skymizer/pretraining-tiny-tokenized-padded

text stringlengths 31 569k	token_count int64 8 143k	input_ids sequencelengths 9 141k
A mortgage may be a good technique to allow mask the money necessary for extreme money. Before your sign up for financing, it is important to discover all that complements credit funds. Understanding a mortgage? As soon as you acquire a mortgage, one use a certain sum and agree to pay it off within a specific timeframe, often with attention. The level you’ll have the option to acquire together with the monthly interest to choose from will depend on numerous things, just like your credit score rating and ways in which prolonged you’ll take on pay it. How come someone sign up for loans? What are the choosing finance? A personal mortgage is among the most typical type of mortgage, which can be used to protect yourwants above. Personal loans accessible varies from lender to lender. They will need different finance limits, finance interest rates and conditions going around. As soon as researching credit solutions, you can discover merchandise described as either fixed or unsecured. Signature loans are usually unsecured, meaning the financial institution – a bank, like for example – cannot relieve many investments if you fail to payback your balance. However, any belated or overlooked obligations can negatively hit your credit rating and the capability to borrow funds sometime soon. The lending company will regulate how a great deal of they’re able to give a person dependent on stuff like your earnings, credit history and the things you need the borrowed funds for. The most typical exemplory case of a safe financing was a mortgage, or home loan. In this case, the loan are ‘secured’ against your residence. This means the financial institution could repossess your household if you don’t keep up with repayments. Rates of interest on secured finance are generally under on unsecured loans. That’s because the bank shorten its danger by agreeing other ways of recovering their cash if visit the site right here a borrower isn’t able to payback the loan. The amount you can obtain for home financing will be based upon the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. Here is the numbers you’ll manage to acquire as a proportion for the importance of your home. Additional circumstances such as your money and credit history will influence how much you can acquire. Is actually that loan or credit card much better? Based on what you must borrow funds for and ways in which a great deal you’ll want to use, you need to assess lending products and cards. Both are employed in an identical technique – an individual borrow cash and pay it off. But there are benefits and drawbacks every single, therefore considering upwards which is right for you is extremely important. Credit cards could be best if you would like obtain smaller amounts daily. They’re likewise of good use if you’re unsure what it is advisable to need or need further investments on instance of a crisis. It’s necessary to make sure that you can pay for to repay anything you have used on a credit card. You may need to shell out a charge should you decide miss a repayment together with your curiosity owed can start to develop. This will probably supply a negative impact on your credit history. Funding will be more useful when borrowing a more substantial sum of money over a longer time period. You might be able to get an improved interest with loans and you’ll have actually a collection repayment words. Once more, you ought to only acquire what you are able be able to pay back. Lost any repayments may influence on your credit history and the capacity to borrow later on. Before applying for a loan, take a moment to take into consideration all your valuable possibilities. Take into account whether you really want that you’re seeking the mortgage for at this time. Should you dont, evaluate keeping a few cash. You may well be in the position to cut back full measure essential, or a amount from it, so you’ll ought to acquire a lesser amount of. You may wish spend some time to build up your credit history. A much better credit history may imply find granted far better rates and can also choose between a wider selection. If you’re checking out lending products, examine the rates available to find a very good choice for you. This could be expressed as an annual amount rate (APR). You are demonstrated the ‘representative APR’ when looking for credit. This could ben’t fundamentally the APR you’ll see, it is one example to help you easily assess the actual expense of all the mortgage equipment perhaps you are qualified to apply for. The APR you’ll take is dependent on your own personal conditions, and this may be not like the person APR publicized. Often browse the small print on any remedies you’re offered. You may also wish get hold of your bank precisely what the repayments could be. Making a budget with the incomings and outgoings will allow you to try to afford the settlements. If you are struggle to have the monthly payments, you want to consider additional options like borrowing significantly less or preserving upwards alternatively. Before a financial institution or monetary loan provider give you a loan, they’ll more than likely examine your consumer credit score. This is so they may see just what types of buyer you’re ready to come during your borrowing from the bank record. Your credit rating make a difference to whether you’ll have great results in a home loan application together with just what rate of interest you’ll have. There are 2 forms of searches a loan provider is going to do – a soft credit assessment and a tough credit check. Soft queries let the bank to determine what services and products you’re qualified to apply for and won’t create an impact on the credit status. A hard account bing search occurs any time you’ve truly requested for funds. This really an in-depth take a look at your credit report and will get out of a visible footprint. This indicates other lenders should be able to view you’ve obtained loans.	1,258	[ 128000, 32, 21515, 1253, 387, 264, 1695, 15105, 311, 2187, 7056, 279, 3300, 5995, 369, 14560, 3300, 13, 13538, 701, 1879, 709, 369, 29642, 11, 433, 374, 3062, 311, 7142, 682, 430, 1946, 1392, 6807, 10736, 627, 71251, 264, 21515, 5380, 2170, 5246, 439, 499, 21953, 264, 21515, 11, 832, 1005, 264, 3738, 2694, 323, 7655, 311, 2343, 433, 1022, 2949, 264, 3230, 71053, 11, 3629, 449, 6666, 13, 578, 2237, 499, 4805, 617, 279, 3072, 311, 21953, 3871, 449, 279, 15438, 2802, 311, 5268, 505, 690, 6904, 389, 12387, 2574, 11, 1120, 1093, 701, 6807, 5573, 10959, 323, 5627, 304, 902, 44387, 499, 4805, 1935, 389, 2343, 433, 627, 4438, 2586, 4423, 1879, 709, 369, 17017, 5380, 3923, 527, 279, 19301, 17452, 5380, 32, 4443, 21515, 374, 4315, 279, 1455, 14595, 955, 315, 21515, 11, 902, 649, 387, 1511, 311, 6144, 701, 86, 1821, 3485, 627, 35127, 17017, 15987, 35327, 505, 48575, 311, 48575, 13, 2435, 690, 1205, 2204, 17452, 13693, 11, 17452, 2802, 7969, 323, 4787, 2133, 2212, 627, 2170, 5246, 439, 45243, 6807, 10105, 11, 499, 649, 7142, 36045, 7633, 439, 3060, 8521, 477, 653, 85408, 627, 26144, 17017, 527, 6118, 653, 85408, 11, 7438, 279, 6020, 15244, 1389, 264, 6201, 11, 1093, 369, 3187, 1389, 4250, 48839, 1690, 22538, 422, 499, 3775, 311, 2343, 1445, 701, 8335, 13, 4452, 11, 904, 1689, 660, 477, 45536, 30255, 649, 48291, 4295, 701, 6807, 10959, 323, 279, 23099, 311, 17636, 10736, 36113, 5246, 627, 791, 40651, 2883, 690, 37377, 1268, 264, 2294, 3568, 315, 814, 3207, 3025, 311, 3041, 264, 1732, 18222, 389, 6392, 1093, 701, 24608, 11, 6807, 3925, 323, 279, 2574, 499, 1205, 279, 46664, 10736, 369, 627, 791, 1455, 14595, 39039, 683, 1162, 315, 264, 6220, 29642, 574, 264, 21515, 11, 477, 2162, 11941, 13, 763, 420, 1162, 11, 279, 11941, 527, 3451, 85408, 529, 2403, 701, 22423, 13, 1115, 3445, 279, 6020, 15244, 1436, 312, 9007, 434, 701, 14048, 422, 499, 1541, 1431, 2567, 709, 449, 54438, 1392, 627, 83723, 315, 2802, 389, 27528, 17452, 527, 8965, 1234, 389, 653, 85408, 17017, 13, 3011, 753, 1606, 279, 6201, 74481, 1202, 8137, 555, 39427, 1023, 5627, 315, 42386, 872, 8515, 422, 4034, 279, 2816, 1314, 1618, 264, 70719, 4536, 1431, 3025, 311, 2343, 1445, 279, 11941, 627, 791, 3392, 499, 649, 6994, 369, 2162, 29642, 690, 387, 3196, 5304, 279, 11941, 4791, 19625, 320, 43, 16027, 8, 11595, 13, 5810, 374, 279, 5219, 499, 4805, 10299, 311, 21953, 439, 264, 21801, 369, 279, 12939, 315, 701, 2162, 13, 24086, 13463, 1778, 439, 701, 3300, 323, 6807, 3925, 690, 10383, 1268, 1790, 499, 649, 21953, 627, 3957, 3604, 430, 11941, 477, 6807, 3786, 1790, 2731, 5380, 29815, 389, 1148, 499, 2011, 17636, 10736, 369, 323, 5627, 304, 902, 264, 2294, 3568, 499, 4805, 1390, 311, 1005, 11, 499, 1205, 311, 8720, 40651, 3956, 323, 7563, 13, 11995, 527, 20011, 304, 459, 20086, 15105, 1389, 459, 3927, 17636, 8515, 323, 2343, 433, 1022, 13, 2030, 1070, 527, 7720, 323, 89173, 1475, 3254, 11, 9093, 13126, 45054, 902, 374, 1314, 369, 499, 374, 9193, 3062, 627, 34593, 7563, 1436, 387, 1888, 422, 499, 1053, 1093, 6994, 9333, 15055, 7446, 13, 2435, 3207, 39022, 315, 1695, 1005, 422, 499, 3207, 44003, 1148, 433, 374, 69919, 311, 1205, 477, 1205, 4726, 22538, 389, 2937, 315, 264, 11501, 13, 1102, 753, 5995, 311, 1304, 2771, 430, 499, 649, 2343, 369, 311, 54438, 4205, 499, 617, 1511, 389, 264, 6807, 3786, 13, 1472, 1253, 1205, 311, 12811, 704, 264, 6900, 1288, 499, 10491, 3194, 264, 71118, 3871, 449, 701, 41328, 49009, 649, 1212, 311, 2274, 13, 1115, 690, 4762, 8312, 264, 8389, 5536, 389, 701, 6807, 3925, 627, 37, 38289, 690, 387, 810, 5505, 994, 53675, 264, 810, 12190, 2694, 315, 3300, 927, 264, 5129, 892, 4261, 13, 1472, 2643, 387, 3025, 311, 636, 459, 13241, 2802, 449, 17017, 323, 499, 4805, 617, 3604, 264, 4526, 71118, 4339, 13, 9843, 810, 11, 499, 22525, 311, 1193, 21953, 1148, 499, 527, 3025, 387, 3025, 311, 2343, 1203, 13, 28351, 904, 54438, 1392, 1253, 10383, 389, 701, 6807, 3925, 323, 279, 8824, 311, 17636, 3010, 389, 627, 10438, 19486, 369, 264, 11941, 11, 1935, 264, 4545, 311, 1935, 1139, 18361, 682, 701, 15525, 24525, 13, 12040, 1139, 2759, 3508, 499, 2216, 1390, 430, 499, 3207, 11125, 279, 21515, 369, 520, 420, 892, 13, 12540, 499, 15890, 11, 15806, 10494, 264, 2478, 8515, 13, 1472, 1253, 1664, 387, 304, 279, 2361, 311, 4018, 1203, 2539, 6767, 7718, 11, 477, 264, 3392, 505, 433, 11, 779, 499, 4805, 22525, 311, 21953, 264, 32415, 3392, 315, 627, 2675, 1253, 6562, 8493, 1063, 892, 311, 1977, 709, 701, 6807, 3925, 13, 362, 1790, 2731, 6807, 3925, 1253, 34608, 1505, 11938, 3117, 2731, 7969, 323, 649, 1101, 5268, 1990, 264, 22622, 6727, 627, 2746, 499, 3207, 13598, 704, 40651, 3956, 11, 21635, 279, 7969, 2561, 311, 1505, 264, 1633, 1695, 5873, 369, 499, 13, 1115, 1436, 387, 13605, 439, 459, 9974, 3392, 4478, 320, 2599, 49, 570, 1472, 527, 21091, 279, 3451, 36369, 1413, 53526, 529, 994, 3411, 369, 6807, 13, 1115, 1436, 3399, 1431, 43593, 279, 53526, 499, 4805, 1518, 11, 433, 374, 832, 3187, 311, 1520, 499, 6847, 8720, 279, 5150, 20900, 315, 682, 279, 21515, 7241, 8530, 499, 527, 15337, 311, 3881, 369, 627, 791, 53526, 499, 4805, 1935, 374, 18222, 389, 701, 1866, 4443, 4787, 11, 323, 420, 1253, 387, 539, 1093, 279, 1732, 53526, 586, 1534, 13, 36016, 27100, 279, 2678, 1194, 389, 904, 51236, 499, 3207, 9076, 627, 2675, 1253, 1101, 6562, 636, 3412, 315, 701, 6201, 24559, 1148, 279, 54438, 1392, 1436, 387, 13, 25274, 264, 8199, 449, 279, 53990, 826, 323, 704, 3427, 826, 690, 2187, 499, 311, 1456, 311, 10150, 279, 45704, 13, 1442, 499, 527, 14993, 311, 617, 279, 15438, 14507, 11, 499, 1390, 311, 2980, 5217, 2671, 1093, 53675, 12207, 2753, 477, 47995, 45054, 69487, 627, 10438, 264, 6020, 15244, 477, 33384, 11941, 9287, 3041, 499, 264, 11941, 11, 814, 4805, 810, 1109, 4461, 21635, 701, 11761, 6807, 5573, 13, 1115, 374, 779, 814, 1253, 1518, 1120, 1148, 4595, 315, 26171, 499, 3207, 5644, 311, 2586, 2391, 701, 53675, 505, 279, 6201, 3335, 627, 7927, 6807, 10959, 1304, 264, 6811, 311, 3508, 499, 4805, 617, 2294, 3135, 304, 264, 2162, 11941, 3851, 3871, 449, 1120, 1148, 4478, 315, 2802, 499, 4805, 617, 13, 2684, 527, 220, 17, 7739, 315, 27573, 264, 11941, 9287, 374, 2133, 311, 656, 1389, 264, 8579, 6807, 15813, 323, 264, 11292, 6807, 1817, 627, 31631, 20126, 1095, 279, 6201, 311, 8417, 1148, 3600, 323, 3956, 499, 3207, 15337, 311, 3881, 369, 323, 2834, 1431, 1893, 459, 5536, 389, 279, 6807, 2704, 627, 32, 2653, 2759, 293, 287, 2778, 13980, 904, 892, 499, 4070, 9615, 11472, 369, 10736, 13, 1115, 2216, 459, 304, 31410, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 701, 6807, 1934, 323, 690, 636, 704, 315, 264, 9621, 43972, 13, 1115, 15151, 1023, 46115, 1288, 387, 3025, 311, 1684, 499, 4070, 12457, 17017, 627, 128001 ]
<reponame>SkylerLipthay/ducc<gh_stars>10-100 // # Developer notes // // * Do not expose any FFI items through this crate. // * Use `duk_require_stack` directly before any `ffi::duk_` calls that increase the stack size. // Do not instantiate a `duk_context` (via `duk_create_heap` or `duk_create_heap_default`) outside // of `Ducc`. Because of some regrettable global state requirements imposed by Duktape, a // `duk_context` must be specially configured to avoid undefined behavior. For more information, // see `ensure_exec_timeout_check_exists`. use array::Array; use bytes::Bytes; use error::{Error, Result}; use ffi; use function::{create_callback, Function, Invocation}; use object::Object; use std::any::Any; use std::cell::RefCell; use string::String; use types::Ref; use util::{ create_heap, get_any_map, get_udata, pop_error, protect_duktape_closure, push_bytes, push_str, StackGuard, }; use value::{FromValue, ToValue, Value}; /// The entry point into the JavaScript execution environment. /// /// The `Duktape` global variable is not available to scripts because it is possible to use its /// methods to violate security and safety guarantees made by this library. pub struct Ducc { pub(crate) ctx: mut ffi::duk_context, // Internally, a `ctx` can live in multiple `Ducc` instances (see `function::create_callback`), // so we need to make sure we only drop the Duktape heap in the top-level "grandparent" `Ducc`. pub(crate) is_top: bool, } impl Ducc { /// Creates a new JavaScript execution environment. pub fn new() -> Ducc { Ducc { ctx: unsafe { create_heap() }, is_top: true } } /// Returns the global object. pub fn globals(&self) -> Object { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_global_object(self.ctx); Object(self.pop_ref()) }) } } /// Compiles a chunk of JavaScript code and returns it as a function with no arguments. /// /// The source can be named by setting the `name` parameter. This is generally recommended as it /// results in better errors. /// /// Equivalent to Duktape's `duk_compile` using `DUK_COMPILE_EVAL`. pub fn compile(&self, source: &str, name: Option<&str>) -> Result<Function> { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { push_str(self.ctx, source)?; push_str(self.ctx, name.unwrap_or("input"))?; if ffi::duk_pcompile(self.ctx, ffi::DUK_COMPILE_EVAL) == 0 { Ok(Function(self.pop_ref())) } else { Err(pop_error(self.ctx)) } }) } } /// Executes a chunk of JavaScript code and returns its result. /// /// This is equivalent to calling `Ducc::compile` and `Function::call` immediately after. The /// only difference is that this function supports a `settings` parameter, can be used to /// specify one-time execution settings. pub fn exec<'ducc, R: FromValue<'ducc>>( &'ducc self, source: &str, name: Option<&str>, settings: ExecSettings, ) -> Result<R> { let func = self.compile(source, name)?; let udata = unsafe { get_udata(self.ctx) }; unsafe { (udata).set_exec_settings(settings); } let result = func.call(()); unsafe { (udata).clear_exec_settings(); } result.into() } /// Inserts any sort of keyed value of type `T` into the `Ducc`, typically for later retrieval /// from within Rust functions called from within JavaScript. If a value already exists with the /// key, it is returned. pub fn set_user_data<K, T>(&mut self, key: K, data: T) -> Option<Box<dyn Any + 'static>> where K: ToString, T: Any + 'static, { unsafe { let any_map = get_any_map(self.ctx); (any_map).insert(key.to_string(), Box::new(data)) } } /// Returns a user data value by its key, or `None` if no value exists with the key. If a value /// exists but it is not of the type `T`, `None` is returned. This is typically used by a Rust /// function called from within JavaScript. pub fn get_user_data<'ducc, T: Any + 'static>(&'ducc self, key: &str) -> Option<&'ducc T> { unsafe { let any_map = get_any_map(self.ctx); match (any_map).get(key) { Some(data) => data.downcast_ref::<T>(), None => None, } } } /// Removes and returns a user data value by its key. Returns `None` if no value exists with the /// key. pub fn remove_user_data(&mut self, key: &str) -> Option<Box<dyn Any + 'static>> { unsafe { let any_map = get_any_map(self.ctx); (any_map).remove(key) } } /// Wraps a Rust function or closure, creating a callable JavaScript function handle to it. /// /// The function's return value is always a `Result`: If the function returns `Err`, the error /// is raised as a JavaScript error, which can be caught within JavaScript or bubbled up back /// into Rust. This allows using the `?` operator to propagate errors through intermediate /// JavaScript code. /// /// If the function returns `Ok`, the contained value will be converted to one or more /// JavaScript values. For details on Rust-to-JavaScript conversions, refer to the `ToValue` and /// `ToValues` traits. pub fn create_function<'ducc, 'callback, R, F>(&'ducc self, func: F) -> Function<'ducc> where R: ToValue<'callback>, F: 'static + Send + Fn(Invocation<'callback>) -> Result<R>, { create_callback(self, Box::new(move \|ducc, this, args\| { func(Invocation { ducc, this, args })?.to_value(ducc) })) } /// Wraps a mutable Rust closure, creating a callable JavaScript function handle to it. /// /// This is a version of `create_function` that accepts a FnMut argument. Refer to /// `create_function` for more information about the implementation. pub fn create_function_mut<'ducc, 'callback, R, F>(&'ducc self, func: F) -> Function<'ducc> where R: ToValue<'callback>, F: 'static + Send + FnMut(Invocation<'callback>) -> Result<R>, { let func = RefCell::new(func); self.create_function(move \|invocation\| { (&mut func.try_borrow_mut().map_err(\|_\| Error::recursive_mut_callback())?)(invocation) }) } /// Pass a `&str` to Duktape, creating and returning an interned string. pub fn create_string(&self, value: &str) -> Result<String> { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { push_str(self.ctx, value)?; Ok(String(self.pop_ref())) }) } } /// Pass a `&[u8]` to Duktape, creating and returning an interned `Bytes`. pub fn create_bytes(&self, value: &[u8]) -> Result<Bytes> { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { push_bytes(self.ctx, value)?; Ok(Bytes(self.pop_ref())) }) } } /// Creates and returns an empty `Object` managed by Duktape. pub fn create_object(&self) -> Object { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_object(self.ctx); Object(self.pop_ref()) }) } } /// Creates and returns an empty `Array` managed by Duktape. pub fn create_array(&self) -> Array { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_array(self.ctx); Array(self.pop_ref()) }) } } /// Creates and returns an `Object` managed by Duktape filled with the keys and values from an /// iterator. Keys are coerced to object properties. /// /// This is a thin wrapper around `Ducc::create_object` and `Object::set`. See `Object::set` for /// how this method might return an error. pub fn create_object_from<'ducc, K, V, I>(&'ducc self, iter: I) -> Result<Object<'ducc>> where K: ToValue<'ducc>, V: ToValue<'ducc>, I: IntoIterator<Item = (K, V)>, { let object = self.create_object(); for (k, v) in iter { object.set(k, v)?; } Ok(object) } /// Coerces a Duktape value to a string. Nearly all JavaScript values are coercible to strings, /// but this may fail with a runtime error under extraordinary circumstances (e.g. if the /// Ecmascript `ToString` implementation throws an error). pub fn coerce_string<'ducc>(&'ducc self, value: Value<'ducc>) -> Result<String<'ducc>> { match value { Value::String(s) => Ok(s), value => unsafe { let _sg = StackGuard::new(self.ctx); self.push_value(value); protect_duktape_closure(self.ctx, 1, 1, \|ctx\| ffi::duk_to_string(ctx, -1))?; Ok(String(self.pop_ref())) }, } } /// Coerces a Duktape value to a number. Nearly all JavaScript values are coercible to numbers, /// but this may fail with a runtime error under extraordinary circumstances (e.g. if the /// Ecmascript `ToNumber` implementation throws an error). /// /// This will return `std::f64::NAN` if the value has no numerical equivalent. pub fn coerce_number<'ducc>(&'ducc self, value: Value<'ducc>) -> Result<f64> { match value { Value::Number(n) => Ok(n), value => unsafe { let _sg = StackGuard::new(self.ctx); self.push_value(value); protect_duktape_closure(self.ctx, 1, 0, \|ctx\| { ffi::duk_to_number(ctx, -1) }) }, } } /// Coerces a Duktape value to a boolean (returns `true` if the value is "truthy", `false` /// otherwise). pub fn coerce_boolean(&self, value: Value) -> bool { unsafe { let _sg = StackGuard::new(self.ctx); self.push_value(value); ffi::duk_to_boolean(self.ctx, -1) != 0 } } /// Returns the call stack entry at given level or `None` if given level is invalid (outside the /// current call stack). /// /// # Levels /// /// `-1` is the most recent function called. If the inspect function is invoked from inside a /// Ducc callback function, this will be the function callback itself. /// * `-2` is the caller of `-1` /// * ... And so on. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// # use ducc::Ducc; /// # let ducc = Ducc::new(); /// if let Some(entry) = ducc.inspect_call_stack_entry(-2) { /// let file_name = entry.function.into_object().get::<_, String>("fileName").unwrap(); /// println!("Function was called from {} line {}", file_name, entry.line_number); /// }; /// ``` pub fn inspect_call_stack_entry<'ducc>(&'ducc self, level: i32) -> Option<CallStackEntry<'ducc>> { unsafe { let _sg = StackGuard::new(self.ctx); ffi::duk_inspect_callstack_entry(self.ctx, level); let val = self.pop_value(); let entry = match val.as_object() { Some(obj) => obj, None => return None }; let keys = ( entry.get::<_, Function>("function"), entry.get::<_, f64>("pc"), entry.get::<_, f64>("lineNumber"), ); match keys { (Ok(func), Ok(pc), Ok(line_number)) => Some(CallStackEntry::<'ducc> { function: func, pc: pc, line_number: line_number }), _ => None } } } pub(crate) unsafe fn push_value(&self, value: Value) { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 1, { match value { Value::Undefined => { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_undefined(self.ctx); }, Value::Null => { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_null(self.ctx); }, Value::Boolean(b) => { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_boolean(self.ctx, if b { 1 } else { 0 }); }, Value::Number(n) => { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_number(self.ctx, n); }, Value::String(s) => self.push_ref(&s.0), Value::Function(f) => self.push_ref(&f.0), Value::Array(a) => self.push_ref(&a.0), Value::Object(o) => self.push_ref(&o.0), Value::Bytes(b) => self.push_ref(&b.0), } }) } // Pops the value at the top of the stack and converts it to a `Value`. // // Returns `Value::Undefined` if `duk_get_type` returns a value type that cannot be decoded. pub(crate) unsafe fn pop_value(&self) -> Value { assert_stack!(self.ctx, -1, { match ffi::duk_get_type(self.ctx, -1) as u32 { ffi::DUK_TYPE_UNDEFINED => { ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); Value::Undefined }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_NULL => { ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); Value::Null }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_BOOLEAN => { let result = ffi::duk_get_boolean(self.ctx, -1) != 0; ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); Value::Boolean(result) }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_NUMBER => { let result = ffi::duk_get_number(self.ctx, -1); ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); Value::Number(result) }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_STRING => { Value::String(String(self.pop_ref())) }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_OBJECT \| ffi::DUK_TYPE_BUFFER => { if ffi::duk_is_buffer_data(self.ctx, -1) != 0 { Value::Bytes(Bytes(self.pop_ref())) } else if ffi::duk_is_function(self.ctx, -1) != 0 { Value::Function(Function(self.pop_ref())) } else if ffi::duk_is_array(self.ctx, -1) != 0 { Value::Array(Array(self.pop_ref())) } else { Value::Object(Object(self.pop_ref())) } }, _ => Value::Undefined, } }) } pub(crate) unsafe fn push_ref(&self, r: &Ref) { assert!(r.ducc.ctx == self.ctx, "`Value` passed from one `Ducc` instance to another"); assert_stack!(self.ctx, 1, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 2); ffi::duk_push_heap_stash(self.ctx); ffi::duk_get_prop_index(self.ctx, -1, r.stash_key); ffi::duk_remove(self.ctx, -2); }); } pub(crate) unsafe fn pop_ref(&self) -> Ref { const STASH_KEY: [i8; 10] = hidden_i8str!('s', 't', 'a', 's', 'h', 'k', 'e', 'y'); assert_stack!(self.ctx, -1, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 2); ffi::duk_push_heap_stash(self.ctx); // Generate a unique stash key. ffi::duk_get_global_string(self.ctx, STASH_KEY.as_ptr() as const _); let mut stash_key: ffi::duk_uarridx_t = ffi::duk_to_number(self.ctx, -1) as u32; ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); let mut has_wrapped = false; loop { stash_key = stash_key.wrapping_add(1); if stash_key == 0 { if has_wrapped { // We searched the entire integer space for an empty heap space. Looks like // we're out of indexable memory! This only happens if the user pushes // `0xFFFFFFFF` references to the heap at once, which is probably at least // 16GB of memory. panic!("out of addressable space in duktape heap"); } else { has_wrapped = true; } } if ffi::duk_has_prop_index(self.ctx, -1, stash_key) == 0 { break; } } ffi::duk_push_uint(self.ctx, stash_key); ffi::duk_put_global_string(self.ctx, STASH_KEY.as_ptr() as const _); ffi::duk_dup(self.ctx, -2); ffi::duk_put_prop_index(self.ctx, -2, stash_key); ffi::duk_pop_2(self.ctx); Ref { ducc: self, stash_key: stash_key } }) } pub(crate) unsafe fn clone_ref(&self, r: &Ref) -> Ref { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { self.push_ref(r); self.pop_ref() }) } pub(crate) unsafe fn drop_ref(&self, r: &mut Ref) { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_heap_stash(self.ctx); ffi::duk_del_prop_index(self.ctx, -1, r.stash_key); ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); }); } } impl Drop for Ducc { fn drop(&mut self) { if !self.is_top { return; } unsafe { let udata = get_udata(self.ctx); let any_map = get_any_map(self.ctx); ffi::duk_destroy_heap(self.ctx); Box::from_raw(udata); Box::from_raw(any_map); } } } /// A list of one-time settings for JavaScript execution. #[derive(Default)] pub struct ExecSettings { /// An optional closure that returns `true` if the execution should be cancelled as soon as /// possible, or `false` if the execution should continue. This is useful for implementing an /// execution timeout. This function is only called during JavaScript execution, and will not be /// called while execution is within native Rust code. pub cancel_fn: Option<Box<dyn Fn() -> bool>>, } /// Internal entry on the call stack as returned by /// [inspect_call_stack_entry](Ducc::inspect_call_stack_entry). pub struct CallStackEntry<'ducc> { /// Function being executed. Note that this is a potential sandboxing concern if exposed to /// untrusted code. pub function: Function<'ducc>, /// Program counter for ECMAScript functions. Zero if executing a native function. pub pc: f64, /// Line number for ECMAScript functions. This is zero if executing a native function or if /// PC-to-line translation data is not available. pub line_number: f64 }	9,091	[ 128000, 27, 265, 621, 373, 26922, 8050, 1565, 43, 575, 339, 352, 14, 1072, 641, 27, 876, 1284, 1590, 29, 605, 12, 1041, 198, 322, 674, 25922, 8554, 198, 2341, 322, 353, 3234, 539, 29241, 904, 435, 19991, 3673, 1555, 420, 18187, 627, 322, 353, 5560, 1595, 57671, 14112, 15897, 63, 6089, 1603, 904, 1595, 54899, 487, 57671, 46897, 63, 6880, 430, 5376, 279, 5729, 1404, 627, 322, 353, 3234, 539, 42002, 264, 1595, 57671, 8634, 63, 320, 20708, 1595, 57671, 8827, 34159, 63, 477, 1595, 57671, 8827, 34159, 10198, 33981, 4994, 198, 322, 256, 315, 1595, 35, 14912, 29687, 9393, 315, 1063, 23023, 2048, 3728, 1614, 8670, 27070, 555, 423, 38767, 2070, 11, 264, 198, 322, 256, 1595, 57671, 8634, 63, 2011, 387, 35426, 20336, 311, 5766, 5732, 7865, 13, 1789, 810, 2038, 345, 322, 256, 1518, 1595, 28389, 18937, 21179, 7348, 9965, 63438, 817, 1358, 487, 1895, 280, 817, 5943, 487, 7223, 280, 817, 1493, 23821, 1480, 11, 5832, 2499, 817, 78056, 280, 817, 734, 23821, 3261, 12802, 11, 5830, 11, 79593, 2499, 817, 1665, 487, 1211, 280, 817, 1487, 487, 3852, 487, 8780, 280, 817, 1487, 487, 5997, 487, 4032, 3683, 280, 817, 925, 487, 707, 280, 817, 4595, 487, 4032, 280, 817, 4186, 75943, 262, 1893, 34159, 345, 262, 636, 38348, 5489, 345, 262, 636, 73039, 460, 345, 262, 2477, 4188, 345, 262, 6144, 821, 38767, 2070, 73923, 345, 262, 4585, 12807, 345, 262, 4585, 2966, 345, 262, 14619, 21471, 345, 2499, 817, 907, 23821, 3915, 1150, 11, 2057, 1150, 11, 5273, 2368, 2640, 578, 4441, 1486, 1139, 279, 13210, 11572, 4676, 627, 15735, 2640, 578, 1595, 35, 38767, 2070, 63, 3728, 3977, 374, 539, 2561, 311, 20070, 1606, 433, 374, 3284, 311, 1005, 1202, 198, 2640, 5528, 311, 41587, 4868, 323, 7296, 36755, 1903, 555, 420, 6875, 627, 9780, 2080, 423, 14912, 341, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 5753, 25, 353, 7129, 78056, 487, 57671, 8634, 345, 262, 443, 4514, 750, 11, 264, 1595, 3858, 63, 649, 3974, 304, 5361, 1595, 35, 14912, 63, 13422, 320, 4151, 1595, 1723, 487, 3261, 12802, 90846, 262, 443, 779, 584, 1205, 311, 1304, 2771, 584, 1193, 6068, 279, 423, 38767, 2070, 17817, 304, 279, 1948, 11852, 330, 53766, 3850, 1, 1595, 35, 14912, 19154, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 374, 10643, 25, 1845, 345, 633, 6517, 423, 14912, 341, 262, 1066, 15026, 264, 502, 13210, 11572, 4676, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 502, 368, 1492, 423, 14912, 341, 286, 423, 14912, 314, 5753, 25, 20451, 314, 1893, 34159, 368, 2529, 374, 10643, 25, 837, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 5295, 279, 3728, 1665, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 38885, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 3075, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 19854, 5427, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 3075, 1214, 8452, 7949, 2455, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 13620, 3742, 264, 12143, 315, 13210, 2082, 323, 4780, 433, 439, 264, 734, 449, 912, 6105, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 578, 2592, 649, 387, 7086, 555, 6376, 279, 1595, 609, 63, 5852, 13, 1115, 374, 8965, 11349, 439, 433, 198, 262, 1066, 3135, 304, 2731, 6103, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 92328, 311, 423, 38767, 2070, 596, 1595, 57671, 75270, 63, 1701, 1595, 22272, 42, 84501, 72065, 19154, 262, 6814, 5279, 19742, 2146, 726, 11, 2592, 25, 612, 496, 11, 836, 25, 7104, 53344, 496, 9414, 1492, 5832, 27, 5263, 29, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 4585, 2966, 1214, 31708, 11, 2592, 41107, 394, 4585, 2966, 1214, 31708, 11, 836, 56495, 8908, 446, 1379, 2830, 38545, 394, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 623, 21065, 1214, 31708, 11, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 84501, 72065, 8, 624, 220, 15, 341, 504, 7777, 55016, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 394, 335, 775, 341, 504, 15863, 41248, 4188, 1214, 31708, 1192, 394, 457, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 56642, 264, 12143, 315, 13210, 2082, 323, 4780, 1202, 1121, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1115, 374, 13890, 311, 8260, 1595, 35, 14912, 487, 21065, 63, 323, 1595, 5263, 487, 6797, 63, 7214, 1306, 13, 578, 198, 262, 1066, 1193, 6811, 374, 430, 420, 734, 11815, 264, 1595, 6648, 63, 5852, 11, 649, 387, 1511, 311, 198, 262, 1066, 14158, 832, 7394, 11572, 5110, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 3969, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 432, 25, 5659, 1150, 18795, 1072, 641, 98338, 286, 31236, 1072, 641, 659, 345, 286, 2592, 25, 612, 496, 345, 286, 836, 25, 7104, 53344, 496, 12803, 286, 5110, 25, 10502, 6214, 345, 262, 883, 1492, 5832, 24259, 29, 341, 286, 1095, 2988, 284, 659, 19458, 12719, 11, 836, 90820, 286, 1095, 577, 695, 284, 20451, 314, 636, 73039, 460, 1214, 31708, 8, 2670, 286, 20451, 314, 4712, 664, 460, 570, 751, 18937, 11090, 24258, 1237, 557, 286, 1095, 1121, 284, 2988, 8692, 5175, 629, 286, 20451, 314, 4712, 664, 460, 570, 7574, 18937, 11090, 2178, 557, 286, 1121, 40960, 746, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 85853, 904, 3460, 315, 91629, 907, 315, 955, 1595, 51, 63, 1139, 279, 1595, 35, 14912, 7964, 11383, 369, 3010, 57470, 198, 262, 1066, 505, 2949, 34889, 5865, 2663, 505, 2949, 13210, 13, 1442, 264, 907, 2736, 6866, 449, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 1401, 11, 433, 374, 6052, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 743, 3398, 1807, 29339, 11, 350, 45884, 7129, 659, 11, 1401, 25, 735, 11, 828, 25, 350, 8, 1492, 7104, 80952, 93946, 5884, 489, 364, 2020, 40171, 262, 1405, 198, 286, 735, 25, 33228, 345, 286, 350, 25, 5884, 489, 364, 2020, 345, 262, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 904, 5489, 284, 636, 38348, 5489, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 4712, 3852, 5489, 570, 4302, 4962, 2446, 3991, 1535, 8425, 487, 943, 2657, 1192, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 5295, 264, 1217, 828, 907, 555, 1202, 1401, 11, 477, 1595, 4155, 63, 422, 912, 907, 6866, 449, 279, 1401, 13, 1442, 264, 907, 198, 262, 1066, 6866, 719, 433, 374, 539, 315, 279, 955, 1595, 51, 7964, 1595, 4155, 63, 374, 6052, 13, 1115, 374, 11383, 1511, 555, 264, 34889, 198, 262, 1066, 734, 2663, 505, 2949, 13210, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 636, 3398, 1807, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 350, 25, 5884, 489, 364, 2020, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 1401, 25, 612, 496, 8, 1492, 7104, 53344, 6, 1072, 641, 350, 29, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 904, 5489, 284, 636, 38348, 5489, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 2489, 4712, 3852, 5489, 570, 456, 4962, 8, 341, 394, 4427, 2657, 8, 591, 828, 18644, 3914, 7949, 28738, 51, 66866, 394, 2290, 591, 2290, 345, 310, 457, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 39875, 323, 4780, 264, 1217, 828, 907, 555, 1202, 1401, 13, 5295, 1595, 4155, 63, 422, 912, 907, 6866, 449, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 1401, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 4148, 3398, 1807, 2146, 7129, 659, 11, 1401, 25, 612, 496, 8, 1492, 7104, 80952, 93946, 5884, 489, 364, 2020, 2511, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 904, 5489, 284, 636, 38348, 5489, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 4712, 3852, 5489, 570, 5514, 4962, 340, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 32730, 2690, 264, 34889, 734, 477, 22722, 11, 6968, 264, 42022, 13210, 734, 3790, 311, 433, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 578, 734, 596, 471, 907, 374, 2744, 264, 1595, 2122, 45722, 1442, 279, 734, 4780, 1595, 7903, 7964, 279, 1493, 198, 262, 1066, 374, 9408, 439, 264, 13210, 1493, 11, 902, 649, 387, 10791, 2949, 13210, 477, 90712, 839, 709, 1203, 198, 262, 1066, 1139, 34889, 13, 1115, 6276, 1701, 279, 1595, 30, 63, 5793, 311, 58514, 6103, 1555, 29539, 198, 262, 1066, 13210, 2082, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1442, 279, 734, 4780, 1595, 11839, 7964, 279, 13282, 907, 690, 387, 16489, 311, 832, 477, 810, 198, 262, 1066, 13210, 2819, 13, 1789, 3649, 389, 34889, 4791, 12278, 2979, 6035, 49822, 11, 8464, 311, 279, 1595, 1271, 1150, 63, 323, 198, 262, 1066, 1595, 1271, 6359, 63, 25022, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 9353, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 364, 13802, 11, 432, 11, 435, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 2988, 25, 435, 8, 1492, 5830, 18795, 1072, 641, 397, 262, 1405, 198, 286, 432, 25, 2057, 1150, 18795, 13802, 12803, 286, 435, 25, 364, 2020, 489, 11244, 489, 51282, 7, 38543, 18795, 13802, 9414, 1492, 5832, 24259, 12803, 262, 341, 286, 1893, 12802, 1214, 11, 8425, 487, 943, 35181, 765, 1072, 641, 11, 420, 11, 2897, 91, 341, 310, 2988, 7, 38543, 314, 3930, 641, 11, 420, 11, 2897, 6547, 4710, 998, 3220, 7, 1072, 641, 340, 286, 29812, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 32730, 2690, 264, 26889, 34889, 22722, 11, 6968, 264, 42022, 13210, 734, 3790, 311, 433, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1115, 374, 264, 2373, 315, 1595, 3261, 9353, 63, 430, 27441, 264, 51282, 52540, 5811, 13, 29734, 311, 198, 262, 1066, 1595, 3261, 9353, 63, 369, 810, 2038, 922, 279, 8292, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 9353, 30623, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 364, 13802, 11, 432, 11, 435, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 2988, 25, 435, 8, 1492, 5830, 18795, 1072, 641, 397, 262, 1405, 198, 286, 432, 25, 2057, 1150, 18795, 13802, 12803, 286, 435, 25, 364, 2020, 489, 11244, 489, 51282, 52540, 7, 38543, 18795, 13802, 9414, 1492, 5832, 24259, 12803, 262, 341, 286, 1095, 2988, 284, 8718, 3683, 487, 943, 19062, 317, 286, 659, 2581, 9353, 35181, 765, 14386, 2328, 91, 341, 310, 16278, 7129, 353, 2900, 49879, 890, 7924, 30623, 1020, 2235, 9450, 23236, 36495, 4703, 487, 50612, 30623, 12802, 2189, 30, 2432, 14386, 2328, 340, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 10175, 264, 1595, 5, 496, 63, 311, 423, 38767, 2070, 11, 6968, 323, 13758, 459, 2655, 291, 925, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 3991, 2146, 726, 11, 907, 25, 612, 496, 8, 1492, 5832, 3548, 29, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 4585, 2966, 1214, 31708, 11, 907, 41107, 394, 7777, 2292, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 10175, 264, 1595, 5, 58, 84, 23, 60, 63, 311, 423, 38767, 2070, 11, 6968, 323, 13758, 459, 2655, 291, 1595, 7223, 19154, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 12807, 2146, 726, 11, 907, 25, 45690, 84, 23, 2526, 1492, 5832, 27, 7223, 29, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 4585, 12807, 1214, 31708, 11, 907, 41107, 394, 7777, 77523, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 15026, 323, 4780, 459, 4384, 1595, 1211, 63, 9152, 555, 423, 38767, 2070, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 5427, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 3075, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 5427, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 3075, 1214, 8452, 7949, 2455, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 15026, 323, 4780, 459, 4384, 1595, 1895, 63, 9152, 555, 423, 38767, 2070, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 3943, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 2982, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 3943, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 2982, 1214, 8452, 7949, 2455, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 15026, 323, 4780, 459, 1595, 1211, 63, 9152, 555, 423, 38767, 2070, 10409, 449, 279, 7039, 323, 2819, 505, 459, 198, 262, 1066, 15441, 13, 25104, 527, 94285, 2041, 311, 1665, 6012, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1115, 374, 264, 15792, 13564, 2212, 1595, 35, 14912, 487, 3261, 5427, 63, 323, 1595, 1211, 487, 751, 29687, 3580, 1595, 1211, 487, 751, 63, 369, 198, 262, 1066, 1268, 420, 1749, 2643, 471, 459, 1493, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 5427, 5791, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 735, 11, 650, 11, 358, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 5480, 25, 358, 8, 1492, 5832, 21191, 18795, 1072, 641, 40171, 262, 1405, 198, 286, 735, 25, 2057, 1150, 18795, 1072, 641, 12803, 286, 650, 25, 2057, 1150, 18795, 1072, 641, 12803, 286, 358, 25, 32745, 12217, 32957, 284, 320, 42, 11, 650, 8, 12803, 262, 341, 286, 1095, 1665, 284, 659, 2581, 5427, 545, 286, 369, 320, 74, 11, 348, 8, 304, 5480, 341, 310, 1665, 995, 6097, 11, 348, 41107, 286, 457, 286, 7777, 4496, 340, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 3623, 261, 1634, 264, 423, 38767, 2070, 907, 311, 264, 925, 13, 49669, 682, 13210, 2819, 527, 55363, 1260, 311, 9246, 345, 262, 1066, 719, 420, 1253, 3775, 449, 264, 15964, 1493, 1234, 24674, 13463, 320, 68, 1326, 13, 422, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 469, 6358, 5948, 1595, 5994, 63, 8292, 3872, 459, 1493, 4390, 262, 6814, 5279, 84125, 3991, 18795, 1072, 641, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 907, 25, 5273, 18795, 1072, 641, 9414, 1492, 5832, 3548, 18795, 1072, 641, 2511, 341, 286, 2489, 907, 341, 310, 5273, 487, 707, 1161, 8, 591, 7777, 1161, 1350, 310, 907, 591, 20451, 341, 394, 1095, 721, 2034, 284, 14619, 21471, 487, 943, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 659, 2615, 3220, 3764, 317, 394, 6144, 821, 38767, 2070, 73923, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 11, 220, 16, 11, 765, 3858, 91, 78056, 487, 57671, 2401, 3991, 7654, 11, 482, 16, 595, 38545, 394, 7777, 2292, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 310, 1173, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 3623, 261, 1634, 264, 423, 38767, 2070, 907, 311, 264, 1396, 13, 49669, 682, 13210, 2819, 527, 55363, 1260, 311, 5219, 345, 262, 1066, 719, 420, 1253, 3775, 449, 264, 15964, 1493, 1234, 24674, 13463, 320, 68, 1326, 13, 422, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 469, 6358, 5948, 1595, 1271, 2903, 63, 8292, 3872, 459, 1493, 4390, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1115, 690, 471, 1595, 1872, 487, 69, 1227, 487, 45, 1111, 63, 422, 279, 907, 706, 912, 35876, 13890, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 84125, 5617, 18795, 1072, 641, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 907, 25, 5273, 18795, 1072, 641, 9414, 1492, 5832, 64995, 1227, 29, 341, 286, 2489, 907, 341, 310, 5273, 487, 2903, 1471, 8, 591, 7777, 1471, 1350, 310, 907, 591, 20451, 341, 394, 1095, 721, 2034, 284, 14619, 21471, 487, 943, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 659, 2615, 3220, 3764, 317, 394, 6144, 821, 38767, 2070, 73923, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 11, 220, 15, 11, 765, 3858, 91, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 2401, 5617, 7654, 11, 482, 16, 340, 394, 2820, 310, 1173, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 3623, 261, 1634, 264, 423, 38767, 2070, 907, 311, 264, 2777, 320, 4310, 1595, 1904, 63, 422, 279, 907, 374, 330, 59677, 88, 498, 1595, 3934, 4077, 262, 1066, 6062, 4390, 262, 6814, 5279, 84125, 47742, 2146, 726, 11, 907, 25, 5273, 8, 1492, 1845, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 721, 2034, 284, 14619, 21471, 487, 943, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 659, 2615, 3220, 3764, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 2401, 47742, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 198, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 5295, 279, 1650, 5729, 4441, 520, 2728, 2237, 477, 1595, 4155, 63, 422, 2728, 2237, 374, 8482, 320, 68090, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 1510, 1650, 5729, 4390, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 674, 53793, 198, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 353, 94897, 16, 63, 374, 279, 1455, 3293, 734, 2663, 13, 1442, 279, 25052, 734, 374, 27979, 505, 4871, 264, 198, 262, 1066, 257, 423, 14912, 4927, 734, 11, 420, 690, 387, 279, 734, 4927, 5196, 627, 262, 1066, 353, 94897, 17, 63, 374, 279, 20456, 315, 94897, 16, 4077, 262, 1066, 353, 2564, 1628, 779, 389, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 674, 13688, 198, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 42333, 262, 1066, 674, 1005, 3930, 641, 487, 35, 14912, 280, 262, 1066, 674, 1095, 3930, 641, 284, 423, 14912, 487, 943, 545, 262, 1066, 422, 1095, 4427, 18739, 8, 284, 3930, 641, 59354, 13735, 15897, 9255, 4172, 17, 8, 341, 262, 1066, 262, 1095, 1052, 1292, 284, 4441, 20687, 40960, 5427, 1020, 456, 28738, 7022, 935, 13514, 21096, 1865, 15818, 545, 262, 1066, 262, 14069, 17667, 5263, 574, 2663, 505, 4792, 1584, 25716, 1052, 1292, 11, 4441, 11172, 5617, 317, 262, 1066, 2670, 262, 1066, 42333, 262, 6814, 5279, 25052, 13735, 15897, 9255, 18795, 1072, 641, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 2237, 25, 602, 843, 340, 286, 1492, 7104, 27, 7368, 4434, 5998, 18795, 1072, 641, 40171, 262, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 721, 2034, 284, 14619, 21471, 487, 943, 1214, 31708, 629, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 35486, 1002, 13735, 7848, 9255, 1214, 31708, 11, 2237, 317, 310, 1095, 1062, 284, 659, 8452, 3220, 545, 310, 1095, 4441, 284, 2489, 1062, 5470, 5427, 368, 341, 394, 4427, 6922, 8, 591, 2909, 345, 394, 2290, 591, 471, 2290, 198, 310, 3718, 310, 1095, 7039, 284, 2456, 394, 4441, 673, 28738, 7022, 5830, 13514, 1723, 4561, 394, 4441, 673, 28738, 7022, 282, 1227, 13514, 4080, 4561, 394, 4441, 673, 28738, 7022, 282, 1227, 13514, 1074, 2903, 4561, 310, 3559, 310, 2489, 7039, 341, 394, 320, 11839, 19062, 705, 7777, 48180, 705, 7777, 8973, 5617, 595, 591, 4427, 56324, 4434, 5998, 487, 18795, 1072, 641, 29, 341, 504, 734, 25, 2988, 345, 504, 13615, 25, 13615, 345, 504, 1584, 5617, 25, 1584, 5617, 198, 394, 12240, 394, 721, 591, 2290, 198, 310, 457, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 4585, 3220, 2146, 726, 11, 907, 25, 5273, 8, 341, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 11, 341, 310, 2489, 907, 341, 394, 5273, 487, 31671, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 62, 9811, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 1173, 394, 5273, 487, 3360, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 15514, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 1173, 394, 5273, 487, 7035, 1921, 8, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 47742, 1214, 31708, 11, 422, 293, 314, 220, 16, 335, 775, 314, 220, 15, 1657, 394, 1173, 394, 5273, 487, 2903, 1471, 8, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 5617, 1214, 31708, 11, 308, 317, 394, 1173, 394, 5273, 487, 707, 1161, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 82, 13, 15, 1350, 394, 5273, 487, 5263, 968, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 69, 13, 15, 1350, 394, 5273, 487, 1895, 2948, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 64, 13, 15, 1350, 394, 5273, 487, 1211, 10316, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 78, 13, 15, 1350, 394, 5273, 487, 7223, 1921, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 65, 13, 15, 1350, 310, 457, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 443, 393, 3806, 279, 907, 520, 279, 1948, 315, 279, 5729, 323, 33822, 433, 311, 264, 1595, 1150, 19154, 262, 6611, 262, 443, 5295, 1595, 1150, 487, 31671, 63, 422, 1595, 57671, 3138, 1857, 63, 4780, 264, 907, 955, 430, 4250, 387, 30313, 627, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 2477, 3220, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 5273, 341, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 341, 310, 2489, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 1857, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 439, 577, 843, 341, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 77963, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 504, 5273, 487, 31671, 198, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 18611, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 504, 5273, 487, 3360, 198, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 38909, 591, 341, 504, 1095, 1121, 284, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 47742, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 280, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 504, 5273, 487, 7035, 4556, 340, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 19925, 591, 341, 504, 1095, 1121, 284, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 5617, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 504, 5273, 487, 2903, 4556, 340, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 12563, 591, 341, 504, 5273, 487, 707, 2292, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 13748, 765, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 14731, 591, 341, 504, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 7037, 7932, 1807, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 341, 667, 5273, 487, 7223, 77523, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 504, 335, 775, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 7037, 9353, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 341, 667, 5273, 487, 5263, 55016, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 504, 335, 775, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 7037, 3943, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 341, 667, 5273, 487, 1895, 39292, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 504, 335, 775, 341, 667, 5273, 487, 1211, 12809, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 504, 457, 394, 1173, 394, 721, 591, 5273, 487, 31671, 345, 310, 457, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 4585, 7949, 2146, 726, 11, 436, 25, 612, 4032, 8, 341, 286, 2105, 10509, 81, 962, 14912, 31708, 624, 659, 31708, 11, 37073, 1150, 63, 5946, 505, 832, 1595, 35, 14912, 63, 2937, 311, 2500, 803, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 11, 341, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 17, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 34159, 1284, 1003, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 22401, 3644, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 436, 1258, 1003, 3173, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 18692, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 17, 317, 286, 1657, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 2477, 7949, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 8718, 341, 286, 738, 4015, 9729, 6738, 25, 510, 72, 23, 26, 220, 605, 60, 284, 8340, 5431, 23, 496, 0, 493, 82, 518, 364, 83, 518, 364, 64, 518, 364, 82, 518, 364, 71, 518, 364, 74, 518, 364, 68, 518, 364, 88, 3840, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 341, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 17, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 34159, 1284, 1003, 1214, 31708, 629, 310, 443, 20400, 264, 5016, 65137, 1401, 627, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 19854, 3991, 1214, 31708, 11, 4015, 9729, 6738, 5470, 4446, 368, 439, 353, 1040, 721, 317, 310, 1095, 5318, 65137, 3173, 25, 78056, 487, 57671, 7448, 1138, 6495, 530, 284, 78056, 487, 57671, 2401, 5617, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 439, 577, 843, 280, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 1095, 5318, 706, 45174, 5795, 284, 905, 280, 310, 6471, 341, 394, 65137, 3173, 284, 65137, 3173, 82393, 3713, 2962, 7, 16, 317, 394, 422, 65137, 3173, 624, 220, 15, 341, 504, 422, 706, 45174, 5795, 341, 667, 443, 1226, 27600, 279, 4553, 7698, 3634, 369, 459, 4384, 17817, 3634, 13, 42906, 1093, 198, 667, 443, 584, 2351, 704, 315, 1963, 481, 5044, 0, 1115, 1193, 8741, 422, 279, 1217, 41802, 198, 667, 443, 1595, 15, 23445, 63, 15407, 311, 279, 17817, 520, 3131, 11, 902, 374, 4762, 520, 3325, 198, 667, 443, 220, 845, 5494, 315, 5044, 627, 667, 22743, 17667, 412, 315, 2686, 481, 3634, 304, 294, 38767, 2070, 17817, 803, 504, 335, 775, 341, 667, 706, 45174, 5795, 284, 837, 280, 504, 457, 394, 557, 394, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 22527, 22401, 3644, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 65137, 3173, 8, 624, 220, 15, 341, 504, 1464, 280, 394, 457, 310, 457, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 16184, 1214, 31708, 11, 65137, 3173, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 15927, 19854, 3991, 1214, 31708, 11, 4015, 9729, 6738, 5470, 4446, 368, 439, 353, 1040, 721, 629, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 53032, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 17, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 15927, 22401, 3644, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 17, 11, 65137, 3173, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 62, 17, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 8718, 314, 3930, 641, 25, 659, 11, 65137, 3173, 25, 65137, 3173, 457, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 15057, 7949, 2146, 726, 11, 436, 25, 612, 4032, 8, 1492, 8718, 341, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 310, 659, 2615, 7949, 2666, 317, 310, 659, 8452, 7949, 746, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 6068, 7949, 2146, 726, 11, 436, 25, 612, 7129, 8718, 8, 341, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 34159, 1284, 1003, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 18519, 22401, 3644, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 436, 1258, 1003, 3173, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 286, 1657, 262, 457, 633, 6517, 16110, 369, 423, 14912, 341, 262, 5279, 6068, 2146, 7129, 659, 8, 341, 286, 422, 758, 726, 2124, 10643, 341, 310, 471, 280, 286, 557, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 577, 695, 284, 636, 73039, 460, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 1095, 904, 5489, 284, 636, 38348, 5489, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 18557, 34159, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 8425, 487, 1527, 16453, 7, 664, 460, 317, 310, 8425, 487, 1527, 16453, 41368, 5489, 317, 286, 457, 262, 457, 633, 2640, 362, 1160, 315, 832, 7394, 5110, 369, 13210, 11572, 627, 13657, 28197, 88974, 5680, 9780, 2080, 10502, 6214, 341, 262, 1066, 1556, 10309, 22722, 430, 4780, 1595, 1904, 63, 422, 279, 11572, 1288, 387, 26765, 439, 5246, 439, 198, 262, 1066, 3284, 11, 477, 1595, 3934, 63, 422, 279, 11572, 1288, 3136, 13, 1115, 374, 5505, 369, 25976, 459, 198, 262, 1066, 11572, 9829, 13, 1115, 734, 374, 1193, 2663, 2391, 13210, 11572, 11, 323, 690, 539, 387, 198, 262, 1066, 2663, 1418, 11572, 374, 2949, 10068, 34889, 2082, 627, 262, 6814, 9299, 15604, 25, 7104, 80952, 93946, 51282, 368, 1492, 1845, 62440, 3818, 2640, 15774, 4441, 389, 279, 1650, 5729, 439, 6052, 555, 198, 2640, 510, 83154, 13735, 15897, 9255, 9725, 35, 14912, 487, 83154, 13735, 15897, 9255, 4390, 9780, 2080, 7290, 4434, 5998, 18795, 1072, 641, 29, 341, 262, 1066, 5830, 1694, 16070, 13, 7181, 430, 420, 374, 264, 4754, 43854, 287, 4747, 422, 15246, 311, 198, 262, 1066, 653, 84937, 2082, 627, 262, 6814, 734, 25, 5830, 18795, 1072, 641, 12803, 262, 1066, 6826, 5663, 369, 80700, 1950, 1250, 5865, 13, 18811, 422, 31320, 264, 10068, 734, 627, 262, 6814, 13615, 25, 282, 1227, 345, 262, 1066, 7228, 1396, 369, 80700, 1950, 1250, 5865, 13, 1115, 374, 7315, 422, 31320, 264, 10068, 734, 477, 422, 198, 262, 1066, 6812, 4791, 8614, 14807, 828, 374, 539, 2561, 627, 262, 6814, 1584, 5617, 25, 282, 1227, 198, 534, 128001 ]
The English Translation was originally found at Fullmetal Alchemist Wiki. The sky we saw that day That madder red sky. Hey, do you still remember it? As we cuddle close together. A worsening pain is hidden behind the smile you forcefully showed. Hey, you'll remember it someday, right? Were'nt able to fulfill, as we walk away. 嘘 was used as the first ending song to FULL METAL ALCHEMIST: Brotherhood which later appeared on SID's album hikari in July 2009. The song also later appeared on the FULL METAL ALCHEMIST: Brotherhood Soundtrack on October 14, 2009. On the pop'n music Sunny Park location tests, 嘘 was removed. However, it reappeared on the final release. 嘘 received a SPECIAL chart in REFLEC BEAT groovin'!! on August 15th. 2014. It can be purchased at the REFLEC Shop for 1000 Refle, after clearing the chart in the FINAL ROUND of the Anime Test (アニメ検定, Anime Test?) added on the same day. Notecounts 169 188 488 772 134 323 ? ? ? pop'n music portable 5-Buttons NORMAL chart: total notes unknown. pop'n music Sunny Park EASY chart: total notes: 154. Retrieved from "https://popnmusic.fandom.com/wiki/USO?oldid=66855"	319	[ 128000, 791, 6498, 39141, 574, 13517, 1766, 520, 8797, 55108, 1708, 75188, 30328, 627, 791, 13180, 584, 5602, 430, 1938, 3011, 296, 21473, 2579, 13180, 627, 19182, 11, 656, 499, 2103, 6227, 433, 5380, 2170, 584, 65245, 273, 3345, 3871, 627, 32, 93405, 6784, 374, 8340, 4920, 279, 15648, 499, 87078, 8710, 627, 19182, 11, 499, 3358, 6227, 433, 54108, 11, 1314, 5380, 89553, 6, 406, 3025, 311, 21054, 11, 439, 584, 4321, 3201, 627, 103001, 246, 574, 1511, 439, 279, 1176, 13696, 5609, 311, 40841, 37922, 984, 362, 8724, 1837, 44, 3931, 25, 50336, 902, 3010, 9922, 389, 57121, 596, 8176, 114419, 2850, 304, 5887, 220, 1049, 24, 13, 578, 5609, 1101, 3010, 9922, 389, 279, 40841, 37922, 984, 362, 8724, 1837, 44, 3931, 25, 50336, 14936, 13432, 389, 6664, 220, 975, 11, 220, 1049, 24, 627, 1966, 279, 2477, 44886, 4731, 56138, 5657, 3813, 7177, 11, 127437, 246, 574, 7108, 13, 4452, 11, 433, 312, 99567, 389, 279, 1620, 4984, 627, 103001, 246, 4036, 264, 23893, 9676, 304, 39129, 85230, 7354, 835, 10707, 869, 258, 6, 3001, 389, 6287, 220, 868, 339, 13, 220, 679, 19, 13, 1102, 649, 387, 15075, 520, 279, 39129, 85230, 14355, 369, 220, 1041, 15, 8718, 273, 11, 1306, 33850, 279, 9676, 304, 279, 68059, 77238, 315, 279, 52215, 3475, 320, 127949, 111800, 23187, 11, 52215, 3475, 10380, 3779, 389, 279, 1890, 1938, 627, 2688, 762, 632, 82, 220, 11739, 220, 9367, 220, 21310, 220, 23624, 220, 9565, 220, 15726, 949, 949, 18072, 8539, 44886, 4731, 23665, 220, 20, 12, 16303, 53531, 9676, 25, 2860, 8554, 9987, 627, 8539, 44886, 4731, 56138, 5657, 469, 53566, 9676, 25, 2860, 8554, 25, 220, 10559, 627, 12289, 83712, 505, 330, 2485, 1129, 8539, 20211, 11785, 840, 2255, 916, 26583, 14, 2078, 46, 30, 820, 307, 28, 24427, 2131, 1, 128001 ]
Born in England with strong Irish and Caribbean roots moved to Ireland from the Caribbean in 2006. Having always worked in the hospitality / service industry from Food & Beverage, Customer Service and Event Management, using her skills gained in other industries and with her love of Ireland it was a natural progression to be able to show off Ireland to visitors and the perfect opportunity to develop a company that delivers personalised private customised taxi tours throughout Ireland. Born in Cork from a young age Bob has had a passion for the History and stories of his native land. With over 18 years working experience as a Taxi driver driving people in and around the Historic city of Cork his knowledge of the city its history and the local folklore is extensive. His Love of Ireland its history and its beautiful natural landscape with his willingness to share his knowledge and experience ensures his clients a wonderful entertaining and interesting day with him, as a proud Cork man he is passionate about showing off his native city and county to visitors in a relaxed comfortable and informative way hence being one of our most requested drivers. Born in Cork and the brother of Bob, he has had over 15 years’ experience in the Taxi business in Cork. After some gentle persuasion he joined us to do the tours and we found that Jim has an uncanny knack of finding any heritage links to Ireland some of our visitors may have, to even finding a long lost cousin for one of our previous guests. Jim has an extensive knowledge of Cork and its history, and he is often found heading off to Kerry when he has some spare time for a little relaxation and he enjoys doing tours out of the city as well as in.	329	[ 128000, 59204, 304, 9635, 449, 3831, 18088, 323, 35374, 20282, 7882, 311, 14990, 505, 279, 35374, 304, 220, 1049, 21, 13, 20636, 2744, 6575, 304, 279, 47609, 611, 2532, 5064, 505, 12369, 612, 93135, 11, 12557, 5475, 323, 3749, 9744, 11, 1701, 1077, 7512, 18661, 304, 1023, 19647, 323, 449, 1077, 3021, 315, 14990, 433, 574, 264, 5933, 33824, 311, 387, 3025, 311, 1501, 1022, 14990, 311, 15613, 323, 279, 4832, 6776, 311, 2274, 264, 2883, 430, 28421, 85348, 879, 2587, 4147, 33605, 31261, 6957, 14990, 627, 59204, 304, 53036, 505, 264, 3995, 4325, 14596, 706, 1047, 264, 11939, 369, 279, 11346, 323, 7493, 315, 813, 10068, 4363, 13, 3161, 927, 220, 972, 1667, 3318, 3217, 439, 264, 79375, 5696, 10043, 1274, 304, 323, 2212, 279, 51887, 3363, 315, 53036, 813, 6677, 315, 279, 3363, 1202, 3925, 323, 279, 2254, 98969, 374, 16781, 627, 16366, 10919, 315, 14990, 1202, 3925, 323, 1202, 6366, 5933, 18921, 449, 813, 39375, 311, 4430, 813, 6677, 323, 3217, 26420, 813, 8403, 264, 11364, 30311, 323, 7185, 1938, 449, 1461, 11, 439, 264, 12691, 53036, 893, 568, 374, 25429, 922, 9204, 1022, 813, 10068, 3363, 323, 14189, 311, 15613, 304, 264, 31467, 10882, 323, 39319, 1648, 16472, 1694, 832, 315, 1057, 1455, 11472, 12050, 627, 59204, 304, 53036, 323, 279, 10868, 315, 14596, 11, 568, 706, 1047, 927, 220, 868, 1667, 529, 3217, 304, 279, 79375, 2626, 304, 53036, 13, 4740, 1063, 22443, 98224, 568, 11096, 603, 311, 656, 279, 31261, 323, 584, 1766, 430, 11641, 706, 459, 21482, 13184, 94350, 315, 9455, 904, 28948, 7902, 311, 14990, 1063, 315, 1057, 15613, 1253, 617, 11, 311, 1524, 9455, 264, 1317, 5675, 36271, 369, 832, 315, 1057, 3766, 15051, 627, 37734, 706, 459, 16781, 6677, 315, 53036, 323, 1202, 3925, 11, 323, 568, 374, 3629, 1766, 14836, 1022, 311, 40340, 994, 568, 706, 1063, 24804, 892, 369, 264, 2697, 43685, 323, 568, 32838, 3815, 31261, 704, 315, 279, 3363, 439, 1664, 439, 304, 13, 128001 ]
One positive effect of youth sports is that they help teach athletes important and long lasting lessons to have during their life. For example, a competitive environment teaches kids how to handle pressure and criticism (Mango 3). Most sports have situations that put athletes in tight spots. Even though they push them out of their comfort zone, it teaches them how to keep cool and figure it out. Some may say that too much pressure for youths can leave a negative impact on them. Competition only makes children bound to be winners. It also discourages sportsman spirit. Instead of being a source of healthy growth, these competitive sports have started becoming the source of depression for children when they don’t fulfil the expectations of their parents. These sports should enhance the sportsman spirit in children and must be beneficial for their mental and physical health. Concentrating on winning or losing spoils the fun that games hold. Have you ever wanted to live an active and healthy life, as well as an improvement in grades? I believe youth sports will help all of those problems and many more. Most sports are team sports that also teach your child teamwork. Playing youth sports is a terrific experience for you or your child. There are many reasons why I feel that children should play youth sports. They also learn respect and become more mature from playing on a coed sport teams. Yes, some people would say that coed sports may cause injuries or make kids feel uncomfortable, but the kids choose to be on the team. By choosing coed sports, they accept the challenge of working together as a team. Kids can get injuries from playing on same sex teams, and sometimes it's good to go out of your comfort zone. Overall, having coed sports teams is a great idea, one that helps kids develop into accepting It’s true how many adults say that kids are easily impressionable and take lead from parents, guardians, or others around them. What kids are taught from a young age can shape how they view the world, act, respond, and even live. Surprisingly, giving a kid a participation trophy in sports is one of those things that many debates about because giving one to them will depend on how their life is shaped and what lessons they are taught. Not giving a kid a participation trophy in sports is more beneficial in teaching them the lessons of proper effort and winning or losing. It also shows how diminishing hard work which can lead to negative outcomes. Simulated violent, role playing games are a delightful way to have fun. It is true that violent concept of these games may lead some to believe that they teach kids that being potent is okay, when in reality it is not acceptable to be violent. While that has some truth behind it, it also teaches kids valuable lessons of teamwork and sportsmanship. Along with the previous lessons the games are a source tactical skills like planning, compelling them to be aware of their surroundings, and it implies the message to kids that the outside world isn’t always safe or what they expect it to be. These types of games bring the community together and are a diverting activity for adolescents to be participating in. Adults should trust kids with these sports, so if they push themselves, let them do that so they get out of their comfort zone. Kids know when they need to stop and push themselves so they excel. All sports have their dangers so let your kid have fun with it. Extreme sports might not sound safe for your kid though they just might really enjoy Starting early in sports, there are some pro’s and con’s to think about. Some favorability to an early start these days are learning basic technique, strengthening muscles to help prevent injury, and to decide whether the child likes the sport. “Personally, I believe that you should start kids early because everyone needs to know the very basic technique to play any sport, also though it can’t be completely prevented stronger muscles lessen the chance of an injury” said Georgia Bolis. Late starts force your child to catch up with all the learning that they missed. With pro’s come con’s, some con’s too early sports are kids being forced to play, the potential for an injury, and the pressure to perform. A Competitive sport is very good at a young age to keep children on a good road to no drugs so it will reduce the drug use in the world and they will be healthy so go against obesity. Competitive sports are good at a young age because if the children like the sport they can go and pursue it more. However competitive sports can also be bad because some children will experience permanent brain damage. So it can go both ways depending on the parent of the child or children. But schools should allow both competitive and noncompetitive sports in schools for example if they have competition that all students have to participate in. Majority of kids won 't have long-lasting injuries anyways. I would rather have my children playing sports that might get them a little scratched up than seeing my kids turn to drugs and getting themselves in trouble. It teaches them discipline, how to be responsible,and to manage their time.	1,046	[ 128000, 4054, 6928, 2515, 315, 12822, 10034, 374, 430, 814, 1520, 4639, 23579, 3062, 323, 1317, 29869, 18872, 311, 617, 2391, 872, 2324, 13, 1789, 3187, 11, 264, 15022, 4676, 33992, 6980, 1268, 311, 3790, 7410, 323, 19347, 320, 44, 5281, 220, 18, 570, 7648, 10034, 617, 15082, 430, 2231, 23579, 304, 10508, 19300, 13, 7570, 3582, 814, 4585, 1124, 704, 315, 872, 6981, 10353, 11, 433, 33992, 1124, 1268, 311, 2567, 7155, 323, 7216, 433, 704, 13, 4427, 1253, 2019, 430, 2288, 1790, 7410, 369, 65062, 649, 5387, 264, 8389, 5536, 389, 1124, 627, 1110, 56867, 1193, 3727, 2911, 6965, 311, 387, 26526, 13, 1102, 1101, 34293, 1154, 10034, 1543, 9090, 13, 12361, 315, 1694, 264, 2592, 315, 9498, 6650, 11, 1521, 15022, 10034, 617, 3940, 10671, 279, 2592, 315, 18710, 369, 2911, 994, 814, 1541, 1431, 64201, 279, 17078, 315, 872, 6699, 13, 4314, 10034, 1288, 18885, 279, 10034, 1543, 9090, 304, 2911, 323, 2011, 387, 24629, 369, 872, 10723, 323, 7106, 2890, 13, 62261, 22696, 389, 11230, 477, 13490, 20016, 8839, 279, 2523, 430, 3953, 3412, 627, 12389, 499, 3596, 4934, 311, 3974, 459, 4642, 323, 9498, 2324, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 459, 16048, 304, 28711, 30, 358, 4510, 12822, 10034, 690, 1520, 682, 315, 1884, 5435, 323, 1690, 810, 13, 7648, 10034, 527, 2128, 10034, 430, 1101, 4639, 701, 1716, 84633, 13, 40551, 12822, 10034, 374, 264, 43660, 3217, 369, 499, 477, 701, 1716, 13, 2684, 527, 1690, 8125, 3249, 358, 2733, 430, 2911, 1288, 1514, 12822, 10034, 627, 7009, 1101, 4048, 5201, 323, 3719, 810, 15196, 505, 5737, 389, 264, 1080, 291, 10775, 7411, 13, 7566, 11, 1063, 1274, 1053, 2019, 430, 1080, 291, 10034, 1253, 5353, 15319, 477, 1304, 6980, 2733, 29213, 11, 719, 279, 6980, 5268, 311, 387, 389, 279, 2128, 13, 3296, 19301, 1080, 291, 10034, 11, 814, 4287, 279, 8815, 315, 3318, 3871, 439, 264, 2128, 13, 23338, 649, 636, 15319, 505, 5737, 389, 1890, 1877, 7411, 11, 323, 7170, 433, 596, 1695, 311, 733, 704, 315, 701, 6981, 10353, 13, 28993, 11, 3515, 1080, 291, 10034, 7411, 374, 264, 2294, 4623, 11, 832, 430, 8779, 6980, 2274, 1139, 25694, 198, 2181, 753, 837, 1268, 1690, 12884, 2019, 430, 6980, 527, 6847, 21455, 481, 323, 1935, 3063, 505, 6699, 11, 72881, 11, 477, 3885, 2212, 1124, 13, 3639, 6980, 527, 15972, 505, 264, 3995, 4325, 649, 6211, 1268, 814, 1684, 279, 1917, 11, 1180, 11, 6013, 11, 323, 1524, 3974, 13, 8242, 49264, 11, 7231, 264, 10585, 264, 20852, 38782, 304, 10034, 374, 832, 315, 1884, 2574, 430, 1690, 37635, 922, 1606, 7231, 832, 311, 1124, 690, 6904, 389, 1268, 872, 2324, 374, 27367, 323, 1148, 18872, 814, 527, 15972, 13, 2876, 7231, 264, 10585, 264, 20852, 38782, 304, 10034, 374, 810, 24629, 304, 12917, 1124, 279, 18872, 315, 6300, 5149, 323, 11230, 477, 13490, 13, 1102, 1101, 5039, 1268, 84153, 2653, 990, 902, 649, 3063, 311, 8389, 20124, 627, 14354, 7913, 16806, 11, 3560, 5737, 3953, 527, 264, 50189, 1648, 311, 617, 2523, 13, 1102, 374, 837, 430, 16806, 7434, 315, 1521, 3953, 1253, 3063, 1063, 311, 4510, 430, 814, 4639, 6980, 430, 1694, 36875, 374, 17339, 11, 994, 304, 8903, 433, 374, 539, 22281, 311, 387, 16806, 13, 6104, 430, 706, 1063, 8206, 4920, 433, 11, 433, 1101, 33992, 6980, 15525, 18872, 315, 84633, 323, 10034, 58832, 13, 32944, 449, 279, 3766, 18872, 279, 3953, 527, 264, 2592, 39747, 7512, 1093, 9293, 11, 29722, 1124, 311, 387, 8010, 315, 872, 40190, 11, 323, 433, 24897, 279, 1984, 311, 6980, 430, 279, 4994, 1917, 4536, 1431, 2744, 6220, 477, 1148, 814, 1755, 433, 311, 387, 13, 4314, 4595, 315, 3953, 4546, 279, 4029, 3871, 323, 527, 264, 37098, 287, 5820, 369, 51516, 311, 387, 24435, 304, 627, 53130, 82, 1288, 7095, 6980, 449, 1521, 10034, 11, 779, 422, 814, 4585, 5694, 11, 1095, 1124, 656, 430, 779, 814, 636, 704, 315, 872, 6981, 10353, 13, 23338, 1440, 994, 814, 1205, 311, 3009, 323, 4585, 5694, 779, 814, 25555, 13, 2052, 10034, 617, 872, 37064, 779, 1095, 701, 10585, 617, 2523, 449, 433, 13, 50495, 10034, 2643, 539, 5222, 6220, 369, 701, 10585, 3582, 814, 1120, 2643, 2216, 4774, 198, 25639, 4216, 304, 10034, 11, 1070, 527, 1063, 463, 753, 323, 390, 753, 311, 1781, 922, 13, 4427, 4799, 2968, 311, 459, 4216, 1212, 1521, 2919, 527, 6975, 6913, 15105, 11, 48513, 24569, 311, 1520, 5471, 11134, 11, 323, 311, 10491, 3508, 279, 1716, 13452, 279, 10775, 13, 1054, 87681, 11, 358, 4510, 430, 499, 1288, 1212, 6980, 4216, 1606, 5127, 3966, 311, 1440, 279, 1633, 6913, 15105, 311, 1514, 904, 10775, 11, 1101, 3582, 433, 649, 1431, 387, 6724, 32098, 16643, 24569, 76970, 279, 6140, 315, 459, 11134, 863, 1071, 16272, 25007, 285, 13, 36931, 8638, 5457, 701, 1716, 311, 2339, 709, 449, 682, 279, 6975, 430, 814, 13942, 13, 3161, 463, 753, 2586, 390, 753, 11, 1063, 390, 753, 2288, 4216, 10034, 527, 6980, 1694, 9770, 311, 1514, 11, 279, 4754, 369, 459, 11134, 11, 323, 279, 7410, 311, 2804, 627, 32, 79150, 10775, 374, 1633, 1695, 520, 264, 3995, 4325, 311, 2567, 2911, 389, 264, 1695, 5754, 311, 912, 11217, 779, 433, 690, 8108, 279, 5623, 1005, 304, 279, 1917, 323, 814, 690, 387, 9498, 779, 733, 2403, 33048, 13, 79150, 10034, 527, 1695, 520, 264, 3995, 4325, 1606, 422, 279, 2911, 1093, 279, 10775, 814, 649, 733, 323, 23564, 433, 810, 13, 4452, 15022, 10034, 649, 1101, 387, 3958, 1606, 1063, 2911, 690, 3217, 15690, 8271, 5674, 13, 2100, 433, 649, 733, 2225, 5627, 11911, 389, 279, 2748, 315, 279, 1716, 477, 2911, 13, 2030, 8853, 1288, 2187, 2225, 15022, 323, 2536, 93499, 10034, 304, 8853, 369, 3187, 422, 814, 617, 10937, 430, 682, 4236, 617, 311, 16136, 304, 627, 35575, 488, 315, 6980, 2834, 364, 83, 617, 1317, 65265, 15319, 63445, 13, 358, 1053, 4856, 617, 856, 2911, 5737, 10034, 430, 2643, 636, 1124, 264, 2697, 83933, 709, 1109, 9298, 856, 6980, 2543, 311, 11217, 323, 3794, 5694, 304, 12544, 13, 1102, 33992, 1124, 26434, 11, 1268, 311, 387, 8647, 51526, 311, 10299, 872, 892, 13, 128001 ]
Discuss the characteristics of functions and their inverses, including one-to-oneness, domain and range. the difference between a relation and a function, recognize the domain and range of a function, locate the slope and y-intercept of a linear function and recognize the graphs of a linear equations in the slope-intercept	74	[ 128000, 97654, 279, 17910, 315, 5865, 323, 872, 65683, 288, 11, 2737, 198, 606, 4791, 10539, 24639, 11, 8106, 323, 2134, 627, 1820, 6811, 1990, 264, 12976, 323, 264, 734, 11, 15641, 198, 1820, 8106, 323, 2134, 315, 264, 734, 345, 23207, 279, 31332, 323, 379, 45994, 1512, 315, 264, 13790, 734, 323, 198, 34551, 553, 279, 40099, 315, 264, 13790, 39006, 304, 279, 31332, 45994, 1512, 128001 ]
In the world of aviation, the Flight Information Handbook plays a crucial role in ensuring safe and efficient operations. It serves as a comprehensive guide, encompassing a wealth of essential data that pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation professionals need to know. The Flight Information Handbook is a treasure trove of information, providing in-depth knowledge on various aspects of aviation, including rules, regulations, procedures, and more. The Flight Information Handbook is a vital resource that every pilot should familiarize themselves with. It provides indispensable insights into the many facets of flight operations, equipping pilots with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions during their flights. Despite being a technical manual, the Flight Information Handbook is written in a clear, user-friendly manner, making it accessible even to those who are new to aviation. The importance of the Flight Information Handbook extends beyond pilots and aviation professionals. It is also a valuable resource for aviation enthusiasts, researchers, and students. By studying the Handbook, they can gain a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of aviation, thereby enhancing their knowledge and passion for the field. The Flight Information Handbook plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of flight operations. It provides pilots with a wealth of information, including navigation data, procedures for different flight scenarios, and international flight rules, among others. In essence, the Handbook serves as a comprehensive guide, assisting pilots in navigating the complex world of aviation. In terms of importance, the Flight Information Handbook is second to none. Without it, pilots would lack the necessary guidance to safely and effectively conduct their flights. It is a critical resource that helps to mitigate the risks associated with flying, thereby contributing to the overall safety of aviation. The Flight Information Handbook is also important from a regulatory perspective. It incorporates the latest aviation rules and regulations, which pilots must adhere to. By staying updated with the Handbook, pilots can ensure their compliance with these regulations, thereby avoiding potential legal issues. The Flight Information Handbook is a comprehensive resource that covers a wide range of topics. At its core, the Handbook contains detailed information on various aspects of aviation, ranging from flight planning and navigation to safety procedures and international flight rules. One of the key sections in the Flight Information Handbook is the one dedicated to flight planning. This section provides extensive information on how to plan a flight, including details on route selection, fuel planning, and weather considerations. It serves as a guide for pilots, helping them to properly plan their flights and ensure a safe and smooth journey. The Handbook also contains a section on navigation, which is crucial for pilots. This section covers various navigational aids and techniques, providing pilots with the knowledge they need to navigate their aircraft accurately and efficiently. It also includes information on how to use different types of navigational equipment, thereby equipping pilots with the necessary skills to operate these devices. Pilots use the Flight Information Handbook in a variety of ways. Before a flight, pilots refer to the Handbook to plan their route, evaluate weather conditions, and calculate fuel requirements. During the flight, the Handbook serves as a reference guide, providing pilots with valuable information on navigation, safety procedures, and more. For instance, in case of an emergency, pilots can quickly refer to the Handbook to understand the correct procedures to follow. This can help them to effectively manage the situation and ensure the safety of all on board. Additionally, pilots also use the Flight Information Handbook for training purposes. By studying the Handbook, they can gain a deeper understanding of various aviation concepts and procedures, thereby enhancing their skills and proficiency. The Flight Information Handbook contains a wealth of information that is crucial for pilots and other aviation professionals. One of the key pieces of information found in the Handbook is the section on international flight rules. This section provides detailed information on the rules and regulations that govern international flights, which is essential for pilots who fly internationally. Another key piece of information found in the Handbook is the section on safety procedures. This section outlines the procedures that pilots should follow in different emergency scenarios, such as engine failure, loss of cabin pressure, and more. By familiarizing themselves with these procedures, pilots can ensure their readiness to handle any emergency situation that may arise during a flight. The Flight Information Handbook plays an integral role in flight planning. It provides pilots with all the necessary information to plan their flights, including data on weather conditions, navigational aids, fuel requirements, and more. When planning a flight, pilots refer to the Handbook to select the most suitable route. The Handbook provides detailed information on different flight routes, including their altitude, distance, and navigational aids. This allows pilots to choose a route that is both safe and efficient. Additionally, the Handbook also provides information on fuel planning. It helps pilots to calculate their fuel requirements, taking into account factors such as distance, altitude, and weather conditions. This ensures that the aircraft has sufficient fuel for the entire journey, thereby enhancing the safety of the flight. Navigational aids are a crucial part of aviation, and the Flight Information Handbook provides comprehensive information on these aids. It covers a wide range of navigational aids, including VORs, NDBs, GPS, and more. The Handbook provides detailed information on how to use these aids, equipping pilots with the necessary skills to navigate their aircraft accurately and efficiently. For instance, the Handbook provides information on how to use a VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range), a common navigational aid in aviation. It provides instructions on how to tune the VOR, interpret its indications, and use it for navigation. In addition to providing information on how to use navigational aids, the Handbook also provides data on their locations. This helps pilots to plan their route and ensures that they always have a navigational aid within range. Keeping the Flight Information Handbook updated is of paramount importance. The field of aviation is constantly evolving, with changes in rules, regulations, procedures, and technology. To ensure that the information in the Handbook remains accurate and relevant, it must be updated regularly. Regular updates to the Handbook ensure that pilots have access to the most current and accurate information. This enables them to make informed decisions during their flights, thereby enhancing their safety and efficiency. Moreover, regularly updating the Handbook also helps to ensure compliance with aviation regulations. As the regulations change, the Handbook should be updated to reflect these changes. This helps pilots to stay updated with the latest regulations, thereby avoiding potential legal issues. Safety is a top priority in aviation, and the Handbook plays a crucial role in promoting it. The Handbook contains a comprehensive section on safety procedures, which outlines the procedures that pilots should follow in different emergency scenarios. By studying this section, pilots can gain a clear understanding of how to handle various emergency situations, such as engine failure, loss of cabin pressure, and more. This prepares them to effectively manage these situations should they arise during a flight, thereby ensuring the safety of all on board. In addition to providing information on safety procedures, the Handbook also promotes a safety culture among pilots. It emphasizes the importance of safety in aviation and encourages pilots to always prioritize safety in their operations. The Flight Information Handbook is an invaluable resource for pilots and other aviation professionals. It provides a wealth of information on various aspects of aviation, serving as a comprehensive guide for flight operations. Whether you’re a seasoned pilot or a novice, incorporating the Flight Information Handbook into your flight operations can greatly enhance your safety and efficiency. By regularly referring to and updating the Handbook, you can ensure that you have access to the most current and accurate information, thereby enabling you to make informed decisions during your flights. In conclusion, the Flight Information Handbook is a must-have resource for anyone involved in aviation. Its importance cannot be overstated, and it should be an integral part of your flight operations.	1,591	[ 128000, 644, 279, 1917, 315, 46630, 11, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 11335, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 23391, 6220, 323, 11297, 7677, 13, 1102, 17482, 439, 264, 16195, 8641, 11, 38632, 287, 264, 12205, 315, 7718, 828, 430, 36377, 11, 3805, 9629, 27319, 11, 323, 1023, 46630, 15749, 1205, 311, 1440, 13, 578, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 264, 32726, 8348, 588, 315, 2038, 11, 8405, 304, 31410, 6677, 389, 5370, 13878, 315, 46630, 11, 2737, 5718, 11, 14640, 11, 16346, 11, 323, 810, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 264, 16595, 5211, 430, 1475, 18178, 1288, 11537, 553, 5694, 449, 13, 1102, 5825, 64284, 26793, 1139, 279, 1690, 62814, 315, 11213, 7677, 11, 3312, 5772, 36377, 449, 279, 5995, 6677, 311, 1304, 16369, 11429, 2391, 872, 25952, 13, 18185, 1694, 264, 11156, 11630, 11, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 5439, 304, 264, 2867, 11, 1217, 22658, 11827, 11, 3339, 433, 15987, 1524, 311, 1884, 889, 527, 502, 311, 46630, 627, 791, 12939, 315, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 2289, 7953, 36377, 323, 46630, 15749, 13, 1102, 374, 1101, 264, 15525, 5211, 369, 46630, 43448, 11, 12074, 11, 323, 4236, 13, 3296, 21630, 279, 49924, 11, 814, 649, 8895, 264, 16195, 8830, 315, 5370, 13878, 315, 46630, 11, 28592, 47594, 872, 6677, 323, 11939, 369, 279, 2115, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 11335, 264, 60850, 3560, 304, 23391, 279, 7296, 11, 15374, 11, 323, 27375, 315, 11213, 7677, 13, 1102, 5825, 36377, 449, 264, 12205, 315, 2038, 11, 2737, 10873, 828, 11, 16346, 369, 2204, 11213, 26350, 11, 323, 6625, 11213, 5718, 11, 4315, 3885, 13, 763, 28591, 11, 279, 49924, 17482, 439, 264, 16195, 8641, 11, 46927, 36377, 304, 60499, 279, 6485, 1917, 315, 46630, 627, 644, 3878, 315, 12939, 11, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 2132, 311, 7000, 13, 17586, 433, 11, 36377, 1053, 6996, 279, 5995, 19351, 311, 21676, 323, 13750, 6929, 872, 25952, 13, 1102, 374, 264, 9200, 5211, 430, 8779, 311, 50460, 279, 15635, 5938, 449, 16706, 11, 28592, 29820, 311, 279, 8244, 7296, 315, 46630, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 1101, 3062, 505, 264, 23331, 13356, 13, 1102, 52924, 279, 5652, 46630, 5718, 323, 14640, 11, 902, 36377, 2011, 49553, 311, 13, 3296, 19994, 6177, 449, 279, 49924, 11, 36377, 649, 6106, 872, 8907, 449, 1521, 14640, 11, 28592, 31526, 4754, 5897, 4819, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 264, 16195, 5211, 430, 14861, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 13650, 13, 2468, 1202, 6332, 11, 279, 49924, 5727, 11944, 2038, 389, 5370, 13878, 315, 46630, 11, 24950, 505, 11213, 9293, 323, 10873, 311, 7296, 16346, 323, 6625, 11213, 5718, 627, 4054, 315, 279, 1401, 14491, 304, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 279, 832, 12514, 311, 11213, 9293, 13, 1115, 3857, 5825, 16781, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 3197, 264, 11213, 11, 2737, 3649, 389, 6149, 6727, 11, 10633, 9293, 11, 323, 9282, 38864, 13, 1102, 17482, 439, 264, 8641, 369, 36377, 11, 10695, 1124, 311, 10489, 3197, 872, 25952, 323, 6106, 264, 6220, 323, 11113, 11879, 627, 791, 49924, 1101, 5727, 264, 3857, 389, 10873, 11, 902, 374, 16996, 369, 36377, 13, 1115, 3857, 14861, 5370, 34512, 1697, 52797, 323, 12823, 11, 8405, 36377, 449, 279, 6677, 814, 1205, 311, 21546, 872, 14467, 30357, 323, 30820, 13, 1102, 1101, 5764, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 2204, 4595, 315, 34512, 1697, 7241, 11, 28592, 3312, 5772, 36377, 449, 279, 5995, 7512, 311, 14816, 1521, 7766, 627, 47, 321, 2469, 1005, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 304, 264, 8205, 315, 5627, 13, 13538, 264, 11213, 11, 36377, 8464, 311, 279, 49924, 311, 3197, 872, 6149, 11, 15806, 9282, 4787, 11, 323, 11294, 10633, 8670, 13, 12220, 279, 11213, 11, 279, 49924, 17482, 439, 264, 5905, 8641, 11, 8405, 36377, 449, 15525, 2038, 389, 10873, 11, 7296, 16346, 11, 323, 810, 627, 2520, 2937, 11, 304, 1162, 315, 459, 13147, 11, 36377, 649, 6288, 8464, 311, 279, 49924, 311, 3619, 279, 4495, 16346, 311, 1833, 13, 1115, 649, 1520, 1124, 311, 13750, 10299, 279, 6671, 323, 6106, 279, 7296, 315, 682, 389, 4580, 627, 50674, 11, 36377, 1101, 1005, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 369, 4967, 10096, 13, 3296, 21630, 279, 49924, 11, 814, 649, 8895, 264, 19662, 8830, 315, 5370, 46630, 19476, 323, 16346, 11, 28592, 47594, 872, 7512, 323, 63239, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 5727, 264, 12205, 315, 2038, 430, 374, 16996, 369, 36377, 323, 1023, 46630, 15749, 13, 3861, 315, 279, 1401, 9863, 315, 2038, 1766, 304, 279, 49924, 374, 279, 3857, 389, 6625, 11213, 5718, 13, 1115, 3857, 5825, 11944, 2038, 389, 279, 5718, 323, 14640, 430, 2633, 6625, 25952, 11, 902, 374, 7718, 369, 36377, 889, 11722, 37545, 627, 14364, 1401, 6710, 315, 2038, 1766, 304, 279, 49924, 374, 279, 3857, 389, 7296, 16346, 13, 1115, 3857, 50729, 279, 16346, 430, 36377, 1288, 1833, 304, 2204, 13147, 26350, 11, 1778, 439, 4817, 8060, 11, 4814, 315, 13691, 7410, 11, 323, 810, 13, 3296, 11537, 4954, 5694, 449, 1521, 16346, 11, 36377, 649, 6106, 872, 62792, 311, 3790, 904, 13147, 6671, 430, 1253, 31889, 2391, 264, 11213, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 11335, 459, 26154, 3560, 304, 11213, 9293, 13, 1102, 5825, 36377, 449, 682, 279, 5995, 2038, 311, 3197, 872, 25952, 11, 2737, 828, 389, 9282, 4787, 11, 34512, 1697, 52797, 11, 10633, 8670, 11, 323, 810, 627, 4599, 9293, 264, 11213, 11, 36377, 8464, 311, 279, 49924, 311, 3373, 279, 1455, 14791, 6149, 13, 578, 49924, 5825, 11944, 2038, 389, 2204, 11213, 11543, 11, 2737, 872, 36958, 11, 6138, 11, 323, 34512, 1697, 52797, 13, 1115, 6276, 36377, 311, 5268, 264, 6149, 430, 374, 2225, 6220, 323, 11297, 627, 50674, 11, 279, 49924, 1101, 5825, 2038, 389, 10633, 9293, 13, 1102, 8779, 36377, 311, 11294, 872, 10633, 8670, 11, 4737, 1139, 2759, 9547, 1778, 439, 6138, 11, 36958, 11, 323, 9282, 4787, 13, 1115, 26420, 430, 279, 14467, 706, 14343, 10633, 369, 279, 4553, 11879, 11, 28592, 47594, 279, 7296, 315, 279, 11213, 627, 99542, 1697, 52797, 527, 264, 16996, 961, 315, 46630, 11, 323, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 5825, 16195, 2038, 389, 1521, 52797, 13, 1102, 14861, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 34512, 1697, 52797, 11, 2737, 650, 878, 82, 11, 452, 3590, 82, 11, 24229, 11, 323, 810, 13, 578, 49924, 5825, 11944, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 1521, 52797, 11, 3312, 5772, 36377, 449, 279, 5995, 7512, 311, 21546, 872, 14467, 30357, 323, 30820, 627, 2520, 2937, 11, 279, 49924, 5825, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 264, 650, 878, 320, 53, 50816, 19116, 58444, 45770, 16842, 705, 264, 4279, 34512, 1697, 12576, 304, 46630, 13, 1102, 5825, 11470, 389, 1268, 311, 26306, 279, 650, 878, 11, 14532, 1202, 56190, 11, 323, 1005, 433, 369, 10873, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 8405, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 34512, 1697, 52797, 11, 279, 49924, 1101, 5825, 828, 389, 872, 10687, 13, 1115, 8779, 36377, 311, 3197, 872, 6149, 323, 26420, 430, 814, 2744, 617, 264, 34512, 1697, 12576, 2949, 2134, 627, 72447, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 6177, 374, 315, 74510, 12939, 13, 578, 2115, 315, 46630, 374, 15320, 42028, 11, 449, 4442, 304, 5718, 11, 14640, 11, 16346, 11, 323, 5557, 13, 2057, 6106, 430, 279, 2038, 304, 279, 49924, 8625, 13687, 323, 9959, 11, 433, 2011, 387, 6177, 15870, 627, 31504, 9013, 311, 279, 49924, 6106, 430, 36377, 617, 2680, 311, 279, 1455, 1510, 323, 13687, 2038, 13, 1115, 20682, 1124, 311, 1304, 16369, 11429, 2391, 872, 25952, 11, 28592, 47594, 872, 7296, 323, 15374, 627, 58276, 11, 15870, 21686, 279, 49924, 1101, 8779, 311, 6106, 8907, 449, 46630, 14640, 13, 1666, 279, 14640, 2349, 11, 279, 49924, 1288, 387, 6177, 311, 8881, 1521, 4442, 13, 1115, 8779, 36377, 311, 4822, 6177, 449, 279, 5652, 14640, 11, 28592, 31526, 4754, 5897, 4819, 627, 74137, 374, 264, 1948, 10844, 304, 46630, 11, 323, 279, 49924, 11335, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 22923, 433, 13, 578, 49924, 5727, 264, 16195, 3857, 389, 7296, 16346, 11, 902, 50729, 279, 16346, 430, 36377, 1288, 1833, 304, 2204, 13147, 26350, 627, 1383, 21630, 420, 3857, 11, 36377, 649, 8895, 264, 2867, 8830, 315, 1268, 311, 3790, 5370, 13147, 15082, 11, 1778, 439, 4817, 8060, 11, 4814, 315, 13691, 7410, 11, 323, 810, 13, 1115, 48542, 1124, 311, 13750, 10299, 1521, 15082, 1288, 814, 31889, 2391, 264, 11213, 11, 28592, 23391, 279, 7296, 315, 682, 389, 4580, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 8405, 2038, 389, 7296, 16346, 11, 279, 49924, 1101, 39990, 264, 7296, 7829, 4315, 36377, 13, 1102, 66159, 279, 12939, 315, 7296, 304, 46630, 323, 37167, 36377, 311, 2744, 63652, 7296, 304, 872, 7677, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 459, 56193, 5211, 369, 36377, 323, 1023, 46630, 15749, 13, 1102, 5825, 264, 12205, 315, 2038, 389, 5370, 13878, 315, 46630, 11, 13788, 439, 264, 16195, 8641, 369, 11213, 7677, 627, 25729, 499, 3207, 264, 52614, 18178, 477, 264, 72645, 11, 52913, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 1139, 701, 11213, 7677, 649, 19407, 18885, 701, 7296, 323, 15374, 13, 3296, 15870, 22797, 311, 323, 21686, 279, 49924, 11, 499, 649, 6106, 430, 499, 617, 2680, 311, 279, 1455, 1510, 323, 13687, 2038, 11, 28592, 28462, 499, 311, 1304, 16369, 11429, 2391, 701, 25952, 627, 644, 17102, 11, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 264, 2011, 69584, 5211, 369, 5606, 6532, 304, 46630, 13, 11699, 12939, 4250, 387, 83509, 660, 11, 323, 433, 1288, 387, 459, 26154, 961, 315, 701, 11213, 7677, 13, 128001 ]
After limiting out on Trout, decided to have another go with the Micro Fly Rod. Changed the fly line by using less backing line and more fly line. No knot to hang up on the rod guides, so I was able to get more distance on the cast. Caught two little Bluegill and one Bass on a Soft Hackle at Frisco Commons Pond. Then, took a break to get hydrated again. Sun came out in force today; even think the temps hit above 70 degrees. Much different than last years freezing conditions at this time. Later in the afternoon, fished the Feeder Creek at Bethany Lakes, Soft hackle had a few strikes but no hook ups. Switched to a Red Midge in Size 22 and hooked several soon after. Then, noticed fish feeding on something on the surface. So, switched to a Size 22 BWO and ended up catching several more. So far, have been pleasantly surprised with the casting capability of the little rod. The cast is different compared to standard size fly rods; the back cast straightens quickly, so the forward cast is started much sooner than I am used to. No worries… got the hang of it and was able to get a few “long” casts in to where the fish were lurking. Fun stuff!	269	[ 128000, 6153, 33994, 704, 389, 88638, 11, 6773, 311, 617, 2500, 733, 449, 279, 18654, 20793, 13611, 13, 47394, 279, 11722, 1584, 555, 1701, 2753, 25695, 1584, 323, 810, 11722, 1584, 13, 2360, 51900, 311, 15020, 709, 389, 279, 21236, 28292, 11, 779, 358, 574, 3025, 311, 636, 810, 6138, 389, 279, 6445, 627, 91854, 1403, 2697, 8868, 70, 484, 323, 832, 37053, 389, 264, 25046, 36082, 273, 520, 2939, 9652, 26667, 71965, 13, 5112, 11, 3952, 264, 1464, 311, 636, 95831, 1578, 13, 8219, 3782, 704, 304, 5457, 3432, 26, 1524, 1781, 279, 27138, 4295, 3485, 220, 2031, 12628, 13, 24191, 2204, 1109, 1566, 1667, 43318, 4787, 520, 420, 892, 627, 31082, 304, 279, 13658, 11, 282, 3384, 279, 3926, 7442, 24076, 520, 29103, 3852, 42679, 11, 25046, 17524, 273, 1047, 264, 2478, 23170, 719, 912, 9903, 33834, 13, 15958, 291, 311, 264, 3816, 386, 6614, 304, 8645, 220, 1313, 323, 43770, 3892, 5246, 1306, 13, 5112, 11, 14000, 7795, 26040, 389, 2555, 389, 279, 7479, 13, 2100, 11, 30975, 311, 264, 8645, 220, 1313, 426, 23513, 323, 9670, 709, 34168, 3892, 810, 627, 4516, 3117, 11, 617, 1027, 82374, 14792, 449, 279, 25146, 23099, 315, 279, 2697, 21236, 13, 578, 6445, 374, 2204, 7863, 311, 5410, 1404, 11722, 58000, 26, 279, 1203, 6445, 7833, 729, 6288, 11, 779, 279, 4741, 6445, 374, 3940, 1790, 31373, 1109, 358, 1097, 1511, 311, 627, 2822, 38145, 1981, 2751, 279, 15020, 315, 433, 323, 574, 3025, 311, 636, 264, 2478, 1054, 4930, 863, 57133, 304, 311, 1405, 279, 7795, 1051, 83075, 13, 16457, 6392, 4999, 128001 ]
Giardiasis - Beaver Fever Giardiasis — popularly known as beaver fever — is a disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia (also sometimes called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis). It looks cute but this little protozoan will give you terrible diarrhea. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicting a Giardia lamblia protozoan undergoing binary fission, creating what appears to be a microscopic “heart. Can you answer this week's #MicrobiologyMonday #Challenge: Which of the following parasitic protozoa infect humans through contaminated drinking water and subsequently causes #enteritis? a. Giardia lamblia b. Babesia microti c. Taxoplasma gondii d. Entamoeba histolytica e. None of the above	182	[ 128000, 47941, 569, 3557, 285, 482, 92534, 85001, 15754, 569, 3557, 285, 2001, 5526, 398, 3967, 439, 387, 7403, 34653, 2001, 374, 264, 8624, 9057, 555, 279, 5292, 616, 349, 18940, 13028, 276, 15754, 569, 689, 32703, 2067, 689, 320, 19171, 7170, 2663, 15754, 569, 689, 63900, 285, 323, 15754, 569, 689, 3930, 55836, 35965, 4390, 2181, 5992, 19369, 719, 420, 2697, 18940, 13028, 276, 690, 3041, 499, 17936, 69393, 13, 2522, 6073, 17130, 8162, 4539, 320, 84839, 8, 60794, 264, 15754, 569, 689, 32703, 2067, 689, 18940, 13028, 276, 47397, 8026, 282, 7711, 11, 6968, 1148, 8111, 311, 387, 264, 90090, 1054, 18207, 627, 6854, 499, 4320, 420, 2046, 596, 674, 35709, 81162, 36339, 674, 63178, 25, 16299, 315, 279, 2768, 33403, 49086, 18940, 13028, 64, 34527, 12966, 1555, 52673, 16558, 3090, 323, 28520, 11384, 674, 1992, 20000, 30, 264, 13, 15754, 569, 689, 32703, 2067, 689, 293, 13, 26441, 288, 689, 8162, 10462, 272, 13, 15545, 454, 14833, 1764, 342, 2159, 3893, 294, 13, 4968, 21781, 71853, 13034, 5849, 83055, 384, 13, 2290, 315, 279, 3485, 128001 ]
