skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There are already substances out there that can protect against the build of up of amyloid plaques...but it is something that people and companies SHOULD spend a lot more money on. Most pharmaceutical companies do not focus on creating preventative treatments, they focus on treatments for the symptoms of existing conditions.
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I don't have sources at my fingertips. I have done a lot of reading. This process of clearing wastes from the brain during sleep is not news to me. They are talking about the lymphatic system, which is the general waste removal system for the body. For your musculoskeletal system, lymph flow increases dramatically with physical activity. So walking more is really helpful. But the brain is on a separate system and lymph gets cleared by sleep.

I have a serious incurable condition that interferes with, among other things, oils and salts in my body. What I have figured out over the past 14-ish years (since getting diagnosed) is that hydration is not just about how much fluid you take in. Just like you can oil something to protect it from water, oil in the body helps keep water in. And salt and other electrolytes also matter.

There are also other brain chemicals involved in helping modulate the waking and sleeping cycle of the brain, chiefly melatonin and co-q-10. I took lots and lots of co-q-10 to heal my sleep disordered brain after getting off the boatload of prescription drugs that fried it and messed up my ability to sleep.

I sleep a lot better than I used to. I am better hydrated than I used to be. But hydration is not merely a matter of drinking water. There are a lot of other chemical things going on there. But I would agree that proper hydration helps (with sleep, brain function, and general lymphatic processes). Water alone does not get you to proper hydration.
it's entirely non trivial. cloning genes is tedious, slow, manual labor. People are working on scaling it up (so more genes can be cloned at a time) and making it easier (so you can press a button and receive a yeast).

Rather than directly replicating the experiment, it would be easier for the team to disseminate their cells to others, who could then grow the cells up, sequence them, and compare the sequence to a wild type yeast to verify the genes were included, then do a few other transcription experiments and blocking assays to show that the genes that got cloned in were actually the ones carrying out the synthesis.
It may not provide the same type of discussion you are hoping for, but I find Reddit to be a pretty decent source for that kind of coverage.
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So the tradeoff might be that you can operate while half your brain is asleep, but your coworkers might think you're acting a bit crazy?

(Not sure precisely how different that is from the experience of most office workers ;) ).
If I were starting a company, I would do it by myself or possibly with some friends. I'm very weary of the VC based startup bubble and don't have much interest in starting a company.
40+ million rain catchers (ie buckets attached to downspouts) would be a great start. I live in a far wetter city (vancouver) and loads of people are installing rainwater storage to ease the load during the summer.
So I wondered about this, but from what I understand (correct me if I'm wrong), the string must explicitly be "f", and thus, a generic string, specifically one created by taking data from input, isn't vulnerable in this way. You could, of course, act on user input inside an f string, but the fault of that lies with the developer not sanitizing inputs, which is an issue with anything.

You do have a good argument concerning not mixing of data and execution as a general principle, though, and I think may be you gave the PHP example as how this mixing can lead to certain unintended issues (not necessarily in python with this PEP implemented, if so, I apologize for misunderstanding). In my mind, this helps with short strings, with simple expressions and makes them more readable--in my opinion, as I said...it's just a convenience. Still, allowing a simple expression allows anything really to be executed, so I guess you have an argument there.
Habitual total water intake and dimensions of mood in healthy young women: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25963107

Effects of changes in water intake on mood of high and low drinkers: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24728141

Beverage consumption habits "24/7" among British adults: association with total water intake and energy intake: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23305461

Nothing specific to sleep I could find.
That's ridiculous. If it had not laid the foundation for all those generations of major changes to be possible at all (without substantial re-architecting), why would they have called it that?

By the way, since you're apparently a subject matter expert, what kernel would you recommend for arrogance-averse users? Certainly not Linux or OpenBSD?
To answer your question, HFTs provide liquidity: you can show up at the market, trade with them, and be on your way without doing what they do in illiquid markets, which is to waste time and money on finding someone who wants to trade.

A question for you: why should HFTs be held to the standard that they "provide to society at large"? There's hardly any business that in and of itself (ie not taxes and jobs, which HFT also does) that helps everyone in society. You go to a restaurant, who benefits? Society? I doubt it. You take a cab, who benefits? You go to a hair salon, a supermarket, a gas station, a used car shop, a clothes store, who benefits? Save for the fact that the presence of the shop gives everyone a free option to acquire the goods/service they sell (just like HFT), nobody benefits apart from the customer.
Apple is already testing its secret self-driving car
I strongly recommend patio11's blog, http://www.kalzumeus.com/blog/ -- he's always been a proponent of that approach.
Hey, this is cool! Great work.
Your comment made me think that maybe: excess sleep is a wonderful survival strategy for an individual (stay out of danger, and conserve energy), but a disastrous strategy for long term development of a species (everyone sleeps in a cave for half the day, learns nothing, make no progress, fail to evolve faster than competing species that spend more time awake)
I get the impression that treaties are studied a lot more closely than the now typical 1,000+ page bills, in part because they come from the executive, they don't come with the understanding that "the leadership wants you to vote for this bill they drafted". More of the tension between branches of the government that our Founders were fond of.

