skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: What are the tax implications of exercising startup options?
I've never been able to find a clear explanation of this, and given Coinbase's announcement today I thought it was a good time to learn.

So:

I get that if I leave my startup today I have 90 days to exercise my options.

I get that I'll have to pay the agreed 'strike price'

But everything after that is unclear to me.

Would I be paying tax as if I'd made capital gains in the amount of the delta between the strike price and the stock's value today? Would the stock's value today be based on the company's valuation at the most recent round of funding?

If the company goes on to raise more VC funding, would I be liable in future years for the 'capital gains' on this stock?

If the company went on to fail, would I be entitled to tax breaks for loss of stock?

etc.

I'd love to see a clear explanation of all this stuff from someone who's been through it or just knows it. Thanks!
For comparison, I get the same sort of speed on my system:

%timeit p = pickle.dumps(a)
1 loops, best of 3: 1.14 s per loop

But tostring and fromstring run in a fraction of the time.

%timeit s = a.tostring()
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.13 ms per loop

%timeit b = np.fromstring(s).reshape(800, 600, 3)
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.57 ms per loop

np.all(a == b)
True
Quora Answer does more justice to his story:http://bhushan.quora.com/Dashrath-Manjhi-%E2%80%93-The-Man-W...
I kinda did the same thing but I put mine in opml format so people could import them into their reader.

https://github.com/jhwhite/datasceinceblogs
Ah, yes of course. And as cyanoacry noted in another comment, the satellite isn't actually in the Lagrange point - it is orbiting it. Thanks for clearing that up.
This is why: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFr5T85F9Zw
Sufficiently advanced robotics is indistinguishable from life. - Adapted from Arthur C. Clarke.
Wow, want to come in and take a look under the hood at Flexport? email me: ryan@flexport.com
And what evidence do you have that human neurons do any kind of computation at all?

Generally, they are stimulated by some sensation until they reach a certain threshold that causes them to fire. That is the basic kind of functionality that nodes in a neural network try to simulate.

But human neurons are not dependent on numbers and change in much more complex ways than a few parameters. The brain requires a lot less data than these networks to learn new concepts. And the concepts that these networks learn are all ideas that humans came up with.

A network does not hold an opinion, it takes in inputs and gives outputs. I do not mean to say that we cannot make a network to simulate a brain, but that is not what we have right now.
Ask HN: Which languages have the most compile-time checks?
I know Haskell and Rust have a reputation for this, any others?
9350 ± 200 year B.P.

B.P. == Before Present https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_Present
Obtaining “extended” cell-site records requires a warrant
AnyPerk (YC W12) Is Looking for a Sales Ops Manager to Drive Revenue
Eyeballing those charts it looks like @scottgonzales scores the best, followed by @cowboy.
There are several much simpler ways a robot car could connect itself for charging. This is just gee-whiz tech for its own sake, and it's fine for Tesla to do, don't get me wrong.

But as someone who can't afford to buy a Tesla, and who wouldn't spend that kind of money on a car even if I had it, I'd rather see the R&D going into more affordable, more practical EVs that I might actually consider purchasing.
inb4 v&
For protection from vehicles, put a bollard on either side. If the cables have overload springs, which they should, forcing it to bend won't hurt anything.

The tentacle approach is mechanically elegant. The base mechanism is obviously a prototype, but that can be cleaned up for production.
Ice, water, and sand in the mechanism will be a problem for outdoor installations, so the base unit has to be protected against those.
Yep, I'll sometimes browse to page 3 or 4, maybe more if I'm really bored. And I routinely check the /newest page and upvote the submissions there.
I found it interesting that reusable printing plates are called stereotypes or clichés, both of which then made their way into general usage.
I've done some diving in the Black Sea and have stumbled upon a number of structures that looked like human-made artifacts. They are near the shore lines as they were before the end of the last glacial period. I'm personally 99% sure there was a somewhat advanced civilization at that time.
FYI you need to fix that site, it takes me a full 2.5 minutes to finish loading with 150mbit internet in LA.
5 SEO Experts Show How They Outranked Amazon
Basiccontent: high-end fabrics with no middleman prices clothing company
F# for fun and profit
To clarify, I'm not saying human-like AI is impossible or unreasonably far off.

The author seems to be implying that what current NNs show is a viable form of intelligence that just happens to "think" in a different way that we need to figure out.