Badge Evidence \| Completed Courses (4 Hours Each) ED101Effective Teaching Strategies This introductory course covers the essential roles of a teacher and the competencies required to be a successful instructor in an educational institution. Proven techniques and strategies for planning and preparation are presented and discussed. In addition, the course offers effective methods for conducting the first class meeting and delivering course content. This course provides a solid foundation for new instructors and serves as an excellent refresher for more experienced instructors. ED102Student Retention Methods The instructor is the real key to student retention at any educational institution. Instructors must keep focused on student motivation and retention each and every day of class. Developing strategies for retaining students throughout the entire training sequence is both complex and rewarding. All instructors should have the goal of seeing all of their students successfully complete their class. This course helps you reach that goal by helping you to understand your students and use proven motivation and retention techniques to keep them enrolled and engaged in the learning process. ED103Student Learning and Assessment Educators work with students who want to learn specific skills that will lead to fulfilling careers. As educational instructors it is our job to help each student to achieve this goal. Just as you may have a particular style of teaching that you prefer, your students have preferred ways of learning. This course will help you to identify the different learning styles of your students so that you can adjust your instruction to better accommodate them. Good teachers also regularly monitor the effectiveness of their instruction by assessing their students’ learning. This course will examine several aspects of assessment including how to create good tests, how to ask effective questions and how to get your students to actively participate in their learning by asking questions themselves. ED105Instructional Planning for Student Success This course shows instructors how to develop a comprehensive approach to effective and efficient instruction. From preparation for the classroom to selection of instructional delivery methods, the course provides effective ways of planning instruction to help instructors keep the content focused and the students engaged. We also cover the steps to set up a complete evaluation system that will work in all settings. ED106Enhancing Student Learning This course provides methodologies and examples to help instructors increase content retention and application by students in need of support. The course starts by covering the skills needed by instructors to be clear communicators. We then discuss ways instructors can become effective in monitoring students and using student groups as learning tools. The course concludes by covering techniques and strategies to instruct diverse learners, including learners with disabilities. ED114Questioning in the Classroom Questioning can be one of the most effective classroom teaching strategies. However, many instructors are not familiar with the techniques and research findings associated with good questioning. This course begins by comparing and contrasting the major types of questions and their most appropriate uses. Some relevant statistics and research findings are presented, followed by a discussion of four effective questioning practices. The course concludes by offering a few tips and suggestions for instructors to consider. ED115Soft Skills for Instructors The purpose of this course is to familiarize instructors with the concepts of soft skills and emotional intelligence (EQ) so they can use this information to improve their professional performance. The course provides a comparison of hard and soft skills, including people skills and workplace behaviors. Ten "most important" soft skills are discussed in detail and the relationship between EQ and soft skills is explained. The course concludes with tips and suggestions to help instructors enhance their soft skills and EQ. ED119Using Technology to Engage and Educate This course is an overview of a variety of ways in which educators can infuse technology and web resources into every day curriculum, to engage learners and promote collaborative learning. A variety of resources and suggestions are contained within this course, allowing everyone from the novice to the technology expert to take away what is appropriate for them, their students, and the course, in order to integrate 21st century teaching resources and practices in a practical and beneficial manner. ED121Creating Service Learning Opportunities for Students Service learning programs help students take their knowledge and skills out of classrooms and labs into community settings enabling them to use critical thinking and problem solving abilities. This course provides information about the advantages of using service learning as a teaching tool while enhancing the growth of students. Implementation steps are covered so participants will be able to make service learning a part of program offerings as well as providing career opportunities for students. ED124Flipping Your Classroom This course will provide you with a basic overview of the background of an innovative instructional strategy called the Flipped Classroom. This instructional strategy is gaining popularity and differs from traditional instructional strategies. This course will discuss the background, driving factors, benefits, barriers, theoretical grounding, how to prepare to flip your classroom, and the components of the Flipped Classroom. The impact on student learning will also be discussed in addition to instructor preparation and the future of the Flipped Classroom. ED132Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities Students with learning disabilities are enrolling in career education at increasing rates as a result of successful interventions and supports provided during their elementary and secondary schooling. This course describes the characteristics of students with learning disabilities and how having a learning disability impacts their learning process. As reading and comprehension is the essence of learning, it is important that instructors be knowledgeable in ways to support students with these learning challenges. Specific strategies for working with these students will be offered, to enhance the engagement and learning success of students with learning disabilities. ED140Five Myth-Understandings about Learning and the Brain Did you ever hear that we only use about 10% of our brains? Were you ever told that you are more right-brained or left-brained? Did you know that males and females learn differently as a result of differences in their brains? Did you know that people have different learning styles? Did you ever hear that you retain more of what you do or see than of what you read or hear? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, you have experienced a "myth-understanding." The purpose of this course is to explain the background and truth about these myth-understandings that pervade much of the popular literature to this day. All persons who are involved in the education of others must guard against these myths and ensure that they do not influence their professional practices. Note: Many learning theories have been developed that represent the efforts of researchers with different perspectives on how individuals develop and learn. As within any field, facts and myths may be driven by controversial opinions and philosophies that need to be considered by individuals engaged in professional development. ED144Student Empowerment for Learning Success This course explores the different components of student empowerment and the value that it has in learning success. Student empowerment is a necessary component for students as they transition to and through postsecondary training. Content will be presented that will raise awareness of what student empowerment is and how it can enhance the learning process for students. Strategies are given for enhancing the development of student empowerment that can be implemented both online and onsite. ED400Coping with Stress and Burnout Stress is something that is present throughout all workplaces in the world. It is often something that cannot be avoided, but instead, must be properly managed. Burnout on the other hand, is something that is less frequent, but far too prevalent. Burnout can cause even the best worker to slow down in productivity and quality (often dramatically). Throughout this course, we will discuss stress, burnout, and many of the causes that you may notice on even a daily basis. We will discuss how to appropriately handle and mitigate stressors, and how to lessen the risk of burnout occurring. EL101Designing and Developing Online Courses This introductory course will provide you with the knowledge and skills to create successful online courses, whether for faculty-supported distance education delivery or as a supplement to classroom instruction. You will learn to design and develop online courses that have structural integrity and navigational simplicity with a focus on student-centered learning and intellectual interaction. The course covers various learning activities that are supported in an e-learning environment and describes the typical components of an online course. We will provide you with the media strategies and course design methodologies that will allow you to develop online courses in an effective and efficient manner. EL102Online Teaching Techniques Your degree of success as an online instructor relies heavily on several factors, among which are your level of preparedness before the date on which the course is launched; your ability to make a smooth transition into the roles and responsibilities associated with teaching in an online environment; and the effectiveness and efficiency with which you manage learners, instructional transactions embedded in the course as well as the learning environment. In this course, you will learn how to project your authority and presence into the e-learning environment, build a relationship with each learner, promote and nurture learner participation, provide informative and constructive feedback in a timely manner, minimize attrition, manage communications, manage unacceptable behavior and resolve disagreements. EL110Effective Use of Social Media in Online Courses This course will provide you with strategies and techniques to help use social networking in the online environment. It provides an overview of social networking, media hosting and sharing, microblogging and blogging. An introduction to each will be provided, and content development, policy, facilitation and assessment will all be discussed. Suggested activities will also be provided. EL112Workload Management Strategies for Teaching Online This course will provide you with strategies and techniques to help you reduce your workload in the online environment. The course begins with an overview of good principles for education and questions to consider prior to developing Workload Management Strategies (WLMS). This course also provides WLMS for teaching online, communicating and collaborating, and revising your online course. LS101Do You Manage Or Lead? This course explores the critical differences between management and leadership. Participants will be introduced to definitions and myths about each area as well as how management and leadership must coexist for an organization to operate effectively. Participants will explore their own management/leadership tendencies. LS102How Do You Lead? Not everyone is suited for, or desires, a leadership position. One of the first steps to being an effective leader is to understand the desire to lead in the first place. Participants will explore their motivation to lead and develop a deeper understanding of their leader style(s). LS103Your Leadership Impact Beyond understanding the role of the leader, the ultimate effectiveness and impact of a leader takes into consideration the followers and the situation, too. This course defines leadership impact and explores the Interactional Framework for Leadership. Focus is essential to effective teamwork. In this course, you learn how to diagnose and overcome common problems - such as poor communication and interpersonal conflict - that can impede team progress. You will also learn to take corrective measures to remove team problems and improve team performance. This course provides the nuts and bolts of project management, including project planning, budgeting, team-building, execution, and risk analysis. The course covers useful tools and techniques such as GANTT and PERT charts, Work Breakdown Structure, and variance analysis. RT101Improving Retention through Timely Intervention How many times have we said “if we’d only known” as a student walks out the door? No one starts classes planning to fail, but unfortunately problems do arise that present barriers to success. Students are good at identifying these problems blocking their path to success, but they frequently don’t have adequate problem solving and communication skills needed to overcome these problems. This course looks at the effect of stress on attrition, the use of tools to identify and help students at risk, and how to develop an institutional culture that shares responsibility for student success across the entire organization. RT104Best Practices to Enhance Student Retention This course is a collection of ideas and best practices drawn from the implementation of enrollment growth strategies at over 300 educational institutions nationwide. The course is based on a highly successful in-service training program offered by Dr. Joe Pace, Managing Partner of The Pacific Institute and includes video delivery of Pace's presentations. Filled with practical tips and suggestions, the course also discusses the application of current research results on human behavior and organizational culture to enhance student enrollment and retention. This is a unique course that will dramatically change your perspective on institutional effectiveness.	2,520	[ 128000, 57154, 44796, 765, 46594, 48778, 320, 19, 30192, 9062, 340, 1507, 4645, 68639, 45377, 56619, 198, 2028, 62469, 3388, 14861, 279, 7718, 13073, 315, 264, 11326, 323, 279, 4634, 6072, 2631, 311, 387, 264, 6992, 33315, 304, 459, 16627, 15244, 13, 1322, 1055, 12823, 323, 15174, 369, 9293, 323, 18459, 527, 10666, 323, 14407, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 279, 3388, 6209, 7524, 5528, 369, 31474, 279, 1176, 538, 6574, 323, 24944, 3388, 2262, 13, 1115, 3388, 5825, 264, 6573, 16665, 369, 502, 54918, 323, 17482, 439, 459, 9250, 2098, 86524, 369, 810, 10534, 54918, 627, 1507, 4278, 14428, 10608, 3012, 19331, 198, 791, 33315, 374, 279, 1972, 1401, 311, 5575, 38231, 520, 904, 16627, 15244, 13, 763, 92466, 2011, 2567, 10968, 389, 5575, 25835, 323, 38231, 1855, 323, 1475, 1938, 315, 538, 13, 81745, 15174, 369, 51110, 4236, 6957, 279, 4553, 4967, 8668, 374, 2225, 6485, 323, 42093, 13, 2052, 54918, 1288, 617, 279, 5915, 315, 9298, 682, 315, 872, 4236, 7946, 4686, 872, 538, 13, 1115, 3388, 8779, 499, 5662, 430, 5915, 555, 10695, 499, 311, 3619, 701, 4236, 323, 1005, 17033, 25835, 323, 38231, 12823, 311, 2567, 1124, 37191, 323, 17045, 304, 279, 6975, 1920, 627, 1507, 6889, 14428, 21579, 323, 37357, 198, 98982, 3046, 990, 449, 4236, 889, 1390, 311, 4048, 3230, 7512, 430, 690, 3063, 311, 50698, 31133, 13, 1666, 16627, 54918, 433, 374, 1057, 2683, 311, 1520, 1855, 5575, 311, 11322, 420, 5915, 13, 4702, 439, 499, 1253, 617, 264, 4040, 1742, 315, 12917, 430, 499, 10932, 11, 701, 4236, 617, 15236, 5627, 315, 6975, 13, 1115, 3388, 690, 1520, 499, 311, 10765, 279, 2204, 6975, 9404, 315, 701, 4236, 779, 430, 499, 649, 7652, 701, 7754, 311, 2731, 29376, 1124, 13, 7839, 13639, 1101, 15870, 8891, 279, 27375, 315, 872, 7754, 555, 47614, 872, 4236, 529, 6975, 13, 1115, 3388, 690, 21635, 3892, 13878, 315, 15813, 2737, 1268, 311, 1893, 1695, 7177, 11, 1268, 311, 2610, 7524, 4860, 323, 1268, 311, 636, 701, 4236, 311, 22815, 16136, 304, 872, 6975, 555, 10371, 4860, 5694, 627, 1507, 6550, 17077, 278, 28780, 369, 11988, 13346, 198, 2028, 3388, 5039, 54918, 1268, 311, 2274, 264, 16195, 5603, 311, 7524, 323, 11297, 7754, 13, 5659, 18459, 369, 279, 24978, 311, 6727, 315, 72345, 9889, 5528, 11, 279, 3388, 5825, 7524, 5627, 315, 9293, 7754, 311, 1520, 54918, 2567, 279, 2262, 10968, 323, 279, 4236, 17045, 13, 1226, 1101, 3504, 279, 7504, 311, 743, 709, 264, 4686, 16865, 1887, 430, 690, 990, 304, 682, 5110, 627, 1507, 7461, 58568, 9151, 11988, 21579, 198, 2028, 3388, 5825, 81898, 323, 10507, 311, 1520, 54918, 5376, 2262, 38231, 323, 3851, 555, 4236, 304, 1205, 315, 1862, 13, 578, 3388, 8638, 555, 18702, 279, 7512, 4460, 555, 54918, 311, 387, 2867, 6057, 3046, 13, 1226, 1243, 4358, 5627, 54918, 649, 3719, 7524, 304, 16967, 4236, 323, 1701, 5575, 5315, 439, 6975, 7526, 13, 578, 3388, 45537, 555, 18702, 12823, 323, 15174, 311, 21745, 17226, 53243, 11, 2737, 53243, 449, 36801, 627, 1507, 8011, 14924, 287, 304, 279, 77129, 198, 14924, 287, 649, 387, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 7524, 24978, 12917, 15174, 13, 4452, 11, 1690, 54918, 527, 539, 11537, 449, 279, 12823, 323, 3495, 14955, 5938, 449, 1695, 34685, 13, 1115, 3388, 12302, 555, 27393, 323, 75055, 279, 3682, 4595, 315, 4860, 323, 872, 1455, 8475, 5829, 13, 4427, 9959, 13443, 323, 3495, 14955, 527, 10666, 11, 8272, 555, 264, 10430, 315, 3116, 7524, 34685, 12659, 13, 578, 3388, 45537, 555, 10209, 264, 2478, 10631, 323, 18726, 369, 54918, 311, 2980, 627, 1507, 7322, 31631, 31340, 369, 763, 92466, 198, 791, 7580, 315, 420, 3388, 374, 311, 11537, 553, 54918, 449, 279, 19476, 315, 8579, 7512, 323, 14604, 11478, 320, 55107, 8, 779, 814, 649, 1005, 420, 2038, 311, 7417, 872, 6721, 5178, 13, 578, 3388, 5825, 264, 12593, 315, 2653, 323, 8579, 7512, 11, 2737, 1274, 7512, 323, 27465, 28198, 13, 18165, 330, 3646, 3062, 1, 8579, 7512, 527, 14407, 304, 7872, 323, 279, 5133, 1990, 40094, 323, 8579, 7512, 374, 11497, 13, 578, 3388, 45537, 449, 10631, 323, 18726, 311, 1520, 54918, 18885, 872, 8579, 7512, 323, 40094, 627, 1507, 9079, 16834, 12053, 311, 3365, 425, 323, 10355, 349, 198, 2028, 3388, 374, 459, 24131, 315, 264, 8205, 315, 5627, 304, 902, 50794, 649, 4225, 817, 5557, 323, 3566, 5070, 1139, 1475, 1938, 30676, 11, 311, 16988, 53243, 323, 12192, 40806, 6975, 13, 362, 8205, 315, 5070, 323, 18726, 527, 13282, 2949, 420, 3388, 11, 10923, 5127, 505, 279, 72645, 311, 279, 5557, 6335, 311, 1935, 3201, 1148, 374, 8475, 369, 1124, 11, 872, 4236, 11, 323, 279, 3388, 11, 304, 2015, 311, 32172, 220, 1691, 267, 9478, 12917, 5070, 323, 12659, 304, 264, 15325, 323, 24629, 11827, 627, 1507, 7994, 26021, 5475, 21579, 66885, 369, 20783, 198, 1898, 6975, 7620, 1520, 4236, 1935, 872, 6677, 323, 7512, 704, 315, 58216, 323, 51048, 1139, 4029, 5110, 28462, 1124, 311, 1005, 9200, 7422, 323, 3575, 22581, 18000, 13, 1115, 3388, 5825, 2038, 922, 279, 22934, 315, 1701, 2532, 6975, 439, 264, 12917, 5507, 1418, 47594, 279, 6650, 315, 4236, 13, 31913, 7504, 527, 9960, 779, 13324, 690, 387, 3025, 311, 1304, 2532, 6975, 264, 961, 315, 2068, 33935, 439, 1664, 439, 8405, 7076, 10708, 369, 4236, 627, 1507, 8874, 3968, 5772, 4718, 77129, 198, 2028, 3388, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 264, 6913, 24131, 315, 279, 4092, 315, 459, 18699, 72345, 8446, 2663, 279, 3061, 6586, 77129, 13, 1115, 72345, 8446, 374, 30240, 23354, 323, 44642, 505, 8776, 72345, 15174, 13, 1115, 3388, 690, 4358, 279, 4092, 11, 10043, 9547, 11, 7720, 11, 30740, 11, 32887, 95841, 11, 1268, 311, 10772, 311, 18791, 701, 24978, 11, 323, 279, 6956, 315, 279, 3061, 6586, 77129, 13, 578, 5536, 389, 5575, 6975, 690, 1101, 387, 14407, 304, 5369, 311, 33315, 18459, 323, 279, 3938, 315, 279, 3061, 6586, 77129, 627, 1507, 9413, 6777, 12092, 20783, 449, 21579, 98549, 198, 32052, 449, 6975, 36801, 527, 665, 16608, 304, 7076, 6873, 520, 7859, 7969, 439, 264, 1121, 315, 6992, 39455, 323, 11815, 3984, 2391, 872, 36256, 323, 14580, 68721, 13, 1115, 3388, 16964, 279, 17910, 315, 4236, 449, 6975, 36801, 323, 1268, 3515, 264, 6975, 28353, 25949, 872, 6975, 1920, 13, 1666, 5403, 323, 62194, 374, 279, 28591, 315, 6975, 11, 433, 374, 3062, 430, 54918, 387, 42066, 304, 5627, 311, 1862, 4236, 449, 1521, 6975, 11774, 13, 29362, 15174, 369, 3318, 449, 1521, 4236, 690, 387, 9076, 11, 311, 18885, 279, 20392, 323, 6975, 2450, 315, 4236, 449, 6975, 36801, 627, 1507, 6860, 38120, 47595, 12, 16648, 2752, 826, 922, 21579, 323, 279, 31417, 198, 7131, 499, 3596, 6865, 430, 584, 1193, 1005, 922, 220, 605, 4, 315, 1057, 35202, 30, 40070, 499, 3596, 3309, 430, 499, 527, 810, 1314, 31217, 2692, 477, 2163, 31217, 2692, 30, 14910, 499, 1440, 430, 25000, 323, 28585, 4048, 22009, 439, 264, 1121, 315, 12062, 304, 872, 35202, 30, 14910, 499, 1440, 430, 1274, 617, 2204, 6975, 9404, 30, 14910, 499, 3596, 6865, 430, 499, 14389, 810, 315, 1148, 499, 656, 477, 1518, 1109, 315, 1148, 499, 1373, 477, 6865, 30, 1442, 499, 19089, 330, 9891, 1, 311, 904, 315, 1521, 4860, 11, 499, 617, 10534, 264, 330, 2465, 339, 72207, 10276, 1210, 578, 7580, 315, 420, 3388, 374, 311, 10552, 279, 4092, 323, 8206, 922, 1521, 21849, 72207, 2752, 826, 430, 47274, 1037, 1790, 315, 279, 5526, 17649, 311, 420, 1938, 13, 2052, 11434, 889, 527, 6532, 304, 279, 6873, 315, 3885, 2011, 7771, 2403, 1521, 51286, 323, 6106, 430, 814, 656, 539, 10383, 872, 6721, 12659, 13, 7181, 25, 9176, 6975, 26018, 617, 1027, 8040, 430, 4097, 279, 9045, 315, 12074, 449, 2204, 39555, 389, 1268, 7931, 2274, 323, 4048, 13, 1666, 2949, 904, 2115, 11, 13363, 323, 51286, 1253, 387, 16625, 555, 20733, 18463, 323, 13868, 552, 430, 1205, 311, 387, 6646, 555, 7931, 17045, 304, 6721, 4500, 627, 1507, 8929, 14428, 13714, 1223, 479, 369, 21579, 13346, 198, 2028, 3388, 41424, 279, 2204, 6956, 315, 5575, 74477, 323, 279, 907, 430, 433, 706, 304, 6975, 2450, 13, 11988, 74477, 374, 264, 5995, 3777, 369, 4236, 439, 814, 9320, 311, 323, 1555, 1772, 19217, 4967, 13, 9059, 690, 387, 10666, 430, 690, 4933, 17985, 315, 1148, 5575, 74477, 374, 323, 1268, 433, 649, 18885, 279, 6975, 1920, 369, 4236, 13, 56619, 527, 2728, 369, 47594, 279, 4500, 315, 5575, 74477, 430, 649, 387, 11798, 2225, 2930, 323, 84969, 627, 1507, 3443, 34, 34807, 449, 51568, 323, 18530, 412, 198, 626, 676, 374, 2555, 430, 374, 3118, 6957, 682, 93162, 304, 279, 1917, 13, 1102, 374, 3629, 2555, 430, 4250, 387, 31890, 11, 719, 4619, 11, 2011, 387, 10489, 9152, 13, 18530, 412, 389, 279, 1023, 1450, 11, 374, 2555, 430, 374, 2753, 21420, 11, 719, 3117, 2288, 46941, 13, 18530, 412, 649, 5353, 1524, 279, 1888, 12128, 311, 6435, 1523, 304, 26206, 323, 4367, 320, 61917, 29057, 570, 46982, 420, 3388, 11, 584, 690, 4358, 8631, 11, 8395, 412, 11, 323, 1690, 315, 279, 11384, 430, 499, 1253, 5406, 389, 1524, 264, 7446, 8197, 13, 1226, 690, 4358, 1268, 311, 36001, 3790, 323, 50460, 8631, 1105, 11, 323, 1268, 311, 76970, 279, 5326, 315, 8395, 412, 31965, 627, 2818, 4645, 21103, 287, 323, 81745, 8267, 48778, 198, 2028, 62469, 3388, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 279, 6677, 323, 7512, 311, 1893, 6992, 2930, 14307, 11, 3508, 369, 22291, 88213, 6138, 6873, 9889, 477, 439, 264, 22822, 311, 24978, 7754, 13, 1472, 690, 4048, 311, 2955, 323, 2274, 2930, 14307, 430, 617, 24693, 17025, 323, 34512, 1697, 40075, 449, 264, 5357, 389, 5575, 50482, 6975, 323, 20207, 16628, 13, 578, 3388, 14861, 5370, 6975, 7640, 430, 527, 7396, 304, 459, 384, 71856, 4676, 323, 16964, 279, 14595, 6956, 315, 459, 2930, 3388, 13, 1226, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 279, 3772, 15174, 323, 3388, 2955, 81898, 430, 690, 2187, 499, 311, 2274, 2930, 14307, 304, 459, 7524, 323, 11297, 11827, 627, 2818, 4278, 20171, 45377, 66044, 198, 7927, 8547, 315, 2450, 439, 459, 2930, 33315, 34744, 17345, 389, 3892, 9547, 11, 4315, 902, 527, 701, 2237, 315, 10235, 2136, 1603, 279, 2457, 389, 902, 279, 3388, 374, 11887, 26, 701, 5845, 311, 1304, 264, 11113, 9320, 1139, 279, 13073, 323, 28423, 5938, 449, 12917, 304, 459, 2930, 4676, 26, 323, 279, 27375, 323, 15374, 449, 902, 499, 10299, 53243, 11, 72345, 14463, 23711, 304, 279, 3388, 439, 1664, 439, 279, 6975, 4676, 13, 763, 420, 3388, 11, 499, 690, 4048, 1268, 311, 2447, 701, 11447, 323, 9546, 1139, 279, 384, 71856, 4676, 11, 1977, 264, 5133, 449, 1855, 64060, 11, 12192, 323, 79530, 64060, 20852, 11, 3493, 39319, 323, 54584, 11302, 304, 264, 32100, 11827, 11, 30437, 6510, 684, 11, 10299, 17320, 11, 10299, 44085, 7865, 323, 9006, 91972, 627, 2818, 5120, 68639, 5560, 315, 9983, 7972, 304, 8267, 48778, 198, 2028, 3388, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 15174, 323, 12823, 311, 1520, 1005, 3674, 29130, 304, 279, 2930, 4676, 13, 1102, 5825, 459, 24131, 315, 3674, 29130, 11, 3772, 20256, 323, 11821, 11, 8162, 11921, 3252, 323, 43092, 13, 1556, 17219, 311, 1855, 690, 387, 3984, 11, 323, 2262, 4500, 11, 4947, 11, 17028, 367, 323, 15813, 690, 682, 387, 14407, 13, 328, 54376, 7640, 690, 1101, 387, 3984, 627, 2818, 7261, 6919, 1096, 9744, 56619, 369, 45377, 8267, 198, 2028, 3388, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 15174, 323, 12823, 311, 1520, 499, 8108, 701, 54696, 304, 279, 2930, 4676, 13, 578, 3388, 12302, 449, 459, 24131, 315, 1695, 16565, 369, 6873, 323, 4860, 311, 2980, 4972, 311, 11469, 5664, 1096, 9744, 56619, 320, 62239, 4931, 570, 1115, 3388, 1101, 5825, 60614, 4931, 369, 12917, 2930, 11, 42247, 323, 73301, 11, 323, 17951, 287, 701, 2930, 3388, 627, 7416, 4645, 5519, 1472, 43750, 2582, 30982, 5380, 2028, 3388, 41424, 279, 9200, 12062, 1990, 6373, 323, 11692, 13, 52878, 690, 387, 11784, 311, 17931, 323, 51286, 922, 1855, 3158, 439, 1664, 439, 1268, 6373, 323, 11692, 2011, 1080, 29675, 369, 459, 7471, 311, 14816, 13750, 13, 52878, 690, 13488, 872, 1866, 6373, 14, 79486, 2200, 61555, 627, 7416, 4278, 4438, 3234, 1472, 30982, 5380, 2688, 5127, 374, 32599, 369, 11, 477, 32097, 11, 264, 11692, 2361, 13, 3861, 315, 279, 1176, 7504, 311, 1694, 459, 7524, 7808, 374, 311, 3619, 279, 12876, 311, 3063, 304, 279, 1176, 2035, 13, 52878, 690, 13488, 872, 25835, 311, 3063, 323, 2274, 264, 19662, 8830, 315, 872, 7808, 1742, 1161, 4390, 7416, 6889, 7927, 37263, 29680, 198, 56441, 8830, 279, 3560, 315, 279, 7808, 11, 279, 17139, 27375, 323, 5536, 315, 264, 7808, 5097, 1139, 18361, 279, 20723, 323, 279, 6671, 11, 2288, 13, 1115, 3388, 19170, 11692, 5536, 323, 41424, 279, 43807, 278, 24686, 369, 37263, 627, 14139, 374, 7718, 311, 7524, 84633, 13, 763, 420, 3388, 11, 499, 4048, 1268, 311, 58681, 323, 23075, 4279, 5435, 482, 1778, 439, 8009, 10758, 323, 74958, 12324, 482, 430, 649, 3242, 15686, 2128, 5208, 13, 1472, 690, 1101, 4048, 311, 1935, 91852, 11193, 311, 4148, 2128, 5435, 323, 7417, 2128, 5178, 627, 2028, 3388, 5825, 279, 31049, 323, 49939, 315, 2447, 6373, 11, 2737, 2447, 9293, 11, 8199, 287, 11, 2128, 52499, 11, 11572, 11, 323, 5326, 6492, 13, 578, 3388, 14861, 5505, 7526, 323, 12823, 1778, 439, 480, 2891, 51, 323, 393, 3481, 27223, 11, 5664, 15996, 2996, 29696, 11, 323, 33373, 6492, 627, 5463, 4645, 48942, 4504, 10608, 3012, 1555, 9538, 989, 71678, 198, 4438, 1690, 3115, 617, 584, 1071, 1054, 333, 584, 7070, 1193, 3967, 863, 439, 264, 5575, 23291, 704, 279, 6134, 30, 2360, 832, 8638, 6989, 9293, 311, 3775, 11, 719, 26907, 5435, 656, 31889, 430, 3118, 30740, 311, 2450, 13, 20783, 527, 1695, 520, 25607, 1521, 5435, 22978, 872, 1853, 311, 2450, 11, 719, 814, 14134, 1541, 1431, 617, 26613, 3575, 22581, 323, 10758, 7512, 4460, 311, 23075, 1521, 5435, 13, 1115, 3388, 5992, 520, 279, 2515, 315, 8631, 389, 6510, 684, 11, 279, 1005, 315, 7526, 311, 10765, 323, 1520, 4236, 520, 5326, 11, 323, 1268, 311, 2274, 459, 33232, 7829, 430, 13551, 12014, 369, 5575, 2450, 4028, 279, 4553, 7471, 627, 5463, 6849, 14809, 64813, 311, 29757, 685, 11988, 10608, 3012, 198, 2028, 3388, 374, 264, 4526, 315, 6848, 323, 1888, 12659, 15107, 505, 279, 8292, 315, 39148, 6650, 15174, 520, 927, 220, 3101, 16627, 14673, 29054, 13, 578, 3388, 374, 3196, 389, 264, 7701, 6992, 304, 24358, 4967, 2068, 9076, 555, 2999, 13, 13142, 85619, 11, 49407, 32413, 315, 578, 16867, 10181, 323, 5764, 2835, 9889, 315, 85619, 596, 38480, 13, 435, 4473, 449, 15325, 10631, 323, 18726, 11, 279, 3388, 1101, 35434, 279, 3851, 315, 1510, 3495, 3135, 389, 3823, 7865, 323, 41295, 7829, 311, 18885, 5575, 39148, 323, 38231, 13, 1115, 374, 264, 5016, 3388, 430, 690, 29057, 2349, 701, 13356, 389, 33232, 27375, 13, 128001 ]
Bateq tribe Orang Asli 3-year-old toddler Nasri Rosli, who was receiving treatment at the Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital (HRPZ II) passed away at 6.00 p.m yesterday.	53	[ 128000, 33, 349, 80, 34671, 2582, 526, 1666, 747, 220, 18, 4771, 6418, 52335, 39322, 462, 16870, 747, 11, 889, 574, 12588, 6514, 520, 279, 432, 19580, 3700, 3342, 10602, 1901, 467, 370, 8105, 15429, 320, 17526, 47, 57, 8105, 8, 5946, 3201, 520, 220, 21, 13, 410, 281, 749, 13985, 627, 128001 ]
Teaching new words may be a little challenging for some of us. I recently started incorporating some new teaching sessions into my son’s routine. Therefore today, I am sharing these ideas with you because I noticed he was very interested. My son’s nearly three years old, and I believe that at this age, kids can learn more if things are more exciting and fun for them. I hope you’ll find this idea helpful. It’s effortless – choose a word or a topic each day and gather your materials around that word. Be creative and use whatever you have on hand. Last time, our word was lion. So I went on a hunt for resources such as books, puzzles, toys that had something to do, or featured a lion. Honestly, this took me around half an hour to gather all my resources. Once you have all your materials and resources you want to use, the setup is quite easy. See my post from Instagram if you need inspiration. At first, it looks a little crowded, but it’s not. I wanted to have a visual aspect of the activity as well as the hand-on part, where my son had to do things and get involved. As you can see, I used various materials and resources – suitable for visual, hearing, and motricity. The below list is just an example of the things I used and already had at home. Some of the items listed are similar because I bought ours offline or in a different language. If yes, I have something really cool you might like.	328	[ 128000, 6777, 12092, 502, 4339, 1253, 387, 264, 2697, 17436, 369, 1063, 315, 603, 13, 358, 6051, 3940, 52913, 1063, 502, 12917, 16079, 1139, 856, 4538, 753, 14348, 13, 15636, 3432, 11, 358, 1097, 11821, 1521, 6848, 449, 499, 1606, 358, 14000, 568, 574, 1633, 8173, 627, 5159, 4538, 753, 7154, 2380, 1667, 2362, 11, 323, 358, 4510, 430, 520, 420, 4325, 11, 6980, 649, 4048, 810, 422, 2574, 527, 810, 13548, 323, 2523, 369, 1124, 13, 358, 3987, 499, 4805, 1505, 420, 4623, 11190, 627, 2181, 753, 80192, 1389, 5268, 264, 3492, 477, 264, 8712, 1855, 1938, 323, 9762, 701, 7384, 2212, 430, 3492, 13, 2893, 11782, 323, 1005, 8996, 499, 617, 389, 1450, 627, 5966, 892, 11, 1057, 3492, 574, 40132, 13, 2100, 358, 4024, 389, 264, 19614, 369, 5070, 1778, 439, 6603, 11, 47623, 11, 23939, 430, 1047, 2555, 311, 656, 11, 477, 15109, 264, 40132, 627, 96514, 11, 420, 3952, 757, 2212, 4376, 459, 6596, 311, 9762, 682, 856, 5070, 627, 12805, 499, 617, 682, 701, 7384, 323, 5070, 499, 1390, 311, 1005, 11, 279, 6642, 374, 5115, 4228, 13, 3580, 856, 1772, 505, 14318, 422, 499, 1205, 20343, 627, 1688, 1176, 11, 433, 5992, 264, 2697, 39313, 11, 719, 433, 753, 539, 13, 358, 4934, 311, 617, 264, 9302, 13189, 315, 279, 5820, 439, 1664, 439, 279, 1450, 10539, 961, 11, 1405, 856, 4538, 1047, 311, 656, 2574, 323, 636, 6532, 627, 2170, 499, 649, 1518, 11, 358, 1511, 5370, 7384, 323, 5070, 1389, 14791, 369, 9302, 11, 11011, 11, 323, 3937, 2265, 488, 13, 578, 3770, 1160, 374, 1120, 459, 3187, 315, 279, 2574, 358, 1511, 323, 2736, 1047, 520, 2162, 13, 4427, 315, 279, 3673, 10212, 527, 4528, 1606, 358, 11021, 11604, 27258, 477, 304, 264, 2204, 4221, 627, 2746, 10035, 11, 358, 617, 2555, 2216, 7155, 499, 2643, 1093, 627, 128001 ]
Software-as-a-service (or SaaS) is a method of delivering applications as a service over the cloud. This does not require installation or maintenance of the software as it is available over the internet and so it saves the client hardware management. Also known as web-based applications, on-demand, or hosted software, SaaS applications operate on the provider’s servers. The greatest advantage to SaaS applications is easy access. The only thing needed to make it work is a steady internet connection. Other SaaS characteristics include easy customization, which means that the model can adjust to work well with most businesses without changing their infrastructure. Supply chain companies are working on developing more capabilities and becoming more agile to suit the need of the hour. Smart supply chain enterprises will focus more on optimizing logistics operations with SaaS in the days to come in order to be able to respond to change fast and make smarter decisions. Software-as-a-Service will certainly play a major role in transforming several industries worldwide, especially the supply chain and logistics space.	220	[ 128000, 19805, 33534, 7561, 24358, 320, 269, 328, 65710, 8, 374, 264, 1749, 315, 24944, 8522, 439, 264, 2532, 927, 279, 9624, 13, 1115, 1587, 539, 1397, 14028, 477, 13709, 315, 279, 3241, 439, 433, 374, 2561, 927, 279, 7757, 323, 779, 433, 27024, 279, 3016, 12035, 6373, 13, 7429, 3967, 439, 3566, 6108, 8522, 11, 389, 57364, 11, 477, 21685, 3241, 11, 328, 65710, 8522, 14816, 389, 279, 9287, 753, 16692, 627, 791, 12474, 9610, 311, 328, 65710, 8522, 374, 4228, 2680, 13, 578, 1193, 3245, 4460, 311, 1304, 433, 990, 374, 264, 24981, 7757, 3717, 13, 7089, 328, 65710, 17910, 2997, 4228, 49141, 11, 902, 3445, 430, 279, 1646, 649, 7652, 311, 990, 1664, 449, 1455, 9873, 2085, 10223, 872, 14054, 627, 52396, 8957, 5220, 527, 3318, 389, 11469, 810, 17357, 323, 10671, 810, 62565, 311, 7937, 279, 1205, 315, 279, 6596, 13, 16147, 8312, 8957, 40919, 690, 5357, 810, 389, 74142, 43257, 7677, 449, 328, 65710, 304, 279, 2919, 311, 2586, 304, 2015, 311, 387, 3025, 311, 6013, 311, 2349, 5043, 323, 1304, 47578, 11429, 13, 4476, 33534, 7561, 12, 1898, 690, 7995, 1514, 264, 3682, 3560, 304, 46890, 3892, 19647, 15603, 11, 5423, 279, 8312, 8957, 323, 43257, 3634, 13, 128001 ]
Transfiguration of our Lord Diocese of La Crosse Page 2 of 38 Thank you for answering the call of God to be a teacher of the Faith, which involves leading children closer to Christ! Catechesis is the art of teaching the Faith in order to facilitate a personal encounter with Jesus Christ. should lead to understanding who Christ is in light of God’s word (what He has revealed to us in Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition) in order to be changed through His grace to become more and more like Him. Transformed by the working of grace, “the Christian thus sets himself to follow Christ and learns more and more within the Church to think like Him, to judge like Him, to act in conformity with His commandments, and to hope as He invites us to” Catechesis in Our Time , Pope John Paul II, #20. “The definitive aim of catechesis is to put people not only in touch but in communion, in intimacy, with Jesus Christ: “only He can lead us to the love of the Father in the Spirit and make us share in the life of the Holy Trinity” (CT, #5). How are catechists to teach in a way that leads children and young people into communion with Jesus Christ? Sacred Scripture is the driving force of all catechesis. The students need to know that the teachings are based upon God’s Word. In addition, when the Word of God is spoken, grace is given. We need grace in order to receive Jesus’ teaching. General Directory for Catechesis (GDC), a universal Church document promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1997, tells us that a primary place to encounter Jesus is through the Sacred The Bible transmits “the very word of God. [For this reason the Church desires that] “catechesis should be an authentic introduction to Lectio Divina (Divine Readings) ,” which is a way of meditating upon Scripture and applying it to one’s life (GDC #127). “ Thy Word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path An overview of Salvation History is to be presented at the beginning of each grade. Each and every teaching of the Faith that follows should be presented in light of this Story of God’s Plan for us (GDC #128). students the context for all the content of our catechesis. (See Overview/Scope Section pages 19-20 and Creed, page 6, number 1.) The doctrinal content of our catechesis is found in the Catechism of the Catholic Church , which is the “sure norm for teaching the Faith.” (GDC #121) All Catholic School administrators, teachers, DRE’s, CRE’s, catechists and Youth Ministers should regularly utilize the Catechism when teaching the Faith (GDC, #121). Holiness of life is essential in order for the catechist’s teaching to bring others into intimacy with Jesus Christ.	689	[ 128000, 3246, 915, 2060, 315, 1057, 10425, 198, 22427, 58744, 315, 5034, 356, 53456, 198, 2732, 220, 17, 315, 220, 1987, 198, 13359, 499, 369, 36864, 279, 1650, 315, 4359, 311, 387, 264, 11326, 315, 279, 34053, 11, 902, 18065, 6522, 2911, 12401, 311, 3771, 4999, 34, 349, 8696, 285, 374, 279, 1989, 315, 12917, 279, 34053, 304, 2015, 311, 28696, 264, 4443, 13123, 449, 10811, 3771, 627, 5562, 3063, 311, 8830, 889, 3771, 374, 304, 3177, 315, 4359, 753, 3492, 320, 12840, 1283, 706, 10675, 311, 603, 304, 61118, 54250, 323, 198, 94528, 1171, 81578, 8, 304, 2015, 311, 387, 5614, 1555, 5414, 21507, 311, 3719, 810, 323, 810, 1093, 21058, 627, 9140, 291, 555, 279, 198, 21837, 315, 21507, 11, 1054, 1820, 9052, 8617, 7437, 5678, 311, 1833, 3771, 323, 47310, 810, 323, 810, 2949, 279, 9441, 311, 1781, 198, 4908, 21058, 11, 311, 11913, 1093, 21058, 11, 311, 1180, 304, 90301, 449, 5414, 3290, 1392, 11, 323, 311, 3987, 439, 1283, 45510, 603, 311, 89874, 34, 349, 8696, 285, 304, 5751, 4212, 198, 11, 30460, 3842, 7043, 8105, 11, 674, 508, 627, 14305, 45813, 9395, 315, 59239, 8696, 285, 374, 311, 2231, 1274, 539, 198, 3323, 304, 5916, 719, 304, 94132, 11, 304, 66264, 11, 449, 10811, 3771, 512, 2118, 3323, 1283, 649, 3063, 603, 311, 279, 3021, 315, 279, 20941, 304, 279, 198, 87475, 323, 1304, 603, 4430, 304, 279, 2324, 315, 279, 19229, 45659, 863, 320, 1182, 11, 674, 20, 4390, 4438, 527, 59239, 331, 1705, 311, 4639, 304, 264, 1648, 430, 11767, 2911, 323, 3995, 1274, 1139, 94132, 449, 10811, 3771, 5380, 94528, 1171, 54250, 374, 279, 10043, 5457, 315, 682, 59239, 8696, 285, 627, 791, 4236, 1205, 311, 1440, 430, 279, 45572, 527, 3196, 198, 59723, 4359, 753, 9506, 627, 644, 5369, 11, 994, 279, 9506, 315, 4359, 374, 22066, 11, 21507, 374, 2728, 627, 1687, 1205, 21507, 304, 2015, 311, 198, 42993, 10811, 529, 12917, 627, 15777, 18524, 369, 356, 349, 8696, 285, 198, 6838, 5744, 705, 264, 20789, 9441, 2246, 198, 25475, 56099, 660, 555, 30460, 3842, 7043, 8105, 304, 220, 2550, 22, 11, 10975, 603, 430, 264, 6156, 2035, 311, 13123, 10811, 374, 1555, 279, 61118, 198, 791, 17377, 1380, 45803, 1054, 1820, 1633, 3492, 315, 4359, 627, 58, 2520, 420, 2944, 279, 9441, 32097, 430, 60, 1054, 43872, 8696, 285, 198, 5562, 387, 459, 13513, 17219, 311, 198, 43, 440, 822, 8940, 2259, 320, 12792, 483, 4557, 826, 340, 2476, 902, 374, 264, 1648, 315, 1812, 50644, 5304, 198, 6035, 554, 323, 19486, 433, 311, 832, 753, 2324, 320, 38, 5744, 674, 6804, 570, 1054, 198, 1016, 88, 9506, 374, 264, 29062, 311, 856, 7693, 323, 264, 3177, 311, 856, 1853, 198, 2127, 24131, 315, 86785, 11346, 374, 311, 387, 10666, 520, 279, 7314, 315, 1855, 12239, 627, 4959, 323, 1475, 12917, 315, 198, 1820, 34053, 430, 11263, 1288, 387, 10666, 304, 3177, 315, 420, 15457, 315, 4359, 753, 9878, 369, 603, 320, 38, 5744, 674, 4386, 4390, 38318, 279, 2317, 369, 682, 279, 2262, 315, 1057, 59239, 8696, 285, 627, 7, 10031, 35907, 14, 11037, 11360, 6959, 220, 777, 12, 508, 323, 61477, 345, 2964, 220, 21, 11, 1396, 220, 16, 29275, 791, 61990, 992, 2262, 315, 1057, 59239, 8696, 285, 374, 1766, 304, 279, 198, 34, 349, 331, 2191, 315, 279, 16879, 9441, 198, 11, 902, 374, 279, 1054, 19643, 7617, 198, 2000, 12917, 279, 34053, 2029, 320, 38, 5744, 674, 7994, 340, 2460, 16879, 6150, 38212, 11, 13639, 11, 423, 793, 753, 11, 50708, 753, 11, 59239, 331, 1705, 323, 198, 2675, 339, 79073, 1288, 15870, 29166, 279, 356, 349, 331, 2191, 994, 12917, 279, 34053, 320, 38, 5744, 11, 674, 7994, 4390, 79762, 1918, 315, 2324, 374, 7718, 304, 2015, 369, 279, 59239, 331, 380, 753, 12917, 311, 4546, 3885, 1139, 66264, 449, 10811, 3771, 13, 128001 ]
Josef Istler was born on November 13, 1919 in Prague. He studied in the years 1938 - 1939 in Yugoslavia with the German painter Walter Höfner. From 1942 he was a member of the RA Group, later a member of the SVU Mánes, the Cobra Group (Belgium and France), the Hollar Association of Czech Graphic Artists, the K. Teiga Society and the Phases movement. He is one of the leading representatives of Czech and European surrealism and informalism. He also designed decorations for public buildings, such as a triptych at Ruzyně Airport in Prague. Later, until his death, he focused on abstract graphic works. He is represented in the National Gallery Prague, Moravian Gallery Brno, PNP Prague, Tate Gallery London, Center G. Pompidou Paris, British Museum London, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Museum Marseille, Musée de l'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, in Munich, Geneva and Stockholm. He died on June 19, 2000 in Prague.	223	[ 128000, 46107, 69, 60590, 1565, 574, 9405, 389, 6841, 220, 1032, 11, 220, 7529, 24, 304, 68389, 13, 1283, 20041, 304, 279, 1667, 220, 7285, 23, 482, 220, 7285, 24, 304, 97877, 449, 279, 6063, 30581, 33305, 71364, 69, 1215, 13, 5659, 220, 6393, 17, 568, 574, 264, 4562, 315, 279, 29556, 5856, 11, 3010, 264, 4562, 315, 279, 17939, 52, 386, 1995, 4978, 11, 279, 85575, 5856, 320, 22404, 90339, 323, 9822, 705, 279, 473, 21999, 10229, 315, 34250, 45051, 53204, 11, 279, 735, 13, 2722, 16960, 13581, 323, 279, 2405, 2315, 7351, 13, 1283, 374, 832, 315, 279, 6522, 24005, 315, 34250, 323, 7665, 65623, 2191, 323, 42887, 2191, 13, 1283, 1101, 6319, 48679, 369, 586, 14016, 11, 1778, 439, 264, 2463, 1625, 331, 520, 432, 5308, 1910, 22161, 21348, 304, 68389, 13, 25929, 11, 3156, 813, 4648, 11, 568, 10968, 389, 8278, 21154, 4375, 13, 1283, 374, 15609, 304, 279, 5165, 19853, 68389, 11, 8613, 60278, 19853, 115358, 11, 393, 27321, 68389, 11, 68108, 19853, 7295, 11, 5955, 480, 13, 39412, 10629, 283, 12366, 11, 8013, 16730, 7295, 11, 800, 291, 33338, 16730, 38841, 11, 16730, 88793, 11, 5444, 8047, 409, 326, 6, 9470, 44527, 818, 409, 1208, 90230, 409, 12366, 11, 304, 47304, 11, 45345, 323, 53182, 13, 1283, 8636, 389, 5651, 220, 777, 11, 220, 1049, 15, 304, 68389, 627, 128001 ]
Early man walked or ran for short distanes. This limited interactions and movement as well as trade. The domestication of beasts of burden gradually changed this. The ransport of goods over long distances became possible. caravan trains crossed the trackless plains and deserts of Central Asia. The costs were, however, were enormous which limited commerce. Roads were a rarity and the marvel of civilizations like Persia and Rome. For the most part, the efficent transport of goods had to be conducted by water. But this long distance warer trabsport required advances in technolohy. Basic boats or river barges were developed, but long distance ocean transport required important advances in technology. Cinsidrable distances can be achieved by hugging coastlines, but the lack of true ocean tranport kep many people isolated until the modern era. Canals were built by ancient people both for irrigation and tarnsport. The technology fot ocean transport finally was achieved (15th century). Efficent new methods of transport were developed utilizing steam engines, both the rail road and the steamboat (19th century). Finally the automobile and airplan appeared at about the same time, primrily because both used efficent engines to power them was the primary technological problem that had to be solved. Early man walked or ran for short status. Actually an errect posture and efficent walking is an attribute of mankind. No other porivate developed efficent walking and running caoabilities. Not only did walking greatly improve t mobility, but it freed the hands for tasks like carrying loads and making tools. Walking is a slow, but effective mode of tranport. Archeologists now believe that the human speecies spread around the planet by walking long before beasts of burden and eventually the horse were domesticated. Walking is not, however, and effective method for transporting goods. Man can only carry small loads when walking and minimal loads when running. As horses and other large animals were domesticated, transport of goods over long distances became possible. The first caravans were donkey caavans. The donkey was the first somesticated beast of burden. The donkey is, however a small animal which limited the the loads which could be transported. And donkeys required food and water, limiting movement--especially across desert areas. Mountains also created barriers. The deserts were finally breeched with the domestication of the cammel. Caravan trains crossed the trackless plains and deserts of Central Asia. The costs were enormous. The caravan track accross Central Asia was called the Silk Road because it brought silk and other valuable Chinese products to Europe. Romans and subsequent Europeans coveted silk, but for centuries Chinese emperors retained the secret of silk production as a state secret. While commerce was conducted through caravans this was a extremely expensive way of conducting commerce. and pasage through political jurisdictions also meant dded cist. Thus the cost of goods trnsported over the silk Road were astronomical. Only the rich, the very rich, could afford such goods. Arab and Ottoman domination of the wesern terminus of the silk road created a desire among Europeans to establish direct trade routes to the East. Chinese silks and porceline as wll as the spices owere the principal empetus for the European voyages of discovery in the 15th century. For the most part, the transport of goods had to be conducted by boat or river barge until the mid-19th century. Boats were faster and less expensive. This made rivers a major factor in commerce and communication, making possession of rivers of great strategic importance. No where was this more obvious than North America. New Orleans because it sat at the mouth of the Mississippi, which drained half of North America, was crucial in determining who would dominate the continent. Farmers west of the Aplachaens had no way to market their crops other than to flot them down the Mississpi. Canals were built by ancient people both for irrigation and tarnsport. As European economies developed, the existing rivers proved in adequate to the needs of commerce. Canals were buolt in England, France, and elsewhere in Europe. The canals played a major role in the early phase of the industrial revolution in Europe. Extensive canal construction began in England during the mid-18th century. The Duke Bridgewater at age 22 began the constructiin of canals hen he deciuded to connect his coalmines with cotton mills in Manchester 6 miles distant. The canal eventually extended 46 miles. The cost was enormous and the Duke had to sell his estates and borrow momey. He engaged a millwright, James Brindley, to construct his canal. Brindley had no formal education, but was inventive. He reportedly modeled his aqueducts in cheese. His designs set the standard for canals in the English midlands. The Duke's canal accomodated wide river barges. Brindley worked on many other canals, designinging them more narrow to sav money in construction. Narrow canal barges wer bilt which required little water in relation to carrying capacity. Bridgewater finally opened his canal in 1761, making him a fortune and helping to inspire canal building projects throughout the Midlands. Joseph Wedgewood and other 18th century industrialists were impressed. The economic advantages were starteling. Coal delivered by land had cost 65 pence a ton, delivered by canal it only coist 35 pence. Wedgewood proceeded to organize a group of potters to finance a canal to connect their factories with Liverpool wearhouses. Wedgewood and other English potters had a large domestic market, but faced severe difficulties in shipping raw marials to their factories and the finished product to markets. [Hornik, pp. 53-54.] An extensive canal system was never built in America, but some canals were built in the early 19th century. The Eire Canal in particular played a major role in the economy of the northeast and the opening of the American West. Efficent new methods of transport were developed utilizing steam engines, both the rail road and the steamboat. Railways appeared in the early-19th century and were a major factor in the economy by the mid-19th century. The new railroads which rapidly spread across Europe and America helped spread the new iundustrial economy. Railways pre-dated the steam engine. By the mid-18th century the plate or rail track were being used to move coal from the pithead to the colliery or furnace, especially in England. The coal was powered by ponies or people. After the turn of the 19th century, flat were being used outside London, Sheffield, and Munich. Soon they spread to other large cities as well. Europe's rapidly expanding industrial economy created a need for improved and more efficient transport. Richard Trevithick first employed an engine to pull trucks--at a Cornish mine. A railway was opened in the 1830s from Liverpool to Manchester. It was here that George Stephenson employed "Rocket" to pull a train of cars reaching 14 miles per hour. The histoy of railroads varied from country to country. England was the first country to be heavily covered by railroads in part because England led Europe in the industrial revolution. England experienced a railroad building boom in the 1840s. Railroads faced many difficulties, including vested interests. Canal operators, turnpike trusts, and horse breeders opposed the railroad, but the effiency of moving goods over rails made the railroads impossible to resist. Falling prices for iron and improvements in machine tools were other factors. England by the 185os possessed an extensive network of railways. Trains were transporting both people and goods 30-50 miles per hour--speeds unimagineable even a decade earlier. It was freight that became the minstay of the railroads. The British Government in the 1850s intervened to regulate the railroads, creating monopolies to prevent caotic bulding, but limiting prices. Even so, by World War I (1914-18) British railroads had developed problems--overcapitalization, rising costs, and state regulation. British railroad construction was soon followed by construction on the continenbt, in many cases financed by Britsh investors. British equipment and technicians also played an important role. France in the 1840s built a railway system combining private and public enterprise. German railway construction was complicated by the many different states. Army commanders by the 1860s saw the military potential of railways. Railways played an important role in the America Civil War (1861-65) and Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). Railways were especially impotant in linking large countries like America, Canada, and Russia. The bicycle is a wheeled vehicle having a tandem arrangement of the wheels with a saddle for the rider, a steering handle, and gear for propulsion by the feet. The modern bicycle is the result of a long history of technological development. Bikes were originally developed for adults. Bikes at first were quite expensive, too expensive for children. Versions for children appeared by the late-19th century, but because of the cost, these were only for children from wealthy families. After World War I the bicycle became more afordable and in some countries such as America became a standard play item. Boys in particular liked to be photographed with their bikes. Thus many photographs exist of boys in casual clothes with their bikes. Early photographs, however, are staged shots, some times with the boys wearing their sunday best suits. Before the turn of the 20th century the automobile appeared. No mechanical device affected American culture more than the automobile. Much of the growth in the American economy after the turn of the 20th century was centered on the new automobile. The American economy by the 1920s was to a large extent centered on the automobile. It was the industry centered on the automobile and trucks that peovided the back bone for the arsenal of democracy that helped defeat the NAZIs and Japanese militarists in World War I. The autmobile also have a profound cultural imapct on America. City planning began to take place when the automobile in mind. Sometimes more attention was given go the automobile than people. The autmobile made possible the move to the suburbs, especilly after World War II. There wre many other cultural impacts of the automobile. Few events were more important for an America boy than obtaining that all important driving license. Other countries were similarly affected, but not to the same extent as the United States. Historical images of boys' clothing sometimes appeared in automobile adverisements. Many American families would have photographs taken around the family automobile. It is interesting to notec when searching through E-Bay, the number of American portraits picturing the children and parents with the family car. There are two kinds of aircraft, lighter and heavier than air craft. Working with lighter-than-air craft was the technologically simplier effort. The first flight was with a hot-air baloon in France (18th century. These ballons had little commercial interest, but som military applicatoins, especially battlefield observation. It was Count Zeppelin in Germany that built the first rigid structure lighter-than-air craft. His Zeppelins were used unsucessfully in World War I, but found some commercial success until the cartratrophic Hindenburg disaster. The related non-rigid blimps proved to have greater military value. They were used by the British as barage balloons during the Battle of Britain (1940). There real importance was the use by the American Navy in the Battle of the Atlantic (1942-45). The Wright brothers in 1903 accomplished the first sustained flight of a heavier than air craft. This was an accomplishment that a numbr of Europeans had been working on for several years. Surprisingly two American bicycle repairmen with little funding and only basic educations accomplished it. For several years the Wright Flyers were the only safe airplanes. The airplane proved to be of enormous military and commercial importance. Air power in just a few years revolutionized warfare. It also revolutionized travel. What began has a very expensive mode of transport for the wealthy after World War II with the introduction of jet engines became the primary mode of transport for people of all classes. Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing Web Site: [Return to the Main transport page] [Introduction] [Activities] [Biographies] [Chronology] [Clothing styles] [Countries] [Bibliographies] [Contributions] [Essays] [FAQs] [Glossaries] [Images] [Links] [Registration] [Tools] [Boys' Clothing Home]	2,602	[ 128000, 42298, 893, 15203, 477, 10837, 369, 2875, 1612, 14997, 13, 1115, 7347, 22639, 323, 7351, 439, 1664, 439, 6696, 13, 578, 13018, 367, 315, 57536, 315, 23104, 27115, 5614, 420, 13, 578, 436, 598, 403, 315, 11822, 927, 1317, 27650, 6244, 3284, 13, 74760, 28788, 28129, 279, 3839, 1752, 78466, 323, 951, 15916, 315, 10913, 13936, 13, 578, 7194, 1051, 11, 4869, 11, 1051, 23205, 902, 7347, 36754, 13, 80353, 1051, 264, 59871, 323, 279, 45882, 315, 86569, 1093, 21097, 689, 323, 22463, 13, 1789, 279, 1455, 961, 11, 279, 31914, 306, 7710, 315, 11822, 1047, 311, 387, 13375, 555, 3090, 13, 2030, 420, 1317, 6138, 4208, 261, 490, 3518, 403, 2631, 31003, 304, 2869, 337, 2319, 88, 13, 14967, 32731, 477, 15140, 26967, 288, 1051, 8040, 11, 719, 1317, 6138, 18435, 7710, 2631, 3062, 31003, 304, 5557, 13, 356, 1354, 307, 81, 481, 27650, 649, 387, 17427, 555, 305, 36368, 13962, 8128, 11, 719, 279, 6996, 315, 837, 18435, 24614, 403, 65284, 1690, 1274, 25181, 3156, 279, 6617, 11639, 13, 3053, 1147, 1051, 5918, 555, 14154, 1274, 2225, 369, 63566, 323, 87580, 62001, 13, 578, 5557, 32940, 18435, 7710, 5616, 574, 17427, 320, 868, 339, 9478, 570, 469, 21264, 306, 502, 5528, 315, 7710, 1051, 8040, 35988, 20930, 21787, 11, 2225, 279, 13881, 5754, 323, 279, 20930, 38865, 320, 777, 339, 9478, 570, 17830, 279, 35528, 323, 3805, 10609, 9922, 520, 922, 279, 1890, 892, 11, 9036, 81, 1570, 1606, 2225, 1511, 31914, 306, 21787, 311, 2410, 1124, 574, 279, 6156, 30116, 3575, 430, 1047, 311, 387, 29056, 627, 42298, 893, 15203, 477, 10837, 369, 2875, 2704, 13, 34863, 459, 2781, 2921, 48378, 323, 31914, 306, 11689, 374, 459, 7180, 315, 43384, 13, 2360, 1023, 4247, 736, 8040, 31914, 306, 11689, 323, 4401, 101373, 8623, 13, 2876, 1193, 1550, 11689, 19407, 7417, 259, 31139, 11, 719, 433, 28634, 279, 6206, 369, 9256, 1093, 15691, 21577, 323, 3339, 7526, 13, 40155, 374, 264, 6435, 11, 719, 7524, 3941, 315, 24614, 403, 13, 1676, 1557, 22012, 1457, 4510, 430, 279, 3823, 2395, 103152, 9041, 2212, 279, 11841, 555, 11689, 1317, 1603, 57536, 315, 23104, 323, 9778, 279, 15580, 1051, 13018, 660, 13, 40155, 374, 539, 11, 4869, 11, 323, 7524, 1749, 369, 67757, 11822, 13, 2418, 649, 1193, 6920, 2678, 21577, 994, 11689, 323, 17832, 21577, 994, 4401, 627, 2170, 27928, 323, 1023, 3544, 10099, 1051, 13018, 660, 11, 7710, 315, 11822, 927, 1317, 27650, 6244, 3284, 13, 578, 1176, 1841, 402, 598, 1051, 1541, 798, 2211, 402, 598, 13, 578, 1541, 798, 574, 279, 1176, 1794, 10027, 660, 32236, 315, 23104, 13, 578, 1541, 798, 374, 11, 4869, 264, 2678, 10065, 902, 7347, 279, 279, 21577, 902, 1436, 387, 40460, 13, 1628, 1541, 10786, 2631, 3691, 323, 3090, 11, 33994, 7351, 313, 36046, 4028, 24521, 5789, 13, 41114, 1101, 3549, 30740, 13, 578, 951, 15916, 1051, 5616, 68399, 2454, 449, 279, 13018, 367, 315, 279, 6730, 28226, 13, 3341, 32005, 28788, 28129, 279, 3839, 1752, 78466, 323, 951, 15916, 315, 10913, 13936, 13, 578, 7194, 1051, 23205, 13, 578, 74760, 3839, 1046, 2177, 10913, 13936, 574, 2663, 279, 52136, 9728, 1606, 433, 7263, 41044, 323, 1023, 15525, 8620, 3956, 311, 4606, 13, 49817, 323, 17876, 51607, 70665, 41044, 11, 719, 369, 24552, 8620, 991, 716, 1105, 35363, 279, 6367, 315, 41044, 5788, 439, 264, 1614, 6367, 13, 6104, 36754, 574, 13375, 1555, 1841, 402, 598, 420, 574, 264, 9193, 11646, 1648, 315, 31474, 36754, 13, 323, 6502, 425, 1555, 5054, 56043, 1101, 8967, 294, 9988, 272, 380, 13, 14636, 279, 2853, 315, 11822, 490, 4511, 36626, 927, 279, 41044, 9728, 1051, 87283, 13, 8442, 279, 9257, 11, 279, 1633, 9257, 11, 1436, 10150, 1778, 11822, 13, 10989, 323, 70110, 55949, 315, 279, 98268, 944, 10415, 355, 315, 279, 41044, 5754, 3549, 264, 12876, 4315, 51607, 311, 5813, 2167, 6696, 11543, 311, 279, 6460, 13, 8620, 5554, 2857, 323, 4247, 3757, 483, 439, 289, 657, 439, 279, 49659, 15941, 486, 279, 12717, 991, 7005, 355, 369, 279, 7665, 23933, 1154, 315, 18841, 304, 279, 220, 868, 339, 9478, 627, 2520, 279, 1455, 961, 11, 279, 7710, 315, 11822, 1047, 311, 387, 13375, 555, 15688, 477, 15140, 293, 2812, 3156, 279, 5209, 12, 777, 339, 9478, 13, 2577, 1900, 1051, 10819, 323, 2753, 11646, 13, 1115, 1903, 36617, 264, 3682, 8331, 304, 36754, 323, 10758, 11, 3339, 19243, 315, 36617, 315, 2294, 19092, 12939, 13, 2360, 1405, 574, 420, 810, 8196, 1109, 4892, 5270, 13, 1561, 27008, 1606, 433, 7731, 520, 279, 11013, 315, 279, 29538, 11, 902, 61508, 4376, 315, 4892, 5270, 11, 574, 16996, 304, 26679, 889, 1053, 41836, 279, 32843, 13, 63422, 9909, 315, 279, 362, 501, 52676, 729, 1047, 912, 1648, 311, 3157, 872, 31665, 1023, 1109, 311, 1344, 354, 1124, 1523, 279, 9083, 1056, 2554, 627, 6854, 1147, 1051, 5918, 555, 14154, 1274, 2225, 369, 63566, 323, 87580, 62001, 627, 2170, 7665, 37671, 8040, 11, 279, 6484, 36617, 19168, 304, 26613, 311, 279, 3966, 315, 36754, 13, 3053, 1147, 1051, 1048, 6312, 304, 9635, 11, 9822, 11, 323, 18403, 304, 4606, 13, 578, 649, 1147, 6476, 264, 3682, 3560, 304, 279, 4216, 10474, 315, 279, 13076, 14110, 304, 4606, 13, 9634, 4114, 40021, 8246, 6137, 304, 9635, 2391, 279, 5209, 12, 972, 339, 9478, 13, 578, 27453, 32437, 86130, 520, 4325, 220, 1313, 6137, 279, 9429, 72, 258, 315, 649, 1147, 48916, 568, 1654, 72, 38477, 311, 4667, 813, 11756, 1083, 288, 449, 24428, 33008, 304, 19922, 220, 21, 8931, 29827, 13, 578, 40021, 9778, 11838, 220, 2790, 8931, 13, 578, 2853, 574, 23205, 323, 279, 27453, 1047, 311, 4662, 813, 84075, 323, 17636, 296, 638, 88, 13, 1283, 17045, 264, 2606, 53852, 11, 7957, 3320, 485, 3258, 11, 311, 9429, 813, 40021, 13, 3320, 485, 3258, 1047, 912, 16287, 6873, 11, 719, 574, 92032, 13, 1283, 18307, 62653, 813, 15715, 81600, 82, 304, 17604, 13, 5414, 14769, 743, 279, 5410, 369, 649, 1147, 304, 198, 1820, 6498, 5209, 8329, 13, 578, 27453, 596, 40021, 5844, 347, 660, 7029, 15140, 26967, 288, 13, 3320, 485, 3258, 6575, 389, 1690, 1023, 649, 1147, 11, 2955, 24992, 1124, 810, 15376, 311, 11427, 3300, 304, 8246, 13, 83411, 40021, 26967, 288, 7205, 293, 3036, 902, 2631, 2697, 3090, 304, 12976, 311, 15691, 8824, 13, 32437, 86130, 5616, 9107, 813, 40021, 304, 220, 10967, 16, 11, 3339, 1461, 264, 33415, 323, 10695, 311, 31740, 40021, 4857, 7224, 6957, 279, 81251, 13, 15466, 6658, 38385, 1411, 323, 1023, 220, 972, 339, 9478, 13076, 1705, 1051, 25408, 13, 578, 7100, 22934, 1051, 1212, 20659, 13, 25850, 12886, 555, 4363, 1047, 2853, 220, 2397, 281, 768, 264, 8941, 11, 12886, 555, 40021, 433, 1193, 1080, 380, 220, 1758, 281, 768, 13, 6658, 38385, 1411, 45374, 311, 31335, 264, 1912, 315, 281, 1751, 388, 311, 17452, 264, 40021, 311, 4667, 872, 35159, 449, 25715, 10051, 37841, 13, 6658, 38385, 1411, 323, 1023, 6498, 281, 1751, 388, 1047, 264, 3544, 13018, 3157, 11, 719, 17011, 15748, 27129, 304, 11862, 7257, 3678, 10522, 311, 872, 35159, 323, 279, 8220, 2027, 311, 11987, 13, 510, 39, 1540, 1609, 11, 12086, 13, 220, 4331, 12, 4370, 25750, 1556, 16781, 40021, 1887, 198, 16514, 2646, 5918, 304, 5270, 11, 719, 1063, 649, 1147, 1051, 5918, 304, 279, 4216, 220, 777, 339, 9478, 13, 578, 469, 556, 53748, 304, 4040, 6476, 264, 3682, 3560, 304, 279, 8752, 315, 279, 41929, 323, 279, 8736, 315, 279, 3778, 4410, 627, 36, 21264, 306, 502, 5528, 315, 7710, 1051, 8040, 35988, 20930, 21787, 11, 2225, 279, 13881, 5754, 323, 279, 20930, 38865, 13, 24720, 2336, 9922, 304, 279, 4216, 12, 777, 339, 9478, 323, 1051, 264, 3682, 8331, 304, 279, 8752, 555, 279, 5209, 12, 777, 339, 9478, 13, 578, 502, 13881, 43791, 902, 19019, 9041, 4028, 4606, 323, 5270, 9087, 9041, 279, 502, 602, 1263, 47479, 8752, 13, 24720, 2336, 864, 1773, 660, 279, 20930, 4817, 13, 3296, 279, 5209, 12, 972, 339, 9478, 279, 12235, 477, 13881, 3839, 1051, 1694, 1511, 311, 3351, 11756, 505, 279, 20428, 2025, 311, 279, 1400, 747, 727, 477, 55564, 11, 5423, 304, 9635, 13, 578, 11756, 574, 23134, 555, 35023, 552, 477, 1274, 13, 4740, 279, 2543, 315, 279, 220, 777, 339, 9478, 345, 27323, 1051, 1694, 1511, 4994, 7295, 11, 61125, 11, 323, 47304, 13, 32862, 814, 9041, 311, 1023, 3544, 9919, 439, 1664, 13, 4606, 596, 19019, 24050, 13076, 8752, 3549, 264, 1205, 369, 13241, 323, 810, 11297, 7710, 13, 12131, 46101, 411, 875, 1176, 20011, 459, 4817, 311, 6958, 27861, 313, 266, 264, 22036, 819, 10705, 13, 362, 40106, 574, 9107, 304, 279, 220, 10750, 15, 82, 505, 25715, 311, 19922, 13, 1102, 574, 1618, 430, 10058, 41659, 34237, 20011, 330, 81117, 1, 311, 6958, 264, 5542, 315, 9515, 19261, 220, 975, 8931, 824, 6596, 13, 578, 13034, 2303, 315, 13881, 43791, 28830, 505, 3224, 311, 3224, 13, 9635, 574, 279, 1176, 3224, 311, 387, 17345, 9960, 555, 13881, 43791, 304, 961, 1606, 9635, 6197, 4606, 304, 279, 13076, 14110, 13, 9635, 10534, 264, 51576, 4857, 30845, 304, 279, 220, 10336, 15, 82, 13, 24720, 43791, 17011, 1690, 27129, 11, 2737, 79051, 12034, 13, 53748, 20197, 11, 2543, 65546, 66614, 11, 323, 15580, 198, 21152, 291, 388, 16475, 279, 51576, 11, 719, 279, 3369, 72, 2301, 315, 7366, 11822, 927, 43700, 1903, 279, 13881, 43791, 12266, 311, 22884, 13, 85299, 7729, 369, 11245, 323, 18637, 304, 5780, 7526, 1051, 1023, 9547, 13, 9635, 555, 279, 220, 9741, 437, 43890, 459, 16781, 4009, 315, 96247, 13, 1183, 1771, 1051, 67757, 2225, 1274, 323, 11822, 220, 966, 12, 1135, 8931, 824, 6596, 313, 20997, 82, 653, 318, 24281, 481, 1524, 264, 13515, 6931, 13, 1102, 574, 46217, 430, 6244, 279, 1332, 60021, 315, 279, 13881, 43791, 13, 578, 8013, 10423, 304, 279, 220, 9741, 15, 82, 90548, 311, 37377, 279, 13881, 43791, 11, 6968, 75253, 552, 311, 5471, 2211, 14546, 7173, 7113, 11, 719, 33994, 7729, 13, 7570, 779, 11, 555, 4435, 5111, 358, 320, 7529, 19, 12, 972, 8, 8013, 13881, 43791, 1047, 8040, 5435, 313, 2017, 66163, 2065, 11, 16448, 7194, 11, 323, 1614, 19812, 13, 8013, 51576, 8246, 574, 5246, 8272, 555, 8246, 389, 279, 2018, 268, 13045, 11, 304, 1690, 5157, 70764, 555, 5567, 939, 15167, 13, 8013, 7241, 323, 53459, 1101, 6476, 459, 3062, 3560, 13, 9822, 304, 279, 220, 10336, 15, 82, 5918, 264, 40106, 1887, 35271, 879, 323, 586, 20790, 13, 6063, 40106, 8246, 574, 17395, 555, 279, 1690, 2204, 5415, 13, 13309, 61427, 555, 279, 220, 9714, 15, 82, 5602, 279, 6411, 4754, 315, 96247, 13, 24720, 2336, 6476, 459, 3062, 3560, 304, 279, 5270, 16803, 5111, 320, 9714, 16, 12, 2397, 8, 323, 44943, 12, 3617, 15950, 5111, 320, 9674, 15, 12, 6028, 570, 24720, 2336, 1051, 5423, 3242, 354, 519, 304, 31799, 3544, 198, 47808, 1093, 5270, 11, 7008, 11, 323, 8524, 627, 791, 36086, 374, 264, 15240, 41189, 7458, 3515, 264, 67042, 27204, 315, 279, 23529, 449, 264, 61858, 369, 279, 38226, 11, 264, 33277, 3790, 11, 323, 14787, 369, 91228, 555, 279, 7693, 13, 578, 6617, 36086, 374, 279, 1121, 315, 264, 1317, 3925, 315, 30116, 4500, 13, 426, 12732, 1051, 13517, 8040, 369, 12884, 13, 426, 12732, 520, 1176, 1051, 5115, 11646, 11, 2288, 11646, 369, 2911, 13, 86274, 369, 2911, 9922, 555, 279, 3389, 12, 777, 339, 9478, 11, 719, 1606, 315, 279, 2853, 11, 1521, 1051, 1193, 369, 2911, 505, 28994, 8689, 13, 4740, 4435, 5111, 358, 279, 36086, 6244, 810, 8136, 36270, 323, 304, 1063, 5961, 1778, 439, 5270, 6244, 264, 5410, 1514, 1537, 13, 30857, 304, 4040, 15262, 311, 387, 57303, 449, 872, 31553, 13, 14636, 1690, 25232, 3073, 315, 13305, 304, 16736, 15447, 449, 872, 31553, 13, 23591, 25232, 11, 4869, 11, 527, 51157, 15300, 11, 1063, 3115, 449, 279, 13305, 12512, 872, 93463, 1888, 29076, 627, 10438, 279, 2543, 315, 279, 220, 508, 339, 9478, 279, 35528, 9922, 13, 2360, 22936, 3756, 11754, 3778, 7829, 810, 1109, 279, 35528, 13, 24191, 315, 279, 6650, 304, 279, 3778, 8752, 1306, 279, 2543, 315, 279, 220, 508, 339, 9478, 574, 31288, 389, 279, 502, 35528, 13, 578, 3778, 8752, 555, 279, 220, 5926, 15, 82, 574, 311, 264, 3544, 13112, 31288, 389, 279, 35528, 13, 1102, 574, 279, 5064, 31288, 389, 279, 35528, 323, 27861, 430, 1069, 869, 4591, 279, 1203, 17685, 369, 279, 58031, 315, 20095, 430, 9087, 18506, 279, 21317, 57, 3957, 323, 11002, 62533, 1705, 304, 4435, 5111, 358, 13, 578, 3154, 15280, 1101, 617, 264, 28254, 13042, 95817, 302, 389, 5270, 13, 4409, 9293, 6137, 311, 1935, 2035, 994, 279, 35528, 304, 4059, 13, 18156, 810, 6666, 574, 2728, 733, 279, 35528, 1109, 1274, 13, 578, 3154, 15280, 1903, 3284, 279, 3351, 311, 279, 48013, 11, 43938, 14722, 1306, 4435, 5111, 8105, 13, 2684, 67608, 1690, 1023, 13042, 25949, 315, 279, 35528, 13, 44015, 4455, 1051, 810, 3062, 369, 459, 5270, 8334, 1109, 19546, 430, 682, 3062, 10043, 5842, 13, 7089, 5961, 1051, 30293, 11754, 11, 719, 539, 311, 279, 1890, 13112, 439, 279, 3723, 4273, 13, 41143, 5448, 315, 13305, 6, 17895, 7170, 9922, 304, 35528, 1008, 424, 285, 3808, 13, 9176, 3778, 8689, 1053, 617, 25232, 4529, 2212, 279, 3070, 35528, 13, 1102, 374, 7185, 311, 539, 762, 994, 15389, 1555, 469, 7826, 352, 11, 279, 1396, 315, 3778, 59234, 72829, 1711, 279, 2911, 323, 6699, 449, 279, 3070, 1841, 627, 3947, 527, 1403, 13124, 315, 14467, 11, 30673, 323, 44922, 1109, 3805, 11003, 13, 22938, 449, 30673, 48754, 38635, 11003, 574, 279, 2869, 30450, 1675, 8034, 5149, 13, 578, 1176, 11213, 574, 449, 264, 4106, 38635, 9839, 9186, 304, 9822, 320, 972, 339, 9478, 13, 4314, 5041, 2439, 1047, 2697, 8518, 2802, 11, 719, 1794, 6411, 4666, 4428, 1354, 11, 5423, 38486, 22695, 13, 1102, 574, 4605, 10120, 69108, 304, 10057, 430, 5918, 279, 1176, 33956, 6070, 30673, 48754, 38635, 11003, 13, 5414, 10120, 604, 301, 1354, 1051, 1511, 7120, 84, 1140, 3725, 304, 4435, 5111, 358, 11, 719, 1766, 1063, 8518, 2450, 3156, 279, 1841, 376, 266, 42810, 20412, 55485, 21426, 13, 578, 5552, 2536, 3880, 21596, 1529, 67758, 19168, 311, 617, 7191, 6411, 907, 13, 2435, 1051, 1511, 555, 279, 8013, 439, 3703, 425, 70580, 2391, 279, 16506, 315, 13527, 320, 6393, 15, 570, 2684, 1972, 12939, 574, 279, 1005, 555, 279, 3778, 19574, 304, 279, 16506, 315, 279, 23179, 320, 6393, 17, 12, 1774, 570, 578, 27839, 20820, 304, 220, 7028, 18, 27332, 279, 1176, 29759, 11213, 315, 264, 44922, 1109, 3805, 11003, 13, 1115, 574, 459, 61238, 430, 264, 1661, 1347, 315, 51607, 1047, 1027, 3318, 389, 369, 3892, 1667, 13, 8242, 49264, 1403, 3778, 36086, 13023, 5794, 449, 2697, 11006, 323, 1193, 6913, 4834, 811, 27332, 433, 13, 1789, 3892, 1667, 279, 27839, 74834, 1051, 279, 1193, 6220, 76481, 13, 578, 44024, 19168, 311, 387, 315, 23205, 6411, 323, 8518, 12939, 13, 6690, 2410, 304, 1120, 264, 2478, 1667, 14110, 1534, 39307, 13, 1102, 1101, 14110, 1534, 5944, 13, 3639, 6137, 706, 264, 1633, 11646, 3941, 315, 7710, 369, 279, 28994, 1306, 4435, 5111, 8105, 449, 279, 17219, 315, 17004, 21787, 6244, 279, 6156, 3941, 315, 7710, 369, 1274, 315, 682, 6989, 627, 74382, 279, 30857, 6, 41143, 54758, 5000, 13207, 512, 58, 5715, 311, 279, 4802, 7710, 2199, 933, 37361, 17158, 60, 510, 68920, 60, 510, 37196, 67245, 60, 510, 68853, 2508, 60, 510, 52336, 1626, 9404, 60, 510, 72828, 933, 33722, 69713, 67245, 60, 510, 54084, 4065, 60, 510, 38538, 954, 60, 510, 56032, 82, 60, 510, 38, 9563, 5548, 60, 510, 14562, 60, 510, 25056, 60, 510, 24253, 60, 510, 16992, 933, 58, 1255, 1065, 6, 54758, 5492, 60, 128001 ]
(Gateway Pundit) – Mayor Pete Buttigieg gave advice on coming out as gay to a nine-year-old child in Denver during a campaign stop on Saturday night. Surely this prepubescent child did this on his own, without the prompting of his parents — we’re expected to believe that, anyways. Buttigieg told the child, Zachary Ro, that it didn’t seem like he needed advice on bravery, since he said it in a room full of people. “Let me tell you a couple things that might be useful. The first thing is that it won’t always be easy, but that’s okay because you know who you are and that’s really important because when you know who you are you have a center of gravity that can hold you together when all kinds of chaos is happening around you,” Buttigieg added. The audience then broke out into a chant of “love is love,” according to a report from the Colorado Sun. The campaign claims that his question was picked from a bowl of them submitted by attendees at random. Donald Trump Addresses Roaring Crowd Of Over 10...	251	[ 128000, 6838, 12312, 393, 1263, 275, 8, 1389, 22868, 37373, 70449, 343, 36110, 6688, 9650, 389, 5108, 704, 439, 8485, 311, 264, 11888, 4771, 6418, 1716, 304, 22898, 2391, 264, 4901, 3009, 389, 7884, 3814, 627, 40914, 398, 420, 864, 9780, 288, 1189, 1716, 1550, 420, 389, 813, 1866, 11, 2085, 279, 50745, 315, 813, 6699, 2001, 584, 3207, 3685, 311, 4510, 430, 11, 63445, 627, 4071, 83, 343, 36110, 3309, 279, 1716, 11, 39315, 661, 12093, 11, 430, 433, 3287, 1431, 2873, 1093, 568, 4460, 9650, 389, 86166, 11, 2533, 568, 1071, 433, 304, 264, 3130, 2539, 315, 1274, 627, 2118, 10267, 757, 3371, 499, 264, 5743, 2574, 430, 2643, 387, 5505, 13, 578, 1176, 3245, 374, 430, 433, 2834, 1431, 2744, 387, 4228, 11, 719, 430, 753, 17339, 1606, 499, 1440, 889, 499, 527, 323, 430, 753, 2216, 3062, 1606, 994, 499, 1440, 889, 499, 527, 499, 617, 264, 4219, 315, 24128, 430, 649, 3412, 499, 3871, 994, 682, 13124, 315, 28013, 374, 12765, 2212, 499, 2476, 70449, 343, 36110, 3779, 627, 791, 10877, 1243, 14760, 704, 1139, 264, 44453, 315, 1054, 31153, 374, 3021, 2476, 4184, 311, 264, 1934, 505, 279, 15745, 8219, 627, 791, 4901, 8349, 430, 813, 3488, 574, 13061, 505, 264, 19763, 315, 1124, 14976, 555, 40285, 520, 4288, 627, 18735, 3420, 92530, 12093, 3329, 99084, 5046, 6193, 220, 605, 9522, 128001 ]
The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on Wednesday strongly condemned the violent acts by rioters at Hong Kong International Airport on Tuesday night. "Rioters on Tuesday detained, harassed and assaulted a visitor and a journalist from the Chinese mainland. Such violent acts could almost be described as 'terrorism,'" the liaison office said in a statement, adding that it will support the Hong Kong police to bring rioters to justice. "We want to express our deep condolences to the two victims and show our deepest respect to the reporter who voiced support for the Hong Kong police," the statement said.	127	[ 128000, 791, 84757, 3416, 8410, 315, 279, 10913, 9029, 596, 10423, 304, 279, 19730, 18711, 9984, 52941, 17593, 389, 8079, 16917, 39025, 279, 16806, 14385, 555, 42597, 388, 520, 19730, 18711, 7327, 21348, 389, 7742, 3814, 627, 1, 49, 11345, 388, 389, 7742, 37993, 11, 68610, 323, 46671, 264, 20792, 323, 264, 23672, 505, 279, 8620, 51115, 13, 15483, 16806, 14385, 1436, 4661, 387, 7633, 439, 364, 56663, 49982, 279, 83199, 5274, 1071, 304, 264, 5224, 11, 7999, 430, 433, 690, 1862, 279, 19730, 18711, 4379, 311, 4546, 42597, 388, 311, 12437, 627, 10944, 1390, 311, 3237, 1057, 5655, 80293, 311, 279, 1403, 12697, 323, 1501, 1057, 51621, 5201, 311, 279, 19496, 889, 52468, 1862, 369, 279, 19730, 18711, 4379, 1359, 279, 5224, 1071, 13, 128001 ]
A Nutella jar may be to blame for causing a fire in London. The London Fire Brigade says the empty jar was set on a window sill and the glass refracted the sunlight, setting the blinds ablaze earlier this month. Fire investigator Charlie Pugsley says the idea of a glass jar causing a fire might sound far fetched, but he urges people to make sure they don't put glass near their windows. The homeowners daughter had been using the cleaned, empty jar to store hair ties and rubber bands.	106	[ 128000, 32, 18878, 6985, 30695, 1253, 387, 311, 19065, 369, 14718, 264, 4027, 304, 7295, 13, 578, 7295, 6785, 67314, 2795, 279, 4384, 30695, 574, 743, 389, 264, 3321, 85367, 323, 279, 9168, 19914, 22955, 279, 40120, 11, 6376, 279, 67161, 98492, 10033, 6931, 420, 2305, 13, 220, 6785, 49581, 25972, 393, 13602, 3258, 2795, 279, 4623, 315, 264, 9168, 30695, 14718, 264, 4027, 2643, 5222, 3117, 42542, 11, 719, 568, 63937, 1274, 311, 1304, 2771, 814, 1541, 956, 2231, 9168, 3221, 872, 11276, 13, 578, 40962, 10003, 1047, 1027, 1701, 279, 28822, 11, 4384, 30695, 311, 3637, 7013, 20405, 323, 23506, 21562, 627, 128001 ]
INDIRECT Function and adding cells across multiple sheets ... and Sheet3 and have made that a named range (Sheets). This range will be updated every time a new sheet ... For the detailed step-by-step guidance on how to use INDIRECT with Excel Data Validation, please check out this tutorial: How to make a dependent drop down list in Excel. Excel INDIRECT function - possible errors and issues. As demonstrated in the above examples, the INDIRECT function is quite helpful when dealing with cell and range references. Named range - a range of values which we want to sum; Setting up Your Data. Figure 1. Indirect named range different sheet. We will now look at the example to explain in detail how to reference the named range to another sheet. Let's start with examining the structure of the data that we will use.Replied to How to create dynamic named ranges in Google Sheets (Ben Collins). See how you can use the INDIRECT function to create dynamic named ranges in Google Sheets, which expand automatically if new values are added to the range.INDIRECT Function and adding cells across multiple sheets ... and Sheet3 and have made that a named range (Sheets). This range will be updated every time a new sheet ... Create pivot tables in Google Sheets. Select all the data (including the headers) by selecting the corner cell or pressing Ctrl + A. Select Data and then Pivot tables from the menu. Google Sheets will create a new sheet with a blank grid. Select which rows, columns, values, and filters to use from the right menu. How to select random cells from a list in Google sheets? This article, I will introduce some ways to select random cells from a list in Google sheets and Excel worksheet. Select random cells from a list in Google sheets with formula. Select random cells from a list in Excel worksheet with Kutools for ExcelAccess Google Sheets with a free Google account (for personal use) or G Suite account (for business use). My spreadsheet has 100+ sheets, one for each month going back 10 years, named in this format: 2007-01, 2007-02, 2007-03, etc. I want to make a simple summary sheet that displays the value of D3 in each monthly sheet.Tags: excel spreadsheet formulas list, excel spreadsheet formulas list pdf, google sheet function list, google sheets drop down list formula, google sheets list of formulas, google sheets sum of list, google spreadsheet formulas list, list formulas in a spreadsheet, list of spreadsheet formulas, list of spreadsheet formulas and functions ...Do you know the role of Indirect function in Conditional Formatting in Google Sheets? If not follow this tutorial. Here you can find a very useful conditional formatting example and also learn to use Indirect Function in Google Sheets Conditional Formatting.> How to create dynamic drop down list based on name range in Microsoft Excel. ... We will use INDIRECT function & Name Manager. ... Google serves cookies to analyse traffic to this site. Information about your use of our site is shared with Google for that purpose. Accept.	639	[ 128000, 5358, 10417, 5830, 323, 7999, 7917, 4028, 5361, 25112, 2564, 323, 28841, 18, 323, 617, 1903, 430, 264, 7086, 2134, 320, 8100, 1441, 570, 1115, 2134, 690, 387, 6177, 1475, 892, 264, 502, 11071, 2564, 1789, 279, 11944, 3094, 14656, 30308, 19351, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 28171, 449, 21705, 2956, 19490, 11, 4587, 1817, 704, 420, 22237, 25, 2650, 311, 1304, 264, 18222, 6068, 1523, 1160, 304, 21705, 13, 21705, 28171, 734, 482, 3284, 6103, 323, 4819, 13, 1666, 21091, 304, 279, 3485, 10507, 11, 279, 28171, 734, 374, 5115, 11190, 994, 14892, 449, 2849, 323, 2134, 15407, 627, 16187, 2134, 482, 264, 2134, 315, 2819, 902, 584, 1390, 311, 2694, 26, 20638, 709, 4718, 2956, 13, 19575, 220, 16, 13, 2314, 1248, 7086, 2134, 2204, 11071, 13, 1226, 690, 1457, 1427, 520, 279, 3187, 311, 10552, 304, 7872, 1268, 311, 5905, 279, 7086, 2134, 311, 2500, 11071, 13, 6914, 596, 1212, 449, 38936, 279, 6070, 315, 279, 828, 430, 584, 690, 1005, 2887, 3523, 311, 2650, 311, 1893, 8915, 7086, 21986, 304, 5195, 61572, 320, 25584, 29770, 570, 3580, 1268, 499, 649, 1005, 279, 28171, 734, 311, 1893, 8915, 7086, 21986, 304, 5195, 61572, 11, 902, 9407, 9651, 422, 502, 2819, 527, 3779, 311, 279, 2134, 13, 5358, 10417, 5830, 323, 7999, 7917, 4028, 5361, 25112, 2564, 323, 28841, 18, 323, 617, 1903, 430, 264, 7086, 2134, 320, 8100, 1441, 570, 1115, 2134, 690, 387, 6177, 1475, 892, 264, 502, 11071, 2564, 4324, 27137, 12920, 304, 5195, 61572, 13, 8593, 682, 279, 828, 320, 16564, 279, 7247, 8, 555, 27397, 279, 9309, 2849, 477, 26422, 38114, 489, 362, 13, 8593, 2956, 323, 1243, 98993, 12920, 505, 279, 5130, 13, 5195, 61572, 690, 1893, 264, 502, 11071, 449, 264, 10321, 5950, 13, 8593, 902, 7123, 11, 8310, 11, 2819, 11, 323, 13711, 311, 1005, 505, 279, 1314, 5130, 627, 4438, 311, 3373, 4288, 7917, 505, 264, 1160, 304, 5195, 25112, 30, 1115, 4652, 11, 358, 690, 19678, 1063, 5627, 311, 3373, 4288, 7917, 505, 264, 1160, 304, 5195, 25112, 323, 21705, 37736, 13, 8593, 4288, 7917, 505, 264, 1160, 304, 5195, 25112, 449, 15150, 13, 8593, 4288, 7917, 505, 264, 1160, 304, 21705, 37736, 449, 735, 1564, 3145, 369, 21705, 6182, 5195, 61572, 449, 264, 1949, 5195, 2759, 320, 2000, 4443, 1005, 8, 477, 480, 21652, 2759, 320, 2000, 2626, 1005, 4390, 5159, 46986, 706, 220, 1041, 10, 25112, 11, 832, 369, 1855, 2305, 2133, 1203, 220, 605, 1667, 11, 7086, 304, 420, 3645, 25, 220, 1049, 22, 12, 1721, 11, 220, 1049, 22, 12, 2437, 11, 220, 1049, 22, 12, 2839, 11, 5099, 13, 358, 1390, 311, 1304, 264, 4382, 12399, 11071, 430, 19207, 279, 907, 315, 423, 18, 304, 1855, 15438, 11071, 74622, 25, 25555, 46986, 55179, 1160, 11, 25555, 46986, 55179, 1160, 13072, 11, 11819, 11071, 734, 1160, 11, 11819, 25112, 6068, 1523, 1160, 15150, 11, 11819, 25112, 1160, 315, 55179, 11, 11819, 25112, 2694, 315, 1160, 11, 11819, 46986, 55179, 1160, 11, 1160, 55179, 304, 264, 46986, 11, 1160, 315, 46986, 55179, 11, 1160, 315, 46986, 55179, 323, 5865, 2564, 5519, 499, 1440, 279, 3560, 315, 2314, 1248, 734, 304, 93073, 90688, 304, 5195, 61572, 30, 1442, 539, 1833, 420, 22237, 13, 5810, 499, 649, 1505, 264, 1633, 5505, 35787, 37666, 3187, 323, 1101, 4048, 311, 1005, 2314, 1248, 5830, 304, 5195, 61572, 93073, 90688, 13, 29, 2650, 311, 1893, 8915, 6068, 1523, 1160, 3196, 389, 836, 2134, 304, 5210, 21705, 13, 2564, 1226, 690, 1005, 28171, 734, 612, 4076, 10790, 13, 2564, 5195, 17482, 8443, 311, 49586, 9629, 311, 420, 2816, 13, 8245, 922, 701, 1005, 315, 1057, 2816, 374, 6222, 449, 5195, 369, 430, 7580, 13, 21496, 13, 128001 ]
from the February 8, 2008 edition Pristina, Kosovo - Kosovo's bid for independence edged a step closer this week with the news that the new state's constitution, flag, and national emblem are to be decided in parliament in coming days. After months of drafting, senior officials in the Kosovo government have said that the constitution upon which the new state will rest is almost complete, and they have short-listed designs for the flag and emblem. The short list was supposed to be kept secret, but a source close to the Kosovo Symbols Commission, tasked with choosing the flag, described the final three designs that are to be presented to the parliament for selection. The first, according to the source, is an outline of a map of Kosovo on a blue background, with yellow stars representing the aspiring state's ambition of eventual membership in the European Union. The second is a simple tricolor of red, white, and black vertical stripes. The third design is identical, but carries a spiral motif on the white segment. The three designs have been whittled down from almost 1,000 entries in a public competition launched last year. The. The competition attracted entries from as far as New Zealand and South Africa. There were even seven entries from Serbia. The parliament will be presented with the designs, one of which must secure two-thirds of a parliamentary vote to be adopted. The new national flag and emblem are expected to be revealed on the day the province declares independence from Serbia..	311	[ 128000, 1527, 279, 7552, 220, 23, 11, 220, 1049, 23, 14002, 198, 47, 2889, 2259, 11, 80997, 482, 80997, 596, 14435, 369, 24589, 90663, 264, 3094, 12401, 420, 2046, 449, 279, 3754, 430, 279, 502, 1614, 596, 16812, 11, 5292, 11, 323, 5426, 198, 336, 10329, 527, 311, 387, 6773, 304, 21814, 304, 5108, 2919, 627, 6153, 4038, 315, 59000, 11, 10195, 7510, 304, 279, 80997, 3109, 617, 1071, 430, 279, 16812, 5304, 902, 279, 502, 1614, 198, 14724, 2800, 374, 4661, 4686, 11, 323, 814, 617, 2875, 9206, 291, 14769, 369, 279, 5292, 323, 67374, 627, 791, 2875, 1160, 574, 10171, 311, 387, 8774, 6367, 11, 719, 264, 2592, 3345, 311, 279, 80997, 84680, 9849, 11, 51920, 449, 19301, 279, 198, 10104, 11, 7633, 279, 1620, 2380, 14769, 430, 527, 311, 387, 10666, 311, 279, 21814, 369, 6727, 627, 791, 1176, 11, 4184, 311, 279, 2592, 11, 374, 459, 21782, 315, 264, 2472, 315, 80997, 389, 264, 6437, 4092, 11, 449, 14071, 9958, 14393, 198, 1820, 60213, 1614, 596, 45715, 315, 42835, 16250, 304, 279, 7665, 9323, 13, 578, 2132, 374, 264, 4382, 490, 74909, 315, 2579, 11, 4251, 345, 438, 3776, 12414, 55788, 13, 578, 4948, 2955, 374, 20086, 11, 719, 24266, 264, 42197, 60612, 389, 279, 4251, 10449, 627, 791, 2380, 14769, 617, 1027, 421, 1468, 839, 1523, 505, 4661, 220, 16, 11, 931, 10925, 304, 264, 586, 10937, 11887, 1566, 1060, 13, 578, 627, 791, 10937, 29123, 10925, 505, 439, 3117, 439, 1561, 17340, 323, 4987, 10384, 13, 2684, 1051, 1524, 8254, 10925, 505, 59814, 627, 791, 21814, 690, 387, 10666, 449, 279, 14769, 11, 832, 315, 902, 2011, 9966, 1403, 45726, 315, 264, 44250, 7055, 311, 387, 18306, 627, 791, 502, 5426, 5292, 323, 67374, 527, 3685, 311, 387, 10675, 389, 279, 1938, 279, 17271, 50888, 24589, 505, 59814, 497, 128001 ]
The EMS Division is responsible for the readiness, response and serviceability of apparatus designed to perform emergency medical treatment and transport functions. The Miami Valley Fire District provides Advance Life Support (ALS) from personnel certified by the Ohio Department of Public Safety and governed by the Greater Miami Valley EMS Council. This service is administered through the use of five first response ALS medical units. Requests for fire and emergency medical assistance are channeled through the Regional Dispatch Center. Following standardized “Emergency Medical Dispatch” protocols, fire and emergency medical units are dispatched to EMS incidents. Personnel are certified to the levels of Emergency Medical Responder (EMR), Emergency Medical Technician-Advanced (EMT-A) and Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic (EMT-P). All career firefighting personnel maintain the highest certification, EMT-Paramedic. The re-certification of the membership is administered pursuant to Ohio Department of Public Safety re certification requirements. All Emergency Personnel are required to complete 86 hours of medical refresher training every three years that is compliant with Ohio Department of Public Safety Standards. The training is broken out into several different disciplines which include cardiac, trauma, pediatric, geriatric and general topics. By completing these requirements the EMS personnel stay current on all aspects of new trends and advancements in emergency medical care. EMS personnel also complete annual standing orders protocol testing and skills assessment developed by the regional Physicians Advisory Board (RPAB) and hospital EMS coordinators. By completing this annual testing the district is permitted to participate in the Greater Miami Valley Emergency Medical Services Council (GMVEMSC) one to one drug bag exchange when used on an EMS incident and is funded by the Greater Dayton Area Hospital Association (GDAHA). By participating in this program the district does not have to purchase and maintain a life-saving drug cache which saves taxpayers thousands of dollars annually. The Miami Valley Fire District operates under the auspices of dual medical advisors. Dr. Randy Marriott and Dr. Scott Ballenier serve as co-medical advisors. The district averages more than 5000 EMS runs annually with approximately over 80% of those patients are transported to area hospitals.	430	[ 128000, 791, 71165, 14829, 374, 8647, 369, 279, 62792, 11, 2077, 323, 2532, 2968, 315, 41705, 6319, 311, 2804, 13147, 6593, 6514, 323, 7710, 5865, 13, 578, 18045, 13345, 6785, 11182, 5825, 47396, 9601, 9365, 320, 47837, 8, 505, 17274, 23759, 555, 279, 14689, 6011, 315, 3142, 19220, 323, 27800, 555, 279, 33381, 18045, 13345, 71165, 9251, 13, 1115, 2532, 374, 38018, 1555, 279, 1005, 315, 4330, 1176, 2077, 39523, 6593, 8316, 13, 51982, 369, 4027, 323, 13147, 6593, 13291, 527, 523, 20991, 839, 1555, 279, 26361, 21817, 5955, 13, 23548, 51114, 1054, 80069, 13235, 21817, 863, 32885, 11, 4027, 323, 13147, 6593, 8316, 527, 50251, 311, 71165, 24455, 13, 71077, 527, 23759, 311, 279, 5990, 315, 32708, 13235, 1838, 20949, 320, 2783, 49, 705, 32708, 13235, 60156, 12, 36557, 320, 2783, 51, 6830, 8, 323, 32708, 13235, 60156, 12, 2044, 34383, 320, 2783, 51, 9483, 4390, 2460, 7076, 38703, 287, 17274, 10519, 279, 8592, 28706, 11, 469, 8673, 12, 2044, 34383, 13, 578, 312, 62134, 2461, 315, 279, 16250, 374, 38018, 33549, 311, 14689, 6011, 315, 3142, 19220, 312, 28706, 8670, 13, 2052, 32708, 71077, 527, 2631, 311, 4686, 220, 4218, 4207, 315, 6593, 2098, 86524, 4967, 1475, 2380, 1667, 430, 374, 49798, 449, 14689, 6011, 315, 3142, 19220, 35653, 13, 578, 4967, 374, 11102, 704, 1139, 3892, 2204, 49255, 902, 2997, 47345, 11, 30988, 11, 53166, 11, 17684, 23336, 323, 4689, 13650, 13, 3296, 27666, 1521, 8670, 279, 71165, 17274, 4822, 1510, 389, 682, 13878, 315, 502, 18845, 323, 83787, 304, 13147, 6593, 2512, 13, 71165, 17274, 1101, 4686, 9974, 11509, 10373, 11766, 7649, 323, 7512, 15813, 8040, 555, 279, 15481, 88599, 45013, 8925, 320, 22394, 1905, 8, 323, 8952, 71165, 30478, 3046, 13, 3296, 27666, 420, 9974, 7649, 279, 9474, 374, 15480, 311, 16136, 304, 279, 33381, 18045, 13345, 32708, 13235, 8471, 9251, 320, 21287, 53, 2783, 3624, 8, 832, 311, 832, 5623, 9145, 9473, 994, 1511, 389, 459, 71165, 10672, 323, 374, 24853, 555, 279, 33381, 49273, 12299, 15429, 10229, 320, 38, 6486, 17455, 570, 3296, 24435, 304, 420, 2068, 279, 9474, 1587, 539, 617, 311, 7782, 323, 10519, 264, 2324, 59085, 5623, 6636, 902, 27024, 35748, 9214, 315, 11441, 30171, 13, 578, 18045, 13345, 6785, 11182, 27149, 1234, 279, 90196, 1238, 315, 19091, 6593, 58784, 13, 2999, 13, 46315, 76922, 323, 2999, 13, 10016, 13131, 268, 1291, 8854, 439, 1080, 45872, 950, 58784, 13, 578, 9474, 49920, 810, 1109, 220, 2636, 15, 71165, 8640, 30171, 449, 13489, 927, 220, 1490, 4, 315, 1884, 6978, 527, 40460, 311, 3158, 24461, 13, 128001 ]
👎 In general, the water in Monte Carlo is not safe to drink. We are working on providing you with scientific reports about the water quality in Monte Carlo, if you know a reliable source for that feel free to shoot us a message in the chat below! 1 adult could save about 788$ per year in Monte Carlo by drinking tap water instead of buying bottled water. Even though drinking water might be considered safe, if you plan to travel to Monte Carlo, consider talking to your local contact to verify that. Old pipes could be leaking toxic material or water in that specific country could contain heavy metals or bacteria.	128	[ 128000, 9468, 239, 236, 763, 4689, 11, 279, 3090, 304, 46867, 58870, 374, 539, 6220, 311, 7172, 627, 1687, 527, 3318, 389, 8405, 499, 449, 12624, 6821, 922, 279, 3090, 4367, 304, 46867, 58870, 11, 422, 499, 1440, 264, 15062, 2592, 369, 430, 2733, 1949, 311, 6230, 603, 264, 1984, 304, 279, 6369, 3770, 4999, 16, 6822, 1436, 3665, 922, 220, 24216, 3, 824, 1060, 304, 46867, 58870, 555, 16558, 15596, 3090, 4619, 315, 12096, 72178, 3090, 627, 13461, 3582, 16558, 3090, 2643, 387, 6646, 6220, 11, 422, 499, 3197, 311, 5944, 311, 46867, 58870, 11, 2980, 7556, 311, 701, 2254, 3729, 311, 10356, 430, 13, 10846, 32275, 1436, 387, 52929, 21503, 3769, 477, 3090, 304, 430, 3230, 3224, 1436, 6782, 8987, 37182, 477, 24032, 627, 128001 ]
January is Human Trafficking Awareness Month. Human trafficking is modern day slavery. Although the legal practice of slavery was abolished in most of the world long ago, the exploitation of people by others has continued in all of its various forms. This includes bonded servitude, slave labor, sex slavery, forced child soldiers, and more. Human trafficking involves the transport of individuals by deception, coercion, or force for the purposes of exploitation and financial or material gain of another person or entity. Here are ten things you need to know about trafficking including ways you can help here in Vermont and what we are doing at The University of Vermont Medical Center to help victims of human trafficking: - It is estimated that up to 27 million people worldwide are enslaved. This is more than all the slaves at the height of the transatlantic slave trade. This Immoral Trade by Baroness Caroline Cox is an authoritative summary of the epidemic of modern day slavery. - Trafficked victims do not need to cross country, state, or even city limits to be trafficked and exploited. Read The Slave Across the Street by Theresa Flores or Renting Lacy by Linda Smith. - Trafficked victims live and “work” right here in Vermont. Sex slaves in particular are found “for sale” on websites like Craig’s List and Backpage. - Polaris Project helps monitor anti-trafficking laws and statistics in each of the 50 states. - The Department of Homeland Security is leading the way in the federal government to fight human trafficking. On their website, you can see the most up to date information on legislation, federal agencies and programs to assist victims of trafficking, and even the national hotline to report suspected trafficking. - January is Human Trafficking Awareness Month. There are a myriad of nonprofit organizations in the US and around the world working to raise awareness about modern day slavery. Give Way to Freedom is one such organization located right here in Vermont. - Major sporting events in the US and around the world are notoriously huge draws for adult and child sex slaves. It is estimated that the Olympics, the Super Bowl, and the World Cup are the three largest sex slave sporting events in the world. See End It Movement’s awareness video about this serious issue. - It is possible for victims of trafficking to be rescued and restored to become healthy, productive people. Read Ishmael Beah’s incredible journey in A Long Way Gone. - Teaching internet safety to kids is vital to protect them from predators and child sex traffickers. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children have a fabulous educational website. - A group of educators and anti-human trafficking advocates at UVM’s College of Medicine is developing a curriculum to teach medical students, medical professionals, and others how to recognize and assist potential victims of human trafficking. There is a growing body of educational materials to train medical personnel, such as CMDA’s online curriculum. Rachel DiSanto, MD, is a clinical assistant professor for the Department of Family Medicine at The University of Vermont Medical Center and a practicing family physician at North Country Hospital in Newport, Vermont.	641	[ 128000, 33327, 374, 11344, 67848, 16671, 63135, 19961, 627, 35075, 34563, 374, 6617, 1938, 33792, 13, 10541, 279, 5897, 6725, 315, 33792, 574, 81081, 304, 1455, 315, 279, 1917, 1317, 4227, 11, 279, 40761, 315, 1274, 555, 3885, 706, 8738, 304, 682, 315, 1202, 5370, 7739, 13, 1115, 5764, 70241, 4958, 3993, 11, 20985, 9511, 11, 1877, 33792, 11, 9770, 1716, 15201, 11, 323, 810, 13, 11344, 34563, 18065, 279, 7710, 315, 7931, 555, 64575, 11, 78242, 11, 477, 5457, 369, 279, 10096, 315, 40761, 323, 6020, 477, 3769, 8895, 315, 2500, 1732, 477, 5502, 627, 8586, 527, 5899, 2574, 499, 1205, 311, 1440, 922, 34563, 2737, 5627, 499, 649, 1520, 1618, 304, 35739, 323, 1148, 584, 527, 3815, 520, 578, 3907, 315, 35739, 13235, 5955, 311, 1520, 12697, 315, 3823, 34563, 512, 12, 1102, 374, 13240, 430, 709, 311, 220, 1544, 3610, 1274, 15603, 527, 95389, 13, 1115, 374, 810, 1109, 682, 279, 32760, 520, 279, 2673, 315, 279, 1380, 60435, 8322, 20985, 6696, 13, 1115, 15695, 10020, 17657, 555, 54007, 434, 54491, 39760, 374, 459, 65693, 12399, 315, 279, 42620, 315, 6617, 1938, 33792, 627, 12, 67848, 19011, 12697, 656, 539, 1205, 311, 5425, 3224, 11, 1614, 11, 477, 1524, 3363, 13693, 311, 387, 8422, 19011, 323, 51763, 13, 4557, 578, 60468, 58237, 279, 6825, 555, 43812, 74052, 477, 30837, 287, 445, 2826, 555, 39162, 9259, 627, 12, 67848, 19011, 12697, 3974, 323, 1054, 1816, 863, 1314, 1618, 304, 35739, 13, 6834, 32760, 304, 4040, 527, 1766, 1054, 2000, 6412, 863, 389, 13335, 1093, 29517, 753, 1796, 323, 6984, 2964, 627, 12, 3735, 42960, 5907, 8779, 8891, 7294, 80367, 544, 16671, 7016, 323, 13443, 304, 1855, 315, 279, 220, 1135, 5415, 627, 12, 578, 6011, 315, 44804, 8398, 374, 6522, 279, 1648, 304, 279, 6918, 3109, 311, 4465, 3823, 34563, 13, 1952, 872, 3997, 11, 499, 649, 1518, 279, 1455, 709, 311, 2457, 2038, 389, 13543, 11, 6918, 13607, 323, 7620, 311, 7945, 12697, 315, 34563, 11, 323, 1524, 279, 5426, 92975, 311, 1934, 24740, 34563, 627, 12, 6186, 374, 11344, 67848, 16671, 63135, 19961, 13, 2684, 527, 264, 52909, 315, 33184, 11351, 304, 279, 2326, 323, 2212, 279, 1917, 3318, 311, 4933, 17985, 922, 6617, 1938, 33792, 13, 21335, 12424, 311, 25320, 374, 832, 1778, 7471, 7559, 1314, 1618, 304, 35739, 627, 12, 17559, 36027, 4455, 304, 279, 2326, 323, 2212, 279, 1917, 527, 73835, 6908, 27741, 369, 6822, 323, 1716, 1877, 32760, 13, 1102, 374, 13240, 430, 279, 33063, 11, 279, 7445, 20904, 11, 323, 279, 4435, 11098, 527, 279, 2380, 7928, 1877, 20985, 36027, 4455, 304, 279, 1917, 13, 3580, 4060, 1102, 29098, 753, 17985, 2835, 922, 420, 6129, 4360, 627, 12, 1102, 374, 3284, 369, 12697, 315, 34563, 311, 387, 45433, 323, 28101, 311, 3719, 9498, 11, 27331, 1274, 13, 4557, 57704, 1764, 301, 2893, 1494, 753, 15400, 11879, 304, 362, 5843, 12424, 56355, 627, 12, 45377, 7757, 7296, 311, 6980, 374, 16595, 311, 6144, 1124, 505, 56217, 323, 1716, 1877, 8422, 40189, 13, 578, 5165, 5955, 369, 36364, 323, 7943, 385, 1639, 15394, 617, 264, 35631, 16627, 3997, 627, 12, 362, 1912, 315, 50794, 323, 7294, 70095, 34563, 28424, 520, 549, 11435, 753, 9304, 315, 19152, 374, 11469, 264, 30676, 311, 4639, 6593, 4236, 11, 6593, 15749, 11, 323, 3885, 1268, 311, 15641, 323, 7945, 4754, 12697, 315, 3823, 34563, 13, 2684, 374, 264, 7982, 2547, 315, 16627, 7384, 311, 5542, 6593, 17274, 11, 1778, 439, 28011, 32, 753, 2930, 30676, 627, 84978, 7923, 50, 13873, 11, 14306, 11, 374, 264, 14830, 18328, 14561, 369, 279, 6011, 315, 12517, 19152, 520, 578, 3907, 315, 35739, 13235, 5955, 323, 264, 36666, 3070, 28378, 520, 4892, 14438, 15429, 304, 59900, 11, 35739, 13, 128001 ]
<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: BZ1918270 - update Azure storage class kind annotations in docs username_0: [BZ1918270](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1918270) Changed annotation to denote that `kind: Dedicated` in Azure Disk storage class is not supported by Red Hat. Also, updated recommendation in Azure File to use `volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer`. For OCP 4.4+. <issue_comment>username_0: PREVIEW LINKS: - Adds note that `kind: Dedicated` is not supported by Red Hat: Post-installation configuration -> Storage configuration -> Azure Disk object definition https://deploy-preview-28932--osdocs.netlify.app/openshift-enterprise/latest/post_installation_configuration/storage-configuration.html#azure-disk-definition_post-install-storage-configuration - Adds note that `kind: Dedicated` is not supported by Red Hat: Storage -> Persistent storage using Azure Disk -> Creating the Azure storage class - https://deploy-preview-28932--osdocs.netlify.app/openshift-enterprise/latest/storage/persistent_storage/persistent-storage-azure.html#storage-create-azure-storage-class_persistent-storage-azure - Updates doc to `volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer`: Storage -> Dynamic provisioning -> Azure Disk object definition - https://deploy-preview-28932--osdocs.netlify.app/openshift-enterprise/latest/storage/dynamic-provisioning.html#azure-file-definition_dynamic-provisioning - Updates doc to `volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer`: Storage -> Dynamic provisioning -> Azure Disk object definition - https://deploy-preview-28932--osdocs.netlify.app/openshift-enterprise/latest/storage/dynamic-provisioning.html#azure-disk-definition_dynamic-provisioning <issue_comment>username_0: @jsafrane PTAL for SME review and LMK if the "unsupported" wording accurately captures your recommendation. <issue_comment>username_0: @username_1 PTAL for QE review <issue_comment>username_1: @username_0 Thanks for the update, added some comments. <issue_comment>username_0: Thanks for the review, @username_1. I've addressed what I could but need further clarification on a few things from you and @jsafrane. <issue_comment>username_0: @openshift/team-documentation PTAL <issue_comment>username_0: /cherrypick enterprise-4.7 <issue_comment>username_0: /cherrypick enterprise-4.6	679	[ 128000, 27, 11407, 5011, 1822, 11407, 18104, 86379, 25, 426, 57, 7529, 24920, 15, 482, 2713, 35219, 5942, 538, 3169, 33307, 304, 27437, 198, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 510, 33, 57, 7529, 24920, 15, 9725, 2485, 1129, 2365, 19890, 17787, 9379, 916, 35275, 74332, 60114, 20970, 28, 7529, 24920, 15, 8, 47394, 21917, 311, 79164, 430, 1595, 15674, 25, 96658, 63, 304, 35219, 39968, 5942, 538, 374, 539, 7396, 555, 3816, 22050, 13, 7429, 11, 6177, 28782, 304, 35219, 2958, 311, 1005, 1595, 26116, 15409, 3720, 25, 38701, 5451, 31068, 63, 3304, 2520, 507, 7269, 220, 19, 13, 19, 10, 627, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 3146, 17809, 21709, 41591, 50, 68063, 881, 12, 25483, 5296, 430, 1595, 15674, 25, 96658, 63, 374, 539, 7396, 555, 3816, 22050, 2904, 334, 4226, 58999, 367, 6683, 1492, 15035, 6683, 1492, 35219, 39968, 1665, 7419, 334, 3788, 1129, 36894, 51981, 12, 17212, 843, 313, 437, 14452, 5181, 56600, 1632, 14, 25149, 48933, 49315, 9868, 34249, 31096, 35345, 367, 36826, 54445, 12, 21822, 2628, 2, 40595, 1773, 3267, 90150, 6467, 58999, 63895, 12, 21822, 881, 12, 25483, 5296, 430, 1595, 15674, 25, 96658, 63, 374, 539, 7396, 555, 3816, 22050, 2904, 334, 5913, 1492, 67644, 5942, 1701, 35219, 39968, 1492, 32406, 279, 35219, 5942, 538, 334, 482, 3788, 1129, 36894, 51981, 12, 17212, 843, 313, 437, 14452, 5181, 56600, 1632, 14, 25149, 48933, 49315, 9868, 34249, 54445, 4420, 14256, 24192, 4420, 14256, 63895, 12, 40595, 2628, 2, 16568, 40779, 12, 40595, 63895, 15144, 623, 14256, 63895, 12, 40595, 881, 12, 28600, 4733, 311, 1595, 26116, 15409, 3720, 25, 38701, 5451, 31068, 63, 2904, 334, 5913, 1492, 22648, 98156, 1492, 35219, 39968, 1665, 7419, 334, 482, 3788, 1129, 36894, 51981, 12, 17212, 843, 313, 437, 14452, 5181, 56600, 1632, 14, 25149, 48933, 49315, 9868, 34249, 54445, 3529, 5148, 10039, 13311, 287, 2628, 2, 40595, 14537, 90150, 47092, 10039, 13311, 287, 881, 12, 28600, 4733, 311, 1595, 26116, 15409, 3720, 25, 38701, 5451, 31068, 63, 2904, 334, 5913, 1492, 22648, 98156, 1492, 35219, 39968, 1665, 7419, 334, 482, 3788, 1129, 36894, 51981, 12, 17212, 843, 313, 437, 14452, 5181, 56600, 1632, 14, 25149, 48933, 49315, 9868, 34249, 54445, 3529, 5148, 10039, 13311, 287, 2628, 2, 40595, 1773, 3267, 90150, 47092, 10039, 13311, 287, 198, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 571, 2580, 64, 1658, 2194, 19932, 984, 369, 79867, 3477, 323, 445, 45240, 422, 279, 330, 82245, 1, 61327, 30357, 41255, 701, 28782, 627, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 571, 5223, 62, 16, 19932, 984, 369, 100116, 3477, 198, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 16, 25, 571, 5223, 62, 15, 11361, 369, 279, 2713, 11, 3779, 1063, 6170, 627, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 11361, 369, 279, 3477, 11, 571, 5223, 62, 16, 13, 358, 3077, 20669, 1148, 358, 1436, 719, 1205, 4726, 64784, 389, 264, 2478, 2574, 505, 499, 323, 571, 2580, 64, 1658, 2194, 627, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 571, 25149, 48933, 79115, 83333, 367, 19932, 984, 198, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 611, 331, 618, 1100, 875, 20790, 12, 19, 13, 22, 198, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 611, 331, 618, 1100, 875, 20790, 12, 19, 13, 21, 128001 ]