Didn't the (Democratic back then) Congress fail to ratify at least several of the last few treaties they were presented with? When was the last successful one??? These things tend to have lots of enemies, I have some hope these new ones, assuming negotiations are even successful (only the secrecy gives any hope for that, and I just found out on Wikipedia that the Millennium Round between Doha and Uruguay didn't even get off the ground), will get examined carefully enough. Certainly the ground has been prepared.

For that matter, are we sure the language is going to be that ugly? Here's it for the Uruguay round https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/legal_e.htm and I drilled down to this bit on copyright IP: https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_04_e.htm (all IP here: https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_01_e.htm).

Agriculture tends to be one of the worst areas, here's the first of two pages: https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/14-ag_01_e.htm Ugly, but not particularly opaque. E.g.:

4. (a) A Member shall not be required to include in the calculation of its Current Total AMS and shall not be required to reduce:

(i) product-specific domestic support which would otherwise be required to be included in a Member’s calculation of its Current AMS where such support does not exceed 5 per cent of that Member’s total value of production of a basic agricultural product during the relevant year; and....

Particularly good is there's no "this line in this law is changed to....".

And let's not forget that in the US treaties can do only so much, many of them need enabling law to actually take effect.
We already have problems taking each other seriously just based on gender, race and other such things. The movie, the planet of the apes, is pretty much what I think would happen if apes started talking to us.
Please correct me, happy to learn.

Edit: Ah you added an explanation, thanks.
My favourite is car tyre sizes. 215/60R16 means the maximum width is 215 millimetres, the aspect ratio of the cross section is 60 percent, R is both a separator and a code for radials, and it's made for 16 inch rims.
Please correct me, happy to learn.
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Thing is, we use both systems now. What huge cost is involved by saying "Starting in 2020, the metric system will be the official unit of measurement in the US." Manufacturing companies can switch as soon as they want to. Most consumers' toolsets already have both systems (wrenches, sockets, etc).
If I had to guess, using my mental model of OpenBSD:

(a) most non-UTF-8-or-UTF-16 locales will choke (crash or corrupt data) in the rare case that they try to encode text outside their encoding range (the mirror image of the problem UTF-8B fixes in UTF-8);

(b) codecs have to be fast and handle untrusted strings of somewhat unpredictable lengths, making them a likely source of security holes;

(c) possible subtle bugs in a codec enable "cloaking attacks" where different parts of a system parse the same string differently; these have existed in the past with UTF-8, but would have to be rooted out of every codec;

(d) encoding text with one codec and decoding it with another also corrupts it.

So there are lots of good reasons to require the system to default to UTF-8 and use other codecs only in special cases involving backwards compatibility.

I hope you can still get reasonable performance and sensible ordering by setting LC_COLLATE=C.
Well, its almost half.

"Nearly halved tomato water requirements" sounds fairly impressive to me.
@jonnycowboy - Email integration is already on the cards for Myra.

Especially in things that are defer-able - for instance, in needing to do things like scheduling food delivery for 8pm via doordash, where you don't want to change from "work and email mode" to "pull out my phone to text" mode.
Modafinil is designed for narcoleptics, people who are theoretically getting too much sleep. It is not actually intended for people to use to stay up beyond the recommended range. If you stay up for multiple days you are increasing the build up of these plaques, because the brain is not able to clear them out while you are awake.
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It can be solved relatively easily, if and when voters
(and by extension politicians) want it to be solved.

Ah, but the people who have been priced out of an area aren't in the relevant voting district.

Homeowner voters won't support increasing supply. Voters in rent-controlled housing will be indifferent, or might oppose increasing housing density on the basis of traffic/school capacity/neighbourhood character/whatever.

I think there are plenty of people who want it to be solved - just not much overlap between people who want it to be solved and people who can solve it.
"compared to building a few skyscrapers"

You build a few skyscrapers on very valuable land and then what? The area gets even more popular, congestion gets worse further decreasing the viable area in terms of commuting, some of those people would want to start companies close to where they live and now there's even more demand for that area.

