fact.

* http://homepage.ntlworld.com./jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/da...

* http://homepage.ntlworld.com./jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/in...

* http://homepage.ntlworld.com./jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/sy...
That's nothing - systemd panics (pid1 crash) if you restart dbus, which requires either the Magic SysRq or the reset button..

https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-p-7811550.html#7811550

Pottering was apparently told about this in 2013, when he simply declared it expected behavior because dbus was "rock solid".

http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-Jan...

Incidentally, this might be the original reason for kdbus - it's harder to restart the daemon after it becomes a kernel module.
More details on the CloudFlare/Baidu partnership and how existing and new CloudFlare customers can get announced on the China network:

https://www.cloudflare.com/china
Statistical model predicts high accuracy play-calling tendency of NFL teams
I know it was an example, but the crypto saying is actually a good rule of thumb, while "don't do TCP" is a pretty bad rule of thumb.

You don't need to know that much about networking to get something that's better than TCP in this specific use case. It may be unoptimized and terrible but your goal is latency. Just pretend that 5% of packets will get lost and do something to compensate, and you beat TCP on imperfect networks, even as a novice.
Webpage Screenshot Mockup Generator
I assume this gives the Chinese government raw access to everything before it's TLS-encrypted, right?
damn right. imagine trying to use the controller to tab through each of the options on a website (remember, apple tv doesn't have a cursor).
i've been playing with the apple tv sdk since it dropped and there really isn't any need for a web view. its not like you can't do a NSURLConnection or you have no internet or anything, you just can't be lazy and display a web view. sounds good to me!
Easier said than done. For context fewer than 5% of students admitted to MIT scored below the 99th percentile on admissions tests.
You could check out Fieldbook: https://fieldbook.com/?rc=VJTdQhbp

It's a simple data store that feels like a spreadsheet but lets you organize like a database (disclosure: I'm a founder). Happy to help you get set up with it.
Oh well, what can you do? It's like how the Kleenex name has become genericized whereby "the popularity of the product has led to the use of its name to refer to any facial tissue, regardless of the brand. Many dictionaries, including Merriam-Webster and Oxford, now include definitions in their publications defining it as such." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleenex
"Refactor invoice parser"
The headline's euphemism – "…Boosts Users Over…" – makes it sound like it could allow users to access content that China wants censored. But, there's no support for that idea in the article, and I can't imagine Baidu could be involved in any sort of anti-censorship effort.

Instead, this appears to just help reduce the firewall's latency tax on non-censored content.

Given the way many of Cloudflare's SSL offerings work, it could presumably also (eventually) mean that outsiders will be able to reach Chinese customers with SSL – but only with a decrypted mid-point under Baidu's control inside China.
Of course I read that, or else I would have no idea they broke pointer round-tripping.

I believe this violates C99 §7.18.1.4 (if the TruffleC language defines the uintptr_t type in stdint.h):

The following type designates an unsigned integer type
with the property that any valid pointer to void can be
converted to this type, then converted back to pointer to
void, and the result will compare equal to the original
pointer:

uintptr_t

If the TruffleC language does not define uintptr_t ("these types are optional"), then hey, that's fine. A lot of valid code won't compile, though.
Calling a C linear solver from Go
>If I can show that a capitalist system makes predictions, then I will have proven that it is intelligent.

Your example applies perfectly well to a localized ecosystem. I can for example show that a surge in the population of rabbits on a small island 'predicts' a surge of the population of their main predator. That's the island ecosystem predicting a population bubble and then acts on those predictions. Intelligent?

That's beside the point though, because your example didn't show 'capitalism' making a prediction, it showed the Fed making a prediction. The federal reserve is a functional organization, an entity with goals and intentional behavior. The Fed is a perfect example of an entity that can demonstrate intelligent behavior

It is indeed 'part of America's capitalist system' - again, you fall back on the assertion that a system is intelligent if the actors in it are intelligent, the only obvious source of our disagreement. By your logic, you'd have to consider a baseball game a functional intelligence, a three-legged race a maximizing entity.

Systems of intelligences are not automatically intelligent. It is possible for them to be so; corporations qualify, governments qualify, unions qualify. In order to have intentional behavior, an entity has to be self-coordinated; it has to be able to decide to perform an action, and then perform that action. A market has no coordination, and has no decision-making power - markets are inherently decentralized in that way.

If you choose to define 'intelligence' such that a thing which cannot make decisions or choices, has no goals or intentions, and has no self-impelled behavior can qualify, then your definition of the word is fundamentally confusing to me, and I'm not really interested in trying to puzzle out what you mean by it.
Kudos to the author on spending some time on this one. Not too many people spend much time considering this one.

Unfortunately, philosophy applied to maths usually goes sideways and this feels like such a case.

Mathematicians use delta-epsilon definition of a limit as a starting point to apply rigor to thinking about infinities. Learning and understanding that approach I suspect would go a long way to clearing up the author's quandaries.
> So it gets unpractical to write something like "fix the window that didn't close at the click of the button".

Imperative style normally produces more direct messages than that; talk about how it behaves now, not how it used to:

"Close window when button clicked"

Or, assuming "button" here means "close button":

"Close window when user clicks close button"
It's not like that'd be anything new... The NSA has been known to do this with other major tech companies (google/msft), wouldn't be a stretch to assume they did it at the CDN level.

Either way if you have full SSL (not flexible) on cloudflare, cloudflare receives encrypted data from your server anyway, which wouldn't let the gov't see your data. They'd only be able to decrypt Flexible SSL.