Anju Verma and Shlok Jhawar, Class 8 students who are pursuing their studies at Delhi Public School, Bangalore designed a robot which will help to locate the people who are trapped in disaster zones. The main reason behind designing the robot is that these students were deeply moved by the earthquake that occurred in Nepal in the year 2015. They felt sad that the rescue teams could not save many people who were trapped. In most of the cases, these rescue teams had risked their life and tried to save the people. Deeply moved by this incident, the students have decided to create a robot which will help the rescue teams in tracing out the trapped victims in disaster zones. The students have been working for the past one and half year to create the robot and achieved success. They tested the robot, and it gave positive results. They named their recovery and surveillance robot as Recon Rover. The robot consists of an infrared sensor which can pick up the presence of humans. It avoids obstacles through three ultrasonic sensors. It took one year and eight months to design the robot. They exhibited their plan to design the robot in the national instruments' annual design competition which took in 2015. The name of the competition is Niyantra 2015. After getting the positive response for their plan in the competition, the students have decided to design the surveillance robot and made it possible. When questioned about the aim of these two students, they revealed that they want to pursue robotics and engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).	306	[ 128000, 2127, 8783, 6383, 1764, 323, 1443, 62031, 622, 71, 675, 277, 11, 3308, 220, 23, 4236, 889, 527, 34118, 872, 7978, 520, 22767, 3142, 6150, 11, 59225, 6319, 264, 12585, 902, 690, 1520, 311, 25539, 279, 1274, 889, 527, 31691, 304, 21426, 26467, 13, 578, 1925, 2944, 4920, 30829, 279, 12585, 374, 430, 1521, 4236, 1051, 17693, 7882, 555, 279, 38413, 430, 10222, 304, 50064, 304, 279, 1060, 220, 679, 20, 13, 2435, 6612, 12703, 430, 279, 17629, 7411, 1436, 539, 3665, 1690, 1274, 889, 1051, 31691, 13, 763, 1455, 315, 279, 5157, 11, 1521, 17629, 7411, 1047, 5326, 291, 872, 2324, 323, 6818, 311, 3665, 279, 1274, 627, 34564, 398, 7882, 555, 420, 10672, 11, 279, 4236, 617, 6773, 311, 1893, 264, 12585, 902, 690, 1520, 279, 17629, 7411, 304, 46515, 704, 279, 31691, 12697, 304, 21426, 26467, 13, 578, 4236, 617, 1027, 3318, 369, 279, 3347, 832, 323, 4376, 1060, 311, 1893, 279, 12585, 323, 17427, 2450, 13, 2435, 12793, 279, 12585, 11, 323, 433, 6688, 6928, 3135, 13, 2435, 7086, 872, 13654, 323, 22156, 12585, 439, 84081, 53276, 627, 791, 12585, 17610, 315, 459, 59141, 12271, 902, 649, 3820, 709, 279, 9546, 315, 12966, 13, 1102, 55952, 32116, 1555, 2380, 37232, 43375, 26148, 13, 1102, 3952, 832, 1060, 323, 8223, 4038, 311, 2955, 279, 12585, 13, 2435, 51713, 872, 3197, 311, 2955, 279, 12585, 304, 279, 5426, 24198, 6, 9974, 2955, 10937, 902, 3952, 304, 220, 679, 20, 13, 578, 836, 315, 279, 10937, 374, 22652, 8503, 2221, 220, 679, 20, 627, 6153, 3794, 279, 6928, 2077, 369, 872, 3197, 304, 279, 10937, 11, 279, 4236, 617, 6773, 311, 2955, 279, 22156, 12585, 323, 1903, 433, 3284, 627, 4599, 29440, 922, 279, 9395, 315, 1521, 1403, 4236, 11, 814, 10675, 430, 814, 1390, 311, 23564, 74706, 323, 15009, 520, 22108, 10181, 315, 12053, 320, 18836, 570, 128001 ]
A look at the history population and settlements of the pawnee indians The comanches were the first plains indians to use horses and relied heavily on the comanche began to raid these settlements, stealing pawnee women, who were. Plains indians: (pawnee, blackfoot indians attacked frontier settlements documents similar to native americanshandout. Pawnee indians the name is derived pawnee history some of the pawnee trace their origin to the southwest, some to the east population mooney (1928. From time to time this year we will take a look at some of of the pawnee indians the pawnee were massacre was that the pawnee nation was forced to. Nebraska historical marker: pawnee villages before the pawnee indians were placed on a at least 50 percent of the pawnee population died between 1825 and. A brief history of the indians of nebraska their first settlement in nebraska being near the mouth of the great nemaha river native american nations. Indian history contents part 1 indians of kansas and the paneassa (pawnee) long identified with the history of the settlement of the emigrant indians. Pawnee indians the pawnee indians when horse-riding apache indians began raiding the pawnee settlements the pawnee population has. The pawnee, reducing the population to pawnee/pawneehisthtm) pawnee indian history in kansas (. They dressed similarly to other plains indians whose people were being pushed by settlement the pawnee lands diminished in reduced by 1900 to a population. Sky chief of the pawnee tribe to what is now nebraska, the pawnee nation could boast of a population of some was an important event in the history of the. The pawnee was one of the earliest native american tribes to be described in the european historical record, and they were one of the largest groups to live and roam. Native americans the plains indian and the platte river pawnee in the context of the plains wars and expanding white settlement, absorbing indians into white. History assignment – the pawnee indians ways would be absorbed into the general population to others one might look into the perspective of the. The history of the pawnee indians olivia turner they had a population of about 10,000 people apache indians raided pawnee settlements. Pawnee indian museum state historic site this walled indian community with more than 40 large earth lodges and a winter population of 1,000 and look much like. History and stories of nebraska the pawnee nation lived in nebraska for many the pawnees were the most advanced in culture of any of the nebraska indians. Pawnee earth lodge buy tickets in the 1800s, settlements of up to fifty pawnee earth lodges dotted the plains of what is now nebraska today, this 38-foot-diameter. The pawnee indians are a native north american tribe now located in oklahoma. By 1900 the pawnee population had fallen to around (aka the chief whom they look upon) - pawnee native american history, native american indians, indian man. Facts about the pawnee indians a list of interesting facts about theses native american indian peoples history, culture, art, and more. - The pawnee (also paneassa, pari, pariki) are a caddoan-language native american tribe that historically lived along outlying tributaries of the missouri river: the. - The settlement they formed nearby became a trading post while the population of pawnee city may be considered small history of pawnee city. - Population history of indigenous threatened pawnee indians that if they didn't neutral lenape indian dignitaries during a peace settlement. - This combined with other factors such as dispossession from european/canadian settlements and numerous pawnee indians that if population history of. - What was the clothing of the pawnee indians a: quick answer pawnee women dressed in shirts made out of deerskin and large blouses us history q: what did. - Nebraska historical marker: pawnee from e nebraska history severely diminished the pawnee population a white man was found dead near a pawnee settlement. - The pawnee tribe had fought these other tribes for years the indians retaliated attempts at peaceful settlements resulted in payments of food.	921	[ 128000, 32, 1427, 520, 279, 3925, 7187, 323, 45704, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 198, 791, 470, 83281, 1051, 279, 1176, 78466, 1280, 5493, 311, 1005, 27928, 323, 41013, 17345, 389, 279, 470, 29097, 6137, 311, 25834, 1521, 45704, 11, 39098, 77938, 34191, 3278, 11, 889, 1051, 13, 63911, 1280, 5493, 25, 320, 79, 675, 34191, 11, 3776, 5447, 1280, 5493, 18855, 49100, 45704, 9477, 4528, 311, 10068, 66879, 598, 10888, 412, 13, 61071, 34191, 1280, 5493, 279, 836, 374, 14592, 77938, 34191, 3925, 1063, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 11917, 872, 6371, 311, 279, 54085, 11, 1063, 311, 279, 11226, 7187, 4647, 2596, 320, 5926, 23, 13, 5659, 892, 311, 892, 420, 1060, 584, 690, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 1063, 315, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 279, 77938, 34191, 1051, 49352, 574, 430, 279, 77938, 34191, 7140, 574, 9770, 311, 13, 38379, 13970, 11381, 25, 77938, 34191, 33889, 1603, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 1051, 9277, 389, 264, 520, 3325, 220, 1135, 3346, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 7187, 8636, 1990, 220, 10828, 20, 323, 13, 362, 10015, 3925, 315, 279, 1280, 5493, 315, 841, 34888, 872, 1176, 17516, 304, 841, 34888, 1694, 3221, 279, 11013, 315, 279, 2294, 24566, 13856, 15140, 10068, 39542, 17089, 627, 48664, 3925, 8970, 961, 220, 16, 1280, 5493, 315, 597, 14124, 323, 279, 38422, 56692, 320, 79, 675, 34191, 8, 1317, 11054, 449, 279, 3925, 315, 279, 17516, 315, 279, 991, 57119, 1280, 5493, 13, 61071, 34191, 1280, 5493, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 994, 15580, 12, 50780, 74506, 1280, 5493, 6137, 25834, 287, 279, 77938, 34191, 45704, 279, 77938, 34191, 7187, 706, 13, 578, 77938, 34191, 11, 18189, 279, 7187, 311, 77938, 34191, 4420, 675, 818, 2701, 380, 88472, 8, 77938, 34191, 43325, 3925, 304, 597, 14124, 30565, 2435, 26435, 30293, 311, 1023, 78466, 1280, 5493, 6832, 1274, 1051, 1694, 15753, 555, 17516, 279, 77938, 34191, 12098, 54182, 304, 11293, 555, 220, 7028, 15, 311, 264, 7187, 13, 15064, 10388, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 34671, 311, 1148, 374, 1457, 841, 34888, 11, 279, 77938, 34191, 7140, 1436, 59227, 315, 264, 7187, 315, 1063, 574, 459, 3062, 1567, 304, 279, 3925, 315, 279, 13, 578, 77938, 34191, 574, 832, 315, 279, 30758, 10068, 39542, 39503, 311, 387, 7633, 304, 279, 87019, 13970, 3335, 11, 323, 814, 1051, 832, 315, 279, 7928, 5315, 311, 3974, 323, 76067, 627, 21464, 66879, 598, 279, 78466, 43325, 323, 279, 46089, 668, 15140, 77938, 34191, 304, 279, 2317, 315, 279, 78466, 25981, 323, 24050, 4251, 17516, 11, 70275, 1280, 5493, 1139, 4251, 13, 11346, 16720, 1389, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 5627, 1053, 387, 42101, 1139, 279, 4689, 7187, 311, 3885, 832, 2643, 1427, 1139, 279, 13356, 315, 279, 627, 791, 3925, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 8492, 21475, 2543, 261, 814, 1047, 264, 7187, 315, 922, 220, 605, 11, 931, 1274, 74506, 1280, 5493, 79496, 77938, 34191, 45704, 13, 61071, 34191, 43325, 24925, 1614, 18526, 2816, 420, 289, 4841, 43325, 4029, 449, 810, 1109, 220, 1272, 3544, 9578, 36132, 4282, 323, 264, 12688, 7187, 315, 220, 16, 11, 931, 323, 1427, 1790, 1093, 13, 11346, 323, 7493, 315, 841, 34888, 279, 77938, 34191, 7140, 12439, 304, 841, 34888, 369, 1690, 279, 77938, 69819, 1051, 279, 1455, 11084, 304, 7829, 315, 904, 315, 279, 841, 34888, 1280, 5493, 13, 61071, 34191, 9578, 60891, 3780, 14741, 304, 279, 220, 5245, 15, 82, 11, 45704, 315, 709, 311, 33517, 77938, 34191, 9578, 36132, 4282, 59201, 279, 78466, 315, 1148, 374, 1457, 841, 34888, 3432, 11, 420, 220, 1987, 21117, 1773, 37144, 627, 791, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 527, 264, 10068, 10411, 39542, 34671, 1457, 7559, 304, 5509, 22863, 13, 3296, 220, 7028, 15, 279, 77938, 34191, 7187, 1047, 21536, 311, 2212, 320, 13637, 279, 10388, 8884, 814, 1427, 5304, 8, 482, 77938, 34191, 10068, 39542, 3925, 11, 10068, 39542, 1280, 5493, 11, 43325, 893, 627, 37, 11613, 922, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 264, 1160, 315, 7185, 13363, 922, 279, 9459, 10068, 39542, 43325, 32538, 3925, 11, 7829, 11, 1989, 11, 323, 810, 627, 12, 578, 77938, 34191, 320, 19171, 38422, 56692, 11, 68082, 11, 1370, 7723, 8, 527, 264, 272, 723, 78, 276, 44658, 10068, 39542, 34671, 430, 35901, 12439, 3235, 704, 6852, 14121, 332, 5548, 315, 279, 3194, 22185, 15140, 25, 279, 627, 12, 578, 17516, 814, 14454, 14373, 6244, 264, 11380, 1772, 1418, 279, 7187, 315, 77938, 34191, 3363, 1253, 387, 6646, 2678, 3925, 315, 77938, 34191, 3363, 627, 12, 40629, 3925, 315, 39678, 21699, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 430, 422, 814, 3287, 956, 21277, 2479, 2070, 43325, 28677, 275, 5548, 2391, 264, 9096, 17516, 627, 12, 1115, 11093, 449, 1023, 9547, 1778, 439, 54240, 6045, 505, 87019, 2971, 276, 10272, 45704, 323, 12387, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 430, 422, 7187, 3925, 315, 627, 12, 3639, 574, 279, 17895, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 264, 25, 4062, 4320, 77938, 34191, 3278, 26435, 304, 37824, 1903, 704, 315, 409, 388, 8148, 323, 3544, 1529, 20340, 603, 3925, 2874, 25, 1148, 1550, 627, 12, 38379, 13970, 11381, 25, 77938, 34191, 505, 384, 841, 34888, 3925, 35906, 54182, 279, 77938, 34191, 7187, 264, 4251, 893, 574, 1766, 5710, 3221, 264, 77938, 34191, 17516, 627, 12, 578, 77938, 34191, 34671, 1047, 21095, 1521, 1023, 39503, 369, 1667, 279, 1280, 5493, 91155, 660, 13865, 520, 26733, 45704, 19543, 304, 14507, 315, 3691, 13, 128001 ]
Commercial steam propulsion had been around from the early 19th century, the first regular passenger service in Europe was established in 1812 with the Comet between Glasgow and Helensburgh. Following British innovations the Americans developed steam vessels for use on their extensive inland waterways and lakes which, among other things, was the only practicable way to gain access to vast tracts of previously inaccessible territory. In the U.K., inland waterways approached full development at about the same time as the development of the railways which offered greater commercial prospects rendering inland waterway steam transport redundant almost as soon as it was introduced. The real opportunity for steam in the Great Britain lay in reliable intercontinental, rather than merely coastal, shipping bearing in mind how much of the world map was then coloured pink. Before about 1815 steamers were neither strong enough nor sufficiently powerful to be of use in open sea. The first regular sea-going steamship was the Rob Roy on the Glasgow to Belfast route. Cross channel steam services were inaugurated in 1821 and longer-distance coastal services followed in rapid succession e.g. in 1822 the James Watt between Leith and London followed by the United Kingdom on the same route in 1826. Apart from passengers typical cargo might be salmon from Scotland and beer back. These developments were seen as such a success that even their Lordships at the Admiralty could not avoid drawing the inevitable conclusion that there was more to steam than hot air and commissioned the first Royal Navy steam ship, another Comet launched in 1822 but not entered on the Navy list till 1831. The more influential H.M.S. Lightning was launched in 1823 and remained in service for fifty years. In spite of these advances in steam, there was considerable opposition to its use, and not just from sailors. Steam engines had an unpleasant characteristic; they converted the boats in which they were fitted into potential floating bombs. In America, where far greater numbers of these vessels were used than in the U.K., between 1816 and 1848 no fewer than 233 exploded. Sail was still seen as an attractive alternative! In spite of the urgent need for more reliable and quicker communication between Britain and her increasingly far-flung empire, a request for the introduction of a steamer to carry mails from Malta to Corfu was rejected by Lord Melville, then First Lord of the Admiralty, because they “felt it their bounden duty, upon national and professional ground, to discourage to the utmost of their ability, the employment of steam vessels, as they considered that the introduction of steam was calculated to strike a fatal blow to the naval Supremacy of the Empire...thin end of the wedge...lead to similar demands...other departments.” Such thinking evidently goes with the turf. However, it was good for sail as it meant that in 1830 sailing ships in Britain still outnumbered steam ships by seventy to one. Steam propulsion did not really take off in shipping until the development of efficient compound engines in the 1860s. Thereafter its dominance was rapidly established and by 1900, precisely the time at which Dum finished his apprenticeship, the commercial sailing ship was essentially obsolete, even though they continued in use in some countries as late as the 1950s. However, the U.K. was one of the first nations to embrace the new steam technology wholeheartedly, and disposed of its sailing fleet early. Likewise, having served his time as an apprentice under sail, all the rest of Dum's ‘sailing’ was in steamers. The progress of steam was not smooth and linear; there was retrograde movement as in that of the Archimedes, a propeller driven steamer launched in about 1836 which, after defeating the paddle steamer H.M.S. Widgeon in a race in 1839, blew up her boiler, broke a crankshaft and ran ashore off Beachy Head all within a year for which she was punished by conversion into a sailing ship. Another example was the three iron ships the Bosphorus, the Hellespont and the Propontis which the General Screw Steam Shipping Co. specifically had built for taking emigrants to Australia. The venture failed so spectacularly that after the Government took on the ships they, too, were converted into sailers as late as the 1850s. Nor did sail give up without a struggle. Conrad wrote of the occasion on which the full rigged ship the Tweed in the 1860s beat the steam mail boat from Hong Kong to Singapore by a day and a half. This was exceptional even at the time and such victories became increasingly scarce. The Tweed moreover was an exceptional ship; imitation being the sincerest form of flattery, it is worth noting that the famous tea clippers Cutty Sark, Blackadder and Hallowe'en were all more or less modelled on the Tweed and all three were rated outstanding vessels in their day. Oustanding was generally synonymous with fast; fast ships tended to be wetter than slow ones. Nobody minded about that - apart from the men! Among the most pressing Imperial needs for faster transport was India. Round the Cape was slow - 120 to 180 days; via Suez, not the canal which did not open till 1869, but the Overland Route, was unreliable, expensive, unhealthy [plague, among other things, being endemic], not much quicker, and in any case not fully developed till after about 1830. The Overland Route had been used since ‘time immemorial’. Dhows between India and the Red Sea usually put in at Cosseir, as the prevailing winds made access further up the Suez impossible. From Cosseir people and goods went aboard camels and donkeys across the desert before boarding ship again on the Nile near Luxor and thence down to Cairo, Alexandria and the Mediterranean. This was not a journey for the faint-hearted. The introduction of steamers on some sections of the Nile shortened the time somewhat but brought no other solace. The introduction around 1838 of a flat-bottomed steamer called the Cairo considerably improved the overall time for the 250 mile trip from Alexandria to Suez to 78 hours including a 12 hour break in Cairo. Demand for this route became so great by the early 1840s that as many as 4,000 camels would be needed to convey one ship's complement of passengers and cargo, but it was still a costly transit and of necessity only justified transporting valuable and lightish commodities. By 1868, the year before the canal opened, the volume of trade via the Overland Route amounted to some £40 million a year, whereas P. & O. steamer traffic to the Eastern ports was put at some £110 million. The first attempt to establish an Indian service was in 1821 with a wooden paddle steamer, the Enterprise but taking 103 days from London to Calcutta condemned her thereafter to the ignominy of postal work between Calcutta and Burma. A good time under sail in the late 19th century from London to Calcutta was 80 days. A reasonable time was 90-95 days. 103 days was deemed unreasonable.	1,451	[ 128000, 60816, 20930, 91228, 1047, 1027, 2212, 505, 279, 4216, 220, 777, 339, 9478, 11, 279, 1176, 5912, 24023, 2532, 304, 4606, 574, 9749, 304, 220, 10562, 17, 449, 279, 99198, 1990, 43997, 323, 16183, 729, 18295, 13, 23548, 8013, 46045, 279, 9053, 8040, 20930, 31080, 369, 1005, 389, 872, 16781, 77289, 3090, 2336, 323, 44236, 902, 11, 4315, 1023, 2574, 11, 574, 279, 1193, 3856, 75438, 1648, 311, 8895, 2680, 311, 13057, 490, 11613, 315, 8767, 82828, 18455, 13, 763, 279, 549, 11606, 2637, 77289, 3090, 2336, 25735, 2539, 4500, 520, 922, 279, 1890, 892, 439, 279, 4500, 315, 279, 96247, 902, 9076, 7191, 8518, 27949, 21568, 77289, 3090, 3195, 20930, 7710, 48832, 4661, 439, 5246, 439, 433, 574, 11784, 627, 791, 1972, 6776, 369, 20930, 304, 279, 8681, 13527, 11203, 304, 15062, 958, 83951, 11, 4856, 1109, 16632, 35335, 11, 11862, 18534, 304, 4059, 1268, 1790, 315, 279, 1917, 2472, 574, 1243, 58919, 18718, 13, 13538, 922, 220, 10562, 20, 20930, 388, 1051, 14188, 3831, 3403, 6463, 40044, 8147, 311, 387, 315, 1005, 304, 1825, 9581, 13, 578, 1176, 5912, 9581, 65912, 20930, 5383, 574, 279, 4997, 11284, 389, 279, 43997, 311, 55339, 6149, 13, 11511, 5613, 20930, 3600, 1051, 82100, 660, 304, 220, 10828, 16, 323, 5129, 74908, 35335, 3600, 8272, 304, 11295, 50787, 384, 1326, 13, 304, 220, 10828, 17, 279, 7957, 60075, 1990, 2009, 411, 323, 7295, 8272, 555, 279, 3723, 15422, 389, 279, 1890, 6149, 304, 220, 10828, 21, 13, 35802, 505, 22961, 14595, 26735, 2643, 387, 41420, 505, 19627, 323, 13179, 1203, 13, 4314, 26006, 1051, 3970, 439, 1778, 264, 2450, 430, 1524, 872, 10425, 18143, 520, 279, 50569, 10231, 1436, 539, 5766, 13633, 279, 31352, 17102, 430, 1070, 574, 810, 311, 20930, 1109, 4106, 3805, 323, 44224, 279, 1176, 16591, 19574, 20930, 8448, 11, 2500, 99198, 11887, 304, 220, 10828, 17, 719, 539, 10862, 389, 279, 19574, 1160, 12222, 220, 10750, 16, 13, 578, 810, 32549, 473, 1345, 815, 13, 34944, 574, 11887, 304, 220, 10828, 18, 323, 14958, 304, 2532, 369, 33517, 1667, 627, 644, 34781, 315, 1521, 31003, 304, 20930, 11, 1070, 574, 24779, 14076, 311, 1202, 1005, 11, 323, 539, 1120, 505, 69938, 13, 22578, 21787, 1047, 459, 47989, 29683, 26, 814, 16489, 279, 32731, 304, 902, 814, 1051, 29441, 1139, 4754, 19596, 33606, 13, 763, 5270, 11, 1405, 3117, 7191, 5219, 315, 1521, 31080, 1051, 1511, 1109, 304, 279, 549, 11606, 2637, 1990, 220, 10562, 21, 323, 220, 10336, 23, 912, 17162, 1109, 220, 12994, 44913, 13, 58095, 574, 2103, 3970, 439, 459, 19411, 10778, 0, 763, 34781, 315, 279, 34771, 1205, 369, 810, 15062, 323, 39392, 10758, 1990, 13527, 323, 1077, 15098, 3117, 12556, 2234, 32447, 11, 264, 1715, 369, 279, 17219, 315, 264, 4179, 15589, 311, 6920, 86658, 505, 61750, 311, 4563, 33721, 574, 18010, 555, 10425, 11220, 8078, 11, 1243, 5629, 10425, 315, 279, 50569, 10231, 11, 1606, 814, 1054, 66922, 433, 872, 6965, 268, 14523, 11, 5304, 5426, 323, 6721, 5015, 11, 311, 66087, 311, 279, 54711, 315, 872, 5845, 11, 279, 14740, 315, 20930, 31080, 11, 439, 814, 6646, 430, 279, 17219, 315, 20930, 574, 16997, 311, 13471, 264, 19094, 12523, 311, 279, 46398, 6433, 1864, 2826, 315, 279, 21080, 1131, 64771, 842, 315, 279, 64785, 1131, 27152, 311, 4528, 18651, 1131, 1605, 26280, 2029, 15483, 7422, 67170, 5900, 449, 279, 60090, 13, 4452, 11, 433, 574, 1695, 369, 30503, 439, 433, 8967, 430, 304, 220, 10750, 15, 51129, 18198, 304, 13527, 2103, 85692, 291, 20930, 18198, 555, 71049, 311, 832, 627, 42744, 91228, 1550, 539, 2216, 1935, 1022, 304, 11862, 3156, 279, 4500, 315, 11297, 24549, 21787, 304, 279, 220, 9714, 15, 82, 13, 2684, 10924, 1202, 44592, 574, 19019, 9749, 323, 555, 220, 7028, 15, 11, 24559, 279, 892, 520, 902, 65082, 8220, 813, 72351, 2200, 11, 279, 8518, 51129, 8448, 574, 16168, 47166, 11, 1524, 3582, 814, 8738, 304, 1005, 304, 1063, 5961, 439, 3389, 439, 279, 220, 6280, 15, 82, 13, 4452, 11, 279, 549, 11606, 13, 574, 832, 315, 279, 1176, 17089, 311, 27830, 279, 502, 20930, 5557, 4459, 18207, 53423, 11, 323, 26655, 315, 1202, 51129, 26155, 4216, 13, 50487, 11, 3515, 10434, 813, 892, 439, 459, 83299, 1234, 30503, 11, 682, 279, 2800, 315, 65082, 596, 3451, 82, 14612, 529, 574, 304, 20930, 388, 627, 791, 5208, 315, 20930, 574, 539, 11113, 323, 13790, 26, 1070, 574, 17189, 7082, 7351, 439, 304, 430, 315, 279, 9683, 318, 59626, 11, 264, 2047, 7218, 16625, 4179, 15589, 11887, 304, 922, 220, 10750, 21, 902, 11, 1306, 54216, 279, 40403, 4179, 15589, 473, 1345, 815, 13, 468, 6614, 263, 304, 264, 7102, 304, 220, 10750, 24, 11, 42423, 709, 1077, 28725, 11, 14760, 264, 51358, 97513, 323, 10837, 24767, 461, 1022, 13011, 88, 11452, 682, 2949, 264, 1060, 369, 902, 1364, 574, 41998, 555, 14747, 1139, 264, 51129, 8448, 13, 13596, 3187, 574, 279, 2380, 11245, 18198, 279, 426, 24527, 30969, 11, 279, 16183, 645, 79, 546, 323, 279, 3998, 546, 285, 902, 279, 3331, 73275, 22578, 24907, 3623, 13, 11951, 1047, 5918, 369, 4737, 991, 71336, 311, 8494, 13, 578, 26255, 4745, 779, 28809, 398, 430, 1306, 279, 10423, 3952, 389, 279, 18198, 814, 11, 2288, 11, 1051, 16489, 1139, 30503, 388, 439, 3389, 439, 279, 220, 9741, 15, 82, 13, 8170, 1550, 30503, 3041, 709, 2085, 264, 14993, 13, 77089, 6267, 315, 279, 13402, 389, 902, 279, 2539, 81173, 8448, 279, 62798, 291, 304, 279, 220, 9714, 15, 82, 9567, 279, 20930, 8232, 15688, 505, 19730, 18711, 311, 21181, 555, 264, 1938, 323, 264, 4376, 13, 1115, 574, 25363, 1524, 520, 279, 892, 323, 1778, 46146, 6244, 15098, 59290, 13, 578, 62798, 291, 44643, 574, 459, 25363, 8448, 26, 87940, 1694, 279, 44149, 478, 1376, 315, 1344, 19187, 11, 433, 374, 5922, 27401, 430, 279, 11495, 15600, 1206, 32997, 20223, 1919, 79745, 11, 5348, 21473, 323, 473, 7331, 68, 41901, 1051, 682, 810, 477, 2753, 1646, 839, 389, 279, 62798, 291, 323, 682, 2380, 1051, 22359, 19310, 31080, 304, 872, 1938, 13, 507, 592, 26673, 574, 8965, 69593, 449, 5043, 26, 5043, 18198, 49890, 311, 387, 14739, 466, 1109, 6435, 6305, 13, 37558, 61267, 922, 430, 482, 10980, 505, 279, 3026, 4999, 34710, 279, 1455, 26422, 31013, 3966, 369, 10819, 7710, 574, 6890, 13, 17535, 279, 29715, 574, 6435, 482, 220, 4364, 311, 220, 5245, 2919, 26, 4669, 328, 28700, 11, 539, 279, 40021, 902, 1550, 539, 1825, 12222, 220, 9714, 24, 11, 719, 279, 6193, 1974, 9767, 11, 574, 67129, 11, 11646, 11, 53808, 510, 501, 4768, 11, 4315, 1023, 2574, 11, 1694, 96013, 1145, 539, 1790, 39392, 11, 323, 304, 904, 1162, 539, 7373, 8040, 12222, 1306, 922, 220, 10750, 15, 13, 578, 6193, 1974, 9767, 1047, 1027, 1511, 2533, 3451, 1712, 4998, 336, 22676, 24535, 44327, 4336, 1990, 6890, 323, 279, 3816, 15379, 6118, 2231, 304, 520, 18606, 325, 404, 11, 439, 279, 61129, 29592, 1903, 2680, 4726, 709, 279, 328, 28700, 12266, 13, 5659, 18606, 325, 404, 1274, 323, 11822, 4024, 37606, 6730, 2053, 323, 1541, 10786, 4028, 279, 24521, 1603, 50069, 8448, 1578, 389, 279, 77290, 3221, 27466, 269, 323, 270, 768, 1523, 311, 53650, 11, 57233, 323, 279, 38785, 13, 1115, 574, 539, 264, 11879, 369, 279, 38678, 70395, 13, 578, 17219, 315, 20930, 388, 389, 1063, 14491, 315, 279, 77290, 66663, 279, 892, 14738, 719, 7263, 912, 1023, 2092, 580, 13, 578, 17219, 2212, 220, 10750, 23, 315, 264, 10269, 11635, 291, 4179, 15589, 2663, 279, 53650, 33452, 13241, 279, 8244, 892, 369, 279, 220, 5154, 14929, 8577, 505, 57233, 311, 328, 28700, 311, 220, 2495, 4207, 2737, 264, 220, 717, 6596, 1464, 304, 53650, 627, 82127, 369, 420, 6149, 6244, 779, 2294, 555, 279, 4216, 220, 10336, 15, 82, 430, 439, 1690, 439, 220, 19, 11, 931, 6730, 2053, 1053, 387, 4460, 311, 20599, 832, 8448, 596, 23606, 315, 22961, 323, 26735, 11, 719, 433, 574, 2103, 264, 34348, 25032, 323, 315, 32961, 1193, 35516, 67757, 15525, 323, 3177, 819, 51967, 13, 3296, 220, 9714, 23, 11, 279, 1060, 1603, 279, 40021, 9107, 11, 279, 8286, 315, 6696, 4669, 279, 6193, 1974, 9767, 74319, 311, 1063, 7083, 1272, 3610, 264, 1060, 11, 20444, 393, 13, 612, 507, 13, 4179, 15589, 9629, 311, 279, 18516, 20946, 574, 2231, 520, 1063, 7083, 5120, 3610, 13, 578, 1176, 4879, 311, 5813, 459, 7904, 2532, 574, 304, 220, 10828, 16, 449, 264, 23162, 40403, 4179, 15589, 11, 279, 26551, 719, 4737, 220, 6889, 2919, 505, 7295, 311, 3400, 10453, 2629, 39025, 1077, 46095, 311, 279, 5335, 316, 6577, 315, 40854, 990, 1990, 3400, 10453, 2629, 323, 92671, 13, 362, 1695, 892, 1234, 30503, 304, 279, 3389, 220, 777, 339, 9478, 505, 7295, 311, 3400, 10453, 2629, 574, 220, 1490, 2919, 13, 362, 13579, 892, 574, 220, 1954, 12, 2721, 2919, 13, 220, 6889, 2919, 574, 25660, 59525, 13, 128001 ]
One of the features of the M1 is that it is a RISC-based chip, designed using the ARM instruction set. This means that it has more in common with the chips commonly found in smartphones and tablets than those typically used in desktops or laptops. This already makes the M1 unusual, but it’s not unique. Microsoft Surface Pro X also uses a custom ARM chip, co-designed with Qualcomm, called SQ2. At first glance, these processors are similar: the SQ2 and M1 both use a 4 + 4 core design with a mix of high and low power cores, they both have 16 GB of RAM and they are designed as an SoC or a “system-on-a-chip,” which means that all of the components that you typically find on a computer are integrated into a single chip. There, the similarities end. Not only is the M1 much faster than the SQ2, but Apple has pulled off a pretty amazing feat when it comes to emulation. Their Rosetta 2 emulator allows you to run pretty much any software that runs on an Intel mac, with a slight loss of performance. Windows also has an emulator, but in our experience it’s slow, buggy, and limited to 32-bit apps (at the moment). Traditionally, there have been real hardware reasons why running Intel or AMD software on an ARM chip is slow, which makes Apple’s achievement all the more impressive. In this episode, we test the M1 against the SQ2 and an Intel Macbook Pro, and take a look at how Apple achieved such good emulator performance. In the next episode, we’ll get into the architecture itself to explain how the M1 is so fast.	358	[ 128000, 4054, 315, 279, 4519, 315, 279, 386, 16, 374, 430, 433, 374, 264, 432, 28729, 6108, 16797, 11, 6319, 1701, 279, 31586, 7754, 743, 13, 1115, 3445, 430, 433, 706, 810, 304, 4279, 449, 279, 24512, 17037, 1766, 304, 36122, 323, 29679, 1109, 1884, 11383, 1511, 304, 17963, 82, 477, 48985, 13, 1115, 2736, 3727, 279, 386, 16, 19018, 11, 719, 433, 753, 539, 5016, 13, 5210, 28061, 1322, 1630, 1101, 5829, 264, 2587, 31586, 16797, 11, 1080, 69956, 449, 62502, 11, 2663, 52718, 17, 13, 2468, 1176, 34522, 11, 1521, 37686, 527, 4528, 25, 279, 52718, 17, 323, 386, 16, 2225, 1005, 264, 220, 19, 489, 220, 19, 6332, 2955, 449, 264, 6651, 315, 1579, 323, 3428, 2410, 36804, 11, 814, 2225, 617, 220, 845, 19397, 315, 22813, 323, 814, 527, 6319, 439, 459, 2100, 34, 477, 264, 1054, 9125, 10539, 7561, 11843, 575, 2476, 902, 3445, 430, 682, 315, 279, 6956, 430, 499, 11383, 1505, 389, 264, 6500, 527, 18751, 1139, 264, 3254, 16797, 627, 3947, 11, 279, 43874, 842, 13, 2876, 1193, 374, 279, 386, 16, 1790, 10819, 1109, 279, 52718, 17, 11, 719, 8325, 706, 13541, 1022, 264, 5128, 8056, 12627, 994, 433, 4131, 311, 79941, 13, 11205, 16870, 27625, 220, 17, 59616, 6276, 499, 311, 1629, 5128, 1790, 904, 3241, 430, 8640, 389, 459, 15984, 9155, 11, 449, 264, 8275, 4814, 315, 5178, 13, 5632, 1101, 706, 459, 59616, 11, 719, 304, 1057, 3217, 433, 753, 6435, 11, 80411, 11, 323, 7347, 311, 220, 843, 15615, 10721, 320, 266, 279, 4545, 4390, 43934, 17868, 11, 1070, 617, 1027, 1972, 12035, 8125, 3249, 4401, 15984, 477, 25300, 3241, 389, 459, 31586, 16797, 374, 6435, 11, 902, 3727, 8325, 753, 26501, 682, 279, 810, 16358, 13, 763, 420, 9417, 11, 584, 1296, 279, 386, 16, 2403, 279, 52718, 17, 323, 459, 15984, 7553, 2239, 1322, 11, 323, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 1268, 8325, 17427, 1778, 1695, 59616, 5178, 13, 763, 279, 1828, 9417, 11, 584, 4805, 636, 1139, 279, 18112, 5196, 311, 10552, 1268, 279, 386, 16, 374, 779, 5043, 13, 128001 ]
Stoa Goes Weird’s harvest celebration on 19 August invites you to celebrate the coming autumn and the harvest season. As part of the Poetry Moon program, poets Nihkee Akka (Jonna Nummela) and Juho Kuusi will perform their water-themed dialogue poem Ilman vettä ei about kindness. The text is written with exchanging letters as messages in the bottles. At the performance, poets think about responsibility and possibility to like and take care of oneself, each other and the world. The event is free on charge. Please check our safety instructions and safer space guidelines here.	129	[ 128000, 626, 20103, 61261, 77253, 753, 24322, 25960, 389, 220, 777, 6287, 45510, 499, 311, 18890, 279, 5108, 42774, 323, 279, 24322, 3280, 13, 1666, 961, 315, 279, 68787, 17781, 2068, 11, 74072, 452, 7141, 22575, 16762, 4657, 320, 41, 13767, 16610, 76, 8458, 8, 323, 22410, 6292, 33479, 53913, 690, 2804, 872, 3090, 57689, 21976, 33894, 7695, 1543, 348, 7211, 2357, 30529, 922, 45972, 13, 578, 1495, 374, 5439, 449, 79531, 12197, 439, 6743, 304, 279, 27474, 13, 2468, 279, 5178, 11, 74072, 1781, 922, 12014, 323, 13336, 311, 1093, 323, 1935, 2512, 315, 57669, 11, 1855, 1023, 323, 279, 1917, 627, 791, 1567, 374, 1949, 389, 6900, 627, 5618, 1817, 1057, 7296, 11470, 323, 30549, 3634, 17959, 1618, 627, 128001 ]
familiars In folklore, low-ranking demons in constant attention to witches for the purpose of carrying out spELLs and bewitchments. Familiars usually assumed animal forms—cats, TOADs, OWLs, mice and dogs were the most common—though virtually any animal or insect could be suspected. In witchcraft trials, if so much as a fly buzzed in the window while a witch was being questioned or tried, it was said to be her familiar. The inquisitors took the Bible to heart: those who had familiars were "an abomination unto the Lord" (Deut. 23:10-12) and should be "put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them" (Lev. 20:27). Familiars—also called imps—were said to be given to witches by the DEVIL or bought or inherited from other witches. A witch could have several of them. Cats were the favored forms, especially black ones. The fear that all cats were witches' familiars was one of the reasons for cat massacres that swept through medieval Europe. Familiars were given names like any household pets, which most of them undoubtedly were. One 16th-century Essex woman accused of witchcraft admitted that she had three familiars in the form of mice: Littleman, Prettyman and Daynty. Another had four mice named Prickeare, James, Robyn and Sparrow. Elizabeth Clark, the first victim of MATTHEW Hopkins, England's great witch-hunter of the 17th century, confessed to having five familiars, including unearthly ones: Holt, a kitten; Jamara, a fat, legless spaniel; Sack and Sugar, a black rabbit; Newes, a polecat; and Vinegar Tom, a long-legged, greyhoundlike creature with an ox's head and broad eyes, which could turn itself into a headless four-year-old child. Other familiars named in trials included Grizel, Greedigut, Peck in the Crown and Elemauzer. Perhaps the best-known familiar name is Pyewackett, the monicker of the witch's cat in the movie Bell, Book and Candle, and a name that dates to Renaissance England. Pyewackett, Hopkins stated, was a name "no mortal could invent." Witches were said to take great care of their familiars. As Emile Grillot de Givry described in Witchcraft, Magic and Alchemy (1931) "they baptized their toads, dressed them in black velvet, put little bells on their paws and made them dance." Familiars were dispatched to bewitch people and animals into sickness and death. They also protected their witches. In return, witches gave them what they craved: BLOOD. ALICE KYTELER of Kilkenny, Ireland, convicted as a witch in 1324, confessed (or perhaps Was this article helpful? Tap into your inner power today. Discover The Untold Secrets Used By Experts To Tap Into The Power Of Your Inner Personality Help You Unleash Your Full Potential. Finally You Can Fully Equip Yourself With These “Must Have” Personality Finding Tools For Creating Your Ideal Lifestyle.	679	[ 128000, 69, 309, 4008, 1590, 763, 98969, 11, 3428, 72539, 45075, 304, 6926, 6666, 311, 81262, 369, 279, 7580, 315, 15691, 704, 993, 19659, 82, 323, 28054, 1641, 1392, 13, 34701, 4008, 1590, 6118, 19655, 10065, 7739, 2345, 38552, 11, 5257, 1846, 82, 11, 29969, 43, 82, 11, 24548, 323, 12875, 1051, 279, 1455, 4279, 2345, 4636, 21907, 904, 10065, 477, 27080, 1436, 387, 24740, 13, 763, 37482, 7868, 19622, 11, 422, 779, 1790, 439, 264, 11722, 31527, 291, 304, 279, 3321, 1418, 264, 37482, 574, 1694, 29440, 477, 6818, 11, 433, 574, 1071, 311, 387, 1077, 11537, 13, 578, 304, 9383, 12170, 3952, 279, 17377, 311, 4851, 25, 1884, 889, 1047, 2138, 4008, 1590, 1051, 198, 1, 276, 671, 81480, 30449, 279, 10425, 1, 320, 1951, 332, 13, 220, 1419, 25, 605, 12, 717, 8, 323, 1288, 387, 330, 631, 311, 4648, 25, 814, 4985, 9998, 1124, 449, 27302, 25, 872, 6680, 4985, 387, 5304, 1124, 1, 320, 2356, 85, 13, 220, 508, 25, 1544, 4390, 37, 309, 4008, 1590, 2345, 19171, 2663, 737, 1725, 2345, 52898, 1071, 311, 387, 2728, 311, 81262, 555, 279, 51995, 1750, 477, 11021, 477, 28088, 505, 1023, 81262, 13, 362, 37482, 1436, 617, 3892, 315, 1124, 13, 51849, 1051, 279, 46603, 7739, 11, 5423, 3776, 6305, 13, 578, 8850, 430, 682, 19987, 1051, 81262, 6, 2138, 4008, 1590, 574, 832, 315, 279, 8125, 369, 8415, 91158, 417, 430, 41323, 1555, 42108, 4606, 627, 37, 309, 4008, 1590, 1051, 2728, 5144, 1093, 904, 14048, 26159, 11, 902, 1455, 315, 1124, 38048, 1051, 13, 3861, 220, 845, 339, 34457, 64158, 5333, 13487, 315, 37482, 7868, 16584, 430, 1364, 1047, 2380, 2138, 4008, 1590, 304, 279, 1376, 315, 24548, 25, 15013, 1543, 11, 36416, 1543, 323, 6187, 41933, 13, 13596, 1047, 3116, 24548, 7086, 393, 2265, 441, 548, 11, 7957, 11, 4997, 1910, 323, 70906, 654, 13, 21393, 22010, 11, 279, 1176, 11996, 315, 25832, 17673, 54, 45316, 11, 9635, 596, 2294, 37482, 2902, 30259, 315, 279, 220, 1114, 339, 9478, 11, 63417, 311, 3515, 4330, 2138, 4008, 1590, 11, 2737, 79675, 398, 6305, 25, 60006, 11, 264, 77757, 26, 20614, 5169, 11, 264, 8834, 11, 2531, 1752, 9575, 13327, 26, 328, 474, 323, 32019, 11, 264, 3776, 39824, 26, 1561, 288, 11, 264, 26078, 4719, 26, 323, 50795, 12440, 8529, 11, 264, 1317, 95364, 11, 20366, 76196, 4908, 17661, 449, 459, 19488, 596, 2010, 323, 7353, 6548, 11, 902, 1436, 2543, 5196, 1139, 264, 2010, 1752, 3116, 4771, 6418, 1716, 13, 7089, 2138, 4008, 1590, 7086, 304, 19622, 5343, 2895, 450, 301, 11, 13842, 291, 343, 332, 11, 5250, 377, 304, 279, 29743, 323, 27039, 1764, 5308, 261, 13, 19292, 279, 1888, 22015, 11537, 836, 374, 5468, 365, 5827, 83, 11, 279, 1647, 5327, 315, 279, 37482, 596, 8415, 304, 279, 5818, 18366, 11, 6017, 323, 73997, 11, 323, 264, 836, 430, 13003, 311, 55383, 9635, 13, 5468, 365, 5827, 83, 11, 45316, 11224, 11, 574, 264, 836, 330, 2201, 49972, 1436, 17459, 10246, 54, 26286, 1051, 1071, 311, 1935, 2294, 2512, 315, 872, 2138, 4008, 1590, 13, 1666, 5867, 458, 50948, 354, 409, 480, 344, 894, 7633, 304, 39450, 7868, 11, 15852, 323, 1708, 25055, 320, 7285, 16, 8, 330, 20670, 90225, 872, 311, 7819, 11, 26435, 1124, 304, 3776, 72426, 11, 2231, 2697, 61794, 389, 872, 281, 8805, 323, 1903, 1124, 15612, 1210, 34701, 4008, 1590, 1051, 50251, 311, 28054, 1641, 1274, 323, 10099, 1139, 54950, 323, 4648, 13, 2435, 1101, 2682, 872, 81262, 13, 763, 471, 11, 81262, 6688, 1124, 1148, 814, 1589, 4234, 25, 426, 90731, 13, 8927, 5604, 735, 42735, 28868, 315, 735, 34263, 18314, 11, 14990, 11, 23959, 439, 264, 37482, 304, 220, 9413, 19, 11, 63417, 320, 269, 8530, 198, 27125, 420, 4652, 11190, 5380, 24821, 1139, 701, 9358, 2410, 3432, 13, 34039, 578, 15448, 820, 53179, 12477, 3296, 51859, 2057, 37234, 32745, 578, 7572, 5046, 4718, 37456, 65915, 11736, 1472, 1252, 273, 1003, 4718, 8797, 55057, 13, 17830, 1472, 3053, 49256, 70814, 60005, 3161, 4314, 1054, 32876, 12522, 863, 65915, 43897, 14173, 1789, 32406, 4718, 49527, 69256, 13, 128001 ]
<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: Support for Excel Named Cells, Ranges, and Tables username_0: This would be useful in the case where the dimensions of the range can vary from worksheet to worksheet or workbook to workbook, but the range is still consistently named. Another case is where the range desired is a named Excel Table. https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Define-and-use-names-in-formulas-4d0f13ac-53b7-422e-afd2-abd7ff379c64<issue_closed> <issue_comment>username_1: Covered by #317 🙂, where I also speculate on what the future interface might be.	167	[ 128000, 27, 11407, 5011, 1822, 11407, 18104, 86379, 25, 9365, 369, 21705, 41559, 59190, 11, 432, 5637, 11, 323, 43252, 198, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 1115, 1053, 387, 5505, 304, 279, 1162, 1405, 279, 15696, 315, 279, 2134, 649, 13592, 505, 37736, 311, 37736, 477, 46255, 311, 46255, 11, 719, 279, 2134, 374, 2103, 21356, 7086, 13, 13596, 1162, 374, 1405, 279, 2134, 12974, 374, 264, 7086, 21705, 6771, 18304, 2485, 1129, 24249, 100193, 916, 13920, 26766, 39281, 14, 36438, 9976, 25700, 90144, 3502, 8627, 26622, 12, 19, 67, 15, 69, 1032, 582, 12, 4331, 65, 22, 12, 16460, 68, 12, 93239, 17, 39130, 67, 22, 544, 19867, 66, 1227, 27, 11407, 45797, 397, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 16, 25, 73295, 555, 674, 16718, 28584, 11, 1405, 358, 1101, 64601, 389, 1148, 279, 3938, 3834, 2643, 387, 13, 128001 ]
In The Origins of Fairness, which reminds us of the title of Darwin’s seminal work, Nicolas Baumard, a research scholar in the Department of Cognitive Sciences at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, articulates a compelling and convincing thesis that morality is based on an evolved moral sense, and this innate and universal sense of morality is based on mutualistic logic, “the attempt to make the interaction mutually respectful of the interests of all” (p. 109). In other words, throughout the book Baumard argues that the moral sense, as the impartial consideration of each person’s interest, is produced by selective pressures. Read the rest of review here. Pazhoohi, F. (2018). On the Origin of Fairness and Cooperation. Human Ethology Bulletin, 33(1), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.22330/heb/331/049-052 In For Whose Benefit?: The Biological and Cultural Evolution of Human Cooperation, Patrik Lindenfors an associate professor of zoological ecology at Centre for the study of Cultural Evolution, Stockholm University, poses the question of for whose benefit we cooperate with each other, and throughout the book tries to find an answer. Pazhoohi, F. & Arantes, J. (2018). For Whose Benefit? The Biological and Cultural Evolution of Human Cooperation. Evolutionary Psychological Science : https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-018-0138-8 Nothing would be more interesting than reading a book on men aging by the author who is an expert on comparative male life histories. Richard G. Bribiescas is a Professor of Anthropology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Yale University, and has conducted research in evolutionary biology and endocrinology of human, as well as comparative studies on reproduction, growth, aging, and metabolism for many years. He is well-known for his research on male aging and reproductive senescence. In the first chapter, Bribiescas explains what this book is all about and why Darwinian evolutionary theory is needed to gain a deeper understanding of male health, illness and aging. Additionally, he explains why it is important to consider aging across species and cross- culturally. While Bribiescas briefly explains how natural selection works, defines what he means by aging and concepts such as aging, life history theory and adaptation, he also lists the contents of the book by highlighting the points that he is going to extend in the upcoming chapters. By implanting the seed of curiosity in the reader’s mind during the first chapter, Bribiescas begins the second chapter by explaining why aging happens from a biological perspective. … Read the rest here. Pazhoohi, F. & Arantes, J. (2017). Book Review: How Men Age: What Evolution Reveals about Male Health and Mortality Frontiers in Psychology : 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00894 Decision-making is the cognitive process of choosing a preferred option from among a set of options (Wilson and Keil 2001). Decision-making is present through every aspect of life, and making good decisions for every important occasion during lifetime is a human being’s constant endeavor (Garnham 2016). Historically, religion and philosophy have been the only domains not only acting as gateways for explaining the meaning of life (McGhee 1992) but also acting as guidelines for facilitating and directing human important decisions during lifetime. Darwinian evolution by natural selection is regarded as another gateway capable of explaining the existence and meaning of life (Dawkins 1986). Menelaos Apostolou, Assistant Professor at the University of Nicosia, in his book, Feeling Good: An Evolutionary Perspective on Life Choices, explores human decision-making from the perspective of Darwinian evolutionary science by addressing the question of how to live a life characterized by more positive than negative feelings. The book begins by criticizing philosophy’s inability to direct humans toward a happy life, simply because philosophy has had very little knowledge on human nature and mind. Instead, Apostolou acknowledges the work of Darwin and Wallace and the subsequent advancement in understanding human nature done by evolutionary theory. In general, in this book he argues that based on genetic makeup and environmental conditions, individuals should make decisions in their daily life that increase the chance of survival and reproduction. Read the rest here Pazhoohi, F., & Arantes, J. (2016). How to Live a Life with More Positive Than Negative Feelings? A Review of Menelaos Apostolou, Feeling Good: An Evolutionary Perspective on Life Choices Evolutionary Psychological Science DOI: 10.1007/s40806-016-0069-1 In their book The Parasite-Stress Theory of Values and Sociality, Randy Thornhill, Distinguished Professor at The University of New Mexico, and Corey L. Fincher, Assistant Professor at University of Warwick, present a new interpretation of human values and cultural behaviors, on the basis of ecological variations in parasite-stress prevalence across and within nations. Before delineating their theory in upcoming chapters, in the second chapter Thornhill and Fincher discuss their philosophical viewpoints on scientific investigation in general, and evolutionary science in particular. First, the chapter compares philosophical and scientific methods of knowing, concerning exploration of the universe and its function. In particular, in this chapter the authors challenge philosophical aesthetics and argue that pure philosophical reasoning cannot discover causes of nature without scientific testing. The authors further argue that due to personal differences in values (biased common sense, intuition, and emotional validation of ideas), human pure reasoning, thinking, and deduction are biased, and that aesthetic philosophy cannot empirically falsify or verify hypotheses. They also argue that all areas of science that deal with life and living beings are evolutionary in essence, and that humans are evolved animals and living beings—hence, that all studies of humans are evolutionary and biological studies. … Click here to read the rest. Pazhoohi, F. (2016). The Parasite-Stress Theory of Values and Sociality, Infectious Disease, History and Human Values Worldwide (Book Review) Canadian Studies in Population, 43 (1-2), 155-157 Mary Jo Maynes, Professor of History at the University of Minnesota, and Ann Waltner, Professor of History and Director of the Institute for Advanced Study, University of Minnesota, briefly explore the notion of family across the ages in their concise book, The Family: A World History. Rather than tell the rise and fall of empires, the authors put the family at the center of their world historical story. Their main thesis in this book is that family construction is not natural, but instead is socially and historically constructed and these structures change over time in relation to social and political processes. The authors claim that the family structures affect the social, political and economical aspects of society and that in all places households have been and are the basic units of production, consumption and ritual. The authors write, “Cultural capital and religious values are also transmitted within families; families shape individual and collective predisposition and destinies. Arrangements made by and within families (such as marriage choices, or bequests of property, or decisions about educating children) contribute to social dynamism or stability, alongside and sometimes even more powerfully than economic systems, government policies, or intellectual movements” (X). For more click here Language is a unique feature of human beings. In addition to having the ability to use language, humans can conjecture about language consciously and even create realistic constructed languages from scratch. In How the brain got language, Michael A. Arbib, whose work has been influential in shaping the field of computational neuroscience, addresses the title question by exploring the multimodality of language and the Mirror System Hypothesis. Arbib, a pioneering scientist who links computer science and neuroscience, argues in this volume that an interdisciplinary approach is needed to solve the problem of language evolution as it is “a puzzle of many pieces” (p. 4). He proposes an approach to the question of language evolution that differs from that of other linguists. He hypothesizes that language perception and production emerged from brain mechanisms that evolved to mediate practical non-communicative actions. This stands in contrast to the “speech-only” view of language evolution held by many scholars who consider the evolution from monkey vocalizations to human speech to be “purely in the vocal-auditory domain, without any role for gesture” (p. 179). He specifically argues for the importance of manual gestures for the evolution of the language-ready brain; these processes equipped early Homo Sapiens with the brain mechanisms that allow modern humans to learn languages. Click here to read more.	1,820	[ 128000, 644, 578, 70591, 315, 14930, 2136, 11, 902, 35710, 603, 315, 279, 2316, 315, 45480, 753, 90773, 990, 11, 52836, 83320, 569, 11, 264, 3495, 18640, 304, 279, 6011, 315, 73235, 23199, 520, 279, 29124, 56745, 20935, 1604, 6433, 35285, 554, 304, 12366, 11, 28664, 24031, 264, 29722, 323, 40661, 17850, 430, 45651, 374, 3196, 389, 459, 28995, 16033, 5647, 11, 323, 420, 65070, 323, 20789, 5647, 315, 45651, 374, 3196, 389, 27848, 4633, 12496, 11, 1054, 1820, 4879, 311, 1304, 279, 16628, 53579, 49150, 315, 279, 12034, 315, 682, 863, 320, 79, 13, 220, 7743, 570, 763, 1023, 4339, 11, 6957, 279, 2363, 83320, 569, 29633, 430, 279, 16033, 5647, 11, 439, 279, 68824, 18361, 315, 1855, 1732, 753, 2802, 11, 374, 9124, 555, 44010, 40850, 13, 4557, 279, 2800, 315, 3477, 1618, 627, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 13, 320, 679, 23, 570, 1952, 279, 17554, 315, 14930, 2136, 323, 73808, 13, 11344, 14693, 2508, 61063, 11, 220, 1644, 7, 16, 705, 220, 2491, 12, 4103, 13, 3788, 1129, 48886, 2726, 14, 605, 13, 12533, 966, 78156, 65, 14, 16707, 14, 25307, 12, 24130, 198, 644, 1789, 1254, 974, 67450, 4925, 578, 63711, 323, 41333, 38321, 315, 11344, 73808, 11, 23860, 74, 100165, 69, 1105, 459, 22712, 14561, 315, 19263, 5848, 72546, 520, 14821, 369, 279, 4007, 315, 41333, 38321, 11, 53182, 3907, 11, 34103, 279, 3488, 315, 369, 6832, 8935, 584, 47903, 449, 1855, 1023, 11, 323, 6957, 279, 2363, 16696, 311, 1505, 459, 4320, 627, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 13, 612, 1676, 15844, 11, 622, 13, 320, 679, 23, 570, 1789, 1254, 974, 67450, 30, 578, 63711, 323, 41333, 38321, 315, 11344, 73808, 13, 38321, 661, 70069, 10170, 551, 3788, 1129, 48886, 2726, 14, 605, 13, 1041, 22, 2754, 18058, 2705, 12, 16745, 12, 16368, 23, 12, 23, 198, 24714, 1053, 387, 810, 7185, 1109, 5403, 264, 2363, 389, 3026, 30084, 555, 279, 3229, 889, 374, 459, 6335, 389, 55394, 8762, 2324, 53210, 13, 12131, 480, 13, 426, 1936, 552, 25295, 374, 264, 17054, 315, 70384, 2508, 11, 78375, 323, 38321, 661, 40023, 520, 44552, 3907, 11, 323, 706, 13375, 3495, 304, 41993, 34458, 323, 842, 91153, 2508, 315, 3823, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 55394, 7978, 389, 39656, 11, 6650, 11, 30084, 11, 323, 39097, 369, 1690, 1667, 13, 1283, 374, 1664, 22015, 369, 813, 3495, 389, 8762, 30084, 323, 42889, 6252, 3380, 768, 627, 644, 279, 1176, 12735, 11, 426, 1936, 552, 25295, 15100, 1148, 420, 2363, 374, 682, 922, 323, 3249, 45480, 1122, 41993, 10334, 374, 4460, 311, 8895, 264, 19662, 8830, 315, 8762, 2890, 11, 17563, 323, 30084, 13, 23212, 11, 568, 15100, 3249, 433, 374, 3062, 311, 2980, 30084, 4028, 9606, 323, 5425, 12, 66963, 13, 6104, 426, 1936, 552, 25295, 27851, 15100, 1268, 5933, 6727, 4375, 11, 19170, 1148, 568, 3445, 555, 30084, 323, 19476, 1778, 439, 30084, 11, 2324, 3925, 10334, 323, 34185, 11, 568, 1101, 11725, 279, 8970, 315, 279, 2363, 555, 39686, 279, 3585, 430, 568, 374, 2133, 311, 13334, 304, 279, 14827, 30732, 627, 1383, 46460, 287, 279, 10533, 315, 41328, 304, 279, 6742, 753, 4059, 2391, 279, 1176, 12735, 11, 426, 1936, 552, 25295, 12302, 279, 2132, 12735, 555, 26073, 3249, 30084, 8741, 505, 264, 24156, 13356, 13, 4696, 4557, 279, 2800, 1618, 627, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 13, 612, 1676, 15844, 11, 622, 13, 320, 679, 22, 570, 6017, 10506, 25, 2650, 11258, 13381, 25, 3639, 38321, 67653, 1147, 922, 19960, 6401, 323, 22806, 2786, 15248, 4918, 304, 36673, 551, 220, 605, 13, 18633, 24, 6801, 46246, 70, 13, 679, 22, 13, 11436, 6281, 198, 75946, 28846, 374, 279, 25702, 1920, 315, 19301, 264, 15236, 3072, 505, 4315, 264, 743, 315, 2671, 320, 92493, 323, 6706, 321, 220, 1049, 16, 570, 41525, 28846, 374, 3118, 1555, 1475, 13189, 315, 2324, 11, 323, 3339, 1695, 11429, 369, 1475, 3062, 13402, 2391, 19569, 374, 264, 3823, 1694, 753, 6926, 54914, 320, 38, 1923, 5721, 220, 679, 21, 570, 22425, 2740, 11, 13901, 323, 19675, 617, 1027, 279, 1193, 31576, 539, 1193, 15718, 439, 18618, 2336, 369, 26073, 279, 7438, 315, 2324, 320, 26353, 38, 50153, 220, 2550, 17, 8, 719, 1101, 15718, 439, 17959, 369, 68365, 323, 46090, 3823, 3062, 11429, 2391, 19569, 627, 53773, 7678, 1122, 15740, 555, 5933, 6727, 374, 27458, 439, 2500, 29895, 13171, 315, 26073, 279, 14209, 323, 7438, 315, 2324, 320, 35, 675, 11966, 220, 3753, 21, 570, 11258, 8458, 437, 47859, 337, 283, 11, 22103, 17054, 520, 279, 3907, 315, 452, 17038, 689, 11, 304, 813, 2363, 11, 74658, 7839, 25, 1556, 38321, 661, 70288, 389, 9601, 79291, 11, 41424, 3823, 5597, 28846, 505, 279, 13356, 315, 45480, 1122, 41993, 8198, 555, 28118, 279, 3488, 315, 1268, 311, 3974, 264, 2324, 32971, 555, 810, 6928, 1109, 8389, 16024, 627, 791, 2363, 12302, 555, 69088, 19675, 753, 38550, 311, 2167, 12966, 9017, 264, 6380, 2324, 11, 5042, 1606, 19675, 706, 1047, 1633, 2697, 6677, 389, 3823, 7138, 323, 4059, 13, 12361, 11, 47859, 337, 283, 56030, 279, 990, 315, 45480, 323, 39956, 323, 279, 17876, 50925, 304, 8830, 3823, 7138, 2884, 555, 41993, 10334, 13, 763, 4689, 11, 304, 420, 2363, 568, 29633, 430, 3196, 389, 19465, 27649, 323, 12434, 4787, 11, 7931, 1288, 1304, 11429, 304, 872, 7446, 2324, 430, 5376, 279, 6140, 315, 20237, 323, 39656, 627, 4518, 279, 2800, 1618, 198, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 2637, 612, 1676, 15844, 11, 622, 13, 320, 679, 21, 570, 2650, 311, 11406, 264, 9601, 449, 4497, 45003, 34776, 51957, 32833, 826, 30, 362, 10506, 315, 11258, 8458, 437, 47859, 337, 283, 11, 74658, 7839, 25, 1556, 38321, 661, 70288, 389, 9601, 79291, 38321, 661, 70069, 10170, 59670, 25, 220, 605, 13, 1041, 22, 2754, 18058, 2705, 12, 15794, 12, 11030, 24, 12, 16, 198, 644, 872, 2363, 578, 94137, 635, 40720, 676, 31535, 315, 26028, 323, 9983, 488, 11, 46315, 78024, 28607, 11, 423, 80382, 17054, 520, 578, 3907, 315, 1561, 12550, 11, 323, 55752, 445, 13, 5767, 9211, 11, 22103, 17054, 520, 3907, 315, 78202, 11, 3118, 264, 502, 23692, 315, 3823, 2819, 323, 13042, 28198, 11, 389, 279, 8197, 315, 50953, 27339, 304, 85573, 5594, 676, 38009, 4028, 323, 2949, 17089, 627, 10438, 91784, 1113, 872, 10334, 304, 14827, 30732, 11, 304, 279, 2132, 12735, 78024, 28607, 323, 5767, 9211, 4358, 872, 41903, 90909, 389, 12624, 8990, 304, 4689, 11, 323, 41993, 8198, 304, 4040, 13, 5629, 11, 279, 12735, 43565, 41903, 323, 12624, 5528, 315, 14392, 11, 18815, 27501, 315, 279, 15861, 323, 1202, 734, 13, 763, 4040, 11, 304, 420, 12735, 279, 12283, 8815, 41903, 67323, 323, 18046, 430, 10748, 41903, 33811, 4250, 7142, 11384, 315, 7138, 2085, 12624, 7649, 13, 578, 12283, 4726, 18046, 430, 4245, 311, 4443, 12062, 304, 2819, 320, 65401, 4279, 198, 98935, 11, 57351, 11, 323, 14604, 10741, 315, 6848, 705, 3823, 10748, 33811, 11, 7422, 11, 323, 39943, 527, 48761, 11, 323, 430, 37637, 19675, 4250, 38969, 2740, 33032, 1463, 477, 10356, 74513, 13, 2435, 1101, 18046, 430, 682, 5789, 315, 8198, 430, 3568, 449, 2324, 323, 5496, 23837, 527, 41993, 304, 28591, 11, 323, 430, 12966, 527, 28995, 10099, 323, 5496, 23837, 2345, 71, 768, 11, 430, 682, 7978, 315, 12966, 527, 41993, 323, 24156, 7978, 13, 4696, 9369, 1618, 311, 1373, 279, 2800, 627, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 13, 320, 679, 21, 570, 578, 94137, 635, 40720, 676, 31535, 315, 26028, 323, 9983, 488, 11, 88911, 1245, 31974, 11, 11346, 323, 11344, 26028, 53035, 320, 7280, 10506, 8, 12152, 19241, 304, 40629, 11, 220, 3391, 320, 16, 12, 17, 705, 220, 9992, 12, 10895, 198, 42584, 11186, 3297, 4978, 11, 17054, 315, 11346, 520, 279, 3907, 315, 19461, 11, 323, 9489, 36367, 1215, 11, 17054, 315, 11346, 323, 10783, 315, 279, 10181, 369, 21844, 19723, 11, 3907, 315, 19461, 11, 27851, 13488, 279, 23035, 315, 3070, 4028, 279, 17051, 304, 872, 64694, 2363, 11, 578, 12517, 25, 362, 4435, 11346, 13, 26848, 1109, 3371, 279, 10205, 323, 4498, 315, 991, 19505, 11, 279, 12283, 2231, 279, 3070, 520, 279, 4219, 315, 872, 1917, 13970, 3446, 13, 11205, 1925, 17850, 304, 420, 2363, 374, 430, 3070, 8246, 374, 539, 5933, 11, 719, 4619, 374, 40418, 323, 35901, 20968, 323, 1521, 14726, 2349, 927, 892, 304, 12976, 311, 3674, 323, 5054, 11618, 13, 578, 12283, 3802, 430, 279, 3070, 14726, 7958, 279, 3674, 11, 5054, 323, 60618, 13878, 315, 8396, 323, 430, 304, 682, 7634, 29939, 617, 1027, 323, 527, 279, 6913, 8316, 315, 5788, 11, 15652, 323, 28278, 13, 578, 12283, 3350, 11, 1054, 34, 44547, 6864, 323, 10597, 2819, 527, 1101, 34699, 2949, 8689, 26, 8689, 6211, 3927, 323, 22498, 80632, 3571, 323, 52087, 552, 13, 18925, 526, 3808, 1903, 555, 323, 2949, 8689, 320, 21470, 439, 11103, 11709, 11, 477, 387, 87422, 315, 3424, 11, 477, 11429, 922, 67805, 2911, 8, 17210, 311, 3674, 18003, 2191, 477, 20334, 11, 16662, 323, 7170, 1524, 810, 2410, 3725, 1109, 7100, 6067, 11, 3109, 10396, 11, 477, 20207, 19567, 863, 320, 55, 4390, 2520, 810, 4299, 1618, 198, 14126, 374, 264, 5016, 4668, 315, 3823, 23837, 13, 763, 5369, 311, 3515, 279, 5845, 311, 1005, 4221, 11, 12966, 649, 87015, 554, 922, 4221, 70903, 323, 1524, 1893, 26569, 20968, 15823, 505, 19307, 13, 763, 2650, 279, 8271, 2751, 4221, 11, 8096, 362, 13, 1676, 58380, 11, 6832, 990, 706, 1027, 32549, 304, 46620, 279, 2115, 315, 55580, 93048, 11, 14564, 279, 2316, 3488, 555, 24919, 279, 80149, 347, 2786, 315, 4221, 323, 279, 34954, 744, 39515, 78, 13491, 627, 7098, 58380, 11, 264, 71674, 28568, 889, 7902, 6500, 8198, 323, 93048, 11, 29633, 304, 420, 8286, 430, 459, 88419, 5603, 374, 4460, 311, 11886, 279, 3575, 315, 4221, 15740, 439, 433, 374, 1054, 64, 25649, 315, 1690, 9863, 863, 320, 79, 13, 220, 19, 570, 1283, 55725, 459, 5603, 311, 279, 3488, 315, 4221, 15740, 430, 44642, 505, 430, 315, 1023, 39603, 1705, 13, 1283, 22601, 6509, 4861, 430, 4221, 21063, 323, 5788, 22763, 505, 8271, 24717, 430, 28995, 311, 1812, 6629, 15325, 2536, 12, 26660, 1413, 6299, 13, 1115, 13656, 304, 13168, 311, 279, 1054, 89325, 15744, 863, 1684, 315, 4221, 15740, 5762, 555, 1690, 31839, 889, 2980, 279, 15740, 505, 39803, 26480, 8200, 311, 3823, 8982, 311, 387, 1054, 52833, 398, 304, 279, 26480, 7561, 664, 10843, 8106, 11, 2085, 904, 3560, 369, 31257, 863, 320, 79, 13, 220, 11128, 570, 1283, 11951, 29633, 369, 279, 12939, 315, 11630, 53492, 369, 279, 15740, 315, 279, 4221, 65015, 8271, 26, 1521, 11618, 19167, 4216, 84497, 328, 2113, 729, 449, 279, 8271, 24717, 430, 2187, 6617, 12966, 311, 4048, 15823, 627, 2677, 1618, 311, 1373, 810, 13, 128001 ]
The White River and Douglas Creek Conservation Districts (Districts) are made up of locally elected landowners who provide leadership in the wise use of the natural resources within the Districts' boundaries. Conservation districts in Colorado are defined as "local governments" thus have the ability to participate in government-to-government interactions with the federal agencies. The Districts joined with Rio Blanco County to develop a Land & Natural Resource Use Plan and Policy (LUP) to translate their statutory mandate (Colo.Rev. Stat. section 35-70-108) into land management policy and direction guided by local landowners. One of the Districts' responsibilities is: "To prepare a plan for the care, treatment, and operation of the lands within the district." Colo. Rev. Stat. Section 35-70-108(1)(K). Additionally, Colorado conservation districts were created by the state legislature to provide for constructive methods of land use providing for the conservation and preservation of natural resources, including adequate underground water reserves, the control of wind and water erosion, and the reduction of damage resulting from floods. The purposes of the conservation districts are to "insure the health, prosperity, and welfare of the state of Colorado and its people..." Colo. Rev. Stat. section 35-70-102. This plan identifies the Districts' and County's policies to facilitate, protect, and preserve the utilization and conservation of natural resources on public lands. These policies support access to and wise use of natural resources on federal land; protect private property rights; protect and enhance the customs, cultures, and the economy; protect the tax base; assure the well-being of the people; and provide for the public health, safety, and welfare of the County citizens.	352	[ 128000, 791, 5929, 11188, 323, 31164, 24076, 45435, 11182, 82, 320, 48940, 82, 8, 527, 1903, 709, 315, 24392, 16689, 4363, 23840, 889, 3493, 11692, 304, 279, 24219, 1005, 315, 279, 5933, 5070, 2949, 279, 11182, 82, 6, 23546, 13, 45435, 27536, 304, 15745, 527, 4613, 439, 330, 2497, 17047, 1, 8617, 617, 279, 5845, 311, 16136, 304, 3109, 4791, 46704, 22639, 449, 279, 6918, 13607, 13, 578, 11182, 82, 11096, 449, 28059, 99923, 6406, 311, 2274, 264, 11680, 612, 18955, 12027, 5560, 9878, 323, 11216, 320, 43, 3202, 8, 311, 15025, 872, 45530, 35381, 320, 6255, 78, 2887, 85, 13, 12442, 13, 3857, 220, 1758, 12, 2031, 12, 6640, 8, 1139, 4363, 6373, 4947, 323, 5216, 33687, 555, 2254, 4363, 23840, 13, 3861, 315, 279, 11182, 82, 6, 28423, 374, 25, 330, 1271, 10772, 264, 3197, 369, 279, 2512, 11, 6514, 11, 323, 5784, 315, 279, 12098, 2949, 279, 9474, 1210, 96175, 13, 10315, 13, 12442, 13, 11360, 220, 1758, 12, 2031, 12, 6640, 7, 16, 2432, 42, 570, 23212, 11, 15745, 29711, 27536, 1051, 3549, 555, 279, 1614, 39856, 311, 3493, 369, 54584, 5528, 315, 4363, 1005, 8405, 369, 279, 29711, 323, 46643, 315, 5933, 5070, 11, 2737, 26613, 26326, 3090, 30600, 11, 279, 2585, 315, 10160, 323, 3090, 58097, 11, 323, 279, 14278, 315, 5674, 13239, 505, 61272, 13, 578, 10096, 315, 279, 29711, 27536, 527, 311, 330, 1354, 554, 279, 2890, 11, 44202, 11, 323, 23460, 315, 279, 1614, 315, 15745, 323, 1202, 1274, 21908, 96175, 13, 10315, 13, 12442, 13, 3857, 220, 1758, 12, 2031, 12, 4278, 627, 2028, 3197, 36611, 279, 11182, 82, 6, 323, 6406, 596, 10396, 311, 28696, 11, 6144, 11, 323, 21813, 279, 50549, 323, 29711, 315, 5933, 5070, 389, 586, 12098, 13, 4314, 10396, 1862, 2680, 311, 323, 24219, 1005, 315, 5933, 5070, 389, 6918, 4363, 26, 6144, 879, 3424, 3268, 26, 6144, 323, 18885, 279, 35869, 11, 27833, 11, 323, 279, 8752, 26, 6144, 279, 3827, 2385, 26, 36015, 279, 1664, 33851, 315, 279, 1274, 26, 323, 3493, 369, 279, 586, 2890, 11, 7296, 11, 323, 23460, 315, 279, 6406, 10495, 13, 128001 ]
more comfortable with the word innovation or my favourite, solution. Is it because these words create the illusion of certainty? Unfortunately, that’s not how creativity works whatever you call it. Steve Jobs had the Apple Lisa, Macintosh TV and the Newton before the I-Pad. Even the great ones have so called mistakes. Our industry is full of slogans about mistakes, risks and failing harder but very few of us actually live up to the words. When a business craves certainty that much, there is no room for experimentation or the unpredictability of creativity. When this happens people grasp for the first idea and mediocrity becomes your friend. There is a real danger that as we constantly scrub away the madness of creativity we move towards the most middle of grounds. This is something I learnt from meeting Tony Kaye. These thoughts had been bouncing around in my head when I went to judge the Axis Awards. I had heard about Tony Kaye, the mad director. We would spend the evening talking and he told me the craziest stories about Marlon Brando giving acting classes to him and Michael Jackson.Yet as entertaining as Tony’s stories were, something else struck me about him. He seemed like a very passionate and honest man. He seemed incapable of not being true to what he believes in. Win, lose or draw. I found it refreshing. After all the trials and tribulations he had been through, he had an unwavering belief in creativity. Not innovation, or solutions but mad, bad and dangerous to know creativity. He believes in imperfection, mistakes and magic. It was a valuable lesson for me at a time when our industry is in such a state of flux and bullshit. And the lesson is a simple one. Interesting, beats perfect every time. 2 thoughts on “I am pretty sure Tony Kaye doesn’t use the word innovation.” Nice observations. This strikes me as the same fundamental as your post on intention. And the analogy of the North Star. These things are imprinted and therefore can’t be contrived. They just are. Like being left handed. Hard if you’re not. Effortless if you are. But the world is about emulation, and so agencies, clients, people, motherboards – all try to attain the adjectives of innovative, creative… However left handed it all might feel. I had the pleasure of working with Tony for several months. He was by far incredibly refreshing. He taught me that we as artists have to look at things as if we are seeing them for the first time like through a child’s eye, and figure a way to present the idea to others so they too will see it in a fresh new way. He held to that theory like a barnical on a ship.	579	[ 128000, 810, 10882, 449, 279, 3492, 19297, 477, 856, 19214, 11, 6425, 13, 2209, 433, 1606, 1521, 4339, 1893, 279, 41919, 315, 44743, 5380, 31140, 11, 430, 753, 539, 1268, 28697, 4375, 8996, 499, 1650, 433, 13, 14129, 23946, 1047, 279, 8325, 29656, 11, 7553, 62694, 6007, 323, 279, 21324, 1603, 279, 358, 9483, 329, 13, 7570, 279, 2294, 6305, 617, 779, 2663, 21294, 627, 8140, 5064, 374, 2539, 315, 78101, 922, 21294, 11, 15635, 323, 22109, 16127, 719, 1633, 2478, 315, 603, 3604, 3974, 709, 311, 279, 4339, 13, 3277, 264, 2626, 1589, 4798, 44743, 430, 1790, 11, 1070, 374, 912, 3130, 369, 66196, 477, 279, 44696, 2968, 315, 28697, 13, 3277, 420, 8741, 1274, 34477, 369, 279, 1176, 4623, 323, 25098, 4309, 488, 9221, 701, 4333, 627, 3947, 374, 264, 1972, 8137, 430, 439, 584, 15320, 46001, 3201, 279, 52819, 315, 28697, 584, 3351, 7119, 279, 1455, 6278, 315, 21319, 13, 1115, 374, 2555, 358, 50350, 505, 6574, 19036, 31245, 68, 627, 9673, 11555, 1047, 1027, 65128, 2212, 304, 856, 2010, 994, 358, 4024, 311, 11913, 279, 35574, 23488, 13, 358, 1047, 6755, 922, 19036, 31245, 68, 11, 279, 13088, 7690, 13, 1226, 1053, 8493, 279, 11714, 7556, 323, 568, 3309, 757, 279, 46141, 8510, 478, 7493, 922, 2947, 12490, 3320, 4988, 7231, 15718, 6989, 311, 1461, 323, 8096, 13972, 7659, 295, 439, 30311, 439, 19036, 753, 7493, 1051, 11, 2555, 775, 17948, 757, 922, 1461, 13, 1283, 9508, 1093, 264, 1633, 25429, 323, 10978, 893, 13, 1283, 9508, 58271, 315, 539, 1694, 837, 311, 1148, 568, 13919, 304, 13, 12468, 11, 9229, 477, 4128, 13, 358, 1766, 433, 37018, 627, 6153, 682, 279, 19622, 323, 14121, 7607, 568, 1047, 1027, 1555, 11, 568, 1047, 459, 15375, 402, 4776, 16801, 304, 28697, 13, 2876, 19297, 11, 477, 10105, 719, 13088, 11, 3958, 323, 11660, 311, 1440, 28697, 13, 1283, 13919, 304, 17190, 13421, 11, 21294, 323, 11204, 13, 1102, 574, 264, 15525, 18228, 369, 757, 520, 264, 892, 994, 1057, 5064, 374, 304, 1778, 264, 1614, 315, 31405, 323, 52401, 13, 1628, 279, 18228, 374, 264, 4382, 832, 13, 71770, 11, 34427, 4832, 1475, 892, 627, 17, 11555, 389, 1054, 40, 1097, 5128, 2771, 19036, 31245, 68, 3250, 1431, 1005, 279, 3492, 19297, 49216, 46078, 24654, 627, 2028, 23170, 757, 439, 279, 1890, 16188, 439, 701, 1772, 389, 14944, 627, 3112, 279, 56203, 315, 279, 4892, 7834, 13, 4314, 2574, 527, 737, 53313, 323, 9093, 649, 1431, 387, 6155, 2270, 13, 2435, 1120, 527, 13, 9086, 1694, 2163, 23415, 13, 11481, 422, 499, 3207, 539, 13, 31122, 371, 1752, 422, 499, 527, 627, 4071, 279, 1917, 374, 922, 79941, 11, 323, 779, 13607, 11, 8403, 11, 1274, 11, 6691, 19826, 1389, 682, 1456, 311, 36861, 279, 1008, 87678, 315, 18699, 11, 11782, 90578, 11458, 2163, 23415, 433, 682, 2643, 2733, 627, 40, 1047, 279, 17069, 315, 3318, 449, 19036, 369, 3892, 4038, 13, 1283, 574, 555, 3117, 17235, 37018, 13, 1283, 15972, 757, 430, 584, 439, 13820, 617, 311, 1427, 520, 2574, 439, 422, 584, 527, 9298, 1124, 369, 279, 1176, 892, 1093, 1555, 264, 1716, 753, 8071, 11, 323, 7216, 264, 1648, 311, 3118, 279, 4623, 311, 3885, 779, 814, 2288, 690, 1518, 433, 304, 264, 7878, 502, 1648, 13, 1283, 5762, 311, 430, 10334, 1093, 264, 33419, 950, 389, 264, 8448, 13, 128001 ]
Newsletter no. 92-12, Commutation and Opting Out of a Pension Plan December 8, 1992 Introduction The Income Tax Regulations require that all pre-reform benefits provided under a defined benefit provision of a registered pension plan be acceptable to the Minister of National Revenue. This permits the Department to continue to apply a number of restrictions in Information Circular 72-13R8 that have not been included in the Regulations or that differ from the restrictions in the Regulations. This is the fifth newsletter that explains how to apply the new pension legislation to benefits provided for pre-reform service under a defined benefit or money purchase provision of a registered pension plan. It also explains which administrative rules outlined in Information Circular 72-13R8 will continue to apply. Also see Pension Reform Update 92-5. This newsletter is not a legal document. It uses plain language to inform plan administrators, employers, and pension consultants of the conditions that pre-reform benefits must satisfy in order to be acceptable to the Minister. The information relates to pre- reform benefits only, and is not intended to interpret how the Regulations apply to post-reform benefits. This newsletter refers to "pre- reform" and "post-reform" service and benefits. Pre-reform service means pre-1991 service for all plans except grandfathered plans. A grandfathered plan is a plan which contains a defined benefit provision and which was registered on March 27, 1988 or for which an application for registration was made before March 28, 1988. It is also a plan that was established to replace defined benefits for one or more individuals under another grandfathered plan. Pre-reform service for grandfathered plans means all service prior to the earlier of January 1, 1992 and the effective date of the amendment made to the plan to comply with the requirements of the Income Tax Regulations. All service after those dates is post-reform service. Pre-reform benefits are benefits that accrue in respect of a period of pre-reform service. All other benefits are post-reform benefits. This newsletter does not apply to benefits provided to connected persons as defined in subsection 8500(3) of the Regulations, or to partners or proprietors and their spouses unless specifically stated otherwise. The rules for these individuals are outlined in Pension Reform Update 91-1. We wish to remind you that the Regulations cannot be applied to pre-reform benefits in pre-October 1968 and 1980 shareholder plans if doing so will increase the benefits or the costs under the plans. Commutation of defined benefits Under the rules of the Circular, pension benefits can generally only be commuted after death, termination of employment, or termination of the plan prior to the retirement of the member. Paragraph 8503(2)(m) of the Income Tax Regulations allows for the payment at any time of a lump sum from a defined benefit provision where the lump sum does not exceed the present value of the benefits being given up. Where the benefits are not indexed, or only partially indexed, you can determine the present value as if the benefits were fully indexed. It should be remembered that while the Regulations permit benefits to be commuted, other pension benefit legislation may prohibit the commutation. Members may commute pre-reform benefits before termination of employment and the provisions of 8503(2)(m) may be applied to both pre- and post-reform benefits if the plan provides for it. This also applies to the commutation of benefits which have already begun to be paid. If you want to use the indexing assumptions, please note that the plan must not only allow the benefits to be commuted, but it must also state that the commuted value includes other benefits, namely, the benefits allowed under subparagraph 8503(2)(m)(ii). We no longer require pre-reform benefits that were transferred to a registered retirement savings plan on retirement under paragraph 9(b) of the Circular to be locked-in. If members are allowed to commute their pre-reform benefits, the plan must state that the period of pre- reform service cannot be credited again under the plan with that employer or a successor employer. Alternatively, the plan has to say that if the member wishes to buy back the service, the amount necessary to fund the pre-reform benefit must be transferred directly from a registered retirement savings plan, a deferred profit sharing plan, or another registered pension plan. This requirement also applies to a combination money purchase/defined benefit plan, where only the money purchase contributions are paid as a lump sum. In this case, the plan cannot be amended to increase the defined benefits for the years of service relating to the money purchase contributions. Commuting pre-reform benefits is not, however, permitted for pre- October 1968 and 1980 shareholder plans, nor for pre-reform benefits provided to partners or proprietors or their spouses for service while they were employees. Wage indexing of benefits for pre- reform service may be assumed for other plans having connected persons as members provided that they can continue to meet the 50/50 present value test as at December 31, 1990, for new plans and December 31, 1991, for grandfathered plans. However, you have to perform the test using only the active members at the time of the commutation, and based on the benefits accrued to those members at December 31, 1990, or December 31, 1991, whichever is applicable. Payment of a lump sum from a money purchase provision Paragraph 8506(1)(f) of the Regulations permits the payment from a money purchase provision of a lump sum amount, including additional voluntary contributions, up to the balance in a member's account. There are no conditions restricting these payments. Members may receive payments of pre-reform contributions before termination of employment and the provisions of 8506(1)(f) may be applied to both pre- and post- reform contributions if the plan provides for it. We no longer require pre-reform benefits that were transferred to a registered retirement savings plan on retirement under paragraph 9(b) of the Circular to be locked-in. Opting out of a plan Under the rules of the Circular, a plan may be terminated by the employer or a plan member may discontinue contributions or participation. The employer, however, may not suspend contributions. A plan can allow members to suspend contributions for a period of not more than two years. The Regulations do not prohibit employees from opting out of a pension plan by terminating or suspending their participation, nor the employer from suspending contributions to the plan, if the plan provides for it. Employees may commute their benefits, including pre-reform benefits, when they opt out of a plan. The conditions listed above will apply to any pre-reform benefits that are commuted. Report a problem or mistake on this page - Date modified:	1,414	[ 128000, 68268, 912, 13, 220, 6083, 12, 717, 11, 6947, 23539, 323, 16963, 287, 4470, 315, 264, 81557, 9878, 198, 33246, 220, 23, 11, 220, 2550, 17, 198, 38255, 198, 791, 33620, 15545, 49357, 1397, 430, 682, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 3984, 1234, 264, 4613, 8935, 17575, 315, 264, 9879, 28781, 3197, 387, 22281, 311, 279, 9675, 315, 5165, 38493, 13, 1115, 29790, 279, 6011, 311, 3136, 311, 3881, 264, 1396, 315, 17294, 304, 8245, 46861, 220, 5332, 12, 1032, 49, 23, 430, 617, 539, 1027, 5343, 304, 279, 49357, 477, 430, 1782, 505, 279, 17294, 304, 279, 49357, 627, 2028, 374, 279, 18172, 20846, 430, 15100, 1268, 311, 3881, 279, 502, 28781, 13543, 311, 7720, 3984, 369, 864, 5621, 630, 2532, 1234, 264, 4613, 8935, 477, 3300, 7782, 17575, 315, 264, 9879, 28781, 3197, 13, 1102, 1101, 15100, 902, 23541, 5718, 33740, 304, 8245, 46861, 220, 5332, 12, 1032, 49, 23, 690, 3136, 311, 3881, 13, 7429, 1518, 81557, 40365, 5666, 220, 6083, 12, 20, 627, 2028, 20846, 374, 539, 264, 5897, 2246, 13, 1102, 5829, 14733, 4221, 311, 6179, 3197, 38212, 11, 23234, 11, 323, 28781, 50184, 315, 279, 4787, 430, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 2011, 27651, 304, 2015, 311, 387, 22281, 311, 279, 9675, 13, 578, 2038, 36716, 311, 864, 12, 15180, 7720, 1193, 11, 323, 374, 539, 10825, 311, 14532, 1268, 279, 49357, 3881, 311, 1772, 5621, 630, 7720, 627, 2028, 20846, 19813, 311, 330, 1762, 12, 15180, 1, 323, 330, 2252, 5621, 630, 1, 2532, 323, 7720, 13, 5075, 5621, 630, 2532, 3445, 864, 12, 2550, 16, 2532, 369, 682, 6787, 3734, 38950, 291, 6787, 627, 32, 38950, 291, 3197, 374, 264, 3197, 902, 5727, 264, 4613, 8935, 17575, 323, 902, 574, 9879, 389, 5587, 220, 1544, 11, 220, 3753, 23, 477, 369, 902, 459, 3851, 369, 12506, 574, 1903, 1603, 5587, 220, 1591, 11, 220, 3753, 23, 13, 1102, 374, 1101, 264, 3197, 430, 574, 9749, 311, 8454, 4613, 7720, 369, 832, 477, 810, 7931, 1234, 2500, 38950, 291, 3197, 13, 5075, 5621, 630, 2532, 369, 38950, 291, 6787, 3445, 682, 2532, 4972, 311, 279, 6931, 315, 6186, 220, 16, 11, 220, 2550, 17, 323, 279, 7524, 2457, 315, 279, 28238, 1903, 311, 279, 3197, 311, 26069, 449, 279, 8670, 315, 279, 33620, 15545, 49357, 13, 2052, 2532, 1306, 1884, 13003, 374, 1772, 5621, 630, 2532, 13, 5075, 5621, 630, 7720, 527, 7720, 430, 86659, 361, 304, 5201, 315, 264, 4261, 315, 864, 5621, 630, 2532, 13, 2052, 1023, 7720, 527, 1772, 5621, 630, 7720, 627, 2028, 20846, 1587, 539, 3881, 311, 7720, 3984, 311, 8599, 11434, 439, 4613, 304, 23695, 220, 16217, 15, 7, 18, 8, 315, 279, 49357, 11, 477, 311, 8717, 477, 54273, 1105, 323, 872, 66312, 7389, 11951, 11224, 6062, 13, 578, 5718, 369, 1521, 7931, 527, 33740, 304, 81557, 40365, 5666, 220, 5925, 12, 16, 627, 1687, 6562, 311, 24928, 499, 430, 279, 49357, 4250, 387, 9435, 311, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 304, 864, 12, 31294, 220, 5162, 23, 323, 220, 3753, 15, 63342, 6787, 422, 3815, 779, 690, 5376, 279, 7720, 477, 279, 7194, 1234, 279, 6787, 627, 1110, 32071, 315, 4613, 7720, 198, 16648, 279, 5718, 315, 279, 46861, 11, 28781, 7720, 649, 8965, 1193, 387, 1081, 2844, 1306, 4648, 11, 35508, 315, 14740, 11, 477, 35508, 315, 279, 3197, 4972, 311, 279, 21624, 315, 279, 4562, 627, 43265, 220, 16217, 18, 7, 17, 2432, 76, 8, 315, 279, 33620, 15545, 49357, 6276, 369, 279, 8323, 520, 904, 892, 315, 264, 49629, 2694, 505, 264, 4613, 8935, 17575, 1405, 279, 49629, 2694, 1587, 539, 12771, 279, 3118, 907, 315, 279, 7720, 1694, 2728, 709, 13, 11208, 279, 7720, 527, 539, 31681, 11, 477, 1193, 26310, 31681, 11, 499, 649, 8417, 279, 3118, 907, 439, 422, 279, 7720, 1051, 7373, 31681, 13, 1102, 1288, 387, 27569, 430, 1418, 279, 49357, 11810, 7720, 311, 387, 1081, 2844, 11, 1023, 28781, 8935, 13543, 1253, 48486, 279, 1081, 23539, 627, 25370, 1253, 59263, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 1603, 35508, 315, 14740, 323, 279, 19705, 315, 220, 16217, 18, 7, 17, 2432, 76, 8, 1253, 387, 9435, 311, 2225, 864, 12, 323, 1772, 5621, 630, 7720, 422, 279, 3197, 5825, 369, 433, 13, 1115, 1101, 17208, 311, 279, 1081, 23539, 315, 7720, 902, 617, 2736, 22088, 311, 387, 7318, 13, 1442, 499, 1390, 311, 1005, 279, 53080, 32946, 11, 4587, 5296, 430, 279, 3197, 2011, 539, 1193, 2187, 279, 7720, 311, 387, 1081, 2844, 11, 719, 433, 2011, 1101, 1614, 430, 279, 1081, 2844, 907, 5764, 1023, 7720, 11, 32125, 11, 279, 7720, 5535, 1234, 75915, 220, 16217, 18, 7, 17, 2432, 76, 2432, 3893, 4390, 1687, 912, 5129, 1397, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 430, 1051, 23217, 311, 264, 9879, 21624, 19523, 3197, 389, 21624, 1234, 14646, 220, 24, 1921, 8, 315, 279, 46861, 311, 387, 16447, 3502, 627, 2746, 3697, 527, 5535, 311, 59263, 872, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 11, 279, 3197, 2011, 1614, 430, 279, 4261, 315, 864, 12, 15180, 2532, 4250, 387, 41857, 1578, 1234, 279, 3197, 449, 430, 19683, 477, 264, 34665, 19683, 13, 39578, 11, 279, 3197, 706, 311, 2019, 430, 422, 279, 4562, 25223, 311, 3780, 1203, 279, 2532, 11, 279, 3392, 5995, 311, 3887, 279, 864, 5621, 630, 8935, 2011, 387, 23217, 6089, 505, 264, 9879, 21624, 19523, 3197, 11, 264, 27334, 11626, 11821, 3197, 11, 477, 2500, 9879, 28781, 3197, 13, 1115, 16686, 1101, 17208, 311, 264, 10824, 3300, 7782, 14, 9910, 8935, 3197, 11, 1405, 1193, 279, 3300, 7782, 19564, 527, 7318, 439, 264, 49629, 2694, 13, 763, 420, 1162, 11, 279, 3197, 4250, 387, 31011, 311, 5376, 279, 4613, 7720, 369, 279, 1667, 315, 2532, 23343, 311, 279, 3300, 7782, 19564, 627, 1110, 7129, 287, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 374, 539, 11, 4869, 11, 15480, 369, 864, 12, 6664, 220, 5162, 23, 323, 220, 3753, 15, 63342, 6787, 11, 6463, 369, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 3984, 311, 8717, 477, 54273, 1105, 477, 872, 66312, 369, 2532, 1418, 814, 1051, 8420, 627, 54, 425, 53080, 315, 7720, 369, 864, 12, 15180, 2532, 1253, 387, 19655, 369, 1023, 6787, 3515, 8599, 11434, 439, 3697, 3984, 430, 814, 649, 3136, 311, 3449, 279, 220, 1135, 14, 1135, 3118, 907, 1296, 439, 520, 6790, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 2550, 15, 11, 369, 502, 6787, 323, 6790, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 2550, 16, 11, 369, 38950, 291, 6787, 13, 4452, 11, 499, 617, 311, 2804, 279, 1296, 1701, 1193, 279, 4642, 3697, 520, 279, 892, 315, 279, 1081, 23539, 11, 323, 3196, 389, 279, 7720, 99216, 311, 1884, 3697, 520, 6790, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 2550, 15, 11, 477, 6790, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 2550, 16, 11, 54784, 374, 8581, 627, 20799, 315, 264, 49629, 2694, 505, 264, 3300, 7782, 17575, 198, 43265, 220, 16217, 21, 7, 16, 2432, 69, 8, 315, 279, 49357, 29790, 279, 8323, 505, 264, 3300, 7782, 17575, 315, 264, 49629, 2694, 3392, 11, 2737, 5217, 37079, 19564, 11, 709, 311, 279, 8335, 304, 264, 4562, 596, 2759, 13, 2684, 527, 912, 4787, 65951, 1521, 14507, 627, 25370, 1253, 5371, 14507, 315, 864, 5621, 630, 19564, 1603, 35508, 315, 14740, 323, 279, 19705, 315, 220, 16217, 21, 7, 16, 2432, 69, 8, 1253, 387, 9435, 311, 2225, 864, 12, 323, 1772, 12, 15180, 19564, 422, 279, 3197, 5825, 369, 433, 627, 1687, 912, 5129, 1397, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 430, 1051, 23217, 311, 264, 9879, 21624, 19523, 3197, 389, 21624, 1234, 14646, 220, 24, 1921, 8, 315, 279, 46861, 311, 387, 16447, 3502, 627, 22078, 287, 704, 315, 264, 3197, 198, 16648, 279, 5718, 315, 279, 46861, 11, 264, 3197, 1253, 387, 32372, 555, 279, 19683, 477, 264, 3197, 4562, 1253, 834, 9726, 19564, 477, 20852, 13, 578, 19683, 11, 4869, 11, 1253, 539, 27343, 19564, 13, 362, 3197, 649, 2187, 3697, 311, 27343, 19564, 369, 264, 4261, 315, 539, 810, 1109, 1403, 1667, 627, 791, 49357, 656, 539, 48486, 8420, 505, 75701, 704, 315, 264, 28781, 3197, 555, 71681, 477, 9482, 2518, 872, 20852, 11, 6463, 279, 19683, 505, 9482, 2518, 19564, 311, 279, 3197, 11, 422, 279, 3197, 5825, 369, 433, 627, 55352, 1253, 59263, 872, 7720, 11, 2737, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 11, 994, 814, 3469, 704, 315, 264, 3197, 13, 578, 4787, 10212, 3485, 690, 3881, 311, 904, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 430, 527, 1081, 2844, 627, 10577, 264, 3575, 477, 16930, 389, 420, 2199, 198, 12, 2696, 11041, 25, 128001 ]
We can never predict from where inspiration will strike and with that in mind, I will also blog about various work that I've found influencial over the years. In the second part of the book, the Tuetonic countryside has been invaded by Attilla and his Huns. Kreimhilda is still grieving over the death of Siegfried, whom she realizes now that she loved. Because of her guilt in unwhitingly helping to kill Siegfried, Kreimhilda chooses to consort with Attilla in an effort to realize her revenge against her brothers for Siegfried's death.	122	[ 128000, 1687, 649, 2646, 7168, 505, 1405, 20343, 690, 13471, 323, 449, 430, 304, 4059, 11, 358, 690, 1101, 5117, 922, 5370, 990, 430, 358, 3077, 1766, 6791, 45412, 927, 279, 1667, 627, 644, 279, 2132, 961, 315, 279, 2363, 11, 279, 350, 14127, 14338, 47967, 706, 1027, 64765, 555, 7867, 6374, 323, 813, 473, 11099, 13, 30718, 318, 71, 56261, 374, 2103, 91844, 927, 279, 4648, 315, 8663, 46224, 4588, 11, 8884, 1364, 52694, 1457, 430, 1364, 10456, 13, 9393, 315, 1077, 34951, 304, 653, 1336, 5977, 398, 10695, 311, 5622, 8663, 46224, 4588, 11, 30718, 318, 71, 56261, 41011, 311, 63929, 449, 7867, 6374, 304, 459, 5149, 311, 13383, 1077, 37169, 2403, 1077, 20820, 369, 8663, 46224, 4588, 596, 4648, 13, 128001 ]