I'm saying this particular manifestation of trained behavior is not viable for expanding into human-level intelligence, as there's no hope of meta-cognition (I don't use the term "self-consciousness" purely because it's overloaded with unreasonable fields). NNs would have to fundamentally change or be replaced in order to gain such. When we do achieve machine conceptual cognition & meta-cognition, it will be a system that will not "think" like feed-forward trained NNs, even if it shares some history or composition with that architecture.
Because General Douglas MacArthur granted the Japanese who participated in human biological experiments pardons to get their cooperation in collecting the research.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_731

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Ishii

But none of this makes justifying the murder of Japanese civilians ok, esp after the fact.
Lexus Officially Unveils Its “SLIDE” Hoverboard
But sometimes, you don't have a supermodel around... just a hosebeast lurking off in the corner. The end result is often shame and disgust for the man, but doesn't stop it from happening all the time.

There are a ton of guys who keep a fat chick on bootycall. You'd be surprised. A better looking woman, at least in markets not as saturated with women as NYC, will not put up with that as easily.
Startups that gamble on the lazy and entitled
You have a small typo on http://clearbit.com/pricing.

"What happens if I go over my plan's alloted requests?" =>
"What happens if I go over my plan's allotted requests?"

Really neat service!
Imagine you pull up to a Supercharger on Friday night of a holiday weekend. All the stalls are taken and there is a line of a handful of cars in front of you.

I'm wishing I still had my gasoline-powered car at that point.
I wonder how much cooling superconductors need in space.

Basically, how warm is the interior of a satellite with a high albedo (gold foil?) in the inner solar system?
I have to admit that I thought at first when you said this was Local Area that it would be run on a network with no outside of network access (which would be a cool app, I think). Obviously, that is not what this is.

Very nice site though and I do get what you are going for. I imagine though that success will only come with very high adoption rates. Without that there will be no one to post to. And of course, you can't get very high adoption rates without having people to... post to. So it's a bit of a chicken and egg issue. How are you hoping to combat that?
It's much older than 1963. Erasmus was researching this in the 15th/16th century, but John Wilkins' 1668 book is probably the most well known of the early works[1].

[1] https://books.google.com/books?id=BCCtZjBtiEYC
Great matrix
Could you provide some details on how you are encoding videos 100x faster?
This is an incredibly dangerous position to take. It can be used to justify almost any law.

A law is a threat of force or violence. Law is the code executed by people with lethal weapons and the authority to use them. Choose them accordingly.
Yeah I do. Actually, I always do. Your question has brought the realization that, though not intentional, if I'm at HN its because that is the thing I have decided to do...

On that note, I have no choice but to tip my hat to HN. Way to go, you have successfully attracted a consumer to your service and then kept him there for way longer than they had consciously intended.

The Silicon Valley business model implemented successfully by the business that fuels it... damnit, now I feel like a sucker...
I think the "static is a cheetah" example just highlights that the neural net is not identifying the best features with which to identify a cheetah. Or alternatively, if, during training, the neural net was only fed pictures of nature with or without cheetahs in them, then what it's really telling you is not the probability that a picture contains a cheetah, but rather the conditional probability that a picture contains a cheetah given that it is a picture of nature. In other words, that picture of static is most likely well outside the domain of the training set, so classifying it involves a large extrapolation, with all the attendant amplification of errors.

Perhaps what we need is a classifier that can tell when a picture is significantly outside of its training experience and say "I've never seen anything like that before" instead of giving an arbitrary classification.
What about an IPv6 URL, e.g. http://[FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210]:80/index.ht...
Any plans for an API?
So I'm going to assume this ultimately a way to prop up windows phones by making it much easier for developers to put something on the windows store. What surprising (to me) is that they didn't go the Android route given it's open source to begin with, and they already have patent licenses in place.
They'll be NSOs, same for Pinterest.
Why not put that thing into the car? It would take both space and weight (i.e impact range and performance) but then we could install outlets anywhere. The car (fleet) owner would be responsible for everything, including maintenance and replacements.

Maybe there's a reason why cables are part of the appliances instead of the outlets? Also, car owners would certainly prefer a snake that works everywhere and not just at home.
@diegoperini seems to be the clear winner with green in each cell.
Is there anything available to fuzz parsers written in JavaScript? (I found tunz/afl-fuzz-js and some others but they seem to be for fuzzing parsers of JavaScript.)
Also, please add more questions if you have them. I'm sure I didn't ask all the pertinent ones, and if there's any place to find people who can answer, it's probably HN.
Sure, basically other encode video second by second, we can do this in parallel on salable cloud infrastructure.

