skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
When PHP 7 is released later this year, PHP users will finally be able to quickly and easily leverage a CSPRNG in their projects.

random_bytes(int) - Generate a string of random bytes from the OS (e.g.. /dev/urandom)

random_int(int, int) - Generate an unbiased random integer between two integers

We wrote this library so PHP 5.x users can import this in their project and write code that takes advantage of this new PHP 7 API. Particularly random_int(), which is suitable for random string generation (e.g. random password generator).

We cannot declare the 1.0.0 stable release until the PHP team makes a design decision about how to handle errors in their version of the library. We currently throw an Exception; they might decide to return false and raise an E_WARNING error. Until the outcome is known, we're in limbo.

This library has not been subject to a paid audit by a security team, but it has been reviewed by several prominent members of the PHP community (and a few security/crypto folks outside of PHP land).

I believe it to be more secure than any other PHP implementation of these features. That said, more review and scrutiny would be greatly appreciated! :)
Bloomberg called us that[0], but the ocean / air / rail freight business has a fundamentally different set of constraints and challenges.

[0] http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-11/flexport-w...
Yes, if you're already at the table and you have something the other person wants.
It also works because, in the words of noted historian Robert Conquest (RIP)

"The simplest way to explain the behavior of any bureaucratic organization is to assume that it is controlled by a cabal of its enemies."
Show HN: Free Company Autocomplete API
If you read the Liberal platform, the way the TPP has been developed flies directly in the face of their commitments for running government. It's a great opportunity for them to highlight their platform using a law that will have real applicability to every Canadian.
It would also be a way for them to put their money where their mouth is. ;)
They should have just called it golang and been done with it.

Yep. For the life of me, I don't understand why they didn't either do that, or change the name to "Issue 9".
> I think the hard part of writing side effect free code is that it often involves more allocations

Are you saying this in spite of the existing implementation of decent persistent data structures, at least in some languages? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_data_structure

I think the cost in more memory (and with persistent data structures, only the difference in memory of the change) is more than made up for by fewer bugs, easier concurrency, and a host of other benefits.

In the light of "mutability always produces more bugs," mutation should be seen as an optimization, after tests are written which cover behavior and side effects.
"John threw out the old trash sitting in the kitchen" is a bit of an idiomatic sentence in that understanding its intended meaning depends on knowing that throwing out the trash while sitting down doesn't make a lot of physical sense.

Writing somewhat more formally the sentence would be something like "John threw out the old trash that was sitting in the kitchen." (Although "threw out" itself is somewhat informal language. "John disposed of" or something along those lines would probably be used in a more formal context.)
Well most video containers formats allow for some sort of segmenting that's also beneficial for streaming applications. My guess was that segmenting the video on the "natural chunks" of the format allowed for easier paralellization.
Kyle Kingsbury has a good look at linearizability and other forms of consistency: https://aphyr.com/posts/313-strong-consistency-models
Isn't the interesting part of "language universal" some kind of commonality that is directly the byproduct of common human biology?

Closeness of concepts in words would seem to be a natural commonality because of efficiency of communications between any two entities in general.
If you read the Wired article I linked earlier you'll see that this is indeed a concern since the updates aren't signed. Tesla is relying on the two way verification of their VPN that is used to communicate between the car and Tesla to validate the software.
They make 20% of every ride. What costs do they really have in a mature market? A bit of customer service and maintaining the app. I don't see how it could possibly do anything but print cash in mature markets.
So you are saying that there was no art before copyright.

That's a new one.
Cheap energy, yes, but...

Scenario: you're living in a medieval village. Project: build a thorium reactor. Step one: ???
While I appreciate the intention behind this, and would probably be grateful to have it available from my current employer (or any other employer for whom I've worked > 2 years), I shudder at the tax implications of exercising options whose strike price is as much as 9 years below the fair-market value.

Hello, AMT...
> Does the presence of those things change how acrobats or drivers perform?

Yes. They change the risk analysis; this can make the difference between acrobats performing at all.

As a thought experiment, just consider what you know about human nature and incentivisation of behavior.

Do humans tend to:

1) Prioritize long term concerns over short term concerns?

2) Prioritize high -- but incremental -- costs to others over costs to themselves?

3) Prioritize future risk amortized over many small events?

4) Prioritize costs that can be externalized onto others over their own costs?

Quiet OTA updates play to all of those weaknesses. The only possible result, as long as humans are involved, is lower quality software.
We had trouble making decisions, so we created an app
We created a new social media site for making decisions. People can create polls to get advice, post predictions, and share their opinions. Its kinda meant as a supplement to other, larger, social media sites. Do you think this is a good place to get people to review the app and tell us what they think?
Learn to use a Debugger, Dammit
Just because something has always worked one way doesn't mean it always will continue to work that way.