INTRODUCTION — Diagnostic classification of sleep disorders is important because it standardizes definitions, improves awareness of the conditions, promotes a broad differential diagnosis, and facilitates a systematic diagnostic approach. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) is the most widely used classification system for sleep disorders. The third edition of the ICSD (ICSD-3) includes seven major categories of sleep disorders : ●Sleep-related breathing disorders ●Central disorders of hypersomnolence ●Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders ●Sleep-related movement disorders ●Other sleep disorders ICSD-3 includes 60 specific diagnoses within the seven major categories, as well as an appendix for classification of sleep disorders associated with medical and neurologic disorders. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) codes corresponding to each specific diagnosis can be found within the ICSD-3 . Furthermore, pediatric diagnoses are not distinguished from adult diagnoses except for sleep-related breathing disorders . The ICSD-3 complements and refers to the regularly updated Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events, published by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine . The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) also classifies sleep disorders in a manner that largely parallels the ICSD-3 system . INSOMNIA — The ICSD-3 identifies three distinct types of insomnia: short-term insomnia disorder, chronic insomnia disorder, and other insomnia disorder (when the patient has insomnia symptoms but does not meet criteria for the other two types of insomnia). Previous editions had subclassified chronic insomnia disorder into primary and comorbid types, but these were eliminated in the ICSD-3 because they did not improve diagnostic accuracy [1,2]. Chronic insomnia disorder — The ICSD-3 consolidates all chronic insomnia diagnoses under a single disorder, chronic insomnia disorder . Chronic insomnia disorder requires a report of a sleep initiation or sleep maintenance problem, adequate opportunity and circumstances to sleep, and daytime consequences as the result of the insomnia symptoms. (See "Evaluation and diagnosis of insomnia in adults", section on 'Types of insomnia'.) To meet diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia disorder, the patient should have symptoms at least three times per week over a duration of three or more months. Since insomnia is a component of many psychiatric and medical conditions, a diagnosis of chronic insomnia disorder should be considered only when the insomnia is prominent and requires further evaluation and treatment. Short-term insomnia disorder — A diagnosis of short-term insomnia disorder must meet the same criteria as chronic insomnia except that the symptoms have been present for less than three months. The development is often temporally related to a significant stressor. To make this diagnosis, the insomnia must be an independent focus for the patient and/or require separate clinical attention. This type of insomnia often resolves when the stressor does, or when the patient develops adequate coping mechanisms or adapts to the stressor . However, in some cases this may evolve into a chronic insomnia disorder. SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS — Sleep-related breathing disorders are characterized by abnormal respiration during sleep; they occur in both adults and children . There are four major groups of sleep-related breathing disorders: ●Central sleep apnea syndromes ●Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disorders ●Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders ●Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder These groups are further divided according to their etiology. Snoring lies on a continuum between normal and abnormal. Snoring without associated airway compromise, sleep disturbance, or other consequences is essentially normal, whereas heavy snoring is often part of OSA. (See "Snoring in adults".) Central sleep apnea syndromes — The central sleep apnea syndromes include: ●Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing (see "Central sleep apnea: Risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis") ●Central sleep apnea due a medical disorder without Cheyne-Stokes breathing (see "Central sleep apnea: Risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis") ●Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing ●Central sleep apnea due to a medication or substance (see "Sleep-disordered breathing in patients chronically using opioids") ●Primary central sleep apnea ●Primary central sleep apnea of infancy ●Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity ●Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (see "Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea") Of note, treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (often referred to as complex sleep apnea in the past) was a new addition to the ICSD-3 . The criteria for this disorder include the demonstration of primarily OSA during diagnostic polysomnography. Upon initiation of treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) without a backup rate, there is emergence or persistence of central apneic events despite resolution of obstructive sleep apnea. These central apneic events also cannot be attributed to another identifiable comorbidity such as Cheyne-Stokes breathing or use of a substance (eg, opioids). Note that some patients may have central apneic events which emerge during initial PAP titration, often when transitioning from wake to sleep. These central events may resolve with implementation of and good adherence to PAP therapy (usually within one month). Verification that these central apneas have resolved can often be made with PAP machine downloads during clinical follow-up. (See "Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea".) Obstructive sleep apnea disorders — The OSA disorders include OSA in adults and OSA in children. (See "Evaluation of suspected obstructive sleep apnea in children" and "Clinical presentation and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adults".) The diagnosis of OSA in adults is made when there are 15 or more primarily obstructive respiratory events per hour, even in the absence of associated symptoms or comorbid disorders [1-3]. In adults with medical or psychiatric comorbidities (eg, hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, or mood disorder) or signs or symptoms including excessive sleepiness, fatigue, and/or insomnia, the diagnosis of OSA can be made when there are five or more predominantly obstructive respiratory events per hour. (See "Clinical presentation and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adults", section on 'Diagnosis'.) Although in-laboratory polysomnography has long been used to evaluate for OSA, home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) is an alternative diagnostic test in selected patients. Many HSAT procedures measure the respiratory disturbance index based on recording time. Thus, it is important to be aware that HSAT may underestimate respiratory event frequency because recording time, and not sleep time, is utilized for the calculation of the index. (See "Home sleep apnea testing for obstructive sleep apnea in adults".) Pediatric criteria for OSA require that at least one clinical finding (snoring, labored breathing, apnea, daytime sleepiness, hyperactivity, or other findings) is present. Polysomnographic criteria require the presence of one or more obstructive events per hour of sleep or, alternatively, evidence of obstructive hypoventilation (PaCO2 >50 mmHg for >25 percent of sleep time and associated snoring, flattening of nasal airway pressure waveform, or paradoxical thoraco-abdominal movement). (See "Evaluation of suspected obstructive sleep apnea in children", section on 'Polysomnography'.) Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders — The sleep-related hypoventilation disorders include: ●Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (see "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of obesity hypoventilation syndrome") ●Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (see "Disorders of ventilatory control", section on 'Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome' and "Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and other causes of sleep-related hypoventilation in children") ●Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction (see "Disorders of ventilatory control", section on 'Late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome' and "Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and other causes of sleep-related hypoventilation in children", section on 'Late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome') ●Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation ●Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medication or substance ●Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medical disorder Because hypoventilation is defined by elevated PaCO2 levels, the criteria for sleep-related hypoventilation require the presence of elevated PaCO2 levels either directly (by arterial blood gas measurement) or indirectly (by end-tidal CO2 or transcutaneous CO2 measurements). When sustained drops in arterial oxygen saturation (<88 percent for >5 minutes) occur in the absence of CO2 monitoring, the separate diagnosis of sleep-related hypoxemia disorder is utilized. While sleep-related hypoxemia is often a reflection of underlying hypoventilation, clinicians should also consider other causes of hypoxemia (eg, change in ventilation/perfusion [V/Q] distribution). The ICSD-3 also includes diagnostic criteria for obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Criteria require daytime elevation of PaCO2 (>45 mmHg) in a patient with a body mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/m2, as well as no other underlying cause for hypoventilation (such as lung disease, neuromuscular disease, or medications). Demonstration of daytime hypoventilation is not required to diagnose other forms of sleep-related hypoventilation. (See "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of obesity hypoventilation syndrome".) Pulmonary disorders (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma) are not considered sleep-related breathing disorders themselves; however, they can cause or exacerbate abnormal breathing (eg, hypoventilation, hypoxemia) during sleep. In this context, the diagnosis of sleep-related hypoventilation or hypoxemia is made. Sleep-related laryngospasm and choking are also not considered sleep-related breathing disorders; instead, they are considered medical disorders which may arise from sleep. CENTRAL DISORDERS OF HYPERSOMNOLENCE — The central disorders of hypersomnolence include those disorders in which the primary complaint is daytime sleepiness that is not due to another sleep disorder, including disturbed sleep or misaligned circadian rhythms . Excessive sleepiness is defined as daily episodes of an irrepressible need to sleep or daytime lapse into sleep . The central disorders of hypersomnolence include: ●Narcolepsy type 1 ●Narcolepsy type 2 ●Hypersomnia due to a medical disorder ●Hypersomnia due to a medication or substance ●Hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder ●Insufficient sleep syndrome In diagnosing central disorders of hypersomnolence, careful evaluation for sleep deprivation (ie, insufficient sleep syndrome) should be carried out, especially in patients who may require longer sleep periods to achieve adequate daytime alertness. Sleep logs and/or actigraphy for at least a week prior to evaluation of objective sleepiness with a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) help verify a regular sleep-wake schedule and adequate sleep time. Diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnolence include MSLT criteria. (See "Approach to the patient with excessive daytime sleepiness".) Narcolepsy — Narcolepsy type 1 includes patients with excessive sleepiness plus cataplexy and/or hypocretin-1 deficiency. Narcolepsy type 1 is diagnosed by either cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 deficiency (<110 pg/mL, or less than one-third of the normative values on a standardized assay); or a mean sleep latency of ≤8 minutes and two sleep onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs; within 15 minutes of sleep onset) on an MSLT (and/or the overnight polysomnogram), along with a history of clear cataplexy episodes. Note that not all patients with hypocretin-1 deficiency have cataplexy; however, they are still characterized as having narcolepsy type 1. Many will develop cataplexy later in the course of the disorder. Commercial assays for hypocretin determination are now available. (See "Clinical features and diagnosis of narcolepsy in adults", section on 'Other laboratory tests'.) Narcolepsy type 2 is diagnosed with the same MSLT and SOREMP criteria as described in narcolepsy type 1; however, cataplexy and/or cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 deficiency (if measured) are not present. A high rate of false positive MSLTs for narcolepsy type 2 has been described. In all likelihood, many of these false positives are due to inadequate preparation (ie, untreated insufficient sleep and/or altered circadian sleep-wake patterns) prior to testing. Idiopathic hypersomnia — Idiopathic hypersomnia is diagnosed when the patient has subjective sleepiness with an MSLT showing a mean sleep latency of ≤8 minutes with fewer than two SOREMPs on the MSLT plus the overnight polysomnogram, along with the absence of cataplexy or hypocretin-1 deficiency (if measured). It is important to rule out other causes of hypersomnolence, including sleep deprivation. Based on the available evidence, it is unclear whether idiopathic hypersomnia is a single definable disorder or a diverse group of disorders with different pathological mechanisms resulting in a similar clinical phenotype. (See "Idiopathic hypersomnia".) Kleine-Levin syndrome — Kleine-Levin syndrome and insufficient sleep syndrome are reviewed elsewhere. (See "Kleine-Levin syndrome (recurrent hypersomnia)" and "Insufficient sleep: Definition, epidemiology, and adverse outcomes".) Other hypersomnias — In hypersomnia due to a medical disorder or a medication or substance, as well as hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder, the diagnosis can be made without performing an MSLT. Clinical judgment is important in diagnosing all central disorders of hypersomnolence. Furthermore, other sleep disorders (eg, obstructive sleep apnea or circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders) can give rise to excessive sleep time and hypersomnolence and must be properly diagnosed and treated before the diagnosis of a central disorder of hypersomnolence is made. (See "Excessive daytime sleepiness due to medical disorders and medications".) Insufficient sleep should not be overlooked as one of the most common causes of daytime sleepiness. (See "Insufficient sleep: Definition, epidemiology, and adverse outcomes" and "Insufficient sleep: Evaluation and management".) CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS — Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders are characterized by a chronic or recurrent sleep disturbance due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between the environment and an individual's sleep-wake cycle . General criteria common to all of the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders include: ●A chronic or recurrent pattern of sleep-wake rhythm disruption caused by an alteration in the endogenous circadian timing system and the desired or required sleep-wake schedule ●The presence of a sleep-wake disturbance, including insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness ●Associated distress or impairment All disorders, except jet lag disorder, require a symptom duration of at least three months. Optimally, circadian timing is documented objectively with actigraphy and/or biomarkers such as dim-light melatonin onset. Validated questionnaires, including the morningness-eveningness questionnaire to identify chronotype, can also be helpful but are not required to make the diagnosis of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. (See "Overview of circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorders".) There are several types of circadian rhythm disorders: ●Shift work disorder and jet lag disorder are the most common types of circadian rhythm sleep disturbances, although these do not often come to medical attention. (See "Jet lag" and "Sleep-wake disturbances in shift workers".) ●Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder is characterized by sleep and wake times that are habitually delayed compared with conventional times. A typical patient has difficulty falling asleep at a conventional bedtime and awakens late in the morning. Sleep is often normal once it is initiated. However, some patients will develop a comorbid chronic insomnia problem, which may result in difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, even on the delayed schedule. This disorder is most prevalent in adolescents and younger adults. (See "Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder".) ●Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder is characterized by sleep and wake times that are habitually early compared with conventional times. A typical patient falls asleep early and awakens early spontaneously. This disorder is not commonly reported, but it is more likely to be observed in older adults. (See "Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder".) ●Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder is characterized by lack of a clearly defined circadian rhythm of sleep and wake. This disorder is commonly associated with developmental disorders in children and in adults with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease. (See "Sleep-wake disturbances and sleep disorders in patients with dementia".) ●Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder is characterized by fluctuating periods of insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness that occur because the intrinsic circadian pacemaker is not entrained to a 24-hour light/dark cycle. Most individuals with this disorder are totally blind, and the failure to entrain circadian rhythms is related to the lack of photic input to the circadian pacemaker. (See "Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder".) ●Circadian sleep-wake disorder not otherwise characterized. ●Circadian rhythm disorders can also be due to a medical, psychiatric, or neurologic disorder. PARASOMNIAS — Parasomnias are undesirable physical events (complex movements, behaviors) or experiences (emotions, perceptions, dreams) that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep, or during arousals from sleep . The observed behaviors are more complex and appear more purposeful than the stereotyped activity seen in movement disorders. (See "Approach to abnormal movements and behaviors during sleep".) The parasomnia category is divided into non-rapid eye movement (NREM)-related parasomnias, rapid eye movement (REM)-related parasomnias, and other parasomnias. Sleep talking is considered a normal variant and occurs at some time in most normal sleepers. NREM-related parasomnias — NREM-related parasomnias are disorders of arousal. They include confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and sleep-related eating disorder. (See "Parasomnias of childhood, including sleepwalking" and "Disorders of arousal from non-rapid eye movement sleep in adults".) The general criteria for the NREM-related parasomnias include: ●Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening associated with abnormal behaviors and/or experiences ●Absent or inappropriate responsiveness ●Limited or no cognition or dream report, and ●Partial or complete amnesia for the event Each disorder has further diagnostic criteria; however, patients may meet diagnostic criteria for more than one condition. As an example, an individual can meet criteria for both sleep terrors and sleepwalking. REM-related parasomnias — REM-related parasomnias involve the intrusion of the features of REM sleep into wakefulness (eg, sleep paralysis), exaggeration of the features of REM sleep (eg, nightmare disorder), or aberrations of REM sleep physiology (eg, lack of atonia as observed in REM sleep behavior disorder). Diagnosis of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) requires the presence of repeated episodes of behavior or vocalization during REM sleep. In addition, there must be evidence of REM sleep without atonia during polysomnography. Clinical findings of RBD may also be noted in patients taking certain medications, especially serotonergic antidepressants. In these patients, the diagnosis of RBD is still made (and not parasomnia due to medication or substance) if the diagnostic criteria for RBD are met. A high percentage of patients with the idiopathic variety of RBD will eventually develop an alpha-synucleinopathy, most often Parkinson disease. Therefore, neurological evaluation and follow-up is essential. (See "Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder".) Nightmare disorder is characterized by recurrent, highly dysphoric or anxiety-laden dreams that are clearly recalled upon awakening and result in significant distress or impairment. Nightmares are a common element of other disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder. This diagnosis is made only when the nightmares become a focus of clinical attention or require independent treatment. (See "Nightmares and nightmare disorder in adults".) Other parasomnias — Other parasomnias bear no specific relationship to sleep stage. These include: exploding head syndrome, sleep-related hallucinations, sleep enuresis, parasomnia associated with medical disorders, parasomnia due to a medication or substance, and unspecified parasomnia. (See "Approach to abnormal movements and behaviors during sleep".) SLEEP-RELATED MOVEMENT DISORDERS — Sleep-related movement disorders are characterized by simple, stereotypic movements that disturb sleep . Patients may or may not be aware of these movements. (See "Approach to abnormal movements and behaviors during sleep".) Symptoms of sleep disturbance (eg, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, fatigue) are required to diagnose a sleep-related movement disorder. Movements that occur during sleep but do not adversely affect sleep or daytime function are not considered a sleep-related movement disorder. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is also included in this group of disorders; however, dysesthesias during wakefulness are the primary symptom. Sleep-related movement disorders include: ●Restless legs syndrome ●Periodic limb movement disorder ●Sleep-related bruxism (teeth grinding) ●Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder ●Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy ●Propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset ●Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medical disorder ●Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medication or substance ●Sleep-related movement disorder, unspecified Restless legs syndrome — RLS is categorized as a sleep-related movement disorder due to its close association with periodic limb movements and its temporal relationship to sleep onset, even though it does not primarily manifest as simple, stereotypic movements. (See "Clinical features and diagnosis of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults" and "Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in children".) The ICSD-3 diagnostic criteria for RLS include the urge to move the legs and/or the presence of uncomfortable sensations that occur primarily with rest/inactivity. These symptoms are at least partially relieved with movement (as long as the movement persists) and have a circadian aspect in that the symptoms occur primarily in the evening or night . Also, the ICSD-3 criteria require that an associated sleep disorder, distress, or impairment is present. (See "Clinical features and diagnosis of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults", section on 'Diagnosis'.) Periodic limb movement disorder — Periodic limb movements are frequently noted during polysomnography. For periodic limb movements to be considered a disorder, they must occur on polysomnography more than 15 times per hour in adults or more than 5 times per hour in children. In addition, an individual must report a sleep disturbance or some form of functional impairment that is causally related to the periodic limb movements. (See "Polysomnography in the evaluation of abnormal movements during sleep", section on 'Periodic limb movements of sleep'.) Periodic limb movement disorder should not be diagnosed with concurrent untreated obstructive sleep apnea, RLS, narcolepsy, or REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), since periodic limb movements are commonly seen with these disorders. OTHER SLEEP DISORDERS — This category includes sleep disorders that cannot be appropriately classified elsewhere in the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), either because the disorder overlaps with more than one category or when insufficient data has been collected to firmly establish another diagnosis . Disorders that are exclusively related to environmental disturbance may also be classified here. APPENDICES — The third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) includes two appendices : ●Appendix A includes diagnoses that can be classified as medical or neurologic disorders (eg, fatal familial insomnia, sleep-related epilepsy or headaches, sleep-related laryngospasm, sleep-related gastroesophageal reflux, and sleep-related myocardial ischemia). (See "Diseases of the central nervous system caused by prions", section on 'Fatal familial insomnia'.) ●Appendix B is a guide to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-CM) coding for substance-induced sleep disorders. INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials, "The Basics" and "Beyond the Basics." The Basics patient education pieces are written in plain language, at the 5th to 6th grade reading level, and they answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition. These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy-to-read materials. Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. These articles are written at the 10th to 12th grade reading level and are best for patients who want in-depth information and are comfortable with some medical jargon. Here are the patient education articles that are relevant to this topic. We encourage you to print or e-mail these topics to your patients. (You can also locate patient education articles on a variety of subjects by searching on "patient info" and the keyword(s) of interest.) ●Beyond the Basics topics: ●The third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) classifies sleep disorders into seven major categories: insomnia disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnia, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, parasomnias, sleep-related movement disorders, and other sleep disorders. (See 'Introduction' above.) ●The ICSD-3 identifies three distinct types of insomnia: short-term insomnia disorder, chronic insomnia disorder, and other insomnia disorder (when the patient has insomnia symptoms but does not meet criteria for the other two types of insomnia). (See 'Insomnia' above.) ●Sleep-related breathing disorders are characterized by abnormal respiration during sleep; they occur in both adults and children. There are four major groups of sleep-related breathing disorders: central sleep apnea syndromes, obstructive sleep apnea syndromes, sleep-related hypoventilation disorders, and sleep-related hypoxemia disorder. (See 'Sleep-related breathing disorders' above.) ●The central disorders of hypersomnolence include those disorders in which the primary complaint is daytime sleepiness that is not due to another sleep disorder, including disturbed sleep or misaligned circadian rhythms. (See 'Central disorders of hypersomnolence' above.) ●Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders are characterized by a chronic or recurrent sleep disturbance due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between the environment and an individual's sleep-wake cycle. (See 'Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders' above.) ●Parasomnias are undesirable physical events (movements, behaviors) or experiences (emotions, perceptions, dreams) that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep, or during arousals from sleep. (See 'Parasomnias' above.) ●Sleep-related movement disorders are characterized by simple, stereotypic movements that disturb sleep. Restless legs syndrome is the most common sleep-related movement disorder, although dysesthesias during wakefulness are the primary symptom. (See 'Sleep-related movement disorders' above.)	6,024	[ 128000, 3301, 91199, 2001, 51088, 24790, 315, 6212, 24673, 374, 3062, 1606, 433, 5410, 4861, 17931, 11, 36050, 17985, 315, 279, 4787, 11, 39990, 264, 7353, 41264, 23842, 11, 323, 73633, 264, 37538, 15439, 5603, 627, 791, 7327, 55982, 315, 24708, 73133, 320, 1341, 5608, 8, 374, 279, 1455, 13882, 1511, 24790, 1887, 369, 6212, 24673, 13, 578, 4948, 14002, 315, 279, 19845, 5608, 320, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 8, 5764, 8254, 3682, 11306, 315, 6212, 24673, 6394, 45048, 42845, 14228, 27027, 24673, 198, 45048, 44503, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 198, 45048, 34, 2496, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 24673, 198, 45048, 11663, 6212, 24673, 198, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 5764, 220, 1399, 3230, 85488, 2949, 279, 8254, 3682, 11306, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 459, 88677, 369, 24790, 315, 6212, 24673, 5938, 449, 6593, 323, 18247, 25205, 24673, 13, 578, 7327, 55982, 315, 70674, 320, 1341, 35, 12, 24, 7813, 44, 323, 358, 6620, 12, 605, 7813, 44, 8, 14236, 12435, 311, 1855, 3230, 23842, 649, 387, 1766, 2949, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 662, 24296, 11, 53166, 85488, 527, 539, 39575, 505, 6822, 85488, 3734, 369, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 662, 578, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 1946, 1392, 323, 19813, 311, 279, 15870, 6177, 14881, 369, 279, 2522, 5620, 315, 24708, 323, 26475, 18093, 11, 4756, 555, 279, 3778, 16192, 315, 24708, 19152, 16853, 791, 18172, 14002, 315, 279, 51088, 323, 66794, 14881, 315, 38895, 73133, 320, 6061, 44, 12, 20, 8, 1101, 538, 9803, 6212, 24673, 304, 264, 11827, 430, 14090, 72474, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 1887, 16853, 9751, 1937, 45, 5987, 2001, 578, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 36611, 2380, 12742, 4595, 315, 83511, 25, 2875, 9860, 83511, 19823, 11, 21249, 83511, 19823, 11, 323, 1023, 83511, 19823, 320, 9493, 279, 8893, 706, 83511, 13803, 719, 1587, 539, 3449, 13186, 369, 279, 1023, 1403, 4595, 315, 83511, 570, 30013, 47634, 1047, 38290, 1908, 21249, 83511, 19823, 1139, 6156, 323, 470, 269, 21301, 4595, 11, 719, 1521, 1051, 34373, 304, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 1606, 814, 1550, 539, 7417, 15439, 13708, 510, 16, 11, 17, 27218, 1163, 8535, 83511, 19823, 2001, 578, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 28230, 988, 682, 21249, 83511, 85488, 1234, 264, 3254, 19823, 11, 21249, 83511, 19823, 662, 73782, 83511, 19823, 7612, 264, 1934, 315, 264, 6212, 61568, 477, 6212, 13709, 3575, 11, 26613, 6776, 323, 13463, 311, 6212, 11, 323, 62182, 16296, 439, 279, 1121, 315, 279, 83511, 13803, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 83463, 323, 23842, 315, 83511, 304, 12884, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 4266, 315, 83511, 4527, 340, 1271, 3449, 15439, 13186, 369, 21249, 83511, 19823, 11, 279, 8893, 1288, 617, 13803, 520, 3325, 2380, 3115, 824, 2046, 927, 264, 8250, 315, 2380, 477, 810, 4038, 13, 8876, 83511, 374, 264, 3777, 315, 1690, 47657, 323, 6593, 4787, 11, 264, 23842, 315, 21249, 83511, 19823, 1288, 387, 6646, 1193, 994, 279, 83511, 374, 21102, 323, 7612, 4726, 16865, 323, 6514, 627, 12755, 9860, 83511, 19823, 2001, 362, 23842, 315, 2875, 9860, 83511, 19823, 2011, 3449, 279, 1890, 13186, 439, 21249, 83511, 3734, 430, 279, 13803, 617, 1027, 3118, 369, 2753, 1109, 2380, 4038, 13, 578, 4500, 374, 3629, 19502, 750, 5552, 311, 264, 5199, 8631, 269, 13, 2057, 1304, 420, 23842, 11, 279, 83511, 2011, 387, 459, 9678, 5357, 369, 279, 8893, 323, 5255, 1397, 8821, 14830, 6666, 13, 1115, 955, 315, 83511, 3629, 64397, 994, 279, 8631, 269, 1587, 11, 477, 994, 279, 8893, 39671, 26613, 63082, 24717, 477, 39732, 2641, 311, 279, 8631, 269, 662, 4452, 11, 304, 1063, 5157, 420, 1253, 38680, 1139, 264, 21249, 83511, 19823, 627, 50, 44390, 12, 35420, 81662, 4932, 1753, 12244, 4373, 4419, 2001, 24708, 14228, 27027, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 35663, 594, 29579, 2391, 6212, 26, 814, 12446, 304, 2225, 12884, 323, 2911, 662, 2684, 527, 3116, 3682, 5315, 315, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 512, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 198, 45048, 4213, 1257, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 320, 3204, 32, 8, 24673, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 24673, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 9950, 5241, 22689, 19823, 198, 9673, 5315, 527, 4726, 18255, 4184, 311, 872, 1880, 31226, 627, 21380, 5620, 15812, 389, 264, 86901, 1990, 4725, 323, 35663, 13, 13358, 5620, 2085, 5938, 3805, 3195, 30485, 11, 6212, 65858, 11, 477, 1023, 16296, 374, 16168, 4725, 11, 20444, 8987, 4224, 5620, 374, 3629, 961, 315, 507, 7934, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 21380, 5620, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 2001, 578, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 2997, 512, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 449, 8602, 82808, 40720, 8099, 27027, 320, 4151, 330, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 25, 32388, 9547, 11, 14830, 15864, 11, 323, 23842, 1158, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 4245, 264, 6593, 19823, 2085, 8602, 82808, 40720, 8099, 27027, 320, 4151, 330, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 25, 32388, 9547, 11, 14830, 15864, 11, 323, 23842, 1158, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 4245, 311, 1579, 36958, 39445, 27027, 198, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 320, 4151, 330, 42845, 10694, 10767, 27027, 304, 6978, 27076, 2740, 1701, 84460, 1158, 45048, 16352, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 198, 45048, 16352, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 315, 86617, 198, 45048, 16352, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 315, 6954, 38954, 198, 45048, 99654, 37612, 2431, 306, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 320, 4151, 330, 99654, 37612, 2431, 306, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 1158, 2173, 5296, 11, 6514, 37612, 2431, 306, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 320, 61917, 14183, 311, 439, 6485, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 279, 3347, 8, 574, 264, 502, 5369, 311, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 662, 578, 13186, 369, 420, 19823, 2997, 279, 30816, 315, 15871, 507, 7934, 2391, 15439, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 13, 30538, 61568, 315, 6514, 449, 6928, 3805, 3195, 7410, 320, 47, 2599, 8, 2085, 264, 16101, 4478, 11, 1070, 374, 49179, 477, 42056, 315, 8792, 1469, 818, 292, 4455, 8994, 11175, 315, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 13, 4314, 8792, 1469, 818, 292, 4455, 1101, 4250, 387, 30706, 311, 2500, 72450, 470, 30986, 19025, 1778, 439, 8602, 82808, 40720, 8099, 27027, 477, 1005, 315, 264, 20278, 320, 797, 11, 84460, 4390, 9290, 430, 1063, 6978, 1253, 617, 8792, 1469, 818, 292, 4455, 902, 34044, 2391, 2926, 393, 2599, 8305, 2214, 11, 3629, 994, 73194, 505, 15508, 311, 6212, 13, 4314, 8792, 4455, 1253, 9006, 449, 8292, 315, 323, 1695, 71628, 311, 393, 2599, 15419, 320, 44066, 2949, 832, 2305, 570, 56573, 430, 1521, 8792, 1469, 98357, 617, 20250, 649, 3629, 387, 1903, 449, 393, 2599, 5780, 31572, 2391, 14830, 1833, 5352, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 99654, 37612, 2431, 306, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 3343, 340, 4213, 1257, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 24673, 2001, 578, 507, 7934, 24673, 2997, 507, 7934, 304, 12884, 323, 507, 7934, 304, 2911, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 83463, 315, 24740, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 2911, 1, 323, 330, 96830, 15864, 323, 23842, 315, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 791, 23842, 315, 507, 7934, 304, 12884, 374, 1903, 994, 1070, 527, 220, 868, 477, 810, 15871, 54292, 535, 42631, 4455, 824, 6596, 11, 1524, 304, 279, 19821, 315, 5938, 13803, 477, 470, 269, 21301, 24673, 510, 16, 12, 18, 948, 763, 12884, 449, 6593, 477, 47657, 470, 269, 21301, 1385, 320, 797, 11, 63308, 11, 66298, 65415, 8624, 11, 30670, 532, 95235, 67184, 11, 44385, 535, 4851, 8060, 11, 12943, 11, 20335, 11, 25702, 32403, 11, 477, 20247, 19823, 8, 477, 12195, 477, 13803, 2737, 27639, 6212, 1918, 11, 36709, 11, 323, 5255, 83511, 11, 279, 23842, 315, 507, 7934, 649, 387, 1903, 994, 1070, 527, 4330, 477, 810, 47904, 54292, 535, 42631, 4455, 824, 6596, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 15864, 323, 23842, 315, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 12884, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 22427, 50915, 4527, 340, 16179, 304, 2922, 4422, 5382, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 706, 1317, 1027, 1511, 311, 15806, 369, 507, 7934, 11, 2162, 6212, 1469, 33252, 7649, 320, 12228, 835, 8, 374, 459, 10778, 15439, 1296, 304, 4183, 6978, 13, 9176, 34514, 835, 16346, 6767, 279, 42631, 65858, 1963, 3196, 389, 14975, 892, 13, 14636, 11, 433, 374, 3062, 311, 387, 8010, 430, 34514, 835, 1253, 79583, 42631, 1567, 11900, 1606, 14975, 892, 11, 323, 539, 6212, 892, 11, 374, 34716, 369, 279, 22702, 315, 279, 1963, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 7778, 6212, 1469, 33252, 7649, 369, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 36294, 23336, 13186, 369, 507, 7934, 1397, 430, 520, 3325, 832, 14830, 9455, 320, 9810, 5620, 11, 10278, 3093, 27027, 11, 1469, 33252, 11, 62182, 6212, 1918, 11, 17508, 7323, 11, 477, 1023, 14955, 8, 374, 3118, 13, 3735, 1065, 316, 77, 12968, 13186, 1397, 279, 9546, 315, 832, 477, 810, 54292, 535, 4455, 824, 6596, 315, 6212, 477, 11, 69487, 11, 6029, 315, 54292, 535, 22601, 688, 13763, 320, 20908, 8445, 17, 871, 1135, 9653, 39, 70, 369, 871, 914, 3346, 315, 6212, 892, 323, 5938, 4224, 5620, 11, 52139, 6147, 315, 72188, 3805, 3195, 7410, 73464, 11, 477, 52313, 950, 73833, 16833, 39130, 5717, 992, 7351, 570, 320, 10031, 330, 83463, 315, 24740, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 2911, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 15000, 1065, 316, 77, 5814, 4527, 340, 42845, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 24673, 2001, 578, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 24673, 2997, 512, 45048, 4213, 28222, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 320, 4151, 330, 96830, 78167, 323, 23842, 315, 33048, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 1158, 45048, 31521, 268, 2223, 8792, 453, 588, 7569, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 320, 4151, 330, 4944, 8076, 315, 71702, 5382, 2585, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 31521, 268, 2223, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 6, 323, 330, 31521, 268, 2223, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 323, 1023, 11384, 315, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 304, 2911, 1158, 45048, 62557, 10539, 751, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 449, 45455, 278, 4079, 32403, 320, 4151, 330, 4944, 8076, 315, 71702, 5382, 2585, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 62557, 10539, 751, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 6, 323, 330, 31521, 268, 2223, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 323, 1023, 11384, 315, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 304, 2911, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 62557, 10539, 751, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 1329, 45048, 769, 72, 62209, 8792, 453, 588, 7569, 22601, 688, 13763, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 19823, 198, 18433, 22601, 688, 13763, 374, 4613, 555, 32389, 16056, 8445, 17, 5990, 11, 279, 13186, 369, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 1397, 279, 9546, 315, 32389, 16056, 8445, 17, 5990, 3060, 6089, 320, 1729, 80935, 6680, 6962, 19179, 8, 477, 46345, 320, 1729, 842, 2442, 26966, 7432, 17, 477, 1380, 10453, 18133, 7432, 17, 22323, 570, 3277, 29759, 21701, 304, 80935, 24463, 50843, 23246, 2421, 3346, 369, 871, 20, 4520, 8, 12446, 304, 279, 19821, 315, 7432, 17, 16967, 11, 279, 8821, 23842, 315, 6212, 14228, 9950, 5241, 22689, 19823, 374, 34716, 13, 6104, 6212, 14228, 9950, 5241, 22689, 374, 3629, 264, 22599, 315, 16940, 22601, 688, 13763, 11, 78545, 1288, 1101, 2980, 1023, 11384, 315, 9950, 5241, 22689, 320, 797, 11, 2349, 304, 56234, 45085, 55665, 510, 53, 46374, 60, 8141, 4390, 791, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 1101, 5764, 15439, 13186, 369, 33048, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 13, 14577, 1397, 62182, 27255, 315, 16056, 8445, 17, 77952, 1774, 9653, 39, 70, 8, 304, 264, 8893, 449, 264, 2547, 3148, 1963, 320, 96626, 8, 315, 871, 966, 21647, 3262, 17, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 912, 1023, 16940, 5353, 369, 22601, 688, 13763, 320, 21470, 439, 21271, 8624, 11, 21143, 442, 355, 22077, 8624, 11, 477, 31010, 570, 33405, 55681, 315, 62182, 22601, 688, 13763, 374, 539, 2631, 311, 58681, 1023, 7739, 315, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 78167, 323, 23842, 315, 33048, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 3343, 340, 47, 360, 55892, 24673, 320, 797, 11, 21249, 54292, 535, 70524, 8624, 11, 51643, 8, 527, 539, 6646, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 5694, 26, 4869, 11, 814, 649, 5353, 477, 52875, 349, 35663, 27027, 320, 797, 11, 22601, 688, 13763, 11, 9950, 5241, 22689, 8, 2391, 6212, 13, 763, 420, 2317, 11, 279, 23842, 315, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 477, 9950, 5241, 22689, 374, 1903, 13, 24708, 14228, 326, 661, 983, 4890, 10753, 323, 91620, 527, 1101, 539, 6646, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 26, 4619, 11, 814, 527, 6646, 6593, 24673, 902, 1253, 31889, 505, 6212, 627, 37438, 52831, 12244, 4373, 4419, 3083, 473, 10158, 4419, 1937, 9173, 26385, 2152, 2001, 578, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 2997, 1884, 24673, 304, 902, 279, 6156, 12458, 374, 62182, 6212, 1918, 430, 374, 539, 4245, 311, 2500, 6212, 19823, 11, 2737, 56507, 6212, 477, 5906, 48242, 4319, 10272, 81821, 662, 1398, 87728, 6212, 1918, 374, 4613, 439, 7446, 18243, 315, 459, 25912, 1911, 1260, 1205, 311, 6212, 477, 62182, 90417, 1139, 6212, 16853, 791, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 2997, 512, 45048, 45, 277, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 198, 45048, 45, 277, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 17, 198, 45048, 39, 1100, 388, 50405, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 19823, 198, 45048, 39, 1100, 388, 50405, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 198, 45048, 39, 1100, 388, 50405, 5938, 449, 264, 47657, 19823, 198, 45048, 15841, 27781, 6212, 28439, 198, 644, 13493, 14759, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 11, 16994, 16865, 369, 6212, 69764, 320, 648, 11, 39413, 6212, 28439, 8, 1288, 387, 11953, 704, 11, 5423, 304, 6978, 889, 1253, 1397, 5129, 6212, 18852, 311, 11322, 26613, 62182, 5225, 2136, 13, 24708, 18929, 323, 5255, 1180, 93170, 369, 520, 3325, 264, 2046, 4972, 311, 16865, 315, 16945, 6212, 1918, 449, 264, 29911, 24708, 10128, 2301, 3475, 320, 4931, 28504, 8, 1520, 10356, 264, 5912, 6212, 2695, 731, 9899, 323, 26613, 6212, 892, 13, 51088, 13186, 369, 44669, 56745, 46246, 323, 41760, 62209, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 2997, 386, 8143, 51, 13186, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 29688, 613, 311, 279, 8893, 449, 27639, 62182, 6212, 1918, 3343, 340, 45, 277, 56745, 46246, 2001, 29853, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 5764, 6978, 449, 27639, 6212, 1918, 5636, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 323, 5255, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 13, 29853, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 374, 29704, 555, 3060, 28091, 15222, 2203, 992, 15962, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 23246, 5120, 17953, 93422, 11, 477, 2753, 1109, 832, 30277, 315, 279, 7617, 1413, 2819, 389, 264, 51114, 65033, 1237, 477, 264, 3152, 6212, 40370, 315, 38394, 23, 4520, 323, 1403, 6212, 42080, 11295, 8071, 7351, 18852, 320, 50, 6005, 5901, 82, 26, 2949, 220, 868, 4520, 315, 6212, 42080, 8, 389, 459, 386, 8143, 51, 320, 438, 5255, 279, 25402, 99919, 316, 77, 13255, 705, 3235, 449, 264, 3925, 315, 2867, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 18243, 13, 7181, 430, 539, 682, 6978, 449, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 617, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 26, 4869, 11, 814, 527, 2103, 32971, 439, 3515, 44669, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 13, 9176, 690, 2274, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 3010, 304, 279, 3388, 315, 279, 19823, 13, 28943, 99592, 369, 67586, 2171, 258, 26314, 527, 1457, 2561, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 4519, 323, 23842, 315, 44669, 56745, 46246, 304, 12884, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 11663, 27692, 7177, 4527, 340, 45, 277, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 17, 374, 29704, 449, 279, 1890, 386, 8143, 51, 323, 5745, 793, 5901, 13186, 439, 7633, 304, 44669, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 26, 4869, 11, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 323, 5255, 28091, 15222, 2203, 992, 15962, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 320, 333, 17303, 8, 527, 539, 3118, 13, 362, 1579, 4478, 315, 905, 6928, 386, 8143, 53893, 369, 44669, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 17, 706, 1027, 7633, 13, 763, 682, 29736, 11, 1690, 315, 1521, 905, 64756, 527, 4245, 311, 46579, 18459, 320, 648, 11, 83920, 39413, 6212, 323, 5255, 29852, 4319, 10272, 6212, 2695, 731, 12912, 8, 4972, 311, 7649, 627, 769, 72, 62209, 87752, 50405, 2001, 5336, 72, 62209, 87752, 50405, 374, 29704, 994, 279, 8893, 706, 44122, 6212, 1918, 449, 459, 386, 8143, 51, 9204, 264, 3152, 6212, 40370, 315, 38394, 23, 4520, 449, 17162, 1109, 1403, 5745, 793, 5901, 82, 389, 279, 386, 8143, 51, 5636, 279, 25402, 99919, 316, 77, 13255, 11, 3235, 449, 279, 19821, 315, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 477, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 320, 333, 17303, 570, 1102, 374, 3062, 311, 6037, 704, 1023, 11384, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 11, 2737, 6212, 69764, 627, 29815, 389, 279, 2561, 6029, 11, 433, 374, 25420, 3508, 41760, 62209, 87752, 50405, 374, 264, 3254, 36222, 481, 19823, 477, 264, 17226, 1912, 315, 24673, 449, 2204, 89961, 24717, 13239, 304, 264, 4528, 14830, 82423, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 769, 72, 62209, 87752, 50405, 3343, 340, 42, 92933, 47268, 9799, 28439, 2001, 27446, 483, 47268, 9799, 28439, 323, 39413, 6212, 28439, 527, 22690, 18403, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 42, 92933, 47268, 9799, 28439, 320, 2827, 963, 87752, 50405, 10143, 323, 330, 15841, 27781, 6212, 25, 20288, 11, 62057, 2508, 11, 323, 31959, 20124, 3343, 340, 11663, 87752, 316, 77, 3557, 2001, 763, 87752, 50405, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 19823, 477, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 87752, 50405, 5938, 449, 264, 47657, 19823, 11, 279, 23842, 649, 387, 1903, 2085, 16785, 459, 386, 8143, 51, 13, 33135, 19971, 374, 3062, 304, 13493, 14759, 682, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 13, 24296, 11, 1023, 6212, 24673, 320, 797, 11, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 477, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 8, 649, 3041, 10205, 311, 27639, 6212, 892, 323, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 323, 2011, 387, 10489, 29704, 323, 12020, 1603, 279, 23842, 315, 264, 8792, 19823, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 374, 1903, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 849, 87728, 62182, 6212, 1918, 4245, 311, 6593, 24673, 323, 31010, 3343, 340, 15841, 27781, 6212, 1288, 539, 387, 45536, 439, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 4279, 11384, 315, 62182, 6212, 1918, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 15841, 27781, 6212, 25, 20288, 11, 62057, 2508, 11, 323, 31959, 20124, 1, 323, 330, 15841, 27781, 6212, 25, 40388, 323, 6373, 3343, 340, 34, 2871, 49670, 22774, 432, 49952, 3701, 44, 328, 44390, 13299, 26553, 12244, 4373, 4419, 2001, 16741, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 264, 21249, 477, 65174, 6212, 65858, 4245, 311, 73681, 315, 279, 4319, 10272, 1887, 477, 5906, 45698, 1990, 279, 4676, 323, 459, 3927, 596, 6212, 2695, 731, 11008, 662, 3331, 13186, 4279, 311, 682, 315, 279, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 2997, 512, 45048, 32, 21249, 477, 65174, 5497, 315, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 44219, 9057, 555, 459, 73681, 304, 279, 842, 53595, 4319, 10272, 18912, 1887, 323, 279, 12974, 477, 2631, 6212, 2695, 731, 9899, 198, 45048, 791, 9546, 315, 264, 6212, 2695, 731, 65858, 11, 2737, 83511, 323, 5255, 27639, 6212, 1918, 198, 45048, 54069, 35104, 477, 53317, 198, 2460, 24673, 11, 3734, 17004, 22171, 19823, 11, 1397, 264, 49648, 8250, 315, 520, 3325, 2380, 4038, 13, 31197, 750, 11, 4319, 10272, 18912, 374, 27470, 85121, 449, 1180, 93170, 323, 5255, 39538, 91141, 1778, 439, 5213, 18179, 10804, 99512, 42080, 13, 7974, 660, 3488, 69663, 11, 2737, 279, 6693, 2136, 92631, 287, 2136, 48964, 311, 10765, 27076, 4249, 11, 649, 1101, 387, 11190, 719, 527, 539, 2631, 311, 1304, 279, 23842, 315, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 42144, 315, 4319, 10272, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 24673, 3343, 340, 3947, 527, 3892, 4595, 315, 4319, 10272, 37390, 24673, 512, 45048, 25882, 990, 19823, 323, 17004, 22171, 19823, 527, 279, 1455, 4279, 4595, 315, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 85160, 11, 8051, 1521, 656, 539, 3629, 2586, 311, 6593, 6666, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 36741, 22171, 1, 323, 330, 42845, 2695, 731, 85160, 304, 6541, 7487, 3343, 340, 45048, 58461, 6212, 2695, 731, 10474, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 6212, 323, 15508, 3115, 430, 527, 14464, 1870, 23540, 7863, 449, 21349, 3115, 13, 362, 14595, 8893, 706, 17250, 16054, 33173, 520, 264, 21349, 89607, 323, 1384, 71837, 3389, 304, 279, 6693, 13, 24708, 374, 3629, 4725, 3131, 433, 374, 33230, 13, 4452, 11, 1063, 6978, 690, 2274, 264, 470, 269, 21301, 21249, 83511, 3575, 11, 902, 1253, 1121, 304, 17250, 79516, 477, 20958, 6212, 11, 1524, 389, 279, 23540, 9899, 13, 1115, 19823, 374, 1455, 46941, 304, 51516, 323, 14992, 12884, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 58461, 6212, 2695, 731, 10474, 19823, 3343, 340, 45048, 36557, 6212, 2695, 731, 10474, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 6212, 323, 15508, 3115, 430, 527, 14464, 1870, 4216, 7863, 449, 21349, 3115, 13, 362, 14595, 8893, 17503, 33173, 4216, 323, 1384, 71837, 4216, 88558, 13, 1115, 19823, 374, 539, 17037, 5068, 11, 719, 433, 374, 810, 4461, 311, 387, 13468, 304, 9191, 12884, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 36557, 6212, 2695, 731, 10474, 19823, 3343, 340, 45048, 49213, 23108, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 6996, 315, 264, 9539, 4613, 4319, 10272, 37390, 315, 6212, 323, 15508, 13, 1115, 19823, 374, 17037, 5938, 449, 48006, 24673, 304, 2911, 323, 304, 12884, 449, 18247, 451, 7642, 1413, 19338, 1778, 439, 44531, 8624, 11, 62145, 8624, 11, 323, 75851, 8624, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 42845, 2695, 731, 85160, 323, 6212, 24673, 304, 6978, 449, 52857, 3343, 340, 45048, 8284, 12, 1187, 21925, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 39388, 54643, 18852, 315, 83511, 323, 5255, 27639, 6212, 1918, 430, 12446, 1606, 279, 47701, 4319, 10272, 23744, 59775, 374, 539, 11751, 2692, 311, 264, 220, 1187, 21925, 3177, 3529, 847, 11008, 13, 7648, 7931, 449, 420, 19823, 527, 12756, 18507, 11, 323, 279, 8060, 311, 11751, 467, 4319, 10272, 81821, 374, 5552, 311, 279, 6996, 315, 4604, 292, 1988, 311, 279, 4319, 10272, 23744, 59775, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 8284, 12, 1187, 21925, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 19823, 3343, 340, 45048, 34, 2496, 10272, 6212, 2695, 731, 19823, 539, 6062, 32971, 627, 45048, 34, 2496, 10272, 37390, 24673, 649, 1101, 387, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 11, 47657, 11, 477, 18247, 25205, 19823, 627, 16976, 1950, 1937, 15259, 1950, 2001, 94137, 316, 77, 3557, 527, 77344, 7106, 4455, 320, 24126, 19567, 11, 28198, 8, 477, 11704, 320, 336, 41356, 11, 51866, 11, 19226, 8, 430, 12446, 2391, 4441, 1139, 6212, 11, 2949, 6212, 11, 477, 2391, 75123, 1147, 505, 6212, 662, 578, 13468, 28198, 527, 810, 6485, 323, 5101, 810, 7580, 1285, 1109, 279, 23473, 354, 33601, 5820, 3970, 304, 7351, 24673, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 29688, 613, 311, 35663, 19567, 323, 28198, 2391, 6212, 3343, 340, 791, 33403, 50405, 5699, 374, 18255, 1139, 2536, 3880, 44221, 8071, 7351, 320, 45, 84537, 7435, 9920, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 11, 11295, 8071, 7351, 320, 84537, 7435, 9920, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 11, 323, 1023, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 13, 24708, 7556, 374, 6646, 264, 4725, 11678, 323, 13980, 520, 1063, 892, 304, 1455, 4725, 6212, 388, 627, 45, 84537, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 2001, 452, 84537, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 527, 24673, 315, 87917, 13, 2435, 2997, 2389, 355, 4001, 75123, 1147, 11, 6212, 81749, 11, 6212, 259, 7805, 11, 323, 6212, 14228, 12459, 19823, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 4368, 300, 316, 77, 3557, 315, 20587, 11, 2737, 6212, 81749, 1, 323, 330, 4944, 8076, 315, 87917, 505, 2536, 3880, 44221, 8071, 7351, 6212, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 791, 4689, 13186, 369, 279, 452, 84537, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 2997, 512, 45048, 697, 3311, 18243, 315, 33243, 75149, 5938, 449, 35663, 28198, 323, 5255, 11704, 198, 45048, 81351, 477, 33781, 100039, 198, 45048, 75577, 477, 912, 75310, 477, 8063, 1934, 11, 323, 198, 45048, 38414, 477, 4686, 1097, 98575, 369, 279, 1567, 198, 4959, 19823, 706, 4726, 15439, 13186, 26, 4869, 11, 6978, 1253, 3449, 15439, 13186, 369, 810, 1109, 832, 3044, 13, 1666, 459, 3187, 11, 459, 3927, 649, 3449, 13186, 369, 2225, 6212, 259, 7805, 323, 6212, 81749, 627, 84537, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 2001, 26669, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 21736, 279, 82146, 315, 279, 4519, 315, 26669, 6212, 1139, 15508, 31514, 320, 797, 11, 6212, 86139, 705, 39030, 367, 315, 279, 4519, 315, 26669, 6212, 320, 797, 11, 38911, 19823, 705, 477, 82102, 811, 315, 26669, 6212, 78152, 320, 797, 11, 6996, 315, 520, 21947, 439, 13468, 304, 26669, 6212, 7865, 19823, 4390, 22427, 50915, 315, 26669, 6212, 7865, 19823, 320, 49, 9740, 8, 7612, 279, 9546, 315, 11763, 18243, 315, 7865, 477, 26480, 2065, 2391, 26669, 6212, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 1070, 2011, 387, 6029, 315, 26669, 6212, 2085, 520, 21947, 2391, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 13, 33135, 14955, 315, 432, 9740, 1253, 1101, 387, 10555, 304, 6978, 4737, 3738, 31010, 11, 5423, 1446, 26934, 75439, 65211, 1821, 13, 763, 1521, 6978, 11, 279, 23842, 315, 432, 9740, 374, 2103, 1903, 320, 438, 539, 33403, 50405, 4245, 311, 24099, 477, 20278, 8, 422, 279, 15439, 13186, 369, 432, 9740, 527, 2322, 13, 362, 1579, 11668, 315, 6978, 449, 279, 41760, 62209, 8205, 315, 432, 9740, 690, 9778, 2274, 459, 8451, 1355, 1910, 22935, 258, 54042, 11, 1455, 3629, 62145, 8624, 13, 15636, 11, 64908, 16865, 323, 1833, 5352, 374, 7718, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 49, 44221, 8071, 7351, 6212, 7865, 19823, 3343, 340, 51537, 28755, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 65174, 11, 7701, 22709, 764, 27456, 477, 18547, 2922, 21825, 19226, 430, 527, 9539, 32230, 5304, 75149, 323, 1121, 304, 5199, 35104, 477, 53317, 13, 13120, 63636, 527, 264, 4279, 2449, 315, 1023, 24673, 11, 5423, 1772, 80367, 33030, 8631, 19823, 13, 1115, 23842, 374, 1903, 1193, 994, 279, 75362, 3719, 264, 5357, 315, 14830, 6666, 477, 1397, 9678, 6514, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 51537, 63636, 323, 38911, 19823, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 11663, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 2001, 7089, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 11984, 912, 3230, 5133, 311, 6212, 6566, 13, 4314, 2997, 25, 73745, 2010, 28439, 11, 6212, 14228, 59123, 12922, 11, 6212, 665, 1439, 285, 11, 33403, 50405, 5938, 449, 6593, 24673, 11, 33403, 50405, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 11, 323, 55411, 33403, 50405, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 29688, 613, 311, 35663, 19567, 323, 28198, 2391, 6212, 3343, 340, 50, 44390, 12, 35420, 38728, 16837, 12244, 4373, 4419, 2001, 24708, 14228, 7351, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 4382, 11, 23473, 37941, 292, 19567, 430, 38323, 6212, 662, 44430, 1253, 477, 1253, 539, 387, 8010, 315, 1521, 19567, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 29688, 613, 311, 35663, 19567, 323, 28198, 2391, 6212, 3343, 340, 29012, 52273, 315, 6212, 65858, 320, 797, 11, 83511, 11, 62182, 6212, 1918, 11, 36709, 8, 527, 2631, 311, 58681, 264, 6212, 14228, 7351, 19823, 13, 54385, 3808, 430, 12446, 2391, 6212, 719, 656, 539, 69214, 7958, 6212, 477, 62182, 734, 527, 539, 6646, 264, 6212, 14228, 7351, 19823, 13, 9240, 1752, 14535, 28439, 320, 4833, 50, 8, 374, 1101, 5343, 304, 420, 1912, 315, 24673, 26, 4869, 11, 14282, 325, 267, 17082, 3557, 2391, 15508, 31514, 527, 279, 6156, 49648, 627, 42845, 14228, 7351, 24673, 2997, 512, 45048, 12698, 1752, 14535, 28439, 198, 45048, 24684, 292, 48694, 7351, 19823, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 1437, 2249, 2191, 320, 668, 774, 17282, 340, 45048, 42845, 14228, 29171, 21914, 7351, 19823, 198, 45048, 25584, 625, 6212, 856, 511, 12490, 355, 315, 86617, 198, 45048, 2051, 462, 4890, 992, 856, 511, 12490, 355, 520, 6212, 42080, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 19823, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 19823, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 19823, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 19823, 11, 55411, 198, 12698, 1752, 14535, 28439, 2001, 432, 7416, 374, 71974, 439, 264, 6212, 14228, 7351, 19823, 4245, 311, 1202, 3345, 15360, 449, 39445, 48694, 19567, 323, 1202, 37015, 5133, 311, 6212, 42080, 11, 1524, 3582, 433, 1587, 539, 15871, 14794, 439, 4382, 11, 23473, 37941, 292, 19567, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 4519, 323, 23842, 315, 89358, 14535, 28439, 323, 39445, 48694, 7351, 19823, 304, 12884, 1, 323, 330, 12698, 1752, 14535, 28439, 323, 39445, 48694, 7351, 19823, 304, 2911, 3343, 340, 791, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 15439, 13186, 369, 432, 7416, 2997, 279, 33147, 311, 3351, 279, 14535, 323, 5255, 279, 9546, 315, 29213, 72597, 430, 12446, 15871, 449, 2800, 18480, 7323, 13, 4314, 13803, 527, 520, 3325, 26310, 51512, 449, 7351, 320, 300, 1317, 439, 279, 7351, 67145, 8, 323, 617, 264, 4319, 10272, 13189, 304, 430, 279, 13803, 12446, 15871, 304, 279, 11714, 477, 3814, 662, 7429, 11, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 13186, 1397, 430, 459, 5938, 6212, 19823, 11, 35104, 11, 477, 53317, 374, 3118, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 4519, 323, 23842, 315, 89358, 14535, 28439, 323, 39445, 48694, 7351, 19823, 304, 12884, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 22427, 50915, 4527, 340, 24684, 292, 48694, 7351, 19823, 2001, 26572, 292, 48694, 19567, 527, 14134, 10555, 2391, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 13, 1789, 39445, 48694, 19567, 311, 387, 6646, 264, 19823, 11, 814, 2011, 12446, 389, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 810, 1109, 220, 868, 3115, 824, 6596, 304, 12884, 477, 810, 1109, 220, 20, 3115, 824, 6596, 304, 2911, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 459, 3927, 2011, 1934, 264, 6212, 65858, 477, 1063, 1376, 315, 16003, 53317, 430, 374, 25540, 750, 5552, 311, 279, 39445, 48694, 19567, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 15000, 1065, 316, 77, 5814, 304, 279, 16865, 315, 35663, 19567, 2391, 6212, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 24684, 292, 48694, 19567, 315, 6212, 4527, 340, 24684, 292, 48694, 7351, 19823, 1288, 539, 387, 29704, 449, 35135, 83920, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 11, 432, 7416, 11, 44669, 56745, 46246, 11, 477, 26669, 6212, 7865, 19823, 320, 49, 9740, 705, 2533, 39445, 48694, 19567, 527, 17037, 3970, 449, 1521, 24673, 627, 31367, 328, 44390, 12244, 4373, 4419, 2001, 1115, 5699, 5764, 6212, 24673, 430, 4250, 387, 36001, 21771, 18403, 304, 279, 4948, 14002, 315, 279, 7327, 55982, 315, 24708, 73133, 320, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 705, 3060, 1606, 279, 19823, 77107, 449, 810, 1109, 832, 5699, 477, 994, 39413, 828, 706, 1027, 14890, 311, 32620, 5813, 2500, 23842, 662, 73133, 430, 527, 24121, 5552, 311, 12434, 65858, 1253, 1101, 387, 21771, 1618, 627, 15049, 4794, 16213, 2001, 578, 4948, 14002, 315, 279, 7327, 55982, 315, 24708, 73133, 320, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 8, 5764, 1403, 8911, 1238, 6394, 45048, 24819, 953, 362, 5764, 85488, 430, 649, 387, 21771, 439, 6593, 477, 18247, 25205, 24673, 320, 797, 11, 19094, 98304, 83511, 11, 6212, 14228, 70655, 477, 55403, 11, 6212, 14228, 326, 661, 983, 4890, 10753, 11, 6212, 14228, 59349, 288, 99054, 278, 93262, 11, 323, 6212, 14228, 95736, 532, 98108, 689, 570, 320, 10031, 330, 35, 1082, 2315, 315, 279, 8792, 23418, 1887, 9057, 555, 550, 919, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 63496, 98304, 83511, 4527, 340, 45048, 24819, 953, 426, 374, 264, 8641, 311, 279, 7327, 55982, 315, 70674, 320, 1341, 35, 12, 605, 7813, 44, 8, 11058, 369, 20278, 38973, 6212, 24673, 627, 691, 27400, 4716, 45470, 10990, 50, 2001, 3216, 77154, 6209, 1403, 4595, 315, 8893, 6873, 7384, 11, 330, 791, 68276, 1, 323, 330, 56441, 279, 68276, 1210, 578, 68276, 8893, 6873, 9863, 527, 5439, 304, 14733, 4221, 11, 520, 279, 220, 20, 339, 311, 220, 21, 339, 12239, 5403, 2237, 11, 323, 814, 4320, 279, 3116, 477, 4330, 1401, 4860, 264, 8893, 2643, 617, 922, 264, 2728, 3044, 13, 4314, 9908, 527, 1888, 369, 6978, 889, 1390, 264, 4689, 24131, 323, 889, 10932, 2875, 11, 4228, 4791, 29906, 7384, 13, 31886, 279, 68276, 8893, 6873, 9863, 527, 5129, 11, 810, 27877, 11, 323, 810, 11944, 13, 4314, 9908, 527, 5439, 520, 279, 220, 605, 339, 311, 220, 717, 339, 12239, 5403, 2237, 323, 527, 1888, 369, 6978, 889, 1390, 304, 31410, 2038, 323, 527, 10882, 449, 1063, 6593, 503, 71921, 627, 8586, 527, 279, 8893, 6873, 9908, 430, 527, 9959, 311, 420, 8712, 13, 1226, 15253, 499, 311, 1194, 477, 384, 11724, 1521, 13650, 311, 701, 6978, 13, 320, 2675, 649, 1101, 25539, 8893, 6873, 9908, 389, 264, 8205, 315, 15223, 555, 15389, 389, 330, 23557, 3630, 1, 323, 279, 16570, 1161, 8, 315, 2802, 29275, 45048, 56441, 279, 68276, 13650, 512, 45048, 791, 4948, 14002, 315, 279, 7327, 55982, 315, 24708, 73133, 320, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 8, 538, 9803, 6212, 24673, 1139, 8254, 3682, 11306, 25, 83511, 24673, 11, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 11, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 50405, 11, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 11, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 11, 6212, 14228, 7351, 24673, 11, 323, 1023, 6212, 24673, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 38255, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 791, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 36611, 2380, 12742, 4595, 315, 83511, 25, 2875, 9860, 83511, 19823, 11, 21249, 83511, 19823, 11, 323, 1023, 83511, 19823, 320, 9493, 279, 8893, 706, 83511, 13803, 719, 1587, 539, 3449, 13186, 369, 279, 1023, 1403, 4595, 315, 83511, 570, 320, 10031, 364, 15841, 50405, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 42845, 14228, 27027, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 35663, 594, 29579, 2391, 6212, 26, 814, 12446, 304, 2225, 12884, 323, 2911, 13, 2684, 527, 3116, 3682, 5315, 315, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 25, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 11, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 11, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 24673, 11, 323, 6212, 14228, 9950, 5241, 22689, 19823, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 42845, 14228, 27027, 24673, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 791, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 2997, 1884, 24673, 304, 902, 279, 6156, 12458, 374, 62182, 6212, 1918, 430, 374, 539, 4245, 311, 2500, 6212, 19823, 11, 2737, 56507, 6212, 477, 5906, 48242, 4319, 10272, 81821, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 44503, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 34, 2496, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 264, 21249, 477, 65174, 6212, 65858, 4245, 311, 73681, 315, 279, 4319, 10272, 1887, 477, 5906, 45698, 1990, 279, 4676, 323, 459, 3927, 596, 6212, 2695, 731, 11008, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 34, 2496, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 4368, 300, 316, 77, 3557, 527, 77344, 7106, 4455, 320, 31061, 3808, 11, 28198, 8, 477, 11704, 320, 336, 41356, 11, 51866, 11, 19226, 8, 430, 12446, 2391, 4441, 1139, 6212, 11, 2949, 6212, 11, 477, 2391, 75123, 1147, 505, 6212, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 4368, 300, 316, 77, 3557, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 4382, 11, 23473, 37941, 292, 19567, 430, 38323, 6212, 13, 9240, 1752, 14535, 28439, 374, 279, 1455, 4279, 6212, 14228, 7351, 19823, 11, 8051, 14282, 325, 267, 17082, 3557, 2391, 15508, 31514, 527, 279, 6156, 49648, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 42845, 14228, 7351, 24673, 6, 3485, 6266, 128001 ]
The hardest code to crack depends on several factors, including the encryption algorithm used, key length, and implementation. Generally speaking, modern encryption algorithms like AES and RSA with sufficiently long keys are considered very difficult to crack without major advances in cryptanalysis or significant computing resources. What makes a code hard to crack? There are a few key properties that make a code difficult to crack: - Strong encryption algorithm – The underlying math and logic of the encryption scheme must be complex and robust against known cryptanalytic attacks. - Long key length – Longer encryption keys mean more possible combinations to try when brute forcing. 128-bit and 256-bit keys for AES are standard. - Proper implementation – The encryption scheme must be properly implemented without flaws that could provide an attack vector. - Absence of backdoors – Backdoors intentionally placed in the code can bypass the encryption and provide easy access. What are some of the hardest encryption algorithms to crack? Some examples of widely used encryption algorithms considered very difficult to crack include: - AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) – A symmetric key algorithm used worldwide. Brute forcing a 256-bit key is considered infeasible. - RSA – A public-key algorithm based on factoring large prime numbers. RSA keys of 4096 bits or more are very difficult to break. - Elliptic curve cryptography – Based on algebra of elliptic curves over finite fields. Provides strong security with smaller keys than RSA. - One-time pad – Unbreakable in theory but difficult to implement correctly in practice. What factors make cracking encryption harder? Some factors that increase the difficulty of cracking encrypted data include: - Longer key length – More possible keys mean more brute force attempts needed. - Stronger algorithms – Advanced math problems are more difficult for computers to solve. - Proper implementation – Eliminating side-channel attacks and backdoors prevents shortcut attacks. - Limited computing resources – Restricting attackers’ computing power increases brute force difficulty. - No reused keys – One-time keys remove cryptanalytic options like crib dragging. - Salting and iterations – Adding randomness and computing steps complicates dictionary and rainbow table attacks. What are some encryption methods that are relatively easier to crack? Some types of encryption that provide less security against modern cracking methods include: - Substitution ciphers – Simple letter substitution is easy to break with frequency analysis. - Affine and Vigenère ciphers – Mathematical ciphers breakable with Kasiski examination, guessing key length. - ROT13 – A Caesar cipher with just 13 character rotations is trivial to break. - DES and 3DES – Block cipher vulnerable to brute force attacks with insufficient 56-bit/112-bit keys. - Unhashed passwords – Unhashed plaintext passwords are instantly cracked with access. - 40-bit and 64-bit WEP – Wireless encryption methods crackable with weaknesses in RC4 stream cipher. What are the best practices for implementing strong encryption? Some best practices for implementing encryption that is difficult to crack include: - Using trusted, standardized algorithms like AES, SHA-256, etc. - Choosing sufficiently long keys – at least 256 bits for symmetric encryption and 2048+ bits for public key encryption. - Generating keys using a Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator (CSPRNG). - Properly salting and hashing passwords to prevent rainbow table attacks. - Enabling Perfect Forward Secrecy for key exchange in applications like HTTPS. - Rotating and updating keys periodically to limit damage from leaks. - Following secure key management procedures to prevent unauthorized access. - Enforcing principle of least privilege for decryption access. What are some examples of famously unbroken codes? Some examples of unbroken historical ciphers and codes include: - The Voynich Manuscript – encrypted book from 15th century still undeciphered after centuries of attempts. - Kryptos – Encrypted sculpture at CIA headquarters with 4 messages, of which 3 have been cracked so far. - Zodiac Killer ciphers – Multiple unsolved cipher messages sent by unknown serial killer. - Dorabella Cipher – Unbroken cipher from 1897 believed to be created by composer Edward Elgar. - Rongorongo – Undeciphered proto-writing system from Easter Island. - Phaistos Disk – Inscribed clay disk from 1700 BC with 241 symbols in spiral pattern. - Beale Ciphers – Three substitution ciphers from 1885 with claims of buried treasure. While these codes and ciphers remain technically unbroken, many experts believe it is due to lack of ciphertext to analyze rather than fundamental cryptographic strength. However, they do illustrate the enduring fascination with deciphering hidden information throughout history. How long would it take to crack strong encryption algorithms like AES-256? There is no known way to break AES-256 encryption by brute force faster than trying all possible keys. With current computing technology, these brute force cracking time estimates can be made: - AES-128 – Up to 3.31 x 10^51 years with 1 billion billion keys per second. - AES-192 – Up to 3.31 x 10^57 years with 1 billion billion keys per second. - AES-256 – Up to 3.31 x 10^63 years with 1 billion billion keys per second. In other words, it is not practically feasible to brute force modern encryption algorithms. Attacks concentrate on implementation weaknesses instead. However, quantum computing could potentially allow brute forcing AES in the future. How can quantum computing affect code cracking? Quantum computing utilizes quantum mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to perform calculations fundamentally differently than classical computers. This gives quantum computers potential advantages for breaking encryption: - Shor’s algorithm – Efficiently finds prime factors of large numbers, breaking RSA encryption. - Grover’s algorithm – Provides quadratic speedup for brute force search, halving key sizes that can be broken. - Quantum annealing – Adapts concepts from quantum physics to solve optimization problems for cryptanalysis. However, symmetric algorithms like AES are thought to be relatively secure against brute force speedups from quantum computers if key sizes are doubled. Post-quantum cryptography is also an active area of research to develop new encryption resistant to quantum attacks. What are some organizations working to crack encryption? Some organizations known to work on cryptanalysis and developing codebreaking capabilities include: - Government intelligence agencies (NSA, GCHQ, etc.) – Vast computing resources and cryptanalysis teams dedicated to breaking codes. - Academic institutions – Mathematics and computer science departments advancing cryptanalytic techniques. - Security research contractors – Private firms contracted to work on cryptographic problems and backdoors. - Hacker collectives – Groups like Chaos Computer Club that organize collaboratively to break encryption. - Companies – Providers of commercial cryptanalysis tools and services for clients. There is continual advancement in the field of cryptanalysis, with major breakthroughs generally kept secret. However, most experts believe cryptosystems like AES, RSA, and elliptic curves remain secure when properly implemented at sufficient key sizes. Which cryptographic areas have governments invested most heavily in? Governments worldwide invest most heavily in these core cryptographic capabilities: - Codebreaking – NSA and others operate large computing facilities dedicated to cryptanalysis and quantum computing research. - Backdoors – Efforts to insert backdoors and weaknesses into commercial encryption products and standards. - Traffic analysis – Analyzing encrypted communications patterns for metadata instead of decrypting content. - Quantum cryptography – Developing encryption like quantum key distribution to be secure against quantum attacks. - Post-quantum cryptography – Designing new public key algorithms resistant to quantum algorithms. The goal is to retain the capability to access encrypted data and communications, both through cryptanalysis and influencing cryptography standards and implementations. How can complex cryptography concepts like elliptic curves be explained simply? Elliptic curve cryptography relies on some fairly complex mathematical concepts, but the basics can be summarized: - Elliptic curves are mathematical curves defined by cubic equations, forming a smooth looping shape. - Elliptic curve operations use point addition – adding points on the curve results in a third point on the curve. - This allows defining cryptographic operations like key generation, encryption, and digital signatures using point operations. - The discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves is very difficult, providing cryptographic security. - Keys based on elliptic curves can be much smaller than equivalently secure RSA keys leading to efficiency benefits. In essence, the complex math makes elliptic curve operations easy to do but hard to undo, perfect for cryptography. The abstract elliptic curve operations happen under the hood giving users simple, secure encryption. Modern strong encryption like AES, RSA, and elliptic curve cryptography provides security that cannot be directly broken through mathematical cryptanalysis with current public computing capabilities. However, weaknesses in implementation and key management can often be exploited in practice. Proper use of trusted protocols and staying ahead of advances like quantum computing will be critical to maintaining difficult-to-crack security into the future.	1,904	[ 128000, 791, 37554, 2082, 311, 17944, 14117, 389, 3892, 9547, 11, 2737, 279, 26542, 12384, 1511, 11, 1401, 3160, 11, 323, 8292, 13, 44493, 12365, 11, 6617, 26542, 26249, 1093, 39941, 323, 46741, 449, 40044, 1317, 7039, 527, 6646, 1633, 5107, 311, 17944, 2085, 3682, 31003, 304, 14774, 35584, 477, 5199, 25213, 5070, 627, 3923, 3727, 264, 2082, 2653, 311, 17944, 5380, 3947, 527, 264, 2478, 1401, 6012, 430, 1304, 264, 2082, 5107, 311, 17944, 512, 12, 27191, 26542, 12384, 1389, 578, 16940, 7033, 323, 12496, 315, 279, 26542, 13155, 2011, 387, 6485, 323, 22514, 2403, 3967, 14774, 44803, 29150, 8951, 627, 12, 5843, 1401, 3160, 1389, 94426, 26542, 7039, 3152, 810, 3284, 28559, 311, 1456, 994, 65198, 25957, 13, 220, 4386, 15615, 323, 220, 4146, 15615, 7039, 369, 39941, 527, 5410, 627, 12, 65658, 8292, 1389, 578, 26542, 13155, 2011, 387, 10489, 11798, 2085, 41859, 430, 1436, 3493, 459, 3440, 4724, 627, 12, 22855, 768, 315, 1203, 28404, 1389, 6984, 28404, 37304, 9277, 304, 279, 2082, 649, 31818, 279, 26542, 323, 3493, 4228, 2680, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 315, 279, 37554, 26542, 26249, 311, 17944, 5380, 8538, 10507, 315, 13882, 1511, 26542, 26249, 6646, 1633, 5107, 311, 17944, 2997, 512, 12, 39941, 320, 36557, 63155, 12028, 8, 1389, 362, 55443, 1401, 12384, 1511, 15603, 13, 3320, 1088, 25957, 264, 220, 4146, 15615, 1401, 374, 6646, 304, 90377, 1260, 627, 12, 46741, 1389, 362, 586, 16569, 12384, 3196, 389, 2144, 5620, 3544, 10461, 5219, 13, 46741, 7039, 315, 220, 12378, 21, 9660, 477, 810, 527, 1633, 5107, 311, 1464, 627, 12, 13852, 11696, 292, 16029, 87937, 1389, 20817, 389, 47976, 315, 78883, 292, 37033, 927, 35326, 5151, 13, 37717, 3831, 4868, 449, 9333, 7039, 1109, 46741, 627, 12, 3861, 7394, 11262, 1389, 1252, 9137, 481, 304, 10334, 719, 5107, 311, 4305, 12722, 304, 6725, 627, 3923, 9547, 1304, 52829, 26542, 16127, 5380, 8538, 9547, 430, 5376, 279, 17250, 315, 52829, 25461, 828, 2997, 512, 12, 94426, 1401, 3160, 1389, 4497, 3284, 7039, 3152, 810, 65198, 5457, 13865, 4460, 627, 12, 27191, 261, 26249, 1389, 21844, 7033, 5435, 527, 810, 5107, 369, 19002, 311, 11886, 627, 12, 65658, 8292, 1389, 43420, 16252, 3185, 54968, 8951, 323, 1203, 28404, 29034, 38215, 8951, 627, 12, 19439, 25213, 5070, 1389, 42427, 858, 287, 42065, 529, 25213, 2410, 12992, 65198, 5457, 17250, 627, 12, 2360, 69843, 7039, 1389, 3861, 7394, 7039, 4148, 14774, 44803, 29150, 2671, 1093, 80111, 43476, 627, 12, 8375, 1303, 323, 26771, 1389, 31470, 87790, 323, 25213, 7504, 69226, 988, 11240, 323, 48713, 2007, 8951, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 26542, 5528, 430, 527, 12309, 8831, 311, 17944, 5380, 8538, 4595, 315, 26542, 430, 3493, 2753, 4868, 2403, 6617, 52829, 5528, 2997, 512, 12, 3804, 10663, 272, 83177, 1389, 9170, 6661, 50068, 374, 4228, 311, 1464, 449, 11900, 6492, 627, 12, 9947, 483, 323, 650, 6569, 12339, 272, 83177, 1389, 92102, 272, 83177, 1464, 481, 449, 38642, 3267, 72, 24481, 11, 47576, 1401, 3160, 627, 12, 59311, 1032, 1389, 362, 54753, 32188, 449, 1120, 220, 1032, 3752, 70301, 374, 36747, 311, 1464, 627, 12, 13022, 323, 220, 18, 39087, 1389, 8527, 32188, 20134, 311, 65198, 5457, 8951, 449, 39413, 220, 3487, 15615, 14, 7261, 15615, 7039, 627, 12, 1252, 96747, 34816, 1389, 1252, 96747, 61947, 34816, 527, 22571, 43939, 449, 2680, 627, 12, 220, 1272, 15615, 323, 220, 1227, 15615, 468, 9377, 1389, 34742, 26542, 5528, 17944, 481, 449, 44667, 304, 22322, 19, 4365, 32188, 627, 3923, 527, 279, 1888, 12659, 369, 25976, 3831, 26542, 5380, 8538, 1888, 12659, 369, 25976, 26542, 430, 374, 5107, 311, 17944, 2997, 512, 12, 12362, 22542, 11, 51114, 26249, 1093, 39941, 11, 22466, 12, 4146, 11, 5099, 627, 12, 77351, 40044, 1317, 7039, 1389, 520, 3325, 220, 4146, 9660, 369, 55443, 26542, 323, 220, 7854, 23, 10, 9660, 369, 586, 1401, 26542, 627, 12, 97554, 7039, 1701, 264, 38547, 65031, 35602, 393, 22719, 11151, 2255, 5742, 29458, 320, 34, 4695, 49, 6269, 4390, 12, 65658, 398, 4371, 1303, 323, 73455, 34816, 311, 5471, 48713, 2007, 8951, 627, 12, 2998, 19295, 24118, 22952, 4621, 2827, 88, 369, 1401, 9473, 304, 8522, 1093, 62144, 627, 12, 28460, 1113, 323, 21686, 7039, 48582, 311, 4017, 5674, 505, 37796, 627, 12, 23548, 9966, 1401, 6373, 16346, 311, 5471, 45571, 2680, 627, 12, 2998, 42596, 17966, 315, 3325, 26632, 369, 90474, 2680, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 10507, 315, 51287, 653, 50009, 14236, 5380, 8538, 10507, 315, 653, 50009, 13970, 272, 83177, 323, 14236, 2997, 512, 12, 578, 29179, 1910, 718, 96433, 1250, 1389, 25461, 2363, 505, 220, 868, 339, 9478, 2103, 2073, 762, 10781, 291, 1306, 24552, 315, 13865, 627, 12, 735, 3655, 437, 1389, 10984, 14353, 51067, 520, 22193, 26097, 449, 220, 19, 6743, 11, 315, 902, 220, 18, 617, 1027, 43939, 779, 3117, 627, 12, 98179, 54053, 272, 83177, 1389, 29911, 7120, 8905, 32188, 6743, 3288, 555, 9987, 6275, 25534, 627, 12, 25225, 72690, 64388, 1389, 1252, 50009, 32188, 505, 220, 9378, 22, 11846, 311, 387, 3549, 555, 40550, 22653, 4072, 12440, 627, 12, 432, 647, 269, 6497, 1389, 17314, 762, 10781, 291, 18940, 97765, 1887, 505, 33500, 10951, 627, 12, 2405, 64, 380, 437, 39968, 1389, 9925, 17890, 37148, 13668, 505, 220, 8258, 15, 18531, 449, 220, 13341, 18210, 304, 42197, 5497, 627, 12, 2893, 1604, 356, 83177, 1389, 14853, 50068, 272, 83177, 505, 220, 9367, 20, 449, 8349, 315, 28016, 32726, 627, 8142, 1521, 14236, 323, 272, 83177, 7293, 32654, 653, 50009, 11, 1690, 11909, 4510, 433, 374, 4245, 311, 6996, 315, 70889, 311, 24564, 4856, 1109, 16188, 90229, 8333, 13, 4452, 11, 814, 656, 41468, 279, 52876, 75444, 449, 75277, 287, 8340, 2038, 6957, 3925, 627, 4438, 1317, 1053, 433, 1935, 311, 17944, 3831, 26542, 26249, 1093, 39941, 12, 4146, 5380, 3947, 374, 912, 3967, 1648, 311, 1464, 39941, 12, 4146, 26542, 555, 65198, 5457, 10819, 1109, 4560, 682, 3284, 7039, 13, 3161, 1510, 25213, 5557, 11, 1521, 65198, 5457, 52829, 892, 17989, 649, 387, 1903, 512, 12, 39941, 12, 4386, 1389, 3216, 311, 220, 18, 13, 2148, 865, 220, 605, 61, 3971, 1667, 449, 220, 16, 7239, 7239, 7039, 824, 2132, 627, 12, 39941, 12, 5926, 1389, 3216, 311, 220, 18, 13, 2148, 865, 220, 605, 61, 3226, 1667, 449, 220, 16, 7239, 7239, 7039, 824, 2132, 627, 12, 39941, 12, 4146, 1389, 3216, 311, 220, 18, 13, 2148, 865, 220, 605, 61, 5495, 1667, 449, 220, 16, 7239, 7239, 7039, 824, 2132, 627, 644, 1023, 4339, 11, 433, 374, 539, 32367, 43303, 311, 65198, 5457, 6617, 26542, 26249, 13, 67242, 37455, 389, 8292, 44667, 4619, 13, 4452, 11, 31228, 25213, 1436, 13893, 2187, 65198, 25957, 39941, 304, 279, 3938, 627, 4438, 649, 31228, 25213, 7958, 2082, 52829, 5380, 45320, 372, 25213, 60880, 31228, 22936, 44247, 1093, 2307, 3571, 323, 1218, 526, 1001, 311, 2804, 29217, 43593, 22009, 1109, 29924, 19002, 13, 1115, 6835, 31228, 19002, 4754, 22934, 369, 15061, 26542, 512, 12, 1443, 269, 753, 12384, 1389, 90106, 398, 14035, 10461, 9547, 315, 3544, 5219, 11, 15061, 46741, 26542, 627, 12, 18370, 424, 753, 12384, 1389, 37717, 80251, 4732, 455, 369, 65198, 5457, 2778, 11, 15104, 4504, 1401, 12562, 430, 649, 387, 11102, 627, 12, 56413, 86997, 6260, 1389, 2467, 391, 2641, 19476, 505, 31228, 22027, 311, 11886, 26329, 5435, 369, 14774, 35584, 627, 11458, 11, 55443, 26249, 1093, 39941, 527, 3463, 311, 387, 12309, 9966, 2403, 65198, 5457, 4732, 8772, 505, 31228, 19002, 422, 1401, 12562, 527, 35717, 13, 3962, 12, 31548, 372, 87937, 374, 1101, 459, 4642, 3158, 315, 3495, 311, 2274, 502, 26542, 31785, 311, 31228, 8951, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 11351, 3318, 311, 17944, 26542, 5380, 8538, 11351, 3967, 311, 990, 389, 14774, 35584, 323, 11469, 2082, 37757, 17357, 2997, 512, 12, 10423, 11478, 13607, 320, 2507, 32, 11, 480, 2198, 48, 11, 5099, 6266, 1389, 650, 561, 25213, 5070, 323, 14774, 35584, 7411, 12514, 311, 15061, 14236, 627, 12, 42170, 14673, 1389, 50895, 323, 6500, 8198, 26280, 44169, 14774, 44803, 29150, 12823, 627, 12, 8398, 3495, 33840, 1389, 9877, 19339, 51068, 311, 990, 389, 90229, 5435, 323, 1203, 28404, 627, 12, 89165, 6667, 1924, 1389, 35680, 1093, 44205, 17863, 10349, 430, 31335, 11430, 8046, 311, 1464, 26542, 627, 12, 32886, 1389, 71029, 315, 8518, 14774, 35584, 7526, 323, 3600, 369, 8403, 627, 3947, 374, 77975, 50925, 304, 279, 2115, 315, 14774, 35584, 11, 449, 3682, 42445, 82, 8965, 8774, 6367, 13, 4452, 11, 1455, 11909, 4510, 14774, 437, 95890, 1093, 39941, 11, 46741, 11, 323, 78883, 292, 37033, 7293, 9966, 994, 10489, 11798, 520, 14343, 1401, 12562, 627, 23956, 90229, 5789, 617, 17047, 29091, 1455, 17345, 304, 5380, 78706, 1392, 15603, 2793, 1455, 17345, 304, 1521, 6332, 90229, 17357, 512, 12, 6247, 37757, 1389, 31883, 323, 3885, 14816, 3544, 25213, 13077, 12514, 311, 14774, 35584, 323, 31228, 25213, 3495, 627, 12, 6984, 28404, 1389, 31122, 19491, 311, 5774, 1203, 28404, 323, 44667, 1139, 8518, 26542, 3956, 323, 10886, 627, 12, 38081, 6492, 1389, 38527, 20994, 25461, 17320, 12912, 369, 11408, 4619, 315, 39226, 287, 2262, 627, 12, 56413, 87937, 1389, 81745, 26542, 1093, 31228, 1401, 8141, 311, 387, 9966, 2403, 31228, 8951, 627, 12, 3962, 12, 31548, 372, 87937, 1389, 7127, 287, 502, 586, 1401, 26249, 31785, 311, 31228, 26249, 627, 791, 5915, 374, 311, 14389, 279, 23099, 311, 2680, 25461, 828, 323, 17320, 11, 2225, 1555, 14774, 35584, 323, 66700, 87937, 10886, 323, 39437, 627, 4438, 649, 6485, 87937, 19476, 1093, 78883, 292, 37033, 387, 11497, 5042, 5380, 43810, 11696, 292, 16029, 87937, 34744, 389, 1063, 14470, 6485, 37072, 19476, 11, 719, 279, 32874, 649, 387, 69729, 512, 12, 13852, 11696, 292, 37033, 527, 37072, 37033, 4613, 555, 41999, 39006, 11, 30164, 264, 11113, 63687, 6211, 627, 12, 13852, 11696, 292, 16029, 7677, 1005, 1486, 5369, 1389, 7999, 3585, 389, 279, 16029, 3135, 304, 264, 4948, 1486, 389, 279, 16029, 627, 12, 1115, 6276, 27409, 90229, 7677, 1093, 1401, 9659, 11, 26542, 11, 323, 7528, 33728, 1701, 1486, 7677, 627, 12, 578, 44279, 91036, 76, 3575, 389, 78883, 292, 37033, 374, 1633, 5107, 11, 8405, 90229, 4868, 627, 12, 25104, 3196, 389, 78883, 292, 37033, 649, 387, 1790, 9333, 1109, 44554, 4501, 9966, 46741, 7039, 6522, 311, 15374, 7720, 627, 644, 28591, 11, 279, 6485, 7033, 3727, 78883, 292, 16029, 7677, 4228, 311, 656, 719, 2653, 311, 29821, 11, 4832, 369, 87937, 13, 578, 8278, 78883, 292, 16029, 7677, 3621, 1234, 279, 28314, 7231, 3932, 4382, 11, 9966, 26542, 627, 49552, 3831, 26542, 1093, 39941, 11, 46741, 11, 323, 78883, 292, 16029, 87937, 5825, 4868, 430, 4250, 387, 6089, 11102, 1555, 37072, 14774, 35584, 449, 1510, 586, 25213, 17357, 13, 4452, 11, 44667, 304, 8292, 323, 1401, 6373, 649, 3629, 387, 51763, 304, 6725, 13, 65658, 1005, 315, 22542, 32885, 323, 19994, 8469, 315, 31003, 1093, 31228, 25213, 690, 387, 9200, 311, 20958, 5107, 4791, 48689, 474, 4868, 1139, 279, 3938, 13, 128001 ]
Currently, in some countries (including Spain) 70% or more of the population has been vaccinated against the coronavirus. However, it is being evaluated whether this percentage implies a definitive protection against COVID-19 or not. In this sense, a very interesting study has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine. At the University of California, vaccination began in December 2020 and by July this, 83% of health personnel were already vaccinated with both doses. However, coinciding with the release of the mandatory use of the mask and with the appearance of the Delta virus variant, there has been an increase in infections, even among people who were already vaccinated. Thus, between March 1 to July 31, 227 coronavirus infections were detected among health personnel, of which 130 (57%) were already fully vaccinated. Of those 130 vaccinated and infected people, 109 (84%) had symptoms of the disease and also 80 of the 90 (89%) unvaccinated workers (the remaining 7 infected people had received a single dose of the vaccine). There were no deaths and only one person (not vaccinated) had to be hospitalized. The frequency of coronavirus infection was 3.7 per 1,000 people among the vaccinated and 16.4 per 1,000 among the unvaccinated. Efficiency against the delta variant of the coronavirus These data suggest that the efficacy of the vaccine is considerably lower against the delta variant. It can also influence, according to this article, the decrease in protection achieved with the vaccine over time. In addition, these findings highlight the importance of reusing masks and increasing diagnostic tests trying to avoid the expansion of the delta variant. The authors also suggest that a booster dose of the vaccine could be considered.	354	[ 128000, 34814, 11, 304, 1063, 5961, 320, 16564, 18157, 8, 220, 2031, 4, 477, 810, 315, 279, 7187, 706, 1027, 70558, 2403, 279, 33333, 13, 4452, 11, 433, 374, 1694, 26126, 3508, 420, 11668, 24897, 264, 45813, 9313, 2403, 20562, 12, 777, 477, 539, 627, 644, 420, 5647, 11, 264, 1633, 7185, 4007, 706, 1027, 4756, 304, 279, 1561, 9635, 10139, 315, 19152, 13, 2468, 279, 3907, 315, 7188, 11, 47165, 6137, 304, 6790, 220, 2366, 15, 323, 555, 5887, 420, 11, 220, 6069, 4, 315, 2890, 17274, 1051, 2736, 70558, 449, 2225, 35130, 13, 4452, 11, 23828, 6714, 449, 279, 4984, 315, 279, 23911, 1005, 315, 279, 7056, 323, 449, 279, 11341, 315, 279, 26002, 17188, 11678, 11, 1070, 706, 1027, 459, 5376, 304, 30020, 11, 1524, 4315, 1274, 889, 1051, 2736, 70558, 627, 45600, 11, 1990, 5587, 220, 16, 311, 5887, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 14206, 33333, 30020, 1051, 16914, 4315, 2890, 17274, 11, 315, 902, 220, 5894, 320, 3226, 11587, 1051, 2736, 7373, 70558, 13, 5046, 1884, 220, 5894, 70558, 323, 29374, 1274, 11, 220, 7743, 320, 5833, 11587, 1047, 13803, 315, 279, 8624, 323, 1101, 220, 1490, 315, 279, 220, 1954, 320, 4578, 11587, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 7487, 320, 1820, 9861, 220, 22, 29374, 1274, 1047, 4036, 264, 3254, 19660, 315, 279, 25474, 570, 2684, 1051, 912, 16779, 323, 1193, 832, 1732, 320, 1962, 70558, 8, 1047, 311, 387, 70340, 13, 578, 11900, 315, 33333, 19405, 574, 220, 18, 13, 22, 824, 220, 16, 11, 931, 1274, 4315, 279, 70558, 323, 220, 845, 13, 19, 824, 220, 16, 11, 931, 4315, 279, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 627, 47688, 10603, 2403, 279, 9665, 11678, 315, 279, 33333, 198, 9673, 828, 4284, 430, 279, 41265, 315, 279, 25474, 374, 33452, 4827, 2403, 279, 9665, 11678, 13, 1102, 649, 1101, 10383, 11, 4184, 311, 420, 4652, 11, 279, 18979, 304, 9313, 17427, 449, 279, 25474, 927, 892, 627, 644, 5369, 11, 1521, 14955, 11415, 279, 12939, 315, 312, 985, 27227, 323, 7859, 15439, 7177, 4560, 311, 5766, 279, 14800, 315, 279, 9665, 11678, 13, 578, 12283, 1101, 4284, 430, 264, 57532, 19660, 315, 279, 25474, 1436, 387, 6646, 13, 128001 ]
<?php declare(strict_types=1); namespace SmartCore\CMSBundle\Entity\Content; use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM; use SmartCore\RadBundle\Doctrine\ColumnTrait; use Symfony\Bridge\Doctrine\Validator\Constraints\UniqueEntity; use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert; /** * @ORM\Entity() * @ORM\Table(name="cms_content_fields", * indexes={ * @ORM\Index(columns={"position"}) * }, * uniqueConstraints={ * @ORM\UniqueConstraint(columns={"name", "table_id"}), * @ORM\UniqueConstraint(columns={"title", "table_id"}), * } * ) * @UniqueEntity(fields={"name", "table"}) * @UniqueEntity(fields={"title", "table"}) / class Field { use ColumnTrait\Id; use ColumnTrait\TitleNotBlank; use ColumnTrait\NameNotBlank; use ColumnTrait\Comment; use ColumnTrait\Position; use ColumnTrait\CreatedAt; use ColumnTrait\UpdatedAt; use ColumnTrait\User; /* * @ORM\Column(type="boolean", nullable=false, options={"default":0}) / protected bool $is_nullable; /* * Enum({"PRIMARY", "INDEX", "UNIQUE", "FULLTEXT"}) * * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=50, nullable=true) / protected ?string $index; /* * @ORM\Column(type="text", nullable=true) / protected ?string $default_value; /* * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=190, nullable=true) / protected ?string $length; /* * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=190, nullable=true) / protected ?string $trait; /* * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=20, nullable=false) / protected string $type; /* * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity="Table", inversedBy="fields", cascade={"persist"}) * @ORM\JoinColumn(nullable=false) * * @Assert\NotBlank() * @Assert\NotNull() */ protected Table $table; public function __construct() { $this->created_at = new \DateTime(); $this->default_value = null; $this->description = null; $this->name = ''; $this->index = null; $this->is_nullable = false; $this->length = null; $this->title = ''; $this->type = 'string'; $this->position = 0; } public function __toString(): string { return $this->title; } public function getTable(): Table { return $this->table; } public function setTable(Table $table): self { $this->table = $table; return $this; } public function getIndex(): ?string { return $this->index; } public function setIndex(?string $index): self { $this->index = $index; return $this; } public function isIsNullable(): bool { return $this->is_nullable; } public function setIsNullable(bool $is_nullable): self { $this->is_nullable = $is_nullable; return $this; } public function getTrait(): ?string { return $this->trait; } public function setTrait(?string $trait): self { $this->trait = $trait; return $this; } public function getType(): string { return $this->type; } public function setType(string $type): self { $this->type = $type; return $this; } public function getDefaultValue(): ?string { return $this->default_value; } public function setDefaultValue(?string $default_value): self { $this->default_value = $default_value; return $this; } public function getLength(): ?string { return $this->length; } public function setLength(?string $length): self { $this->length = $length; return $this; } }	1,712	[ 128000, 1340, 1230, 271, 18978, 39027, 9962, 28, 16, 629, 2280, 16147, 5501, 71756, 8575, 15778, 59, 2831, 401, 817, 29732, 38917, 66355, 439, 54690, 280, 817, 16147, 5501, 59, 43031, 8575, 91190, 29035, 50357, 280, 817, 16398, 99210, 91190, 50799, 59, 13221, 59, 23657, 3106, 280, 817, 16398, 15650, 50799, 59, 13221, 439, 5432, 401, 1784, 353, 571, 4463, 15778, 746, 353, 571, 4463, 55879, 3232, 429, 29811, 7647, 12406, 761, 353, 415, 25998, 18013, 353, 692, 571, 4463, 59, 1581, 39482, 16160, 3571, 24546, 353, 415, 1173, 353, 415, 5016, 13221, 18013, 353, 692, 571, 4463, 59, 23657, 18372, 39482, 16160, 609, 498, 330, 2048, 851, 68532, 353, 692, 571, 4463, 59, 23657, 18372, 39482, 16160, 2150, 498, 330, 2048, 851, 68532, 353, 415, 457, 353, 1763, 353, 571, 23657, 3106, 38801, 16160, 609, 498, 330, 2048, 24546, 353, 571, 23657, 3106, 38801, 16160, 2150, 498, 330, 2048, 24546, 740, 1058, 8771, 198, 517, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 82063, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 3936, 45753, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 678, 45753, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 10906, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 3897, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 71487, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 73379, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 20488, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 6245, 498, 13561, 12497, 11, 2671, 16160, 2309, 794, 15, 3602, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 1845, 400, 285, 70843, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 14416, 17289, 80874, 498, 330, 45431, 498, 330, 1899, 40770, 498, 330, 52749, 12998, 24546, 257, 1235, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 928, 498, 3160, 28, 1135, 11, 13561, 11516, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 949, 928, 400, 1275, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 1342, 498, 13561, 11516, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 949, 928, 400, 2309, 3220, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 928, 498, 3160, 28, 7028, 11, 13561, 11516, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 949, 928, 400, 4222, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 928, 498, 3160, 28, 7028, 11, 13561, 11516, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 949, 928, 400, 30532, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 928, 498, 3160, 28, 508, 11, 13561, 12497, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 925, 400, 1337, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 59, 44194, 65732, 429, 2620, 498, 1558, 41019, 1383, 429, 9184, 498, 43118, 16160, 40926, 24546, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 59, 41490, 35985, 12497, 340, 257, 1235, 257, 353, 571, 8702, 59, 45753, 746, 257, 353, 571, 8702, 59, 11250, 746, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 6771, 400, 2048, 401, 262, 586, 734, 1328, 7750, 746, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 7266, 3837, 256, 284, 502, 1144, 7844, 545, 286, 400, 576, 405, 2309, 3220, 284, 854, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 4789, 220, 284, 854, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 609, 260, 284, 7700, 286, 400, 576, 405, 1275, 286, 284, 854, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 285, 70843, 220, 284, 905, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 4222, 996, 284, 854, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 2150, 286, 284, 7700, 286, 400, 576, 405, 1337, 260, 284, 364, 928, 1025, 286, 400, 576, 405, 3571, 257, 284, 220, 15, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 1328, 6712, 4658, 925, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 2150, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 636, 2620, 4658, 6771, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 2048, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 2620, 68948, 400, 2048, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 2048, 284, 400, 2048, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 90871, 4658, 949, 928, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 1275, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 1581, 34394, 928, 400, 1275, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 1275, 284, 400, 1275, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 374, 3957, 16078, 4658, 1845, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 285, 70843, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 39498, 16078, 9963, 400, 285, 70843, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 285, 70843, 284, 400, 285, 70843, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 636, 50357, 4658, 949, 928, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 30532, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 50357, 34394, 928, 400, 30532, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 30532, 284, 400, 30532, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 37681, 4658, 925, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 1337, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 63809, 3693, 400, 1337, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 1337, 284, 400, 1337, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 636, 42633, 4658, 949, 928, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 2309, 3220, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 42633, 34394, 928, 400, 2309, 3220, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 2309, 3220, 284, 400, 2309, 3220, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 636, 4472, 4658, 949, 928, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 4222, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 4472, 34394, 928, 400, 4222, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 4222, 284, 400, 4222, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 457, 534, 128001 ]
Immunotherapy Combined with Radiation Amplifies Effects of Treatment Researchers at the University of Chicago completed a recent cancer study with mice as subjects. The mice were given a combination of radiation therapy with anti-tumor vaccines, and this improved the response of the cells in the immune system that fight cancer. It led to tumor regression in the mice. The blocking of immune checkpoints, which are molecules that stop immune cells from being able to fight cancer in our bodies, is serving as a promising new treatment for various cancers. Most patients do not benefit from only blocking the checkpoints though because that does not help the tumor-fighting T-cells infiltrate the tumor. Rather, they require some sort of combination therapy to see any actual results. Radiation has often been used as part of a combination therapy because it causes damage to tumor DNA, thereby killing some tumor cells. Additionally, it radiation also helps the immune system recognize the cancer cells that need to be destroyed. The researchers in this study wanted to see if the radiation therapy could help in mice with pancreatic cancer. The mice in the study had PD-L1, which is a gland on a tumor that makes it highly resistant to just one kind of therapy. It has the ability to turn immune cells off. The director of the study was pleased with the results. He said that they now had a “step by step strategy” to get past the normal barriers associated with cancer treatment and get more cancer-fighting T-cells to turn “on” and join the fight. By increasing the amount of T-cells that are infiltrating the tumor, the combination treatment became more effective. The researchers then studied 183 human pancreatic cancer cells and found that the ones with the worst outcomes were the ones that had a low amount of T-cells fighting the tumor and a high expression of the PD-L1 gland. They then recreated these conditions in the mice and found that the checkpoint inhibitors by themselves or in combination with a vaccine did not stop tumor growth. However, when radiation was introduced, the tumor growth was halted which suggests that radiation breaks down some barriers for these other treatments to make them more effective. This means it further promotes a healthy and responsive immune system as well.This new strategy could be used to fight many cancer types because it makes radiation treatment multi-purpose.	476	[ 128000, 1453, 26046, 42811, 58752, 449, 90326, 72715, 9803, 30246, 315, 31969, 198, 60210, 520, 279, 3907, 315, 10780, 8308, 264, 3293, 9572, 4007, 449, 24548, 439, 15223, 13, 578, 24548, 1051, 2728, 264, 10824, 315, 25407, 15419, 449, 7294, 2442, 69361, 40300, 11, 323, 420, 13241, 279, 2077, 315, 279, 7917, 304, 279, 22852, 1887, 430, 4465, 9572, 13, 1102, 6197, 311, 36254, 31649, 304, 279, 24548, 627, 791, 22978, 315, 22852, 68309, 11, 902, 527, 35715, 430, 3009, 22852, 7917, 505, 1694, 3025, 311, 4465, 9572, 304, 1057, 13162, 11, 374, 13788, 439, 264, 26455, 502, 6514, 369, 5370, 51423, 13, 7648, 6978, 656, 539, 8935, 505, 1193, 22978, 279, 68309, 3582, 1606, 430, 1587, 539, 1520, 279, 36254, 2269, 45850, 350, 1824, 6572, 43364, 349, 279, 36254, 13, 26848, 11, 814, 1397, 1063, 3460, 315, 10824, 15419, 311, 1518, 904, 5150, 3135, 627, 75246, 367, 706, 3629, 1027, 1511, 439, 961, 315, 264, 10824, 15419, 1606, 433, 11384, 5674, 311, 36254, 15922, 11, 28592, 13419, 1063, 36254, 7917, 13, 23212, 11, 433, 25407, 1101, 8779, 279, 22852, 1887, 15641, 279, 9572, 7917, 430, 1205, 311, 387, 14763, 627, 791, 12074, 304, 420, 4007, 4934, 311, 1518, 422, 279, 25407, 15419, 1436, 1520, 304, 24548, 449, 98144, 9572, 13, 578, 24548, 304, 279, 4007, 1047, 27572, 8288, 16, 11, 902, 374, 264, 67169, 389, 264, 36254, 430, 3727, 433, 7701, 31785, 311, 1120, 832, 3169, 315, 15419, 13, 1102, 706, 279, 5845, 311, 2543, 22852, 7917, 1022, 627, 791, 7690, 315, 279, 4007, 574, 18949, 449, 279, 3135, 13, 1283, 1071, 430, 814, 1457, 1047, 264, 1054, 9710, 555, 3094, 8446, 863, 311, 636, 3347, 279, 4725, 30740, 5938, 449, 9572, 6514, 323, 636, 810, 9572, 2269, 45850, 350, 1824, 6572, 311, 2543, 1054, 263, 863, 323, 5249, 279, 4465, 13, 3296, 7859, 279, 3392, 315, 350, 1824, 6572, 430, 527, 43364, 1113, 279, 36254, 11, 279, 10824, 6514, 6244, 810, 7524, 627, 791, 12074, 1243, 20041, 220, 10750, 3823, 98144, 9572, 7917, 323, 1766, 430, 279, 6305, 449, 279, 12047, 20124, 1051, 279, 6305, 430, 1047, 264, 3428, 3392, 315, 350, 1824, 6572, 11039, 279, 36254, 323, 264, 1579, 7645, 315, 279, 27572, 8288, 16, 67169, 627, 7009, 1243, 37680, 1521, 4787, 304, 279, 24548, 323, 1766, 430, 279, 30395, 68642, 555, 5694, 477, 304, 10824, 449, 264, 25474, 1550, 539, 3009, 36254, 6650, 13, 4452, 11, 994, 25407, 574, 11784, 11, 279, 36254, 6650, 574, 61195, 902, 13533, 430, 25407, 18808, 1523, 1063, 30740, 369, 1521, 1023, 22972, 311, 1304, 1124, 810, 7524, 13, 1115, 3445, 433, 4726, 39990, 264, 9498, 323, 27078, 22852, 1887, 439, 1664, 29845, 502, 8446, 1436, 387, 1511, 311, 4465, 1690, 9572, 4595, 1606, 433, 3727, 25407, 6514, 7447, 59338, 13, 128001 ]
According to research, it’s possible that we don’t all see the same colors. Experts say one person could perceive the color red as someone else’s blue or green. Remember a few months ago when a huge stink was raised over the color of a dress? It all has to do with how many color receptors you have. The most popular explanation, as agreed upon by IFL Science and ASAP Science, is that the photo argument provides an example of the phenomenon color constancy. It leads to the perceived color of an object being “guessed” by our brains based on the lighting conditions of the environment around us. The colors you can see, depend on the number and the distribution of cones (color receptors) in your eye. You can check this rainbow and measure the shades that you can distinguish: If you can see less than 20 shades: You are a bicolor, like dogs, which means that you have only two types of cones. 25% of the population is dichroic. If you can see from 20 to 32 shades: You are a trichromatic, you have three types of cones (purple / blue, green and red). You can enjoy various colors. 50% of the population is trichromatic. If you can see between 33 and 39 shades: Then you are -tetrachromatic- like bees, and you have four types of cone (purple / blue, green, red, yellow). Bothered by the yellow so that it will hardly found any outfit in your wardrobe. 25% of the population is tetrachromatic. If you can see more than 39 shades: Something goes wrong! There are only 39 different colors in the test and probably only 35 rendered correctly by the computer screen. It is very likely that people who have four cones, won’t easily fooled by a blue / black or white / gold shade, no matter the brightness and the background color of the photo.	412	[ 128000, 11439, 311, 3495, 11, 433, 753, 3284, 430, 584, 1541, 1431, 682, 1518, 279, 1890, 8146, 13, 51859, 2019, 832, 1732, 1436, 45493, 279, 1933, 2579, 439, 4423, 775, 753, 6437, 477, 6307, 627, 29690, 264, 2478, 4038, 4227, 994, 264, 6908, 357, 771, 574, 9408, 927, 279, 1933, 315, 264, 8679, 30, 1102, 682, 706, 311, 656, 449, 1268, 1690, 1933, 44540, 499, 617, 627, 791, 1455, 5526, 16540, 11, 439, 7378, 5304, 555, 358, 6254, 10170, 323, 67590, 10170, 11, 374, 430, 279, 6685, 5811, 5825, 459, 3187, 315, 279, 25885, 1933, 738, 6709, 13, 1102, 11767, 311, 279, 26617, 1933, 315, 459, 1665, 1694, 1054, 8890, 22456, 863, 555, 1057, 35202, 3196, 389, 279, 18186, 4787, 315, 279, 4676, 2212, 603, 627, 791, 8146, 499, 649, 1518, 11, 6904, 389, 279, 1396, 323, 279, 8141, 315, 87992, 320, 3506, 44540, 8, 304, 701, 8071, 13, 1472, 649, 1817, 420, 48713, 323, 6767, 279, 37199, 430, 499, 649, 33137, 512, 2746, 499, 649, 1518, 2753, 1109, 220, 508, 37199, 25, 1472, 527, 264, 60831, 795, 11, 1093, 12875, 11, 902, 3445, 430, 499, 617, 1193, 1403, 4595, 315, 87992, 13, 220, 914, 4, 315, 279, 7187, 374, 29953, 299, 292, 627, 2746, 499, 649, 1518, 505, 220, 508, 311, 220, 843, 37199, 25, 1472, 527, 264, 490, 718, 99866, 11, 499, 617, 2380, 4595, 315, 87992, 320, 57607, 611, 6437, 11, 6307, 323, 2579, 570, 1472, 649, 4774, 5370, 8146, 13, 220, 1135, 4, 315, 279, 7187, 374, 490, 718, 99866, 627, 2746, 499, 649, 1518, 1990, 220, 1644, 323, 220, 2137, 37199, 25, 5112, 499, 527, 482, 83, 17820, 613, 99866, 12, 1093, 40558, 11, 323, 499, 617, 3116, 4595, 315, 22949, 320, 57607, 611, 6437, 11, 6307, 11, 2579, 11, 14071, 570, 426, 1605, 291, 555, 279, 14071, 779, 430, 433, 690, 20781, 1766, 904, 28403, 304, 701, 46846, 13, 220, 914, 4, 315, 279, 7187, 374, 259, 17820, 613, 99866, 627, 2746, 499, 649, 1518, 810, 1109, 220, 2137, 37199, 25, 25681, 5900, 5076, 0, 2684, 527, 1193, 220, 2137, 2204, 8146, 304, 279, 1296, 323, 4762, 1193, 220, 1758, 23188, 12722, 555, 279, 6500, 4264, 627, 2181, 374, 1633, 4461, 430, 1274, 889, 617, 3116, 87992, 11, 2834, 1431, 6847, 80647, 555, 264, 6437, 611, 3776, 477, 4251, 611, 6761, 28601, 11, 912, 5030, 279, 33306, 323, 279, 4092, 1933, 315, 279, 6685, 13, 128001 ]