We also released a blog-post on this, based on a writeup from our infrastructure partner Google Compute Engine here: https://www.bitcodin.com/blog/2015/08/how-bitcodin-utilizes-...
Finding something universal (and non-trivial) to human languages would still be exciting.
The Computer as Master Mind (1976) [pdf]
Ah, that makes sense. Sorry for the confusion I created. I meant that DNSSEC PKI is wrong in the sense that it is hierarchical, and the root keys are centrally controlled by a biased party. A better PKI would probably look like Convergence [1], where trust is derived from a hybrid CA/"web of trust" system formed by a network of notaries.

The delegation implemented in DNSSEC is a good thing. I didn't think about how that feature would quite reasonably be lumped in with "PKI".

Oops.

[1]: http://convergence.io/
Inspiration Behind Request.to
Looks like @diegoperini has a perfect score. (Site is wide so if your screen is narrower, you won't see his)
This is partially because every single regex in the example is terribly written. Regexes _can_ look good and understandable with the x modifier and lots of spaces and comments.

You wouldn't write a normal function in one line with no comments, why do it with regex?
Would I be paying tax as if I'd made capital gains in the amount of the delta between the strike price and the stock's value today?

>> Yes, assuming you have not early exercised. This sucks.

Would the stock's value today be based on the company's valuation at the most recent round of funding?

>> Yes, the 409A valuation, which is generally ~30% of the valuation you hear about on TechCrunch for Series B-C companies. Investors received preferred stock. You have common stock.

If the company goes on to raise more VC funding, would I be liable in future years for the 'capital gains' on this stock?

>> Only when you sell it. Same as public stocks -- if you buy Twitter stock, and sell it in 5 years after it's gone up 2x, you have to pay cap gains only once after you sell.

If the company went on to fail, would I be entitled to tax breaks for loss of stock?

>> Not sure. The rules around this are pretty complex. Ask a lawyer.
It can work as a range extender, though, especially if factoring in charging while you stop for a bite to eat, shop, visit the office, etc. In addition, if you're an occasional driver, it can be charged and ready to go if you simply park it in a sunny spot.

I'd pay extra for such solar panels in the roof.
Thanks -- I did not know this. Is there an available list of what ABP considers "acceptable ads?"
Why should URL's like http://3628126748 fail?

For example, http://1249711460 resolves just fine in Chrome.
Falling but missing the ground.

RIP D.A.
I understand the basic architecture (or so I think) and its again the question of what happens when you have lots of complex entities with complex workflow/significance. For example in banking the transactions is one core thing while the rest of customer information is not so much, same goes for a the shipping example (or at least it looks that way from the outside). In a health scenario on the other hand I can see most information being required being the type that require an ES model.

What I gather from Kafka style architecture is the storing/persistent works through the abstraction the processing itself you have to do separately for each type of entity and if you have many of them and your query requirement are complex not sure how to abstract that. I might be missing something.

Again the idea of caching, lazy updating, horizontal scaling those resonates with me but I don't see how to write good abstractions that allows to apply that. For most complex entities it seems I have to do this case by case basis and I can't figure out ways to contain/manage that complexity. And while ES adds for write scalability transactional integrity seems to become much more a complicated questions and hard to abstract about, doesn't it?
I tend to stick mostly to the front page, but I think it's because I'm here more for the comments than the articles, usually.

The lower-ranked stuff tends to have little or no discussion.
Are you a founder with actual stock, or an employee with stock options? I assume employee here.

As an employee if the company value is below the strike price you wouldn't exercise your options because it leads to a loss. Exercising options is voluntary.

If you use the options to buy stock and hold it then profits and loss are subject to capital gains tax. Not sure what the minimum holding timeframe is in the US. In my experience most employees don't have the amount of money to buy the stock for long-term investment. To my best knowledge, losses are tax-deductable. Remember even if you own stock there is hardly an open market to sell like there is with publicly traded companies.

As an employee if you exercise the options and you make a profit then the HR/payroll/accounting department will add that as income to the W2 and transfer the money minus income tax to your account. When you do your taxes you fill in the various fields of the W2 into your tax software. That's the best case and usually just takes you a couple of signatures.
We've built the first version. Anyone can login using twitter anytime.

Majority feedback is quite embarrassing but there are some users who are pushing us just too hard to build a few more features. I'd like to explore if someone would have any meaningful thoughts on how this platform could be progressed.
Boil-off is a bigger problem with LH2 than with liquid oxygen or liquid methane. However, I'm under the impression that it's a tractable problem out to months or maybe even years. Apparently the Spitzer Space Telescope maintained a supply of liquid helium for about five years [1][2].