No, it's not about relocating to Ohio. It's about doing what a lot of growing cities have done with success. Promote other areas. Paris, New York, London etc. all went through phases where one area was after another was gentrified. Those are of course not cheap cities, but they are also much bigger. Locate the central business district somewhere else. London built it's business district in the former dock area, Paris business district is outside the city etc. Increasing public/semi-public transportation. Good transport takes some time, but that a multitude of companies already did this (just not in a very helpful way in terms of housing) shows that fairly quick change is possible.

Most of this is just money problems. Promotion, incentives, transport, image. You said it yourself, people go there for the opportunities, it doesn't matter to them if those opportunities start to show up in a wider area.
> I couldn't care less if you have a penis, testicles, breasts, vagina, uterus, or whatever combinations of said organs this unique little butterfly has.

Good for you! Neither I nor any of my SJW friends want you to care about which set of naughty bits people have.

What we want to you care about is the stuff that other people, who clearly do care about such silly things, say and do to cause problems for our fellow human beings. We're just trying to get you to help us get those people to knock it off.
How can I best fill out my unsystematic coding skills?
I'm now in my mid-twenties and I've been coding on and off for about fifteen years. I started with Perl and C (now long since forgotten) and work mainly now in PHP. I work in project management at an international research organization, and I've been put able to put my limited skills to use building applications using the LAMP stack with JavaScript and JQuery on the front end. I also do a lot of analysis stuff with Stata. This is all pretty elementary to a trained programmer.

The thing is, my knowledge is really unsystematic and I lack familiarity with many fundamental CS concepts. Yes, I write apps that work— I've created complex applications on my own and for work, and I pride myself on finding creative technical solutions to challenges within my organization.

But I have lots of ideas for things I want to build, and I want to build them the right way. I'm worried that I'll pick the wrong tools and write bad code, and make security and execution mistakes that better coders would laugh at. I don't have the time to study CS intensively or to take a more formal coding class. I don't want to be a professional programmer, necessarily— I just want to be able to execute my ideas in a more professional way.

Any advice is welcome.
It definitely helps whenever I've simply been drinking beer throughout the day.
This is really insightful. The psychological factor you mention bears the most weight in terms of getting started. So, people should change the way they think about starting. Building an app by yourself isn't cap intensive like building a railroad. The beauty is: you're not even going to waste time if you give up since you gain wisdom that carries over onto future projects. +1 for the knowledge worker. Open source developers work in peace and reap those rewards because they don't self-impose the same psychological barriers.
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The recent Rowhammer.js paper showed that you don't even need non-temporal instructions to achieve faults---regular accesses, with a clever eviction strategy, will do: http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.06955
I didn't mean lobbying Congress per se, but simply the level of interaction between the two orgs. E.g. does the USFS work on projects to help improve/streamline Congress and do Senate/House reps meet with heads of USDS and 18F.

I'm afraid my net worth isn't high enough for me to have any real say in the way our country operates at the moment. Maybe one day :)
You're more or less correct.

One of the not-immediately-obvious problems with the React pattern of passing data in via attrs and actions via callbacks is that the parent component needs to accept all the data/callbacks that all its child components require and its parent in turn needs to do the same. In many projects you wind up needing an additional chunk of data on a child component and that change requiring edits in 8 additional components to pipe around the data.

The Realy/GraphQL (also Falcor from Netflix) idea is that an individual component knows what data it needs and having it describe the data it needs and those requirements being aggregated into a hiearchical query over the graph of data present on the server. Structuring your data requirements this way solves both client side (the problem I mention above) and server side problems (supporting multiple client apps with similar but not the same data requirements, only having to write the code to expose a table as part of a query instead of having to shape it to various endpoints).

At least that's the idea. I find Relay as released to be unpleasant just like I found Flux as originally released to be unpleasant. Now that the code is out there expect a million Relay re-implementations before a rough consensus winner emerges. I expect the winner to look something like a combination of react-resolver with some redux middleware.
a list of suspected chemicals at the Tianjin warehouse:

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/firm-says-...
Ex-employee here.
I keep seeing articles like this one consistently getting published like every 4 months by various media. It's funny to see how many times the crowd can buy the same story about accusing Kaspersky in such activity. Now you Reuters.
The biggest gap I was previously aware of in Redux was the lack of getters, but as bryanlarsen points out in a sibling to your comment, that appears to be available in reselect: https://github.com/faassen/reselect (last time[0] I talked about Nuclear vs Redux here, reselect didn't have a readme). So I'll need to take some time to evaluate the options...