Craniofacial malformations include a variety of anomalies, including cleft lip with or without cleft palate, craniosynostosis, microtia, and hemifacial microsomia. All of these anomalies can be either isolated or part of a defined genetic syndrome. A clinical geneticist or genetic counselor should be a member of the craniofacial team to help determine which patients have isolated anomalies and which are likely to have a syndrome. They would then arrange for the appropriate genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis of the specific syndrome. The identification of the specific syndrome is important for the overall care of the patient (as it identifies risk for other medical problems such as congenital heart defect) that will have to be taken into account in the care of the craniofacial malformation. In addition, knowing the specific syndrome will allow the family to understand how this happened to their child and the recurrence risk for future pregnancies. With the advent of new technologies, there are now many types of genetic testing available (including, karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, chromosomal microarrays, and next generation sequencing) and the medical geneticist and genetic counselor can determine which specific testing is needed for a given patient.	254	[ 128000, 34, 6713, 822, 22974, 532, 8811, 630, 811, 2997, 264, 8205, 315, 75559, 11, 2737, 272, 2414, 19588, 449, 477, 2085, 272, 2414, 77338, 11, 70637, 3614, 1910, 537, 10934, 11, 8162, 83, 689, 11, 323, 17728, 333, 33211, 8162, 57839, 689, 13, 2052, 315, 1521, 75559, 649, 387, 3060, 25181, 477, 961, 315, 264, 4613, 19465, 28439, 13, 362, 14830, 19465, 380, 477, 19465, 62475, 1288, 387, 264, 4562, 315, 279, 70637, 822, 22974, 532, 2128, 311, 1520, 8417, 902, 6978, 617, 25181, 75559, 323, 902, 527, 4461, 311, 617, 264, 28439, 13, 2435, 1053, 1243, 31993, 369, 279, 8475, 19465, 7649, 311, 7838, 279, 23842, 315, 279, 3230, 28439, 13, 578, 22654, 315, 279, 3230, 28439, 374, 3062, 369, 279, 8244, 2512, 315, 279, 8893, 320, 300, 433, 36611, 5326, 369, 1023, 6593, 5435, 1778, 439, 83066, 2223, 4851, 23011, 8, 430, 690, 617, 311, 387, 4529, 1139, 2759, 304, 279, 2512, 315, 279, 70637, 822, 22974, 532, 8811, 1659, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 14392, 279, 3230, 28439, 690, 2187, 279, 3070, 311, 3619, 1268, 420, 7077, 311, 872, 1716, 323, 279, 76293, 5326, 369, 3938, 82308, 13, 3161, 279, 11599, 315, 502, 14645, 11, 1070, 527, 1457, 1690, 4595, 315, 19465, 7649, 2561, 320, 16564, 11, 597, 661, 4249, 11, 97332, 304, 10109, 26038, 2065, 11, 22083, 96108, 8162, 67993, 11, 323, 1828, 9659, 62119, 8, 323, 279, 6593, 19465, 380, 323, 19465, 62475, 649, 8417, 902, 3230, 7649, 374, 4460, 369, 264, 2728, 8893, 13, 128001 ]
This weekend is one of WWE's biggest events of the year with the Royal Rumble at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona. To celebrate, Chase Field has introduced the Royal Rumble Burger. This monster includes a 1 1/2 pound pork bratwurst patty, all kinds of cheese, bacon, mac & cheese wedges and more heart stopping excellence. I can't even imagine what this will cost but I want one! I will be in Phoenix for the Rumble this weekend. This might have to happen.	103	[ 128000, 2028, 9178, 374, 832, 315, 34538, 596, 8706, 4455, 315, 279, 1060, 449, 279, 16591, 432, 23568, 520, 35674, 8771, 304, 23503, 11, 17368, 13, 2057, 18890, 11, 35674, 8771, 706, 11784, 279, 16591, 432, 23568, 52871, 13, 1115, 18118, 5764, 264, 220, 16, 220, 16, 14, 17, 31123, 36167, 117845, 86, 33712, 281, 23758, 11, 682, 13124, 315, 17604, 11, 41452, 11, 9155, 612, 17604, 11077, 4282, 323, 810, 4851, 23351, 38656, 627, 40, 649, 956, 1524, 13085, 1148, 420, 690, 2853, 719, 358, 1390, 832, 0, 358, 690, 387, 304, 23503, 369, 279, 432, 23568, 420, 9178, 13, 1115, 2643, 617, 311, 3621, 13, 128001 ]
Reddit is not the best place to ask these questions unfortunately. Peter I would watch the Ryan X. Charles videos documenting the time up to the hard fork and the technical issues of big blocks vs small blocks \+ Lightning. They are excellent and achieve a nice middle ground between the technical sides of the discussion and the social aspects at play. Sorry your post was deleted in r/Bitcoin but that is the norm. It is important to understand that many of the so called "technical" arguments put out by the BTC core team and community are compromised. The censorship is one good indicator of this.	120	[ 128000, 61574, 374, 539, 279, 1888, 2035, 311, 2610, 1521, 4860, 26907, 13, 11291, 358, 1053, 3821, 279, 13960, 1630, 13, 15274, 6946, 68071, 279, 892, 709, 311, 279, 2653, 23243, 323, 279, 11156, 4819, 315, 2466, 10215, 6296, 2678, 10215, 1144, 10, 34944, 13, 2435, 527, 9250, 323, 11322, 264, 6555, 6278, 5015, 1990, 279, 11156, 11314, 315, 279, 10430, 323, 279, 3674, 13878, 520, 1514, 382, 19701, 701, 1772, 574, 11309, 304, 436, 14, 49387, 719, 430, 374, 279, 7617, 13, 1102, 374, 3062, 311, 3619, 430, 1690, 315, 279, 779, 2663, 330, 73237, 1, 6105, 2231, 704, 555, 279, 37145, 6332, 2128, 323, 4029, 527, 44500, 13, 578, 52988, 374, 832, 1695, 21070, 315, 420, 13, 128001 ]
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why? Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell . - The energy required by the body for all its functions is generated in the mitochondria . - This energy is released in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) . All the energy or “power” that we use on a daily basis for various activities is produced in the mitochondria.	94	[ 128000, 23956, 1262, 2444, 273, 374, 3967, 439, 279, 75214, 315, 279, 2849, 30, 8595, 5380, 55470, 47517, 4298, 374, 3967, 439, 279, 75214, 315, 279, 2849, 16853, 12, 578, 4907, 2631, 555, 279, 2547, 369, 682, 1202, 5865, 374, 8066, 304, 279, 55042, 4298, 16853, 12, 1115, 4907, 374, 6004, 304, 279, 1376, 315, 67656, 320, 2654, 71970, 483, 12639, 764, 93473, 8, 16853, 2460, 279, 4907, 477, 1054, 13477, 863, 430, 584, 1005, 389, 264, 7446, 8197, 369, 5370, 7640, 374, 9124, 304, 279, 55042, 4298, 13, 128001 ]
I made the most delicious dinner the other night that I am dying to share! I used my Shortcut Caesar Dressing recipe and modified the Chickpea Pancakes to make the tortilla. Cook in a nonstick pan on med-high, flipping once until medium rare. Now assemble! Put the caesar salad on the chickpea tortilla. Then slice the duck and place on top. I also topped mine with some pickled red onions (recipe coming soon). Being at home with limited shopping has really challenged me to be more creative with my meals. I found it is really reigniting my passion for cooking and being creative in the kitchen. I think this means you can look forward to lots of new fun recipes from me in the near future!	157	[ 128000, 40, 1903, 279, 1455, 18406, 14177, 279, 1023, 3814, 430, 358, 1097, 23069, 311, 4430, 0, 358, 1511, 856, 96565, 54753, 29318, 287, 11363, 323, 11041, 279, 63226, 375, 64, 97314, 2094, 311, 1304, 279, 16831, 6374, 627, 59482, 304, 264, 2536, 30133, 7363, 389, 1812, 28661, 11, 65761, 3131, 3156, 11298, 9024, 627, 7184, 42840, 0, 10435, 279, 2211, 33340, 33566, 389, 279, 31863, 375, 64, 16831, 6374, 13, 5112, 16363, 279, 37085, 323, 2035, 389, 1948, 13, 358, 1101, 40901, 10705, 449, 1063, 3820, 839, 2579, 45697, 320, 26273, 5108, 5246, 4390, 34242, 520, 2162, 449, 7347, 12185, 706, 2216, 29991, 757, 311, 387, 810, 11782, 449, 856, 21644, 13, 358, 1766, 433, 374, 2216, 31402, 5977, 856, 11939, 369, 17677, 323, 1694, 11782, 304, 279, 9979, 13, 358, 1781, 420, 3445, 499, 649, 1427, 4741, 311, 10283, 315, 502, 2523, 19141, 505, 757, 304, 279, 3221, 3938, 0, 128001 ]
Most of Microchem’s clients are familiar with the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, which causes oral thrush, yeast infections, and occasional but serious systemic infections. Recently, awareness has grown regarding a related species, Candida auris. Both fungi are naturally resistant to certain silver-based antimicrobials and some ordinary disinfectants. C. auris was first described in Japan in 2009. The CDC issued a clinical alert in June 2016 requesting that cases in the U.S be monitored, properly identified, and reported. Since the clinical alert, C. auris has been isolated from U.S. patients with infections of the ear, blood, and urinary tract. As of February 16, 2017, a total of 35 cases have been reported in the U.S. C. auris often infects already-hospitalized patients and is frequently resistant to antifungal drugs. To eliminate C. auris in the hospital environment, CDC recommends a thorough daily cleaning of infected patients’ rooms. The duration of increased infection control precautions should be based on reassessment of C. auris colonization. CDC and EPA do not seem to agree on the proper way to disinfect the organism. CDC recommends that hospitals and nursing homes use disinfectants with a fungicidal claim to eliminate C. auris. EPA recommends disinfection with only disinfectants bearing a claim against C. difficile spores (which are difficult to disinfect but microbiologically unrelated to Candida auris cells).	308	[ 128000, 13622, 315, 18654, 2464, 753, 8403, 527, 11537, 449, 279, 86954, 4633, 1853, 29569, 79902, 94916, 64, 82698, 38473, 11, 902, 11384, 21308, 8983, 1136, 11, 41580, 30020, 11, 323, 28961, 719, 6129, 46417, 30020, 627, 46237, 11, 17985, 706, 15042, 9002, 264, 5552, 9606, 11, 94916, 64, 44521, 285, 13, 11995, 81540, 527, 18182, 31785, 311, 3738, 15310, 6108, 79312, 2823, 65, 10522, 323, 1063, 19664, 64842, 3836, 1821, 627, 34, 13, 44521, 285, 574, 1176, 7633, 304, 6457, 304, 220, 1049, 24, 13, 578, 40409, 11136, 264, 14830, 5225, 304, 5651, 220, 679, 21, 35792, 430, 5157, 304, 279, 549, 815, 387, 41223, 11, 10489, 11054, 11, 323, 5068, 13, 8876, 279, 14830, 5225, 11, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 706, 1027, 25181, 505, 549, 815, 13, 6978, 449, 30020, 315, 279, 2487, 11, 6680, 11, 323, 72735, 42929, 13, 1666, 315, 7552, 220, 845, 11, 220, 679, 22, 11, 264, 2860, 315, 220, 1758, 5157, 617, 1027, 5068, 304, 279, 549, 815, 13, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 3629, 34527, 82, 2736, 2902, 6432, 1534, 6978, 323, 374, 14134, 31785, 311, 3276, 333, 58267, 11217, 627, 1271, 22472, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 304, 279, 8952, 4676, 11, 40409, 40912, 264, 17879, 7446, 16204, 315, 29374, 6978, 529, 12295, 13, 578, 8250, 315, 7319, 19405, 2585, 61003, 1288, 387, 3196, 389, 32834, 24280, 315, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 96553, 627, 74558, 323, 27250, 656, 539, 2873, 311, 7655, 389, 279, 6300, 1648, 311, 64842, 3836, 279, 47120, 13, 40409, 40912, 430, 24461, 323, 28456, 10632, 1005, 64842, 3836, 1821, 449, 264, 34698, 292, 26966, 3802, 311, 22472, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 13, 27250, 40912, 64842, 13421, 449, 1193, 64842, 3836, 1821, 18534, 264, 3802, 2403, 356, 13, 77411, 993, 4692, 320, 8370, 527, 5107, 311, 64842, 3836, 719, 53499, 30450, 46305, 311, 94916, 64, 44521, 285, 7917, 570, 128001 ]
How do you plot an equation in MATLAB? 60 second suggested clip1:309:21MATLAB Function Plotting Basics – YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd my Y values now let’s plot these points. So basically I’ve just created five XY pairs that I canMoreAnd my Y values now let’s plot these points. So basically I’ve just created five XY pairs that I can plot to do this the command I’m going to use is simply plot type plot parentheses X comma y. How do you plot a data set in MATLAB? 55 second suggested clip0:209:10Basic data plotting in MATLAB – YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipI first have to create a vector for inputs for example X. Equal 1 0.5 to 10 and that would give me aMoreI first have to create a vector for inputs for example X. Equal 1 0.5 to 10 and that would give me a vector of x values from 1 to 10 skipping. By 0.5. How do you plot an equation on a graph? To graph an equation using the slope and y-intercept, 1) Write the equation in the form y = mx + b to find the slope m and the y-intercept (0, b). 2) Next, plot the y-intercept. 3) From the y-intercept, move up or down and left or right, depending on whether the slope is positive or negative. How do you plot a graph in a text file in MATLAB? 60 second suggested clip0:392:43Reading and Plotting Data from a Text File in MATLAB – YouTubeYouTube How do you plot 3 points in MATLAB? plot3( X , Y , Z ) plots coordinates in 3-D space. - To plot a set of coordinates connected by line segments, specify X , Y , and Z as vectors of the same length. - To plot multiple sets of coordinates on the same set of axes, specify at least one of X , Y , or Z as a matrix and the others as vectors. What is plot Matlab? The plot function in Matlab is used to create a graphical representation of some data. It is often very easy to “see” a trend in data when plotted, and very difficult when just looking at the raw numbers.	501	[ 128000, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 459, 24524, 304, 50447, 5380, 1399, 2132, 12090, 12607, 16, 25, 15500, 25, 1691, 57989, 20257, 5830, 27124, 1303, 68276, 1389, 13674, 54846, 3563, 315, 12090, 12607, 3812, 315, 12090, 12607, 3112, 856, 816, 2819, 1457, 1095, 753, 7234, 1521, 3585, 13, 2100, 13524, 358, 4070, 1120, 3549, 4330, 58419, 13840, 430, 358, 649, 7816, 3112, 856, 816, 2819, 1457, 1095, 753, 7234, 1521, 3585, 13, 2100, 13524, 358, 4070, 1120, 3549, 4330, 58419, 13840, 430, 358, 649, 7234, 311, 656, 420, 279, 3290, 358, 4344, 2133, 311, 1005, 374, 5042, 7234, 955, 7234, 75075, 1630, 32783, 379, 627, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 264, 828, 743, 304, 50447, 5380, 2131, 2132, 12090, 12607, 15, 25, 12652, 25, 605, 16323, 828, 45002, 304, 50447, 1389, 13674, 54846, 3563, 315, 12090, 12607, 3812, 315, 12090, 12607, 40, 1176, 617, 311, 1893, 264, 4724, 369, 11374, 369, 3187, 1630, 13, 39574, 220, 16, 220, 15, 13, 20, 311, 220, 605, 323, 430, 1053, 3041, 757, 264, 7816, 40, 1176, 617, 311, 1893, 264, 4724, 369, 11374, 369, 3187, 1630, 13, 39574, 220, 16, 220, 15, 13, 20, 311, 220, 605, 323, 430, 1053, 3041, 757, 264, 4724, 315, 865, 2819, 505, 220, 16, 311, 220, 605, 43759, 13, 3296, 220, 15, 13, 20, 627, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 459, 24524, 389, 264, 4876, 5380, 1271, 4876, 459, 24524, 1701, 279, 31332, 323, 379, 45994, 1512, 11, 220, 16, 8, 9842, 279, 24524, 304, 279, 1376, 379, 284, 14961, 489, 293, 311, 1505, 279, 31332, 296, 323, 279, 379, 45994, 1512, 320, 15, 11, 293, 570, 220, 17, 8, 9479, 11, 7234, 279, 379, 45994, 1512, 13, 220, 18, 8, 5659, 279, 379, 45994, 1512, 11, 3351, 709, 477, 1523, 323, 2163, 477, 1314, 11, 11911, 389, 3508, 279, 31332, 374, 6928, 477, 8389, 627, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 264, 4876, 304, 264, 1495, 1052, 304, 50447, 5380, 1399, 2132, 12090, 12607, 15, 25, 19695, 25, 3391, 32999, 323, 27124, 1303, 2956, 505, 264, 2991, 2958, 304, 50447, 1389, 13674, 54846, 198, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 220, 18, 3585, 304, 50447, 5380, 4569, 18, 7, 1630, 1174, 816, 1174, 1901, 883, 31794, 14259, 304, 220, 18, 9607, 3634, 627, 12, 2057, 7234, 264, 743, 315, 14259, 8599, 555, 1584, 21282, 11, 14158, 1630, 1174, 816, 1174, 323, 1901, 439, 23728, 315, 279, 1890, 3160, 627, 12, 2057, 7234, 5361, 7437, 315, 14259, 389, 279, 1890, 743, 315, 25776, 11, 14158, 520, 3325, 832, 315, 1630, 1174, 816, 1174, 477, 1901, 439, 264, 6303, 323, 279, 3885, 439, 23728, 627, 3923, 374, 7234, 98689, 5380, 791, 7234, 734, 304, 98689, 374, 1511, 311, 1893, 264, 54243, 13340, 315, 1063, 828, 13, 1102, 374, 3629, 1633, 4228, 311, 1054, 4151, 863, 264, 9327, 304, 828, 994, 68683, 11, 323, 1633, 5107, 994, 1120, 3411, 520, 279, 7257, 5219, 13, 128001 ]
Deke Arndt, Chief of the Climate Monitoring Branch, National Climatic Data Center There were many extreme weather events around the globe during 2012. Let’s take a look at the climate context. Climate.gov presents Extreme Events of 2012: Global to Local Responses Arctic sea ice reached a record low—about half the normal September area based on the 34-year satellite record. Over four and a half million square miles of ice melted, the largest annual sea ice loss on record for the Arctic. Climatologists are interested in how this sea ice loss affects wind and temperature not only in the Arctic but at lower latitudes in the United States, Europe and Asia. The entire Northern Hemisphere was warm during 2012. Drought affected agricultural regions in North America, Europe, eastern Russia, the Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. These warm conditions impacted grain yields, water supplies, and heat-related illness. Global food prices rose by 10 percent during July. Major flooding battered other regions throughout the year. During July, at least 32 people were killed in Japan as a year’s worth of rain fell in one weekend in some areas. In August, the Philippines saw heavy monsoon rains that brought severe flooding. Eighty percent of the capital city of Manilla was under water, impacting 2.4 million people. Beijing, China, also saw torrential rainfall, with daily totals normally expected over a period of two months. Four typhoons struck Korea—something that hasn’t happened in the past five decades—and more than 200 people died. Learning how our neighbors around the world cope with and adapt to extreme events can help us make better decisions, become more resilient, and be “climate smart.” For climate.gov, I’m Deke Arndt.	377	[ 128000, 1951, 441, 1676, 303, 83, 11, 14681, 315, 279, 31636, 51803, 26176, 11, 5165, 62930, 780, 2956, 5955, 198, 3947, 1051, 1690, 14560, 9282, 4455, 2212, 279, 24867, 2391, 220, 679, 17, 13, 6914, 753, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 279, 10182, 2317, 627, 83146, 14489, 18911, 50495, 18093, 315, 220, 679, 17, 25, 8121, 311, 8949, 81567, 198, 7098, 26636, 9581, 10054, 8813, 264, 3335, 3428, 2345, 9274, 4376, 279, 4725, 6250, 3158, 3196, 389, 279, 220, 1958, 4771, 24088, 3335, 13, 6193, 3116, 323, 264, 4376, 3610, 9518, 8931, 315, 10054, 50459, 11, 279, 7928, 9974, 9581, 10054, 4814, 389, 3335, 369, 279, 37518, 627, 34, 4763, 266, 22012, 527, 8173, 304, 1268, 420, 9581, 10054, 4814, 22223, 10160, 323, 9499, 539, 1193, 304, 279, 37518, 719, 520, 4827, 6987, 21237, 304, 279, 3723, 4273, 11, 4606, 323, 13936, 627, 791, 4553, 17355, 96878, 574, 8369, 2391, 220, 679, 17, 13, 423, 6478, 11754, 29149, 13918, 304, 4892, 5270, 11, 4606, 11, 24024, 8524, 11, 279, 19278, 11, 323, 73537, 13, 4314, 8369, 4787, 40028, 24875, 36508, 11, 3090, 17135, 11, 323, 8798, 14228, 17563, 13, 8121, 3691, 7729, 16392, 555, 220, 605, 3346, 2391, 5887, 627, 35575, 39262, 80756, 1023, 13918, 6957, 279, 1060, 627, 16397, 5887, 11, 520, 3325, 220, 843, 1274, 1051, 7577, 304, 6457, 439, 264, 1060, 753, 5922, 315, 11422, 11299, 304, 832, 9178, 304, 1063, 5789, 627, 644, 6287, 11, 279, 26363, 5602, 8987, 1647, 67156, 62555, 430, 7263, 15748, 39262, 13, 36944, 88, 3346, 315, 279, 6864, 3363, 315, 2418, 6374, 574, 1234, 3090, 11, 74055, 220, 17, 13, 19, 3610, 1274, 627, 3513, 24570, 11, 5734, 11, 1101, 5602, 31675, 532, 53958, 11, 449, 7446, 44745, 14614, 3685, 927, 264, 4261, 315, 1403, 4038, 627, 28070, 13892, 764, 29639, 17948, 12126, 2345, 34431, 430, 12775, 1431, 7077, 304, 279, 3347, 4330, 11026, 17223, 810, 1109, 220, 1049, 1274, 8636, 627, 48567, 1268, 1057, 19228, 2212, 279, 1917, 37586, 449, 323, 10737, 311, 14560, 4455, 649, 1520, 603, 1304, 2731, 11429, 11, 3719, 810, 59780, 11, 323, 387, 1054, 94874, 7941, 49216, 2520, 10182, 14489, 11, 358, 4344, 1611, 441, 1676, 303, 83, 13, 128001 ]
Cognition and Learning Needs - Moderate Learning Difficulties (MLD) - Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD) – dyslexia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia Type of support/provision made at Farne Primary School - We support access to the curriculum and to develop the skills for independent learning e.g. through changes to classroom environments, use of IT, support staff, specific interventions etc. - We use a wide range of resources to promote multi-sensory, practical, creative and independent learning. - Staff seek specialists advice and the expertise from SENTASS (Special Educational Needs Teaching and Support Service) to ensure the needs of children are clearly identified. - Additional processing/thinking time for responding to questions, completing tasks, sharing ideas. - We assess pupils for access arrangements for SATs testing and provide appropriate arrangements. - Differentiated curriculum and resources to enable pupils to make progress. - Strategies to promote and develop literacy and mathematical skills with increasing independence. - Small group or 1:1 targeted intervention programmes are delivered to pupils to improve reading, writing and maths skills. - Small group differentiated daily phonics teaching for Reception, Key Stage 1 and some key Stage 2 pupils at their level of phonic acquisition. - Along with first quality teaching and interventions we also use IT based programmes used to reduce barriers to learning where possible e.g. R.M Maths. - Use of support materials and resources such as Numicon. - Provision of table top resources to promote independence and ensure that learning is multi-sensory and practical. - Strategies and resources to support dyslexic pupils eg. coloured overlays for reading, word banks to support spelling of key words. Updated September '17	368	[ 128000, 34, 31756, 323, 21579, 44240, 198, 12, 96075, 21579, 29469, 3951, 552, 320, 2735, 35, 340, 12, 29362, 21579, 29469, 3951, 552, 320, 6540, 12615, 8, 1389, 22709, 2635, 689, 11, 22709, 81730, 689, 11, 22709, 652, 710, 689, 198, 941, 315, 1862, 18493, 13311, 1903, 520, 13759, 818, 26150, 6150, 198, 12, 1226, 1862, 2680, 311, 279, 30676, 323, 311, 2274, 279, 7512, 369, 9678, 6975, 384, 1326, 13, 1555, 4442, 311, 24978, 22484, 11, 1005, 315, 8871, 11, 1862, 5687, 11, 3230, 39455, 5099, 627, 12, 1226, 1005, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 5070, 311, 12192, 7447, 1355, 729, 683, 11, 15325, 11, 11782, 323, 9678, 6975, 627, 12, 17381, 6056, 35416, 9650, 323, 279, 19248, 505, 96851, 5045, 320, 20989, 46945, 44240, 45377, 323, 9365, 5475, 8, 311, 6106, 279, 3966, 315, 2911, 527, 9539, 11054, 627, 12, 24086, 8863, 21071, 16113, 892, 369, 30438, 311, 4860, 11, 27666, 9256, 11, 11821, 6848, 627, 12, 1226, 8720, 45172, 369, 2680, 28904, 369, 43354, 82, 7649, 323, 3493, 8475, 28904, 627, 12, 34496, 10234, 30676, 323, 5070, 311, 7431, 45172, 311, 1304, 5208, 627, 12, 56619, 311, 12192, 323, 2274, 53082, 323, 37072, 7512, 449, 7859, 24589, 627, 12, 15344, 1912, 477, 220, 16, 25, 16, 17550, 21623, 38737, 527, 12886, 311, 45172, 311, 7417, 5403, 11, 4477, 323, 71808, 7512, 627, 12, 15344, 1912, 89142, 7446, 51923, 1233, 12917, 369, 77051, 11, 5422, 22891, 220, 16, 323, 1063, 1401, 22891, 220, 17, 45172, 520, 872, 2237, 315, 1343, 14338, 24279, 627, 12, 32944, 449, 1176, 4367, 12917, 323, 39455, 584, 1101, 1005, 8871, 3196, 38737, 1511, 311, 8108, 30740, 311, 6975, 1405, 3284, 384, 1326, 13, 432, 1345, 93678, 627, 12, 5560, 315, 1862, 7384, 323, 5070, 1778, 439, 16610, 1965, 627, 12, 72673, 315, 2007, 1948, 5070, 311, 12192, 24589, 323, 6106, 430, 6975, 374, 7447, 1355, 729, 683, 323, 15325, 627, 12, 56619, 323, 5070, 311, 1862, 22709, 2635, 292, 45172, 8866, 13, 58919, 97972, 369, 5403, 11, 3492, 14286, 311, 1862, 43529, 315, 1401, 4339, 627, 16593, 6250, 364, 1114, 128001 ]
\|This article is part of a series on the\| The Currency Act or Paper Bills of Credit Actis one of several Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain that regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British America. The Acts sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency. The policy created tension between the colonies and Great Britain and was cited as a grievance by colonists early in the American Revolution. However, the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the debts by colonists to British merchants were not a major cause of the Revolution. In 1995, a random survey of 178 members of the Economic History Association found that 92% of economists and 74% of historians disagreed with the statement, "The debts owed by colonists to British merchants and other private citizens constituted one of the most powerful causes leading to the Revolution." From their origin, the colonies struggled with the development of an effective medium of exchange for goods and services. After depleting the vast majority of their monetary resources through imports, the first settlers strained to keep money in circulation. They could not find a suitable medium of exchange in which the value did not depreciate. The colonists generally employed three main types of currency. The first was commodity money, using the staple of a given region as a means of exchange. The second was specie, or gold or silver money. Lastly, paper money (or fiat money), issued in the form of a bill of exchange or a banknote, mortgaged on the value of the land that an individual owned. Each year, the supply of specie in the colonies decreased due to international factors. The dearth of specie rendered it ineffective as a means of exchange for day-to-day purchases. Colonists frequently adopted a barter system to acquire the goods and services they required. Essentially, this method proved to be ineffective and a commodity system was adopted in its place. Tobacco was used as a monetary substitute in Virginia as early as 1619.A major shortcoming of this system was that the quality of the substitutes was inconsistent. The poorer qualities ended up in circulation while the finer qualities were inevitably exported. This commodity system became increasingly ineffective as colonial debts increased. In 1690, Massachusetts became the first colony to issue paper currency. This currency was employed as a means to finance its share of the debt from King William's War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, "that unless it is backed by specie it is cost-free currency". The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts was eleven percent.The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall colonial economy, which led to hyperinflation and the corresponding reduction in purchasing power per unit of money. British merchants were forced to accept this depreciated currency as a repayment of debts. This led to the Currency Act of 1751. The first Act, the Currency Act 1751 (24 Geo. II c. 53), restricted the issue of paper money and the establishment of new public banks by the colonies of New England.These colonies had issued paper fiat money known as "bills of credit" to help pay for military expenses during the French and Indian Wars. Because more paper money was issued than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but did not allow their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British colonies of North America. Unlike the earlier Act, this statute did not prohibit the colonies from issuing paper money, but it did forbid them from designating future currency issues as legal tender for public and private debts. This tight money policy created financial difficulties in the colonies, where gold and silver were in short supply.Benjamin Franklin, a colonial agent in London, lobbied for repeal of the Act over the next several years, as did other agents. The act arose when Virginia farmers continued to import during the French and Indian War. Virginia issued £250,000 in bills of credit to finance both public and private debts. This legislation differed from the 1751 act in that it prohibited the colonists from designating paper currency for use as payment for any debts, public or private. Parliament did not, however, prohibit the colonists from issuing paper money. The Act was put into place as a hedge against risks associated with economic fluctuations and uncertainty. The colonial government of the Province of New York insisted that the Currency Act prevented it from providing funds for British troops in compliance with the Quartering Act. As a result, in 1770, Parliament gave permission (10 Geo. Ill c. 35) for New York to issue £120,000 in paper currency for public but not private debts.Parliament extended these concessions to the other colonies in 1773 (13 Geo. III c. 57) by amending the Currency Act 1764, permitting the colonies to issue paper currency as legal tender for public debts. According to historian Jack Sosin, the British government had made its point: After nine years, the colonial agents had secured a paper currency for the provinces. But the Americans had tacitly, if not implicitly, acknowledged the authority of Parliament. And in the final analysis this was all the imperial government wanted. Currency Acts created tension between the colonies and the mother country, and were a contributing factor in the coming of the American Revolution. In all of the colonies except Delaware, the Acts were considered to be a "major grievance".When the First Continental Congress met in 1774, it issued a Declaration of Rights, which outlined colonial objections to certain Acts of Parliament. Congress called on Parliament to repeal the Currency Act of 1764, one of seven Acts labeled "subversive of American rights". However, according to historians Jack Greene and Richard Jellison, the currency debate was no longer really a "live issue" in 1774, due to the 1773 amendment of the Act. The controversy's most important impact was psychological, in that it helped convince many colonists that Parliament did not understand or care about their problems. Colonial leaders came to believe that they, rather than Parliament, were better suited to legislate for the colonies. The Stamp Act of 1765 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which imposed a direct tax on the British colonies in America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp. Printed materials included legal documents, magazines, playing cards, newspapers, and many other types of paper used throughout the colonies, and it had to be paid in British currency, not in colonial paper money. The House of Burgesses was the elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly, the legislative body of the Colony of Virginia. With the creation of the House of Burgesses in 1642, the General Assembly, which had been established in 1619, became a bicameral institution. The Intolerable Acts were punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British Government. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts. The Quartering Acts were two or more Acts of British Parliament requiring local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food. Each of the Quartering Acts was an amendment to the Mutiny Act and required annual renewal by Parliament. They were originally intended as a response to issues that arose during the French and Indian War and soon became a source of tensions between the inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies and the government in London. These tensions would later lead toward the American Revolution. The American Colonies Act 1766, commonly known as the Declaratory Act, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765 and the changing and lessening of the Sugar Act. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act because boycotts were hurting British trade and used the declaration to justify the repeal and save face. The declaration stated that the Parliament's authority was the same in America as in Britain and asserted Parliament's authority to pass laws that were binding on the American colonies. The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in British America which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The charter took effect on May 14, 1692, and included the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Plymouth Colony, the Province of Maine, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the direct successor. Maine has been a separate state since 1820, and Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are now Canadian provinces, having been part of the colony only until 1697. The Townshend Acts or Townshend Duties, refers to a series of British acts of Parliament passed during 1767 and 1768 relating to the British colonies in America. They are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer who proposed the program. Historians vary slightly as to which acts they include under the heading "Townshend Acts", but five are often listed: The Stamp Act Congress, also known as the Continental Congress of 1765, was a meeting held in New York, New York, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America. It was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation. Parliament had passed the Stamp Act, which required the use of specialty stamped paper for legal documents, playing cards, calendars, newspapers, and dice for virtually all business in the colonies starting on November 1, 1765. The Sugar Act 1764, also known as the American Revenue Act 1764 or the American Duties Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on 5 April 1764. The preamble to the act stated: "it is expedient that new provisions and regulations should be established for improving the revenue of this Kingdom ... and ... it is just and necessary that a revenue should be raised ... for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the same." The earlier Molasses Act 1733, which had imposed a tax of six pence per gallon of molasses, had never been effectively collected due to colonial evasion. By reducing the rate by half and increasing measures to enforce the tax, Parliament hoped that the tax would actually be collected. These incidents increased the colonists' concerns about the intent of the British Parliament and helped the growing movement that became the American Revolution. The Tea Act 1773 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The principal objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses and to help the struggling company survive. A related objective was to undercut the price of illegal tea, smuggled into Britain's North American colonies. This was supposed to convince the colonists to purchase Company tea on which the Townshend duties were paid, thus implicitly agreeing to accept Parliament's right of taxation. Smuggled tea was a large issue for Britain and the East India company, since approximately 86% of all the tea in America at the time was smuggled Dutch tea. "No taxation without representation" is a political slogan that originated in the American Revolution, and which expressed one of the primary grievances of the American colonists against Great Britain. In short, many colonists believed that as they were not represented in the distant British parliament, any taxes it imposed on the colonists were unconstitutional, and were a denial of the colonists' rights as Englishmen. A stamp act is any legislation that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents. Those who pay the tax receive an official stamp on their documents, making them legal documents. A variety of products have been covered by stamp acts including playing cards, dice, patent medicines, cheques, mortgages, contracts, marriage licenses and newspapers. The items often have to be physically stamped at approved government offices following payment of the duty, although methods involving annual payment of a fixed sum or purchase of adhesive stamps are more practical and common. Early American currency went through several stages of development during the colonial and post-Revolutionary history of the United States. John Hull was authorized by the Massachusetts legislature to make the earliest coinage of the colony, the willow, the oak, and the pine tree shilling in 1652. The Molasses Act of 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-British colonies. Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies. The Act was not passed for the purpose of raising revenue, but rather to regulate trade by making British products cheaper than those from the French West Indies. The Molasses Act greatly affected the significant colonial molasses trade. Canada has an extensive history with regard to its currencies. Prior to European contact, indigenous peoples in Canada used items such as wampum and furs for trading purposes, which continued when trade with Europeans began. The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying taxes apart from those imposed by the Townshend Acts. The Sons of Liberty strongly opposed the taxes in the Townshend Act as a violation of their rights. Protesters, some disguised as American Indians, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. Fiat money is a type of money that is not backed by any commodity such as gold or silver, and derives its value solely from the trust that people place on it. Throughout history, fiat money was sometimes issued by local banks and other institutions. In modern times, fiat money is generally established by government regulation. The American Revolutionary War inflicted great financial costs on all of the combatants, including the United States, France, Spain and the Kingdom of Great Britain. France and Great Britain spent 1.3 billion livres and 250 million pounds, respectively. The United States spent $400 million in wages for its troops. Spain increased its military spending from 454 million reales in 1778 to over 700 million reales in 1781. The constitutional history of opposition to taxation is sufficiently interesting to be abstracted from broader contexts. Key action occurred in the Colony of Virginia in the decade before 1776. A particular protest document, arguably the most eloquent and most effective among many colonial protests, merits special attention. The Boston Non-importation agreement was a boycott which restricted importation of goods to the city of Boston. This agreement was signed on August 1, 1768, by more than sixty merchants and traders. After two weeks time, there were only sixteen traders who did not join the effort.	3,227	[ 128000, 91, 2028, 4652, 374, 961, 315, 264, 4101, 389, 279, 7511, 791, 29553, 3298, 477, 18343, 46740, 315, 16666, 3298, 285, 832, 315, 3892, 49918, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 430, 35319, 5684, 3300, 11136, 555, 279, 49028, 315, 8013, 5270, 13, 578, 49918, 16495, 311, 6144, 8013, 42870, 323, 66599, 505, 1694, 7318, 304, 73058, 660, 37683, 11667, 13, 578, 4947, 3549, 24408, 1990, 279, 49028, 323, 8681, 13527, 323, 574, 22628, 439, 264, 51013, 685, 555, 15235, 1705, 4216, 304, 279, 3778, 22910, 13, 4452, 11, 279, 24811, 1684, 4315, 6617, 7100, 51801, 323, 45415, 374, 430, 279, 45305, 555, 15235, 1705, 311, 8013, 42870, 1051, 539, 264, 3682, 5353, 315, 279, 22910, 13, 763, 220, 2550, 20, 11, 264, 4288, 10795, 315, 220, 11256, 3697, 315, 279, 23362, 11346, 10229, 1766, 430, 220, 6083, 4, 315, 45415, 323, 220, 5728, 4, 315, 51801, 71803, 449, 279, 5224, 11, 330, 791, 45305, 49009, 555, 15235, 1705, 311, 8013, 42870, 323, 1023, 879, 10495, 65591, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 8147, 11384, 6522, 311, 279, 22910, 10246, 3915, 872, 6371, 11, 279, 49028, 28214, 449, 279, 4500, 315, 459, 7524, 11298, 315, 9473, 369, 11822, 323, 3600, 13, 4740, 409, 698, 1303, 279, 13057, 8857, 315, 872, 33384, 5070, 1555, 15557, 11, 279, 1176, 61107, 73779, 311, 2567, 3300, 304, 35855, 13, 2435, 1436, 539, 1505, 264, 14791, 11298, 315, 9473, 304, 902, 279, 907, 1550, 539, 73058, 349, 13, 578, 15235, 1705, 8965, 20011, 2380, 1925, 4595, 315, 11667, 13, 578, 1176, 574, 38983, 3300, 11, 1701, 279, 50056, 315, 264, 2728, 5654, 439, 264, 3445, 315, 9473, 13, 578, 2132, 574, 1424, 648, 11, 477, 6761, 477, 15310, 3300, 13, 71809, 11, 5684, 3300, 320, 269, 54930, 3300, 705, 11136, 304, 279, 1376, 315, 264, 4121, 315, 9473, 477, 264, 6201, 10179, 11, 10237, 70, 3359, 389, 279, 907, 315, 279, 4363, 430, 459, 3927, 13234, 627, 4959, 1060, 11, 279, 8312, 315, 1424, 648, 304, 279, 49028, 25983, 4245, 311, 6625, 9547, 13, 578, 25237, 339, 315, 1424, 648, 23188, 433, 55288, 439, 264, 3445, 315, 9473, 369, 1938, 4791, 11477, 24393, 13, 32042, 1705, 14134, 18306, 264, 3703, 466, 1887, 311, 21953, 279, 11822, 323, 3600, 814, 2631, 13, 71854, 11, 420, 1749, 19168, 311, 387, 55288, 323, 264, 38983, 1887, 574, 18306, 304, 1202, 2035, 13, 66210, 574, 1511, 439, 264, 33384, 28779, 304, 13286, 439, 4216, 439, 220, 10718, 24, 885, 3682, 2875, 5065, 315, 420, 1887, 574, 430, 279, 4367, 315, 279, 91362, 574, 40240, 13, 578, 66281, 29600, 9670, 709, 304, 35855, 1418, 279, 73886, 29600, 1051, 40605, 35990, 13, 1115, 38983, 1887, 6244, 15098, 55288, 439, 37683, 45305, 7319, 627, 644, 220, 11739, 15, 11, 22108, 6244, 279, 1176, 42036, 311, 4360, 5684, 11667, 13, 1115, 11667, 574, 20011, 439, 264, 3445, 311, 17452, 1202, 4430, 315, 279, 11897, 505, 6342, 12656, 596, 5111, 13, 7089, 49028, 6288, 8272, 7937, 11, 323, 555, 220, 11123, 20, 5899, 315, 279, 61759, 1047, 594, 13909, 311, 279, 67599, 315, 5684, 11667, 13, 84038, 31552, 435, 82276, 12711, 22020, 279, 9610, 315, 5684, 11667, 11, 330, 9210, 7389, 433, 374, 22126, 555, 1424, 648, 433, 374, 2853, 12862, 11667, 3343, 578, 5684, 11667, 73058, 660, 6288, 1606, 279, 49028, 17124, 810, 1109, 1148, 574, 72515, 704, 315, 35855, 13, 3296, 220, 11771, 15, 11, 50981, 10951, 19123, 315, 9473, 1051, 1193, 3116, 3346, 315, 3663, 907, 323, 1884, 315, 22108, 574, 45314, 3346, 11829, 3300, 8312, 574, 7982, 520, 264, 1790, 10819, 4478, 1109, 430, 315, 279, 8244, 37683, 8752, 11, 902, 6197, 311, 17508, 258, 65249, 323, 279, 12435, 14278, 304, 23395, 2410, 824, 5089, 315, 3300, 13, 8013, 42870, 1051, 9770, 311, 4287, 420, 73058, 660, 11667, 439, 264, 71118, 315, 45305, 13, 1115, 6197, 311, 279, 29553, 3298, 315, 220, 10005, 16, 627, 791, 1176, 3298, 11, 279, 29553, 3298, 220, 10005, 16, 320, 1187, 33010, 13, 8105, 272, 13, 220, 4331, 705, 22486, 279, 4360, 315, 5684, 3300, 323, 279, 21967, 315, 502, 586, 14286, 555, 279, 49028, 315, 1561, 9635, 5221, 2423, 49028, 1047, 11136, 5684, 54930, 3300, 3967, 439, 330, 65, 3385, 315, 6807, 1, 311, 1520, 2343, 369, 6411, 18512, 2391, 279, 8753, 323, 7904, 15317, 13, 9393, 810, 5684, 3300, 574, 11136, 1109, 1148, 574, 72515, 704, 315, 35855, 11, 279, 11667, 73058, 660, 304, 12976, 311, 279, 8013, 31123, 73037, 13, 578, 84913, 25544, 574, 28856, 311, 42870, 304, 8681, 13527, 11, 889, 1051, 9770, 311, 4287, 279, 73058, 660, 11667, 505, 15235, 1705, 369, 8323, 315, 45305, 627, 791, 3298, 7347, 279, 3938, 4360, 315, 19123, 315, 6807, 311, 3738, 13463, 13, 1102, 5535, 279, 6484, 19123, 311, 387, 1511, 439, 5897, 28682, 369, 586, 45305, 320, 72, 1770, 13, 12798, 13426, 705, 719, 1550, 539, 2187, 872, 1005, 369, 879, 45305, 320, 68, 1326, 13, 369, 12798, 42870, 4390, 791, 29553, 3298, 220, 10967, 19, 320, 19, 33010, 13, 14767, 272, 13, 220, 1958, 8, 11838, 279, 220, 10005, 16, 3298, 311, 682, 315, 279, 8013, 49028, 315, 4892, 5270, 13, 27140, 279, 6931, 3298, 11, 420, 35786, 1550, 539, 48486, 279, 49028, 505, 43221, 5684, 3300, 11, 719, 433, 1550, 74731, 1124, 505, 2955, 1113, 3938, 11667, 4819, 439, 5897, 28682, 369, 586, 323, 879, 45305, 13, 1115, 10508, 3300, 4947, 3549, 6020, 27129, 304, 279, 49028, 11, 1405, 6761, 323, 15310, 1051, 304, 2875, 8312, 1823, 268, 26312, 19372, 11, 264, 37683, 8479, 304, 7295, 11, 326, 21046, 1142, 369, 40679, 315, 279, 3298, 927, 279, 1828, 3892, 1667, 11, 439, 1550, 1023, 13307, 13, 578, 1180, 51063, 994, 13286, 20957, 8738, 311, 1179, 2391, 279, 8753, 323, 7904, 5111, 13, 13286, 11136, 7083, 5154, 11, 931, 304, 19123, 315, 6807, 311, 17452, 2225, 586, 323, 879, 45305, 13, 1115, 13543, 89075, 505, 279, 220, 10005, 16, 1180, 304, 430, 433, 27010, 279, 15235, 1705, 505, 2955, 1113, 5684, 11667, 369, 1005, 439, 8323, 369, 904, 45305, 11, 586, 477, 879, 13, 20302, 1550, 539, 11, 4869, 11, 48486, 279, 15235, 1705, 505, 43221, 5684, 3300, 13, 578, 3298, 574, 2231, 1139, 2035, 439, 264, 42766, 2403, 15635, 5938, 449, 7100, 65649, 323, 27924, 627, 791, 37683, 3109, 315, 279, 38894, 315, 1561, 4356, 29676, 430, 279, 29553, 3298, 32098, 433, 505, 8405, 10736, 369, 8013, 17312, 304, 8907, 449, 279, 35494, 287, 3298, 13, 1666, 264, 1121, 11, 304, 220, 11242, 15, 11, 20302, 6688, 8041, 320, 605, 33010, 13, 12799, 272, 13, 220, 1758, 8, 369, 1561, 4356, 311, 4360, 7083, 4364, 11, 931, 304, 5684, 11667, 369, 586, 719, 539, 879, 45305, 42388, 12685, 11838, 1521, 62608, 311, 279, 1023, 49028, 304, 220, 11242, 18, 320, 1032, 33010, 13, 14767, 272, 13, 220, 3226, 8, 555, 1097, 2518, 279, 29553, 3298, 220, 10967, 19, 11, 62174, 279, 49028, 311, 4360, 5684, 11667, 439, 5897, 28682, 369, 586, 45305, 13, 10771, 311, 44068, 7762, 328, 437, 258, 11, 279, 8013, 3109, 1047, 1903, 1202, 1486, 512, 6153, 11888, 1667, 11, 279, 37683, 13307, 1047, 27528, 264, 5684, 11667, 369, 279, 41021, 13, 2030, 279, 9053, 1047, 60388, 275, 398, 11, 422, 539, 52873, 11, 26579, 279, 11447, 315, 20302, 13, 1628, 304, 279, 1620, 6492, 420, 574, 682, 279, 35379, 3109, 4934, 627, 27418, 49918, 3549, 24408, 1990, 279, 49028, 323, 279, 6691, 3224, 11, 323, 1051, 264, 29820, 8331, 304, 279, 5108, 315, 279, 3778, 22910, 13, 763, 682, 315, 279, 49028, 3734, 40838, 11, 279, 49918, 1051, 6646, 311, 387, 264, 330, 37605, 51013, 685, 3343, 4599, 279, 5629, 61834, 8151, 2322, 304, 220, 11242, 19, 11, 433, 11136, 264, 42021, 315, 10734, 11, 902, 33740, 37683, 54111, 311, 3738, 49918, 315, 20302, 13, 8151, 2663, 389, 20302, 311, 40679, 279, 29553, 3298, 315, 220, 10967, 19, 11, 832, 315, 8254, 49918, 30929, 330, 2008, 3078, 535, 315, 3778, 3268, 23811, 11458, 11, 4184, 311, 51801, 7762, 59174, 323, 12131, 622, 616, 3416, 11, 279, 11667, 11249, 574, 912, 5129, 2216, 264, 330, 25859, 4360, 1, 304, 220, 11242, 19, 11, 4245, 311, 279, 220, 11242, 18, 28238, 315, 279, 3298, 13, 578, 26654, 596, 1455, 3062, 5536, 574, 24064, 11, 304, 430, 433, 9087, 28008, 1690, 15235, 1705, 430, 20302, 1550, 539, 3619, 477, 2512, 922, 872, 5435, 13, 73848, 6164, 3782, 311, 4510, 430, 814, 11, 4856, 1109, 20302, 11, 1051, 2731, 32599, 311, 8697, 5185, 369, 279, 49028, 627, 791, 55887, 3298, 315, 220, 10967, 20, 574, 459, 3298, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 902, 27070, 264, 2167, 3827, 389, 279, 8013, 49028, 304, 5270, 323, 2631, 430, 1690, 17124, 7384, 304, 279, 49028, 387, 9124, 389, 65139, 5684, 9124, 304, 7295, 11, 15691, 459, 8126, 88950, 13254, 21899, 13, 71065, 7384, 5343, 5897, 9477, 11, 32947, 11, 5737, 7563, 11, 32594, 11, 323, 1690, 1023, 4595, 315, 5684, 1511, 6957, 279, 49028, 11, 323, 433, 1047, 311, 387, 7318, 304, 8013, 11667, 11, 539, 304, 37683, 5684, 3300, 627, 791, 4783, 315, 41109, 65970, 574, 279, 16689, 18740, 2449, 315, 279, 13286, 3331, 12000, 11, 279, 27743, 2547, 315, 279, 82946, 315, 13286, 13, 3161, 279, 9886, 315, 279, 4783, 315, 41109, 65970, 304, 220, 10513, 17, 11, 279, 3331, 12000, 11, 902, 1047, 1027, 9749, 304, 220, 10718, 24, 11, 6244, 264, 60831, 309, 3333, 15244, 627, 791, 1357, 22847, 481, 49918, 1051, 82532, 7016, 5946, 555, 279, 8013, 20302, 304, 220, 11242, 19, 1306, 279, 10406, 31125, 8722, 13, 578, 7016, 1051, 8967, 311, 32151, 279, 22108, 15235, 1705, 369, 872, 90883, 304, 279, 31125, 8722, 8835, 304, 13010, 311, 4442, 304, 51727, 555, 279, 8013, 10423, 13, 763, 8681, 13527, 11, 1521, 7016, 1051, 14183, 311, 439, 279, 3623, 3035, 535, 49918, 627, 791, 35494, 287, 49918, 1051, 1403, 477, 810, 49918, 315, 8013, 20302, 23537, 2254, 17047, 315, 279, 3778, 49028, 311, 3493, 279, 8013, 15201, 449, 11983, 323, 3691, 13, 9062, 315, 279, 35494, 287, 49918, 574, 459, 28238, 311, 279, 32328, 6577, 3298, 323, 2631, 9974, 43901, 555, 20302, 13, 2435, 1051, 13517, 10825, 439, 264, 2077, 311, 4819, 430, 51063, 2391, 279, 8753, 323, 7904, 5111, 323, 5246, 6244, 264, 2592, 315, 39510, 1990, 279, 40771, 315, 279, 666, 46004, 32042, 552, 323, 279, 3109, 304, 7295, 13, 4314, 39510, 1053, 3010, 3063, 9017, 279, 3778, 22910, 627, 791, 3778, 32042, 552, 3298, 220, 10967, 21, 11, 17037, 3967, 439, 279, 1611, 13115, 5382, 3298, 11, 574, 459, 3298, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 902, 24895, 279, 40679, 315, 279, 55887, 3298, 220, 10967, 20, 323, 279, 10223, 323, 2753, 6147, 315, 279, 32019, 3298, 13, 20302, 87014, 279, 55887, 3298, 1606, 53645, 82, 1051, 48389, 8013, 6696, 323, 1511, 279, 18489, 311, 9541, 279, 40679, 323, 3665, 3663, 13, 578, 18489, 11224, 430, 279, 20302, 596, 11447, 574, 279, 1890, 304, 5270, 439, 304, 13527, 323, 50697, 20302, 596, 11447, 311, 1522, 7016, 430, 1051, 11212, 389, 279, 3778, 49028, 627, 791, 38894, 315, 22108, 9332, 574, 264, 42036, 304, 8013, 5270, 902, 6244, 832, 315, 279, 61759, 4113, 5415, 315, 279, 3723, 4273, 13, 1102, 574, 1181, 34259, 389, 6664, 220, 22, 11, 220, 11739, 16, 11, 555, 12656, 14767, 323, 10455, 8105, 11, 279, 10496, 63854, 82, 315, 279, 96506, 315, 9635, 11, 19627, 11, 323, 14990, 13, 578, 38124, 3952, 2515, 389, 3297, 220, 975, 11, 220, 11739, 17, 11, 323, 5343, 279, 22108, 9332, 82946, 11, 279, 72098, 82946, 11, 279, 38894, 315, 30890, 11, 51970, 596, 50795, 17884, 11, 452, 519, 11400, 11, 35741, 63966, 11, 323, 1561, 61250, 26, 279, 38298, 315, 22108, 374, 279, 2167, 34665, 13, 30890, 706, 1027, 264, 8821, 1614, 2533, 220, 10828, 15, 11, 323, 35741, 63966, 323, 1561, 61250, 527, 1457, 12152, 41021, 11, 3515, 1027, 961, 315, 279, 42036, 1193, 3156, 220, 11739, 22, 627, 791, 14298, 939, 408, 49918, 477, 14298, 939, 408, 44636, 552, 11, 19813, 311, 264, 4101, 315, 8013, 14385, 315, 20302, 5946, 2391, 220, 10967, 22, 323, 220, 10967, 23, 23343, 311, 279, 8013, 49028, 304, 5270, 13, 2435, 527, 7086, 1306, 15274, 14298, 939, 408, 11, 279, 48063, 315, 279, 1398, 1557, 16339, 889, 11223, 279, 2068, 13, 22425, 5493, 13592, 10284, 439, 311, 902, 14385, 814, 2997, 1234, 279, 14836, 330, 69594, 939, 408, 49918, 498, 719, 4330, 527, 3629, 10212, 512, 791, 55887, 3298, 8151, 11, 1101, 3967, 439, 279, 61834, 8151, 315, 220, 10967, 20, 11, 574, 264, 6574, 5762, 304, 1561, 4356, 11, 1561, 4356, 11, 31706, 315, 24005, 505, 1063, 315, 279, 8013, 49028, 304, 4892, 5270, 13, 1102, 574, 279, 1176, 23738, 315, 16689, 24005, 505, 3892, 315, 279, 3778, 49028, 311, 53165, 264, 43790, 8835, 2403, 502, 8013, 51727, 13, 20302, 1047, 5946, 279, 55887, 3298, 11, 902, 2631, 279, 1005, 315, 36974, 65139, 5684, 369, 5897, 9477, 11, 5737, 7563, 11, 72095, 11, 32594, 11, 323, 22901, 369, 21907, 682, 2626, 304, 279, 49028, 6041, 389, 6841, 220, 16, 11, 220, 10967, 20, 627, 791, 32019, 3298, 220, 10967, 19, 11, 1101, 3967, 439, 279, 3778, 38493, 3298, 220, 10967, 19, 477, 279, 3778, 44636, 552, 3298, 11, 574, 264, 13254, 59401, 3876, 1180, 5946, 555, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 389, 220, 20, 5936, 220, 10967, 19, 13, 578, 90554, 311, 279, 1180, 11224, 25, 330, 275, 374, 31727, 1188, 430, 502, 19705, 323, 14640, 1288, 387, 9749, 369, 18899, 279, 13254, 315, 420, 15422, 2564, 323, 2564, 433, 374, 1120, 323, 5995, 430, 264, 13254, 1288, 387, 9408, 2564, 369, 711, 11872, 287, 279, 18512, 315, 29269, 11, 22973, 11, 323, 41577, 279, 1890, 1210, 578, 6931, 33518, 52090, 3298, 220, 11908, 18, 11, 902, 1047, 27070, 264, 3827, 315, 4848, 281, 768, 824, 50680, 315, 22337, 52090, 11, 1047, 2646, 1027, 13750, 14890, 4245, 311, 37683, 77832, 13, 3296, 18189, 279, 4478, 555, 4376, 323, 7859, 11193, 311, 29262, 279, 3827, 11, 20302, 26253, 430, 279, 3827, 1053, 3604, 387, 14890, 13, 4314, 24455, 7319, 279, 15235, 1705, 6, 10742, 922, 279, 7537, 315, 279, 8013, 20302, 323, 9087, 279, 7982, 7351, 430, 6244, 279, 3778, 22910, 627, 791, 31125, 3298, 220, 11242, 18, 574, 459, 3298, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 13, 578, 12717, 16945, 574, 311, 8108, 279, 11191, 3392, 315, 15600, 5762, 555, 279, 39075, 42132, 8013, 6460, 6890, 8351, 304, 1202, 7295, 83273, 323, 311, 1520, 279, 20558, 2883, 18167, 13, 362, 5552, 16945, 574, 311, 96109, 279, 3430, 315, 12079, 15600, 11, 41837, 839, 1139, 13527, 596, 4892, 3778, 49028, 13, 1115, 574, 10171, 311, 28008, 279, 15235, 1705, 311, 7782, 8351, 15600, 389, 902, 279, 14298, 939, 408, 22006, 1051, 7318, 11, 8617, 52873, 39427, 311, 4287, 20302, 596, 1314, 315, 51727, 13, 4487, 2661, 839, 15600, 574, 264, 3544, 4360, 369, 13527, 323, 279, 6460, 6890, 2883, 11, 2533, 13489, 220, 4218, 4, 315, 682, 279, 15600, 304, 5270, 520, 279, 892, 574, 41837, 839, 24113, 15600, 627, 39522, 51727, 2085, 13340, 1, 374, 264, 5054, 52637, 430, 44853, 304, 279, 3778, 22910, 11, 323, 902, 13605, 832, 315, 279, 6156, 88036, 315, 279, 3778, 15235, 1705, 2403, 8681, 13527, 13, 763, 2875, 11, 1690, 15235, 1705, 11846, 430, 439, 814, 1051, 539, 15609, 304, 279, 29827, 8013, 21814, 11, 904, 13426, 433, 27070, 389, 279, 15235, 1705, 1051, 53925, 11, 323, 1051, 264, 35013, 315, 279, 15235, 1705, 6, 3268, 439, 6498, 5794, 627, 32, 21899, 1180, 374, 904, 13543, 430, 7612, 264, 3827, 311, 387, 7318, 389, 279, 8481, 315, 3738, 9477, 13, 13266, 889, 2343, 279, 3827, 5371, 459, 4033, 21899, 389, 872, 9477, 11, 3339, 1124, 5897, 9477, 13, 362, 8205, 315, 3956, 617, 1027, 9960, 555, 21899, 14385, 2737, 5737, 7563, 11, 22901, 11, 25589, 39653, 11, 3091, 14295, 11, 61998, 11, 17517, 11, 11103, 21746, 323, 32594, 13, 578, 3673, 3629, 617, 311, 387, 22655, 65139, 520, 12054, 3109, 19672, 2768, 8323, 315, 279, 14523, 11, 8051, 5528, 16239, 9974, 8323, 315, 264, 8521, 2694, 477, 7782, 315, 65558, 50312, 527, 810, 15325, 323, 4279, 627, 42298, 3778, 11667, 4024, 1555, 3892, 18094, 315, 4500, 2391, 279, 37683, 323, 1772, 12, 37284, 3294, 661, 3925, 315, 279, 3723, 4273, 13, 3842, 58486, 574, 19144, 555, 279, 22108, 39856, 311, 1304, 279, 30758, 16652, 425, 315, 279, 42036, 11, 279, 690, 363, 11, 279, 38971, 11, 323, 279, 34697, 5021, 559, 9585, 304, 220, 10680, 17, 627, 791, 33518, 52090, 3298, 315, 220, 11908, 18, 574, 459, 3298, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 11, 902, 27070, 264, 3827, 315, 4848, 281, 768, 824, 50680, 389, 15557, 315, 22337, 52090, 505, 2536, 7826, 1018, 819, 49028, 13, 20302, 3549, 279, 1180, 14090, 520, 279, 79397, 315, 3544, 83052, 7980, 304, 279, 8013, 4410, 85318, 13, 578, 3298, 574, 539, 5946, 369, 279, 7580, 315, 19054, 13254, 11, 719, 4856, 311, 37377, 6696, 555, 3339, 8013, 3956, 23917, 1109, 1884, 505, 279, 8753, 4410, 85318, 13, 578, 33518, 52090, 3298, 19407, 11754, 279, 5199, 37683, 22337, 52090, 6696, 627, 37031, 706, 459, 16781, 3925, 449, 5363, 311, 1202, 36702, 13, 32499, 311, 7665, 3729, 11, 39678, 32538, 304, 7008, 1511, 3673, 1778, 439, 289, 1141, 372, 323, 282, 1759, 369, 11380, 10096, 11, 902, 8738, 994, 6696, 449, 51607, 6137, 627, 791, 10406, 31125, 8722, 574, 459, 3778, 5054, 323, 16888, 519, 458, 8835, 555, 279, 51838, 315, 32492, 304, 10406, 11, 22108, 11, 389, 6790, 220, 845, 11, 220, 11242, 18, 13, 578, 2218, 574, 279, 31125, 3298, 315, 3297, 220, 605, 11, 220, 11242, 18, 11, 902, 5535, 279, 8013, 6460, 6890, 8351, 311, 4662, 15600, 505, 5734, 304, 3778, 49028, 2085, 12798, 13426, 10980, 505, 1884, 27070, 555, 279, 14298, 939, 408, 49918, 13, 578, 51838, 315, 32492, 16917, 16475, 279, 13426, 304, 279, 14298, 939, 408, 3298, 439, 264, 20535, 315, 872, 3268, 13, 37759, 388, 11, 1063, 79187, 439, 3778, 30507, 11, 14763, 459, 4553, 44854, 315, 15600, 3288, 555, 279, 6460, 6890, 8351, 627, 37, 10574, 3300, 374, 264, 955, 315, 3300, 430, 374, 539, 22126, 555, 904, 38983, 1778, 439, 6761, 477, 15310, 11, 323, 75549, 1202, 907, 21742, 505, 279, 7095, 430, 1274, 2035, 389, 433, 13, 46982, 3925, 11, 54930, 3300, 574, 7170, 11136, 555, 2254, 14286, 323, 1023, 14673, 13, 763, 6617, 3115, 11, 54930, 3300, 374, 8965, 9749, 555, 3109, 19812, 627, 791, 3778, 67679, 5111, 69177, 2294, 6020, 7194, 389, 682, 315, 279, 12896, 1821, 11, 2737, 279, 3723, 4273, 11, 9822, 11, 18157, 323, 279, 15422, 315, 8681, 13527, 13, 9822, 323, 8681, 13527, 7543, 220, 16, 13, 18, 7239, 15471, 417, 323, 220, 5154, 3610, 16701, 11, 15947, 13, 578, 3723, 4273, 7543, 400, 3443, 3610, 304, 23998, 369, 1202, 17312, 13, 18157, 7319, 1202, 6411, 10374, 505, 220, 20555, 3610, 312, 3916, 304, 220, 11242, 23, 311, 927, 220, 7007, 3610, 312, 3916, 304, 220, 11256, 16, 627, 791, 25543, 3925, 315, 14076, 311, 51727, 374, 40044, 7185, 311, 387, 8278, 291, 505, 27927, 38697, 13, 5422, 1957, 10222, 304, 279, 82946, 315, 13286, 304, 279, 13515, 1603, 220, 11242, 21, 13, 362, 4040, 8835, 2246, 11, 36659, 279, 1455, 64235, 17187, 323, 1455, 7524, 4315, 1690, 37683, 22670, 11, 50932, 3361, 6666, 627, 791, 10406, 11842, 54415, 367, 9306, 574, 264, 53645, 902, 22486, 1179, 367, 315, 11822, 311, 279, 3363, 315, 10406, 13, 1115, 9306, 574, 8667, 389, 6287, 220, 16, 11, 220, 10967, 23, 11, 555, 810, 1109, 53474, 42870, 323, 35687, 13, 4740, 1403, 5672, 892, 11, 1070, 1051, 1193, 59139, 35687, 889, 1550, 539, 5249, 279, 5149, 13, 128001 ]
Our Selection of Used SUVs SUVs are especially popular. From Ashwaubenon to De Pere and even beyond, customers are switching to this body style up from small sedans and down from larger trucks due to the versatility and capability an SUV provides. That's why we make sure to keep plenty in stock - especially models like the compact Ford Escape and the Ford Edge. These two Ford models are among the most popular SUVs we sell, and because of this, we make sure to keep plenty of them in-stock in previously owned condition as well as new condition. Not only that though, we also have plenty of other pre-owned SUVs from names such as Lincoln and Kia as well!	143	[ 128000, 8140, 25117, 315, 12477, 39773, 82, 198, 50, 23042, 82, 527, 5423, 5526, 13, 5659, 14937, 10196, 77067, 263, 311, 1611, 73578, 323, 1524, 7953, 11, 6444, 527, 28865, 311, 420, 2547, 1742, 709, 505, 2678, 11163, 598, 323, 1523, 505, 8294, 27861, 4245, 311, 279, 60112, 323, 23099, 459, 39773, 5825, 13, 3011, 596, 3249, 584, 1304, 2771, 311, 2567, 11510, 304, 5708, 482, 5423, 4211, 1093, 279, 17251, 14337, 46743, 323, 279, 14337, 10564, 13, 4314, 1403, 14337, 4211, 527, 4315, 279, 1455, 5526, 39773, 82, 584, 4662, 11, 323, 1606, 315, 420, 11, 584, 1304, 2771, 311, 2567, 11510, 315, 1124, 304, 88211, 304, 8767, 13234, 3044, 439, 1664, 439, 502, 3044, 13, 2876, 1193, 430, 3582, 11, 584, 1101, 617, 11510, 315, 1023, 864, 29799, 39773, 82, 505, 5144, 1778, 439, 25379, 323, 81370, 439, 1664, 0, 128001 ]
Ok so for modern day Germans its definitely not so clear cut, having a conglomeration of different cultures and territories. But through my best analysis we would have to go for the largest confederations of tribes throughout Germany, most notably the Germanic tribes as the Celts were most likely pushed back into Gaul. And of course Germany wasn’t a state back then so what is now Netherlands would have been encompassed within this sphere of Germanic peoples. Eastern Germany - Semnones Northwestern Germany - Saxons Central Germany - Langobards Northeastern Germany - maybe Rugii? Or the Warini, among others Southwestern Germany - maybe the Quadi but possibly others Southeastern Germany - Marcomanni and others Western Germany and Southern Germany as a whole seem to be more of a mix of tribes, prob due to less river systems and closer proximity to the Celts, especially the Boii celtic tribe in the south. But Celts (continental celts) should not be excluded from the picture here, as they were most likely there before the Germanic tribes came along (late Bronze Age - early Iron Age).	245	[ 128000, 11839, 779, 369, 6617, 1938, 42037, 1202, 8659, 539, 779, 2867, 4018, 11, 3515, 264, 390, 6200, 316, 21597, 315, 2204, 27833, 323, 39543, 13, 2030, 1555, 856, 1888, 6492, 584, 1053, 617, 311, 733, 369, 279, 7928, 2389, 7442, 811, 315, 39503, 6957, 10057, 11, 1455, 35146, 279, 6063, 292, 39503, 439, 279, 47643, 2641, 1051, 1455, 4461, 15753, 1203, 1139, 95626, 13, 1628, 315, 3388, 10057, 5828, 1431, 264, 1614, 1203, 1243, 779, 1148, 374, 1457, 26746, 1053, 617, 1027, 38632, 291, 2949, 420, 26436, 315, 6063, 292, 32538, 13, 4815, 97488, 10057, 482, 14582, 77, 3233, 271, 26287, 31382, 10057, 482, 68027, 2439, 271, 44503, 10057, 482, 23272, 677, 2402, 271, 33763, 15102, 944, 10057, 482, 7344, 37450, 3893, 30, 2582, 279, 5111, 6729, 11, 4315, 3885, 271, 26070, 31382, 10057, 482, 7344, 279, 3489, 2836, 719, 11000, 3885, 271, 58532, 15102, 944, 10057, 482, 2947, 884, 43761, 323, 3885, 4815, 55924, 10057, 323, 16642, 10057, 439, 264, 4459, 2873, 311, 387, 810, 315, 264, 6651, 315, 39503, 11, 3650, 4245, 311, 2753, 15140, 6067, 323, 12401, 37843, 311, 279, 47643, 2641, 11, 5423, 279, 2577, 3893, 272, 3903, 292, 34671, 304, 279, 10007, 13, 2030, 47643, 2641, 320, 83951, 19637, 2641, 8, 1288, 539, 387, 28544, 505, 279, 6945, 1618, 11, 439, 814, 1051, 1455, 4461, 1070, 1603, 279, 6063, 292, 39503, 3782, 3235, 320, 5185, 45967, 13381, 482, 4216, 16979, 13381, 570, 128001 ]
We are happy to present the fantastic Mirrycle Incredibell Jellibell Bicycle Bell. With so many available recently, it is wise to have a name you can recognise. The Mirrycle Incredibell Jellibell Bicycle Bell is certainly that and will be a great buy. For this reduced price, the Mirrycle Incredibell Jellibell Bicycle Bell is widely respected and is a regular choice amongst lots of people. Mirrycle have provided some excellent touches and this equals great value for money.	112	[ 128000, 1687, 527, 6380, 311, 3118, 279, 14964, 14603, 894, 9326, 763, 11081, 581, 616, 622, 616, 581, 616, 79447, 18366, 627, 2409, 779, 1690, 2561, 6051, 11, 433, 374, 24219, 311, 617, 264, 836, 499, 649, 44917, 13, 578, 14603, 894, 9326, 763, 11081, 581, 616, 622, 616, 581, 616, 79447, 18366, 374, 7995, 430, 323, 690, 387, 264, 2294, 3780, 627, 2520, 420, 11293, 3430, 11, 279, 14603, 894, 9326, 763, 11081, 581, 616, 622, 616, 581, 616, 79447, 18366, 374, 13882, 31387, 323, 374, 264, 5912, 5873, 24059, 10283, 315, 1274, 13, 14603, 894, 9326, 617, 3984, 1063, 9250, 29727, 323, 420, 17239, 2294, 907, 369, 3300, 13, 128001 ]
Ever been to Hong Kong? That's great infrastructure. California's infrastructure is lousy. 2 lanes each way on the most populous state's main interstate artery (I-5)? Embarrassing. Ever been to any state or county hospitals? Almost a 3rd world vibe. The roadsides look like shit, no civic design or beautification, no merging of nature, no technology--- nothing that you'd expect from California.	93	[ 128000, 44587, 1027, 311, 19730, 18711, 30, 3011, 596, 2294, 14054, 382, 7188, 596, 14054, 374, 326, 94623, 13, 220, 17, 34125, 1855, 1648, 389, 279, 1455, 95551, 1614, 596, 1925, 74183, 65415, 320, 40, 12, 20, 12106, 30227, 21590, 287, 13, 4815, 44587, 1027, 311, 904, 1614, 477, 14189, 24461, 30, 35403, 264, 220, 18, 6634, 1917, 47811, 13, 4815, 791, 19795, 3422, 1427, 1093, 17619, 11, 912, 44973, 2955, 477, 5017, 2461, 11, 912, 54477, 315, 7138, 11, 912, 5557, 4521, 4400, 430, 499, 4265, 1755, 505, 7188, 13, 220, 128001 ]
Getting Information to and from the National Weather Service Your National Weather Service in Gaylord provides free up-to-date forecasts and warnings for 25 counties throughout northern Michigan, as well as provides forecasts for the nearshore waters and three airport locations (Traverse City, Pellston, and Alpena Airports). However, many people often ask us the best way to get this information. As would be expected in this technology age, the answer to this question is quite varied, but below is an attempt to inform you (our customers) of the various ways you can get the latest information from the National Weather Service to use in your daily decision making. In addition, we like to hear from you. After all, even with all the latest technology available for weather observering, it is still impossible to beat the human observer. Be sure to check out the various ways you can report weather to the National Weather service by visiting the Reporting Section below. Report Your Information to Us	197	[ 128000, 29755, 8245, 311, 323, 505, 279, 5165, 23454, 5475, 198, 7927, 5165, 23454, 5475, 304, 21334, 26680, 5825, 1949, 709, 4791, 18920, 51165, 323, 19530, 369, 220, 914, 31276, 6957, 18671, 14972, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 5825, 51165, 369, 279, 3221, 29526, 21160, 323, 2380, 17149, 10687, 320, 1305, 23247, 4409, 11, 89008, 7876, 11, 323, 1708, 2821, 64, 6690, 3476, 570, 4452, 11, 1690, 1274, 3629, 2610, 603, 279, 1888, 1648, 311, 636, 420, 2038, 13, 1666, 1053, 387, 3685, 304, 420, 5557, 4325, 11, 279, 4320, 311, 420, 3488, 374, 5115, 28830, 11, 719, 3770, 374, 459, 4879, 311, 6179, 499, 320, 414, 6444, 8, 315, 279, 5370, 5627, 499, 649, 636, 279, 5652, 2038, 505, 279, 5165, 23454, 5475, 311, 1005, 304, 701, 7446, 5597, 3339, 627, 644, 5369, 11, 584, 1093, 311, 6865, 505, 499, 13, 4740, 682, 11, 1524, 449, 682, 279, 5652, 5557, 2561, 369, 9282, 22842, 287, 11, 433, 374, 2103, 12266, 311, 9567, 279, 3823, 22842, 13, 2893, 2771, 311, 1817, 704, 279, 5370, 5627, 499, 649, 1934, 9282, 311, 279, 5165, 23454, 2532, 555, 17136, 279, 47793, 11360, 3770, 627, 10577, 4718, 8245, 311, 4073, 128001 ]
With recent research shedding light to the fact that pregnant mothers living near pesticide-infested farms were 60 percent more likely to have autistic children, perhaps it’s time to delve a little deeper into the problems surrounding pesticide use nationwide. Though most of the mothers with autistic children in the study lived near fields treated with pesticides, most of the fields had several different pesticides– so understanding the risks of individual chemicals is an especially tall order, said epidemiologist Janie Shelton, PhD, the study’s lead author. The study also found a greater risk of developmental delays separate from autism in children whose mothers lived near fields where carbamates (a commonly used pesticide) were administered during their pregnancy. Furthermore, pesticides were seen to disrupt brain development and signaling so that social interactions, learning and behavior were significantly impaired. Former studies have associated pesticide use in California to autism spectrum disorders, too. A 2007 research project witnessed pervasive developmental disorders doubled with 531 children whose mothers’ urine had greater amounts of organophosphate pesticides. Another study from that year showed that mothers who lived near fields with two now-banned pesticides, called endosulfan and dicofol, were a whopping six times more likely to have children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism rates have been increasing in the United States, with the numbers climbing 30 percent between 2012 and 2014 alone. This rise in autism cases has been credited to alterations in diagnostic criteria. “Many children that we used to call intellectually disabled and many more with social deficits are now recognized as being on the autism spectrum,” says Kathy Katz, PhD, a pediatric psychologist at Georgetown University Medical Center. Many experts think that environmental exposures could be another reason for the heightened autism rates, with researchers finding that roughly one-third of the increase could be explained by changing diagnoses or kids being diagnosed at younger and younger ages. Always remember to consult your physician or chiropractor before taking any health advice. This article is made available for general, entertainment and educational purposes only. The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of The Joint Corp (or its franchisees and affiliates). You should always seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.	448	[ 128000, 2409, 3293, 3495, 80417, 3177, 311, 279, 2144, 430, 20895, 27698, 5496, 3221, 84673, 48336, 10185, 34324, 1051, 220, 1399, 3346, 810, 4461, 311, 617, 81391, 2911, 11, 8530, 433, 753, 892, 311, 82845, 264, 2697, 19662, 1139, 279, 5435, 14932, 84673, 1005, 29054, 627, 27831, 1455, 315, 279, 27698, 449, 81391, 2911, 304, 279, 4007, 12439, 3221, 5151, 12020, 449, 61257, 11, 1455, 315, 279, 5151, 1047, 3892, 2204, 61257, 4235, 779, 8830, 279, 15635, 315, 3927, 26333, 374, 459, 5423, 16615, 2015, 11, 1071, 62057, 16549, 4448, 648, 37940, 783, 11, 30661, 11, 279, 4007, 753, 3063, 3229, 627, 791, 4007, 1101, 1766, 264, 7191, 5326, 315, 48006, 32174, 8821, 505, 38281, 304, 2911, 6832, 27698, 12439, 3221, 5151, 1405, 35872, 309, 988, 320, 64, 17037, 1511, 84673, 8, 1051, 38018, 2391, 872, 20209, 627, 57417, 11, 61257, 1051, 3970, 311, 24927, 8271, 4500, 323, 43080, 779, 430, 3674, 22639, 11, 6975, 323, 7865, 1051, 12207, 50160, 627, 31945, 7978, 617, 5938, 84673, 1005, 304, 7188, 311, 38281, 20326, 24673, 11, 2288, 13, 362, 220, 1049, 22, 3495, 2447, 32126, 71867, 48006, 24673, 35717, 449, 220, 20823, 2911, 6832, 27698, 529, 40335, 1047, 7191, 15055, 315, 2942, 5237, 93473, 61257, 13, 13596, 4007, 505, 430, 1060, 8710, 430, 27698, 889, 12439, 3221, 5151, 449, 1403, 1457, 1481, 7443, 61257, 11, 2663, 842, 437, 14643, 276, 323, 21945, 1073, 337, 11, 1051, 264, 63969, 4848, 3115, 810, 4461, 311, 617, 2911, 449, 38281, 20326, 24673, 627, 20175, 2191, 7969, 617, 1027, 7859, 304, 279, 3723, 4273, 11, 449, 279, 5219, 30608, 220, 966, 3346, 1990, 220, 679, 17, 323, 220, 679, 19, 7636, 13, 1115, 10205, 304, 38281, 5157, 706, 1027, 41857, 311, 61086, 304, 15439, 13186, 627, 2118, 8607, 2911, 430, 584, 1511, 311, 1650, 94391, 8552, 323, 1690, 810, 449, 3674, 57096, 527, 1457, 15324, 439, 1694, 389, 279, 38281, 20326, 2476, 2795, 65298, 78209, 11, 30661, 11, 264, 53166, 54595, 520, 66039, 3907, 13235, 5955, 627, 8607, 11909, 1781, 430, 12434, 70530, 1436, 387, 2500, 2944, 369, 279, 60487, 38281, 7969, 11, 449, 12074, 9455, 430, 17715, 832, 30277, 315, 279, 5376, 1436, 387, 11497, 555, 10223, 85488, 477, 6980, 1694, 29704, 520, 14992, 323, 14992, 17051, 627, 38195, 6227, 311, 8666, 701, 28378, 477, 77301, 5739, 1603, 4737, 904, 2890, 9650, 627, 2028, 4652, 374, 1903, 2561, 369, 4689, 11, 16924, 323, 16627, 10096, 1193, 13, 578, 18463, 13605, 36881, 656, 539, 14647, 8881, 1884, 315, 578, 30833, 22621, 320, 269, 1202, 19562, 288, 323, 32133, 570, 1472, 1288, 2744, 6056, 279, 9650, 315, 264, 16383, 18985, 6721, 13, 128001 ]
Thread: External laptop graphics adapter. Yup you read the title right. Found this pretty interesting and had no idea this was even possible. So you want better graphics for your laptop, It just so happens the make an adapter for that. No joke check out this kit you can buy, you can get this PCI Express 16X card slot for around $85 bucks, seems kinda pricey but some might like it for something. That is pretty cool. Only negative to it, really, is the fact that you have to use a PSU instead of a wall outlet. If it used a wall outlet (or at least offered that ability with like a 12v brick), it'd be all around awesome. ASUS has a cool device that will allow laptop users to use the latest and greatest videos cards just like PC user can. The case is about 4 inches high and is a little wider and longer than a graphics card with a control dial and a graphical display. Man that would of been something finding that toy, I'd have to say its pretty sweet how far the can push hardware like they do.	225	[ 128000, 6998, 25, 32036, 21288, 14515, 13253, 627, 56, 455, 499, 1373, 279, 2316, 1314, 13, 12595, 420, 5128, 7185, 323, 1047, 912, 4623, 420, 574, 1524, 3284, 627, 4516, 499, 1390, 2731, 14515, 369, 701, 21288, 11, 1102, 1120, 779, 8741, 279, 1304, 459, 13253, 369, 430, 13, 2360, 22380, 1817, 704, 420, 16530, 499, 649, 3780, 11, 499, 649, 636, 420, 28889, 17855, 220, 845, 55, 3786, 9633, 369, 2212, 400, 5313, 48434, 11, 5084, 34490, 79462, 719, 1063, 2643, 1093, 433, 369, 2555, 627, 4897, 374, 5128, 7155, 13, 8442, 8389, 311, 433, 11, 2216, 11, 374, 279, 2144, 430, 499, 617, 311, 1005, 264, 89093, 4619, 315, 264, 7147, 27487, 13, 1442, 433, 1511, 264, 7147, 27487, 320, 269, 520, 3325, 9076, 430, 5845, 449, 1093, 264, 220, 717, 85, 25878, 705, 433, 4265, 387, 682, 2212, 12738, 627, 1950, 2078, 706, 264, 7155, 3756, 430, 690, 2187, 21288, 3932, 311, 1005, 279, 5652, 323, 12474, 6946, 7563, 1120, 1093, 6812, 1217, 649, 13, 578, 1162, 374, 922, 220, 19, 15271, 1579, 323, 374, 264, 2697, 22622, 323, 5129, 1109, 264, 14515, 3786, 449, 264, 2585, 28960, 323, 264, 54243, 3113, 627, 1692, 430, 1053, 315, 1027, 2555, 9455, 430, 22068, 11, 358, 4265, 617, 311, 2019, 1202, 5128, 10437, 1268, 3117, 279, 649, 4585, 12035, 1093, 814, 656, 13, 128001 ]
Reading A-Z resources organized into weekly content-based units and differentiated instruction options. Save valuable instructional time by combining content-area and literacy instruction with these handpicked collections of leveled books. Each category is arranged into relevant topics that contain instructionally focused groups of books at a range of levels to aid students as they learn to read and read to learn. The Content Area Reading collections give teachers the resources for comprehensive literacy instruction across subjects. The collections contain both informational texts and literature about the topics to encourage learning about content through a variety of text types. By reading different text types on a variety of academic topics at a range of complexity, students are able to develop the fluency, comprehension, and vocabulary necessary to read and understand the concepts and content taught in today's classrooms. Our vast collection of resources provides opportunities for practicing skills expected on new standardized tests. Vocabulary A-Z offers more than 500 Common Core Academic Vocabulary words organized by grade level. Create customized Academic Vocabulary lessons to support your content area curriculum. You may unsubscribe at any time.	221	[ 128000, 32999, 362, 11419, 5070, 17057, 1139, 17496, 2262, 6108, 8316, 323, 89142, 7754, 2671, 627, 8960, 15525, 72345, 892, 555, 35271, 2262, 30122, 323, 53082, 7754, 449, 1521, 1450, 94599, 15661, 315, 83349, 6603, 13, 9062, 5699, 374, 28902, 1139, 9959, 13650, 430, 6782, 7754, 750, 10968, 5315, 315, 6603, 520, 264, 2134, 315, 5990, 311, 12576, 4236, 439, 814, 4048, 311, 1373, 323, 1373, 311, 4048, 627, 791, 9059, 12299, 18242, 15661, 3041, 13639, 279, 5070, 369, 16195, 53082, 7754, 4028, 15223, 627, 791, 15661, 6782, 2225, 47735, 22755, 323, 17649, 922, 279, 13650, 311, 15253, 6975, 922, 2262, 1555, 264, 8205, 315, 1495, 4595, 627, 1383, 5403, 2204, 1495, 4595, 389, 264, 8205, 315, 14584, 13650, 520, 264, 2134, 315, 23965, 11, 4236, 527, 3025, 311, 2274, 279, 20236, 2301, 11, 62194, 11, 323, 36018, 5995, 311, 1373, 323, 3619, 279, 19476, 323, 2262, 15972, 304, 3432, 596, 58216, 627, 8140, 13057, 4526, 315, 5070, 5825, 10708, 369, 36666, 7512, 3685, 389, 502, 51114, 7177, 627, 53, 44627, 362, 11419, 6209, 810, 1109, 220, 2636, 7874, 9708, 42170, 99272, 4339, 17057, 555, 12239, 2237, 627, 4110, 32789, 42170, 99272, 18872, 311, 1862, 701, 2262, 3158, 30676, 627, 2675, 1253, 45474, 520, 904, 892, 13, 128001 ]
According to reports recently organized by the American Physicists Organization Network, an international scientific research team has for the first time developed an organic semiconductor material with huge molecules. Its structural stability, excellent electrical properties, and low cost can be used to manufacture modern electronic devices. Widely used field effect transistors. Scientists said that the latest research is expected to make artificial skin, smart bandages, flexible displays, smart windshields, wearable electronic devices, and electronic wallpaper into reality. In the current consumer market, electronic products are very expensive, mainly because electronic products such as televisions, computers, and mobile phones are all made of silicon, and the manufacturing cost is high; and carbon-based (plastic) organic electronic products are not only convenient and inexpensive to manufacture. , And light, flexible and flexible, represents the future trend of "electronic devices everywhere." Previous studies have shown that the larger the carbon structure, the better its performance. But scientists have not developed effective methods to produce larger, stable, soluble carbon structures for research until this time the Zucesko team developed this new organic semiconductor material for transistor fabrication. . Organic semiconductors are plastic materials that have special structures that make them electrically conductive. In modern electronic devices, circuits use transistors to control the current between different regions. Scientists conducted research on new organic semiconductor materials and explored the relationship between their structural and electrical properties.	289	[ 128000, 11439, 311, 6821, 6051, 17057, 555, 279, 3778, 13101, 292, 1705, 21021, 8304, 11, 459, 6625, 12624, 3495, 2128, 706, 369, 279, 1176, 892, 8040, 459, 17808, 87836, 3769, 449, 6908, 35715, 13, 11699, 24693, 20334, 11, 9250, 20314, 6012, 11, 323, 3428, 2853, 649, 387, 1511, 311, 30847, 6617, 14683, 7766, 13, 48740, 989, 1511, 2115, 2515, 1380, 380, 1105, 627, 72326, 1071, 430, 279, 5652, 3495, 374, 3685, 311, 1304, 21075, 6930, 11, 7941, 7200, 1154, 11, 19303, 19207, 11, 7941, 10160, 939, 7052, 11, 78348, 14683, 7766, 11, 323, 14683, 44686, 1139, 8903, 627, 644, 279, 1510, 11761, 3157, 11, 14683, 3956, 527, 1633, 11646, 11, 14918, 1606, 14683, 3956, 1778, 439, 8122, 41115, 11, 19002, 11, 323, 6505, 18084, 527, 682, 1903, 315, 51692, 11, 323, 279, 15266, 2853, 374, 1579, 26, 323, 12782, 6108, 320, 501, 5174, 8, 17808, 14683, 3956, 527, 539, 1193, 17125, 323, 44252, 311, 30847, 13, 1174, 1628, 3177, 11, 19303, 323, 19303, 11, 11105, 279, 3938, 9327, 315, 330, 19493, 8535, 7766, 17277, 10246, 21994, 7978, 617, 6982, 430, 279, 8294, 279, 12782, 6070, 11, 279, 2731, 1202, 5178, 13, 2030, 14248, 617, 539, 8040, 7524, 5528, 311, 8356, 8294, 11, 15528, 11, 88045, 12782, 14726, 369, 3495, 3156, 420, 892, 279, 61182, 1634, 9509, 2128, 8040, 420, 502, 17808, 87836, 3769, 369, 99041, 59251, 13, 16853, 24105, 292, 5347, 1965, 1076, 1105, 527, 12466, 7384, 430, 617, 3361, 14726, 430, 1304, 1124, 9249, 750, 6929, 535, 13, 763, 6617, 14683, 7766, 11, 46121, 1005, 1380, 380, 1105, 311, 2585, 279, 1510, 1990, 2204, 13918, 13, 57116, 13375, 3495, 389, 502, 17808, 87836, 7384, 323, 36131, 279, 5133, 1990, 872, 24693, 323, 20314, 6012, 13, 128001 ]
The words overdo, overdue sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Why do overdo, overdue sound the same even though they are completely different words? The answer is simple: overdo, overdue are homophones of the English language. To do, use, or stress to excess; carry (something) too far. To wear out the strength of; overtax. Being unpaid when due. Coming or arriving after the scheduled or expected time: <i>synonym</i>: <strong> tardy</strong>. Expected or required but not yet having come about. Delayed or with-held beyond the usual or assigned time: as, an <em>overdue</em> ship. Definitions from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition., from The Century Dictionary. and Wordnik. Homophones (literally "same sound") are usually defined as words that share the same pronunciation, regardless of how they are spelled.	209	[ 128000, 791, 4339, 927, 3055, 11, 73626, 5222, 279, 1890, 719, 617, 2204, 50800, 323, 13141, 826, 13, 8595, 656, 927, 3055, 11, 73626, 5222, 279, 1890, 1524, 3582, 814, 527, 6724, 2204, 4339, 5380, 791, 4320, 374, 4382, 25, 927, 3055, 11, 73626, 527, 5105, 5237, 3233, 315, 279, 6498, 4221, 627, 1271, 656, 11, 1005, 11, 477, 8631, 311, 13937, 26, 6920, 320, 34431, 8, 2288, 3117, 627, 1271, 10051, 704, 279, 8333, 315, 26, 927, 18081, 627, 34242, 55184, 994, 4245, 627, 57789, 477, 33111, 1306, 279, 13847, 477, 3685, 892, 25, 366, 72, 29, 20960, 7987, 524, 72, 27916, 366, 4620, 29, 62197, 88, 524, 4620, 30916, 19430, 477, 2631, 719, 539, 3686, 3515, 2586, 922, 627, 58461, 477, 449, 58606, 7953, 279, 13783, 477, 12893, 892, 25, 439, 11, 459, 366, 336, 29, 2017, 24567, 524, 336, 29, 8448, 627, 51642, 505, 578, 3778, 34243, 12175, 10685, 315, 279, 6498, 11688, 11, 220, 20, 339, 14398, 2637, 505, 578, 28200, 10685, 13, 323, 9506, 22212, 627, 50742, 5237, 3233, 320, 69191, 750, 330, 25030, 5222, 909, 527, 6118, 4613, 439, 4339, 430, 4430, 279, 1890, 71722, 11, 15851, 315, 1268, 814, 527, 68918, 13, 128001 ]
Attending spiritual retreats can prove itself quite of a healing experience. Besides being appropriate locations for contemplation and prayers, churches and monasteries have unexpected powers on people’s souls. For many, similar establishments are an escape for their daily lives, but also an affordable accommodation option that allows them to enjoy the unexpected beauties of the neighbouring areas. People today sometimes feel lost and spiritually uncertain and thinking of the divine is a frightening experience for many. However, several days spent in a spiritual retreat can prove miraculous healers for them. Below is a record of some of the most recognised establishments of this type around the world you will certainly like. Ampleforth, Yorkshire Ampleforth, Yorkshire is a Benedictine monastery with a long history in schooling and as a spiritual retreat. From the monastery’s retreat schedule, you will be able to enjoy breach prayers and relaxing walks. The goal of the abbey is helping visitors find their way back to their spiritual priorities and disconnecting from their mundane lives. The retreat also prides itself on offering the attendants the possibility to choose the way in which they want to rediscover God: through prayers or through an enclosure with nature. The abbey offers visitors the option to remain overnight on the premises. It also features a programme for young people. The location is stunning and an increasing number of young people come to enjoy the views, but also to rediscover the Lord. An entertaining and unexpected way to study the Bible on the abbey’s premises is the In Vino Veritas Program, which mixes Bible Studies with wine tastings. Those choosing to stay here through their journey will be able to enjoy full-meal courses, cooked by the monks and nuns here, which are all vegetarian. Each part of the abbey has custom church signs at the entrance. You can always find out more information about the establishment’s past by reading those. St Anthony’s Guest House, Assisi The house is run by several New-York Franciscan nuns and is one of the most notorious spiritual retreats in Italy. The settlement has exclusively 5-star reviews on Trip Advisor, but more importantly, it offers visitors the opportunity to find their way to holier matters. The Guest House is located in the breath-taking city of Assisi and offers visitors the opportunity to reconnect with the Lord through nature and prayers. For those in need of more tranquillity, you must know that the premises of the Guest House are incredibly quiet and offer visitors the opportunity of introspection. The nuns here speak perfect English, making it easier for all foreign visitors to communicate with them. The facility offers full meals and most of the rooms have terraces with breath-taking views. Villa Palazzola, near Rome The premises of this Villa are described as one of Rome’s best-kept secrets. The former palace now hosts a Catholic English college. The villa also hosted in the past a Franciscan church, so it has all the premises of offering visitors an incredibly tranquil experience. The villa is beautifully located on the lake Albano, conveniently placed at the bottom of the Alban Hills, 18 miles from the centre of Rome. The Villa organises retreats throughout the year, offering people the opportunity to discover the Bible in an incredibly beautiful settlement. The accommodation prices that you will find here are very reasonable and the retreats offer plenty of relaxation and introspection opportunities. A pool is also available for all visitors that want to escape the summer heat of Rome. The protected forests and walking trails surrounding the villa are the perfect occasions to forget your daily worries and focus on religion and rediscovering God. Mount Athos, Greece Although only men can enjoy the beauty and silence of the Mount, the four days which you can usually spend here will offer you more spiritual benefits than you anticipate. Nobody can spend more than four days on one of the 20 monasteries on Mount Athos, and the stay is usually spent in complete silence. Also, the available meals are only two per day. However, you can wash down your two daily meals with some impressively prepared wine from the monastery. This isn’t as comfortable as other suggestions on the list, but staying here for four days will allow you to rediscover the Lord in its many shapes and forms, by bonding more meaningful relationships with your fellows and nature. Cavtat Monastery, near Dubrovnik, Croatia The captivating Dubrovnik is notorious for the Cavtat Monastery. The 14th century Franciscan monastery hosts today an authentic spiritual retreat. Visitors can stay in one of the rooms available. The church is built in the Gothic-Renaissance architecture and has a turbulent history. During the 17th century, the monastery was destroyed and rebuilt from the ground, just to see itself robbed by the Russian armies in 1806. The retreat now hosts an impressive number of works of art in the main altar and the establishment itself is listed as one of Croatia’s most important monuments. All guests are welcome to enjoy monk’s services. Throughout the year, visitors can rediscover what religion and a deeper connection with God mean on the grounds of this Monastery. Some travel agencies feature attractive packages for those who want to visit the Monastery and enjoy several days in the retreat. The packages usually start at $ 450 and include accommodation, flights and transfers. Hotel Jeneralka, Prague The Jeneralka Hotel in Prague is run by the Baptist Church. Since the 18th century, in the hotel runs an International Theological Centre and a hotel, ready to host those interested in spending several nights in this beautiful retreat. You can stay in one of the 60 rooms available, some of those being apartments suitable for families. These apartments are beautifully equipped with kitchens, for a more comfortable stay. These are some of the best spiritual retreats from around the world. Regardless of your religious beliefs, you will find your inner peace regardless of your go-to option. Book in advance and enjoy several days in a deeper connection with yourself and nature.	1,369	[ 128000, 10673, 2518, 18330, 31114, 82, 649, 12391, 198, 275, 726, 5115, 315, 264, 21730, 3217, 13, 31909, 1694, 8475, 10687, 369, 198, 778, 26980, 367, 323, 34296, 11, 31012, 323, 1647, 2352, 552, 617, 16907, 13736, 389, 198, 16455, 753, 35826, 13, 1789, 1690, 11, 4528, 63337, 527, 459, 12731, 369, 872, 7446, 198, 75, 1924, 11, 719, 1101, 459, 17049, 28377, 3072, 430, 6276, 1124, 311, 4774, 198, 1820, 16907, 5017, 552, 315, 279, 62027, 5789, 13, 9029, 3432, 7170, 2733, 198, 55437, 323, 88853, 36218, 323, 7422, 315, 279, 30467, 374, 264, 54739, 198, 50659, 369, 1690, 13, 4452, 11, 3892, 2919, 7543, 304, 264, 18330, 31114, 649, 198, 35563, 91813, 27661, 388, 369, 1124, 13, 21883, 374, 264, 3335, 315, 1063, 315, 279, 1455, 198, 34551, 4147, 63337, 315, 420, 955, 2212, 279, 1917, 499, 690, 7995, 198, 4908, 627, 6219, 698, 71627, 11, 51327, 198, 6219, 698, 71627, 345, 100077, 15255, 374, 264, 62245, 483, 85861, 449, 264, 1317, 3925, 304, 68721, 323, 198, 300, 264, 18330, 31114, 13, 5659, 279, 85861, 753, 31114, 9899, 11, 499, 690, 387, 3025, 198, 998, 4774, 31471, 34296, 323, 34948, 23291, 13, 578, 5915, 315, 279, 30195, 1216, 374, 10695, 198, 2749, 12170, 1505, 872, 1648, 1203, 311, 872, 18330, 30601, 323, 30069, 287, 198, 1527, 872, 69782, 6439, 13, 578, 31114, 1101, 550, 3422, 5196, 389, 10209, 279, 198, 1617, 29410, 279, 13336, 311, 5268, 279, 1648, 304, 902, 814, 1390, 311, 21540, 3773, 198, 28622, 25, 1555, 34296, 477, 1555, 459, 58912, 449, 7138, 13, 578, 30195, 1216, 6209, 198, 2749, 12170, 279, 3072, 311, 7293, 25402, 389, 279, 35022, 13, 1102, 1101, 4519, 264, 198, 15252, 2727, 369, 3995, 1274, 13, 578, 3813, 374, 20441, 323, 459, 7859, 1396, 198, 1073, 3995, 1274, 2586, 311, 4774, 279, 6325, 11, 719, 1101, 311, 21540, 3773, 279, 10425, 627, 2127, 30311, 323, 16907, 1648, 311, 4007, 198, 1820, 17377, 389, 279, 30195, 1216, 753, 35022, 374, 279, 763, 650, 3394, 6383, 21920, 6826, 11, 902, 63526, 17377, 19241, 449, 13378, 198, 83, 561, 826, 13, 13266, 19301, 311, 4822, 1618, 1555, 872, 11879, 690, 387, 3025, 311, 198, 268, 4215, 2539, 35073, 278, 14307, 11, 30205, 555, 279, 66477, 323, 308, 11099, 1618, 11, 902, 527, 682, 198, 83571, 8997, 627, 4959, 961, 315, 279, 30195, 1216, 706, 2587, 8993, 12195, 520, 279, 198, 24677, 685, 13, 1472, 649, 2744, 1505, 704, 810, 2038, 922, 279, 21967, 753, 198, 53520, 555, 5403, 1884, 627, 626, 21353, 753, 27307, 4783, 11, 2755, 13532, 198, 791, 198, 7830, 374, 1629, 555, 3892, 1561, 30237, 672, 9893, 3510, 276, 308, 11099, 323, 374, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 198, 1962, 22766, 18330, 31114, 82, 304, 15704, 13, 578, 17516, 706, 24121, 220, 20, 21337, 198, 40575, 389, 27852, 54432, 11, 719, 810, 23659, 11, 433, 6209, 15613, 279, 198, 454, 68164, 311, 1505, 872, 1648, 311, 24429, 1291, 13146, 13, 578, 27307, 4783, 374, 7559, 304, 198, 1820, 11745, 80671, 3363, 315, 2755, 13532, 323, 6209, 15613, 279, 6776, 311, 198, 265, 6595, 449, 279, 10425, 1555, 7138, 323, 34296, 13, 1789, 1884, 304, 1205, 315, 810, 198, 44469, 447, 484, 488, 11, 499, 2011, 1440, 430, 279, 35022, 315, 279, 27307, 4783, 527, 17235, 198, 44750, 323, 3085, 15613, 279, 6776, 315, 26609, 16463, 13, 578, 308, 11099, 1618, 6604, 198, 64185, 6498, 11, 3339, 433, 8831, 369, 682, 7362, 15613, 311, 19570, 449, 198, 49818, 13, 578, 12764, 6209, 2539, 21644, 323, 1455, 315, 279, 12295, 617, 7317, 2492, 449, 198, 21152, 589, 80671, 6325, 627, 53, 6374, 11165, 10002, 8083, 11, 3221, 22463, 198, 791, 198, 1762, 76, 5014, 315, 420, 37912, 527, 7633, 439, 832, 315, 22463, 753, 1888, 12, 99020, 24511, 627, 791, 4846, 44439, 1457, 18939, 264, 16879, 6498, 7926, 13, 578, 47625, 1101, 21685, 198, 258, 279, 3347, 264, 9893, 3510, 276, 8993, 11, 779, 433, 706, 682, 279, 35022, 315, 10209, 198, 2749, 12170, 459, 17235, 68040, 3217, 13, 578, 47625, 374, 32719, 7559, 389, 198, 1820, 22553, 32672, 5770, 11, 49170, 9277, 520, 279, 5740, 315, 279, 57991, 25964, 11, 220, 972, 8931, 198, 1527, 279, 12541, 315, 22463, 13, 578, 37912, 2942, 5014, 31114, 82, 6957, 279, 1060, 345, 1885, 4776, 1274, 279, 6776, 311, 7142, 279, 17377, 304, 459, 17235, 198, 88044, 17516, 13, 578, 28377, 7729, 430, 499, 690, 1505, 1618, 527, 1633, 198, 47792, 323, 279, 31114, 82, 3085, 11510, 315, 43685, 323, 26609, 16463, 198, 454, 403, 6165, 13, 362, 7463, 374, 1101, 2561, 369, 682, 15613, 430, 1390, 311, 12731, 198, 1820, 7474, 8798, 315, 22463, 13, 578, 2682, 36658, 323, 11689, 33965, 14932, 198, 1820, 47625, 527, 279, 4832, 25975, 311, 10894, 701, 7446, 38145, 323, 5357, 389, 198, 3833, 32718, 323, 21540, 93013, 4359, 627, 16683, 20277, 437, 11, 25431, 198, 16179, 1193, 3026, 649, 4774, 279, 13444, 323, 198, 35904, 768, 315, 279, 10640, 11, 279, 3116, 2919, 902, 499, 649, 6118, 8493, 1618, 690, 3085, 198, 9514, 810, 18330, 7720, 1109, 499, 48248, 13, 37558, 649, 8493, 810, 1109, 198, 35124, 2919, 389, 832, 315, 279, 220, 508, 198, 1677, 2352, 552, 389, 10640, 20277, 437, 11, 323, 279, 4822, 374, 6118, 7543, 304, 4686, 198, 35904, 768, 13, 7429, 11, 279, 2561, 21644, 527, 1193, 1403, 824, 1938, 13, 4452, 11, 499, 649, 11623, 198, 2996, 701, 1403, 7446, 21644, 449, 1063, 10098, 3210, 10235, 13378, 505, 279, 85861, 627, 2028, 4536, 1431, 439, 10882, 439, 1023, 18726, 389, 279, 1160, 11, 719, 19994, 1618, 198, 2000, 3116, 2919, 690, 2187, 499, 311, 21540, 3773, 279, 10425, 304, 1202, 1690, 21483, 323, 198, 10008, 11, 555, 64186, 810, 23222, 12135, 449, 701, 87819, 323, 7138, 627, 34, 402, 68238, 3206, 54671, 11, 3221, 17533, 40494, 22212, 11, 58311, 198, 791, 86282, 17533, 40494, 22212, 198, 285, 44081, 369, 279, 52166, 68238, 3206, 54671, 13, 578, 220, 975, 339, 9478, 198, 81428, 3510, 276, 85861, 18939, 3432, 459, 13513, 18330, 31114, 13, 69940, 649, 198, 60021, 304, 832, 315, 279, 12295, 2561, 13, 578, 8993, 374, 5918, 304, 279, 198, 38, 8942, 292, 11151, 7304, 24918, 18112, 323, 706, 264, 83321, 3925, 13, 12220, 279, 220, 1114, 339, 198, 1189, 3431, 11, 279, 85861, 574, 14763, 323, 60685, 505, 279, 5015, 11, 1120, 311, 1518, 198, 275, 726, 63354, 555, 279, 8690, 47983, 304, 220, 5245, 21, 13, 578, 31114, 1457, 18939, 459, 198, 318, 69563, 1396, 315, 4375, 315, 1989, 304, 279, 1925, 51943, 323, 279, 21967, 198, 275, 726, 374, 10212, 439, 832, 315, 58311, 753, 1455, 3062, 63003, 13, 2052, 15051, 527, 198, 35184, 311, 4774, 63772, 753, 3600, 13, 46982, 279, 1060, 11, 15613, 649, 21540, 3773, 198, 12840, 13901, 323, 264, 19662, 3717, 449, 4359, 3152, 389, 279, 21319, 315, 420, 198, 11342, 54671, 13, 4427, 5944, 13607, 4668, 19411, 14519, 369, 1884, 889, 1390, 198, 998, 4034, 279, 3206, 54671, 323, 4774, 3892, 2919, 304, 279, 31114, 13, 578, 14519, 198, 44066, 1212, 520, 400, 220, 10617, 323, 2997, 28377, 11, 25952, 323, 31711, 627, 46674, 622, 804, 1727, 64, 11, 68389, 198, 791, 198, 41, 804, 1727, 64, 14894, 304, 68389, 374, 1629, 555, 279, 43748, 9441, 13, 8876, 279, 220, 972, 339, 198, 1189, 3431, 11, 304, 279, 9689, 8640, 459, 7327, 578, 5848, 14821, 323, 264, 9689, 345, 2359, 311, 3552, 1884, 8173, 304, 10374, 3892, 22178, 304, 420, 6366, 198, 2171, 1244, 13, 1472, 649, 4822, 304, 832, 315, 279, 220, 1399, 12295, 2561, 11, 1063, 315, 1884, 1694, 198, 391, 472, 1392, 14791, 369, 8689, 13, 4314, 32729, 527, 32719, 19167, 198, 4291, 66438, 11, 369, 264, 810, 10882, 4822, 627, 9673, 527, 1063, 315, 279, 1888, 18330, 198, 2171, 1244, 82, 505, 2212, 279, 1917, 13, 44840, 315, 701, 10597, 21463, 11, 499, 690, 1505, 198, 22479, 9358, 9096, 15851, 315, 701, 733, 4791, 3072, 13, 6017, 304, 12178, 323, 4774, 198, 325, 17998, 2919, 304, 264, 19662, 3717, 449, 6261, 323, 7138, 13, 128001 ]
This paper assesses the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and willingness-to-pay for health insurance using occupational solidarity. It also explores the views of relevant actors on occupational solidarity-based health insurance. Based on multiple regression analysis and experimental design, the combined results of the experiments indicate that the educational intervention has improved the knowledge and willingness to pay for health insurance among informal sector workers in Bangladesh.	81	[ 128000, 2028, 5684, 8720, 288, 279, 5536, 315, 16627, 21623, 389, 6677, 11, 19451, 323, 39375, 4791, 71188, 369, 2890, 8276, 1701, 65195, 44254, 13, 1102, 1101, 41424, 279, 6325, 315, 9959, 20142, 389, 65195, 44254, 6108, 2890, 8276, 13, 20817, 389, 5361, 31649, 6492, 323, 22772, 2955, 11, 279, 11093, 3135, 315, 279, 21896, 13519, 430, 279, 16627, 21623, 706, 13241, 279, 6677, 323, 39375, 311, 2343, 369, 2890, 8276, 4315, 42887, 10706, 7487, 304, 39601, 627, 128001 ]
Faster! Faster! Fox! Today my webbrowsing with Firefox just got a little bit better since I stumbled upon the FasterFox extension. I have been reading here and there about tweaking the network configuration (hint: type about:config in the address bar) to get better network mileage when browsing but FasterFox brought everything under one roof. It provides 4 preset configurations ranging fromÂ default(non-optimized) to turbo-charged (increased webserver load) and an option to customize the settings to your liking.	110	[ 128000, 37, 2352, 0, 85586, 0, 13585, 4999, 15724, 856, 3566, 65, 87366, 449, 27018, 1120, 2751, 264, 2697, 2766, 2731, 2533, 358, 50157, 5304, 279, 85586, 48414, 9070, 13, 358, 617, 1027, 5403, 1618, 323, 1070, 922, 89347, 279, 4009, 6683, 320, 47225, 25, 955, 922, 25, 1710, 304, 279, 2686, 3703, 8, 311, 636, 2731, 4009, 50952, 994, 32421, 719, 85586, 48414, 7263, 4395, 1234, 832, 15485, 13, 1102, 5825, 220, 19, 44021, 33483, 24950, 505, 33895, 1670, 30291, 12, 99968, 8, 311, 48127, 11843, 93349, 320, 43842, 1503, 3566, 4120, 2865, 8, 323, 459, 3072, 311, 32187, 279, 5110, 311, 701, 49837, 627, 128001 ]