A lot of Mars manned-mission proposals (starting with Zubrin's Mars Direct plan) depend on the use of a Sabatier reaction which would convert hydrogen brought from Earth into Methane and Oxygen. So the experts must think they can at least minimize boil-off over at least 8 or 9 months. [3]

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope

[2] http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/news/436-ssc2009-12-NASA-s-Sp...

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-situ_resource_utilization#M...
X86 rootkit
SSH relies almost exclusively on the first connection to a server being correct and an attacker being unable to perpetuate a MITM attack against a given host.

Do you rely almost exclusively on the first connection to a server being correct? Apparently. Does SSH? No.
Strike prices aren't set arbitrarily, they're set based on 3rd party valuations of the value of the stock at the time of the option grant. Failing to follow these rules can have huge negative consequences for both companies and employees.
Part of the scientific method is that you generate hypotheses based on the data you have, not that you generate random hypotheses. It's a directed way of thinking.

> The real hypothesis is that a small, localized portion of the code is responsible for the defect. To find it, you can try binary search.

In your example, you used this as an assumption, not a hypothesis. And it's not quite right: the assumption you made is that the _presence_ of a small portion of code is responsible for the defect. That's very different than saying that the code is more broadly responsible for the defect. In my experience, very few bugs are caused by the mere presence of some code.

> When you have a compiler error, whether it's a syntax/semantics bug in your code or a bug in the compiler, sometimes you need to produce a minimal example, so you have to cut cut cut until the bug is just barely provoked. When you have a pipeline of data transforms, and the end result is suddenly borked, it can work to chop off half the transforms and look at the result. When latex is crashing for some unintelligible reason, just comment out half of your document and see if the problem goes away.

Those are fine solutions for those very specific, very simple problems. Given the problem space, the assumption that the error is caused directly by the presence of some input is well-founded.
Ada would probably be put in a similar box with those.

For some more possibilities, see:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Statically_typed_prog...
I sometimes wonder if the front page contents arrive in phases. Perhaps readers who are interested in topics that are there 'now' will become engaged and not make it to the 'new' posts to up-vote to the front page.

Readers who are not interested in what is there 'now' are likely to head to 'new' and find posts that interest them, which are likely different topics than what is on the front page 'now'.

So the topics may phase through in that manner.

'nough navel gazing. Back to work...
EFF team. Grats on having this out for almost a year now. Any stats from this that you're willing to share? Like for instance have any advertisers noticed this yet and stopped tracking people so ads can be displayed? I've got widgets on my website for disqus, twitter, facebook, etc and each of these are blocked by PB. This upsets me as the website owner that content I want my user to see is being blocked. Any word from them about this?
Akin to "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy."

The quote is saying we're all just here on a rock flying through space. Be a part of your neighborhood/communities. Enjoy life, engage strangers not as soulless husks of flesh but as humans like yourself.

Perhaps there are merits to a lifestyle of pure efficiency, but there are valuable interactions lost if you stick to your own little world.
Why are these in the `should fail' section?

http://www.foo.bar./
http://10.1.1.1
http://10.1.1.254
http://10.1.1.0
http://10.1.1.255

The top one is just a fully qualified domain name, and the rest could be valid host addresses depending on your subnet size.
I think one of the major differences is that humans use multiple independent algorithms when it comes to deciding if there's an ostrich in the picture. And most of these are far more sophisticated than the NNs. So in practice the way we solve classification problems is fundamentally different, even though it may seem/feel somewhat similar.

Most prominently there's object recognition (telling things apart from the background, recognizing parts of objects, etc.), size/distance determination (which uses over a dozen separate algorithms: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_perception). We can also reconstruct a 3d model from a 2d image and compare that to our idea of what ostriches look like in 3 dimensions.

So even if it is done unconsciously, we recognize an ostrich because (among other things) it's the size of an ostrich. The NN has no idea what size is, let alone the size of an ostrich relative to other things.

I think the next big breakthrough in machine learning is in ensembles containing NNs trained for completely different things, but acting in a complementary fashion.
Justinmind: Interactive wireframes for web and mobile
Localities in the Dallas area charge 2-3% of the market value of the property[1]. KC charges ~%0.3 of the market value (1.59% of the "assessed value" which is defined as 19% of the market value for residential properties)[2]. So, yeah, the property taxes are much higher in Dallas.

[1] http://www.davedowns.com/dallas-property-tax.htm
[2] http://kcmo.gov/finance/property-taxes-2/