If a business is having trouble staffing during certain time periods then it's a pretty clear indicator that they might need to offer more to entice people to work those hours. It seems like a pretty clear example of the free market in action.
Seriously, when can this happen? Is there a cad file on TPB yet? I'd download it.
What if the data used to teach the machine is severely biased?
What does that fact speak for?
Yay Unicode!

∞
Windows Bridge for iOS: Let’s open this up
This language seems to punch above its weight. There seem to be a lot of postively rated submissions on Ocaml on HN, though the comments secions are inevitably quite light. I wonder if there should be a greater effort to learn it. I personally am enrolled here: https://www.france-universite-numerique-mooc.fr/courses/pari....

I know it is not accepted form to post "adverts" here but in this case I'm sticking my neck out as I think/hope this language may well be on the cusp of a second chance, after a peak then trough in 2005-2014, as judged by my googling around. I know for a fact that some super clever people seem really to be pushing the boundaries with this. JS-of-ocaml, mirage os, Coq, Jane Street core. Seems more practical than Haskell. Anti-disclosure: I have nothing to do with any of the Ocaml people. I'm just interested.

My interest has been piqued by R, after being a Python scientific computing programmer. R has some really neat functional constructs and I'm keen to dig further. I have been quite struck by how much one can achieve in a single line or two of code in the functional style.
The Movie Crasher: Man travels the world to crash movie sets
This could be pretty huge. I've dealt with several freight forwarding companies while building a previous startup of mine and it definitely struck me as an antiquated industry (this was 2007ish). Maybe a good benchmark for "disruptable" industries is that you have to actually make a telephone call to get something done. Time to get out the yellow pages and do some research!
PortDog a network anomaly detector for port scanning
Because there is a structure, I suspect stack ranking makes it easier to identify empire building. Highly ranked individuals should exhibit behaviors that correlate with their high ranking such as moving to more challenging work within or without the team and company. High ranked individuals should be the sort of people that the next couple of layers of management are aware of because they create value and solve hard problems. High ranked individuals should be the ones other managers are trying to poach sideways. High ranked individuals should be the ones that the manager relies on to explain technical detail to upper management layers. They should natural have a particular kind of visibility on email strings.

Any culture where a manager can explain away a bad quarter by blaming their underlings is already screwed.
> but there's no way I'd drop it on someone who couldn't debug if something went wrong.

One approach I've done to make things more debuggable (not for this specific setup, but for Unix-running home servers in general) is to SSH in (I used to - with the user's permission, of course - setup forwarding of port 22 on the user's router/gateway/etc., but nowadays I usually setup a remote tunneling script that the user can kickoff somehow). I also tend to build systems that run for months - if not years - without any maintenance, so there's that, too :)

Still doesn't address the "another machine to set up and maintain" issue, but if I did my job right, it would be as inconspicuous as a wall clock.
Did you read the article? I would agree with you in general, but this seems like an off-base comment about someone whose express objective is moving back to the farm to await the collapse of civilization.
I'd love to have more interesting languages in the sample. If you speak such a language, and you are willing to parse ~2000 sentences for me, get in touch :)
> I don't think "post-capitalism" is possible.

That wasn't really my point, but now we have:

a -> b & ~b => ~a

> Does copyright really allow artists to operate in a capitalist society? What do you mean by "operate"?

It allows them to sell the products of their labor for money. That's a pretty fundamental requirement of capitalism, no?
Is it completely unreasonable/paranoid to not bring any electronics or credit cards when attending these kinds of conferences?
Kyle Kingsbury is the man, and his blog is a must read to anyone interested/curious by distributed systems.
Thanks! Feel free to open an issue/pull-request with changes.
Could this not also be solved by a speculative market for songs, sort of like what is described here for an autonomous Associated Press for article content?

http://wiki.bitshares.org/index.php/Potential_DAC_Ideas#Asso...

So as in, you pay a bit to create a market, and buy a bunch of shares low (because you think your song is awesome). Those who find it early and think the price will go higher will buy more shares, and share the song widely so as to increase the chances of others buying in higher. You eventually sell your original shares when you think your song is at it's peak, and make a pretty penny.

Maybe you sold too soon, or too late, but you learn for next time. Maybe you should've kept some for a decade later, at which point some future DJ samples your song and it becomes popular again and the share price starts inching up. Maybe you, as the artist, farm out this speculation part, because -- hey -- you're just interested in making music, and that middleman music trader takes a cut of your earnings :)

Doesn't that give most of the positive effects you mention, but without the notion of copyright?
It indicates that "the dangers of cloud-enabling cars" are in fact "justified by the features provided" for a nontrivial number of people.
The possible exception of Google. I wouldn't be surprised if Cloudflare had more traffic exercising Go programs.
Completely offtopic, but the site loads 1.1 MiBs worth of a grinning man at a resolution of 2446x2446, which is then rendered as an icon at 91x91 pixels.
Kansas is a beautiful state but like most of the middle of the country its population spread, lack of "entrepreneurship-role-models" in most communities and talent flight hurt its chances of developing strong business culture even in an easy-to-do business environment.