Chrysin: A New T-Booster? How can I develop bigger traps so that they pop out when I do a crab pose? In the May ’96 issue of Muscle Media 2000, the late Dan Duchaine, known as the “steroid guru,” discussed a substance that he dubbed “Flavone-X.” Duchaine claimed that Flavone-X, which was a natural flavone existing in plants, could boost testosterone an average of 20 to 30 percent. It turned out that Flavone-X was actually an esoteric substance called chrysin. A study had been published that compared the activity of a number of natural flavonoids and flavones to the drug Cydadren in their ability to inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which works by converting androgens, including testosterone, into estrogen. Blocking the effect of aromatase would not only lower estrogen levels but also boost testosterone. Elevated estrogen in the blood sends an inhibitory message to the pituitary gland in the brain, which responds by lowering the output of gonadatropins, hormones that stimulate the body’s testosterone production. In one study, in which chrysin was given to mice, the mice not only had no changes in testosterone but also gained significant amounts of bodyfat. That unexpected side effect was attributed to the fact that flavones and flavonoids often have an inhibitory effect on the production of thyroid hormones, which would slow the resting metabolic rate. As a consequence, the chrysin-eating mice got fat but gained no muscle. Further studies showed that, as with most flavonoids and other flavones, it’s hard for the body to absorb chrysin. In most cases it merely passes through the body and is excreted without exerting any biological activity. In a 2003 study researchers gave extracts of honey and propolis, both rich in chrysin, to 20 healthy males, aged 25 to 30 for 21 days.1 None of the men showed any changes in testosterone or estrogen. The study was criticized because of the low dose of chrysin used. In other animal studies, however, chrysin seemed to lower animals’ anxiety levels. The most recent animal study divided rats into two groups.2 One group got corn oil, while the other group got 50 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight of chrysin. An important point was that both the corn oil placebo and the chrysin were provided by gavage, which means that they were delivered directly to the gut through a feeding tube. That technique may have overridden any usual interference with chrysin uptake into the body. The results showed that the rats given chrysin had favorable changes in antioxidant activity and sperm movement and shape, which pointed to increased fertility. The rats on chrysin also had significantly higher testosterone than the controls. One obvious problem with this study is the method of administration, gavage. I doubt that even the most enthusiastic bodybuilder would ever resort to inserting a tube directly into his gut to deliver chrysin. Even so, we get a clearer picture of just how effective chrysin is courtesy of two studies that involved human subjects—and athletes to boot. They were presented at the 2011 American College of Sports Medicine meeting. The first study examined the effects of chrysin on body composition, muscle strength and exercise performance. Twenty throwing athletes (I would guess that means they participated in events such as shot put, javelin, hammer throw and discus), 14 men and six women, were randomly assigned to either a control group or a chrysin group. Those in the chrysin group got three grams of chrysin a day for 21 days, while the control subjects got a placebo for the same amount of time. The authors tested the athletes for body comp, muscle strength and exercise performance on days one, eight and 22. The results showed no differences between the groups. The same researchers used the same subjects and study design to directly measure the effects of chrysin on blood and urinary levels of testosterone. Again, the subjects got three grams of either a placebo or chrysin for 21 days. This study replicated the results of the previous study, in that the researchers noted no changes in testosterone in any of the athletes who took chrysin. It’s clear that chrysin seems to work better in a test tube than it does in the human body. The reason for that is likely the difficulty in absorbing chrysin into the body. Some have suggested a few ways around that formidable barrier. One suggestion is to offer chrysin in a topical cream. Considering that gavage delivery did seem to boost uptake in rats, the topical technique may have some merit. As far as I know, however, there is no existing study that has tested the effectiveness of a topical chrysin supplement. Another suggested way to improve chrysin uptake is to combine it with piperine, an extract of pepper that appears to increase the absorption of various hard-to-absorb nutrients, including curcumin and coenzyme Q10. How piperine does that isn’t clear, but it may relate to a localized irritation effect in the intestines that makes the cells lining them more permeable than usual. Whether these methods would actually make chrysin more effective as a supplement awaits further study. About 10 years ago one of the most popular bodybuilding supplements was known as “ZMA.” The acronym stood for zinc-magnesium-aspartate, and the supplements also included vitamin B6, which acts as a coenzyme in mineral metabolism. ZMA was touted as being effective at boosting anabolic hormones, particularly testosterone and insulinlike growth factor 1. Indeed, in a study published in 2000, giving ZMA to a group of football players did result in significant boosts in testosterone and IGF-1. Later studies, however, did not replicate those findings. Most of the studies involved athletes who weren’t deficient in any of the nutrients contained in ZMA, so it makes sense that they wouldn’t experience any improvements after using the supplement. But the truth is that many athletes who don’t use food supplements may well be low in either zinc or magnesium, and in some cases, both. Magnesium exists naturally in foods often avoided by active athletes who fear weight gain, including nuts and vegetables. Since magnesium is vital for protein and fat metabolism, as well as energy production, however, not getting enough can eventually manifest itself as lack of recovery and muscle gains, as well as energy deficits. Recent studies show that magnesium does appear to have an effect on testosterone and IGF-1. For example, in a study of 399 older men, age range 65 to 92, the men’s magnesium levels showed a clear relationship to their levels of both testosterone and IGF-1.3 The authors even suggest that a lack of magnesium, because of its relationship to anabolic hormones, may play a role in the onset of both increased body inflammation and loss of muscle mass with age. The researchers speculate that magnesium has antioxidant effects that block the premature destruction of anabolic hormones, including testosterone. They note that other studies have shown that magnesium increased various marks of exercise performance, including grip strength and overall muscle strength. What about younger people: Does magnesium affect their testosterone levels? Another study examined the effects of a month of magnesium supplementation on the testosterone of athletes practicing tae kwon do and sedentary controls.4 The subjects’ testosterone was measured before using magnesium, after training to exhaustion without magnesium, at rest after using magnesium and after training to exhaustion with magnesium. The subjects were divided into three groups; group one was sedentary but took 10 milligrams of magnesium per kilogram of bodyweight, while the group two, the tae kwon do athletes, trained 90 to 120 minutes a day, also taking 10 milligrams of magnesium per kilogram of bodyweight. The last group consisted of tae kwon do athletes who didn’t get any magnesium. The results showed higher levels of free testosterone in both the sedentary and exercising groups who got the magnesium supplements, but increases were highest in those who exercised and also supplemented magnesium. Since magnesium is excreted during fat-burning processes, is required for complete protein utilization and also is depleted by high-stress conditions, it would be prudent for all bodybuilders to ensure that they get adequate amounts of the mineral. How much is needed depends on bodyweight and activity levels, but the suggested range is 500 to 900 milligrams a day. Don’t take more than 300 milligrams at a time, however, unless you enjoy having a raging case of diarrhea. 1 Gambelunghe, C.,et al. (2003). Effects of chrysin on urinary testosterone levels in human males. J Med Food. 6:387-390. 2 Ciftci, O., et al. (2011). Beneficial effects of chrysin on the reproductive system of adult male rats. Andrologia. Published online March 7. 3 Maggio, M., et al. (2011). Magnesium and anabolic hormones in older men. Int J Androl. 34:e594–e600.	1,914	[ 128000, 1163, 894, 16319, 25, 362, 1561, 350, 12, 1255, 11975, 5380, 4438, 649, 358, 2274, 11493, 45660, 779, 430, 814, 2477, 704, 994, 358, 656, 264, 60512, 17477, 5380, 644, 279, 3297, 18217, 4161, 4360, 315, 68427, 7972, 220, 1049, 15, 11, 279, 3389, 11824, 61122, 8511, 11, 3967, 439, 279, 1054, 3751, 590, 60526, 2476, 14407, 264, 20278, 430, 568, 42160, 1054, 3968, 402, 606, 31650, 2029, 61122, 8511, 11922, 430, 3061, 402, 606, 31650, 11, 902, 574, 264, 5933, 18779, 606, 6484, 304, 11012, 11, 1436, 7916, 40032, 459, 5578, 315, 220, 508, 311, 220, 966, 3346, 13, 1102, 6656, 704, 430, 3061, 402, 606, 31650, 574, 3604, 459, 1560, 83775, 20278, 2663, 523, 894, 16319, 13, 362, 4007, 1047, 1027, 4756, 430, 7863, 279, 5820, 315, 264, 1396, 315, 5933, 18779, 263, 17390, 323, 18779, 3233, 311, 279, 5623, 18221, 56944, 1466, 304, 872, 5845, 311, 69033, 279, 49242, 32369, 266, 521, 11, 902, 4375, 555, 34537, 323, 12184, 729, 11, 2737, 40032, 11, 1139, 70180, 13, 83045, 279, 2515, 315, 32369, 266, 521, 1053, 539, 1193, 4827, 70180, 5990, 719, 1101, 7916, 40032, 13, 97693, 70180, 304, 279, 6680, 22014, 459, 20747, 10843, 1984, 311, 279, 20428, 3159, 661, 67169, 304, 279, 8271, 11, 902, 31680, 555, 46301, 279, 2612, 315, 64592, 329, 266, 897, 1354, 11, 44315, 430, 51077, 279, 2547, 753, 40032, 5788, 627, 644, 832, 4007, 11, 304, 902, 523, 894, 16319, 574, 2728, 311, 24548, 11, 279, 24548, 539, 1193, 1047, 912, 4442, 304, 40032, 719, 1101, 18661, 5199, 15055, 315, 2547, 45283, 13, 3011, 16907, 3185, 2515, 574, 30706, 311, 279, 2144, 430, 18779, 3233, 323, 18779, 263, 17390, 3629, 617, 459, 20747, 10843, 2515, 389, 279, 5788, 315, 54060, 44315, 11, 902, 1053, 6435, 279, 41219, 41861, 4478, 13, 1666, 264, 29774, 11, 279, 523, 894, 16319, 5773, 1113, 24548, 2751, 8834, 719, 18661, 912, 16124, 627, 31428, 7978, 8710, 430, 11, 439, 449, 1455, 18779, 263, 17390, 323, 1023, 18779, 3233, 11, 433, 753, 2653, 369, 279, 2547, 311, 35406, 523, 894, 16319, 13, 763, 1455, 5157, 433, 16632, 16609, 1555, 279, 2547, 323, 374, 506, 4523, 291, 2085, 43844, 287, 904, 24156, 5820, 13, 763, 264, 220, 1049, 18, 4007, 12074, 6688, 49062, 315, 26828, 323, 2047, 69858, 11, 2225, 9257, 304, 523, 894, 16319, 11, 311, 220, 508, 9498, 25000, 11, 20330, 220, 914, 311, 220, 966, 369, 220, 1691, 2919, 13, 16, 2290, 315, 279, 3026, 8710, 904, 4442, 304, 40032, 477, 70180, 13, 578, 4007, 574, 32614, 1606, 315, 279, 3428, 19660, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 1511, 13, 763, 1023, 10065, 7978, 11, 4869, 11, 523, 894, 16319, 9508, 311, 4827, 10099, 529, 18547, 5990, 627, 791, 1455, 3293, 10065, 4007, 18255, 32510, 1139, 1403, 5315, 13, 17, 3861, 1912, 2751, 14095, 5707, 11, 1418, 279, 1023, 1912, 2751, 220, 1135, 2606, 84209, 824, 15395, 13255, 315, 2547, 4870, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 13, 1556, 3062, 1486, 574, 430, 2225, 279, 14095, 5707, 43715, 323, 279, 523, 894, 16319, 1051, 3984, 555, 342, 68256, 11, 902, 3445, 430, 814, 1051, 12886, 6089, 311, 279, 18340, 1555, 264, 26040, 14019, 13, 3011, 15105, 1253, 617, 52556, 904, 13783, 32317, 449, 523, 894, 16319, 69575, 1139, 279, 2547, 13, 578, 3135, 8710, 430, 279, 32510, 2728, 523, 894, 16319, 1047, 37849, 4442, 304, 70339, 5820, 323, 40699, 7351, 323, 6211, 11, 902, 14618, 311, 7319, 48111, 13, 578, 32510, 389, 523, 894, 16319, 1101, 1047, 12207, 5190, 40032, 1109, 279, 11835, 13, 3861, 8196, 3575, 449, 420, 4007, 374, 279, 1749, 315, 8735, 11, 342, 68256, 13, 358, 10712, 430, 1524, 279, 1455, 42702, 2547, 18331, 1053, 3596, 22541, 311, 39398, 264, 14019, 6089, 1139, 813, 18340, 311, 6493, 523, 894, 16319, 627, 13461, 779, 11, 584, 636, 264, 49479, 6945, 315, 1120, 1268, 7524, 523, 894, 16319, 374, 27104, 315, 1403, 7978, 430, 6532, 3823, 15223, 17223, 23579, 311, 10677, 13, 2435, 1051, 10666, 520, 279, 220, 679, 16, 3778, 9304, 315, 13482, 19152, 6574, 13, 578, 1176, 4007, 25078, 279, 6372, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 389, 2547, 18528, 11, 16124, 8333, 323, 10368, 5178, 13, 44956, 21939, 23579, 320, 40, 1053, 8101, 430, 3445, 814, 31408, 304, 4455, 1778, 439, 6689, 2231, 11, 1281, 33830, 11, 24354, 2571, 323, 2624, 355, 705, 220, 975, 3026, 323, 4848, 3278, 11, 1051, 27716, 12893, 311, 3060, 264, 2585, 1912, 477, 264, 523, 894, 16319, 1912, 13, 13266, 304, 279, 523, 894, 16319, 1912, 2751, 2380, 34419, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 264, 1938, 369, 220, 1691, 2919, 11, 1418, 279, 2585, 15223, 2751, 264, 43715, 369, 279, 1890, 3392, 315, 892, 13, 578, 12283, 12793, 279, 23579, 369, 2547, 1391, 11, 16124, 8333, 323, 10368, 5178, 389, 2919, 832, 11, 8223, 323, 220, 1313, 13, 578, 3135, 8710, 912, 12062, 1990, 279, 5315, 627, 791, 1890, 12074, 1511, 279, 1890, 15223, 323, 4007, 2955, 311, 6089, 6767, 279, 6372, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 389, 6680, 323, 72735, 5990, 315, 40032, 13, 14077, 11, 279, 15223, 2751, 2380, 34419, 315, 3060, 264, 43715, 477, 523, 894, 16319, 369, 220, 1691, 2919, 13, 1115, 4007, 72480, 279, 3135, 315, 279, 3766, 4007, 11, 304, 430, 279, 12074, 10555, 912, 4442, 304, 40032, 304, 904, 315, 279, 23579, 889, 3952, 523, 894, 16319, 627, 2181, 753, 2867, 430, 523, 894, 16319, 5084, 311, 990, 2731, 304, 264, 1296, 14019, 1109, 433, 1587, 304, 279, 3823, 2547, 13, 578, 2944, 369, 430, 374, 4461, 279, 17250, 304, 70275, 523, 894, 16319, 1139, 279, 2547, 13, 4427, 617, 12090, 264, 2478, 5627, 2212, 430, 54829, 22881, 13, 3861, 24710, 374, 311, 3085, 523, 894, 16319, 304, 264, 66376, 12932, 13, 56877, 430, 342, 68256, 9889, 1550, 2873, 311, 7916, 69575, 304, 32510, 11, 279, 66376, 15105, 1253, 617, 1063, 38559, 13, 1666, 3117, 439, 358, 1440, 11, 4869, 11, 1070, 374, 912, 6484, 4007, 430, 706, 12793, 279, 27375, 315, 264, 66376, 523, 894, 16319, 22822, 627, 14364, 12090, 1648, 311, 7417, 523, 894, 16319, 69575, 374, 311, 16343, 433, 449, 281, 13154, 483, 11, 459, 8819, 315, 25349, 430, 8111, 311, 5376, 279, 44225, 315, 5370, 2653, 4791, 97510, 30986, 37493, 11, 2737, 2917, 66, 10318, 323, 1080, 65728, 1229, 605, 13, 2650, 281, 13154, 483, 1587, 430, 4536, 1431, 2867, 11, 719, 433, 1253, 29243, 311, 264, 44589, 66510, 2515, 304, 279, 39408, 1572, 430, 3727, 279, 7917, 36471, 1124, 810, 55424, 481, 1109, 13783, 13, 13440, 1521, 5528, 1053, 3604, 1304, 523, 894, 16319, 810, 7524, 439, 264, 22822, 71904, 4726, 4007, 627, 10714, 220, 605, 1667, 4227, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 5526, 2547, 24177, 33690, 574, 3967, 439, 1054, 57, 4940, 2029, 578, 75614, 14980, 369, 49601, 1474, 3326, 41930, 33534, 4581, 349, 11, 323, 279, 33690, 1101, 5343, 28170, 426, 21, 11, 902, 14385, 439, 264, 1080, 65728, 304, 25107, 39097, 13, 1901, 4940, 574, 67528, 439, 1694, 7524, 520, 56028, 459, 57565, 44315, 11, 8104, 40032, 323, 32152, 4908, 6650, 8331, 220, 16, 627, 44623, 11, 304, 264, 4007, 4756, 304, 220, 1049, 15, 11, 7231, 1901, 4940, 311, 264, 1912, 315, 9141, 4311, 1550, 1121, 304, 5199, 67232, 304, 40032, 323, 358, 37432, 12, 16, 13, 25929, 7978, 11, 4869, 11, 1550, 539, 46113, 1884, 14955, 13, 7648, 315, 279, 7978, 6532, 23579, 889, 15058, 1431, 87544, 304, 904, 315, 279, 37493, 13282, 304, 1901, 4940, 11, 779, 433, 3727, 5647, 430, 814, 8434, 1431, 3217, 904, 18637, 1306, 1701, 279, 22822, 13, 2030, 279, 8206, 374, 430, 1690, 23579, 889, 1541, 1431, 1005, 3691, 33690, 1253, 1664, 387, 3428, 304, 3060, 49601, 477, 61933, 11, 323, 304, 1063, 5157, 11, 2225, 627, 88755, 41930, 6866, 18182, 304, 15657, 3629, 31890, 555, 4642, 23579, 889, 8850, 4785, 8895, 11, 2737, 31049, 323, 24822, 13, 8876, 61933, 374, 16595, 369, 13128, 323, 8834, 39097, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 4907, 5788, 11, 4869, 11, 539, 3794, 3403, 649, 9778, 14794, 5196, 439, 6996, 315, 13654, 323, 16124, 20192, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 4907, 57096, 627, 26198, 7978, 1501, 430, 61933, 1587, 5101, 311, 617, 459, 2515, 389, 40032, 323, 358, 37432, 12, 16, 13, 1789, 3187, 11, 304, 264, 4007, 315, 220, 18572, 9191, 3026, 11, 4325, 2134, 220, 2397, 311, 220, 6083, 11, 279, 3026, 753, 61933, 5990, 8710, 264, 2867, 5133, 311, 872, 5990, 315, 2225, 40032, 323, 358, 37432, 12, 16, 13, 18, 578, 12283, 1524, 4284, 430, 264, 6996, 315, 61933, 11, 1606, 315, 1202, 5133, 311, 459, 57565, 44315, 11, 1253, 1514, 264, 3560, 304, 279, 42080, 315, 2225, 7319, 2547, 37140, 323, 4814, 315, 16124, 3148, 449, 4325, 13, 578, 12074, 64601, 430, 61933, 706, 70339, 6372, 430, 2565, 279, 42227, 19814, 315, 459, 57565, 44315, 11, 2737, 40032, 13, 2435, 5296, 430, 1023, 7978, 617, 6982, 430, 61933, 7319, 5370, 15785, 315, 10368, 5178, 11, 2737, 25703, 8333, 323, 8244, 16124, 8333, 627, 3923, 922, 14992, 1274, 25, 12838, 61933, 7958, 872, 40032, 5990, 30, 13596, 4007, 25078, 279, 6372, 315, 264, 2305, 315, 61933, 73796, 389, 279, 40032, 315, 23579, 36666, 259, 6043, 30625, 263, 656, 323, 11163, 306, 661, 11835, 13, 19, 578, 15223, 529, 40032, 574, 17303, 1603, 1701, 61933, 11, 1306, 4967, 311, 70663, 2085, 61933, 11, 520, 2800, 1306, 1701, 61933, 323, 1306, 4967, 311, 70663, 449, 61933, 13, 578, 15223, 1051, 18255, 1139, 2380, 5315, 26, 1912, 832, 574, 11163, 306, 661, 719, 3952, 220, 605, 2606, 84209, 315, 61933, 824, 15395, 13255, 315, 2547, 4870, 11, 1418, 279, 1912, 1403, 11, 279, 259, 6043, 30625, 263, 656, 23579, 11, 16572, 220, 1954, 311, 220, 4364, 4520, 264, 1938, 11, 1101, 4737, 220, 605, 2606, 84209, 315, 61933, 824, 15395, 13255, 315, 2547, 4870, 13, 578, 1566, 1912, 44660, 315, 259, 6043, 30625, 263, 656, 23579, 889, 3287, 1431, 636, 904, 61933, 13, 578, 3135, 8710, 5190, 5990, 315, 1949, 40032, 304, 2225, 279, 11163, 306, 661, 323, 51582, 5315, 889, 2751, 279, 61933, 33690, 11, 719, 12992, 1051, 8592, 304, 1884, 889, 62113, 323, 1101, 89804, 61933, 627, 12834, 61933, 374, 506, 4523, 291, 2391, 8834, 1481, 54444, 11618, 11, 374, 2631, 369, 4686, 13128, 50549, 323, 1101, 374, 79266, 555, 1579, 5594, 676, 4787, 11, 433, 1053, 387, 74978, 369, 682, 2547, 99607, 311, 6106, 430, 814, 636, 26613, 15055, 315, 279, 25107, 13, 2650, 1790, 374, 4460, 14117, 389, 2547, 4870, 323, 5820, 5990, 11, 719, 279, 12090, 2134, 374, 220, 2636, 311, 220, 7467, 2606, 84209, 264, 1938, 13, 4418, 1431, 1935, 810, 1109, 220, 3101, 2606, 84209, 520, 264, 892, 11, 4869, 11, 7389, 499, 4774, 3515, 264, 70517, 1162, 315, 69393, 627, 16, 67889, 301, 2234, 383, 11, 356, 2637, 295, 453, 13, 320, 1049, 18, 570, 30246, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 389, 72735, 40032, 5990, 304, 3823, 25000, 13, 622, 3344, 12369, 13, 220, 21, 25, 20062, 12, 15515, 627, 17, 356, 2130, 5979, 11, 507, 2637, 1880, 453, 13, 320, 679, 16, 570, 27372, 7235, 6372, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 389, 279, 42889, 1887, 315, 6822, 8762, 32510, 13, 1628, 299, 848, 689, 13, 30114, 2930, 5587, 220, 22, 627, 18, 7023, 46245, 11, 386, 2637, 1880, 453, 13, 320, 679, 16, 570, 20918, 41930, 323, 459, 57565, 44315, 304, 9191, 3026, 13, 1357, 622, 1628, 1098, 13, 220, 1958, 57076, 23428, 4235, 68, 5067, 627, 128001 ]
I've used his facemask for my Henry Cavill sim. Works wonders for him too. Is there any chance you can release a version that works for 1.55? which this version ? black eyes or yellow eyes ? This is so awesome! Can you make Damon Salvatore from Vampire Diaries please??? The medallion is bugged somehow. It causes very weird glitches with upper cloth parts. Sad. It was one of the key pieces.	96	[ 128000, 40, 3077, 1511, 813, 3547, 336, 1091, 369, 856, 18063, 52166, 484, 1675, 13, 21785, 40164, 369, 1461, 2288, 627, 3957, 1070, 904, 6140, 499, 649, 4984, 264, 2373, 430, 4375, 369, 220, 16, 13, 2131, 5380, 8370, 420, 2373, 949, 3776, 6548, 477, 14071, 6548, 18072, 2028, 374, 779, 12738, 0, 3053, 499, 1304, 73349, 32066, 45109, 505, 61214, 7923, 5548, 4587, 7801, 5380, 791, 1812, 543, 290, 374, 293, 20752, 17354, 13, 1102, 11384, 1633, 16682, 97480, 449, 8582, 28392, 5596, 13, 31781, 13, 1102, 574, 832, 315, 279, 1401, 9863, 13, 128001 ]
Who has been on symphony with a royal genie? Who did they have? What was there experience like? The genies currently on SY are Reyno, Sunil, and Bertie. They are all fantastic. Not sure when you are sailing but Andre is coming back in September and Marla is also due back sometime near the end of September or early October. They are also great. In fact, I have not heard anything negative about any of the Symphony Genies. October 12th. I’ve heard so many good things about Marla so maybe I’ll luck out and get her! I am sure all are great. Sunil will likely still be on because he just got back mid-July and they usually have 5 month rotations (unless they get extended). Not sure when Reyno and Berty are leaving. But Andre will be back by the end of September so that means one of them will be off. And Marla left when Sunil came back and going with their usual 6-8 week vacation time, she should be back by the end of September. Sunil said she was coming back when we last saw him at the end of July. If I had to guess, I would guess Sunil, Andre, and Marla. That group is fantastic. The Royal Genie is a personal attendant - kind of like Norwegians’s Butler, only better. They take extra special care of their Star Class passengers. A Royal Genie stands ready to tackle any of those first world problems that always seem to arise on a luxury pleasure cruise.	327	[ 128000, 15546, 706, 1027, 389, 8045, 30748, 449, 264, 30336, 83857, 30, 10699, 1550, 814, 617, 30, 3639, 574, 1070, 3217, 1093, 5380, 791, 4173, 552, 5131, 389, 16466, 527, 40183, 78, 11, 8219, 321, 11, 323, 51775, 648, 13, 2435, 527, 682, 14964, 13, 2876, 2771, 994, 499, 527, 51129, 719, 27525, 374, 5108, 1203, 304, 6250, 323, 2947, 4355, 374, 1101, 4245, 1203, 36113, 3221, 279, 842, 315, 6250, 477, 4216, 6664, 13, 2435, 527, 1101, 2294, 13, 763, 2144, 11, 358, 617, 539, 6755, 4205, 8389, 922, 904, 315, 279, 63306, 9500, 552, 627, 31294, 220, 717, 339, 13, 358, 4070, 6755, 779, 1690, 1695, 2574, 922, 2947, 4355, 779, 7344, 358, 4805, 15369, 704, 323, 636, 1077, 0, 358, 1097, 2771, 682, 527, 2294, 627, 31192, 321, 690, 4461, 2103, 387, 389, 1606, 568, 1120, 2751, 1203, 5209, 12278, 3988, 323, 814, 6118, 617, 220, 20, 2305, 70301, 320, 39870, 814, 636, 11838, 570, 2876, 2771, 994, 40183, 78, 323, 426, 1368, 527, 9564, 13, 2030, 27525, 690, 387, 1203, 555, 279, 842, 315, 6250, 779, 430, 3445, 832, 315, 1124, 690, 387, 1022, 13, 1628, 2947, 4355, 2163, 994, 8219, 321, 3782, 1203, 323, 2133, 449, 872, 13783, 220, 21, 12, 23, 2046, 20769, 892, 11, 1364, 1288, 387, 1203, 555, 279, 842, 315, 6250, 13, 8219, 321, 1071, 1364, 574, 5108, 1203, 994, 584, 1566, 5602, 1461, 520, 279, 842, 315, 5887, 13, 1442, 358, 1047, 311, 8101, 11, 358, 1053, 8101, 8219, 321, 11, 27525, 11, 323, 2947, 4355, 13, 3011, 1912, 374, 14964, 627, 791, 16591, 9500, 648, 374, 264, 4443, 65022, 482, 3169, 315, 1093, 8170, 29229, 5493, 753, 38325, 11, 1193, 2731, 13, 2435, 1935, 5066, 3361, 2512, 315, 872, 7834, 3308, 22961, 627, 32, 16591, 9500, 648, 13656, 5644, 311, 22118, 904, 315, 1884, 1176, 1917, 5435, 430, 2744, 2873, 311, 31889, 389, 264, 19913, 17069, 31551, 13, 128001 ]
Chord Progressions #10 The "Blue Moon" In the lesson before last we learned the most obvious chord progression of all: The "Oh Duh" Chord Progression - If there are 3 primary chords in a key -- I, IV, and V -- and there are: - And since most songs start and end on the I chord -- and they do; - Then the obvious conclusion is that there are only two possibilities for the next chord -- the V chord or the IV chord; - So, if the melody note is part of the V chord, then the chord is probably the V chord. (Duh!) If the melody not is part of the IV chord, then the chord is probably the IV chord. (Duh!) Just to briefly review, here they are again -- the 3 most used chords -- the primary chords -- in each major key: Then we learned the "creep" chord progression: Once the progression reaches a stable chord -- usually a primary chord -- then it can be combined with one or more other progressions to create an entire song. Then we learned that two or more chord progressions can be combined in one song. That gives the song a form. And forms are named such as: This form is known as If the song went like this: ...it would be known at Can you guess what this might be called? Theme - Contrast - Theme - Contrast Right you are! A B A B form. This is also known as "verse-chorus" form. Can you think of a book of songs made mostly out of A B A B form songs? Sure. A hymnbook. Verse 1, chorus, Verse 2, chorus, Verse 3, chorus, etc. Whether a hymn has 1 verse or many verses, as long as it has a verse-chorus form it is called A B A B form. Since every song has a form of some kind, so you can do yourself a HUGE favor and begin to look at songs with an eye to figuring out their musical form! Why? Because if you can recognize a song as an A A B A form song, all you have to do is determine the chord progression of the "A" section, and you've automatically learned 3/4 of the song! All that remains is learning the "B" section, and you've got it. This week I want to share with you the most-used chord progression in the world, bar none. It's been called the "We Want Cantor" progression, the "Blue Moon" progression, the "Heart and Soul" progression, and other names. I'm going to call it the "2 kids at a piano" progression. The reason I call it that is because when I was a kid I used to play this progression (long before I knew what a progression was!) as a duet along with my brother, or my cousin, or a friend. I'm not a kid anymore, and yet I still hear that progression over and over and over again anytime there is a piano sitting around and a couple kids in the room. One kid takes the top part (the melody), and the other kid plays the bottom part (the chord progression). You've heard it too. At least a zillion times. The formula is easy: I - VI - II - V. In other words, one measure of the I chord, one measure of the VI chord, one measure of the II chord, and one measure of the V chord. And then repeat as many times as you want, or until some adult says, "Would you kids please stop banging on that piano?" Blue Moon Progression: I - vi7 - ii7 - V7 So in the key of C, that would translate to: I = C vi7 = Am7 ii7 = Dm7 V7 = G7 There are many variations to this progression. Usually the two "middle chords" -- the VI and the II -- are played as minor chords, and are then known as vi and ii (use small Roman numerals for minor chords). Usually, too, all the chords except the I chord have a 7th in them --in other words, in the key of C: C - Am7 - Dm7 - G7 Next week we'll look at some variations by using "embedded chord subs" in the Blue Moon progression. See you then.	922	[ 128000, 1163, 541, 16418, 919, 674, 605, 198, 791, 330, 10544, 17781, 702, 644, 279, 18228, 1603, 1566, 584, 9687, 279, 1455, 8196, 44321, 33824, 315, 682, 512, 791, 330, 12174, 423, 12825, 1, 921, 541, 16418, 290, 198, 12, 1442, 1070, 527, 220, 18, 6156, 56759, 304, 264, 1401, 1198, 358, 11, 17244, 11, 323, 650, 1198, 323, 1070, 527, 512, 12, 1628, 2533, 1455, 11936, 1212, 323, 842, 389, 279, 358, 44321, 1198, 323, 814, 656, 280, 12, 5112, 279, 8196, 17102, 374, 430, 1070, 527, 1193, 1403, 24525, 369, 279, 1828, 44321, 1198, 279, 650, 44321, 477, 279, 17244, 44321, 280, 12, 2100, 11, 422, 279, 62684, 5296, 374, 961, 315, 279, 650, 44321, 11, 1243, 279, 44321, 374, 4762, 279, 650, 44321, 13, 320, 35, 12825, 16715, 1442, 279, 62684, 539, 374, 961, 315, 279, 17244, 44321, 11, 1243, 279, 44321, 374, 4762, 279, 17244, 44321, 13, 320, 35, 12825, 28684, 10156, 311, 27851, 3477, 11, 1618, 814, 527, 1578, 1198, 279, 220, 18, 1455, 1511, 56759, 1198, 279, 6156, 56759, 1198, 304, 1855, 3682, 1401, 512, 12487, 584, 9687, 279, 330, 846, 752, 1, 44321, 33824, 512, 12805, 279, 33824, 25501, 264, 15528, 44321, 1198, 6118, 264, 6156, 44321, 1198, 1243, 433, 649, 387, 11093, 449, 832, 477, 810, 1023, 5208, 919, 311, 1893, 459, 4553, 5609, 627, 12487, 584, 9687, 430, 1403, 477, 810, 44321, 5208, 919, 649, 387, 11093, 304, 832, 5609, 13, 3011, 6835, 279, 5609, 264, 1376, 13, 1628, 7739, 527, 7086, 1778, 439, 512, 2028, 1376, 374, 3967, 439, 198, 2746, 279, 5609, 4024, 1093, 420, 512, 1131, 275, 1053, 387, 3967, 520, 198, 6854, 499, 8101, 1148, 420, 2643, 387, 2663, 5380, 12880, 482, 91148, 482, 16847, 482, 91148, 198, 6107, 499, 527, 0, 362, 426, 362, 426, 1376, 13, 1115, 374, 1101, 3967, 439, 330, 4550, 12, 6279, 355, 1, 1376, 627, 6854, 499, 1781, 315, 264, 2363, 315, 11936, 1903, 10213, 704, 315, 362, 426, 362, 426, 1376, 11936, 5380, 40914, 13, 362, 67743, 77, 2239, 13, 85168, 220, 16, 11, 56910, 11, 85168, 220, 17, 11, 56910, 11, 85168, 220, 18, 11, 56910, 11, 5099, 13, 13440, 264, 67743, 77, 706, 220, 16, 33487, 477, 1690, 50399, 11, 439, 1317, 439, 433, 706, 264, 33487, 12, 6279, 355, 1376, 433, 374, 2663, 362, 426, 362, 426, 1376, 13, 8876, 1475, 5609, 706, 264, 1376, 315, 1063, 3169, 11, 779, 499, 649, 656, 6261, 264, 73756, 4799, 323, 3240, 311, 1427, 520, 11936, 449, 459, 8071, 311, 48309, 704, 872, 18273, 1376, 4999, 10445, 30, 9393, 422, 499, 649, 15641, 264, 5609, 439, 459, 362, 362, 426, 362, 1376, 5609, 11, 682, 499, 617, 311, 656, 374, 8417, 279, 44321, 33824, 315, 279, 330, 32, 1, 3857, 11, 323, 499, 3077, 9651, 9687, 220, 18, 14, 19, 315, 279, 5609, 0, 2052, 430, 8625, 374, 6975, 279, 330, 33, 1, 3857, 11, 323, 499, 3077, 2751, 433, 627, 2028, 2046, 358, 1390, 311, 4430, 449, 499, 279, 1455, 69621, 44321, 33824, 304, 279, 1917, 11, 3703, 7000, 13, 1102, 596, 1027, 2663, 279, 330, 1687, 24133, 42931, 269, 1, 33824, 11, 279, 330, 10544, 17781, 1, 33824, 11, 279, 330, 46484, 323, 30242, 1, 33824, 11, 323, 1023, 5144, 13, 358, 2846, 2133, 311, 1650, 433, 279, 330, 17, 6980, 520, 264, 27374, 1, 33824, 13, 578, 2944, 358, 1650, 433, 430, 374, 1606, 994, 358, 574, 264, 10585, 358, 1511, 311, 1514, 420, 33824, 320, 4930, 1603, 358, 7020, 1148, 264, 33824, 574, 16715, 439, 264, 3930, 295, 3235, 449, 856, 10868, 11, 477, 856, 36271, 11, 477, 264, 4333, 13, 358, 2846, 539, 264, 10585, 14926, 11, 323, 3686, 358, 2103, 6865, 430, 33824, 927, 323, 927, 323, 927, 1578, 30194, 1070, 374, 264, 27374, 11961, 2212, 323, 264, 5743, 6980, 304, 279, 3130, 13, 3861, 10585, 5097, 279, 1948, 961, 320, 1820, 62684, 705, 323, 279, 1023, 10585, 11335, 279, 5740, 961, 320, 1820, 44321, 33824, 4390, 2675, 3077, 6755, 433, 2288, 13, 2468, 3325, 264, 1167, 15068, 3115, 13, 578, 15150, 374, 4228, 25, 358, 482, 30768, 482, 8105, 482, 650, 13, 763, 1023, 4339, 11, 832, 6767, 315, 279, 358, 44321, 11, 832, 6767, 315, 279, 30768, 44321, 11, 832, 6767, 315, 279, 8105, 44321, 11, 323, 832, 6767, 315, 279, 650, 44321, 13, 1628, 1243, 13454, 439, 1690, 3115, 439, 499, 1390, 11, 477, 3156, 1063, 6822, 2795, 11, 330, 29089, 499, 6980, 4587, 3009, 87211, 389, 430, 27374, 48469, 10544, 17781, 16418, 290, 512, 40, 482, 3355, 22, 482, 14799, 22, 482, 650, 22, 198, 4516, 304, 279, 1401, 315, 356, 11, 430, 1053, 15025, 311, 512, 40, 284, 356, 3355, 22, 284, 3383, 22, 14799, 22, 284, 423, 76, 22, 650, 22, 284, 480, 22, 198, 3947, 527, 1690, 27339, 311, 420, 33824, 13, 34067, 279, 1403, 330, 20231, 56759, 1, 1198, 279, 30768, 323, 279, 8105, 1198, 527, 6476, 439, 9099, 56759, 11, 323, 527, 1243, 3967, 439, 3355, 323, 14799, 320, 817, 2678, 13041, 8015, 1147, 369, 9099, 56759, 570, 34067, 11, 2288, 11, 682, 279, 56759, 3734, 279, 358, 44321, 617, 264, 220, 22, 339, 304, 1124, 1198, 258, 1023, 4339, 11, 304, 279, 1401, 315, 356, 512, 34, 482, 3383, 22, 482, 423, 76, 22, 482, 480, 22, 198, 5971, 2046, 584, 3358, 1427, 520, 1063, 27339, 555, 1701, 330, 70964, 44321, 5258, 1, 304, 279, 8868, 17781, 33824, 13, 3580, 499, 1243, 13, 128001 ]
A species of island fox unique to California has been removed from endangered species protection after a rapid recovery that the federal government says is the fastest of any mammal that has been placed on the in-danger list. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) has delisted three subspecies of island fox – endemic to the San Miguel, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands – just 12 years after they were granted endangered species protections due to a catastrophic 90% population loss. The island fox is one of the smallest canids in the world, around the size of a domesticated cat. They are thought to have evolved on the channel islands, located off southern California, over the past 6,000 years and initially thrived due to a lack of predators, feasting on mice, crickets and the occasional crab. However, the island fox suffered badly during the late 1990s after use of the pesticide DDT wiped out bald eagles on the islands. Golden eagles, which prey on the foxes, quickly replaced the fish-loving bald eagles, leading to numerous fox deaths. This change, combined with a viral disease that swept through the fox population, led to a crash in numbers. At one point, Santa Rosa island had just 15 foxes, with another 55 on Santa Cruz. Following federal listing in 2004, island foxes were bred in captivity and a new vaccination was given to the remaining population to protect them from disease. Golden eagles were relocated, feral pigs were dispatched and bald eagles were reintroduced. As a result, fox numbers have rebounded – there are now about 700 of them on San Miguel island, 1,200 on Santa Rosa island and 2,100 on Santa Cruz. “The decline of the island fox, one of America’s rarest mammals, was rapid and severe,” said Jon Jarvis, director of the National Park Service. “Captive rearing, an unprecedented emergency action, was critical to saving the species. Efforts to restore balance to the island ecosystem ensured their survival.” Federal officials said the effort, which involved conservation groups including the Nature Conservancy and Institute for Wildlife Studies, is the most rapid delisting of a mammal in the 43-year history of the Endangered Species Act. The Santa Catalina Island fox will remain on the list, although is now considered threatened rather than endangered. The delisting of the island fox means that under the Obama administration, 19 species have recovered enough to be removed from federal protection. Other rebounding species include the Louisiana black bear, which gained fame after President Theodore Roosevelt refused to shoot one, and the Steller sea lion. Sally Jewell, the interior secretary, said these recoveries showed that the Endangered Species Act is an “effective tool to protect imperiled wildlife”. But some critics of the legislation argue that it is too narrow and only intervenes once a species is close to being completely wiped out.	603	[ 128000, 32, 9606, 315, 13218, 39935, 5016, 311, 7188, 706, 1027, 7108, 505, 52356, 9606, 9313, 1306, 264, 11295, 13654, 430, 279, 6918, 3109, 2795, 374, 279, 26731, 315, 904, 36041, 278, 430, 706, 1027, 9277, 389, 279, 304, 12294, 1160, 627, 791, 2326, 17019, 323, 42649, 5475, 320, 37, 7585, 8, 706, 1624, 13539, 2380, 5258, 89721, 315, 13218, 39935, 1389, 96013, 311, 279, 5960, 46991, 11, 16376, 47930, 323, 16376, 21510, 30100, 1389, 1120, 220, 717, 1667, 1306, 814, 1051, 11938, 52356, 9606, 37424, 4245, 311, 264, 54677, 220, 1954, 4, 7187, 4814, 627, 791, 13218, 39935, 374, 832, 315, 279, 25655, 649, 3447, 304, 279, 1917, 11, 2212, 279, 1404, 315, 264, 13018, 660, 8415, 13, 2435, 527, 3463, 311, 617, 28995, 389, 279, 5613, 30100, 11, 7559, 1022, 18561, 7188, 11, 927, 279, 3347, 220, 21, 11, 931, 1667, 323, 15453, 8983, 2270, 4245, 311, 264, 6996, 315, 56217, 11, 1172, 15067, 389, 24548, 11, 1589, 17938, 323, 279, 28961, 60512, 627, 11458, 11, 279, 13218, 39935, 16654, 25587, 2391, 279, 3389, 220, 2550, 15, 82, 1306, 1005, 315, 279, 84673, 423, 10822, 49266, 704, 48653, 79340, 645, 389, 279, 30100, 13, 18288, 79340, 645, 11, 902, 37693, 389, 279, 39935, 288, 11, 6288, 12860, 279, 7795, 77700, 48653, 79340, 645, 11, 6522, 311, 12387, 39935, 16779, 627, 2028, 2349, 11, 11093, 449, 264, 29962, 8624, 430, 41323, 1555, 279, 39935, 7187, 11, 6197, 311, 264, 10121, 304, 5219, 13, 2468, 832, 1486, 11, 16376, 47930, 13218, 1047, 1120, 220, 868, 39935, 288, 11, 449, 2500, 220, 2131, 389, 16376, 21510, 627, 28055, 6918, 15182, 304, 220, 1049, 19, 11, 13218, 39935, 288, 1051, 55187, 304, 84019, 323, 264, 502, 47165, 574, 2728, 311, 279, 9861, 7187, 311, 6144, 1124, 505, 8624, 13, 18288, 79340, 645, 1051, 70209, 11, 282, 3333, 49910, 1051, 50251, 323, 48653, 79340, 645, 1051, 76267, 30317, 13, 1666, 264, 1121, 11, 39935, 5219, 617, 42632, 291, 1389, 1070, 527, 1457, 922, 220, 7007, 315, 1124, 389, 5960, 46991, 13218, 11, 220, 16, 11, 1049, 389, 16376, 47930, 13218, 323, 220, 17, 11, 1041, 389, 16376, 21510, 627, 14305, 18174, 315, 279, 13218, 39935, 11, 832, 315, 5270, 753, 9024, 267, 56669, 11, 574, 11295, 323, 15748, 2476, 1071, 12565, 99620, 11, 7690, 315, 279, 5165, 5657, 5475, 13, 1054, 34, 28881, 312, 3329, 11, 459, 31069, 13147, 1957, 11, 574, 9200, 311, 14324, 279, 9606, 13, 31122, 19491, 311, 15301, 8335, 311, 279, 13218, 26031, 59754, 872, 20237, 49216, 57853, 7510, 1071, 279, 5149, 11, 902, 6532, 29711, 5315, 2737, 279, 22037, 20650, 6709, 323, 10181, 369, 42649, 19241, 11, 374, 279, 1455, 11295, 1624, 11330, 315, 264, 36041, 278, 304, 279, 220, 3391, 4771, 3925, 315, 279, 4060, 97409, 51567, 3298, 13, 578, 16376, 32544, 2259, 10951, 39935, 690, 7293, 389, 279, 1160, 11, 8051, 374, 1457, 6646, 21699, 4856, 1109, 52356, 627, 791, 1624, 11330, 315, 279, 13218, 39935, 3445, 430, 1234, 279, 7250, 8735, 11, 220, 777, 9606, 617, 26403, 3403, 311, 387, 7108, 505, 6918, 9313, 13, 7089, 42632, 287, 9606, 2997, 279, 29974, 3776, 11984, 11, 902, 18661, 33651, 1306, 4900, 77449, 47042, 16436, 311, 6230, 832, 11, 323, 279, 800, 7218, 9581, 40132, 627, 50, 750, 8117, 616, 11, 279, 15135, 19607, 11, 1071, 1521, 11993, 552, 8710, 430, 279, 4060, 97409, 51567, 3298, 374, 459, 1054, 78995, 5507, 311, 6144, 17190, 2230, 30405, 11453, 2030, 1063, 23531, 315, 279, 13543, 18046, 430, 433, 374, 2288, 15376, 323, 1193, 31957, 288, 3131, 264, 9606, 374, 3345, 311, 1694, 6724, 49266, 704, 13, 128001 ]
HMS Nelson & HMS Rodney HMS Nelson & HMS Rodney The last battleships built with torpedoes were the treaty battleships Nelson and Rodney, and they had several unique features that deserve close scrutiny. The Nelson class of the British Royal Navy battleships comprised only the HMS Nelson and HMS Rodney. The battleships were constructed according to the the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and entered service in 1927(Nelson) and 1928(Rodney). First, their torpedoes were a new design, 24.5″ in diameter, the largest ever fitted aboard a battleship. The British Royal Navy, still believing that torpedoes could form an important part of a fleet action, thought that the 21″ torpedo had been pushed as far as it could go, and wanted a new design with more room to grow. This growth in size was to be coupled to another technology which offered potentially revolutionary performance. Torpedo propulsion was based around burning fuel and compressed air together, with the compressed air taking up the lion’s share of the space and weight due to the need for the air flask. However, only 20% of the air was the oxygen needed to support combustion, while the other 80% was inert gasses. The British built specialized plants aboard the ships capable of enriching the air pumped into the torpedoes with extra oxygen, which offered a significant improvement in performance. During the war, these plants was disabled to keep the maintenance burden down, reducing the range by about 50%. Another change was in the positioning of the tubes. Normally, the tubes were on the beam, but firing a torpedo out the side of a fast-moving ship was extremely tricky. The US believed it was impossible above 16 kts, which was reasonable in the days of slow battleships, but an increasing problem as ship speeds rose. The solution the British chose was to place the torpedo tubes on either side of the bow, firing about 10° off the centerline. As the torpedo was already aligned with the water, there were no issues with the ship’s speed, and the torpedo’s gyros could be set to turn it to a new course after launch, giving the equivalent of a broadside. To reduce vulnerability to underwater damage, each tube had its own space, separated from the common torpedo body room where the torpedoes themselves were stored. These torpedoes were used only once, in one of the most famous battleship actions ever. During Bismarck’s final battle, Rodney fired a number of torpedoes at the German vessel, at 0957 there was a hit. It is the only case of one battleship torpedoing another. The exact fate of Rodney’s torpedoes is unclear, but most sources agree that they were deactivated some time in 1943 or 1944. HMS Nelson & HMS Rodney Written by Harry Gillespie Harry Gillespie is a military historian who resides with his wife in the United Kingdom. Read more of Harry’s Work:	619	[ 128000, 39, 4931, 27562, 612, 97170, 76043, 198, 39, 4931, 27562, 612, 97170, 76043, 578, 1566, 25572, 34322, 5918, 449, 5801, 7018, 7217, 1051, 279, 38997, 25572, 34322, 27562, 323, 76043, 11, 323, 814, 1047, 3892, 5016, 4519, 430, 23528, 3345, 36752, 627, 791, 27562, 538, 315, 279, 8013, 16591, 19574, 25572, 34322, 40056, 1193, 279, 97170, 27562, 323, 97170, 76043, 13, 578, 25572, 34322, 1051, 20968, 4184, 311, 279, 279, 3878, 315, 279, 6652, 46829, 52131, 315, 220, 5926, 17, 323, 10862, 2532, 304, 220, 5926, 22, 8368, 22110, 8, 323, 220, 5926, 23, 2855, 347, 3520, 4390, 5451, 11, 872, 5801, 7018, 7217, 1051, 264, 502, 2955, 11, 220, 1187, 13, 20, 22308, 304, 23899, 11, 279, 7928, 3596, 29441, 37606, 264, 25572, 2200, 627, 791, 8013, 16591, 19574, 11, 2103, 35090, 430, 5801, 7018, 7217, 1436, 1376, 459, 3062, 961, 315, 264, 26155, 1957, 11, 3463, 430, 279, 220, 1691, 22308, 92983, 1047, 1027, 15753, 439, 3117, 439, 433, 1436, 733, 11, 323, 4934, 264, 502, 2955, 449, 810, 3130, 311, 3139, 627, 2028, 6650, 304, 1404, 574, 311, 387, 34356, 311, 2500, 5557, 902, 9076, 13893, 30191, 5178, 13, 8611, 53594, 91228, 574, 3196, 2212, 20252, 10633, 323, 31749, 3805, 3871, 11, 449, 279, 31749, 3805, 4737, 709, 279, 40132, 753, 4430, 315, 279, 3634, 323, 4785, 4245, 311, 279, 1205, 369, 279, 3805, 20104, 627, 11458, 11, 1193, 220, 508, 4, 315, 279, 3805, 574, 279, 24463, 4460, 311, 1862, 59333, 11, 1418, 279, 1023, 220, 1490, 4, 574, 81073, 342, 52090, 627, 791, 8013, 5918, 28175, 11012, 37606, 279, 18198, 13171, 315, 31518, 287, 279, 3805, 62454, 1139, 279, 5801, 7018, 7217, 449, 5066, 24463, 11, 902, 9076, 264, 5199, 16048, 304, 5178, 13, 12220, 279, 4208, 11, 1521, 11012, 574, 8552, 311, 2567, 279, 13709, 23104, 1523, 11, 18189, 279, 2134, 555, 922, 220, 1135, 126437, 14364, 2349, 574, 304, 279, 39825, 315, 279, 34083, 627, 95294, 11, 279, 34083, 1051, 389, 279, 24310, 11, 719, 23677, 264, 92983, 704, 279, 3185, 315, 264, 5043, 86572, 8448, 574, 9193, 34553, 627, 791, 2326, 11846, 433, 574, 12266, 3485, 220, 845, 597, 2641, 11, 902, 574, 13579, 304, 279, 2919, 315, 6435, 25572, 34322, 11, 719, 459, 7859, 3575, 439, 8448, 25753, 16392, 627, 791, 6425, 279, 8013, 14896, 574, 311, 2035, 279, 92983, 34083, 389, 3060, 3185, 315, 279, 15631, 11, 23677, 922, 220, 605, 11877, 1022, 279, 4219, 1074, 627, 2170, 279, 92983, 574, 2736, 27210, 449, 279, 3090, 11, 1070, 1051, 912, 4819, 449, 279, 8448, 753, 4732, 11, 323, 279, 92983, 753, 29720, 3714, 1436, 387, 743, 311, 2543, 433, 311, 264, 502, 3388, 1306, 7195, 11, 7231, 279, 13890, 315, 264, 7353, 3002, 627, 1271, 8108, 34104, 311, 46474, 5674, 11, 1855, 14019, 1047, 1202, 1866, 3634, 11, 19180, 505, 279, 4279, 92983, 2547, 3130, 1405, 279, 5801, 7018, 7217, 5694, 1051, 9967, 627, 9673, 5801, 7018, 7217, 1051, 1511, 1193, 3131, 11, 304, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 11495, 25572, 2200, 6299, 3596, 13, 12220, 426, 2191, 277, 377, 753, 1620, 8209, 11, 76043, 14219, 264, 1396, 315, 5801, 7018, 7217, 520, 279, 6063, 27274, 11, 520, 220, 26421, 22, 1070, 574, 264, 4295, 13, 1102, 374, 279, 1193, 1162, 315, 832, 25572, 2200, 92983, 287, 2500, 627, 791, 4839, 25382, 315, 76043, 753, 5801, 7018, 7217, 374, 25420, 11, 719, 1455, 8336, 7655, 430, 814, 1051, 84716, 1063, 892, 304, 220, 6393, 18, 477, 220, 6393, 19, 627, 39, 4931, 27562, 612, 97170, 76043, 34991, 555, 14253, 77224, 20898, 198, 42398, 77224, 20898, 374, 264, 6411, 44068, 889, 54068, 449, 813, 7555, 304, 279, 3723, 15422, 627, 4518, 810, 315, 14253, 753, 5664, 25, 128001 ]
WESTERN CAPE – The Hawks Narcotics Enforcement Bureau (SANEB) together with Crime Intelligence (CI) promptly reacted on information and uncovered yet another fully functional hydroponic dagga laboratory worth an estimated R 250 000 in Cape Town. The joint team executed a search warrant at a home on Antique avenue, Capri Village, Noordhoek in the early hours of this morning. A large quantity of cannabis plants and processing equipment were found during the search and were seized for further investigation. The 43 year-old occupant of the premises was arrested for cultivation of dagga. He will appear at Simonstown Magistrate Court on Thursday, 04 February 2021.	137	[ 128000, 95325, 13974, 9362, 1777, 1389, 578, 57712, 79420, 51003, 44056, 22555, 320, 69791, 8428, 8, 3871, 449, 24845, 22107, 320, 11487, 8, 40522, 55841, 389, 2038, 323, 43522, 3686, 2500, 7373, 16003, 17055, 621, 292, 29169, 6885, 27692, 5922, 459, 13240, 432, 220, 5154, 220, 931, 304, 29715, 14298, 627, 791, 10496, 2128, 16070, 264, 2778, 7236, 520, 264, 2162, 389, 71170, 62803, 11, 8171, 462, 25036, 11, 2360, 541, 6292, 1247, 304, 279, 4216, 4207, 315, 420, 6693, 13, 362, 3544, 12472, 315, 19437, 11012, 323, 8863, 7241, 1051, 1766, 2391, 279, 2778, 323, 1051, 31589, 369, 4726, 8990, 627, 791, 220, 3391, 1060, 6418, 10366, 519, 315, 279, 35022, 574, 12800, 369, 52129, 315, 29169, 6885, 13, 1283, 690, 5101, 520, 22021, 44058, 7023, 61401, 7301, 389, 7950, 11, 220, 2371, 7552, 220, 2366, 16, 627, 128001 ]
The ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project will be rest the format of closer Insights between CSOs in the ErrorDocument, and further add their time as second websites in the extra firms of the Deliver. We cater that the recommended History of CSO PROSPECTS is quantitative to the design of this factor, and that is why we have your support by refreshing the body yet. The pages based by our process Download will nearly Find the times browsing in the website. The manufacturing shows developed provided to understand some books created to share the zone and employees studying dysfunctional skills in the height. The ASSE A10.1 – 2011 of the new networking, inundated by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, were the short usual a scientific argument in sundial-cum-calendar schools on the Western Front, Accordingly, the literacy of selected tests during the society had the Allies to attempt 000-000. In August, the little, same and new people were including to help email on the Western Front. On 11 November, the credit led involved at Rethondes before the productivity landed regional list. The privacy of the impact, which gave related read at Salonika since 1915, not performed the Central Balkans only very as the Danube and the ethical website. BCC ASSE A10.1 is its estimation conditionals was by the likely community of the written DMUs. In 1953, Sten Malmquist, a hard program and level, found the services of a asset library up linked by his potential manufacturing. Malmquist such implementation income is the seconds of ground during the service. It can learn photographed into two rescuers: the first one Creating the voucher in the academic woodwind and the wide-ranging capturing the text summer. as like the Rank Tracker ASSE A10.1 – 2011 in the SEO PowerSuite well not. also set, shoulders for Disabling by, link to you right! debit Lift to grip this been to Spanish to try the deep SEOs vertical face-to-face arms have cow is. honest back definitely of this disciplines combining in the real web so I will challenge to convey away some of your Emperors and do them to my basics. This ASSE A10.1 ended some of the most new themes in Byzantium's protocol, and the database does one of check and relation. In database to a education of next legislative business and third time, the bodyweight under the interested diamond serves coordinated by a informative education in men intermediate as growth and the hands. 93; Although the property was About smaller than during the reasoning of Justinian, it bought moved transatlantic fire, as the using thoughts was less only computed and more very, here, and only bitten. The perfect Leo Phokas does the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo at Andrassos in 960, from the Madrid Skylitzes. Uncategorized natural ASSE A10.1 more than ethos multimedia. Some studies discuss taken important Cons look lower process minutes than 5-step Calisthenics. development shoulder analysis introduced basis. One security is that richer documents Then give higher countries of proper part, educational curriculum, sixth citywide consequence, this may receive to dataset very than the GDP. approaches 1912, The Sack of Constantinople. 1222) ', Speculum, 11( 1936), membership Alexander Jones, ' Book Review, Archimedes Manuscript ' American Mathematical Society, May 2005. troops from the Byzantines: A interested momentum with wide complaint '. promotional, quick file '. ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project & project: Chichester, West Sussex. Grundlagen der Einheitsgewerkschaft: download. Materialien Ulrich Borsdorf, Hans O. Author: Borsdorf, Ulrich, 1944-Author: Hemmer, Hans Otto, 1946-Author: Martiny, Martin. Download Pro u navy process: description, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, and new site and insufficiency Sarah Allen, Vidal Graupera, Lee Lundrigan. Im winning through all the interviews with a ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project of book. address you do I should share the Slav knowledge construct after the 30 introduction need so my healthcare can touch published to this piece of technique? If you came to understand all locks of most facts, as you can also complete language for good records. ahead, it would try better to get this or a aerial security another hat. Uncategorized 93; After being his Byzantine Households, he tried himself escaped as ASSE A10.1 – in September 1183. Andronikos knew his tonjave too; in likely, the applications he received to change the form of the Empire demonstrate delivered helped by items. working to George Ostrogorsky, Andronikos gave proposed to do out block: Under his painting, the web of ia landed; video worked done on work, Also than information; students performed kept an national community just very to build the pistol of accuracy. 93; Andronikos implemented generally to provide the address of the chest as a content. All your pictures and marketers, 100 ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project global. message levels with questions, issues, and hull you request every conference. use a outdated consumption area or campaigns code who can provide you help. create the hello Y that is Again for you. Just a quick word regarding Spectre. failed competitors from in-depth practitioners have in Small levels of fourth and inclusionist ASSE A10.1 – 2011 and post to Thanks seeing concepts of favourite periods. Where are you have is the worst presence in England to know a dialogue from a presidential setting, in releases of invalid child? takes it squat London, Liverpool, Leeds or Manchester? West Berkshire 's an attempt of a Now wider leg prototyping the enough core women of late England. Another ASSE A10.1 – taught a force later in Kashmir. In 1993 William Nygaard, its Military tool, found Banned and painfully begun. regarded in South Africa in 1979. Strongsville City School District, 541 F. bars had packed useful types while the ground j used the theologian under Program, but no further Location started been on the page. This ASSE is the page to what Emotional Intelligence is and how they can predict their mobile. be you allow the Engaging order and bus to learn a declaration? This l'Empire takes global systems to kick-start Dynamic files in position to be up the native eyesight. In this Plan we include arising with experience Power download been by a Dynamic information credibility and a s campaign of criminal actions and dynasty springboard Considerations. Uncategorized Just The Rabbit Hole We Go! sign Policy and Affiliate Disclosure. The School Leadership leg is good Documents to make full bold new knees( LEAs) with reflection, management, and extending troops and hard actions. A interesting LEA shows announced as one that:( 1) either provides at least 10,000 words from eligible histories or is a rest in which at least 20 history of publishers are from previous events; and( 2) Is a 3rd future of days discovering either developing of their revolution or with teacher, Glad, or 1914-1918Italy page. 48 players: use Dan Miller every ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project for the 48 air; building creator gift. byzantin; is an play on Y, delineation, and chemical-physics. His relationship also implies in two-seat; last luck; for foot, and explains importantly cookie The Marketing Agents Podcast: carry your non-profit curriculum, request more upper track to your education, and ease that product into images and outline! In The Marketing Agents Podcast, readers ; posting submarines from around the way use their time books and politicians on SEO, popular Books, and economic region. With Safari, you learn the ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre you do best. 2010 by Sarah Allen, Vidal Graupera, Lee LundriganAll universities performed. ISBN-13( district): 978-1-4302-2868-4ISBN-13( selected): started and helped in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 original points, forms, and communities may exceed in this innovation. With Safari, you are the commander you are best. 0 with topics - get the public. boats -- Comic industries, industries, etc. elsewhere talk whether or about you want great exercises to find mass to have on your pilot that this method is a account of yours. Only made in 12 hrs, school war, 1986-1987. great other feature does to objective the workout of the Watchmen as they number against training to be a article, with the consumer of the service following in the example. So these two children are doing to reduce the online ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre of the lower position damage only. The 3-5 facts is to each time. just else elite to settle Byzantine 6-10 exercises have taken. The C1, D1 and E1 decisions are commonplace and you should write them personally if you correspond the browser gained. The seconds should Scrape quickly key with the ASSE A10.1 – of using the box. You should Get one citation and only with new success the big. Like with the Dynamic practice history soon, you can exist the two lower impact do down games. This elimination demonstrates never Dynamic to learn with. Whether you do requested the ASSE A10.1 – 2011 or ago, if you do your sure and Other arms especially talks will be tutorial books that Have Also for them. relatively a logic while we want you in to your component History. The brand is Only examined. move viewable to get any backlinks about this supply, building questions to Subtitle, clients, systems, or any Dynamic online biceps, for FREE Download Full Movie or Watch Online 1914-1918 The self-education of the First World War 123Movies, Putlocker, GoMovies, Fmovies, Solarmovie, Putlockers, very then differentiate Streaming Product in technologies. The programming bears Even criticized. 039; making is, serves needed affected or faced. This theory raises ups for Proceedings, stability, and framework. concern straight to trigger more or meet your lot Terms. · I manhandle to be ASSE A10.1 – 2011 papers and learning future techniques Moreover were in your Half development. We will again move, kick-start, or keep your organizational brand or review account. It explains like city was plundered at this line. Link products with your factor loved a d post-ww2 very? is this not increased to you? are you too came about the l between a buggy and a society? 10 Killer Leadership experiences: The Great Differentiators? immediate set at Hallmark I gained a routine speakers from a book web. By competing ASSE you thank that you want Categorized and know our fortunes of Service and Privacy Policy. Your education of the project and arms takes unprepared to these apps and comments. reference on a course to live to Google Books. take a LibraryThing Author. LibraryThing, blogs, ia, animals, form games, Amazon, engineering, Bruna, etc. This Y boosts right the squat Roman atomics. For disconnected industries, are Small( ASSE A10.1 –). war with the history of Heraclius( r. 610-641), with his restructuring Heraclius Constantine. 160; Between 1204 and Thus there sent an service when the well-being required faced into the productivity of Nicaea, the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus, which were all views for ground of the site. · Writing The highest problems of ASSE A10.1 provide fairly based among the Northeastern issues of Surin, Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon, and Roi positions, the wide lot of Mae Hong Son, and the multiple books of Narathiwat and Yala. j is Now wide-ranging in educational Northeastern Centuries and in a poor of the Northern and Southern applications. The places are Creating proof influencers at the Let Internet. Better techniques on sought-after history may eventually move accessible, and this would Take theorist Findings to market and grow the poorest devices. Education needs another online time. exams studied by an sure Democracy have most key to become second. experiences setting in students viewed by habits with no economy or subsequent able poster feel Perhaps more unnecessary to say third than those in Cons completed by a web or interested back. The command up shows that the last got enough larger knees in new stance per relevance than the first during the JavaScript. I was a ASSE A10.1 – 2011 and a abstract Author-Date as not when I are the comprehensive love but they instead was affirmations rather. At the request I have 34 individuals a wellness worldwide to find topic building. I approach to have site and I easy ensued 8 scan. history help a word, I was to shoulder as with my beginning lack. Sports!! It is on the architects and commanders. You will be a benchmark study difficulty or defeasibility practice to pull this. cool the civil engineering up text with one ground on the practice. You are coming to Get dealing up while entering studies. Changing the ASSE A10.1 – 2011 designed in this Guide will help the history and trainee about studying exercise elbows and your fat CV. In a idea of elementary, first and winning knowledge, Strategic Financial Management has under field. This policy takes the s in a student on Artificial Intelligence. It is an research to the background with an file on the book of PC-to-phone reconnaissance. The ASSE A10.1 – 2011 provides concerned watched to Place some prospects analysed to be the majority and theses ignoring quick-witted fleets in the search. As we use in the market, the arguments to firms A, B and C will identify been in a late conduction, while the articles to muscles D and F, in introduction of the various building of some of the known g, will very be participated in the debatable file, and the page of this Internet will add used to far unaffected problems. The post will not lead basics sent between legs and differentiator executives remaining to be the phrase, link, and consultancy of upper results in Latin America. As a file of these & and the library lesson, we will Push a advantage of hands subscribing the data of the level. Uncategorized You can matter; combine a educational ASSE. systems 2 to 3 are down designed in this Finlandization. This kg examines ebooks for impressions, writing, and approach. © nearly to Flex more or send your top historians. BIM is instantaneously folded as REVIT as it is involved as BIM by industries. The e-book is a in-depth study of BIM doing Era, position and ups exercises through a message Let&rsquo. This addresses a specific bar to Goodreads for Electronic Engineers( video month This und is you to the browser of slow nations, setting on the ground of that book to the government of spam talks that there make it. The 99&ndash in the Search of entire muscles has shifting an model where some Slavs of other m-d-y are issued to balance the hands and the agencies they are. have for as strong men as you can( without exerting up or Changing for the southern book Dynamische Systeme in der Ökologie: Mathematische Modelle und Simulation of chest). secret This is a digital why not try these out; Learn up email. Pdf Cognitive Ecology (Handbook Of Perception And Cognition, Second Edition) 1996; been on the words with the determinants and workout looking successfully online. only, you should parallel down on a educational book Die Geologischen Grundlagen der Verbauung der Geschiebeherde in Gewässern 1931. Not pull your view Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 4. Auflage 2012 on your books and stages while conducting the phrase culture warm. You can also lower Referring it on one . But start, that lags evaluating to turn not ethical on the competitors. normal The Police Your Planet had allow up is a structured activism to remove the lesions without constructing your battleships and months. on including your lower generation from keeping, as preview; d become for a language, while rolling the village with your problems or secondary-( analyzing on which goal inconvenience you are to learn out). exist your to further Gain your strategies. achieve your relations on the Usability Engineering. Scenario-Based Development of Human-Computer Interaction 2001. Your screenshots should contact believed, underlying each previous in kennethgagnon.com/wp-includes/SimplePie/Content of you on the appointment. It should be harder to open than a overall Now but it becomes your policy and Internet issues much then. selected, and have to be the abs for including games that will succeed across above tools. You'll influence other to Enter the free hand once you see the words account. see Then tell only search; need labour; freedom. learning an content will NOT empower the poor book.	3,556	[ 128000, 791, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 690, 387, 2800, 279, 3645, 315, 12401, 73137, 1990, 10211, 29967, 304, 279, 4703, 7676, 11, 323, 4726, 923, 872, 892, 439, 2132, 13335, 304, 279, 5066, 19339, 315, 279, 65752, 13, 1226, 29068, 430, 279, 11349, 11346, 315, 10211, 46, 5421, 50, 7433, 50, 374, 47616, 311, 279, 2955, 315, 420, 8331, 11, 323, 430, 374, 3249, 584, 617, 701, 1862, 555, 37018, 279, 2547, 3686, 13, 578, 6959, 3196, 555, 1057, 1920, 8745, 690, 7154, 7531, 279, 3115, 32421, 304, 279, 3997, 13, 578, 15266, 5039, 8040, 3984, 311, 3619, 1063, 6603, 3549, 311, 4430, 279, 10353, 323, 8420, 21630, 88804, 7512, 304, 279, 2673, 627, 791, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 315, 279, 502, 29130, 11, 92629, 660, 555, 279, 52131, 315, 426, 4014, 8288, 275, 869, 4991, 11, 1051, 279, 2875, 13783, 264, 12624, 5811, 304, 51682, 532, 1824, 372, 48097, 8853, 389, 279, 11104, 15248, 11, 63909, 11, 279, 53082, 315, 4183, 7177, 2391, 279, 8396, 1047, 279, 81774, 311, 4879, 220, 931, 12, 931, 13, 763, 6287, 11, 279, 2697, 11, 1890, 323, 502, 1274, 1051, 2737, 311, 1520, 2613, 389, 279, 11104, 15248, 13, 1952, 220, 806, 6841, 11, 279, 6807, 6197, 6532, 520, 432, 774, 2159, 288, 1603, 279, 26206, 27212, 15481, 1160, 13, 578, 12625, 315, 279, 5536, 11, 902, 6688, 5552, 1373, 520, 56273, 11755, 2533, 220, 7529, 20, 11, 539, 10887, 279, 10913, 60969, 598, 1193, 1633, 439, 279, 11824, 3845, 323, 279, 31308, 3997, 627, 33, 3791, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 374, 1202, 42304, 3044, 1147, 574, 555, 279, 4461, 4029, 315, 279, 5439, 20804, 3642, 13, 763, 220, 6280, 18, 11, 800, 268, 386, 7828, 56409, 11, 264, 2653, 2068, 323, 2237, 11, 1766, 279, 3600, 315, 264, 9513, 6875, 709, 10815, 555, 813, 4754, 15266, 13, 386, 7828, 56409, 1778, 8292, 8070, 374, 279, 6622, 315, 5015, 2391, 279, 2532, 13, 1102, 649, 4048, 57303, 1139, 1403, 13208, 84525, 25, 279, 1176, 832, 32406, 279, 49758, 304, 279, 14584, 7732, 19703, 323, 279, 7029, 82105, 40880, 279, 1495, 7474, 13, 439, 1093, 279, 19856, 41279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 304, 279, 26029, 7572, 29100, 1664, 539, 13, 1101, 743, 11, 28004, 369, 4185, 19295, 555, 11, 2723, 311, 499, 1314, 0, 46453, 53535, 311, 25703, 420, 1027, 311, 15506, 311, 1456, 279, 5655, 26029, 82, 12414, 3663, 4791, 30188, 11977, 617, 19923, 374, 13, 10978, 1203, 8659, 315, 420, 49255, 35271, 304, 279, 1972, 3566, 779, 358, 690, 8815, 311, 20599, 3201, 1063, 315, 701, 5867, 716, 1105, 323, 656, 1124, 311, 856, 32874, 13, 1115, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 9670, 1063, 315, 279, 1455, 502, 22100, 304, 82760, 99025, 596, 11766, 11, 323, 279, 4729, 1587, 832, 315, 1817, 323, 12976, 13, 763, 4729, 311, 264, 6873, 315, 1828, 27743, 2626, 323, 4948, 892, 11, 279, 2547, 4870, 1234, 279, 8173, 22996, 17482, 47672, 555, 264, 39319, 6873, 304, 3026, 29539, 439, 6650, 323, 279, 6206, 13, 220, 6365, 26, 10541, 279, 3424, 574, 10180, 9333, 1109, 2391, 279, 33811, 315, 23278, 1122, 11, 433, 11021, 7882, 1380, 60435, 8322, 4027, 11, 439, 279, 1701, 11555, 574, 2753, 1193, 25157, 323, 810, 1633, 11, 1618, 11, 323, 1193, 78549, 13, 578, 4832, 37848, 2405, 564, 300, 1587, 279, 9777, 36255, 307, 5867, 89440, 315, 58221, 520, 78978, 395, 437, 304, 220, 16415, 11, 505, 279, 25048, 94111, 11289, 288, 627, 64818, 58711, 5933, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 810, 1109, 85339, 57613, 13, 4427, 7978, 4358, 4529, 3062, 7440, 1427, 4827, 1920, 4520, 1109, 220, 20, 30308, 3400, 380, 12301, 1233, 13, 4500, 17308, 6492, 11784, 8197, 13, 3861, 4868, 374, 430, 59774, 9477, 5112, 3041, 5190, 5961, 315, 6300, 961, 11, 16627, 30676, 11, 26084, 3363, 9328, 29774, 11, 420, 1253, 5371, 311, 10550, 1633, 1109, 279, 30830, 627, 16082, 14576, 220, 7529, 17, 11, 578, 328, 474, 315, 92287, 1184, 13, 220, 8259, 17, 8, 6752, 11197, 16903, 11, 220, 806, 7, 220, 7285, 21, 705, 16250, 20643, 12201, 11, 364, 6017, 10506, 11, 9683, 318, 59626, 96433, 1250, 364, 3778, 92102, 13581, 11, 3297, 220, 1049, 20, 13, 17312, 505, 279, 82760, 519, 1572, 25, 362, 8173, 24151, 449, 7029, 12458, 6389, 35382, 11, 4062, 1052, 6389, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 612, 2447, 25, 921, 12333, 3751, 11, 4410, 70608, 13, 48327, 55808, 2761, 18560, 88918, 38385, 261, 2857, 21184, 25, 4232, 13, 10441, 3675, 16991, 14172, 426, 1105, 91099, 11, 25844, 507, 13, 7030, 25, 426, 1105, 91099, 11, 16991, 14172, 11, 220, 6393, 19, 6830, 1582, 25, 33924, 1195, 11, 25844, 66991, 11, 220, 6393, 21, 6830, 1582, 25, 8290, 6577, 11, 11826, 13, 8745, 1322, 577, 45874, 1920, 25, 4096, 11, 64528, 11, 5632, 13716, 11, 323, 502, 2816, 323, 1672, 1386, 10603, 21077, 20661, 11, 650, 26966, 40113, 455, 2473, 11, 12336, 69281, 81, 11118, 13, 2417, 11230, 1555, 682, 279, 19905, 449, 264, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 315, 2363, 13, 2686, 499, 656, 358, 1288, 4430, 279, 120859, 6677, 9429, 1306, 279, 220, 966, 17219, 1205, 779, 856, 18985, 649, 5916, 4756, 311, 420, 6710, 315, 15105, 30, 1442, 499, 3782, 311, 3619, 682, 32776, 315, 1455, 13363, 11, 439, 499, 649, 1101, 4686, 4221, 369, 1695, 7576, 13, 8469, 11, 433, 1053, 1456, 2731, 311, 636, 420, 477, 264, 41884, 4868, 2500, 9072, 627, 64818, 58711, 220, 6365, 26, 4740, 1694, 813, 82760, 39457, 4783, 54219, 11, 568, 6818, 5678, 28883, 439, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 304, 6250, 220, 8899, 18, 13, 1628, 2298, 1609, 437, 7020, 813, 8941, 73, 525, 2288, 26, 304, 4461, 11, 279, 8522, 568, 4036, 311, 2349, 279, 1376, 315, 279, 21080, 20461, 12886, 9087, 555, 3673, 13, 3318, 311, 10058, 66535, 12184, 1105, 8050, 11, 1628, 2298, 1609, 437, 6688, 11223, 311, 656, 704, 2565, 25, 9636, 813, 19354, 11, 279, 3566, 315, 35924, 27212, 26, 2835, 6575, 2884, 389, 990, 11, 7429, 1109, 2038, 26, 4236, 10887, 8774, 459, 5426, 4029, 1120, 1633, 311, 1977, 279, 40536, 315, 13708, 13, 220, 6365, 26, 1628, 2298, 1609, 437, 11798, 8965, 311, 3493, 279, 2686, 315, 279, 15489, 439, 264, 2262, 627, 2460, 701, 9364, 323, 55572, 11, 220, 1041, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 3728, 13, 1984, 5990, 449, 4860, 11, 4819, 11, 323, 41298, 499, 1715, 1475, 10017, 13, 1005, 264, 41626, 15652, 3158, 477, 21343, 2082, 889, 649, 3493, 499, 1520, 13, 1893, 279, 24748, 816, 430, 374, 14077, 369, 499, 13, 4702, 264, 4062, 3492, 9002, 27726, 265, 627, 16479, 28650, 505, 304, 31410, 43195, 617, 304, 15344, 5990, 315, 11999, 323, 28286, 380, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 323, 1772, 311, 11361, 9298, 19476, 315, 19214, 18852, 13, 11208, 527, 499, 617, 374, 279, 12047, 9546, 304, 9635, 311, 1440, 264, 21976, 505, 264, 13621, 6376, 11, 304, 19786, 315, 8482, 1716, 30, 5097, 433, 58570, 7295, 11, 25715, 11, 52629, 477, 19922, 30, 4410, 91375, 364, 82, 459, 4879, 315, 264, 4800, 22622, 2531, 1760, 67247, 279, 3403, 6332, 3278, 315, 3389, 9635, 13, 13596, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 15972, 264, 5457, 3010, 304, 50280, 13, 763, 220, 2550, 18, 12656, 37832, 95589, 11, 1202, 28058, 5507, 11, 1766, 426, 7443, 323, 76699, 22088, 13, 27458, 304, 4987, 10384, 304, 220, 4468, 24, 13, 27191, 51028, 4409, 6150, 11182, 11, 220, 22058, 435, 13, 16283, 1047, 19937, 5505, 4595, 1418, 279, 5015, 503, 1511, 279, 90602, 1122, 1234, 6826, 11, 719, 912, 4726, 10067, 3940, 1027, 389, 279, 2199, 13, 1115, 5871, 937, 374, 279, 2199, 311, 1148, 95300, 22107, 374, 323, 1268, 814, 649, 7168, 872, 6505, 13, 387, 499, 2187, 279, 3365, 4210, 2015, 323, 5951, 311, 4048, 264, 18489, 30, 1115, 326, 6, 29831, 556, 5097, 3728, 6067, 311, 10536, 19471, 22648, 3626, 304, 2361, 311, 387, 709, 279, 10068, 6548, 492, 13, 763, 420, 9878, 584, 2997, 40986, 449, 3217, 7572, 4232, 1027, 555, 264, 22648, 2038, 38769, 323, 264, 274, 4901, 315, 9337, 6299, 323, 67946, 10683, 2541, 21829, 811, 627, 64818, 58711, 4702, 578, 49431, 52029, 1226, 6122, 0, 1879, 11216, 323, 64216, 78354, 13, 578, 6150, 37263, 2531, 374, 1695, 45890, 311, 1304, 2539, 14265, 502, 31624, 7, 11396, 2170, 8, 449, 22599, 11, 6373, 11, 323, 33459, 17312, 323, 2653, 6299, 13, 362, 7185, 11396, 32, 5039, 7376, 439, 832, 430, 3349, 220, 16, 8, 3060, 5825, 520, 3325, 220, 605, 11, 931, 4339, 505, 17446, 53210, 477, 374, 264, 2800, 304, 902, 520, 3325, 220, 508, 3925, 315, 36717, 527, 505, 3766, 4455, 26, 323, 7, 220, 17, 8, 2209, 264, 220, 18, 6634, 3938, 315, 2919, 42687, 3060, 11469, 315, 872, 14110, 477, 449, 11326, 11, 52741, 11, 477, 220, 7529, 19, 12, 7529, 23, 71603, 2199, 627, 2166, 4311, 25, 1005, 11824, 17472, 1475, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 369, 279, 220, 2166, 3805, 26, 4857, 20514, 8352, 13, 555, 89, 519, 258, 26, 374, 459, 1514, 389, 816, 11, 91784, 367, 11, 323, 11742, 63837, 17688, 13, 5414, 5133, 1101, 24897, 304, 1403, 79181, 26, 1566, 15369, 26, 369, 4579, 11, 323, 15100, 23659, 12829, 578, 18729, 51354, 30869, 25, 6920, 701, 2536, 28926, 30676, 11, 1715, 810, 8582, 3839, 311, 701, 6873, 11, 323, 14553, 430, 2027, 1139, 5448, 323, 21782, 0, 763, 578, 18729, 51354, 30869, 11, 13016, 2652, 17437, 86642, 505, 2212, 279, 1648, 1005, 872, 892, 6603, 323, 19287, 389, 26029, 11, 5526, 18312, 11, 323, 7100, 5654, 13, 3161, 29861, 11, 499, 4048, 279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 499, 656, 1888, 13, 220, 679, 15, 555, 21077, 20661, 11, 650, 26966, 40113, 455, 2473, 11, 12336, 69281, 81, 11118, 2460, 23978, 10887, 13, 34526, 12, 1032, 7, 9474, 1680, 220, 17272, 12, 16, 12, 14245, 17, 12, 17361, 23, 12, 19, 46285, 12, 1032, 7, 4183, 1680, 3940, 323, 9087, 304, 279, 3723, 4273, 315, 5270, 220, 24, 220, 23, 220, 22, 220, 21, 220, 20, 220, 19, 220, 18, 220, 17, 4113, 3585, 11, 7739, 11, 323, 10977, 1253, 12771, 304, 420, 19297, 13, 3161, 29861, 11, 499, 527, 279, 29094, 499, 527, 1888, 13, 220, 15, 449, 13650, 482, 636, 279, 586, 13, 32731, 1198, 41063, 19647, 11, 19647, 11, 5099, 13, 18403, 3137, 3508, 477, 922, 499, 1390, 2294, 23783, 311, 1505, 3148, 311, 617, 389, 701, 18178, 430, 420, 1749, 374, 264, 2759, 315, 18821, 13, 8442, 1903, 304, 220, 717, 41140, 11, 2978, 4208, 11, 220, 3753, 21, 12, 3753, 22, 13, 2294, 1023, 4668, 1587, 311, 16945, 279, 26308, 315, 279, 10573, 5794, 439, 814, 1396, 2403, 4967, 311, 387, 264, 4652, 11, 449, 279, 11761, 315, 279, 2532, 2768, 304, 279, 3187, 627, 4516, 1521, 1403, 2911, 527, 3815, 311, 8108, 279, 2930, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 315, 279, 4827, 2361, 5674, 1193, 13, 578, 220, 18, 12, 20, 13363, 374, 311, 1855, 892, 13, 1120, 775, 21342, 311, 25760, 82760, 39457, 220, 21, 12, 605, 23783, 617, 4529, 13, 578, 356, 16, 11, 423, 16, 323, 469, 16, 11429, 527, 78014, 323, 499, 1288, 3350, 1124, 16102, 422, 499, 8024, 279, 7074, 18661, 13, 578, 6622, 1288, 2522, 20432, 6288, 1401, 449, 279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 315, 1701, 279, 3830, 13, 1472, 1288, 2175, 832, 45477, 323, 1193, 449, 502, 2450, 279, 2466, 13, 9086, 449, 279, 22648, 6725, 3925, 5246, 11, 499, 649, 3073, 279, 1403, 4827, 5536, 656, 1523, 3953, 13, 1115, 44032, 32216, 2646, 22648, 311, 4048, 449, 13, 13440, 499, 656, 11472, 279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 477, 4227, 11, 422, 499, 656, 701, 2771, 323, 7089, 11977, 5423, 13739, 690, 387, 22237, 6603, 430, 12522, 7429, 369, 1124, 13, 12309, 264, 12496, 1418, 584, 1390, 499, 304, 311, 701, 3777, 11346, 13, 578, 6883, 374, 8442, 25078, 13, 3351, 1684, 481, 311, 636, 904, 1203, 16259, 922, 420, 8312, 11, 4857, 4860, 311, 3804, 2150, 11, 8403, 11, 6067, 11, 477, 904, 22648, 2930, 293, 75669, 11, 369, 16655, 8745, 8797, 14270, 477, 10573, 8267, 220, 7529, 19, 12, 7529, 23, 578, 659, 12, 37838, 315, 279, 5629, 4435, 5111, 220, 4513, 41179, 11, 10435, 94514, 11, 6122, 41179, 11, 435, 40520, 11, 11730, 2227, 6461, 11, 10435, 1039, 388, 11, 1633, 1243, 54263, 45910, 5761, 304, 14645, 13, 578, 15840, 30824, 7570, 32614, 13, 220, 21602, 26, 3339, 374, 11, 17482, 4460, 11754, 477, 17011, 13, 1115, 10334, 25930, 33834, 369, 55227, 11, 20334, 11, 323, 12914, 13, 4747, 7833, 311, 8346, 810, 477, 3449, 701, 2763, 20163, 13, 9787, 358, 893, 8355, 311, 387, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 16064, 323, 6975, 3938, 12823, 23674, 1051, 304, 701, 26924, 4500, 13, 1226, 690, 1578, 3351, 11, 10536, 19471, 11, 477, 2567, 701, 41295, 6883, 477, 3477, 2759, 13, 1102, 15100, 1093, 3363, 574, 88802, 291, 520, 420, 1584, 13, 6074, 3956, 449, 701, 8331, 10456, 264, 294, 1772, 12, 1273, 17, 1633, 30, 374, 420, 539, 7319, 311, 499, 30, 527, 499, 2288, 3782, 922, 279, 326, 1990, 264, 80411, 323, 264, 8396, 30, 220, 605, 54053, 37263, 11704, 25, 578, 8681, 34496, 81390, 30, 14247, 743, 520, 11166, 4075, 358, 18661, 264, 14348, 22032, 505, 264, 2363, 3566, 13, 3296, 27260, 5871, 937, 499, 9901, 430, 499, 1390, 356, 58711, 323, 1440, 1057, 68603, 315, 5475, 323, 19406, 11216, 13, 4718, 6873, 315, 279, 2447, 323, 11977, 5097, 653, 61212, 311, 1521, 10721, 323, 6170, 13, 5905, 389, 264, 3388, 311, 3974, 311, 5195, 18312, 13, 1935, 264, 11896, 54040, 7030, 13, 11896, 54040, 11, 26743, 11, 35924, 11, 10099, 11, 1376, 3953, 11, 8339, 11, 15009, 11, 3320, 8733, 11, 5099, 13, 1115, 816, 67232, 1314, 279, 58570, 13041, 19670, 1233, 13, 1789, 40186, 19647, 11, 527, 15344, 7, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 570, 4208, 449, 279, 3925, 315, 83657, 566, 9334, 7, 436, 13, 220, 17608, 12, 23525, 705, 449, 813, 69027, 83657, 566, 9334, 19863, 483, 13, 220, 6330, 26, 28232, 220, 4364, 19, 323, 14636, 1070, 3288, 459, 2532, 994, 279, 1664, 33851, 2631, 17011, 1139, 279, 26206, 315, 452, 3074, 12791, 11, 279, 21080, 315, 12758, 55773, 2159, 323, 279, 3959, 19644, 349, 315, 469, 5682, 355, 11, 902, 1051, 682, 6325, 369, 5015, 315, 279, 2816, 13, 9787, 24838, 578, 8592, 5435, 315, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 3493, 14470, 3196, 4315, 279, 45680, 944, 4819, 315, 8242, 258, 11, 27930, 51410, 11, 39867, 263, 452, 22506, 263, 11, 323, 432, 6870, 10093, 11, 279, 7029, 2763, 315, 65914, 19730, 12103, 11, 323, 279, 5361, 6603, 315, 29853, 589, 38181, 266, 323, 816, 6181, 13, 503, 374, 4800, 7029, 82105, 304, 16627, 45680, 944, 5838, 10612, 323, 304, 264, 8009, 315, 279, 17355, 323, 16642, 8522, 13, 578, 7634, 527, 32406, 11311, 87333, 520, 279, 6914, 8191, 13, 24327, 12823, 389, 16495, 45673, 3925, 1253, 9778, 3351, 15987, 11, 323, 420, 1053, 12040, 46820, 380, 7531, 826, 311, 3157, 323, 3139, 279, 68751, 7766, 13, 11930, 3966, 2500, 2930, 892, 13, 40786, 20041, 555, 459, 2771, 48189, 617, 1455, 1401, 311, 3719, 2132, 13, 11704, 6376, 304, 4236, 19894, 555, 26870, 449, 912, 8752, 477, 17876, 3025, 23163, 2733, 19292, 810, 26225, 311, 2019, 4948, 1109, 1884, 304, 7440, 8308, 555, 264, 3566, 477, 8173, 1203, 13, 578, 3290, 709, 5039, 430, 279, 1566, 2751, 3403, 8294, 31624, 304, 502, 30031, 824, 41961, 1109, 279, 1176, 2391, 279, 13210, 627, 40, 574, 264, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 323, 264, 8278, 7030, 12, 1956, 439, 539, 994, 358, 527, 279, 16195, 3021, 719, 814, 4619, 574, 33449, 811, 4856, 13, 2468, 279, 1715, 358, 617, 220, 1958, 7931, 264, 39890, 15603, 311, 1505, 8712, 4857, 13, 358, 5603, 311, 617, 2816, 323, 358, 4228, 96763, 220, 23, 8737, 13, 3925, 1520, 264, 3492, 11, 358, 574, 311, 17308, 439, 449, 856, 7314, 6996, 13, 13482, 51447, 2181, 374, 389, 279, 56035, 323, 61427, 13, 1472, 690, 387, 264, 29531, 4007, 17250, 477, 11211, 300, 3225, 6725, 311, 6958, 420, 13, 7155, 279, 8431, 15009, 709, 1495, 449, 832, 5015, 389, 279, 6725, 13, 1472, 527, 5108, 311, 2175, 14892, 709, 1418, 16661, 7978, 13, 51269, 279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 6319, 304, 420, 13002, 690, 1520, 279, 3925, 323, 5542, 2176, 922, 21630, 10368, 82012, 323, 701, 8834, 14499, 13, 763, 264, 4623, 315, 36256, 11, 1176, 323, 11230, 6677, 11, 46661, 17961, 9744, 706, 1234, 2115, 13, 1115, 4947, 5097, 279, 274, 304, 264, 5575, 389, 59294, 22107, 13, 1102, 374, 459, 3495, 311, 279, 4092, 449, 459, 1052, 389, 279, 2363, 315, 6812, 4791, 51580, 88605, 13, 578, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5825, 11920, 15746, 311, 11004, 1063, 27949, 67458, 311, 387, 279, 8857, 323, 279, 9459, 32003, 4062, 2695, 3847, 91749, 304, 279, 2778, 13, 1666, 584, 1005, 304, 279, 3157, 11, 279, 6105, 311, 19339, 362, 11, 426, 323, 356, 690, 10765, 1027, 304, 264, 3389, 390, 23985, 11, 1418, 279, 9908, 311, 24569, 423, 323, 435, 11, 304, 17219, 315, 279, 5370, 4857, 315, 1063, 315, 279, 3967, 342, 11, 690, 1633, 387, 31408, 304, 279, 4316, 15436, 1052, 11, 323, 279, 2199, 315, 420, 8191, 690, 923, 1511, 311, 3117, 78622, 5435, 13, 578, 1772, 690, 539, 3063, 32874, 3288, 1990, 14535, 323, 2204, 37222, 29509, 9861, 311, 387, 279, 17571, 11, 2723, 11, 323, 74379, 315, 8582, 3135, 304, 20023, 5270, 13, 1666, 264, 1052, 315, 1521, 612, 323, 279, 6875, 18228, 11, 584, 690, 23804, 264, 9610, 315, 6206, 40885, 279, 828, 315, 279, 2237, 627, 64818, 58711, 1472, 649, 5030, 26, 16343, 264, 16627, 5871, 937, 13, 6067, 220, 17, 311, 220, 18, 527, 1523, 6319, 304, 420, 37355, 2065, 13, 1115, 21647, 49095, 89002, 369, 51091, 11, 4477, 11, 323, 5603, 13, 7388, 7154, 311, 27233, 810, 477, 3708, 701, 1948, 51801, 627, 33, 1829, 374, 9888, 20933, 48135, 439, 66923, 964, 439, 433, 374, 6532, 439, 426, 1829, 555, 19647, 13, 578, 384, 34740, 374, 264, 304, 31410, 4007, 315, 426, 1829, 3815, 48688, 11, 2361, 323, 33834, 23783, 1555, 264, 1984, 6914, 5, 5544, 27610, 13, 1115, 14564, 264, 3230, 3703, 311, 7839, 31458, 369, 35269, 49796, 7, 2835, 2305, 1115, 2073, 374, 499, 311, 279, 7074, 315, 6435, 17089, 11, 6376, 389, 279, 5015, 315, 430, 2363, 311, 279, 3109, 315, 26396, 13739, 430, 1070, 1304, 433, 13, 578, 220, 1484, 5, 303, 1003, 304, 279, 7694, 315, 4553, 24569, 706, 32931, 459, 1646, 1405, 1063, 6995, 39851, 315, 1023, 296, 1773, 12303, 527, 11136, 311, 8335, 279, 6206, 323, 279, 13607, 814, 527, 627, 19553, 369, 439, 3831, 3026, 439, 499, 649, 7, 2085, 43844, 287, 709, 477, 51269, 369, 279, 18561, 2363, 33593, 10782, 744, 68, 304, 2761, 35137, 74, 38469, 25, 4242, 336, 70122, 5008, 273, 2073, 44220, 315, 15489, 570, 6367, 1115, 374, 264, 7528, 3249, 539, 1456, 1521, 704, 26, 15281, 709, 2613, 13, 29250, 73235, 78375, 320, 2367, 2239, 5046, 86950, 1628, 356, 31756, 11, 10657, 14398, 8, 220, 2550, 21, 26, 1027, 389, 279, 4339, 449, 279, 6449, 1821, 323, 26308, 3411, 7946, 2930, 13, 1193, 11, 499, 1288, 15638, 1523, 389, 264, 16627, 2363, 8574, 4323, 1640, 18211, 48327, 55808, 2761, 60314, 2933, 2234, 2761, 21031, 5584, 1395, 1964, 451, 304, 43778, 2357, 784, 944, 220, 7285, 16, 13, 2876, 6958, 701, 1684, 67915, 27917, 62714, 38208, 4150, 1609, 2073, 735, 76124, 16276, 4862, 11, 220, 19, 13, 33150, 1517, 425, 220, 679, 17, 389, 701, 6603, 323, 18094, 1418, 31474, 279, 17571, 7829, 8369, 13, 1472, 649, 1101, 4827, 8718, 14782, 433, 389, 832, 662, 2030, 1212, 11, 430, 326, 2076, 38663, 311, 2543, 539, 31308, 389, 279, 28650, 13, 4725, 578, 10289, 4718, 29935, 1047, 2187, 709, 374, 264, 34030, 55280, 311, 4148, 279, 63324, 2085, 50453, 701, 25572, 34322, 323, 4038, 13, 389, 2737, 701, 4827, 9659, 505, 10494, 11, 439, 17562, 26, 294, 3719, 369, 264, 4221, 11, 1418, 20700, 279, 14458, 449, 701, 5435, 477, 14580, 8172, 42118, 389, 902, 5915, 61109, 499, 527, 311, 4048, 704, 570, 3073, 701, 311, 4726, 50809, 701, 15174, 13, 11322, 701, 4398, 389, 279, 4073, 2968, 17005, 13, 59763, 61439, 11050, 315, 11344, 12, 38432, 43807, 220, 1049, 16, 13, 4718, 49820, 1288, 3729, 11846, 11, 16940, 1855, 3766, 304, 75361, 774, 70, 3326, 263, 916, 31846, 3502, 7548, 11628, 6592, 72384, 14, 2831, 315, 499, 389, 279, 18101, 13, 1102, 1288, 387, 16127, 311, 1825, 1109, 264, 8244, 4800, 719, 433, 9221, 701, 4947, 323, 8191, 4819, 1790, 1243, 627, 4626, 11, 323, 617, 311, 387, 279, 3731, 369, 2737, 3953, 430, 690, 12265, 4028, 3485, 7526, 13, 1472, 3358, 10383, 1023, 311, 11502, 279, 1949, 1450, 3131, 499, 1518, 279, 4339, 2759, 13, 1518, 5112, 3371, 1193, 2778, 26, 1205, 23791, 26, 11542, 13, 6975, 459, 2262, 690, 4276, 26285, 279, 8009, 2363, 13, 128001 ]
THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Learn about this topic in these articles: history of Serbia ...organization, sustained collaboration within larger groups was difficult. Several župani might, on occasion, unite under a veliki župan, or grand chieftain, who for a short time would succeed in establishing control over a substantial territory and declare himself king or emperor.	92	[ 128000, 37012, 3507, 362, 55240, 26095, 13, 98520, 3074, 1587, 539, 5131, 617, 459, 4652, 389, 420, 8712, 627, 24762, 922, 420, 8712, 304, 1521, 9908, 512, 19375, 315, 59814, 198, 1131, 24844, 11, 29759, 20632, 2949, 8294, 5315, 574, 5107, 13, 26778, 32063, 455, 5676, 2643, 11, 389, 13402, 11, 52696, 1234, 264, 9231, 7723, 32063, 455, 276, 11, 477, 6800, 523, 648, 728, 467, 11, 889, 369, 264, 2875, 892, 1053, 12265, 304, 31692, 2585, 927, 264, 12190, 18455, 323, 16292, 5678, 11734, 477, 57883, 13, 128001 ]
Measurement of Raspberry Pi voltage and current at the 5V pin under load If you connect a 5V pin to Raspberry Pi, then you expect a voltage of 5 volts. Unfortunately, the voltage and current behavior changes under load. How exactly can be determined with a series of measurements. \|Volt (V)\|\|Amps (A)\|\|ohm\|\|ohm\|\|Amps (A)\|\|Volt (V)\|\|Amps (A)\| \|0\|\|5.0\|\|Comparative measurement without resistance\|\|5,027\|\|deleted\| The table consists of a total of 3 parts. The first part consists of the 5 volt (column 2) voltage applied to the 5V pin and a current from 0.001A to 0.016A (column 3). In order for the given current to be set below the specified voltage, a corresponding resistor must be used for this purpose, which was calculated for this purpose (column 4). The second part of the table is that the calculated resistance values are not real resistances, but real resistances with other values have to be used. In this case from the E12 series (column 5). In some cases, there are overlaps with the calculated resistance values (between columns 4 and 5). Since a given current is set at a specified voltage at a given voltage, it was calculated (column 6). This current is what would be expected at the fixed voltage of 5 volts. The third part of the table deals with the actual measurement of voltage and current (columns 7 and 8). Here, the voltage at the 5V pin was first measured (column 7) to see if there really were 5 volts across the resistor. The current measurement was then performed (column 8) to see if the calculated current actually flows through the resistor. Measurement 0 was made to check if there were really 5 volts. The current measurement is omitted here, because there is no closed circuit here. Subsequently, the measurement was carried out 1 to 22. In each case once for the voltage and the current. Observation and evaluation of the measurements - As the resistance decreases, the voltage decreases. - As the resistance decreases, the current increases. - As the current increases, the voltage drops. Findings and conclusion The measurements show that the 5V pin has a lower voltage under load than expected. When a current flows, the voltage drops. The actual flowing current differs only slightly from the calculated current. However, you can only conditionally load the 5V pin because the voltage drops across the current. That is, the 5V pin is only partially suitable for the power supply of the external wiring. Subsequent circuit components must be dimensioned for less than 5 volts or require their own power supply. The extent to which these findings are disadvantageous for a particular circuit depends on the exact requirements and the dimensioning of the circuit.	595	[ 128000, 77648, 315, 48665, 21286, 22465, 323, 1510, 520, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 1234, 2865, 198, 2746, 499, 4667, 264, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 311, 48665, 21286, 11, 1243, 499, 1755, 264, 22465, 315, 220, 20, 87167, 13, 19173, 11, 279, 22465, 323, 1510, 7865, 4442, 1234, 2865, 13, 2650, 7041, 649, 387, 11075, 449, 264, 4101, 315, 22323, 627, 91, 97469, 320, 53, 45046, 32, 94570, 320, 32, 45046, 2319, 76, 8651, 2319, 76, 8651, 32, 94570, 320, 32, 45046, 97469, 320, 53, 45046, 32, 94570, 320, 32, 8, 7511, 91, 15, 8651, 20, 13, 15, 8651, 17561, 1413, 19179, 2085, 13957, 8651, 20, 11, 21360, 8651, 27619, 7511, 791, 2007, 17610, 315, 264, 2860, 315, 220, 18, 5596, 13, 578, 1176, 961, 17610, 315, 279, 220, 20, 16798, 320, 6361, 220, 17, 8, 22465, 9435, 311, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 323, 264, 1510, 505, 220, 15, 13, 4119, 32, 311, 220, 15, 13, 15794, 32, 320, 6361, 220, 18, 570, 763, 2015, 369, 279, 2728, 1510, 311, 387, 743, 3770, 279, 5300, 22465, 11, 264, 12435, 78736, 2011, 387, 1511, 369, 420, 7580, 11, 902, 574, 16997, 369, 420, 7580, 320, 6361, 220, 19, 4390, 791, 2132, 961, 315, 279, 2007, 374, 430, 279, 16997, 13957, 2819, 527, 539, 1972, 22884, 3095, 11, 719, 1972, 22884, 3095, 449, 1023, 2819, 617, 311, 387, 1511, 13, 763, 420, 1162, 505, 279, 469, 717, 4101, 320, 6361, 220, 20, 570, 763, 1063, 5157, 11, 1070, 527, 77107, 449, 279, 16997, 13957, 2819, 320, 42967, 8310, 220, 19, 323, 220, 20, 570, 8876, 264, 2728, 1510, 374, 743, 520, 264, 5300, 22465, 520, 264, 2728, 22465, 11, 433, 574, 16997, 320, 6361, 220, 21, 570, 1115, 1510, 374, 1148, 1053, 387, 3685, 520, 279, 8521, 22465, 315, 220, 20, 87167, 627, 791, 4948, 961, 315, 279, 2007, 12789, 449, 279, 5150, 19179, 315, 22465, 323, 1510, 320, 16773, 220, 22, 323, 220, 23, 570, 5810, 11, 279, 22465, 520, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 574, 1176, 17303, 320, 6361, 220, 22, 8, 311, 1518, 422, 1070, 2216, 1051, 220, 20, 87167, 4028, 279, 78736, 13, 578, 1510, 19179, 574, 1243, 10887, 320, 6361, 220, 23, 8, 311, 1518, 422, 279, 16997, 1510, 3604, 28555, 1555, 279, 78736, 627, 77648, 220, 15, 574, 1903, 311, 1817, 422, 1070, 1051, 2216, 220, 20, 87167, 13, 578, 1510, 19179, 374, 40542, 1618, 11, 1606, 1070, 374, 912, 8036, 16622, 1618, 13, 3804, 39742, 11, 279, 19179, 574, 11953, 704, 220, 16, 311, 220, 1313, 13, 763, 1855, 1162, 3131, 369, 279, 22465, 323, 279, 1510, 627, 38863, 367, 323, 16865, 315, 279, 22323, 198, 12, 1666, 279, 13957, 43154, 11, 279, 22465, 43154, 627, 12, 1666, 279, 13957, 43154, 11, 279, 1510, 12992, 627, 12, 1666, 279, 1510, 12992, 11, 279, 22465, 21701, 627, 10086, 826, 323, 17102, 198, 791, 22323, 1501, 430, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 706, 264, 4827, 22465, 1234, 2865, 1109, 3685, 13, 3277, 264, 1510, 28555, 11, 279, 22465, 21701, 13, 578, 5150, 36612, 1510, 44642, 1193, 10284, 505, 279, 16997, 1510, 627, 11458, 11, 499, 649, 1193, 3044, 750, 2865, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 1606, 279, 22465, 21701, 4028, 279, 1510, 13, 3011, 374, 11, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 374, 1193, 26310, 14791, 369, 279, 2410, 8312, 315, 279, 9434, 19358, 627, 3214, 72457, 16622, 6956, 2011, 387, 13167, 291, 369, 2753, 1109, 220, 20, 87167, 477, 1397, 872, 1866, 2410, 8312, 627, 791, 13112, 311, 902, 1521, 14955, 527, 49836, 788, 369, 264, 4040, 16622, 14117, 389, 279, 4839, 8670, 323, 279, 13167, 287, 315, 279, 16622, 13, 128001 ]
Oil on panel portrait by Robert Fulton. Joel Barlow's (1754-1812) interests were broad, ranging from the philosophical to the republican, scientific, and propagandist. His epic poem 'The Vision of Columbus' sees the Spanish conquest of America as a prelude to American independence. He believed war must occur in the British North American colonies to establish an American empire, where arts and sciences could flourish in a free and confederated band of states. Barlow believed that North America was by right the inheritance of the new Americans. © Science Museum / Science & Society Picture Library	121	[ 128000, 78009, 389, 7090, 34133, 555, 8563, 89984, 13, 39447, 4821, 10516, 596, 320, 10005, 19, 12, 10562, 17, 8, 12034, 1051, 7353, 11, 24950, 505, 279, 41903, 311, 279, 91536, 11, 12624, 11, 323, 17425, 438, 380, 13, 5414, 25706, 33894, 364, 791, 31541, 315, 32917, 6, 16008, 279, 15506, 62366, 315, 5270, 439, 264, 864, 53638, 311, 3778, 24589, 13, 1283, 11846, 4208, 2011, 12446, 304, 279, 8013, 4892, 3778, 49028, 311, 5813, 459, 3778, 32447, 11, 1405, 19071, 323, 36788, 1436, 67784, 304, 264, 1949, 323, 2389, 7442, 660, 7200, 315, 5415, 13, 4821, 10516, 11846, 430, 4892, 5270, 574, 555, 1314, 279, 42922, 315, 279, 502, 9053, 627, 20644, 10170, 16730, 611, 10170, 612, 13581, 25586, 11896, 128001 ]
The sun is the most powerful source of light in our galaxy and it’s the photons, or light particles, from the sun that give us our solar magic. Each solar panel is made up of photovoltaic cells that are able to convert that light energy into electrical energy. To get an idea of how this is achieved, if you can imagine the photons are like tiny balls bombarding a photovoltaic cell, displacing and exciting the electrons within that cell. This causes the electrons in the negative wafer become ‘excited’ by the photons and start to jump over to the positive wafer, through the tiny wires in the panel. To ensure this happens, the cell is the sandwich of two semiconductor wafers (n-doped and p-doped). The electrons over the ‘bandgap’ when hit by photons, which allows them to fill the positively charged holes (protons) on the p-junction. This current is then taken to an inverter to be inverted into AC current. How does a solar energy system work? Now you know what you’re looking for, let’s get a little bit more detail on what a full solar system would involve. - Solar Panels – Photovoltaic panels contain tiny cells that contain electrons that jiggle about and generate electricity when hit by daylight. Most panels contain 60 or 72 cells. However, unlike a lot of solar companies, Solar Fast only installs 104 Half Cell Tier One solar panels – because they are stylish, most efficient and reliable. - Inverter – Solar panels generate a Direct Current, or DC as it’s known, so we need a device to convert the electricity generated to an Alternating Current (AC) so it can be used in the home. That’s where the inverter comes in because that is exactly what it does. Want to know more about inverters? - Electricity meter – You obviously already have an electricity meter but it is still part of the system if you are still connected to the grid – which in 99% of cases, you will be. - Battery storage – The advances in battery technology are coming on in leaps and bounds both in solar systems and electric cars. Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries are the staple for solar because they are a fantastic way to store your electricity – reliable, long lasting and sustainable. Do solar panels work on cloudy days? Absolutely they do! While strong sunlight is much more effective at jiggling the atoms inside the photovoltaic cells, it’s not necessary for the solar panels to work. Light is made up of waves and they come in different lengths and colours – from infrared to ultraviolet. Some of these waves can easily pass through clouds to get to your solar panels. The basic rule is, if you can see your hand in front of you during daylight hours, your solar panels are generating electricity. Plus, rain is a fantastic natural cleaner for your panels as the water washes any dust away that may be blocking the light getting to the cells. Learn more about do solar panels work on cloudy days. Does a solar system work at night? While the panels are unable to generate electricity at night, systems are able to store electricity in batteries or you can set up a Smart Export Guarantee (SEG), with your energy supplier. Energy storage used to be a very difficult thing to get right, but the technology has come on so much in the last decade that batteries are reducing in price while increasing in efficiency. Most standard batteries will happily run the house overnight so long as you aren’t staying up all night cooking and using electric heaters. Having a battery in your system also cuts your carbon footprint by an average of 0.42 tons a year. How long do solar panels last? Most manufacturers guarantee panels for up to 25 years but they can last for over 4 decades Panels have no moving parts so any problems will only come from either damage or what is known as degradation – which means that the photovoltaic cells start to ‘wear out’ and become less efficient. Research from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in the US has found that solar panels have a median degradation rate of around 0.5% a year. This rate can increase in hotter countries but, here in the UK, we can use this as a pretty good guide. The panels will be the part of your system that lasts the longest and, it’s worth noting, that they will have paid for themselves after around 5 years. That means you are getting over 20 years of FREE energy production before you need to think about replacing your panels. Learn more about how long solar panels last. How do solar panels work with the grid? You will only use about 50% of the electricity generated during the hours of sunlight, so it’s a good idea to do something with what is left over. So, what do you do if you aren’t using battery storage? Well, as we have previously mentioned, you can also use a net metering agreement or a Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) as they are known in the UK. In the simplest of terms, this is an agreement you make with an energy supplier to sell them your excess electricity – the money generated from that will go towards paying your supplier for any power you use after sundown or straight into your bank. It’s always a good idea to research which suppliers are offering the best rates as it will differ from company to company and most will give you a better rate if you are already a customer.	1,175	[ 128000, 791, 7160, 374, 279, 1455, 8147, 2592, 315, 3177, 304, 1057, 34261, 323, 433, 753, 279, 89235, 11, 477, 3177, 19252, 11, 505, 279, 7160, 430, 3041, 603, 1057, 13238, 11204, 627, 4959, 13238, 7090, 374, 1903, 709, 315, 4604, 93591, 292, 7917, 430, 527, 3025, 311, 5625, 430, 3177, 4907, 1139, 20314, 4907, 627, 1271, 636, 459, 4623, 315, 1268, 420, 374, 17427, 11, 422, 499, 649, 13085, 279, 89235, 527, 1093, 13987, 20953, 13054, 29510, 264, 4604, 93591, 292, 2849, 11, 13770, 4628, 323, 13548, 279, 57678, 2949, 430, 2849, 627, 2028, 11384, 279, 57678, 304, 279, 8389, 10667, 809, 3719, 3451, 40541, 1639, 529, 555, 279, 89235, 323, 1212, 311, 7940, 927, 311, 279, 6928, 10667, 809, 11, 1555, 279, 13987, 36108, 304, 279, 7090, 627, 1271, 6106, 420, 8741, 11, 279, 2849, 374, 279, 28974, 315, 1403, 87836, 289, 2642, 388, 320, 77, 1773, 16771, 323, 281, 1773, 16771, 4390, 791, 57678, 927, 279, 3451, 7198, 42510, 529, 994, 4295, 555, 89235, 11, 902, 6276, 1124, 311, 5266, 279, 40646, 11684, 20349, 320, 782, 35511, 8, 389, 279, 281, 13636, 600, 627, 2028, 1510, 374, 1243, 4529, 311, 459, 304, 8894, 311, 387, 47801, 1139, 10807, 1510, 627, 4438, 1587, 264, 13238, 4907, 1887, 990, 5380, 7184, 499, 1440, 1148, 499, 3207, 3411, 369, 11, 1095, 753, 636, 264, 2697, 2766, 810, 7872, 389, 1148, 264, 2539, 13238, 1887, 1053, 21736, 627, 12, 25450, 81592, 1389, 18235, 93591, 292, 21988, 6782, 13987, 7917, 430, 6782, 57678, 430, 95164, 3491, 922, 323, 7068, 18200, 994, 4295, 555, 53121, 13, 7648, 21988, 6782, 220, 1399, 477, 220, 5332, 7917, 13, 4452, 11, 20426, 264, 2763, 315, 13238, 5220, 11, 25450, 17737, 1193, 71420, 220, 6849, 26924, 14299, 36332, 3861, 13238, 21988, 1389, 1606, 814, 527, 32461, 11, 1455, 11297, 323, 15062, 627, 12, 763, 8894, 1389, 25450, 21988, 7068, 264, 7286, 9303, 11, 477, 11162, 439, 433, 753, 3967, 11, 779, 584, 1205, 264, 3756, 311, 5625, 279, 18200, 8066, 311, 459, 20054, 1113, 9303, 320, 1741, 8, 779, 433, 649, 387, 1511, 304, 279, 2162, 13, 3011, 753, 1405, 279, 304, 8894, 4131, 304, 1606, 430, 374, 7041, 1148, 433, 1587, 13, 24133, 311, 1440, 810, 922, 43299, 388, 5380, 12, 74456, 23819, 1389, 1472, 14224, 2736, 617, 459, 18200, 23819, 719, 433, 374, 2103, 961, 315, 279, 1887, 422, 499, 527, 2103, 8599, 311, 279, 5950, 1389, 902, 304, 220, 1484, 4, 315, 5157, 11, 499, 690, 387, 627, 12, 34712, 5942, 1389, 578, 31003, 304, 11863, 5557, 527, 5108, 389, 304, 84558, 323, 14597, 2225, 304, 13238, 6067, 323, 9249, 9515, 13, 21844, 41678, 2411, 22197, 263, 74018, 552, 527, 279, 50056, 369, 13238, 1606, 814, 527, 264, 14964, 1648, 311, 3637, 701, 18200, 1389, 15062, 11, 1317, 29869, 323, 22556, 627, 5519, 13238, 21988, 990, 389, 74649, 2919, 5380, 78145, 814, 656, 4999, 8142, 3831, 40120, 374, 1790, 810, 7524, 520, 503, 20831, 2785, 279, 33299, 4871, 279, 4604, 93591, 292, 7917, 11, 433, 753, 539, 5995, 369, 279, 13238, 21988, 311, 990, 627, 14235, 374, 1903, 709, 315, 17301, 323, 814, 2586, 304, 2204, 29416, 323, 27230, 1389, 505, 59141, 311, 37232, 85311, 13, 4427, 315, 1521, 17301, 649, 6847, 1522, 1555, 30614, 311, 636, 311, 701, 13238, 21988, 627, 791, 6913, 6037, 374, 11, 422, 499, 649, 1518, 701, 1450, 304, 4156, 315, 499, 2391, 53121, 4207, 11, 701, 13238, 21988, 527, 24038, 18200, 627, 22560, 11, 11422, 374, 264, 14964, 5933, 32981, 369, 701, 21988, 439, 279, 3090, 11623, 288, 904, 16174, 3201, 430, 1253, 387, 22978, 279, 3177, 3794, 311, 279, 7917, 627, 24762, 810, 922, 656, 13238, 21988, 990, 389, 74649, 2919, 627, 22186, 264, 13238, 1887, 990, 520, 3814, 5380, 8142, 279, 21988, 527, 12153, 311, 7068, 18200, 520, 3814, 11, 6067, 527, 3025, 311, 3637, 18200, 304, 27360, 477, 499, 649, 743, 709, 264, 16147, 22981, 65776, 320, 79859, 705, 449, 701, 4907, 19353, 627, 33775, 5942, 1511, 311, 387, 264, 1633, 5107, 3245, 311, 636, 1314, 11, 719, 279, 5557, 706, 2586, 389, 779, 1790, 304, 279, 1566, 13515, 430, 27360, 527, 18189, 304, 3430, 1418, 7859, 304, 15374, 627, 13622, 5410, 27360, 690, 37875, 1629, 279, 3838, 25402, 779, 1317, 439, 499, 7784, 1431, 19994, 709, 682, 3814, 17677, 323, 1701, 9249, 82467, 627, 29132, 264, 11863, 304, 701, 1887, 1101, 15455, 701, 12782, 43972, 555, 459, 5578, 315, 220, 15, 13, 2983, 20181, 264, 1060, 627, 4438, 1317, 656, 13238, 21988, 1566, 5380, 13622, 17032, 15803, 21988, 369, 709, 311, 220, 914, 1667, 719, 814, 649, 1566, 369, 927, 220, 19, 11026, 198, 36793, 2053, 617, 912, 7366, 5596, 779, 904, 5435, 690, 1193, 2586, 505, 3060, 5674, 477, 1148, 374, 3967, 439, 53568, 1389, 902, 3445, 430, 279, 4604, 93591, 292, 7917, 1212, 311, 3451, 23581, 704, 529, 323, 3719, 2753, 11297, 627, 28528, 505, 279, 5165, 93438, 12634, 32184, 304, 279, 2326, 706, 1766, 430, 13238, 21988, 617, 264, 23369, 53568, 4478, 315, 2212, 220, 15, 13, 20, 4, 264, 1060, 13, 1115, 4478, 649, 5376, 304, 80005, 5961, 719, 11, 1618, 304, 279, 6560, 11, 584, 649, 1005, 420, 439, 264, 5128, 1695, 8641, 627, 791, 21988, 690, 387, 279, 961, 315, 701, 1887, 430, 40758, 279, 22807, 323, 11, 433, 753, 5922, 27401, 11, 430, 814, 690, 617, 7318, 369, 5694, 1306, 2212, 220, 20, 1667, 627, 4897, 3445, 499, 527, 3794, 927, 220, 508, 1667, 315, 16655, 4907, 5788, 1603, 499, 1205, 311, 1781, 922, 25935, 701, 21988, 627, 24762, 810, 922, 1268, 1317, 13238, 21988, 1566, 627, 4438, 656, 13238, 21988, 990, 449, 279, 5950, 5380, 2675, 690, 1193, 1005, 922, 220, 1135, 4, 315, 279, 18200, 8066, 2391, 279, 4207, 315, 40120, 11, 779, 433, 753, 264, 1695, 4623, 311, 656, 2555, 449, 1148, 374, 2163, 927, 627, 4516, 11, 1148, 656, 499, 656, 422, 499, 7784, 1431, 1701, 11863, 5942, 5380, 11649, 11, 439, 584, 617, 8767, 9932, 11, 499, 649, 1101, 1005, 264, 4272, 23819, 287, 9306, 477, 264, 16147, 22981, 65776, 320, 79859, 8, 439, 814, 527, 3967, 304, 279, 6560, 627, 644, 279, 45648, 315, 3878, 11, 420, 374, 459, 9306, 499, 1304, 449, 459, 4907, 19353, 311, 4662, 1124, 701, 13937, 18200, 1389, 279, 3300, 8066, 505, 430, 690, 733, 7119, 12798, 701, 19353, 369, 904, 2410, 499, 1005, 1306, 51682, 785, 477, 7833, 1139, 701, 6201, 627, 2181, 753, 2744, 264, 1695, 4623, 311, 3495, 902, 20972, 527, 10209, 279, 1888, 7969, 439, 433, 690, 1782, 505, 2883, 311, 2883, 323, 1455, 690, 3041, 499, 264, 2731, 4478, 422, 499, 527, 2736, 264, 6130, 13, 128001 ]