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9833058
A lot of skepticism is in order with anything Koko. No skeptical scientists have been allowed to 'communicate' with Koko. Thus only believers, people who are willing to provide very generous interpretations of the ape's behavior are allowed to work with her.
NYTimes builds slackbot to help editors predict popular stories
California is enormous--bigger than many nations. I suspect your sample size is very small. It also matters if you are in the north or the south.

I've lived in SoCal for about three years and even in that short time the changes brought on by the drought have been substantial.
Earlier post with more details: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10062134
(Former neuroscientist here.) This is true of caffeine, for example, which is an adenosine analog (e.g. it has a similar shape and fits into the same receptors). Adenosine is a signal to a cell that it's running low in energy. Caffeine competitively binds to the spots on receptors where adenosine goes, effectively preventing the cell from communicating its low energy state.

Now here's the kicker. When your body builds 'tolerance' for caffeine, what this usually means* is the post-synaptic cell adjusts how much adenosine it's pumping out so that the "I'm tired" signal can cut through the caffeine. And when you go through caffeine withdrawal, it takes a while for those levels to re-adjust to normal.

* in the brain. Caffeine also has effects on your digestive tract, blood pressure, and some other non-brain parts. :)

Edit: corrected cAMP -> adenosine (simple recall error from a lecture that was 9 years ago). The gist of the reply remains the same.
Near me in VA there is a highway with two signs quite close together. One says "Speed Limit 55" and the other says (I won't have the words exactly right), "Trucks slower than 55mph must stay in right lane." The combination of signs seems to acknowledge that most traffic is exceeding the speed limit.
The only difference between a "propaganda department" and a "PR department" is the word used in the title.
That is what I have always heard in engineering school. FTP transfers replaced the magnetic tape.
Explain to me why I should put an emphasis on someone's gender? Doing that is sexist.

I agree with you: You shouldn't put an emphasis on someone's gender and doing so is sexist. But, that doesn't mean this site is useless.

When women are a minority in a group setting, they see few examples of others like them. Minorities generally have issues that the majority population does not share and cannot understand. Getting access to information about what other people like them experience can be enormously helpful in ways the majority cannot understand.

You do not have to care. If you are male, this site doesn't have to be anything that matters to you at all. But that is no reason to piss on the idea or deny women access to information about others like them so they can figure out how to fit in and effectively pursue their own careers.
I am not sure, if it is really worthwhile to produce a C equivalent language in the year 2013 for more productivity.

I think, that C has still some usages, but for bigger projects, it is IMHO not feasible to use C or an equivalent for the whole project.

Most usage I see in generated code or small code samples that have to run rather fast. My questions:

* for a faster C, is there really a new language needed? (can't we go with better compilers)

* C2 should provide better tooling, but at first it is a drawback, since old tools are not working or are limited. How does that fit together? Would it not better, to use just C for generated code (where the usability aspects are also neglect-able).

Of course, every programmer wants to create a new language, but most of them are not lasting long ... and C2 did not convince me from the front-page.
--To me the real question the idea that these firms are essentially riskless. I'd agree that has been the case in the past - I've seen reports of HFT firms having something like 300+ winning days. But what happens when the entire market is made of competing bots - will the efficiency the competition essentially take away any advantage that any one player might have, thus making their profit disappear?

The risk is not that the strategy will lose money. The risk is that someone else with better infrastructure comes along and takes ALL the cake. And the infrastructure isn't cheap.

It's no different to a restaurant or a clothes shop. You can easily ensure that your price is above cost. What you can't ensure is that people will come, and you'll lose by not being able to do enough trade.
I believe they also front-run (I think this is the correct term) big orders. So if HFT bot at BATS sees someone buying all of the lower priced shares of IWM, the HFT bot tries to buy the shares of IWM at other exchanges that are less than the shares left at BATS and before the other exchanges can update prices from the BATS sale. They have this information about the large order microseconds before the non-HFT firms.
We were almost there in the 1970s.

As for "a few generations", yes, certainly. We have only to look to the mishmash of unit use in the UK.

But what's wrong with taking a few generations to get there?

Turning it around, we got rid of a lot of specialized units - hogshead, chain, furlong, peck, etc. (If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many many more are needed to make a bushel?) So it's clearly possible.

Also, metric countries still use non-metric terms for some cases, eg, "inches in a screen", the market price of a "barrel" of oil, and food energy in "[food] calories". This tells me that the transition can occur piecemeal.
You're not thinking about all the designs, tooling, manufacturing facilities, etc to build all that stuff though. That's where the real cost is.

> Would it be a huge deal to round that to 40mm by 90mm?

It actually would be a big deal to round things like that I think. Whole designs would need to be updated to take into account the new dimensions of things.