I grew up in KC, MO and went to school on the state line. Many of the most promising students from my school and other schools would go out of state for college - and most that left haven't come back yet.

The fact that Denver, Kansas City, MO and Omaha all flank the state and contain more developed business centers also makes company development unlikely.

Looking at this shows how little concentration there is of companies in the whole mid-to-upper Midwest section.

http://www.geolounge.com/fortune-500-list-by-state-for-2015/

I wonder what has made Minnesota so successful.
I love the mental breakdown at all the shades of green at the end of the article.
Learning Physics Is Tough. Get Used to It
The technology behind preview photos
This may be exactly what I want. I don't actually mind ads that respect my privacy and my attention. If ads didn't track my every move and didn't disrupt my workflow by making noises without permission or otherwise stealing my attention and time, I would have zero use for an ad blocking tool.

Of course, this doesn't say anything about stopping those invasive noisy ads or ads that block content, so I may still have to keep using uBlock. Maybe in some future ideal world, advertisers will learn that if they want me to see their ads, at all, they have to respect my privacy, my time, and my attention.

Maybe someone needs to make a "show only ads from people who aren't assholes" plugin.
Extremely cool stuff.

Questions for the researchers, if they are reading:

- Does this proof cover any liveness concerns (weak fairness, deadlock freedom, etc) in addition to the safety property of linearizability?

- If not, what would it take to extend this model to cover liveness? Is this even a good starting point?
Interestingly the human brain blocks any line starting with

(fhtagn
Thank you! I'd be very interested in one, as well.
Magnesium Diboride
The article advocates explicitly typed effects rather than less effects in code. Effect systems are also useful for making high-performance code safer (or enforce considerably static safety at small or no runtime cost). The core feature of Rust is statically safe direct mutation, and also we have the ST monad in Haskell which lets us do mutation behind safe immutable API-s.
It's not really possible to discuss this article if we can't access it.

This item requires a subscription to Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences.

This is really not good!

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/07/28/1502134112.full...
You conflate the tools, methodologies, and detailed interfaces of particular environments (that is, coding) with programming. Master programming and the warts and failings of programming languages and operating systems become less significant.
Ask HN: How much is Single Trigger Vesting worth to you?
I'm hearing more and more that VCs are asking for the removal of single trigger clauses for founders and key employees.

Have you every been asked to give it up? What did you get in return and how do you feel about your decision in retrospect?
Here you go: http://web.mit.edu/futrell/www/papers/futrell2015largescale....
Apologies to your research partner for leaving him out, it's edited! Congratulations on the proof by the way, I am looking forward to this week-end so I can have some time to appreciate it with more depth! :-)
Localizing Apps: Start Early to Cut Complexity
Copyright without enforcement is identical to no copyright.

Copyright with enforcement means using violence against someone who only prints some copyrighted characters.

Spotify model is good, but Patreon model where customer decides how much to pay is better.
Thats the wrong premise for this discussion.

An artist that paints a picture and sells it or performs a concert and sell tickets is a very different thing than someone who mass-produces posters or record a song once and sells it.

And so you need to look at this from two very different perspectives to understand whats going on.

An artist who make songs on Spotify available is nothing more than a businessman trying to sell a commodity as if it's a scarce resource.

An artist who sell a painting can decide what price they want and is in many ways the extreme capitalist having the potential to sell a product that is completely disconnected from the labour that went into making it.

The reason why we have copyright is so that I can't sell someone elses work as if it's mine and that has nothing to do with post scarcity, basic income or automation.

Successful artist are successful business people. Nothing more nothing less.
Right...but if everyone is shipping crap, that is just an opportunity for a company to not ship crap. Assuming a free market.
I come from Europe (eh).

You didn't answer: is that vetoed in public research program or is it the media or the philosophy undergrad who don't know how to deal with the subject and thus avoid it ?
Possible explanation in my other comment:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10018387
Working with word co-occurence clustering based on Kolmogorov complexity I have become convinced that there is a computational complexity element to every language.

Words like "circumvent" and "environment" are close in regards to complexity. Words like "us" and "me" are close in regards to complexity.

The counting argument tells us that most strings are not compressible. It is then a wonderful feature of sensor data, natural language, DNA and computer code that it can be compressed quite a bit. This means there is a certain order in the language that compressors can use to keep the file size smaller.