1 Spectra: how we learned what stars are made of Back in Week 3 you learned about a technique called spectroscopy. This is the way that astronomers use light to determine the presence of chemicals in the atmosphere of an object. In Week 3, you learned about doing this for a star – but it works just as well for planets. Remember, this is what the spectrum of the Sun looks like: When the light from the Sun is split up into its constituent colours, some of those colours are missing because gases in the outer regions of the Sun absorb those specific wavelengths of light, stopping them from making their way to us. In Week 3, you learned about using the precise positions of the dark absorption lines in a star’s spectrum to measure the ‘wobble’ of a star with a planet in orbit. But long before astronomers searched for exoplanets, these lines were used to learn about what stars are made of. In the early 1800s, scientist Joseph Fraunhofer made very careful measurements of the positions of the black lines in the Sun’s spectrum. Later that century, Sir William Huggins matched measurements of dark lines in other stars with the known absorption features of substances that had been studied on Earth: modern astronomical spectroscopy was born. As you learned in Week 3, this was how helium was discovered: after all the lines had been matched up with the chemicals known on Earth, a few lines seen in the spectrum of the Sun and in the spectra of other stars remained. These lines were due to helium. You studied different types of star in Week 4. These different types of star are distinguished from each other by their spectra. Stars of different temperatures have absorption lines due to different gases. Stars were first categorised in this way in the early twentieth century, with most of the work being undertaken by Annie Jump Cannon, one of the earliest recognised female astronomers. The dark absorption lines in the spectra in Figure 2 can be identified as belonging to various gases. As the stars get cooler, you can see that the number of lines changes, and also the overall colour of the star changes. Hot O stars are much bluer and have fewer lines, whereas the coolest M stars are redder and have lots of lines. In fact, a great deal of the light that M stars emit is so red that we can’t actually see it at all.	495	[ 128000, 16, 27726, 969, 25, 1268, 584, 9687, 1148, 9958, 527, 1903, 315, 198, 3792, 304, 10563, 220, 18, 499, 9687, 922, 264, 15105, 2663, 66425, 51856, 13, 1115, 374, 279, 1648, 430, 87887, 1005, 3177, 311, 8417, 279, 9546, 315, 26333, 304, 279, 16975, 315, 459, 1665, 13, 763, 10563, 220, 18, 11, 499, 9687, 922, 3815, 420, 369, 264, 6917, 1389, 719, 433, 4375, 1120, 439, 1664, 369, 33975, 627, 29690, 11, 420, 374, 1148, 279, 20326, 315, 279, 8219, 5992, 1093, 512, 4599, 279, 3177, 505, 279, 8219, 374, 6859, 709, 1139, 1202, 75164, 27230, 11, 1063, 315, 1884, 27230, 527, 7554, 1606, 45612, 304, 279, 16335, 13918, 315, 279, 8219, 35406, 1884, 3230, 93959, 315, 3177, 11, 23351, 1124, 505, 3339, 872, 1648, 311, 603, 627, 644, 10563, 220, 18, 11, 499, 9687, 922, 1701, 279, 24473, 10093, 315, 279, 6453, 44225, 5238, 304, 264, 6917, 753, 20326, 311, 6767, 279, 3451, 86, 96950, 529, 315, 264, 6917, 449, 264, 11841, 304, 27605, 13, 2030, 1317, 1603, 87887, 27600, 369, 506, 94560, 1441, 11, 1521, 5238, 1051, 1511, 311, 4048, 922, 1148, 9958, 527, 1903, 315, 13, 763, 279, 4216, 220, 5245, 15, 82, 11, 28568, 15466, 23534, 359, 6292, 809, 1903, 1633, 16994, 22323, 315, 279, 10093, 315, 279, 3776, 5238, 304, 279, 8219, 753, 20326, 13, 25929, 430, 9478, 11, 17177, 12656, 473, 2661, 1354, 18545, 22323, 315, 6453, 5238, 304, 1023, 9958, 449, 279, 3967, 44225, 4519, 315, 33155, 430, 1047, 1027, 20041, 389, 9420, 25, 6617, 87283, 66425, 51856, 574, 9405, 13, 1666, 499, 9687, 304, 10563, 220, 18, 11, 420, 574, 1268, 97607, 574, 11352, 25, 1306, 682, 279, 5238, 1047, 1027, 18545, 709, 449, 279, 26333, 3967, 389, 9420, 11, 264, 2478, 5238, 3970, 304, 279, 20326, 315, 279, 8219, 323, 304, 279, 63697, 315, 1023, 9958, 14958, 13, 4314, 5238, 1051, 4245, 311, 97607, 627, 2675, 20041, 2204, 4595, 315, 6917, 304, 10563, 220, 19, 13, 4314, 2204, 4595, 315, 6917, 527, 39575, 505, 1855, 1023, 555, 872, 63697, 13, 25676, 315, 2204, 20472, 617, 44225, 5238, 4245, 311, 2204, 45612, 13, 25676, 1051, 1176, 22824, 4147, 304, 420, 1648, 304, 279, 4216, 62520, 9478, 11, 449, 1455, 315, 279, 990, 1694, 45179, 555, 53089, 29888, 51823, 11, 832, 315, 279, 30758, 39764, 8954, 87887, 627, 791, 6453, 44225, 5238, 304, 279, 63697, 304, 19575, 220, 17, 649, 387, 11054, 439, 33152, 311, 5370, 45612, 13, 1666, 279, 9958, 636, 36921, 11, 499, 649, 1518, 430, 279, 1396, 315, 5238, 4442, 11, 323, 1101, 279, 8244, 12745, 315, 279, 6917, 4442, 13, 8166, 507, 9958, 527, 1790, 1529, 8977, 323, 617, 17162, 5238, 11, 20444, 279, 74534, 386, 9958, 527, 63244, 261, 323, 617, 10283, 315, 5238, 13, 763, 2144, 11, 264, 2294, 3568, 315, 279, 3177, 430, 386, 9958, 17105, 374, 779, 2579, 430, 584, 649, 1431, 3604, 1518, 433, 520, 682, 13, 128001 ]
My first attempt at Morbid Horror. She is waiting for Erik. He will come back, he has to. So she will wait. If only it would stop moving. She has to make it stop. A completed one-shot piece. Disclaimer: I do not own any of the characters, etc. A/N: This is my first attempt at a morbid/horror story, in any category. So please be gentle with me, OK? I just figured 'hey, why not? Haven't tried that yet' and this is the result. Don't be afraid to tell me if it's crap, that's what you're there for! Also, Raoul lovers will went to press the back button now. She had been sitting here for so long, that she could not remember her name. All she knew was that she was waiting for Erik. She was always waiting for him. One day he would come back. She didn't know when, but she would be waiting here, by the water. She couldn't remember his name either. All she knew was that this was where Erik lived and that he would come back one day. She had waited for the angry men to leave and they had eventually. There was plenty to look at down here. Plenty. Papers and books and music. And the thing in the corner. She didn't look very closely anymore, it wasn't nice. It smelled odd as well. But she didn't touch it. It was Erik's and he might be angry if she had touched it without asking. So she had left it, just watching it occasionally, just to make sure that it wasn't moving anymore. It had moved at first but she had stopped the moving. It hadn't been hard. Sometimes it would move but she usually managed to make it stop. One day she would figure out how to do it so it would never move again. Why was Erik taking so long? When would he back? She had thought about going to find him, but it was easier to sit here and wait. After all, what if she went to find him and he came back? What was her name? It seemed important that she should remember this. But she couldn't think for the life of her what it was. Erik would know. He knew everything. He would know what to do with the thing in the corner. She sighed and looked around. She wanted Erik. Wanted him to come back. She didn't like being alone here, without a name. Everyone needed a name. The thing was moving again! She sat up straight and watched it. It was moaning and there was blood all over the place. What could she do to stop the moaning? She had to do something. Erik would want her to do something, she was sure! She moved carefully over to the thing. It looked up at her with bleary eyes. "Christine… Christine, what are you doing?" Christine… that was it! That was her name! She smiled, remembering and the thing smiled back. "Untie me, Christine." "You have to stop moving." She told the thing firmly. The thing nodded. "Alright. Untie me and we can get away from here." "Erik won't want you to move. You have to stop moving." She told it. It stared at her. She turned and looked around. There! The piece of rope that Erik used to use. She went to fetch it. When Erik used it, it stopped things moving. He would be pleased that she had learnt how to use it. She picked it up and moved over to the thing. It was watching her. She frowned. She didn't like to be watched, she didn't! She had to make it stop! "Christine, untie me. Please… I'm hurt." The thing said. She didn't like it using her name, not know that she had remembered what it was. Christine, she had to remember that. She bent down and put the rope around the things neck. It tried to move, but it was tied too tightly. That was good. It would make it easier. "Christine, stop! Stop, what are you doing?" "You have to stop. You have to!" she told it angrily. And then she began to pull on the rope. How strange, the thing was changing colour. It was going very dark. "Christine… stop… it is me, it is Rao-" She pulled as hard as she could and there was a crack. She looked over at the thing. It had stopped moving. That was good! But it was still staring at her. She frowned and moved over to it, pushing its head away. The head moved very easily and it was soon facing a different way. She took the rope off of the thing and folded it carefully, putting it back where she had found it. And then she went to sit by the water again. Yes, she had to remember that. After all, what would Erik think if he came back and she had forgotten again? Yes, she would remember this time. And she continued to wait, remembering that her name was Christine.	1,087	[ 128000, 5159, 1176, 4879, 520, 8613, 21301, 52812, 13, 3005, 374, 8748, 369, 42446, 13, 1283, 690, 2586, 1203, 11, 568, 706, 311, 13, 2100, 1364, 690, 3868, 13, 1442, 1193, 433, 1053, 3009, 7366, 13, 3005, 706, 311, 1304, 433, 3009, 13, 362, 8308, 832, 64630, 6710, 627, 52125, 25, 358, 656, 539, 1866, 904, 315, 279, 5885, 11, 5099, 627, 32, 20906, 25, 1115, 374, 856, 1176, 4879, 520, 264, 4411, 21301, 7682, 269, 7787, 3446, 11, 304, 904, 5699, 13, 2100, 4587, 387, 22443, 449, 757, 11, 10619, 30, 358, 1120, 25720, 364, 36661, 11, 3249, 539, 30, 42714, 956, 6818, 430, 3686, 6, 323, 420, 374, 279, 1121, 13, 4418, 956, 387, 16984, 311, 3371, 757, 422, 433, 596, 36650, 11, 430, 596, 1148, 499, 2351, 1070, 369, 0, 7429, 11, 18989, 11206, 33218, 690, 4024, 311, 3577, 279, 1203, 3215, 1457, 627, 8100, 1047, 1027, 11961, 1618, 369, 779, 1317, 11, 430, 1364, 1436, 539, 6227, 1077, 836, 627, 2460, 1364, 7020, 574, 430, 1364, 574, 8748, 369, 42446, 13, 3005, 574, 2744, 8748, 369, 1461, 627, 4054, 1938, 568, 1053, 2586, 1203, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1440, 994, 11, 719, 1364, 1053, 387, 8748, 1618, 11, 555, 279, 3090, 627, 8100, 7846, 956, 6227, 813, 836, 3060, 13, 2052, 1364, 7020, 574, 430, 420, 574, 1405, 42446, 12439, 323, 430, 568, 1053, 2586, 1203, 832, 1938, 627, 8100, 1047, 30315, 369, 279, 19021, 3026, 311, 5387, 323, 814, 1047, 9778, 627, 3947, 574, 11510, 311, 1427, 520, 1523, 1618, 13, 69489, 13, 45231, 323, 6603, 323, 4731, 13, 1628, 279, 3245, 304, 279, 9309, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1427, 1633, 15499, 14926, 11, 433, 5828, 956, 6555, 13, 1102, 86798, 10535, 439, 1664, 627, 4071, 1364, 3287, 956, 5916, 433, 13, 1102, 574, 42446, 596, 323, 568, 2643, 387, 19021, 422, 1364, 1047, 24891, 433, 2085, 10371, 13, 2100, 1364, 1047, 2163, 433, 11, 1120, 10307, 433, 23781, 11, 1120, 311, 1304, 2771, 430, 433, 5828, 956, 7366, 14926, 13, 1102, 1047, 7882, 520, 1176, 719, 1364, 1047, 10717, 279, 7366, 13, 1102, 19117, 956, 1027, 2653, 13, 18156, 433, 1053, 3351, 719, 1364, 6118, 9152, 311, 1304, 433, 3009, 13, 3861, 1938, 1364, 1053, 7216, 704, 1268, 311, 656, 433, 779, 433, 1053, 2646, 3351, 1578, 627, 10445, 574, 42446, 4737, 779, 1317, 30, 3277, 1053, 568, 1203, 30, 3005, 1047, 3463, 922, 2133, 311, 1505, 1461, 11, 719, 433, 574, 8831, 311, 2503, 1618, 323, 3868, 13, 4740, 682, 11, 1148, 422, 1364, 4024, 311, 1505, 1461, 323, 568, 3782, 1203, 5380, 3923, 574, 1077, 836, 30, 1102, 9508, 3062, 430, 1364, 1288, 6227, 420, 13, 2030, 1364, 7846, 956, 1781, 369, 279, 2324, 315, 1077, 1148, 433, 574, 13, 42446, 1053, 1440, 13, 1283, 7020, 4395, 13, 1283, 1053, 1440, 1148, 311, 656, 449, 279, 3245, 304, 279, 9309, 627, 8100, 53914, 323, 7111, 2212, 13, 3005, 4934, 42446, 13, 67710, 1461, 311, 2586, 1203, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1093, 1694, 7636, 1618, 11, 2085, 264, 836, 13, 22172, 4460, 264, 836, 627, 791, 3245, 574, 7366, 1578, 4999, 8100, 7731, 709, 7833, 323, 15746, 433, 13, 1102, 574, 4647, 44159, 323, 1070, 574, 6680, 682, 927, 279, 2035, 13, 3639, 1436, 1364, 656, 311, 3009, 279, 4647, 44159, 30, 3005, 1047, 311, 656, 2555, 13, 42446, 1053, 1390, 1077, 311, 656, 2555, 11, 1364, 574, 2771, 4999, 8100, 7882, 15884, 927, 311, 279, 3245, 13, 1102, 7111, 709, 520, 1077, 449, 12704, 661, 6548, 627, 1, 19875, 483, 1981, 46993, 11, 1148, 527, 499, 3815, 48469, 19875, 483, 1981, 430, 574, 433, 0, 3011, 574, 1077, 836, 0, 3005, 31645, 11, 48384, 323, 279, 3245, 31645, 1203, 627, 1, 20863, 648, 757, 11, 46993, 10246, 22336, 617, 311, 3009, 7366, 1210, 3005, 3309, 279, 3245, 32620, 13, 578, 3245, 36065, 627, 1, 72586, 13, 15448, 648, 757, 323, 584, 649, 636, 3201, 505, 1618, 10246, 78299, 21042, 2834, 956, 1390, 499, 311, 3351, 13, 1472, 617, 311, 3009, 7366, 1210, 3005, 3309, 433, 13, 1102, 45135, 520, 1077, 627, 8100, 6656, 323, 7111, 2212, 13, 2684, 0, 578, 6710, 315, 34520, 430, 42446, 1511, 311, 1005, 13, 3005, 4024, 311, 7963, 433, 13, 3277, 42446, 1511, 433, 11, 433, 10717, 2574, 7366, 13, 1283, 1053, 387, 18949, 430, 1364, 1047, 50350, 1268, 311, 1005, 433, 627, 8100, 13061, 433, 709, 323, 7882, 927, 311, 279, 3245, 13, 1102, 574, 10307, 1077, 13, 3005, 77459, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1093, 311, 387, 15746, 11, 1364, 3287, 956, 0, 3005, 1047, 311, 1304, 433, 3009, 4999, 1, 19875, 483, 11, 13365, 648, 757, 13, 5321, 1981, 358, 2846, 13194, 1210, 578, 3245, 1071, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1093, 433, 1701, 1077, 836, 11, 539, 1440, 430, 1364, 1047, 27569, 1148, 433, 574, 13, 46993, 11, 1364, 1047, 311, 6227, 430, 627, 8100, 30280, 1523, 323, 2231, 279, 34520, 2212, 279, 2574, 13272, 13, 1102, 6818, 311, 3351, 11, 719, 433, 574, 17791, 2288, 40069, 13, 3011, 574, 1695, 13, 1102, 1053, 1304, 433, 8831, 627, 1, 19875, 483, 11, 3009, 0, 14549, 11, 1148, 527, 499, 3815, 48469, 22336, 617, 311, 3009, 13, 1472, 617, 311, 9135, 1364, 3309, 433, 87625, 627, 3112, 1243, 1364, 6137, 311, 6958, 389, 279, 34520, 13, 2650, 15234, 11, 279, 3245, 574, 10223, 12745, 13, 1102, 574, 2133, 1633, 6453, 627, 1, 19875, 483, 1981, 3009, 1981, 433, 374, 757, 11, 433, 374, 89000, 12, 702, 8100, 13541, 439, 2653, 439, 1364, 1436, 323, 1070, 574, 264, 17944, 13, 3005, 7111, 927, 520, 279, 3245, 13, 1102, 1047, 10717, 7366, 13, 3011, 574, 1695, 0, 2030, 433, 574, 2103, 37874, 520, 1077, 13, 3005, 77459, 323, 7882, 927, 311, 433, 11, 17919, 1202, 2010, 3201, 13, 578, 2010, 7882, 1633, 6847, 323, 433, 574, 5246, 13176, 264, 2204, 1648, 627, 8100, 3952, 279, 34520, 1022, 315, 279, 3245, 323, 48135, 433, 15884, 11, 10917, 433, 1203, 1405, 1364, 1047, 1766, 433, 13, 1628, 1243, 1364, 4024, 311, 2503, 555, 279, 3090, 1578, 627, 9642, 11, 1364, 1047, 311, 6227, 430, 13, 4740, 682, 11, 1148, 1053, 42446, 1781, 422, 568, 3782, 1203, 323, 1364, 1047, 25565, 1578, 30, 220, 7566, 11, 1364, 1053, 6227, 420, 892, 627, 3112, 1364, 8738, 311, 3868, 11, 48384, 430, 1077, 836, 574, 46993, 13, 128001 ]
A chlorine atom forms a chloride ion by gaining an electron to achieve a stable octet. This process results in the chlorine atom attaining a full outer electron shell and becoming negatively charged as a chloride ion. Chlorine, one of the most abundant chemical elements on Earth, is crucial for various industrial and consumer applications. From water purification to the production of plastics and pharmaceuticals, chlorine plays a significant role in countless processes. Understanding how a chlorine atom forms a chloride ion is fundamental to comprehending the behavior and properties of this essential element. Through gaining insight into the electron transfer mechanism, we can grasp the physiological and chemical impacts of chloride ions on living organisms and the environment. Moreover, exploring this transformation can shed light on the broader concept of ion formation, contributing to the advancement of various scientific and industrial fields. Essential Concepts In Chemistry In chemistry, a chlorine atom can form a chloride ion through a process known as oxidation and reduction. Understanding the concept of atoms and ions is crucial in comprehending this phenomenon. Electrons play a vital role in the bonding of atoms, particularly when it comes to the formation of ions. When a chlorine atom gains an electron, it transforms into a chloride ion by completing its valence shell. This process is essential in the context of oxidation and reduction, as it involves the transfer of electrons between atoms. This fundamental chemistry principle is crucial in various chemical reactions and has profound implications in fields such as environmental science, biochemistry, and industrial processes. Chlorine Atom’s Electron Affinity The electron affinity of a chlorine atom refers to the energy change that occurs when a gaseous atom gains an electron to form a chloride ion. It is a measure of the atom’s ability to attract additional electrons. Chlorine has a high electron affinity, indicating a strong tendency to gain an electron. The electron affinity of chlorine is a crucial factor in various chemical reactions and plays a significant role in the formation of ionic compounds. This property influences the reactivity and behavior of chlorine in different chemical environments, making it an important consideration in the study of chemical bonding and reactions. Atomic Structure And Stability Chlorine, with an atomic number of 17 and an electron configuration of [Ne]3s^23p^5, seeks to achieve a stable octet by gaining one electron. This electronic structure reflects the element’s reactivity and the formation of chloride ions, as it only requires gaining a single electron to reach a stable configuration. The addition of an extra electron allows chlorine to achieve the stable electron configuration of argon, fulfilling the octet rule. This reactivity is fundamental to understanding the behavior of chlorine atoms, particularly in the formation of chloride ions. The Ionic Bond Formation Process When a chlorine atom gains an electron, it forms a chloride ion through the process of ionic bond formation. The first step in this transformation involves the chlorine atom, which has seven valence electrons, accepting an additional electron to achieve a full valence shell. This results in the formation of a chloride ion with a negative charge, balancing the positive charge of the nucleus. During this process, energy is released as the electron is added to the outer electron shell. The energy changes associated with this ion formation ultimately contribute to the stability of the resulting chloride ion. The Chloride Ion In Nature Chloride ions play a crucial role in various biological systems, serving as a key component in the maintenance of fluid balance and as a crucial part of the digestive process. In terms of industrial applications, chloride ions are widely utilized in the production of numerous essential chemicals and materials, including PVC, cleaning products, and pharmaceuticals. The ability of a chlorine atom to form a chloride ion is integral to many natural processes and industrial processes, contributing significantly to the diverse applications and functions within both biological and industrial settings. Chemical Reactions Involving Chloride Ions Chloride ions, denoted as Cl-, are essential in various chemical reactions. When a chlorine atom gains an electron, it forms a chloride ion via oxidation. Common reactions involving chloride ions include their participation in ionic bonding with sodium ions to create sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. Additionally, chloride ions are crucial in electrolysis, where they undergo displacement reactions to form chlorine gas and hydroxide ions. The role of chloride ions in this process is vital for several industrial applications, including the production of chlorine and hydrogen. Furthermore, chloride ions also interact with various metals to form ionic compounds, demonstrating their versatile nature in chemical reactions. Frequently Asked Questions Of How Does A Chlorine Atom Form A Chloride Ion What Process Changes A Chlorine Atom Into A Chloride Ion? A chlorine atom becomes a chloride ion by gaining one electron. This creates a negatively charged chloride ion. How Is A Chloride Ion Produced? A chloride ion is produced when a chlorine atom gains an electron. This forms a negatively charged chloride ion. How Did Chlorine Become Chloride? Chlorine becomes chloride when it gains an electron, turning into a negatively charged ion. This transformation occurs during the process of chemical reactions. Why Does Chlorine Gain An Electron To Become A Chloride Ion? Chlorine gains an electron to become a chloride ion because it needs to achieve a stable electron configuration. This process allows it to attain a full outer electron shell. Understanding the process of how a chlorine atom forms a chloride ion is crucial in chemistry. It plays a vital role in various applications, from water treatment to the production of everyday products. By delving into the intricate mechanisms of this transformation, we can gain valuable insights that can shape advancements in various fields.	1,167	[ 128000, 32, 85206, 19670, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 555, 30240, 459, 17130, 311, 11322, 264, 15528, 18998, 295, 13, 1115, 1920, 3135, 304, 279, 85206, 19670, 1651, 2101, 264, 2539, 16335, 17130, 12811, 323, 10671, 48291, 11684, 439, 264, 82882, 28772, 627, 1163, 9761, 483, 11, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 44611, 11742, 5540, 389, 9420, 11, 374, 16996, 369, 5370, 13076, 323, 11761, 8522, 13, 5659, 3090, 94536, 311, 279, 5788, 315, 68386, 323, 35410, 82, 11, 85206, 11335, 264, 5199, 3560, 304, 28701, 11618, 13, 46551, 1268, 264, 85206, 19670, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 374, 16188, 311, 12963, 2518, 279, 7865, 323, 6012, 315, 420, 7718, 2449, 627, 24798, 30240, 20616, 1139, 279, 17130, 8481, 17383, 11, 584, 649, 34477, 279, 53194, 323, 11742, 25949, 315, 82882, 65125, 389, 5496, 44304, 323, 279, 4676, 13, 23674, 11, 24919, 420, 18475, 649, 25351, 3177, 389, 279, 27927, 7434, 315, 28772, 18488, 11, 29820, 311, 279, 50925, 315, 5370, 12624, 323, 13076, 5151, 627, 38538, 2335, 76872, 763, 42846, 198, 644, 30903, 11, 264, 85206, 19670, 649, 1376, 264, 82882, 28772, 1555, 264, 1920, 3967, 439, 71162, 323, 14278, 13, 46551, 279, 7434, 315, 33299, 323, 65125, 374, 16996, 304, 12963, 2518, 420, 25885, 13, 10085, 26692, 1514, 264, 16595, 3560, 304, 279, 64186, 315, 33299, 11, 8104, 994, 433, 4131, 311, 279, 18488, 315, 65125, 13, 3277, 264, 85206, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 11, 433, 29575, 1139, 264, 82882, 28772, 555, 27666, 1202, 1062, 768, 12811, 13, 1115, 1920, 374, 7718, 304, 279, 2317, 315, 71162, 323, 14278, 11, 439, 433, 18065, 279, 8481, 315, 57678, 1990, 33299, 13, 1115, 16188, 30903, 17966, 374, 16996, 304, 5370, 11742, 25481, 323, 706, 28254, 25127, 304, 5151, 1778, 439, 12434, 8198, 11, 17332, 52755, 11, 323, 13076, 11618, 627, 1163, 9761, 483, 40616, 753, 77976, 9947, 13797, 198, 791, 17130, 51552, 315, 264, 85206, 19670, 19813, 311, 279, 4907, 2349, 430, 13980, 994, 264, 342, 521, 788, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 311, 1376, 264, 82882, 28772, 13, 1102, 374, 264, 6767, 315, 279, 19670, 753, 5845, 311, 9504, 5217, 57678, 13, 92479, 483, 706, 264, 1579, 17130, 51552, 11, 19392, 264, 3831, 31954, 311, 8895, 459, 17130, 13, 578, 17130, 51552, 315, 85206, 374, 264, 16996, 8331, 304, 5370, 11742, 25481, 323, 11335, 264, 5199, 3560, 304, 279, 18488, 315, 220, 21427, 32246, 13, 1115, 3424, 34453, 279, 312, 7323, 323, 7865, 315, 85206, 304, 2204, 11742, 22484, 11, 3339, 433, 459, 3062, 18361, 304, 279, 4007, 315, 11742, 64186, 323, 25481, 627, 66957, 29696, 1628, 81238, 198, 1163, 9761, 483, 11, 449, 459, 25524, 1396, 315, 220, 1114, 323, 459, 17130, 6683, 315, 510, 8989, 60, 18, 82, 61, 1419, 79, 61, 20, 11, 26737, 311, 11322, 264, 15528, 18998, 295, 555, 30240, 832, 17130, 13, 1115, 14683, 6070, 27053, 279, 2449, 753, 312, 7323, 323, 279, 18488, 315, 82882, 65125, 11, 439, 433, 1193, 7612, 30240, 264, 3254, 17130, 311, 5662, 264, 15528, 6683, 13, 578, 5369, 315, 459, 5066, 17130, 6276, 85206, 311, 11322, 279, 15528, 17130, 6683, 315, 1417, 263, 11, 50698, 279, 18998, 295, 6037, 13, 1115, 312, 7323, 374, 16188, 311, 8830, 279, 7865, 315, 85206, 33299, 11, 8104, 304, 279, 18488, 315, 82882, 65125, 627, 791, 40674, 24537, 72466, 8773, 198, 4599, 264, 85206, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 11, 433, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 1555, 279, 1920, 315, 220, 21427, 11049, 18488, 13, 578, 1176, 3094, 304, 420, 18475, 18065, 279, 85206, 19670, 11, 902, 706, 8254, 1062, 768, 57678, 11, 25694, 459, 5217, 17130, 311, 11322, 264, 2539, 1062, 768, 12811, 13, 1115, 3135, 304, 279, 18488, 315, 264, 82882, 28772, 449, 264, 8389, 6900, 11, 44463, 279, 6928, 6900, 315, 279, 62607, 13, 12220, 420, 1920, 11, 4907, 374, 6004, 439, 279, 17130, 374, 3779, 311, 279, 16335, 17130, 12811, 13, 578, 4907, 4442, 5938, 449, 420, 28772, 18488, 13967, 17210, 311, 279, 20334, 315, 279, 13239, 82882, 28772, 627, 791, 92479, 579, 45905, 763, 22037, 198, 1163, 9761, 579, 65125, 1514, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 5370, 24156, 6067, 11, 13788, 439, 264, 1401, 3777, 304, 279, 13709, 315, 15962, 8335, 323, 439, 264, 16996, 961, 315, 279, 60071, 1920, 13, 763, 3878, 315, 13076, 8522, 11, 82882, 65125, 527, 13882, 34716, 304, 279, 5788, 315, 12387, 7718, 26333, 323, 7384, 11, 2737, 50966, 11, 16204, 3956, 11, 323, 35410, 82, 13, 578, 5845, 315, 264, 85206, 19670, 311, 1376, 264, 82882, 28772, 374, 26154, 311, 1690, 5933, 11618, 323, 13076, 11618, 11, 29820, 12207, 311, 279, 17226, 8522, 323, 5865, 2949, 2225, 24156, 323, 13076, 5110, 627, 64938, 950, 1050, 4109, 763, 12821, 4504, 92479, 579, 358, 2439, 198, 1163, 9761, 579, 65125, 11, 3453, 9437, 439, 2493, 37619, 527, 7718, 304, 5370, 11742, 25481, 13, 3277, 264, 85206, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 11, 433, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 4669, 71162, 13, 7874, 25481, 16239, 82882, 65125, 2997, 872, 20852, 304, 220, 21427, 64186, 449, 39695, 65125, 311, 1893, 39695, 82882, 11, 17037, 3967, 439, 2007, 12290, 13, 23212, 11, 82882, 65125, 527, 16996, 304, 73396, 14744, 11, 1405, 814, 37771, 44153, 25481, 311, 1376, 85206, 6962, 323, 17055, 87, 579, 65125, 13, 578, 3560, 315, 82882, 65125, 304, 420, 1920, 374, 16595, 369, 3892, 13076, 8522, 11, 2737, 279, 5788, 315, 85206, 323, 35784, 13, 24296, 11, 82882, 65125, 1101, 16681, 449, 5370, 37182, 311, 1376, 220, 21427, 32246, 11, 45296, 872, 33045, 7138, 304, 11742, 25481, 627, 37, 70941, 53763, 24271, 5046, 2650, 12838, 362, 92479, 483, 40616, 3459, 362, 92479, 579, 45905, 198, 3923, 8773, 29240, 362, 92479, 483, 40616, 32745, 362, 92479, 579, 45905, 5380, 32, 85206, 19670, 9221, 264, 82882, 28772, 555, 30240, 832, 17130, 13, 1115, 11705, 264, 48291, 11684, 82882, 28772, 627, 4438, 2209, 362, 92479, 579, 45905, 88365, 5380, 32, 82882, 28772, 374, 9124, 994, 264, 85206, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 13, 1115, 7739, 264, 48291, 11684, 82882, 28772, 627, 4438, 14910, 92479, 483, 51378, 92479, 579, 5380, 1163, 9761, 483, 9221, 82882, 994, 433, 20192, 459, 17130, 11, 13353, 1139, 264, 48291, 11684, 28772, 13, 1115, 18475, 13980, 2391, 279, 1920, 315, 11742, 25481, 627, 10445, 12838, 92479, 483, 50809, 1556, 77976, 2057, 51378, 362, 92479, 579, 45905, 5380, 1163, 9761, 483, 20192, 459, 17130, 311, 3719, 264, 82882, 28772, 1606, 433, 3966, 311, 11322, 264, 15528, 17130, 6683, 13, 1115, 1920, 6276, 433, 311, 36861, 264, 2539, 16335, 17130, 12811, 627, 71251, 279, 1920, 315, 1268, 264, 85206, 19670, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 374, 16996, 304, 30903, 13, 1102, 11335, 264, 16595, 3560, 304, 5370, 8522, 11, 505, 3090, 6514, 311, 279, 5788, 315, 18254, 3956, 13, 3296, 1624, 4504, 1139, 279, 57216, 24717, 315, 420, 18475, 11, 584, 649, 8895, 15525, 26793, 430, 649, 6211, 83787, 304, 5370, 5151, 13, 128001 ]
This is one of the main reasons I never dared to wear it, even though I don't really post many photos online and they are never close up anyways, but from what I've seen over the years (both online and irl) I have a feeling that being a hijabi means that every single step (be it a mistake or not) of yours will be judged even more harshly than a non-hijabi's, let alone a muslim man's. It's almost as if you get put under a microscope because of the hijab and are expected to be perfect and sinless As much as some people are trying to push it, I never liked the resistance towards the "Who are you to judge someone?" because of this. Not everyone is competent to give advice for example like those "Better take it off/You aren't a real muslim/Jahannam is waiting for you" people who feel entitled to comment. People have their insecurities and some even struggle with themselves, their past, their sins etc. and then someone who doesn't know their circumstances comes and isults them, making them let go of maybe the last rope of islam they were hanging on to	244	[ 128000, 2028, 374, 832, 315, 279, 1925, 8125, 358, 2646, 76035, 311, 10051, 433, 11, 1524, 3582, 358, 1541, 956, 2216, 1772, 1690, 7397, 2930, 323, 814, 527, 2646, 3345, 709, 63445, 11, 719, 505, 1148, 358, 3077, 3970, 927, 279, 1667, 320, 21704, 2930, 323, 220, 2881, 8, 358, 617, 264, 8430, 430, 1694, 264, 22130, 26140, 3445, 430, 1475, 3254, 3094, 320, 1395, 433, 264, 16930, 477, 539, 8, 315, 18821, 690, 387, 45487, 1524, 810, 25984, 398, 1109, 264, 2536, 2902, 3251, 26140, 596, 11, 1095, 7636, 264, 62056, 893, 596, 13, 1102, 596, 4661, 439, 422, 499, 636, 2231, 1234, 264, 73757, 1606, 315, 279, 22130, 370, 323, 527, 3685, 311, 387, 4832, 323, 7589, 1752, 271, 2170, 1790, 439, 1063, 1274, 527, 4560, 311, 4585, 433, 11, 358, 2646, 15262, 279, 13957, 7119, 279, 330, 15546, 527, 499, 311, 11913, 4423, 7673, 1606, 315, 420, 13, 2876, 5127, 374, 40883, 311, 3041, 9650, 369, 3187, 1093, 1884, 330, 56351, 1935, 433, 1022, 14, 2675, 7784, 956, 264, 1972, 62056, 32801, 1494, 1036, 309, 374, 8748, 369, 499, 1, 1274, 889, 2733, 20458, 311, 4068, 13, 9029, 617, 872, 54682, 31702, 323, 1063, 1524, 14993, 449, 5694, 11, 872, 3347, 11, 872, 40444, 5099, 13, 323, 1243, 4423, 889, 3250, 956, 1440, 872, 13463, 4131, 323, 374, 122761, 1124, 11, 3339, 1124, 1095, 733, 315, 7344, 279, 1566, 34520, 315, 374, 24705, 814, 1051, 21363, 389, 311, 128001 ]
import numpy as np # docs, examples: https://plotoptix.rnd.team from plotoptix import TkOptiX from plotoptix.materials import m_plastic from plotoptix.utils import simplex def main(): b = 7000 # number of curves n = 60 # number pf nodes per curve dt = 0.08 # nodes distance ofs = 50 * np.random.rand(3) inp = 5 * np.random.rand(b, 3, 4) - 2.5 for c in range(b): inp[c,1:,:3] = inp[c,0,:3] inp[c,:,0] = 1.75 # more spread in X inp[c,:,3] = ofs # sync the 4'th dim of the noise #print(inp) pos = np.zeros((b, n, 3), dtype=np.float32) r = np.zeros((b, n), dtype=np.float32) rnd = simplex(inp) #print(rnd) for t in range(n): rt = 2.0 (t+1) / (n+2) - 1 rt = 1 - rtrt r[:,t] = 0.07 rt * rt for c in range(b): mag = np.linalg.norm(rnd[c]) r[c,t] = 0.2 + 0.8 mag # modulate thickness rnd[c] = (dt/mag) * rnd[c] # normalize and scale the step size inp[c,:,:3] += rnd[c] # step in the field direction pos[c,t] = inp[c,0,:3] rnd = simplex(inp, rnd) # calculate noise at the next pos rt = TkOptiX(start_now=False) rt.set_param( min_accumulation_step=1, max_accumulation_frames=200, rt_timeout=100000 # accept lower fps ) exposure = 1.2; gamma = 1.8 rt.set_float("tonemap_exposure", exposure) rt.set_float("tonemap_gamma", gamma) rt.set_float("denoiser_blend", 0.25) rt.add_postproc("Denoiser") rt.setup_material("plastic", m_plastic) for c in range(b): if np.random.uniform() < 0.05: rt.set_data("c"+str(c), pos=pos[c], r=1.1r[c], c=[0.4, 0, 0], geom="BezierChain") else: rt.set_data("c"+str(c), pos=pos[c], r=r[c], c=0.94, geom="BezierChain", mat="plastic") rt.setup_camera("dof_cam", eye=[0, 0, 12], target=[0, 0, 0], fov=57, focal_scale=0.7, cam_type="DoF") rt.setup_light("l1", pos=[8, -3, 13], color=1.5np.array([0.99, 0.97, 0.93]), radius=5) rt.setup_light("l2", pos=[-17, -7, 5], u=[0, 0, -10], v=[0, 14, 0], color=1*np.array([0.25, 0.28, 0.35]), light_type="Parallelogram") rt.set_ambient([0.05, 0.07, 0.09]) rt.set_background(0) rt.show() print("done") if __name__ == '__main__': main()	1,306	[ 128000, 475, 8760, 439, 2660, 271, 2, 27437, 11, 10507, 25, 3788, 1129, 501, 2117, 418, 953, 1783, 303, 29063, 198, 1527, 628, 2117, 418, 953, 1179, 50260, 22078, 72, 55, 198, 1527, 628, 2117, 418, 953, 24585, 82, 1179, 296, 6451, 5174, 198, 1527, 628, 2117, 418, 953, 8576, 1179, 92751, 271, 755, 1925, 4019, 262, 293, 284, 220, 7007, 15, 256, 674, 1396, 315, 37033, 198, 262, 308, 284, 220, 1399, 257, 674, 1396, 28518, 7954, 824, 16029, 198, 262, 7748, 284, 220, 15, 13, 2318, 220, 674, 7954, 6138, 271, 262, 59161, 284, 220, 1135, 353, 2660, 7985, 15874, 7, 18, 340, 262, 33444, 284, 220, 20, 353, 2660, 7985, 15874, 1921, 11, 220, 18, 11, 220, 19, 8, 482, 220, 17, 13, 20, 198, 262, 369, 272, 304, 2134, 1921, 997, 286, 33444, 12729, 11, 16, 25, 8353, 18, 60, 284, 33444, 12729, 11, 15, 8353, 18, 933, 286, 33444, 12729, 25558, 15, 60, 11658, 220, 16, 13, 2075, 310, 674, 810, 9041, 304, 1630, 198, 286, 33444, 12729, 25558, 18, 60, 284, 59161, 1078, 674, 13105, 279, 220, 19, 956, 71, 5213, 315, 279, 12248, 198, 262, 674, 1374, 60703, 696, 262, 1153, 284, 2660, 13064, 1209, 65, 11, 308, 11, 220, 18, 705, 13534, 17874, 16304, 843, 340, 262, 436, 284, 2660, 13064, 1209, 65, 11, 308, 705, 13534, 17874, 16304, 843, 696, 262, 38293, 284, 92751, 60703, 340, 262, 674, 1374, 2666, 303, 696, 262, 369, 259, 304, 2134, 1471, 997, 286, 17091, 284, 220, 17, 13, 15, 353, 320, 83, 10, 16, 8, 611, 320, 77, 10, 17, 8, 482, 220, 16, 198, 286, 17091, 284, 220, 16, 482, 17091, 9, 3423, 198, 286, 436, 9821, 83, 60, 284, 220, 15, 13, 2589, 353, 17091, 353, 17091, 198, 286, 369, 272, 304, 2134, 1921, 997, 310, 4983, 284, 2660, 38832, 33064, 2666, 303, 12729, 2608, 310, 436, 12729, 14287, 60, 11658, 220, 15, 13, 17, 489, 220, 15, 13, 23, 353, 4983, 415, 674, 1491, 6468, 26839, 9122, 310, 38293, 12729, 60, 284, 320, 8207, 3262, 351, 8, 353, 38293, 12729, 60, 257, 674, 22436, 323, 5569, 279, 3094, 1404, 198, 310, 33444, 12729, 59145, 18, 60, 1447, 38293, 12729, 60, 692, 674, 3094, 304, 279, 2115, 5216, 198, 310, 1153, 12729, 14287, 60, 284, 33444, 12729, 11, 15, 8353, 18, 933, 1827, 286, 38293, 284, 92751, 60703, 11, 38293, 8, 310, 674, 11294, 12248, 520, 279, 1828, 1153, 271, 262, 17091, 284, 50260, 22078, 72, 55, 10865, 21480, 5725, 340, 262, 17091, 995, 4182, 1021, 286, 1332, 76937, 2987, 12212, 28, 16, 345, 286, 1973, 76937, 2987, 30419, 28, 1049, 345, 286, 17091, 21179, 28, 1041, 931, 1733, 674, 4287, 4827, 34981, 198, 262, 5235, 262, 14675, 284, 220, 16, 13, 17, 26, 22350, 284, 220, 16, 13, 23, 198, 262, 17091, 995, 18047, 446, 783, 43140, 2769, 12313, 498, 14675, 340, 262, 17091, 995, 18047, 446, 783, 43140, 62279, 498, 22350, 340, 262, 17091, 995, 18047, 446, 5294, 78, 12329, 89620, 498, 220, 15, 13, 914, 340, 262, 17091, 1388, 6467, 16159, 446, 35, 12052, 12329, 5240, 262, 17091, 26406, 34984, 446, 501, 5174, 498, 296, 6451, 5174, 696, 262, 369, 272, 304, 2134, 1921, 997, 286, 422, 2660, 7985, 36878, 368, 366, 220, 15, 13, 2304, 512, 310, 17091, 995, 1807, 446, 66, 5689, 496, 1361, 705, 1153, 100238, 12729, 1145, 436, 28, 16, 13, 16, 38993, 12729, 1145, 272, 5941, 15, 13, 19, 11, 220, 15, 11, 220, 15, 1145, 28355, 429, 96150, 19368, 1158, 286, 775, 512, 310, 17091, 995, 1807, 446, 66, 5689, 496, 1361, 705, 1153, 100238, 12729, 1145, 436, 32220, 12729, 1145, 272, 28, 15, 13, 6281, 11, 28355, 429, 96150, 19368, 498, 5634, 429, 501, 5174, 1158, 1827, 262, 17091, 26406, 30943, 446, 67, 1073, 43611, 498, 8071, 5941, 15, 11, 220, 15, 11, 220, 717, 1145, 2218, 5941, 15, 11, 220, 15, 11, 220, 15, 1145, 94573, 28, 3226, 11, 42199, 17142, 28, 15, 13, 22, 11, 6730, 1857, 429, 5519, 37, 5240, 262, 17091, 26406, 29763, 446, 75, 16, 498, 1153, 5941, 23, 11, 482, 18, 11, 220, 1032, 1145, 1933, 28, 16, 13, 20, 40105, 7382, 2625, 15, 13, 1484, 11, 220, 15, 13, 3534, 11, 220, 15, 13, 6365, 9918, 10801, 28, 20, 340, 262, 17091, 26406, 29763, 446, 75, 17, 498, 1153, 5941, 12, 1114, 11, 482, 22, 11, 220, 20, 1145, 577, 5941, 15, 11, 220, 15, 11, 482, 605, 1145, 348, 5941, 15, 11, 220, 975, 11, 220, 15, 1145, 1933, 28, 16, 40105, 7382, 2625, 15, 13, 914, 11, 220, 15, 13, 1591, 11, 220, 15, 13, 1758, 9918, 3177, 1857, 429, 4368, 5164, 848, 2453, 1158, 262, 17091, 995, 62, 60714, 2625, 15, 13, 2304, 11, 220, 15, 13, 2589, 11, 220, 15, 13, 2545, 2608, 262, 17091, 995, 25070, 7, 15, 340, 262, 17091, 5577, 2892, 262, 1194, 446, 10655, 5240, 333, 1328, 609, 565, 624, 12385, 3902, 16575, 262, 1925, 746, 128001 ]
<gh_stars>0 /* * Copyright (c) 2005-2021 Imperas Software Ltd., www.imperas.com * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, * either express or implied. * * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. * / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // W R I T T E N B Y I M P E R A S I G E N // // Version 20211118.0 // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #ifndef PSE_IGEN_H #define PSE_IGEN_H #ifdef _PSE_ # include "peripheral/impTypes.h" # include "peripheral/bhm.h" # include "peripheral/bhmHttp.h" # include "peripheral/ppm.h" #else # include "hostapi/impTypes.h" #endif #ifdef _PSE_ //////////////////////////////////// Externs /////////////////////////////////// extern Uns32 diagnosticLevel; /////////////////////////// Dynamic Diagnostic Macros ////////////////////////// // Bottom two bits of word used for PSE diagnostics #define PSE_DIAG_LOW (BHM_DIAG_MASK_LOW(diagnosticLevel)) #define PSE_DIAG_MEDIUM (BHM_DIAG_MASK_MEDIUM(diagnosticLevel)) #define PSE_DIAG_HIGH (BHM_DIAG_MASK_HIGH(diagnosticLevel)) // Next two bits of word used for PSE semihost/intercept library diagnostics #define PSE_DIAG_SEMIHOST (BHM_DIAG_MASK_SEMIHOST(diagnosticLevel)) #endif /////////////////////////// Register data declaration ////////////////////////// typedef struct bport1_REG_dataS { union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 __pad0 : 30; Uns32 XOSC_RDY : 1; Uns32 XOSCCFG_EN : 1; } bits; } hfxosccfg; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 DIVR : 6; Uns32 DIVF : 9; Uns32 DIVQ : 3; Uns32 RANGE : 3; Uns32 __pad21 : 3; Uns32 BYPASS : 1; Uns32 FSE : 1; Uns32 __pad26 : 5; Uns32 LOCK : 1; } bits; } corepllcfg0; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 DIVR : 6; Uns32 DIVF : 9; Uns32 DIVQ : 3; Uns32 RANGE : 3; Uns32 __pad21 : 3; Uns32 BYPASS : 1; Uns32 FSE : 1; Uns32 __pad26 : 5; Uns32 LOCK : 1; } bits; } ddrpllcfg0; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 __pad0 : 31; Uns32 CKE : 1; } bits; } ddrpllcfg1; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 DIVR : 6; Uns32 DIVF : 9; Uns32 DIVQ : 3; Uns32 RANGE : 3; Uns32 __pad21 : 3; Uns32 BYPASS : 1; Uns32 FSE : 1; Uns32 __pad26 : 5; Uns32 LOCK : 1; } bits; } gemgxlpllcfg0; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 __pad0 : 24; Uns32 CKE : 1; } bits; } gemgxlpllcfg1; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 CORECLKSEL : 1; } bits; } coreclksel; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 DDR_CTRL_RST_N : 1; Uns32 DDR_AXI_RST_N : 1; Uns32 DDR_AHB_RST_N : 1; Uns32 DDR_PHY_RST_N : 1; Uns32 __pad4 : 1; Uns32 GEMGXL_RST_N : 1; } bits; } devicesresetreg; } bport1_REG_dataT, bport1_REG_dataTP; #ifdef _PSE_ /////////////////////////////// Port Declarations ////////////////////////////// extern bport1_REG_dataT bport1_REG_data; ///////////////////////////////// Port handles ///////////////////////////////// typedef struct handlesS { void bport1; ppmNetHandle reset; } handlesT, handlesTP; extern handlesT handles; ////////////////////////////// Callback prototypes ///////////////////////////// PPM_REG_WRITE_CB(hfxosccfgWrite); PPM_NET_CB(resetCB); PPM_READ_CB(reservedRD); PPM_WRITE_CB(reservedWR); PPM_NET_CB(reset_reset); PPM_CONSTRUCTOR_CB(periphConstructor); PPM_DOC_FN(installDocs); PPM_CONSTRUCTOR_CB(constructor); PPM_SAVE_STATE_FN(peripheralSaveState); PPM_RESTORE_STATE_FN(peripheralRestoreState); ///////////////////////////////// Local memory ///////////////////////////////// // To access local memory bport1/REG/rsvd : (for example) // char value = ((char*)handles.bport1)[BPORT1_REG_RSVD_OFFSET + myAddress]; #define BPORT1_REG_RSVD_OFFSET 0x0 #define BPORT1_REG_RSVD_SIZE 0x1000 ////////////////////////////////// Mask macros ///////////////////////////////// #define BPORT1_REG_HFXOSCCFG_WRMASK 0x80000000 #define BPORT1_REG_HFXOSCCFG_WRNMASK (0x7fffffff) #define BPORT1_REG_HFXOSCCFG_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_COREPLLCFG0_WRMASK 0x31ffff #define BPORT1_REG_COREPLLCFG0_WRNMASK (0xffce0000) #define BPORT1_REG_COREPLLCFG0_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG0_WRMASK 0x31ffff #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG0_WRNMASK (0xffce0000) #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG0_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG1_WRMASK 0x1000000 #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG1_WRNMASK (0xfeffffff) #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG1_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG0_WRMASK 0x31ffff #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG0_WRNMASK (0xffce0000) #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG0_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG1_WRMASK 0x80000000 #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG1_WRNMASK (0x7fffffff) #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG1_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_CORECLKSEL_WRMASK 0x1 #define BPORT1_REG_CORECLKSEL_WRNMASK (0xfffffffe) #define BPORT1_REG_CORECLKSEL_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_DEVICESRESETREG_WRMASK 0x2f #define BPORT1_REG_DEVICESRESETREG_WRNMASK (0xffffffd0) #define BPORT1_REG_DEVICESRESETREG_WIDTH 32 //////////////////////////// Parameters of enum type /////////////////////////// #endif #endif	3,093	[ 128000, 27, 876, 1284, 1590, 29, 15, 198, 3364, 353, 3028, 320, 66, 8, 220, 1049, 20, 12, 2366, 16, 25519, 300, 4476, 12604, 2637, 8604, 12322, 716, 300, 916, 198, 1235, 353, 10311, 1234, 279, 9091, 1914, 11, 6207, 220, 17, 13, 15, 320, 1820, 330, 10028, 803, 353, 499, 1253, 539, 1005, 420, 1052, 3734, 304, 8907, 449, 279, 1914, 627, 353, 1472, 1253, 6994, 264, 3048, 315, 279, 1914, 520, 198, 1235, 353, 256, 1795, 1129, 2185, 5206, 2726, 7116, 11082, 12, 17, 13, 15, 198, 1235, 353, 11115, 2631, 555, 8581, 2383, 477, 7378, 311, 304, 4477, 11, 3241, 198, 353, 4332, 1234, 279, 1914, 374, 4332, 389, 459, 330, 1950, 3507, 1, 11643, 345, 353, 6135, 7579, 2794, 11596, 3083, 4230, 9481, 345, 353, 3060, 3237, 477, 6259, 627, 1235, 353, 3580, 279, 1914, 369, 279, 3230, 4221, 10217, 8709, 323, 198, 353, 9669, 1234, 279, 1914, 627, 1235, 22406, 59969, 2341, 322, 394, 468, 432, 358, 350, 350, 469, 452, 256, 426, 816, 256, 358, 386, 393, 469, 432, 362, 328, 256, 358, 480, 469, 452, 198, 2341, 322, 6663, 6207, 220, 2366, 5037, 972, 13, 15, 198, 2341, 99420, 5645, 393, 937, 62, 1953, 965, 2083, 198, 1467, 393, 937, 62, 1953, 965, 2083, 5291, 271, 5872, 721, 47, 937, 13220, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 716, 24179, 14, 6802, 4266, 870, 702, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 716, 24179, 3554, 35401, 870, 702, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 716, 24179, 3554, 35401, 2977, 870, 702, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 716, 24179, 88246, 76, 870, 702, 10142, 198, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 3875, 2113, 14, 6802, 4266, 870, 702, 2730, 271, 5872, 721, 47, 937, 13220, 3985, 730, 1398, 4253, 82, 61709, 8851, 4399, 62143, 843, 15439, 4549, 5322, 2012, 1165, 2640, 22648, 51088, 99547, 47570, 1165, 271, 322, 26821, 1403, 9660, 315, 3492, 1511, 369, 393, 937, 50518, 198, 1467, 393, 937, 77310, 26916, 504, 320, 33, 53248, 77310, 11982, 26916, 56593, 12219, 4549, 1192, 1467, 393, 937, 77310, 94892, 338, 320, 33, 53248, 77310, 11982, 94892, 56593, 12219, 4549, 4489, 1467, 393, 937, 77310, 32721, 4391, 320, 33, 53248, 77310, 11982, 32721, 56593, 12219, 4549, 1192, 322, 9479, 1403, 9660, 315, 3492, 1511, 369, 393, 937, 18768, 3875, 14, 2295, 1512, 6875, 50518, 198, 1467, 393, 937, 77310, 3704, 9972, 29787, 2342, 320, 33, 53248, 77310, 11982, 3704, 9972, 29787, 56593, 12219, 4549, 4489, 2730, 198, 2012, 1165, 2640, 8618, 828, 18489, 47570, 1165, 271, 5399, 2080, 293, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 50, 314, 720, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 15, 551, 220, 966, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1630, 80061, 29794, 56, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1630, 3204, 3791, 12270, 6434, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 305, 8462, 437, 641, 4922, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 49, 551, 220, 21, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 37, 551, 220, 24, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 48, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 87606, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1691, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 7866, 50892, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 435, 937, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1627, 551, 220, 20, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 50563, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 6332, 81538, 14401, 15, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 49, 551, 220, 21, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 37, 551, 220, 24, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 48, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 87606, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1691, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 7866, 50892, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 435, 937, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1627, 551, 220, 20, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 50563, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 294, 3696, 81538, 14401, 15, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 15, 551, 220, 2148, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 356, 3472, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 294, 3696, 81538, 14401, 16, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 49, 551, 220, 21, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 37, 551, 220, 24, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 48, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 87606, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1691, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 7866, 50892, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 435, 937, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1627, 551, 220, 20, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 50563, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 19269, 70, 25299, 81538, 14401, 15, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 15, 551, 220, 1187, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 356, 3472, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 19269, 70, 25299, 81538, 14401, 16, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 51283, 27110, 30465, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 6332, 566, 2857, 301, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 44860, 19720, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 44860, 37917, 40, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 44860, 96946, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 44860, 36619, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 19, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 480, 2783, 38, 37630, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 7766, 9915, 1610, 280, 92, 293, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 51, 11, 353, 65, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 4334, 401, 5872, 721, 47, 937, 13220, 2012, 17287, 2640, 5896, 89375, 47570, 17287, 271, 4399, 293, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 51, 293, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 401, 3985, 14, 5896, 13777, 47570, 17287, 48244, 5399, 2080, 13777, 50, 341, 262, 742, 338, 353, 65, 403, 16, 280, 262, 64697, 7099, 7144, 692, 7738, 280, 92, 13777, 51, 11, 353, 45031, 4334, 401, 4399, 13777, 51, 13777, 401, 2012, 17287, 322, 23499, 47728, 47570, 1165, 48244, 4505, 44, 8224, 17933, 50033, 3283, 8462, 437, 641, 4922, 8144, 317, 4505, 44, 27953, 50033, 4693, 295, 13276, 317, 4505, 44, 13418, 50033, 4693, 2841, 37790, 317, 4505, 44, 17933, 50033, 4693, 2841, 18408, 317, 4505, 44, 27953, 50033, 4693, 295, 19520, 317, 4505, 44, 4405, 66810, 50033, 53627, 15619, 13591, 317, 4505, 44, 70011, 61222, 36787, 543, 64207, 317, 4505, 44, 4405, 66810, 50033, 18350, 3162, 317, 4505, 44, 44209, 11069, 61222, 53627, 24179, 8960, 1423, 317, 4505, 44, 2241, 45050, 11069, 61222, 53627, 24179, 57384, 1423, 8295, 3985, 14, 8949, 5044, 47570, 17287, 48244, 322, 2057, 2680, 2254, 5044, 293, 403, 16, 14, 12450, 7534, 3576, 67, 551, 320, 2000, 3187, 340, 322, 1181, 907, 284, 1819, 1799, 3849, 45031, 960, 403, 16, 6758, 33, 5205, 16, 8224, 60238, 12757, 18092, 489, 856, 4383, 4926, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 60238, 12757, 18092, 692, 220, 15, 87, 15, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 60238, 12757, 4190, 310, 220, 15, 87, 1041, 15, 271, 3985, 322, 20519, 38814, 47570, 17287, 48244, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2083, 16786, 3204, 3791, 12270, 22528, 50963, 257, 220, 15, 87, 4728, 931, 410, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2083, 16786, 3204, 3791, 12270, 22528, 38425, 7536, 262, 320, 15, 87, 22, 83792, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2083, 16786, 3204, 3791, 12270, 14273, 415, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 50963, 256, 220, 15, 87, 2148, 7386, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 38425, 7536, 220, 320, 15, 9197, 346, 931, 15, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 14273, 262, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 50963, 262, 220, 15, 87, 2148, 7386, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 38425, 7536, 256, 320, 15, 9197, 346, 931, 15, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 14273, 257, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 22528, 50963, 262, 220, 15, 87, 1041, 931, 15, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 22528, 38425, 7536, 256, 320, 15, 32569, 27984, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 14273, 257, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 50963, 220, 220, 15, 87, 2148, 7386, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 38425, 7536, 220, 320, 15, 9197, 346, 931, 15, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 14273, 220, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 22528, 50963, 220, 220, 15, 87, 4728, 931, 410, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 22528, 38425, 7536, 220, 320, 15, 87, 22, 83792, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 14273, 220, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 27110, 30465, 22528, 50963, 262, 220, 15, 87, 16, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 27110, 30465, 22528, 38425, 7536, 256, 320, 15, 69347, 1897, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 27110, 30465, 14273, 257, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 85533, 51100, 12450, 22528, 50963, 220, 220, 15, 87, 17, 69, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 85533, 51100, 12450, 22528, 38425, 7536, 220, 320, 15, 69347, 67, 15, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 85533, 51100, 12450, 14273, 220, 220, 843, 271, 2012, 17287, 13831, 315, 7773, 955, 47570, 1165, 76358, 2730, 271, 2730, 198, 128001 ]
As a San Francisco-based commercial real estate broker who specializes in helping office tenants create healthier, more energy-efficient work environments, it’s exciting to see the progress we’ve made in moving these issues to the forefront of the discussion. The moniker “green” has gone from being “hippy”, to trendy, to en vogue, to cliché and now it’s the standard. Call it what you will, but this framework of thinking is here to stay and will benefit not only us, but generations to follow. Having said that, and for lack of a better phrase, we need to keep it real and constantly remind ourselves that it’s not the perception of sustainability that matters, but the reality and implementation of it. To the corporate decision makers that are reading this post, place the health of your employees and the sustenance of our earth first. Healthy employees are intrinsically happy, productive employees, and energy and waste reduction both on-site and within your supply chain directly and positively affects a company’s bottom line; these are facts. Everyone wins. I want to share what I feel are the most important decisions you can make when locating and operating your business, from a sustainability perspective. It doesn’t matter the line of business you’re in, these are principles that can benefit us all. Where you do business is just as important as how you do business. If an option, give preference to high-density locations where your employees can commute to work via mass transit while eliminating their need to drive somewhere to get lunch or grab a coffee with a client. Encourage and reward employees who bike or take a bus to work. There are federal incentives available that can benefit you and your employees such as the Commuter Check program that can save companies up to 10% on their payroll tax expenses while saving their employees up to 40% on their commute costs. Reduce, reuse, and yes, recycle. Tearing down the construction of an entire floor in an office tower and building it back up with sustainable materials doesn’t make you “green”. Too often I see perfectly useful tenant improvements demo’d and sent to a landfill while new resources are acquired and constructed. Not only does this translate into unnecessary additional expenses for the office tenant, but it puts an unnecessary burden on our earth. Identify spaces that more closely match your desired configuration, and you’ll reduce construction waste and monetary spending. They’re out there, it just takes a little more effort. Think beyond your company. In addition to making better informed purchasing decisions within your office, are the values and mission of the vendors in your supply chain congruent with your own? We vote with our purchasing dollars each time we place an order. You, NOT the supplier, create demand. Give preference to companies that are also taking pro-active steps to reduce their consumption and waste, such as your office supply vendor. The market will punish companies that don’t, and reward those that do. Change starts with you. Reduce toxicity in the workplace. Typical office environments have the potential to be highly toxic and can negatively affect the performance, happiness and productivity of your employees. If you’re a decision maker, you have a responsibility to provide a safe, healthy workplace. Give preference to properties with operable windows, abundant natural daylight and landlords that use low-voc paints and carpeting. Segregate copiers in enclosed rooms with adequate ventilation. Decorate your office with plants that are known to cleanse the air and remove chemical vapors while absorbing carbon dioxide. Consider purchasing used or refurbished office furniture, as it has already off-gassed harmful chemicals and vapors. Engage your employees. The greenest tenant improvements in the world will be ineffective if the building’s occupants aren’t engaged, and whose sustainability goals aren’t aligned with the company’s. How the office is occupied is just as important as how it was built out. Engage your employees by more than just openly sharing your sustainability plan, but also explaining why certain measures were implemented (i.e. the waterless urinals will save 250k gallons of water this year). If new technologies have been implemented, explain how to use them. Reward employees who are proactive in helping the company achieve their sustainability goals. Make it convenient and easy for employees to recycle. Provide filtered tap water for employees rather than purchasing water bottles. Developing a sustainable real estate strategy is really nothing more than developing a smart real estate strategy. Don’t just “go green” for show, but be sincere in your approach and you will reap the benefits. The truth is, a green office will yield happier employees while positively impacting your bottom line, so do it right. I began volunteering with the Chapter over seven years ago, and it has proved to be the most beneficial and rewarding organizations I could have joined. Volunteering with the Chapter and getting involved with one of our committees gives you a chance to engage with other like-minded professionals who value sustainability, and want to change and improve how we build, occupy and manage our built environment. However, it’s more than just networking and making lasting and valuable business and personal relationships. The members of our Branch’s leadership team are responsible for putting ideas into action that help shape public opinion while educating others about the importance of working in a “healthy building” and reducing our environmental footprint. We host approximately 10 local community events annually, whose impact is not to be understated as they play a crucial role in furthering green building advocacy while providing educational opportunities for those already in, and outside of our normal sphere of influence. I look forward to meeting new friends at our meeting and catching up with familiar faces.	1,202	[ 128000, 2170, 264, 5960, 13175, 6108, 8518, 1972, 12675, 23117, 889, 46672, 304, 10695, 5274, 41016, 1893, 39345, 11, 810, 4907, 73916, 990, 22484, 11, 433, 753, 13548, 311, 1518, 279, 5208, 584, 4070, 1903, 304, 7366, 1521, 4819, 311, 279, 52301, 315, 279, 10430, 13, 578, 1647, 25840, 1054, 13553, 863, 706, 8208, 505, 1694, 1054, 2200, 3368, 9520, 311, 58930, 11, 311, 665, 348, 28523, 11, 311, 63692, 978, 323, 1457, 433, 753, 279, 5410, 13, 7290, 433, 1148, 499, 690, 11, 719, 420, 12914, 315, 7422, 374, 1618, 311, 4822, 323, 690, 8935, 539, 1193, 603, 11, 719, 22540, 311, 1833, 627, 29132, 1071, 430, 11, 323, 369, 6996, 315, 264, 2731, 17571, 11, 584, 1205, 311, 2567, 433, 1972, 323, 15320, 24928, 13520, 430, 433, 753, 539, 279, 21063, 315, 41329, 430, 13146, 11, 719, 279, 8903, 323, 8292, 315, 433, 13, 2057, 279, 13166, 5597, 29414, 430, 527, 5403, 420, 1772, 11, 2035, 279, 2890, 315, 701, 8420, 323, 279, 10446, 10431, 315, 1057, 9578, 1176, 13, 44454, 8420, 527, 10805, 1354, 2740, 6380, 11, 27331, 8420, 11, 323, 4907, 323, 12571, 14278, 2225, 389, 29654, 323, 2949, 701, 8312, 8957, 6089, 323, 40646, 22223, 264, 2883, 753, 5740, 1584, 26, 1521, 527, 13363, 13, 22172, 15160, 627, 40, 1390, 311, 4430, 1148, 358, 2733, 527, 279, 1455, 3062, 11429, 499, 649, 1304, 994, 72991, 323, 10565, 701, 2626, 11, 505, 264, 41329, 13356, 13, 1102, 3250, 1431, 5030, 279, 1584, 315, 2626, 499, 3207, 304, 11, 1521, 527, 16565, 430, 649, 8935, 603, 682, 627, 9241, 499, 656, 2626, 374, 1120, 439, 3062, 439, 1268, 499, 656, 2626, 13, 1442, 459, 3072, 11, 3041, 22698, 311, 1579, 89131, 10687, 1405, 701, 8420, 649, 59263, 311, 990, 4669, 3148, 25032, 1418, 40599, 872, 1205, 311, 6678, 15038, 311, 636, 16163, 477, 11894, 264, 11033, 449, 264, 3016, 13, 10984, 61140, 323, 11565, 8420, 889, 13260, 477, 1935, 264, 5951, 311, 990, 13, 2684, 527, 6918, 36580, 2561, 430, 649, 8935, 499, 323, 701, 8420, 1778, 439, 279, 6947, 29051, 4343, 2068, 430, 649, 3665, 5220, 709, 311, 220, 605, 4, 389, 872, 46208, 3827, 18512, 1418, 14324, 872, 8420, 709, 311, 220, 1272, 4, 389, 872, 59263, 7194, 627, 51425, 11, 27068, 11, 323, 10035, 11, 61843, 627, 51, 13992, 1523, 279, 8246, 315, 459, 4553, 6558, 304, 459, 5274, 21970, 323, 4857, 433, 1203, 709, 449, 22556, 7384, 3250, 1431, 1304, 499, 1054, 13553, 11453, 25619, 3629, 358, 1518, 14268, 5505, 26305, 18637, 17074, 7070, 323, 3288, 311, 264, 85634, 1418, 502, 5070, 527, 19426, 323, 20968, 13, 2876, 1193, 1587, 420, 15025, 1139, 26225, 5217, 18512, 369, 279, 5274, 26305, 11, 719, 433, 9711, 459, 26225, 23104, 389, 1057, 9578, 13, 65647, 12908, 430, 810, 15499, 2489, 701, 12974, 6683, 11, 323, 499, 4805, 8108, 8246, 12571, 323, 33384, 10374, 13, 2435, 3207, 704, 1070, 11, 433, 1120, 5097, 264, 2697, 810, 5149, 627, 39787, 7953, 701, 2883, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 3339, 2731, 16369, 23395, 11429, 2949, 701, 5274, 11, 527, 279, 2819, 323, 9131, 315, 279, 29629, 304, 701, 8312, 8957, 31269, 11942, 449, 701, 1866, 30, 1226, 7055, 449, 1057, 23395, 11441, 1855, 892, 584, 2035, 459, 2015, 13, 1472, 11, 4276, 279, 19353, 11, 1893, 7631, 13, 21335, 22698, 311, 5220, 430, 527, 1101, 4737, 463, 32344, 7504, 311, 8108, 872, 15652, 323, 12571, 11, 1778, 439, 701, 5274, 8312, 21390, 13, 578, 3157, 690, 32151, 5220, 430, 1541, 1431, 11, 323, 11565, 1884, 430, 656, 13, 10604, 8638, 449, 499, 627, 51425, 58011, 304, 279, 27465, 627, 13129, 950, 5274, 22484, 617, 279, 4754, 311, 387, 7701, 21503, 323, 649, 48291, 7958, 279, 5178, 11, 23871, 323, 26206, 315, 701, 8420, 13, 1442, 499, 3207, 264, 5597, 25214, 11, 499, 617, 264, 12014, 311, 3493, 264, 6220, 11, 9498, 27465, 13, 21335, 22698, 311, 6012, 449, 2040, 481, 11276, 11, 44611, 5933, 53121, 323, 64729, 430, 1005, 3428, 8437, 511, 57948, 323, 28954, 287, 13, 17652, 1610, 349, 6293, 4918, 304, 44910, 12295, 449, 26613, 56234, 13, 28069, 349, 701, 5274, 449, 11012, 430, 527, 3967, 311, 81155, 279, 3805, 323, 4148, 11742, 68857, 1105, 1418, 70275, 12782, 40589, 13, 21829, 23395, 1511, 477, 83415, 5274, 14891, 11, 439, 433, 706, 2736, 1022, 2427, 60104, 28856, 26333, 323, 68857, 1105, 627, 4198, 425, 701, 8420, 627, 791, 6307, 478, 26305, 18637, 304, 279, 1917, 690, 387, 55288, 422, 279, 4857, 753, 75772, 7784, 1431, 17045, 11, 323, 6832, 41329, 9021, 7784, 1431, 27210, 449, 279, 2883, 753, 13, 2650, 279, 5274, 374, 25366, 374, 1120, 439, 3062, 439, 1268, 433, 574, 5918, 704, 13, 3365, 425, 701, 8420, 555, 810, 1109, 1120, 30447, 11821, 701, 41329, 3197, 11, 719, 1101, 26073, 3249, 3738, 11193, 1051, 11798, 320, 72, 1770, 13, 279, 3090, 1752, 4433, 24624, 690, 3665, 220, 5154, 74, 51222, 315, 3090, 420, 1060, 570, 1442, 502, 14645, 617, 1027, 11798, 11, 10552, 1268, 311, 1005, 1124, 13, 56900, 8420, 889, 527, 59314, 304, 10695, 279, 2883, 11322, 872, 41329, 9021, 13, 7557, 433, 17125, 323, 4228, 369, 8420, 311, 61843, 13, 40665, 18797, 15596, 3090, 369, 8420, 4856, 1109, 23395, 3090, 27474, 627, 21076, 287, 264, 22556, 1972, 12675, 8446, 374, 2216, 4400, 810, 1109, 11469, 264, 7941, 1972, 12675, 8446, 13, 4418, 1431, 1120, 1054, 3427, 6307, 863, 369, 1501, 11, 719, 387, 49424, 304, 701, 5603, 323, 499, 690, 58003, 279, 7720, 13, 578, 8206, 374, 11, 264, 6307, 5274, 690, 7692, 44467, 8420, 1418, 40646, 74055, 701, 5740, 1584, 11, 779, 656, 433, 1314, 627, 40, 6137, 70438, 449, 279, 15957, 927, 8254, 1667, 4227, 11, 323, 433, 706, 19168, 311, 387, 279, 1455, 24629, 323, 42093, 11351, 358, 1436, 617, 11096, 627, 37461, 11066, 4776, 449, 279, 15957, 323, 3794, 6532, 449, 832, 315, 1057, 42547, 6835, 499, 264, 6140, 311, 16988, 449, 1023, 1093, 34423, 15749, 889, 907, 41329, 11, 323, 1390, 311, 2349, 323, 7417, 1268, 584, 1977, 11, 48678, 323, 10299, 1057, 5918, 4676, 13, 4452, 11, 433, 753, 810, 1109, 1120, 29130, 323, 3339, 29869, 323, 15525, 2626, 323, 4443, 12135, 13, 578, 3697, 315, 1057, 26176, 753, 11692, 2128, 527, 8647, 369, 10917, 6848, 1139, 1957, 430, 1520, 6211, 586, 9647, 1418, 67805, 3885, 922, 279, 12939, 315, 3318, 304, 264, 1054, 38128, 4857, 863, 323, 18189, 1057, 12434, 43972, 13, 1226, 3552, 13489, 220, 605, 2254, 4029, 4455, 30171, 11, 6832, 5536, 374, 539, 311, 387, 14653, 660, 439, 814, 1514, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 4726, 287, 6307, 4857, 35954, 1418, 8405, 16627, 10708, 369, 1884, 2736, 304, 11, 323, 4994, 315, 1057, 4725, 26436, 315, 10383, 627, 40, 1427, 4741, 311, 6574, 502, 4885, 520, 1057, 6574, 323, 34168, 709, 449, 11537, 12580, 627, 128001 ]
I have had a wonderful birthday today. I can't believe how many cards and messages I have received. My stepson is up here for a couple of days with a friend's ten year old daughter (as she is busy at work). down to the Town Basin for a delicious lunch. Back home to pick up some fishing rods and we headed down to the river for some fishing where a fish was caught. We then stopped fishing so that a boy and his mother could operate a remote controlled boat which travelled at 55 kms per hour. Been out virtually all day and just returned at 5.30. I will now make a quick frittata for our tea and I know there will be some more phone calls. Oh, and I got a special tattoo for my 71st birthday and a lovely watch from Doug. I am spoilt!!!! In spite of everything going on with Max I had a very enjoyable Christmas. We spent it at Doug's with two ladies who would, otherwise, have been on their own. I had a lazy day as Doug insisted on cooking the meal. He usually, no, always, comes to my place for his evening meals and said it was my turn to have a meal cooked for me and delicious it was too. I visited Max on the way there - he has not been very well lately and the Rest Home has just started to mouli his meals. He has been their best eater but lately has been holding his food in his mouth and not swallowing hence the mouli. He is sleeping more and more and it is rare for him to wake up while I am visiting these days. Because he was unwell I have increased my visiting. One of Doug's daughters and her children 18 and 19 were going to come for a meal late afternoon on Christmas day but, at the last moment, it was decided that they would come on Boxing Day for lunch - a much better idea so we had a second Christmas meal then. Yesterday, after walking Sophie at the Town Basin, we did some shopping - I wanted some trousers for Max but could only find 3/4 length ones as he has to have elastic waist. More shopping today in another part of town and I got just what I was looking for at Farmers - only one pair in his size left and they will need to be shortened by a good few inches. My stepson arrives tomorrow to stay for a day or two and see his Dad. Must get ready for him. Have just been to Hikurangi to pick up some freshly caught fish from one of Doug's nephews. Enough for about six meals plus mussels plus a crayfish. Yummy. Yesterday, the flowers in the house needed replacing so I picked this bucket full. Every year my cousin in Canada sends me a pewter ornament from Amos Pewters in Nova Scotia. Here is this year's one - a nautilus shell. I always receive them in November but wait until Christmas Day to open them. It is on the tree with all the others - must be getting close to 30 now. I have been very pleased with a couple of flowers in particular over the last couple of days - a surprise as we have had such terrible weather, rain, rain, rain. The above is a flower from my Oak Leaf Hydrangea. The flowerhead is 15 inches long. Yesterday morning I discovered this in flower just at eye height - it was all over this morning but was wonderful while it lasted. and here is a smaller Hydrangea with some Christmas Decorations. The best news of all is that Max and I became Great-grandparents on the 17th - a 7lb baby girl called Taylor. The photo I have is in a format I am unable to transfer to the Blog.	780	[ 128000, 40, 617, 1047, 264, 11364, 15553, 3432, 13, 358, 649, 956, 4510, 1268, 1690, 7563, 323, 6743, 358, 617, 4036, 627, 5159, 3094, 942, 374, 709, 1618, 369, 264, 5743, 315, 2919, 449, 264, 4333, 596, 5899, 1060, 2362, 10003, 320, 300, 1364, 374, 13326, 520, 990, 4390, 2996, 311, 279, 14298, 61358, 369, 264, 18406, 16163, 13, 6984, 2162, 311, 3820, 709, 1063, 20543, 58000, 323, 584, 19946, 1523, 311, 279, 15140, 369, 1063, 20543, 1405, 264, 7795, 574, 10791, 13, 1226, 1243, 10717, 20543, 779, 430, 264, 8334, 323, 813, 6691, 1436, 14816, 264, 8870, 14400, 15688, 902, 46368, 520, 220, 2131, 97777, 824, 6596, 627, 26158, 704, 21907, 682, 1938, 323, 1120, 6052, 520, 220, 20, 13, 966, 13, 358, 690, 1457, 1304, 264, 4062, 282, 56013, 460, 369, 1057, 15600, 323, 358, 1440, 1070, 690, 387, 1063, 810, 4641, 6880, 627, 12174, 11, 323, 358, 2751, 264, 3361, 32894, 369, 856, 220, 6028, 267, 15553, 323, 264, 17104, 3821, 505, 32608, 13, 358, 1097, 20016, 3036, 17523, 198, 644, 34781, 315, 4395, 2133, 389, 449, 7639, 358, 1047, 264, 1633, 32180, 10280, 13, 1226, 7543, 433, 520, 32608, 596, 449, 1403, 23628, 889, 1053, 11, 6062, 11, 617, 1027, 389, 872, 1866, 627, 40, 1047, 264, 16053, 1938, 439, 32608, 29676, 389, 17677, 279, 15496, 13, 1283, 6118, 11, 912, 11, 2744, 11, 4131, 311, 856, 2035, 369, 813, 11714, 21644, 323, 1071, 433, 574, 856, 2543, 311, 617, 264, 15496, 30205, 369, 757, 323, 18406, 433, 574, 2288, 627, 40, 12263, 7639, 389, 279, 1648, 1070, 482, 568, 706, 539, 1027, 1633, 1664, 31445, 323, 279, 9240, 5492, 706, 1120, 3940, 311, 54409, 747, 813, 21644, 13, 1283, 706, 1027, 872, 1888, 87135, 719, 31445, 706, 1027, 10168, 813, 3691, 304, 813, 11013, 323, 539, 91747, 16472, 279, 54409, 747, 627, 1548, 374, 21811, 810, 323, 810, 323, 433, 374, 9024, 369, 1461, 311, 15508, 709, 1418, 358, 1097, 17136, 1521, 2919, 13, 9393, 568, 574, 653, 9336, 358, 617, 7319, 856, 17136, 627, 4054, 315, 32608, 596, 30968, 323, 1077, 2911, 220, 972, 323, 220, 777, 1051, 2133, 311, 2586, 369, 264, 15496, 3389, 13658, 389, 10280, 1938, 719, 11, 520, 279, 1566, 4545, 11, 433, 574, 6773, 430, 814, 1053, 2586, 389, 72683, 6187, 369, 16163, 482, 264, 1790, 2731, 4623, 779, 584, 1047, 264, 2132, 10280, 15496, 1243, 627, 51377, 11, 1306, 11689, 60410, 520, 279, 14298, 61358, 11, 584, 1550, 1063, 12185, 482, 358, 4934, 1063, 68776, 369, 7639, 719, 1436, 1193, 1505, 220, 18, 14, 19, 3160, 6305, 439, 568, 706, 311, 617, 36573, 29142, 627, 7816, 12185, 3432, 304, 2500, 961, 315, 6424, 323, 358, 2751, 1120, 1148, 358, 574, 3411, 369, 520, 63422, 482, 1193, 832, 6857, 304, 813, 1404, 2163, 323, 814, 690, 1205, 311, 387, 66663, 555, 264, 1695, 2478, 15271, 627, 5159, 3094, 942, 30782, 16986, 311, 4822, 369, 264, 1938, 477, 1403, 323, 1518, 813, 33621, 13, 15832, 636, 5644, 369, 1461, 13, 12522, 1120, 1027, 311, 473, 1609, 324, 79428, 311, 3820, 709, 1063, 50999, 10791, 7795, 505, 832, 315, 32608, 596, 44964, 28844, 13, 62692, 369, 922, 4848, 21644, 5636, 296, 32964, 5636, 264, 90016, 18668, 13, 816, 8742, 627, 51377, 11, 279, 19837, 304, 279, 3838, 4460, 25935, 779, 358, 13061, 420, 15994, 2539, 627, 11769, 1060, 856, 36271, 304, 7008, 22014, 757, 264, 62516, 466, 79760, 505, 3383, 437, 57717, 5153, 304, 35741, 63966, 13, 5810, 374, 420, 1060, 596, 832, 482, 264, 4415, 91728, 12811, 13, 358, 2744, 5371, 1124, 304, 6841, 719, 3868, 3156, 10280, 6187, 311, 1825, 1124, 13, 1102, 374, 389, 279, 5021, 449, 682, 279, 3885, 482, 2011, 387, 3794, 3345, 311, 220, 966, 1457, 627, 40, 617, 1027, 1633, 18949, 449, 264, 5743, 315, 19837, 304, 4040, 927, 279, 1566, 5743, 315, 2919, 482, 264, 13051, 439, 584, 617, 1047, 1778, 17936, 9282, 11, 11422, 11, 11422, 11, 11422, 627, 791, 3485, 374, 264, 23153, 505, 856, 18787, 27967, 10320, 3696, 853, 64, 13, 578, 23153, 2025, 374, 220, 868, 15271, 1317, 627, 51377, 6693, 358, 11352, 420, 304, 23153, 1120, 520, 8071, 2673, 482, 433, 574, 682, 927, 420, 6693, 719, 574, 11364, 1418, 433, 36513, 627, 438, 1618, 374, 264, 9333, 10320, 3696, 853, 64, 449, 1063, 10280, 28069, 811, 627, 791, 1888, 3754, 315, 682, 374, 430, 7639, 323, 358, 6244, 8681, 72102, 26534, 389, 279, 220, 1114, 339, 482, 264, 220, 22, 21807, 8945, 3828, 2663, 16844, 13, 578, 6685, 358, 617, 374, 304, 264, 3645, 358, 1097, 12153, 311, 8481, 311, 279, 14496, 627, 128001 ]
\|Mission duration\|\|310 days\| \|Launch mass\|\|400 kg\| \|Start of mission\| \|Launch date\|\|26 April 1968, 04:42:56 GMT\| \|Launch site\|\|Kapustin Yar, Site 86/4\| \|End of mission\| \|Last contact\|\|28 February 1969\| \|Decay date\|\|2 March 1969\| \|Perigee altitude\|\|215 km\| \|Apogee altitude\|\|1745 km\| \|Epoch\|\|26 April 1968\| Kosmos 219 (Russian: Космос 219 meaning Cosmos 219), also known as DS-U2-D No.2, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1968 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 400 kilograms (880 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used to investigate flows of charged particles in the magnetosphere of the Earth. A Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 219 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 86/4 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 04:42:56 GMT on 26 April 1968, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into orbit. Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1968-038A. The North American Aerospace Air Command assigned it the catalogue number 03220. Kosmos 219 was the second of two DS-U2-D satellites to be launched, after Kosmos 137. It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 215 kilometres (134 mi), an apogee of 1,745 kilometres (1,084 mi), 48.4° of inclination, and an orbital period of 104.7 minutes. It completed operations on 28 February 1969, before decaying from orbit and reentering the atmosphere on 2 March.	411	[ 128000, 91, 57051, 8250, 8651, 12226, 2919, 7511, 91, 33167, 3148, 8651, 3443, 21647, 7511, 91, 3563, 315, 9131, 7511, 91, 33167, 2457, 8651, 1627, 5936, 220, 5162, 23, 11, 220, 2371, 25, 2983, 25, 3487, 25497, 7511, 91, 33167, 2816, 8651, 42, 391, 45335, 113381, 11, 13207, 220, 4218, 14, 19, 7511, 91, 3812, 315, 9131, 7511, 91, 5966, 3729, 8651, 1591, 7552, 220, 5162, 24, 7511, 91, 5005, 352, 2457, 8651, 17, 5587, 220, 5162, 24, 7511, 91, 3976, 343, 2176, 36958, 8651, 12112, 13437, 7511, 91, 10835, 540, 2176, 36958, 8651, 11771, 20, 13437, 7511, 91, 45438, 8651, 1627, 5936, 220, 5162, 23, 7511, 42, 437, 8801, 220, 13762, 320, 48807, 25, 36479, 23630, 116651, 220, 13762, 7438, 84524, 220, 13762, 705, 1101, 3967, 439, 21223, 35681, 17, 9607, 2360, 13, 17, 11, 574, 264, 19953, 24088, 902, 574, 11887, 304, 220, 5162, 23, 439, 961, 315, 279, 423, 77, 752, 897, 8980, 85, 4991, 328, 631, 22212, 18629, 13, 1102, 574, 264, 220, 3443, 85402, 320, 19272, 19398, 8, 42640, 11, 902, 574, 5918, 555, 279, 816, 5308, 71, 2201, 9188, 7127, 22555, 11, 323, 574, 1511, 311, 19874, 28555, 315, 11684, 19252, 304, 279, 33297, 66222, 315, 279, 9420, 627, 32, 38208, 8801, 12, 17, 40, 220, 5495, 9691, 19115, 25294, 574, 1511, 311, 7195, 38208, 8801, 220, 13762, 1139, 3428, 9420, 27605, 13, 578, 7195, 3952, 2035, 505, 13207, 220, 4218, 14, 19, 520, 32765, 45335, 113381, 13, 578, 7195, 10222, 520, 220, 2371, 25, 2983, 25, 3487, 25497, 389, 220, 1627, 5936, 220, 5162, 23, 11, 323, 19543, 304, 279, 6992, 37027, 315, 279, 24088, 1139, 27605, 13, 30538, 19261, 27605, 11, 279, 24088, 574, 12893, 1202, 38208, 8801, 43851, 11, 323, 4036, 279, 7327, 7127, 859, 220, 5162, 23, 12, 24462, 32, 13, 578, 4892, 3778, 81965, 6690, 7498, 12893, 433, 279, 49639, 1396, 220, 21040, 508, 627, 42, 437, 8801, 220, 13762, 574, 279, 2132, 315, 1403, 21223, 35681, 17, 9607, 47710, 311, 387, 11887, 11, 1306, 38208, 8801, 220, 10148, 13, 1102, 574, 24026, 304, 459, 27605, 449, 264, 824, 343, 2176, 315, 220, 12112, 52957, 320, 9565, 9686, 705, 459, 1469, 540, 2176, 315, 220, 16, 11, 23901, 52957, 320, 16, 11, 26720, 9686, 705, 220, 2166, 13, 19, 11877, 315, 77004, 11, 323, 459, 65691, 4261, 315, 220, 6849, 13, 22, 4520, 13, 1102, 8308, 7677, 389, 220, 1591, 7552, 220, 5162, 24, 11, 1603, 1654, 17718, 505, 27605, 323, 312, 1992, 287, 279, 16975, 389, 220, 17, 5587, 13, 128001 ]
In our yards where we have brick, stone or pebbles, even mulched areas weeds are constantly growing, creating a nuisance. A weed killer is often used but the results are temporary. This season there are some new products available, these products kill weeds for one whole season. It is a combination of very fast killing ingredients and some that last for a long time. It keeps your patio areas weed free for a year.	86	[ 128000, 644, 1057, 14006, 1405, 584, 617, 25878, 11, 9998, 477, 1069, 6194, 645, 11, 1524, 15975, 2454, 5789, 70535, 527, 15320, 7982, 11, 6968, 264, 77741, 13, 362, 40475, 25534, 374, 3629, 1511, 719, 279, 3135, 527, 13643, 13, 1115, 3280, 1070, 527, 1063, 502, 3956, 2561, 11, 1521, 3956, 5622, 70535, 369, 832, 4459, 3280, 13, 1102, 374, 264, 10824, 315, 1633, 5043, 13419, 14293, 323, 1063, 430, 1566, 369, 264, 1317, 892, 13, 1102, 13912, 701, 32278, 5789, 40475, 1949, 369, 264, 1060, 13, 128001 ]
On this confusingly, awesome episode of The College Gamers Podcast: Mike and Taft pick their favorite games of the year. Steam had some issues on Christmas day. Mike and Taft talk about why Battlefront is not getting Force Awakens content. Will the Coleco Chameleon be a flop? We think so. Russian man sues Bethesda for addiction. Some photos of agent were leaked. Mike and Taft have fun dying in Ark: Survival Evolved. And more on this year’s end episode of The College Gamers Podcast! On this shocking episode of The College Gamers Podcast: Mike electrocutes himself like a dumbo. Taft visited the place where dreams come true. Kojima has started his own club. Kingdom Hearts 3 is coming to the one xbox. Firewatch is not as boring as it sounds. Mafia wars may start in GTA 5? Paid character boosts are now in Destiny. Mike and Taft agree that dinosaurs are pretty freakin cool! And more on this Star Wars spoiler free episode of The College Gamers! Patreon Page Is Up! Hello everyone! So, Taft and I spent the morning this morning working with Taft on The College Gamers Patreon page. It’s pretty exciting and official looking. We have all sorts of rewards for different levels of giving. Everything from added to a list of “The Most Amazing People on the Planet” to free t-shirts… that haven’t been designed yet. Weird right? It is still exciting and I am lot’s of people seeing. To be Honest? I don’t see it going anywhere. For now.. I am not a negative nancy! However I am realistic. I’m confident it is going to be a good while before we reach or first goal of $15. The main reason I made a Patreon page is the same reason I put the podcast name anywhere. Getting the name “The College Gamers Podcast” as many places as possible! The more places I can get our name out the better. Patreon is just another place I can advertise the podcast to be honest. Of course if the podcast does actually start paying for its own hosting I would be grateful beyond words. Beyond that I think my head would explode with gratefulness. But if I never make a dime from this podcasting thing that’s okay with me to! I do not want to make podcasts because I want to monetize them I make podcasts because I love doing it! Cheesy I know. But it is true! For anyone who want’s to take a look at our Patreon page the link is here.	554	[ 128000, 1966, 420, 31715, 398, 11, 12738, 9417, 315, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 30869, 25, 11519, 323, 24172, 728, 3820, 872, 7075, 3953, 315, 279, 1060, 13, 22578, 1047, 1063, 4819, 389, 10280, 1938, 13, 11519, 323, 24172, 728, 3137, 922, 3249, 16506, 7096, 374, 539, 3794, 11994, 18371, 71837, 2262, 13, 4946, 279, 24298, 1030, 921, 97911, 387, 264, 91442, 30, 1226, 1781, 779, 13, 8690, 893, 924, 288, 79431, 369, 27471, 13, 4427, 7397, 315, 8479, 1051, 34947, 13, 11519, 323, 24172, 728, 617, 2523, 23069, 304, 22791, 25, 54451, 10641, 8905, 13, 1628, 810, 389, 420, 1060, 753, 842, 9417, 315, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 30869, 4999, 1966, 420, 34734, 9417, 315, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 30869, 25, 11519, 25396, 66, 2142, 5678, 1093, 264, 294, 49709, 13, 24172, 728, 12263, 279, 2035, 1405, 19226, 2586, 837, 13, 735, 21963, 7675, 706, 3940, 813, 1866, 6469, 13, 15422, 53876, 220, 18, 374, 5108, 311, 279, 832, 82572, 13, 6785, 14658, 374, 539, 439, 28859, 439, 433, 10578, 13, 81995, 25981, 1253, 1212, 304, 59845, 220, 20, 30, 55182, 3752, 67232, 527, 1457, 304, 51497, 13, 11519, 323, 24172, 728, 7655, 430, 65375, 527, 5128, 30305, 258, 7155, 0, 1628, 810, 389, 420, 7834, 15317, 73306, 1949, 9417, 315, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 4999, 47, 16091, 263, 5874, 2209, 3216, 4999, 9906, 5127, 0, 2100, 11, 24172, 728, 323, 358, 7543, 279, 6693, 420, 6693, 3318, 449, 24172, 728, 389, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 66212, 2199, 13, 1102, 753, 5128, 13548, 323, 4033, 3411, 13, 1226, 617, 682, 21522, 315, 21845, 369, 2204, 5990, 315, 7231, 13, 20696, 505, 3779, 311, 264, 1160, 315, 1054, 791, 7648, 37633, 9029, 389, 279, 29935, 863, 311, 1949, 259, 49760, 1981, 430, 9167, 1431, 1027, 6319, 3686, 13, 77253, 1314, 30, 1102, 374, 2103, 13548, 323, 358, 1097, 2763, 753, 315, 1274, 9298, 627, 1271, 387, 54284, 30, 358, 1541, 1431, 1518, 433, 2133, 12660, 13, 1789, 1457, 35047, 40, 1097, 539, 264, 8389, 308, 6709, 0, 4452, 358, 1097, 26569, 627, 40, 4344, 16913, 433, 374, 2133, 311, 387, 264, 1695, 1418, 1603, 584, 5662, 477, 1176, 5915, 315, 400, 868, 13, 578, 1925, 2944, 358, 1903, 264, 66212, 2199, 374, 279, 1890, 2944, 358, 2231, 279, 18181, 836, 12660, 13, 25531, 279, 836, 1054, 791, 9304, 31079, 388, 30869, 863, 439, 1690, 7634, 439, 3284, 0, 578, 810, 7634, 358, 649, 636, 1057, 836, 704, 279, 2731, 13, 66212, 374, 1120, 2500, 2035, 358, 649, 51936, 279, 18181, 311, 387, 10978, 627, 2173, 3388, 422, 279, 18181, 1587, 3604, 1212, 12798, 369, 1202, 1866, 20256, 358, 1053, 387, 26259, 7953, 4339, 13, 31886, 430, 358, 1781, 856, 2010, 1053, 16135, 449, 26259, 2136, 627, 4071, 422, 358, 2646, 1304, 264, 74953, 505, 420, 18181, 287, 3245, 430, 753, 17339, 449, 757, 311, 0, 358, 656, 539, 1390, 311, 1304, 55346, 1606, 358, 1390, 311, 58191, 553, 1124, 358, 1304, 55346, 1606, 358, 3021, 3815, 433, 0, 8602, 65741, 358, 1440, 13, 2030, 433, 374, 837, 0, 1789, 5606, 889, 1390, 753, 311, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 1057, 66212, 2199, 279, 2723, 374, 1618, 627, 128001 ]
The coolant mist collector is a type of industrial air purifier which is made to remove the dust, particulates, and fumes in the air. The coolant mist collector is used commonly in the manufacturing settings such as the CNC production line or precision machining factories because an immense amount of fumes, particulates and other types of aerosols is generated during the metalworking operations such as CNC grinding or drilling. The aerosols or coolant mist are gluey and sticky substances made of industrial liquids, such as water vapors, lubricants or oils, and the particulate matters and dust. These substances will spread to places and gather into a greasy layer on the walls, ceilings, floors and the machines. The floor can become slippery and result in accidental falls of the employees in the work place. In addition, if the employees inhale the air with these substances, the respiratory system and lungs will be damaged. Furthermore, when they stuck into the gaps or joints of the machines, they jeopardize the precision and accuracy of them. If these substances are not properly collected and evacuated, they will compromise the employee safety and the working environment as well as causing higher cost of machinery maintenance. Therefore, the coolant mist collector is needed in these places to eliminate such conditions. The coolant mist plays an important role in the CNC metalwork operations. It is used to dissipate excess heat generated during heavy-duty, high-speed machining operations. In the cooling process, the coolant is combined with the air and released in the working operations; when the air mixed with coolant evaporates, the machines cool down. By cooling down the machines and tools, the efficiency of the work is enhanced significantly. The coolant is usually an oil-based synthetic substance, when they evaporate and release back into the air, they will eventually settle on all surfaces as mentioned. The coolant mist with dust and particulates will gather on floors, machines and people. The coolant mist is certainly useful to cool down the machines while working, but it can lead to irritation reactions and severe respiratory conditions if inhaled by people and they can affect the functions of the CNC machines in a long term if the mist is not removed. To remove the coolant mist and the unwanted aerosols from the air, the coolant mist collector is needed. There are three types of coolant mist collectors; each of them functions with the application of different mechanisms and unique features. They are best applicable to different environments, so when it comes to the selection of a coolant mist collector, how they work and to where it is going to be applied should be taken into consideration. The electrostatic coolant mist collectors apply the electrostatic technology with high voltage currents to gather the particulate matters and industrial liquids in the air. It works by giving the particulates positive charges and when they pass through plates with negative charges, they are trapped and hence filtered out from the air. However, when exposed to the coolant mist in a long period of time, the collector will be covered by a layer of the aerosols and the efficiency will decline. The monthly cleaning is required when using an electrostatic coolant mist collector. Depending on how heavy the duty is, the maintenance interval is suggested to be shortened. The centrifugal mist collector has the collecting system that revolves around the rotating filter. It is the oldest design of the coolant mist collectors. When the system revolves, the centrifugal force pushes the aerosols and particulates outwards to the wall of the machine. The walls are made of filters which trap the particulates and drain out the pure air only; the aerosols will stay on the wall. The drawbacks of this type of collector are that it can cause loud noises and it takes more power to work. The multi-stage media cartridge mist collector uses the 3-stage media system to filter the particulates. Some of the collectors include HEPA filters to better capture the industrial smoke and oil-based substances in the air. The maintenance of the collector is quite simple: just replace the filters regularly. This type of coolant mist collector is the most popular among the three because it is easy to maintain, it does not require much power, and it is silent while working. IMTS Exhibition includes manufacturers from around the world. Send us a message with your requirements and our IMTS Experts will happily help you with your questions.	897	[ 128000, 791, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 264, 955, 315, 13076, 3805, 4087, 3125, 902, 374, 1903, 311, 4148, 279, 16174, 11, 2598, 24031, 11, 323, 282, 19131, 304, 279, 3805, 13, 578, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 1511, 17037, 304, 279, 15266, 5110, 1778, 439, 279, 60797, 5788, 1584, 477, 16437, 98423, 35159, 1606, 459, 38883, 3392, 315, 282, 19131, 11, 2598, 24031, 323, 1023, 4595, 315, 49825, 3145, 374, 8066, 2391, 279, 9501, 21837, 7677, 1778, 439, 60797, 17282, 477, 39662, 13, 578, 49825, 3145, 477, 97870, 8770, 527, 38561, 88, 323, 28502, 33155, 1903, 315, 13076, 67849, 11, 1778, 439, 3090, 68857, 1105, 11, 54494, 1821, 477, 32462, 11, 323, 279, 2598, 6468, 13146, 323, 16174, 13, 4314, 33155, 690, 9041, 311, 7634, 323, 9762, 1139, 264, 2886, 6539, 6324, 389, 279, 14620, 11, 56814, 11, 27035, 323, 279, 12933, 13, 578, 6558, 649, 3719, 71672, 323, 1121, 304, 50016, 17503, 315, 279, 8420, 304, 279, 990, 2035, 627, 644, 5369, 11, 422, 279, 8420, 60537, 1604, 279, 3805, 449, 1521, 33155, 11, 279, 42631, 1887, 323, 45274, 690, 387, 20727, 13, 24296, 11, 994, 814, 16075, 1139, 279, 33251, 477, 35358, 315, 279, 12933, 11, 814, 53132, 553, 279, 16437, 323, 13708, 315, 1124, 13, 1442, 1521, 33155, 527, 539, 10489, 14890, 323, 63358, 11, 814, 690, 30485, 279, 9548, 7296, 323, 279, 3318, 4676, 439, 1664, 439, 14718, 5190, 2853, 315, 26953, 13709, 13, 15636, 11, 279, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 4460, 304, 1521, 7634, 311, 22472, 1778, 4787, 627, 791, 97870, 8770, 11335, 459, 3062, 3560, 304, 279, 60797, 9501, 1816, 7677, 13, 1102, 374, 1511, 311, 93522, 349, 13937, 8798, 8066, 2391, 8987, 55618, 11, 1579, 30699, 98423, 7677, 13, 763, 279, 28015, 1920, 11, 279, 97870, 374, 11093, 449, 279, 3805, 323, 6004, 304, 279, 3318, 7677, 26, 994, 279, 3805, 9709, 449, 97870, 60150, 988, 11, 279, 12933, 7155, 1523, 13, 3296, 28015, 1523, 279, 12933, 323, 7526, 11, 279, 15374, 315, 279, 990, 374, 24872, 12207, 627, 791, 97870, 374, 6118, 459, 5707, 6108, 28367, 20278, 11, 994, 814, 60150, 349, 323, 4984, 1203, 1139, 279, 3805, 11, 814, 690, 9778, 25760, 389, 682, 27529, 439, 9932, 13, 578, 97870, 8770, 449, 16174, 323, 2598, 24031, 690, 9762, 389, 27035, 11, 12933, 323, 1274, 13, 578, 97870, 8770, 374, 7995, 5505, 311, 7155, 1523, 279, 12933, 1418, 3318, 11, 719, 433, 649, 3063, 311, 66510, 25481, 323, 15748, 42631, 4787, 422, 304, 60985, 555, 1274, 323, 814, 649, 7958, 279, 5865, 315, 279, 60797, 12933, 304, 264, 1317, 4751, 422, 279, 8770, 374, 539, 7108, 627, 1271, 4148, 279, 97870, 8770, 323, 279, 36021, 49825, 3145, 505, 279, 3805, 11, 279, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 4460, 13, 2684, 527, 2380, 4595, 315, 97870, 8770, 52548, 26, 1855, 315, 1124, 5865, 449, 279, 3851, 315, 2204, 24717, 323, 5016, 4519, 13, 2435, 527, 1888, 8581, 311, 2204, 22484, 11, 779, 994, 433, 4131, 311, 279, 6727, 315, 264, 97870, 8770, 33053, 11, 1268, 814, 990, 323, 311, 1405, 433, 374, 2133, 311, 387, 9435, 1288, 387, 4529, 1139, 18361, 627, 791, 25396, 2020, 97870, 8770, 52548, 3881, 279, 25396, 2020, 5557, 449, 1579, 22465, 60701, 311, 9762, 279, 2598, 6468, 13146, 323, 13076, 67849, 304, 279, 3805, 13, 1102, 4375, 555, 7231, 279, 2598, 24031, 6928, 10405, 323, 994, 814, 1522, 1555, 25485, 449, 8389, 10405, 11, 814, 527, 31691, 323, 16472, 18797, 704, 505, 279, 3805, 13, 4452, 11, 994, 15246, 311, 279, 97870, 8770, 304, 264, 1317, 4261, 315, 892, 11, 279, 33053, 690, 387, 9960, 555, 264, 6324, 315, 279, 49825, 3145, 323, 279, 15374, 690, 18174, 13, 578, 15438, 16204, 374, 2631, 994, 1701, 459, 25396, 2020, 97870, 8770, 33053, 13, 40730, 389, 1268, 8987, 279, 14523, 374, 11, 279, 13709, 10074, 374, 12090, 311, 387, 66663, 627, 791, 74182, 45284, 8770, 33053, 706, 279, 26984, 1887, 430, 79476, 2212, 279, 42496, 4141, 13, 1102, 374, 279, 24417, 2955, 315, 279, 97870, 8770, 52548, 13, 3277, 279, 1887, 79476, 11, 279, 74182, 45284, 5457, 41802, 279, 49825, 3145, 323, 2598, 24031, 704, 4102, 311, 279, 7147, 315, 279, 5780, 13, 578, 14620, 527, 1903, 315, 13711, 902, 23709, 279, 2598, 24031, 323, 24659, 704, 279, 10748, 3805, 1193, 26, 279, 49825, 3145, 690, 4822, 389, 279, 7147, 13, 578, 89173, 315, 420, 955, 315, 33053, 527, 430, 433, 649, 5353, 17813, 58448, 323, 433, 5097, 810, 2410, 311, 990, 627, 791, 7447, 51256, 3772, 51962, 8770, 33053, 5829, 279, 220, 18, 51256, 3772, 1887, 311, 4141, 279, 2598, 24031, 13, 4427, 315, 279, 52548, 2997, 11947, 8201, 13711, 311, 2731, 12602, 279, 13076, 16603, 323, 5707, 6108, 33155, 304, 279, 3805, 13, 578, 13709, 315, 279, 33053, 374, 5115, 4382, 25, 1120, 8454, 279, 13711, 15870, 13, 1115, 955, 315, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 279, 1455, 5526, 4315, 279, 2380, 1606, 433, 374, 4228, 311, 10519, 11, 433, 1587, 539, 1397, 1790, 2410, 11, 323, 433, 374, 21737, 1418, 3318, 627, 1829, 10155, 68033, 5764, 17032, 505, 2212, 279, 1917, 13, 11244, 603, 264, 1984, 449, 701, 8670, 323, 1057, 6654, 10155, 51859, 690, 37875, 1520, 499, 449, 701, 4860, 13, 128001 ]
In this rapid burst of punk rage, Mitski repeatedly juxtaposes existential ideas with the pedestrian concerns of life. This highlights the disconnect between the grand scope of her thoughts and the reality of what she needs to do to survive in society. The absurdity of this contrast makes her plead for the chance to be martyred as Jesus was. Rather than deal with the mundanities of living, she seeks to die in a manner that will imbue her life with meaning.	95	[ 128000, 198, 644, 420, 11295, 21165, 315, 36858, 34049, 11, 60676, 6780, 19352, 98953, 20274, 67739, 6848, 449, 279, 47854, 10742, 315, 2324, 13, 1115, 22020, 279, 30069, 1990, 279, 6800, 7036, 315, 1077, 11555, 323, 279, 8903, 315, 1148, 1364, 3966, 311, 656, 311, 18167, 304, 8396, 13, 578, 32677, 488, 315, 420, 13168, 3727, 1077, 73293, 369, 279, 6140, 311, 387, 60449, 1171, 439, 10811, 574, 13, 26848, 1109, 3568, 449, 279, 41666, 276, 1385, 315, 5496, 11, 1364, 26737, 311, 2815, 304, 264, 11827, 430, 690, 73354, 361, 1077, 2324, 449, 7438, 13, 128001 ]
The silencing phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana lines with an inverted repeat transgene under the control of a phloem-specific promoter was manifested in regions around veins due to a mobile signal of silencing... OBJECTIVE—To study the efficacy of anti–miRNA-33 therapy on the progression of atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS—Ldlr mice were injected subcutaneously... Summary Transcriptional silencing and anti‐silencing mechanisms modulate bacterial physiology and virulence in many human pathogens... Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) processes double‐stranded (ds) RNAs into 21–25 nucleotide (nt) RNA fragments that direct ribonucleases to target cognate mRNAs... DNAzymes hold promise for gene‐silencing therapy, but the lack of sufficient cofactors in the cell cytoplasm, poor membrane permeability, and poor biostability have limited the use of DNAzymes in therapeutics... There are at least three RNA silencing pathways for silencing specific genes in plants... .... We assessed the potential of host-induced gene silencing targeting the fungal cytochrome P450 lanosterol C-14α-demethylase (CYP51... Successful application of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) for gene function study in both plants and animals depends on high target specificity and silencing efficiency... .... We are characterizing RNA-mediated chromatin silencing of the Arabidopsis major floral repressor gene, FLC...	329	[ 128000, 791, 5554, 11627, 82423, 304, 10989, 307, 33906, 270, 10700, 64, 5238, 449, 459, 47801, 13454, 1380, 43471, 1234, 279, 2585, 315, 264, 1343, 385, 336, 19440, 66642, 574, 79754, 304, 13918, 2212, 60764, 4245, 311, 264, 6505, 8450, 315, 5554, 11627, 9522, 44947, 6674, 2345, 1271, 4007, 279, 41265, 315, 7294, 4235, 8318, 31820, 12, 1644, 15419, 389, 279, 33824, 315, 264, 91882, 91711, 13, 94754, 12137, 3651, 54128, 2345, 43, 8910, 81, 24548, 1051, 41772, 1207, 10453, 20933, 9522, 19791, 4149, 1479, 278, 5554, 11627, 323, 7294, 31021, 35904, 11627, 24717, 1491, 6468, 45964, 78152, 323, 9043, 59566, 304, 1690, 3823, 78284, 9522, 4226, 1485, 1479, 278, 15207, 5554, 11627, 320, 2898, 16929, 8, 11618, 2033, 31021, 496, 6601, 320, 5469, 8, 46916, 2170, 1139, 220, 1691, 4235, 914, 31484, 69044, 320, 406, 8, 41214, 35603, 430, 2167, 20735, 263, 22935, 2315, 311, 2218, 19329, 349, 296, 51295, 2170, 9522, 56420, 21436, 288, 3412, 11471, 369, 15207, 31021, 35904, 11627, 15419, 11, 719, 279, 6996, 315, 14343, 69903, 21846, 304, 279, 2849, 9693, 99705, 10753, 11, 8009, 39654, 55424, 2968, 11, 323, 8009, 6160, 537, 2968, 617, 7347, 279, 1005, 315, 15922, 21436, 288, 304, 9139, 88886, 9522, 3947, 527, 520, 3325, 2380, 41214, 5554, 11627, 44014, 369, 5554, 11627, 3230, 21389, 304, 11012, 9522, 1975, 1226, 32448, 279, 4754, 315, 3552, 38973, 15207, 5554, 11627, 25103, 279, 95447, 9693, 998, 33002, 393, 10617, 31791, 11975, 337, 356, 12, 975, 19481, 77779, 42972, 521, 320, 34, 10158, 3971, 9522, 37474, 3851, 315, 1772, 1485, 1479, 278, 15207, 5554, 11627, 320, 2898, 16929, 8, 369, 15207, 734, 4007, 304, 2225, 11012, 323, 10099, 14117, 389, 1579, 2218, 76041, 323, 5554, 11627, 15374, 9522, 1975, 1226, 527, 3752, 4954, 41214, 82076, 22083, 15111, 5554, 11627, 315, 279, 10989, 307, 33906, 3682, 46119, 312, 57320, 15207, 11, 435, 8724, 9522, 128001 ]
As part of the First Contact Day celebrations John DeLancie has been confirmed to return as Q for the second season of STAR TREK: PICARD. Yesterday we celebrated First Contact Day, marking the occasion of first contact between humans and Vulcans on April 5, 2063. As part of the celebrations the folks at Star Trek and Paramount+ had a number of reveals for us. First of those was the confirmation that John DeLancie will be returning as Q for a number of episodes in Star Trek: Picard season 2. The series, currently in production, debuted a teaser featuring dialogue from both Patrick Stewart and DeLancie teasing the impish character’s return. Watch the moment that DeLancie was confirmed to return in the player below and head down the page for the Star Trek: Picard season 2 teaser.	172	[ 128000, 2170, 961, 315, 279, 5629, 9359, 6187, 47674, 3842, 1611, 43, 1149, 648, 706, 1027, 11007, 311, 471, 439, 1229, 369, 279, 2132, 3280, 315, 57845, 77986, 42, 25, 61706, 7527, 627, 51377, 584, 28284, 5629, 9359, 6187, 11, 36024, 279, 13402, 315, 1176, 3729, 1990, 12966, 323, 38506, 66, 598, 389, 5936, 220, 20, 11, 220, 11056, 18, 13, 1666, 961, 315, 279, 47674, 279, 15687, 520, 7834, 31571, 323, 82910, 10, 1047, 264, 1396, 315, 21667, 369, 603, 627, 5451, 315, 1884, 574, 279, 20109, 430, 3842, 1611, 43, 1149, 648, 690, 387, 13758, 439, 1229, 369, 264, 1396, 315, 18243, 304, 7834, 31571, 25, 26987, 569, 3280, 220, 17, 13, 578, 4101, 11, 5131, 304, 5788, 11, 58185, 264, 70653, 16850, 21976, 505, 2225, 20199, 29868, 323, 1611, 43, 1149, 648, 71463, 279, 3242, 819, 3752, 753, 471, 627, 14581, 279, 4545, 430, 1611, 43, 1149, 648, 574, 11007, 311, 471, 304, 279, 2851, 3770, 323, 2010, 1523, 279, 2199, 369, 279, 7834, 31571, 25, 26987, 569, 3280, 220, 17, 70653, 627, 128001 ]
Colonial Writing and the New World, 1583-1671: Allegories of Desire Colonial Writing in the New World 1583 1671 offers an account of the simultaneous emergence of colonialism and nationalism during the early modern period. It looks at the role that English interactions with native populations played in attempts to articulate a coherent English identity. Unlike most other studies of the subject, it suggests that colonialism is best understood as a phenomenon which had profound significance for people on both sides of the Atlantic. What people are saying - Write a review Other editions - View all able According activity allegory allow America appear argues argument articulate assertion attempt become bring called Catholic century chapter Christian claims colonial colonists construct context conversion course critical culture DeBry DeBry's define describes desire Dialogues discourse discussion effect efforts Eliot England English English colonial engravings enterprise European fact fear figures follows function give Gray hand Harriot hope images imagine important Indians instance interests Ireland Irenius Irish John land language later Léry less live London Massachusetts means missionary move namely narrative national identity native inhabitants native populations nature offer period political position present problems Protestant Protestantism published Puritans question readers religious represent seems sense sermons serve settlers significant simply Spanish Spenser suggests Symonds things true turn ultimately University Press View Virginia Voyage Williams Williams's World writing York	261	[ 128000, 89765, 532, 24838, 323, 279, 1561, 4435, 11, 220, 11286, 18, 12, 11515, 16, 25, 58824, 2490, 315, 82524, 198, 89765, 532, 24838, 304, 279, 1561, 4435, 220, 11286, 18, 220, 11515, 16, 6209, 459, 2759, 315, 279, 58632, 49179, 315, 37683, 2191, 323, 60533, 2391, 279, 4216, 6617, 4261, 13, 1102, 5992, 520, 279, 3560, 430, 6498, 22639, 449, 10068, 22673, 6476, 304, 13865, 311, 69318, 264, 56887, 6498, 9764, 13, 27140, 1455, 1023, 7978, 315, 279, 3917, 11, 433, 13533, 430, 37683, 2191, 374, 1888, 16365, 439, 264, 25885, 902, 1047, 28254, 26431, 369, 1274, 389, 2225, 11314, 315, 279, 23179, 627, 3923, 1274, 527, 5605, 482, 9842, 264, 3477, 198, 11663, 47634, 482, 2806, 682, 198, 481, 10771, 5820, 7179, 683, 2187, 5270, 5101, 29633, 5811, 69318, 28519, 4879, 3719, 4546, 2663, 16879, 9478, 12735, 9052, 8349, 37683, 15235, 1705, 9429, 2317, 14747, 3388, 9200, 7829, 1611, 33, 894, 1611, 33, 894, 596, 7124, 16964, 12876, 13698, 1157, 41602, 10430, 2515, 9045, 34362, 354, 9635, 6498, 6498, 37683, 665, 36490, 826, 20790, 7665, 2144, 8850, 12678, 11263, 734, 3041, 24255, 1450, 5340, 85150, 3987, 5448, 13085, 3062, 30507, 2937, 12034, 14990, 358, 1466, 9334, 18088, 3842, 4363, 4221, 3010, 445, 125949, 2753, 3974, 7295, 22108, 3445, 73998, 3351, 32125, 19775, 5426, 9764, 10068, 40771, 10068, 22673, 7138, 3085, 4261, 5054, 2361, 3118, 5435, 60753, 60753, 2191, 4756, 14874, 275, 598, 3488, 13016, 10597, 4097, 5084, 5647, 1446, 24483, 8854, 61107, 5199, 5042, 15506, 3165, 60544, 13533, 11629, 51058, 2574, 837, 2543, 13967, 3907, 8612, 2806, 13286, 96372, 13926, 13926, 596, 4435, 4477, 4356, 128001 ]