There is a cognitive economy trade-off between the energy needed to keep a system running and increased complexity. Less complex language helps us save energy. We use short words for concepts that we use often. Very complex concepts and words like "disambiguation" may be described with shorter simpler words to someone who has not stored that word and general accepted meaning yet.

In this complexity view languages evolve to use as little energy/computational complexity to convey as much information as possible. The results found in this article can also be explained using this view. Parsing a sentence like "Throw the trash out" requires you to store in working memory the word "throw" 'till you get to the word "out" for the full concept "to throw out". Until you get to the word "out", the "throw" remains in a superstate (could become "throw in", "throw on" etc.). You need both words to form a mental picture of someone throwing out the trash. This requires more computational energy to the listener, and is hence ineffective. If you want your message to be heard, you have to communicate in clear simple-energy sentences. So using simpler less computationally intensive sentences benefits both the speaker and the listener.

This would readily explain why natural languages beat the random benchmark. Randomness has far less structure to use for compression by an intelligent agent. Randomness is not optimized communication, since it is more unpredictable.

In short: Simplicity and conveying information with little energy is a fitness factor that natural selection optimizes for. This is universal to all natural language speaking agents with a limited energy budget.
Forget that, I want Space Cadet pinball
The missing link you're looking for is free copying.

Easily copied art that was supported by a capitalist model, where the artist paid for rent, food, etc. by selling the products of his labor?

Correct, that didn't happen.
By the way if you ever want a great set of tools to play with language check out Python's Natural Language Toolkit: http://www.nltk.org/
Well the idea is to beat the indexes on a net basis. The fees would be much lower (than 1.2%) because it would not be very active. It would be replicating the index (which lots of people can do fairly easily) but with a tweak or 2 like a slight change in weighting or trimming the 50 worst X or lopping off the 10 biggest caps. I've seen some back-testing on stuff like this that can get you that extra point or 2.
NASA Releases Detailed Global Climate Change Projections
It's amusing that one of the bugs they found and fixed was a buffer reuse bug -- similar to what caused heartbleed -- will help in my 'memory safe languages are not magic bullets' rebuttals.
Xtensio is a free toolkbox for startups: six templates to help you do your best
Or the opposite, the SLC carrying a price premium because it's bought by parties that need the extra reliability and thus have a higher budget.
The CloudFlare blog is not written in Chinese :)

https://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=golang
The "show only ads from people who aren't assholes" is basically what AdblockPlus does.
that's completely true, containers like ISO Base Media FF(MP4) or Matroska support streaming use cases, which is even more beneficial if we got those files as input. But we can also work with any others ... which was also pretty much work :-)
> a flat monthly fee of $250 per device.

That's a bit steep? You could recoup any iOS device in <= 3 months.
That post is missing the network effects. Put another way switching costs are high not because it is easy to bootstrap these but the fact that to switch, your entire social circle would need to switch around the same time.

It is no use half switching, if you have an app which has 50% of your friends and another with 100% which will you use? * that for every person and your retention drops and you end up with a feedback loop which is negative(churn) instead of positive (growth).

Now with Uber the switching costs are low (currently), you can just as easily request a lyft and drivers can use both apps.

The long term play of uber though will make it difficult for others to compete since network effects will kick in. If you have more passengers and drivers, it makes it that much easier for you to do real ridesharing I. E 2-3 people per a car driving down costs. Once you add additional revenue streams like last mile delivery + passengers + ondemand x and I can see why they are investing this much in owning the market.
We have a different form of redistribution, a non-socialist one, a crappy one that does not actually help citizens.

When capitalists screw up, as in the economic crash of the late 2000s, it is acceptable to give them huge sums of capital in a wealth transfer because they more or less hold the economy hostage. On the other hand, when capitalists succeed, our government works to ensure that their gains are as unaffected by taxation and regulation as possible. If they fail they win, if they win they win.

We engage in huge, expensive, idiotic wars where the government pays out enormous sums of money to defense contractors. Lobbyists get laws made and passed that alter the rules of credit and lending (think credit card terms, student loan terms, etc) in the interest of capital. People who approve and expedite those processes on the government side move on to cushy jobs at those financial institutions/gov't contractors/etc.

Sometimes, for these reasons (and for reasons like the one you raise), people say that the US economy is not really a capitalist one, and thus the US can not be brought to bear on critiques of capitalism. This is the same as socialists arguing that USSR was not really socialist because its behavior does not match up to a doctrine written in a book.
So artists that do things that are easily copied (every writer, for example) are shit and deserve nothing? Only art that is fundamentally rare is worth anything?

A writer cannot host a concert. There must be a way to derive value from your work when your work isn't physical or temporal (a live concert).