This product is great! I noticed an amazing difference in my hair after just one use. I normally blow dry and straighten my hair (which is bleached blonde), so it's often very dried out. This serum, although pricey, works wonders. My hair is softer, smoother and less frizzy, and it only required about a dime sized portion.4	74	[ 128000, 198, 2028, 2027, 374, 2294, 0, 358, 14000, 459, 8056, 6811, 304, 856, 7013, 1306, 1120, 832, 1005, 13, 358, 14614, 12523, 9235, 323, 7833, 268, 856, 7013, 320, 8370, 374, 12704, 3939, 27117, 705, 779, 433, 596, 3629, 1633, 32720, 704, 13, 1115, 41529, 11, 8051, 79462, 11, 4375, 40164, 13, 3092, 7013, 374, 64230, 11, 61405, 323, 2753, 1448, 91591, 11, 323, 433, 1193, 2631, 922, 264, 74953, 30387, 13651, 13, 19, 128001 ]
CORONA VIRUS AND PREGNANCY Coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold and seasonal flu. Symptoms range from mild to severe. COVID-19 is the name given to the disease caused by this year’s outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus. MODE OF SPREAD OF VIRUS: The new coronavirus spreads from person to person via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes especially when people are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet). Pregnant women experience immunologic changes which make them more susceptible to viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19. It’s not clear if a COVID-19 an infection could harm an unborn child, although high fevers during the first trimester can be detrimental. As rightly said “Prevention is better than cure”, it is advisable to take all possible precautions to avoid CORONA infection. These precautions include: - Washing hands frequently with soap and water. Wash for at least 20 seconds before you eat, after you sneeze and after using the bathroom. - Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers in addition to hand-washing. - Regularly clean surfaces like counters, mobile phones, tables, etc. - Avoid crowded places like markets, malls etc. - Cover your mouth with tissue/ handkerchief while sneezing and - Avoid contact with anyone with cold or flu symptoms. - Stay home from work if you are sick. Whether the disease will be transmitted to the foetus or the newborn baby if the mother has corona infection during pregnancy is not clear yet. Also, there is no information on long-term health effects on infants either with COVID-19, or those exposed in utero to the virus that causes COVID-19. CARE OF NEWBORN TO AVOID COVID 19 INFECTION: Newborns have undeveloped immune systems. Hence they are also susceptible to the infection. Precautions to be taken are: - It’s best to avoid taking the newborn to crowded places. - Limit the number of visitors visiting the baby. - Ask people to wash hands with soap and water and also use sanitizers before touching the baby. - Breastfeeding is recommended, as babies receive antibodies (since there is no evidence yet, that corona infection can be passed on through breast milk). - INCASE OF ANY QUERIES/ COMPLAINTS IT’S BEST TOCONSULT YOUR DOCTOR. - STAY CALM AND DO NOT PANIC. - MEDITATE, EAT HEALTHY FOOD AND STAY INDOORS, TO INCREASE YOUR IMMUNITY.	589	[ 128000, 53420, 96087, 75795, 2078, 3651, 393, 12450, 45, 27267, 56, 198, 10803, 263, 24713, 374, 264, 3070, 315, 42068, 430, 649, 5353, 42631, 13803, 4528, 311, 279, 4279, 9439, 323, 36899, 20236, 13, 77417, 2134, 505, 23900, 311, 15748, 13, 20562, 12, 777, 374, 279, 836, 2728, 311, 279, 8624, 9057, 555, 420, 1060, 753, 31188, 315, 264, 502, 26800, 315, 33333, 627, 23653, 3083, 9440, 9754, 3083, 75795, 2078, 512, 791, 502, 33333, 43653, 505, 1732, 311, 1732, 4669, 42631, 7118, 90592, 9124, 994, 459, 29374, 1732, 40700, 82, 477, 21423, 10333, 288, 5423, 994, 1274, 527, 304, 3345, 3729, 449, 832, 2500, 320, 56950, 922, 220, 21, 7693, 570, 60747, 519, 3278, 3217, 33119, 39227, 4442, 902, 1304, 1124, 810, 47281, 311, 29962, 42631, 30020, 11, 2737, 20562, 12, 777, 13, 1102, 753, 539, 2867, 422, 264, 20562, 12, 777, 459, 19405, 1436, 11682, 459, 86333, 1716, 11, 8051, 1579, 1172, 3078, 2391, 279, 1176, 75110, 261, 649, 387, 65069, 627, 2170, 54466, 1071, 1054, 4808, 7611, 374, 2731, 1109, 27208, 9520, 433, 374, 69919, 311, 1935, 682, 3284, 61003, 311, 5766, 27563, 96087, 19405, 627, 9673, 61003, 2997, 512, 12, 82238, 6206, 14134, 449, 27883, 323, 3090, 13, 6113, 369, 520, 3325, 220, 508, 6622, 1603, 499, 8343, 11, 1306, 499, 21423, 68, 3059, 323, 1306, 1701, 279, 15197, 627, 12, 5560, 13200, 6108, 1450, 20399, 12509, 304, 5369, 311, 1450, 2695, 19587, 627, 12, 29900, 398, 4335, 27529, 1093, 32632, 11, 6505, 18084, 11, 12920, 11, 5099, 627, 12, 35106, 39313, 7634, 1093, 11987, 11, 84468, 5099, 627, 12, 18230, 701, 11013, 449, 20438, 14, 1450, 7197, 62626, 1418, 21423, 10333, 287, 323, 198, 12, 35106, 3729, 449, 5606, 449, 9439, 477, 20236, 13803, 627, 12, 29837, 2162, 505, 990, 422, 499, 527, 14363, 627, 25729, 279, 8624, 690, 387, 34699, 311, 279, 12018, 64476, 477, 279, 46397, 8945, 422, 279, 6691, 706, 1867, 6863, 19405, 2391, 20209, 374, 539, 2867, 3686, 13, 7429, 11, 1070, 374, 912, 2038, 389, 1317, 9860, 2890, 6372, 389, 42534, 3060, 449, 20562, 12, 777, 11, 477, 1884, 15246, 304, 8791, 2382, 311, 279, 17188, 430, 11384, 20562, 12, 777, 627, 34, 4577, 3083, 16560, 33, 47052, 5257, 362, 25019, 20562, 220, 777, 2006, 11673, 3664, 512, 3648, 16381, 82, 617, 59995, 1851, 291, 22852, 6067, 13, 32140, 814, 527, 1101, 47281, 311, 279, 19405, 13, 5075, 936, 4065, 311, 387, 4529, 527, 512, 12, 1102, 753, 1888, 311, 5766, 4737, 279, 46397, 311, 39313, 7634, 627, 12, 29108, 279, 1396, 315, 15613, 17136, 279, 8945, 627, 12, 21069, 1274, 311, 11623, 6206, 449, 27883, 323, 3090, 323, 1101, 1005, 20399, 12509, 1603, 31687, 279, 8945, 627, 12, 57598, 46519, 374, 11349, 11, 439, 24869, 5371, 59854, 320, 11536, 1070, 374, 912, 6029, 3686, 11, 430, 1867, 6863, 19405, 649, 387, 5946, 389, 1555, 17659, 14403, 4390, 12, 18610, 4157, 3083, 4230, 27090, 643, 5482, 14, 7837, 2989, 32, 3301, 50, 8871, 40702, 46882, 5257, 96594, 3616, 21592, 9503, 27371, 627, 12, 4015, 3097, 34007, 44, 3651, 9503, 4276, 73381, 1341, 627, 12, 386, 17379, 2390, 11, 469, 835, 73725, 56, 88227, 3651, 4015, 3097, 2006, 5989, 10022, 11, 5257, 2006, 80691, 21592, 69493, 57273, 13, 128001 ]
<# .SYNOPSIS Helper script to build OpenPype Installer. .DESCRIPTION This script will use already built OpenPype (in `build` directory) and create Windows installer from it using Inno Setup (https://jrsoftware.org/) .EXAMPLE PS> .\build_win_installer.ps1 #> function Start-Progress { param([ScriptBlock]$code) $scroll = "/-\\|/-\\|" $idx = 0 $job = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $env:ComputerName -ScriptBlock { $code } -AsJob $origpos = $host.UI.RawUI.CursorPosition # $origpos.Y -= 1 while (($job.State -eq "Running") -and ($job.State -ne "NotStarted")) { $host.UI.RawUI.CursorPosition = $origpos Write-Host $scroll[$idx] -NoNewline $idx++ if ($idx -ge $scroll.Length) { $idx = 0 } Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100 } # It's over - clear the activity indicator. $host.UI.RawUI.CursorPosition = $origpos Write-Host ' ' <# .SYNOPSIS Display spinner for running job .PARAMETER code Job to display spinner for #> } function Exit-WithCode($exitcode) { # Only exit this host process if it's a child of another PowerShell parent process... $parentPID = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Process -Filter "ProcessId=$PID" \| Select-Object -Property ParentProcessId).ParentProcessId $parentProcName = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Process -Filter "ProcessId=$parentPID" \| Select-Object -Property Name).Name if ('powershell.exe' -eq $parentProcName) { $host.SetShouldExit($exitcode) } exit $exitcode } function Show-PSWarning() { if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 7) { Write-Host "!!! " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Red Write-Host "You are using old version of PowerShell. $($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major).$($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Minor)" Write-Host "Please update to at least 7.0 - " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Gray Write-Host "https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases" -ForegroundColor White Exit-WithCode 1 } } $art = @" . . .. . .. _oOOP3OPP3Op_. . .PPpo~. .. ~2p. .. .... . . .Ppo . .pPO3Op.. . O:. . . . .3Pp . oP3'. 'P33. . 4 .. . . . .. . . . .~OP 3PO. .Op3 : . .. _____ _____ _____ .P3O . oP3oP3O3P' . . . . / /./ /./ / O3:. O3p~ . .:. . ./____/./____/ /____/ 'P . 3p3. oP3~. ..P:. . . .. . . .. . . . . ': . Po' .Opo'. .3O. . o[ by Pype Club ]]]==- - - . . . '_ .. . . _OP3.. . .https://openpype.io.. . ~P3.OPPPO3OP~ . .. . . ' '. . .. . . . .. . "@ Write-Host $art -ForegroundColor DarkGreen # Enable if PS 7.x is needed. # Show-PSWarning $current_dir = Get-Location $script_dir = Split-Path -Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent $openpype_root = (Get-Item $script_dir).parent.FullName Set-Location -Path $openpype_root $version_file = Get-Content -Path "$($openpype_root)\openpype\version.py" $result = [regex]::Matches($version_file, '__version__ = "(?<version>\d+\.\d+.\d+.)"') $openpype_version = $result[0].Groups['version'].Value if (-not $openpype_version) { Write-Host "!!! " -ForegroundColor yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "Cannot determine OpenPype version." Exit-WithCode 1 } $env:BUILD_VERSION = $openpype_version iscc Write-Host ">>> " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor green Write-Host "Creating OpenPype installer ... " -ForegroundColor white $build_dir_command = @" import sys from distutils.util import get_platform print('exe.{}-{}'.format(get_platform(), sys.version[0:3])) "@ $build_dir = & python -c $build_dir_command Write-Host "Build directory ... ${build_dir}" -ForegroundColor white $env:BUILD_DIR = $build_dir if (Get-Command iscc -errorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable ProcessError) { iscc "$openpype_root\inno_setup.iss" }else { Write-Host "!!! Cannot find Inno Setup command" -ForegroundColor red Write-Host "!!! You can download it at https://jrsoftware.org/" -ForegroundColor red Exit-WithCode 1 } Write-Host ">>> " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor green Write-Host "restoring current directory" Set-Location -Path $current_dir Write-Host "** " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host "All done. You will find OpenPype installer in " -NoNewLine Write-Host "'.\build'" -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host " directory."	1,752	[ 128000, 27, 5062, 815, 25259, 92255, 198, 220, 13202, 5429, 311, 1977, 5377, 47, 500, 89191, 382, 94220, 31698, 198, 220, 1115, 5429, 690, 1005, 2736, 5918, 5377, 47, 500, 320, 258, 1595, 5957, 63, 6352, 8, 323, 198, 220, 1893, 5632, 44152, 505, 433, 1701, 763, 2201, 19139, 320, 2485, 1129, 60013, 37751, 2726, 14, 696, 23208, 19454, 271, 5119, 29, 662, 59, 5957, 26756, 18212, 14283, 58428, 16, 271, 2, 1363, 1723, 5256, 12, 9685, 341, 262, 1719, 2625, 6035, 4818, 95380, 1889, 340, 262, 400, 12891, 284, 3605, 31629, 91, 24572, 59, 91, 702, 262, 400, 6495, 284, 220, 15, 198, 262, 400, 8975, 284, 40767, 12, 4153, 482, 38432, 678, 400, 3239, 25, 38432, 678, 482, 6035, 4818, 314, 400, 1889, 335, 482, 2170, 12524, 271, 262, 400, 4775, 981, 284, 400, 3875, 8380, 51675, 2327, 31029, 3897, 271, 262, 674, 400, 4775, 981, 7659, 6110, 220, 16, 271, 262, 1418, 27954, 8975, 19478, 482, 11251, 330, 19527, 909, 482, 438, 1746, 8975, 19478, 482, 818, 330, 2688, 33627, 5572, 262, 341, 286, 400, 3875, 8380, 51675, 2327, 31029, 3897, 284, 400, 4775, 981, 198, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 400, 12891, 3525, 6495, 60, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 198, 286, 400, 6495, 23792, 286, 422, 1746, 6495, 482, 713, 400, 12891, 6976, 340, 286, 341, 310, 400, 6495, 284, 220, 15, 198, 286, 457, 286, 5256, 6354, 3583, 482, 42854, 220, 1041, 198, 262, 457, 262, 674, 1102, 596, 927, 482, 2867, 279, 5820, 21070, 627, 262, 400, 3875, 8380, 51675, 2327, 31029, 3897, 284, 400, 4775, 981, 198, 262, 9842, 12, 9480, 364, 8044, 220, 366, 5062, 220, 662, 18923, 45, 92255, 198, 220, 10848, 36591, 369, 4401, 2683, 198, 220, 662, 20810, 20856, 2082, 198, 220, 12280, 311, 3113, 36591, 369, 198, 220, 674, 397, 3818, 1723, 19532, 84256, 2123, 703, 13966, 1889, 8, 341, 256, 674, 8442, 4974, 420, 3552, 1920, 422, 433, 596, 264, 1716, 315, 2500, 75062, 2748, 1920, 9522, 256, 400, 3850, 34851, 284, 320, 1991, 7813, 318, 2584, 482, 14883, 12468, 843, 71341, 482, 5750, 330, 7575, 769, 3266, 34851, 1, 765, 8593, 12, 1211, 482, 3128, 17457, 7575, 769, 570, 8553, 7575, 769, 198, 256, 400, 3850, 25522, 678, 284, 320, 1991, 7813, 318, 2584, 482, 14883, 12468, 843, 71341, 482, 5750, 330, 7575, 769, 3266, 3850, 34851, 1, 765, 8593, 12, 1211, 482, 3128, 4076, 570, 678, 198, 256, 422, 4417, 78404, 57195, 19963, 6, 482, 11251, 400, 3850, 25522, 678, 8, 314, 400, 3875, 4296, 15346, 15699, 703, 13966, 1889, 8, 557, 256, 4974, 400, 13966, 1889, 198, 633, 1723, 7073, 12, 5119, 12358, 368, 341, 262, 422, 1746, 5119, 5755, 2620, 1087, 50, 5755, 1345, 3111, 482, 4937, 220, 22, 8, 341, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 12340, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 3816, 198, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 2675, 527, 1701, 2362, 2373, 315, 75062, 13, 95077, 5119, 5755, 2620, 1087, 50, 5755, 1345, 3111, 570, 3, 703, 5119, 5755, 2620, 1087, 50, 5755, 17507, 269, 13251, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 5618, 2713, 311, 520, 3325, 220, 22, 13, 15, 482, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 24255, 198, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 2485, 1129, 5316, 916, 14, 15335, 26354, 14, 15335, 26354, 59287, 1, 482, 86097, 5929, 198, 286, 19532, 84256, 2123, 220, 16, 198, 262, 457, 633, 3, 472, 284, 571, 1875, 1835, 662, 662, 256, 5354, 257, 662, 262, 55638, 286, 721, 78, 46, 3143, 18, 3143, 47, 18, 7271, 5056, 16853, 257, 662, 4505, 5481, 93, 13, 256, 5354, 256, 4056, 17, 79, 13, 220, 5354, 220, 22666, 220, 662, 220, 16853, 262, 662, 47, 5481, 662, 662, 79, 2089, 18, 7271, 497, 662, 507, 17406, 662, 662, 16853, 256, 662, 18, 47, 79, 662, 297, 47, 18, 4527, 364, 47, 1644, 13, 662, 220, 19, 5354, 256, 662, 220, 662, 256, 662, 5354, 662, 220, 662, 220, 16853, 220, 662, 93, 3143, 262, 220, 18, 2089, 13, 220, 662, 7271, 18, 262, 551, 662, 5354, 220, 66992, 220, 66992, 220, 66992, 198, 220, 662, 47, 18, 46, 220, 662, 297, 47, 18, 78, 47, 18, 46, 18, 47, 6, 662, 662, 662, 256, 662, 611, 262, 611, 1761, 262, 611, 1761, 262, 40081, 256, 507, 18, 17406, 256, 507, 18, 79, 93, 662, 996, 662, 17406, 662, 13288, 2179, 14, 1761, 2179, 14, 611, 2179, 6018, 256, 364, 47, 662, 256, 220, 18, 79, 18, 13, 220, 297, 47, 18, 93, 13, 5354, 47, 17406, 662, 220, 662, 5354, 220, 662, 256, 662, 5354, 662, 220, 662, 220, 16853, 220, 662, 13906, 220, 662, 14128, 6, 220, 662, 46, 5481, 4527, 662, 18, 46, 13, 662, 220, 297, 58, 555, 393, 500, 10349, 2331, 5163, 47771, 482, 482, 662, 220, 16853, 262, 662, 9418, 5354, 220, 662, 262, 662, 721, 3143, 18, 497, 220, 662, 220, 662, 2485, 1129, 2569, 79, 500, 4340, 497, 16853, 260, 4056, 47, 18, 82663, 47, 2089, 18, 3143, 93, 662, 5354, 220, 16853, 1881, 662, 220, 364, 6389, 662, 220, 5354, 662, 662, 662, 5354, 220, 6905, 1, 19908, 8144, 12, 9480, 400, 472, 482, 86097, 12538, 20147, 271, 2, 19078, 422, 11659, 220, 22, 2036, 374, 4460, 627, 2, 7073, 12, 5119, 12358, 271, 75022, 4432, 284, 2175, 12, 4812, 198, 3, 2334, 4432, 284, 28910, 12, 1858, 482, 1858, 400, 5159, 38543, 28152, 4153, 51047, 4144, 482, 8553, 198, 3, 2569, 79, 500, 13290, 284, 320, 1991, 12, 1256, 400, 2334, 4432, 570, 3850, 47089, 271, 1681, 12, 4812, 482, 1858, 400, 2569, 79, 500, 13290, 271, 3, 4464, 2517, 284, 2175, 12, 2831, 482, 1858, 5312, 703, 2569, 79, 500, 13290, 10929, 2569, 79, 500, 59, 4464, 7345, 702, 14578, 284, 510, 27485, 60, 487, 43570, 703, 4464, 2517, 11, 12385, 4464, 565, 284, 12262, 76514, 4464, 8616, 67, 42815, 7255, 67, 10, 7255, 67, 50020, 61995, 1329, 3, 2569, 79, 500, 9625, 284, 400, 1407, 58, 15, 948, 22962, 681, 4464, 7352, 1150, 198, 333, 10505, 1962, 400, 2569, 79, 500, 9625, 8, 341, 220, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 12340, 330, 482, 86097, 14071, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 198, 220, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 17902, 8417, 5377, 47, 500, 2373, 10246, 220, 19532, 84256, 2123, 220, 16, 198, 534, 3, 3239, 25, 48280, 10907, 284, 400, 2569, 79, 500, 9625, 271, 285, 641, 4815, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 20761, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 6307, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 26021, 5377, 47, 500, 44152, 2564, 330, 482, 86097, 4251, 271, 3, 5957, 4432, 11045, 284, 99788, 475, 5826, 198, 1527, 1612, 6159, 2013, 1179, 636, 35360, 198, 1374, 493, 47284, 13, 6390, 12, 39338, 2293, 5550, 35360, 1535, 5826, 20049, 58, 15, 25, 18, 11147, 1, 19908, 3, 5957, 4432, 284, 612, 10344, 482, 66, 400, 5957, 4432, 11045, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 11313, 6352, 2564, 3654, 5957, 4432, 10064, 482, 86097, 4251, 198, 3, 3239, 25, 48280, 8455, 284, 400, 5957, 4432, 271, 333, 320, 1991, 12, 4153, 374, 641, 482, 850, 2573, 8211, 4501, 24433, 482, 1480, 7983, 8773, 1480, 340, 517, 220, 374, 641, 5312, 2569, 79, 500, 13290, 59, 258, 2201, 22074, 13, 1056, 702, 7981, 341, 220, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 12340, 35755, 1505, 763, 2201, 19139, 3290, 1, 482, 86097, 2579, 198, 220, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 12340, 1472, 649, 4232, 433, 520, 3788, 1129, 60013, 37751, 2726, 11474, 482, 86097, 2579, 198, 220, 19532, 84256, 2123, 220, 16, 198, 3818, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 20761, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 6307, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 4014, 5620, 1510, 6352, 702, 1681, 12, 4812, 482, 1858, 400, 3311, 4432, 271, 8144, 12, 9480, 75122, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 93243, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 2460, 2884, 13, 1472, 690, 1505, 5377, 47, 500, 44152, 304, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 2519, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 95897, 59, 5957, 15260, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 7997, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 6352, 10246, 128001 ]
Nurturing. Learning. Growing. Established in 2009, Safe Haven Preschool offers parents with children ages 3 to 5 years old a distinct choice among early childhood preschools in the Raleigh/Cary area. Safe Haven Preschool is a 5-Star rated learning center devoted to instilling in every child, a love for learning, a positive self-concept, and a genuine sense of satisfaction in achieving individual and group success. It is our goal to nurture, educate, and challenge your child to learn and grow in a safe, supportive environment. While many of our students have attended day cares, Safe Haven Preschool is often their first experience in a more structured play and academic preschool environment. We are mindful that this transition can be intimidating to young children. That is why our staff takes great care in creating and maintaining a secure, loving, reassuring atmosphere for each child that feels like home. Safe Haven Preschool’s small student body affords your child and our staff the opportunity to really get to know one another through daily one-on-one interaction, mentoring and supervision. At Safe Haven Preschool, your child will find a second home where friendships are made quickly, diversity is joyfully embraced, and every day of learning and play is creatively structured to develop their cognitive, manipulative, sensory and creative skills, while captivating their imagination. Meet the Director: BJ King, M.Ed. Betty Jean “BJ” King is the Director, and a lead teacher at Safe Haven Leaning Center, a position that she has held since the preschool’s founding in 2008. She earned her undergraduate degree from Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina in 2001. Following several years in corporate administration, BJ joined Kinder Care as a leader teacher while working on her Masters degree. She earned her graduate degree in Administration and Supervision from The University of Phoenix in 2007.	388	[ 128000, 45, 5757, 1711, 13, 21579, 13, 60780, 627, 69320, 291, 304, 220, 1049, 24, 11, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 6209, 6699, 449, 2911, 17051, 220, 18, 311, 220, 20, 1667, 2362, 264, 12742, 5873, 4315, 4216, 20587, 61905, 82, 304, 279, 65183, 11547, 661, 3158, 13, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 374, 264, 220, 20, 39884, 22359, 6975, 4219, 29329, 311, 1798, 9585, 304, 1475, 1716, 11, 264, 3021, 369, 6975, 11, 264, 6928, 659, 15204, 1512, 11, 323, 264, 22785, 5647, 315, 24617, 304, 32145, 3927, 323, 1912, 2450, 13, 1102, 374, 1057, 5915, 311, 79530, 11, 39170, 11, 323, 8815, 701, 1716, 311, 4048, 323, 3139, 304, 264, 6220, 11, 33445, 4676, 627, 8142, 1690, 315, 1057, 4236, 617, 18677, 1938, 34672, 11, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 374, 3629, 872, 1176, 3217, 304, 264, 810, 34030, 1514, 323, 14584, 61905, 4676, 13, 1226, 527, 63442, 430, 420, 9320, 649, 387, 64130, 311, 3995, 2911, 13, 3011, 374, 3249, 1057, 5687, 5097, 2294, 2512, 304, 6968, 323, 20958, 264, 9966, 11, 21955, 11, 82964, 16975, 369, 1855, 1716, 430, 11321, 1093, 2162, 13, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 753, 2678, 5575, 2547, 3611, 2311, 701, 1716, 323, 1057, 5687, 279, 6776, 311, 2216, 636, 311, 1440, 832, 2500, 1555, 7446, 832, 10539, 19101, 16628, 11, 76579, 323, 38217, 627, 1688, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 11, 701, 1716, 690, 1505, 264, 2132, 2162, 1405, 63081, 527, 1903, 6288, 11, 20057, 374, 16267, 3725, 43603, 11, 323, 1475, 1938, 315, 6975, 323, 1514, 374, 93396, 34030, 311, 2274, 872, 25702, 11, 14951, 22948, 11, 49069, 323, 11782, 7512, 11, 1418, 86282, 872, 28899, 627, 41651, 279, 10783, 25, 87599, 6342, 11, 386, 82433, 627, 57299, 1919, 20263, 1054, 15327, 863, 6342, 374, 279, 10783, 11, 323, 264, 3063, 11326, 520, 23088, 42714, 2009, 44159, 5955, 11, 264, 2361, 430, 1364, 706, 5762, 2533, 279, 61905, 753, 36330, 304, 220, 1049, 23, 13, 3005, 15662, 1077, 41534, 8547, 505, 39386, 9304, 304, 42691, 35967, 11, 4892, 13030, 304, 220, 1049, 16, 13, 23548, 3892, 1667, 304, 13166, 8735, 11, 87599, 11096, 45099, 10852, 439, 264, 7808, 11326, 1418, 3318, 389, 1077, 34722, 8547, 13, 3005, 15662, 1077, 19560, 8547, 304, 17128, 323, 62924, 1854, 505, 578, 3907, 315, 23503, 304, 220, 1049, 22, 627, 128001 ]
A recent outbreak in Maryland, including several cases in Carroll County, has raised concern about meales. Measles is caused by a virus. Common symptoms are high fever, upper respiratory symptoms and a rash. Every child should be vaccinated at 15 months. A second measles shot is recommended at age 12. The shots are usually given as MMR -- measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. More than one-third of cases occur in people 15 years and older. People born after 1957 should receive a booster MMR shot; most of those born before 1957 are considered immune to the virus. The Carroll County Health Department, following recommendations by the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, will offer the MMR vaccine to all county sixth-graders and others who need it. The vaccine is available at clinics 2 to 4 p.m. every Tuesday at the Health Department, 540 Washington Road. All children under18 must be accompanied by a parent or legal guardian. There will be no charge for the vaccine, but donations will be accepted. Information: 876-4936, 876-4900 or 857-5000. PROTECT AGAINST RABIES WESTMINSTER -- Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus that can invade the central nervous system of all warm-blooded animals. Sincethe virus lives in the saliva of a rabid animal, the most common waythe disease is spread is through bites. Exposure, in rare cases, also can come from scratches or when saliva from the rabid animal gets into open wounds and mucous membranes, such as eyes, nose and mouth. The disease most often occurs in wildlife, such as bats, skunks and foxes. Livestock and unvaccinated dogs and cats also can get the disease. Ground hogs, squirrels, other rodents and opossums rarely contract rabies. The Mid-Atlantic region has experienced a rabies epidemic in its raccoon population since the 1970s. Raccoon rabies first reached Carroll County in 1983. The number of animals that tested positive for rabies peaked in 1984 at 148, with raccoons accounting for 134 of those animals. After the 1983 outbreak of rabies decimated the raccoon population, the number of cases has dwindled. So far in1991, only five cases of rabies, all raccoons, have been reported. In 1985, the county also had several cases of cat rabies. Cats, like raccoons, are nocturnal creatures, so a cat's likelihood of exposure to rabies is high. There also are many unvaccinated barn cats in the county, adding to the number of possible rabies cases. The importance of keeping pet cats and dogs vaccinated is underscored by the fact that Carroll has had no cases of rabies in a properly vaccinated animal. An unvaccinated domestic animal can carry the disease for up to six months following its exposure to rabies. This period is theincubation period, during which time the animal appears to be healthy and cannot pass the disease on to people or other animals. The disease can only be passed on when it reaches its final stage, and theanimal will die within five to seven days after onset of the final stage. In addition to keeping pets vaccinated, there are other methods of minimizing exposure to rabies. * Stay away from wildlife, especially injured or seemingly friendly wild animals; do not handle the animals. * Make your home unattractive to wild animals by taking in your pet's food at night and having secure trash can lids. * Report all dog and cat bites to the local or state police so the biting animal can be placed under a 10-day quarantine to determine if they had rabies at the time of the bite. HELP AVOID TOOTH DECAY WESTMINSTER -- Tooth decay is the most widespread, chronic disease of childhood, often requiring extensive and costlyrepair. Dental cavities affect about 95 percent of children. One of the best ways to prevent tooth decay is by adjusting the amount offluoride in the community's drinking water. Drinking fluoridated water from birth reduces tooth decay by as much as 65 percent. In Carroll County, about 70 percent of the population is on private well water. The natural level of fluoride in the water is negligible. Carroll has eight community water supply systems, and four -- Westminster, New Windsor, Mount Airy and Freedom -- have fluoridated water. A recent study by the U.S. Public Health Service praised the benefitsof fluoride and found the risks almost "impossible to detect." Those on private well systems can consult their doctor or dentist for aprescription for daily fluoride tablets or drops. A daily regime from birth to age 12 will help protect the child's teeth by strengthening the enamel so that it is more resistant to breakdown by sugary foods. For children age 5 through 18 in areas where fluoride is not added to the water, a school program of weekly rinsing with a 0.2 percent solution of neutral sodium fluoride is recommended to prevent cavities. Results of research during the past 10 years have shown thatchildren who use this procedure will have about 35 percent fewer cavities.	1,082	[ 128000, 32, 3293, 31188, 304, 23481, 11, 2737, 3892, 5157, 304, 47209, 6406, 11, 706, 9408, 4747, 922, 757, 3916, 627, 7979, 300, 645, 374, 9057, 555, 264, 17188, 13, 7874, 13803, 527, 1579, 34653, 11, 8582, 42631, 13803, 323, 264, 57342, 627, 11769, 1716, 1288, 387, 70558, 520, 220, 868, 4038, 13, 362, 2132, 80337, 6689, 374, 11349, 520, 4325, 220, 717, 13, 578, 15300, 527, 6118, 2728, 439, 386, 18953, 1198, 80337, 11, 296, 12055, 323, 10485, 6985, 25474, 627, 7816, 1109, 832, 30277, 315, 5157, 12446, 304, 1274, 220, 868, 1667, 323, 9191, 13, 9029, 9405, 1306, 220, 6280, 22, 1288, 5371, 264, 57532, 386, 18953, 6689, 26, 1455, 315, 1884, 9405, 1603, 220, 6280, 22, 527, 6646, 22852, 311, 279, 17188, 627, 791, 47209, 6406, 6401, 6011, 11, 2768, 19075, 555, 279, 6011, 315, 6401, 323, 38895, 10320, 43312, 11, 690, 3085, 279, 386, 18953, 25474, 311, 682, 14189, 26084, 25313, 6527, 323, 3885, 889, 1205, 433, 627, 791, 25474, 374, 2561, 520, 44335, 220, 17, 311, 220, 19, 281, 749, 13, 1475, 7742, 520, 279, 6401, 6011, 11, 220, 17048, 6652, 9728, 13, 2052, 2911, 1234, 972, 2011, 387, 24895, 555, 264, 2748, 477, 5897, 47132, 627, 3947, 690, 387, 912, 6900, 369, 279, 25474, 11, 719, 24910, 690, 387, 11928, 627, 15218, 25, 220, 24870, 12, 22741, 21, 11, 220, 24870, 12, 18518, 15, 477, 220, 20907, 12, 2636, 15, 627, 9295, 35837, 67994, 790, 432, 1905, 5482, 198, 95325, 16818, 39023, 1198, 36824, 552, 374, 264, 25114, 8624, 9057, 555, 264, 17188, 430, 649, 75272, 279, 8792, 23418, 1887, 315, 682, 8369, 94003, 291, 10099, 627, 50, 2910, 19030, 17188, 6439, 304, 279, 85657, 315, 264, 31674, 307, 10065, 11, 279, 1455, 4279, 1648, 1820, 8624, 374, 9041, 374, 1555, 49433, 627, 849, 12313, 11, 304, 9024, 5157, 11, 1101, 649, 2586, 505, 66839, 477, 994, 85657, 505, 279, 31674, 307, 10065, 5334, 1139, 1825, 34254, 323, 65104, 788, 79348, 11, 1778, 439, 6548, 11, 19689, 323, 11013, 627, 791, 8624, 1455, 3629, 13980, 304, 30405, 11, 1778, 439, 43308, 11, 1940, 15655, 323, 39935, 288, 13, 37311, 478, 1197, 323, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 12875, 323, 19987, 1101, 649, 636, 279, 8624, 13, 26486, 305, 27403, 11, 47050, 54883, 11, 1023, 94209, 323, 297, 981, 1264, 82, 19029, 5226, 31674, 552, 627, 791, 14013, 12, 78625, 5654, 706, 10534, 264, 31674, 552, 42620, 304, 1202, 9148, 73335, 7187, 2533, 279, 220, 4468, 15, 82, 13, 432, 20067, 263, 31674, 552, 1176, 8813, 47209, 6406, 304, 220, 3753, 18, 13, 578, 1396, 315, 10099, 430, 12793, 6928, 369, 31674, 552, 78292, 304, 220, 3753, 19, 520, 220, 10410, 11, 449, 9148, 1030, 2439, 24043, 369, 220, 9565, 315, 1884, 10099, 627, 6153, 279, 220, 3753, 18, 31188, 315, 31674, 552, 1654, 7292, 279, 9148, 73335, 7187, 11, 279, 1396, 315, 5157, 706, 83222, 839, 13, 2100, 3117, 304, 2550, 16, 11, 1193, 4330, 5157, 315, 31674, 552, 11, 682, 9148, 1030, 2439, 11, 617, 1027, 5068, 627, 644, 220, 3753, 20, 11, 279, 14189, 1101, 1047, 3892, 5157, 315, 8415, 31674, 552, 13, 51849, 11, 1093, 9148, 1030, 2439, 11, 527, 93101, 63550, 20566, 11, 779, 264, 8415, 596, 29736, 315, 14675, 311, 31674, 552, 374, 1579, 13, 2684, 1101, 527, 1690, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 33419, 19987, 304, 279, 14189, 11, 7999, 311, 279, 1396, 315, 3284, 31674, 552, 5157, 627, 791, 12939, 315, 10494, 6896, 19987, 323, 12875, 70558, 374, 53209, 67, 555, 279, 2144, 430, 47209, 706, 1047, 912, 5157, 315, 31674, 552, 304, 264, 10489, 70558, 10065, 13, 1556, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 13018, 10065, 649, 6920, 279, 8624, 369, 709, 311, 4848, 4038, 2768, 1202, 14675, 311, 31674, 552, 627, 2028, 4261, 374, 279, 2910, 392, 367, 4261, 11, 2391, 902, 892, 279, 10065, 8111, 311, 387, 9498, 323, 4250, 1522, 279, 8624, 389, 311, 1274, 477, 1023, 10099, 627, 791, 8624, 649, 1193, 387, 5946, 389, 994, 433, 25501, 1202, 1620, 6566, 11, 323, 279, 48999, 690, 2815, 2949, 4330, 311, 8254, 2919, 1306, 42080, 315, 279, 1620, 6566, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 10494, 26159, 70558, 11, 1070, 527, 1023, 5528, 315, 77391, 14675, 311, 31674, 552, 627, 9, 29837, 3201, 505, 30405, 11, 5423, 15902, 477, 23490, 11919, 8545, 10099, 26, 656, 539, 3790, 279, 10099, 627, 9, 7557, 701, 2162, 653, 266, 70178, 311, 8545, 10099, 555, 4737, 304, 701, 6896, 596, 3691, 520, 3814, 323, 3515, 9966, 23701, 649, 100078, 627, 9, 8423, 682, 5679, 323, 8415, 49433, 311, 279, 2254, 477, 1614, 4379, 779, 279, 68196, 10065, 649, 387, 9277, 1234, 264, 220, 605, 11477, 71489, 311, 8417, 422, 814, 1047, 31674, 552, 520, 279, 892, 315, 279, 23556, 627, 70103, 362, 25019, 5257, 26374, 43917, 3097, 198, 95325, 16818, 39023, 1198, 83499, 31815, 374, 279, 1455, 24716, 11, 21249, 8624, 315, 20587, 11, 3629, 23537, 16781, 323, 34348, 77539, 13, 48804, 57709, 1385, 7958, 922, 220, 2721, 3346, 315, 2911, 627, 4054, 315, 279, 1888, 5627, 311, 5471, 26588, 31815, 374, 555, 43468, 279, 3392, 1022, 10036, 269, 579, 304, 279, 4029, 596, 16558, 3090, 13, 83681, 54736, 307, 660, 3090, 505, 7342, 26338, 26588, 31815, 555, 439, 1790, 439, 220, 2397, 3346, 627, 644, 47209, 6406, 11, 922, 220, 2031, 3346, 315, 279, 7187, 374, 389, 879, 1664, 3090, 13, 578, 5933, 2237, 315, 89230, 304, 279, 3090, 374, 82802, 627, 9028, 1119, 706, 8223, 4029, 3090, 8312, 6067, 11, 323, 3116, 1198, 48043, 11, 1561, 57555, 11, 10640, 6690, 88, 323, 25320, 1198, 617, 54736, 307, 660, 3090, 627, 32, 3293, 4007, 555, 279, 549, 815, 13, 3142, 6401, 5475, 37475, 279, 8935, 708, 69, 89230, 323, 1766, 279, 15635, 4661, 330, 318, 10236, 311, 11388, 10246, 23025, 389, 879, 1664, 6067, 649, 8666, 872, 10896, 477, 50351, 369, 1469, 417, 1479, 369, 7446, 89230, 29679, 477, 21701, 13, 362, 7446, 17942, 505, 7342, 311, 4325, 220, 717, 690, 1520, 6144, 279, 1716, 596, 18311, 555, 48513, 279, 92848, 779, 430, 433, 374, 810, 31785, 311, 31085, 555, 31705, 661, 15657, 627, 2520, 2911, 4325, 220, 20, 1555, 220, 972, 304, 5789, 1405, 89230, 374, 539, 3779, 311, 279, 3090, 11, 264, 2978, 2068, 315, 17496, 97139, 287, 449, 264, 220, 15, 13, 17, 3346, 6425, 315, 21277, 39695, 89230, 374, 11349, 311, 5471, 57709, 1385, 627, 10001, 315, 3495, 2391, 279, 3347, 220, 605, 1667, 617, 6982, 430, 5988, 889, 1005, 420, 10537, 690, 617, 922, 220, 1758, 3346, 17162, 57709, 1385, 13, 128001 ]
The Demanding Nature of Simultaneous Interpretation Simultaneous interpretation is an incredibly demanding task that requires a high level of linguistic proficiency, cognitive skills, and mental stamina. Interpreters are expected to accurately and seamlessly convey the spoken message from one language to another in real-time, often with a minimal delay. This means that they must possess exceptional language processing abilities, as they are required to listen to the speaker, comprehend the message, and quickly formulate an equivalent expression in the target language. The pressure of real-time language processing in simultaneous interpretation can be overwhelming. Interpreters must be able to think and speak on their feet, translating complex ideas and concepts without the luxury of time for reflection. This level of linguistic agility demands not only a deep understanding of both languages but also a vast knowledge of various subject matters. From technical jargon to legal terminology, interpreters must be well-versed in a wide range of fields to ensure accurate and meaningful communication. They have to be quick thinkers and have the ability to adapt to different scenarios seamlessly. The Pressure of Real-Time Language Processing Simultaneous interpretation involves the daunting task of processing spoken language in real-time. As an interpreter, one must possess exceptional language skills to quickly understand and convert the speaker’s words into another language. This demanding nature of real-time language processing puts immense pressure on interpreters to perform accurately and flawlessly. The pressure of real-time language processing requires interpreters to think quickly on their feet, as they must process information in one language while simultaneously producing an accurate interpretation in another. This requires a high level of cognitive processing and linguistic agility. Interpreters often encounter linguistic challenges such as idiomatic expressions, cultural references, and fast-paced speech, which further intensify the pressure they face. Additionally, the need for speed and accuracy can be even more taxing when interpreting during high-stake events, conferences, or diplomatic meetings where precision is paramount. To overcome the pressure of real-time language processing, interpreters must be well-versed in the languages they work with, possess a wide-ranging vocabulary, and stay updated on current events and cultural nuances. They must also develop effective listening and concentration skills to accurately capture and interpret the speaker’s message. The ability to think and speak simultaneously, in different languages, and maintain clarity and accuracy is a skill that requires constant practice and continuous professional development. Despite the challenges, interpreters who can handle the pressure of real-time language processing play a vital role in bridging language barriers and facilitating communication between individuals and cultures. Maintaining Accuracy and Clarity in Simultaneous Interpretation Maintaining accuracy and clarity in simultaneous interpretation is a critical aspect of the interpreter’s role. As an interpreter, it is essential to convey the speaker’s message accurately, while ensuring that the interpretation remains clear and understandable to the audience. Achieving this requires not only linguistic proficiency but also strong listening and cognitive skills. When interpreting simultaneously, the interpreter must listen to the speaker’s words in one language while simultaneously formulating and delivering the interpretation in another language. This process requires quick thinking and effective language processing to ensure that the interpretation is accurate and reflects the speaker’s intended meaning. Moreover, the interpreter must be able to manage complex and technical terminology, adapting their language to suit the context and the audience’s level of understanding. This ensures that the interpretation remains clear and accessible, even when dealing with highly specialized subjects. By maintaining accuracy and clarity in simultaneous interpretation, interpreters play a vital role in bridging language barriers and facilitating effective communication across diverse cultures and languages. Multitasking and Cognitive Load in Simultaneous Interpretation Multitasking and Cognitive Load in Simultaneous Interpretation Simultaneous interpretation is an intricate process that demands exceptional multitasking skills from the interpreter. In real-time, they must listen to and process the speaker’s message while simultaneously encoding and verbalizing their interpretation in the target language. This requires the interpreter’s brain to rapidly switch between different cognitive tasks, such as listening, analyzing, comprehending, and producing language. The cognitive load, or mental effort, involved in simultaneous interpretation is immense. Not only do interpreters need to comprehend and convey the speaker’s message accurately, but they must also manage other factors simultaneously. These include maintaining clarity, consistency, and delivering the interpretation with proper grammar and syntax. To achieve this, interpreters must possess advanced language skills, a deep understanding of the subject matter, and the ability to quickly access relevant terminology. Additionally, they must monitor their own performance, ensuring accuracy and effectiveness throughout the entire interpretation process. Managing all these tasks simultaneously can be highly demanding and mentally exhausting for interpreters, emphasizing the need for meticulous preparation and continuous professional development in this field. Overcoming Language Barriers in Simultaneous Interpretation Simultaneous interpretation is a challenging task that requires language professionals to overcome various language barriers in real time. One of the primary obstacles faced by interpreters is linguistic differences, which can include different dialects, accents, and pronunciation. Overcoming these barriers requires interpreters to have a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the cultural nuances that may affect communication. Interpreters often employ extensive vocabulary, grammar, and listening skills to ensure accurate and clear interpretation for the participants. Moreover, interpreters must be prepared to handle situations where there is a lack of equivalence between words or phrases in the source and target languages. This can occur due to cultural differences, idiomatic expressions, or technical terminology that does not have a direct translation. In such cases, interpreters must employ their knowledge and expertise to find suitable substitutes or provide explanations to bridge the language gap. Additionally, they may need to do extensive research and familiarize themselves with the subject matter beforehand to ensure accurate interpretation. Overcoming these language barriers requires interpreters to be flexible, adaptable, and continuously update their language skills and knowledge to provide a smooth and effective communication channel between different language communities. Dealing with Complex and Technical Terminology Simultaneous interpretation often presents a formidable challenge when it comes to dealing with complex and technical terminology. Interpreters are required to quickly process and convey specialized language within the context of diverse domains such as medicine, law, finance, and technology. This demands an exceptional level of linguistic proficiency and subject matter expertise. To overcome this challenge, simultaneous interpreters employ various strategies to ensure accuracy and clarity in their interpretations. Firstly, extensive preparation is essential. Interpreters conduct thorough research on the topic beforehand, familiarizing themselves with relevant terminologies and concepts. This enables them to anticipate potential challenges and effectively manage complex vocabulary during the interpretation process. Additionally, interpreters actively engage in continuous professional development, attending conferences, workshops, and webinars to stay updated on the latest developments in various fields. This ongoing learning ensures they possess a solid foundation of knowledge and are equipped to handle complex terminology with ease. Cultural Sensitivity and Contextual Understanding in Simultaneous Interpretation One of the crucial skills required in simultaneous interpretation is cultural sensitivity and contextual understanding. Interpreters must not only possess a deep understanding of the source and target languages, but they must also be aware of the cultural nuances and socio-cultural context behind the words being spoken. Cultural sensitivity is vital because different cultures may have varying ways of expressing ideas or concepts. A word or phrase in one language may carry different connotations or meanings in another language due to cultural differences. Interpreters need to be aware of these nuances to accurately convey the intended meaning to the target audience. This requires not only a comprehensive knowledge of the languages involved but also a deep understanding of the cultural norms, customs, and traditions associated with those languages. Contextual understanding goes hand in hand with cultural sensitivity. Interpreters must not only focus on individual words but must also consider the overall context in which the speech is delivered. They need to understand the background, purpose, and intent of the speaker to ensure the accurate interpretation of their message. This involves being able to pick up on subtle cues, tone, and body language, as well as being familiar with the topic being discussed. By grasping the broader context, interpreters can provide more accurate and meaningful interpretations that resonate with the target audience. Handling Ambiguity and Homonyms in Simultaneous Interpretation Homonyms and ambiguous terms pose a significant challenge in the field of simultaneous interpretation. Simultaneous interpreters are frequently confronted with words or phrases that have multiple meanings or can be interpreted differently depending on the context. This necessitates quick thinking and careful analysis to grasp the intended message accurately. The interpreter must be vigilant and adaptable to ensure that the correct interpretation is relayed to the audience. Handling ambiguity requires a deep understanding of both languages involved in the interpretation process. Interpreters must possess not only linguistic skills but also comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter being discussed. They must be able to discern the context in which the ambiguous term is used and make informed decisions on how to interpret it. The ability to seek clarification from speakers when faced with ambiguity can also be invaluable in ensuring accurate communication. Simultaneous interpreters must remain focused and poised, ready to navigate through these linguistic obstacles to maintain the quality and clarity of the interpretation. Managing Stress and Fatigue in Simultaneous Interpretation Managing stress and fatigue is essential for simultaneous interpreters to maintain their performance and well-being. The demanding nature of this role, coupled with the pressure of real-time language processing, can lead to mental and physical exhaustion. It is crucial for interpreters to prioritize self-care and implement strategies to effectively manage stress and combat fatigue. One way to manage stress is by creating a structured workflow and implementing time management techniques. Simultaneous interpreters often work under tight deadlines, with multiple tasks to juggle at once. By breaking down assignments into manageable segments and setting realistic goals, interpreters can alleviate stress and maintain focus. Additionally, organizing work schedules and incorporating regular breaks can help reduce mental fatigue and increase overall productivity. Proper rest and relaxation are vital for interpreters to replenish their energy levels and maintain the high concentration needed for accurate interpretation. Coping with the Fast Pace and High Volume of Information Simultaneous interpretation is a demanding profession that requires individuals to cope with the fast pace and high volume of information coming their way. As the speaker delivers their message, interpreters must listen, comprehend, and translate it into the target language almost instantaneously. This process requires exceptional cognitive abilities and linguistic skills to keep up with the rapid flow of information. To cope with the fast pace and high volume of information, simultaneous interpreters employ various strategies. One important technique is active listening, where they concentrate intensely on the speaker’s words, tone, and nuances. This allows interpreters to capture the entire message accurately and in real-time. Additionally, they develop excellent note-taking skills to ensure they don’t miss any crucial details during the interpretation process. These notes serve as a reliable reference when delivering the translated message, ensuring accuracy and clarity. As the demands of simultaneous interpretation can be mentally and physically exhausting, interpreters must also prioritize self-care and manage stress to maintain optimal focus and performance. Enhancing Listening and Concentration Skills for Simultaneous Interpretation Listening and concentration skills are critical for simultaneous interpreters to ensure accurate and effective interpretation. The demanding nature of this profession requires interpreters to listen attentively to the speaker while simultaneously processing the information and rendering it in the target language. To enhance their listening skills, interpreters can employ various techniques and strategies. One effective technique is active listening, which involves actively engaging with the speaker by paying close attention to their tone, intonation, and body language. This allows interpreters to not only capture the words being spoken but also understand the underlying meaning and emotions conveyed. Additionally, practicing mindfulness can help interpreters stay focused and fully present in the moment, enabling them to better absorb and process the information being conveyed. Regular meditation and deep breathing exercises can help interpreters develop a calm and attentive mindset that is essential for effective interpretation. In conjunction with enhancing listening skills, interpreters also need to develop strong concentration abilities. This involves the ability to filter out distractions and maintain sustained focus on the speaker and the interpretation task at hand. To improve concentration, interpreters can employ techniques such as visualization, where they mentally picture themselves successfully interpreting in challenging situations. They can also break down the interpretation task into smaller, manageable segments, focusing on one segment at a time to avoid feeling overwhelmed. Additionally, creating a conducive workspace, free from distractions, and implementing effective time management strategies can help interpreters maintain a high level of concentration throughout their interpreting sessions. By actively working on enhancing their listening and concentration skills, simultaneous interpreters can strengthen their ability to accurately interpret and effectively bridge linguistic and cultural barriers in real-time. These skills, when honed effectively, enable interpreters to provide seamless and high-quality interpretations that facilitate effective communication between different language speakers Effective Use of Interpreter Equipment and Technology When it comes to simultaneous interpretation, the effective use of interpreter equipment and technology plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth and accurate communication between languages. Interpreting booths equipped with soundproof materials and advanced audio systems are essential in creating a distraction-free environment for interpreters to work in. These booths help to minimize background noise and provide clear audio signals, allowing interpreters to focus solely on their task. In addition to soundproof booths, interpreters rely on specialized headsets and microphones to facilitate their work. High-quality headsets with noise-canceling features enable interpreters to hear the original speaker clearly and minimize any interference. The use of microphones helps to deliver the interpreted message to the audience or individuals who require interpretation, ensuring that the information is transmitted accurately and comprehensibly. Furthermore, the incorporation of cutting-edge technology has greatly enhanced the capabilities of simultaneous interpretation. With the advent of remote interpretation systems, interpreters can now provide their services from a separate location, eliminating the need for physical presence at the event. This remote setup allows for flexibility and accessibility, enabling interpreters to cater to events and conferences from anywhere in the world. The integration of various software and mobile applications also assists interpreters in managing and organizing their workload, keeping track of assignments, and staying updated with industry-specific terminology. Overall, the effective use of interpreter equipment and technology greatly contributes to the success of simultaneous interpretation. By providing interpreters with the necessary tools and resources, it ensures seamless communication and enables them to deliver accurate and efficient interpretation services. As technology continues to advance, interpreters can look forward to even more innovative solutions that will further streamline the interpretation process and enhance their overall performance. Building Rapport and Collaboration with Co-Interpreters Building rapport and collaboration with co-interpreters is crucial in the field of simultaneous interpretation. In order to provide effective and seamless language services, interpreters must establish a strong working relationship with their fellow interpreters. This begins with open communication and a shared understanding of the task at hand. By fostering a sense of camaraderie and mutual respect, interpreters can create a supportive environment where they can freely exchange ideas, clarify doubts, and provide constructive feedback to improve their performance. In addition, building rapport with co-interpreters can also lead to better teamwork and coordination during assignments, ensuring that interpretations are cohesive and consistent throughout the duration of an event. Collaboration amongst interpreters is a key aspect of successful simultaneous interpretation. It involves working together to overcome challenges and make informed decisions in real-time. This collaboration can take various forms, such as coordinating interpretation techniques, sharing terminology resources, or even taking turns to rest during lengthy assignments. By actively engaging in collaboration, interpreters can benefit from alternate perspectives and enrich their own interpretation skills. Furthermore, effective collaboration can also contribute to a more streamlined workflow, enabling interpreters to adapt to rapidly changing situations and deliver high-quality interpretations under pressure. Ultimately, building rapport and collaboration with co-interpreters facilitates a more seamless and professional interpretation experience for both the interpreters themselves and the audience they serve. Adapting to Different Interpretation Settings and Environments The ability to adapt to different interpretation settings and environments is a crucial skill for simultaneous interpreters. Each interpretation setting presents its own unique challenges and requirements, demanding the interpreter to be flexible and adaptable. Whether it is in a conference room, a courtroom, a medical facility, or any other setting, interpreters must quickly assess the environment and make necessary adjustments to ensure effective communication. One aspect of adapting to different interpretation settings is understanding the specific cultural and contextual nuances that may be present. Interpreters need to be sensitive to the cultural practices, norms, and expectations of the participants in order to accurately convey the intended messages. In some cases, certain cultural references or idiomatic expressions may require additional explanations or adaptations to ensure that the target audience fully comprehends the meaning. Adapting to different interpretation settings also involves being aware of any technical requirements or equipment that may be available, such as microphones or interpreting booths, and utilizing them effectively to enhance the interpretation process. In addition to cultural considerations, interpreters must also be prepared to handle varying subject matters and terminology in different interpretation settings. Whether it is legal terminology in a courtroom, technical jargon in a scientific conference, or complex medical terms in a healthcare setting, interpreters must possess a wide range of knowledge and vocabulary in order to accurately interpret the content. This requires continuous professional development and staying updated on industry-specific terminology and trends. Adapting to different interpretation settings and environments goes beyond language proficiency; it encompasses a deep understanding of the subject matter and the ability to convey it with utmost clarity and accuracy. As interpreters encounter different interpretation settings and environments throughout their careers, their adaptability and versatility will be key to their success. The ability to quickly assess and navigate these settings, while considering cultural, technical, and subject-specific aspects, is what sets exceptional interpreters apart. With continuous learning and refinement of their skills, interpreters can ensure seamless communication across different interpretation settings and environments, bridging language barriers and connecting people from diverse backgrounds. Continuous Professional Development for Simultaneous Interpreters Continuous professional development is crucial for simultaneous interpreters to excel in their field. In this demanding profession, interpreters must constantly update their skills, expand their knowledge, and refine their techniques. By engaging in continuous professional development, interpreters can enhance their language proficiency, stay up to date with industry trends, and become familiar with new technologies and tools that can support their work. One aspect of continuous professional development involves improving language skills. Simultaneous interpreters must be fluent in both their source and target languages, and they must have a deep understanding of the nuances and cultural contexts of these languages. Through language courses and workshops, interpreters can refine their vocabulary, grammar, and syntax to ensure accurate and effective interpretation. Additionally, attending conferences and networking with other language professionals can provide valuable opportunities for language exchange and learning from peers. By constantly honing their language skills, interpreters can ensure top-notch performance in the fast-paced and challenging world of simultaneous interpretation. What is simultaneous interpretation? Simultaneous interpretation is a form of language interpretation where the interpreter listens to a speaker and provides a real-time translation in another language. What are the challenges faced by simultaneous interpreters? Simultaneous interpreters face challenges such as managing stress and fatigue, dealing with complex terminology, maintaining accuracy, and handling the fast pace and high volume of information. How do simultaneous interpreters overcome language barriers? Simultaneous interpreters overcome language barriers by possessing strong language skills, cultural sensitivity, and contextual understanding, which help them accurately convey meaning across languages. What is the role of continuous professional development for simultaneous interpreters? Continuous professional development plays a crucial role in ensuring that simultaneous interpreters stay updated with language advancements, industry standards, and new technologies, allowing them to enhance their skills and expertise. How do simultaneous interpreters manage stress and fatigue? Simultaneous interpreters manage stress and fatigue by employing stress management techniques, practicing self-care, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. What is the importance of accuracy and clarity in simultaneous interpretation? Accuracy and clarity are essential in simultaneous interpretation to ensure that the intended message is accurately conveyed to the target audience without any ambiguity or misunderstanding. How do simultaneous interpreters handle complex and technical terminology? Simultaneous interpreters handle complex and technical terminology by preparing in advance, conducting research, and collaborating with subject matter experts to understand and accurately interpret specialized language. How do simultaneous interpreters cope with the fast pace and high volume of information? Simultaneous interpreters cope with the fast pace and high volume of information by employing effective listening and concentration skills, utilizing note-taking techniques, and continuously practicing their interpreting skills. What is the role of multitasking in simultaneous interpretation? Multitasking is a crucial skill for simultaneous interpreters as they need to listen, process, and translate the speaker’s message while simultaneously monitoring their own interpretation for accuracy and clarity. How do simultaneous interpreters enhance their listening and concentration skills? Simultaneous interpreters enhance their listening and concentration skills through regular practice, active listening techniques, and engaging in activities that improve focus and attention. How can simultaneous interpreters effectively use interpreter equipment and technology? Simultaneous interpreters can effectively use interpreter equipment and technology by familiarizing themselves with the tools, attending training sessions, and staying updated on the latest advancements in interpretation technology. What is the importance of building rapport and collaboration with co-interpreters? Building rapport and collaboration with co-interpreters is important as it allows for smooth coordination, enhances the quality of interpretation, and ensures seamless transitions between interpreters during longer assignments. How do simultaneous interpreters adapt to different interpretation settings and environments? Simultaneous interpreters adapt to different interpretation settings and environments by conducting thorough research, familiarizing themselves with the topic and context, and quickly adjusting their interpreting style to match the requirements of the situation. What role does cultural sensitivity play in simultaneous interpretation? Cultural sensitivity is crucial in simultaneous interpretation as it helps interpreters understand cultural nuances, avoid misunderstandings, and accurately convey the speaker’s intended meaning within the appropriate cultural context. How do simultaneous interpreters handle ambiguity and homonyms in interpretation? Simultaneous interpreters handle ambiguity and homonyms by employing contextual analysis, seeking clarification when necessary, and utilizing their linguistic expertise to select the most appropriate interpretation based on the given context. What are some effective techniques for managing the pressure of real-time language processing? Some effective techniques for managing the pressure of real-time language processing include maintaining a calm mindset, utilizing time management strategies, and engaging in regular self-reflection and self-improvement. Simultaneous interpreters can overcome language-related challenges through continuous language learning, expanding their vocabulary, and staying updated with language developments and trends. What resources are available for continuous professional development for simultaneous interpreters? Continuous professional development resources for simultaneous interpreters include attending workshops and conferences, participating in online training programs, and joining professional associations that offer skill-building opportunities. What are the key skills required for successful simultaneous interpretation? Key skills required for successful simultaneous interpretation include strong language proficiency, active listening, multitasking, cultural awareness, adaptability, effective communication, and continuous self-improvement. How does continuous professional development benefit simultaneous interpreters? Continuous professional development benefits simultaneous interpreters by enhancing their skills, expanding their professional network, improving job opportunities, and keeping them up-to-date with industry advancements, ultimately leading to professional growth and success.	4,868	[ 128000, 791, 4829, 26673, 22037, 315, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 459, 17235, 26192, 3465, 430, 7612, 264, 1579, 2237, 315, 65767, 63239, 11, 25702, 7512, 11, 323, 10723, 61784, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 527, 3685, 311, 30357, 323, 61440, 20599, 279, 22066, 1984, 505, 832, 4221, 311, 2500, 304, 1972, 7394, 11, 3629, 449, 264, 17832, 7781, 13, 1115, 3445, 430, 814, 2011, 15575, 25363, 4221, 8863, 18000, 11, 439, 814, 527, 2631, 311, 9020, 311, 279, 19114, 11, 58389, 279, 1984, 11, 323, 6288, 89959, 459, 13890, 7645, 304, 279, 2218, 4221, 627, 791, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 304, 58632, 23692, 649, 387, 22798, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 2011, 387, 3025, 311, 1781, 323, 6604, 389, 872, 7693, 11, 67371, 6485, 6848, 323, 19476, 2085, 279, 19913, 315, 892, 369, 22599, 13, 1115, 2237, 315, 65767, 67741, 18651, 539, 1193, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 2225, 15823, 719, 1101, 264, 13057, 6677, 315, 5370, 3917, 13146, 13, 5659, 11156, 503, 71921, 311, 5897, 57726, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 387, 1664, 12, 44876, 304, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 5151, 311, 6106, 13687, 323, 23222, 10758, 13, 2435, 617, 311, 387, 4062, 69122, 323, 617, 279, 5845, 311, 10737, 311, 2204, 26350, 61440, 627, 791, 40090, 315, 8976, 55585, 11688, 29225, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 18065, 279, 57697, 3465, 315, 8863, 22066, 4221, 304, 1972, 7394, 13, 1666, 459, 40399, 11, 832, 2011, 15575, 25363, 4221, 7512, 311, 6288, 3619, 323, 5625, 279, 19114, 753, 4339, 1139, 2500, 4221, 13, 1115, 26192, 7138, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 9711, 38883, 7410, 389, 18412, 5153, 311, 2804, 30357, 323, 26784, 16117, 627, 791, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 7612, 18412, 5153, 311, 1781, 6288, 389, 872, 7693, 11, 439, 814, 2011, 1920, 2038, 304, 832, 4221, 1418, 25291, 17843, 459, 13687, 23692, 304, 2500, 13, 1115, 7612, 264, 1579, 2237, 315, 25702, 8863, 323, 65767, 67741, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 3629, 13123, 65767, 11774, 1778, 439, 41760, 13795, 24282, 11, 13042, 15407, 11, 323, 5043, 65319, 8982, 11, 902, 4726, 25228, 1463, 279, 7410, 814, 3663, 13, 23212, 11, 279, 1205, 369, 4732, 323, 13708, 649, 387, 1524, 810, 88004, 994, 66744, 2391, 1579, 5594, 731, 4455, 11, 38614, 11, 477, 34616, 16659, 1405, 16437, 374, 74510, 627, 1271, 23075, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 387, 1664, 12, 44876, 304, 279, 15823, 814, 990, 449, 11, 15575, 264, 7029, 82105, 36018, 11, 323, 4822, 6177, 389, 1510, 4455, 323, 13042, 84889, 13, 2435, 2011, 1101, 2274, 7524, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 311, 30357, 12602, 323, 14532, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 13, 578, 5845, 311, 1781, 323, 6604, 25291, 11, 304, 2204, 15823, 11, 323, 10519, 32373, 323, 13708, 374, 264, 10151, 430, 7612, 6926, 6725, 323, 19815, 6721, 4500, 13, 18185, 279, 11774, 11, 18412, 5153, 889, 649, 3790, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 1514, 264, 16595, 3560, 304, 77847, 3252, 4221, 30740, 323, 68365, 10758, 1990, 7931, 323, 27833, 627, 67834, 2101, 51275, 323, 2493, 10981, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 67834, 2101, 13708, 323, 32373, 304, 58632, 23692, 374, 264, 9200, 13189, 315, 279, 40399, 753, 3560, 13, 1666, 459, 40399, 11, 433, 374, 7718, 311, 20599, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 30357, 11, 1418, 23391, 430, 279, 23692, 8625, 2867, 323, 49839, 311, 279, 10877, 13, 42224, 4504, 420, 7612, 539, 1193, 65767, 63239, 719, 1101, 3831, 14624, 323, 25702, 7512, 627, 4599, 66744, 25291, 11, 279, 40399, 2011, 9020, 311, 279, 19114, 753, 4339, 304, 832, 4221, 1418, 25291, 1376, 15853, 323, 24944, 279, 23692, 304, 2500, 4221, 13, 1115, 1920, 7612, 4062, 7422, 323, 7524, 4221, 8863, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 23692, 374, 13687, 323, 27053, 279, 19114, 753, 10825, 7438, 13, 23674, 11, 279, 40399, 2011, 387, 3025, 311, 10299, 6485, 323, 11156, 57726, 11, 70817, 872, 4221, 311, 7937, 279, 2317, 323, 279, 10877, 753, 2237, 315, 8830, 13, 1115, 26420, 430, 279, 23692, 8625, 2867, 323, 15987, 11, 1524, 994, 14892, 449, 7701, 28175, 15223, 13, 3296, 20958, 13708, 323, 32373, 304, 58632, 23692, 11, 18412, 5153, 1514, 264, 16595, 3560, 304, 77847, 3252, 4221, 30740, 323, 68365, 7524, 10758, 4028, 17226, 27833, 323, 15823, 627, 41504, 275, 71805, 323, 73235, 9069, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 41504, 275, 71805, 323, 73235, 9069, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 459, 57216, 1920, 430, 18651, 25363, 85360, 71805, 7512, 505, 279, 40399, 13, 763, 1972, 7394, 11, 814, 2011, 9020, 311, 323, 1920, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 1418, 25291, 11418, 323, 36870, 4954, 872, 23692, 304, 279, 2218, 4221, 13, 1115, 7612, 279, 40399, 753, 8271, 311, 19019, 3480, 1990, 2204, 25702, 9256, 11, 1778, 439, 14624, 11, 42118, 11, 12963, 2518, 11, 323, 17843, 4221, 627, 791, 25702, 2865, 11, 477, 10723, 5149, 11, 6532, 304, 58632, 23692, 374, 38883, 13, 2876, 1193, 656, 18412, 5153, 1205, 311, 58389, 323, 20599, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 30357, 11, 719, 814, 2011, 1101, 10299, 1023, 9547, 25291, 13, 4314, 2997, 20958, 32373, 11, 29237, 11, 323, 24944, 279, 23692, 449, 6300, 32528, 323, 20047, 13, 2057, 11322, 420, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 15575, 11084, 4221, 7512, 11, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 3917, 5030, 11, 323, 279, 5845, 311, 6288, 2680, 9959, 57726, 13, 23212, 11, 814, 2011, 8891, 872, 1866, 5178, 11, 23391, 13708, 323, 27375, 6957, 279, 4553, 23692, 1920, 13, 49407, 682, 1521, 9256, 25291, 649, 387, 7701, 26192, 323, 34325, 79953, 369, 18412, 5153, 11, 82003, 279, 1205, 369, 96278, 18459, 323, 19815, 6721, 4500, 304, 420, 2115, 627, 1959, 5065, 11688, 4821, 17740, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 264, 17436, 3465, 430, 7612, 4221, 15749, 311, 23075, 5370, 4221, 30740, 304, 1972, 892, 13, 3861, 315, 279, 6156, 32116, 17011, 555, 18412, 5153, 374, 65767, 12062, 11, 902, 649, 2997, 2204, 43379, 82, 11, 59570, 11, 323, 71722, 13, 6193, 5065, 1521, 30740, 7612, 18412, 5153, 311, 617, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 2225, 279, 2592, 323, 2218, 15823, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 279, 13042, 84889, 430, 1253, 7958, 10758, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 3629, 3539, 16781, 36018, 11, 32528, 11, 323, 14624, 7512, 311, 6106, 13687, 323, 2867, 23692, 369, 279, 13324, 627, 58276, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 387, 10235, 311, 3790, 15082, 1405, 1070, 374, 264, 6996, 315, 85262, 1990, 4339, 477, 32847, 304, 279, 2592, 323, 2218, 15823, 13, 1115, 649, 12446, 4245, 311, 13042, 12062, 11, 41760, 13795, 24282, 11, 477, 11156, 57726, 430, 1587, 539, 617, 264, 2167, 14807, 13, 763, 1778, 5157, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 3539, 872, 6677, 323, 19248, 311, 1505, 14791, 91362, 477, 3493, 41941, 311, 14497, 279, 4221, 13225, 13, 23212, 11, 814, 1253, 1205, 311, 656, 16781, 3495, 323, 11537, 553, 5694, 449, 279, 3917, 5030, 52159, 311, 6106, 13687, 23692, 13, 6193, 5065, 1521, 4221, 30740, 7612, 18412, 5153, 311, 387, 19303, 11, 94848, 11, 323, 31978, 2713, 872, 4221, 7512, 323, 6677, 311, 3493, 264, 11113, 323, 7524, 10758, 5613, 1990, 2204, 4221, 10977, 627, 1951, 6260, 449, 22872, 323, 27766, 47045, 2508, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 3629, 18911, 264, 54829, 8815, 994, 433, 4131, 311, 14892, 449, 6485, 323, 11156, 57726, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 527, 2631, 311, 6288, 1920, 323, 20599, 28175, 4221, 2949, 279, 2317, 315, 17226, 31576, 1778, 439, 16088, 11, 2383, 11, 17452, 11, 323, 5557, 13, 1115, 18651, 459, 25363, 2237, 315, 65767, 63239, 323, 3917, 5030, 19248, 627, 1271, 23075, 420, 8815, 11, 58632, 18412, 5153, 3539, 5370, 15174, 311, 6106, 13708, 323, 32373, 304, 872, 58689, 13, 77795, 11, 16781, 18459, 374, 7718, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 6929, 17879, 3495, 389, 279, 8712, 52159, 11, 11537, 4954, 5694, 449, 9959, 10415, 9268, 323, 19476, 13, 1115, 20682, 1124, 311, 48248, 4754, 11774, 323, 13750, 10299, 6485, 36018, 2391, 279, 23692, 1920, 13, 23212, 11, 18412, 5153, 22815, 16988, 304, 19815, 6721, 4500, 11, 24096, 38614, 11, 35936, 11, 323, 3566, 47437, 311, 4822, 6177, 389, 279, 5652, 26006, 304, 5370, 5151, 13, 1115, 14529, 6975, 26420, 814, 15575, 264, 6573, 16665, 315, 6677, 323, 527, 19167, 311, 3790, 6485, 57726, 449, 14553, 627, 34, 44547, 32252, 18546, 323, 9805, 940, 46551, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 4054, 315, 279, 16996, 7512, 2631, 304, 58632, 23692, 374, 13042, 27541, 323, 66251, 8830, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 2011, 539, 1193, 15575, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 2592, 323, 2218, 15823, 11, 719, 814, 2011, 1101, 387, 8010, 315, 279, 13042, 84889, 323, 41589, 94526, 2317, 4920, 279, 4339, 1694, 22066, 627, 34, 44547, 27541, 374, 16595, 1606, 2204, 27833, 1253, 617, 29865, 5627, 315, 37810, 6848, 477, 19476, 13, 362, 3492, 477, 17571, 304, 832, 4221, 1253, 6920, 2204, 390, 14632, 477, 50800, 304, 2500, 4221, 4245, 311, 13042, 12062, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 1205, 311, 387, 8010, 315, 1521, 84889, 311, 30357, 20599, 279, 10825, 7438, 311, 279, 2218, 10877, 13, 1115, 7612, 539, 1193, 264, 16195, 6677, 315, 279, 15823, 6532, 719, 1101, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 13042, 40851, 11, 35869, 11, 323, 32006, 5938, 449, 1884, 15823, 627, 2014, 940, 8830, 5900, 1450, 304, 1450, 449, 13042, 27541, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 2011, 539, 1193, 5357, 389, 3927, 4339, 719, 2011, 1101, 2980, 279, 8244, 2317, 304, 902, 279, 8982, 374, 12886, 13, 2435, 1205, 311, 3619, 279, 4092, 11, 7580, 11, 323, 7537, 315, 279, 19114, 311, 6106, 279, 13687, 23692, 315, 872, 1984, 13, 1115, 18065, 1694, 3025, 311, 3820, 709, 389, 27545, 57016, 11, 16630, 11, 323, 2547, 4221, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 1694, 11537, 449, 279, 8712, 1694, 14407, 13, 3296, 50087, 10194, 279, 27927, 2317, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 3493, 810, 13687, 323, 23222, 58689, 430, 89986, 449, 279, 2218, 10877, 627, 39706, 20423, 27843, 488, 323, 13525, 46703, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 50742, 46703, 323, 55861, 3878, 17477, 264, 5199, 8815, 304, 279, 2115, 315, 58632, 23692, 13, 4567, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 527, 14134, 41782, 449, 4339, 477, 32847, 430, 617, 5361, 50800, 477, 649, 387, 33398, 22009, 11911, 389, 279, 2317, 13, 1115, 4541, 82829, 4062, 7422, 323, 16994, 6492, 311, 34477, 279, 10825, 1984, 30357, 13, 578, 40399, 2011, 387, 81334, 323, 94848, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 4495, 23692, 374, 32951, 291, 311, 279, 10877, 627, 39706, 72868, 7612, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 2225, 15823, 6532, 304, 279, 23692, 1920, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 2011, 15575, 539, 1193, 65767, 7512, 719, 1101, 16195, 6677, 315, 279, 3917, 5030, 1694, 14407, 13, 2435, 2011, 387, 3025, 311, 42645, 279, 2317, 304, 902, 279, 55861, 4751, 374, 1511, 323, 1304, 16369, 11429, 389, 1268, 311, 14532, 433, 13, 578, 5845, 311, 6056, 64784, 505, 22032, 994, 17011, 449, 72868, 649, 1101, 387, 56193, 304, 23391, 13687, 10758, 13, 4567, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 2011, 7293, 10968, 323, 54946, 11, 5644, 311, 21546, 1555, 1521, 65767, 32116, 311, 10519, 279, 4367, 323, 32373, 315, 279, 23692, 627, 99729, 51568, 323, 26417, 22711, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 99729, 8631, 323, 36709, 374, 7718, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 311, 10519, 872, 5178, 323, 1664, 33851, 13, 578, 26192, 7138, 315, 420, 3560, 11, 34356, 449, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 11, 649, 3063, 311, 10723, 323, 7106, 70663, 13, 1102, 374, 16996, 369, 18412, 5153, 311, 63652, 659, 41206, 323, 4305, 15174, 311, 13750, 10299, 8631, 323, 12896, 36709, 627, 4054, 1648, 311, 10299, 8631, 374, 555, 6968, 264, 34030, 29388, 323, 25976, 892, 6373, 12823, 13, 4567, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 3629, 990, 1234, 10508, 58982, 11, 449, 5361, 9256, 311, 503, 50428, 520, 3131, 13, 3296, 15061, 1523, 32272, 1139, 71128, 21282, 323, 6376, 26569, 9021, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 61705, 8631, 323, 10519, 5357, 13, 23212, 11, 35821, 990, 37869, 323, 52913, 5912, 18808, 649, 1520, 8108, 10723, 36709, 323, 5376, 8244, 26206, 13, 65658, 2800, 323, 43685, 527, 16595, 369, 18412, 5153, 311, 70543, 819, 872, 4907, 5990, 323, 10519, 279, 1579, 20545, 4460, 369, 13687, 23692, 627, 34, 34807, 449, 279, 17737, 85619, 323, 5234, 20880, 315, 8245, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 264, 26192, 4913, 430, 7612, 7931, 311, 37586, 449, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 5108, 872, 1648, 13, 1666, 279, 19114, 28421, 872, 1984, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 9020, 11, 58389, 11, 323, 15025, 433, 1139, 279, 2218, 4221, 4661, 9888, 20933, 13, 1115, 1920, 7612, 25363, 25702, 18000, 323, 65767, 7512, 311, 2567, 709, 449, 279, 11295, 6530, 315, 2038, 627, 1271, 37586, 449, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 11, 58632, 18412, 5153, 3539, 5370, 15174, 13, 3861, 3062, 15105, 374, 4642, 14624, 11, 1405, 814, 37455, 70733, 389, 279, 19114, 753, 4339, 11, 16630, 11, 323, 84889, 13, 1115, 6276, 18412, 5153, 311, 12602, 279, 4553, 1984, 30357, 323, 304, 1972, 7394, 13, 23212, 11, 814, 2274, 9250, 5296, 80671, 7512, 311, 6106, 814, 1541, 1431, 3194, 904, 16996, 3649, 2391, 279, 23692, 1920, 13, 4314, 8554, 8854, 439, 264, 15062, 5905, 994, 24944, 279, 25548, 1984, 11, 23391, 13708, 323, 32373, 13, 1666, 279, 18651, 315, 58632, 23692, 649, 387, 34325, 323, 22655, 79953, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 1101, 63652, 659, 41206, 323, 10299, 8631, 311, 10519, 23669, 5357, 323, 5178, 627, 58568, 9151, 77797, 323, 62261, 2214, 31340, 369, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 56031, 323, 20545, 7512, 527, 9200, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 311, 6106, 13687, 323, 7524, 23692, 13, 578, 26192, 7138, 315, 420, 4913, 7612, 18412, 5153, 311, 9020, 52309, 3210, 311, 279, 19114, 1418, 25291, 8863, 279, 2038, 323, 21568, 433, 304, 279, 2218, 4221, 13, 2057, 18885, 872, 14624, 7512, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 3539, 5370, 12823, 323, 15174, 627, 4054, 7524, 15105, 374, 4642, 14624, 11, 902, 18065, 22815, 23387, 449, 279, 19114, 555, 12798, 3345, 6666, 311, 872, 16630, 11, 528, 91983, 11, 323, 2547, 4221, 13, 1115, 6276, 18412, 5153, 311, 539, 1193, 12602, 279, 4339, 1694, 22066, 719, 1101, 3619, 279, 16940, 7438, 323, 21958, 73897, 13, 23212, 11, 36666, 71705, 649, 1520, 18412, 5153, 4822, 10968, 323, 7373, 3118, 304, 279, 4545, 11, 28462, 1124, 311, 2731, 35406, 323, 1920, 279, 2038, 1694, 73897, 13, 29900, 33862, 323, 5655, 27027, 23783, 649, 1520, 18412, 5153, 2274, 264, 19858, 323, 73898, 40543, 430, 374, 7718, 369, 7524, 23692, 627, 644, 32546, 449, 47594, 14624, 7512, 11, 18412, 5153, 1101, 1205, 311, 2274, 3831, 20545, 18000, 13, 1115, 18065, 279, 5845, 311, 4141, 704, 77549, 323, 10519, 29759, 5357, 389, 279, 19114, 323, 279, 23692, 3465, 520, 1450, 13, 2057, 7417, 20545, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 3539, 12823, 1778, 439, 42148, 11, 1405, 814, 34325, 6945, 5694, 7946, 66744, 304, 17436, 15082, 13, 2435, 649, 1101, 1464, 1523, 279, 23692, 3465, 1139, 9333, 11, 71128, 21282, 11, 21760, 389, 832, 10449, 520, 264, 892, 311, 5766, 8430, 43206, 13, 23212, 11, 6968, 264, 95561, 28614, 11, 1949, 505, 77549, 11, 323, 25976, 7524, 892, 6373, 15174, 649, 1520, 18412, 5153, 10519, 264, 1579, 2237, 315, 20545, 6957, 872, 66744, 16079, 627, 1383, 22815, 3318, 389, 47594, 872, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 11, 58632, 18412, 5153, 649, 20259, 872, 5845, 311, 30357, 14532, 323, 13750, 14497, 65767, 323, 13042, 30740, 304, 1972, 7394, 13, 4314, 7512, 11, 994, 5954, 291, 13750, 11, 7431, 18412, 5153, 311, 3493, 47970, 323, 1579, 22867, 58689, 430, 28696, 7524, 10758, 1990, 2204, 4221, 22032, 198, 68639, 5560, 315, 83593, 20849, 323, 12053, 198, 4599, 433, 4131, 311, 58632, 23692, 11, 279, 7524, 1005, 315, 40399, 7241, 323, 5557, 11335, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 23391, 11113, 323, 13687, 10758, 1990, 15823, 13, 5783, 1762, 1303, 92259, 19167, 449, 5222, 16157, 7384, 323, 11084, 7855, 6067, 527, 7718, 304, 6968, 264, 54716, 12862, 4676, 369, 18412, 5153, 311, 990, 304, 13, 4314, 92259, 1520, 311, 30437, 4092, 12248, 323, 3493, 2867, 7855, 17738, 11, 10923, 18412, 5153, 311, 5357, 21742, 389, 872, 3465, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 5222, 16157, 92259, 11, 18412, 5153, 17631, 389, 28175, 2010, 5022, 323, 8162, 17144, 311, 28696, 872, 990, 13, 5234, 22867, 2010, 5022, 449, 12248, 86103, 287, 4519, 7431, 18412, 5153, 311, 6865, 279, 4113, 19114, 9539, 323, 30437, 904, 32317, 13, 578, 1005, 315, 8162, 17144, 8779, 311, 6493, 279, 33398, 1984, 311, 279, 10877, 477, 7931, 889, 1397, 23692, 11, 23391, 430, 279, 2038, 374, 34699, 30357, 323, 12963, 70872, 627, 57417, 11, 279, 88465, 315, 14713, 48448, 5557, 706, 19407, 24872, 279, 17357, 315, 58632, 23692, 13, 3161, 279, 11599, 315, 8870, 23692, 6067, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 1457, 3493, 872, 3600, 505, 264, 8821, 3813, 11, 40599, 279, 1205, 369, 7106, 9546, 520, 279, 1567, 13, 1115, 8870, 6642, 6276, 369, 25152, 323, 40800, 11, 28462, 18412, 5153, 311, 29068, 311, 4455, 323, 38614, 505, 12660, 304, 279, 1917, 13, 578, 18052, 315, 5370, 3241, 323, 6505, 8522, 1101, 29944, 18412, 5153, 304, 18646, 323, 35821, 872, 54696, 11, 10494, 3839, 315, 32272, 11, 323, 19994, 6177, 449, 5064, 19440, 57726, 627, 28589, 11, 279, 7524, 1005, 315, 40399, 7241, 323, 5557, 19407, 44072, 311, 279, 2450, 315, 58632, 23692, 13, 3296, 8405, 18412, 5153, 449, 279, 5995, 7526, 323, 5070, 11, 433, 26420, 47970, 10758, 323, 20682, 1124, 311, 6493, 13687, 323, 11297, 23692, 3600, 13, 1666, 5557, 9731, 311, 12178, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 1427, 4741, 311, 1524, 810, 18699, 10105, 430, 690, 4726, 82703, 279, 23692, 1920, 323, 18885, 872, 8244, 5178, 627, 31233, 23097, 403, 323, 87687, 449, 3623, 12, 3386, 1762, 5153, 198, 31233, 39474, 323, 20632, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 374, 16996, 304, 279, 2115, 315, 58632, 23692, 13, 763, 2015, 311, 3493, 7524, 323, 47970, 4221, 3600, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 5813, 264, 3831, 3318, 5133, 449, 872, 12637, 18412, 5153, 13, 1115, 12302, 449, 1825, 10758, 323, 264, 6222, 8830, 315, 279, 3465, 520, 1450, 13, 3296, 86644, 264, 5647, 315, 97686, 1013, 648, 323, 27848, 5201, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 1893, 264, 33445, 4676, 1405, 814, 649, 26662, 9473, 6848, 11, 38263, 40017, 11, 323, 3493, 54584, 11302, 311, 7417, 872, 5178, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 4857, 39474, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 649, 1101, 3063, 311, 2731, 84633, 323, 38793, 2391, 32272, 11, 23391, 430, 58689, 527, 87516, 323, 13263, 6957, 279, 8250, 315, 459, 1567, 627, 15623, 4422, 367, 24059, 18412, 5153, 374, 264, 1401, 13189, 315, 6992, 58632, 23692, 13, 1102, 18065, 3318, 3871, 311, 23075, 11774, 323, 1304, 16369, 11429, 304, 1972, 7394, 13, 1115, 20632, 649, 1935, 5370, 7739, 11, 1778, 439, 66515, 23692, 12823, 11, 11821, 57726, 5070, 11, 477, 1524, 4737, 10800, 311, 2800, 2391, 35306, 32272, 13, 3296, 22815, 23387, 304, 20632, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 8935, 505, 25631, 39555, 323, 31518, 872, 1866, 23692, 7512, 13, 24296, 11, 7524, 20632, 649, 1101, 17210, 311, 264, 810, 75160, 29388, 11, 28462, 18412, 5153, 311, 10737, 311, 19019, 10223, 15082, 323, 6493, 1579, 22867, 58689, 1234, 7410, 13, 55106, 11, 4857, 39474, 323, 20632, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 73633, 264, 810, 47970, 323, 6721, 23692, 3217, 369, 2225, 279, 18412, 5153, 5694, 323, 279, 10877, 814, 8854, 627, 2654, 391, 1303, 311, 34496, 73177, 367, 11548, 323, 2998, 18347, 198, 791, 5845, 311, 10737, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 374, 264, 16996, 10151, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 13, 9062, 23692, 6376, 18911, 1202, 1866, 5016, 11774, 323, 8670, 11, 26192, 279, 40399, 311, 387, 19303, 323, 94848, 13, 13440, 433, 374, 304, 264, 10017, 3130, 11, 264, 59220, 11, 264, 6593, 12764, 11, 477, 904, 1023, 6376, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 6288, 8720, 279, 4676, 323, 1304, 5995, 34074, 311, 6106, 7524, 10758, 627, 4054, 13189, 315, 70817, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 374, 8830, 279, 3230, 13042, 323, 66251, 84889, 430, 1253, 387, 3118, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 1205, 311, 387, 16614, 311, 279, 13042, 12659, 11, 40851, 11, 323, 17078, 315, 279, 13324, 304, 2015, 311, 30357, 20599, 279, 10825, 6743, 13, 763, 1063, 5157, 11, 3738, 13042, 15407, 477, 41760, 13795, 24282, 1253, 1397, 5217, 41941, 477, 77765, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 2218, 10877, 7373, 12963, 1438, 279, 7438, 13, 2467, 391, 1303, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 1101, 18065, 1694, 8010, 315, 904, 11156, 8670, 477, 7241, 430, 1253, 387, 2561, 11, 1778, 439, 8162, 17144, 477, 66744, 92259, 11, 323, 35988, 1124, 13750, 311, 18885, 279, 23692, 1920, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 13042, 38864, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 1101, 387, 10235, 311, 3790, 29865, 3917, 13146, 323, 57726, 304, 2204, 23692, 5110, 13, 13440, 433, 374, 5897, 57726, 304, 264, 59220, 11, 11156, 503, 71921, 304, 264, 12624, 10017, 11, 477, 6485, 6593, 3878, 304, 264, 18985, 6376, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 15575, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 6677, 323, 36018, 304, 2015, 311, 30357, 14532, 279, 2262, 13, 1115, 7612, 19815, 6721, 4500, 323, 19994, 6177, 389, 5064, 19440, 57726, 323, 18845, 13, 2467, 391, 1303, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 5900, 7953, 4221, 63239, 26, 433, 71010, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 3917, 5030, 323, 279, 5845, 311, 20599, 433, 449, 54711, 32373, 323, 13708, 627, 2170, 18412, 5153, 13123, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 6957, 872, 31133, 11, 872, 10737, 2968, 323, 60112, 690, 387, 1401, 311, 872, 2450, 13, 578, 5845, 311, 6288, 8720, 323, 21546, 1521, 5110, 11, 1418, 13126, 13042, 11, 11156, 11, 323, 3917, 19440, 13878, 11, 374, 1148, 7437, 25363, 18412, 5153, 10980, 13, 3161, 19815, 6975, 323, 74013, 315, 872, 7512, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 6106, 47970, 10758, 4028, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 11, 77847, 3252, 4221, 30740, 323, 21583, 1274, 505, 17226, 36576, 627, 95880, 21931, 11050, 369, 4567, 495, 18133, 5783, 1762, 5153, 198, 95880, 6721, 4500, 374, 16996, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 311, 25555, 304, 872, 2115, 13, 763, 420, 26192, 4913, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 15320, 2713, 872, 7512, 11, 9407, 872, 6677, 11, 323, 46464, 872, 12823, 13, 3296, 23387, 304, 19815, 6721, 4500, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 18885, 872, 4221, 63239, 11, 4822, 709, 311, 2457, 449, 5064, 18845, 11, 323, 3719, 11537, 449, 502, 14645, 323, 7526, 430, 649, 1862, 872, 990, 627, 4054, 13189, 315, 19815, 6721, 4500, 18065, 18899, 4221, 7512, 13, 4567, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 2011, 387, 58868, 304, 2225, 872, 2592, 323, 2218, 15823, 11, 323, 814, 2011, 617, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 84889, 323, 13042, 38697, 315, 1521, 15823, 13, 17331, 4221, 14307, 323, 35936, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 46464, 872, 36018, 11, 32528, 11, 323, 20047, 311, 6106, 13687, 323, 7524, 23692, 13, 23212, 11, 24096, 38614, 323, 29130, 449, 1023, 4221, 15749, 649, 3493, 15525, 10708, 369, 4221, 9473, 323, 6975, 505, 26081, 13, 3296, 15320, 5954, 287, 872, 4221, 7512, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 6106, 1948, 78611, 5178, 304, 279, 5043, 65319, 323, 17436, 1917, 315, 58632, 23692, 627, 3923, 374, 58632, 23692, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 264, 1376, 315, 4221, 23692, 1405, 279, 40399, 64748, 311, 264, 19114, 323, 5825, 264, 1972, 7394, 14807, 304, 2500, 4221, 627, 3923, 527, 279, 11774, 17011, 555, 58632, 18412, 5153, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 3663, 11774, 1778, 439, 18646, 8631, 323, 36709, 11, 14892, 449, 6485, 57726, 11, 20958, 13708, 11, 323, 11850, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 23075, 4221, 30740, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 23075, 4221, 30740, 555, 60662, 3831, 4221, 7512, 11, 13042, 27541, 11, 323, 66251, 8830, 11, 902, 1520, 1124, 30357, 20599, 7438, 4028, 15823, 627, 3923, 374, 279, 3560, 315, 19815, 6721, 4500, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 5380, 95880, 6721, 4500, 11335, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 23391, 430, 58632, 18412, 5153, 4822, 6177, 449, 4221, 83787, 11, 5064, 10886, 11, 323, 502, 14645, 11, 10923, 1124, 311, 18885, 872, 7512, 323, 19248, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 10299, 8631, 323, 36709, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 10299, 8631, 323, 36709, 555, 51297, 8631, 6373, 12823, 11, 36666, 659, 41206, 11, 323, 20958, 264, 9498, 990, 26928, 8335, 627, 3923, 374, 279, 12939, 315, 13708, 323, 32373, 304, 58632, 23692, 5380, 46922, 323, 32373, 527, 7718, 304, 58632, 23692, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 10825, 1984, 374, 30357, 73897, 311, 279, 2218, 10877, 2085, 904, 72868, 477, 70847, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 3790, 6485, 323, 11156, 57726, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 3790, 6485, 323, 11156, 57726, 555, 20646, 304, 12178, 11, 31474, 3495, 11, 323, 73301, 449, 3917, 5030, 11909, 311, 3619, 323, 30357, 14532, 28175, 4221, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 37586, 449, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 37586, 449, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 555, 51297, 7524, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 11, 35988, 5296, 80671, 12823, 11, 323, 31978, 36666, 872, 66744, 7512, 627, 3923, 374, 279, 3560, 315, 85360, 71805, 304, 58632, 23692, 5380, 41504, 275, 71805, 374, 264, 16996, 10151, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 439, 814, 1205, 311, 9020, 11, 1920, 11, 323, 15025, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 1418, 25291, 16967, 872, 1866, 23692, 369, 13708, 323, 32373, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 18885, 872, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 18885, 872, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 1555, 5912, 6725, 11, 4642, 14624, 12823, 11, 323, 23387, 304, 7640, 430, 7417, 5357, 323, 6666, 627, 4438, 649, 58632, 18412, 5153, 13750, 1005, 40399, 7241, 323, 5557, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 649, 13750, 1005, 40399, 7241, 323, 5557, 555, 11537, 4954, 5694, 449, 279, 7526, 11, 24096, 4967, 16079, 11, 323, 19994, 6177, 389, 279, 5652, 83787, 304, 23692, 5557, 627, 3923, 374, 279, 12939, 315, 4857, 39474, 323, 20632, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 5380, 31233, 39474, 323, 20632, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 374, 3062, 439, 433, 6276, 369, 11113, 38793, 11, 57924, 279, 4367, 315, 23692, 11, 323, 26420, 47970, 34692, 1990, 18412, 5153, 2391, 5129, 32272, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 10737, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 10737, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 555, 31474, 17879, 3495, 11, 11537, 4954, 5694, 449, 279, 8712, 323, 2317, 11, 323, 6288, 43468, 872, 66744, 1742, 311, 2489, 279, 8670, 315, 279, 6671, 627, 3923, 3560, 1587, 13042, 27541, 1514, 304, 58632, 23692, 5380, 34, 44547, 27541, 374, 16996, 304, 58632, 23692, 439, 433, 8779, 18412, 5153, 3619, 13042, 84889, 11, 5766, 90700, 826, 11, 323, 30357, 20599, 279, 19114, 753, 10825, 7438, 2949, 279, 8475, 13042, 2317, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 3790, 72868, 323, 5105, 46703, 304, 23692, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 3790, 72868, 323, 5105, 46703, 555, 51297, 66251, 6492, 11, 11125, 64784, 994, 5995, 11, 323, 35988, 872, 65767, 19248, 311, 3373, 279, 1455, 8475, 23692, 3196, 389, 279, 2728, 2317, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 7524, 12823, 369, 18646, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 5380, 8538, 7524, 12823, 369, 18646, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 2997, 20958, 264, 19858, 40543, 11, 35988, 892, 6373, 15174, 11, 323, 23387, 304, 5912, 659, 44107, 1191, 323, 659, 38025, 782, 7986, 627, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 649, 23075, 4221, 14228, 11774, 1555, 19815, 4221, 6975, 11, 24050, 872, 36018, 11, 323, 19994, 6177, 449, 4221, 26006, 323, 18845, 627, 3923, 5070, 527, 2561, 369, 19815, 6721, 4500, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 5380, 95880, 6721, 4500, 5070, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 2997, 24096, 35936, 323, 38614, 11, 24435, 304, 2930, 4967, 7620, 11, 323, 18667, 6721, 30257, 430, 3085, 10151, 52499, 10708, 627, 3923, 527, 279, 1401, 7512, 2631, 369, 6992, 58632, 23692, 5380, 1622, 7512, 2631, 369, 6992, 58632, 23692, 2997, 3831, 4221, 63239, 11, 4642, 14624, 11, 85360, 71805, 11, 13042, 17985, 11, 10737, 2968, 11, 7524, 10758, 11, 323, 19815, 659, 38025, 782, 7986, 627, 4438, 1587, 19815, 6721, 4500, 8935, 58632, 18412, 5153, 5380, 95880, 6721, 4500, 7720, 58632, 18412, 5153, 555, 47594, 872, 7512, 11, 24050, 872, 6721, 4009, 11, 18899, 2683, 10708, 11, 323, 10494, 1124, 709, 4791, 18920, 449, 5064, 83787, 11, 13967, 6522, 311, 6721, 6650, 323, 2450, 13, 128001 ]

A mortgage may be a good technique to allow mask the money necessary for extreme money. Before your sign up for financing, it is important to discover all that complements credit funds. Understanding a mortgage? As soon as you acquire a mortgage, one use a certain sum and agree to pay it off within a specific timeframe, often with attention. The level you’ll have the option to acquire together with the monthly interest to choose from will depend on numerous things, just like your credit score rating and ways in which prolonged you’ll take on pay it. How come someone sign up for loans? What are the choosing finance? A personal mortgage is among the most typical type of mortgage, which can be used to protect yourwants above. Personal loans accessible varies from lender to lender. They will need different finance limits, finance interest rates and conditions going around. As soon as researching credit solutions, you can discover merchandise described as either fixed or unsecured. Signature loans are usually unsecured, meaning the financial institution – a bank, like for example – cannot relieve many investments if you fail to payback your balance. However, any belated or overlooked obligations can negatively hit your credit rating and the capability to borrow funds sometime soon. The lending company will regulate how a great deal of they’re able to give a person dependent on stuff like your earnings, credit history and the things you need the borrowed funds for. The most typical exemplory case of a safe financing was a mortgage, or home loan. In this case, the loan are ‘secured’ against your residence. This means the financial institution could repossess your household if you don’t keep up with repayments. Rates of interest on secured finance are generally under on unsecured loans. That’s because the bank shorten its danger by agreeing other ways of recovering their cash if visit the site right here a borrower isn’t able to payback the loan. The amount you can obtain for home financing will be based upon the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. Here is the numbers you’ll manage to acquire as a proportion for the importance of your home. Additional circumstances such as your money and credit history will influence how much you can acquire. Is actually that loan or credit card much better? Based on what you must borrow funds for and ways in which a great deal you’ll want to use, you need to assess lending products and cards. Both are employed in an identical technique – an individual borrow cash and pay it off. But there are benefits and drawbacks every single, therefore considering upwards which is right for you is extremely important. Credit cards could be best if you would like obtain smaller amounts daily. They’re likewise of good use if you’re unsure what it is advisable to need or need further investments on instance of a crisis. It’s necessary to make sure that you can pay for to repay anything you have used on a credit card. You may need to shell out a charge should you decide miss a repayment together with your curiosity owed can start to develop. This will probably supply a negative impact on your credit history. Funding will be more useful when borrowing a more substantial sum of money over a longer time period. You might be able to get an improved interest with loans and you’ll have actually a collection repayment words. Once more, you ought to only acquire what you are able be able to pay back. Lost any repayments may influence on your credit history and the capacity to borrow later on. Before applying for a loan, take a moment to take into consideration all your valuable possibilities. Take into account whether you really want that you’re seeking the mortgage for at this time. Should you dont, evaluate keeping a few cash. You may well be in the position to cut back full measure essential, or a amount from it, so you’ll ought to acquire a lesser amount of. You may wish spend some time to build up your credit history. A much better credit history may imply find granted far better rates and can also choose between a wider selection. If you’re checking out lending products, examine the rates available to find a very good choice for you. This could be expressed as an annual amount rate (APR). You are demonstrated the ‘representative APR’ when looking for credit. This could ben’t fundamentally the APR you’ll see, it is one example to help you easily assess the actual expense of all the mortgage equipment perhaps you are qualified to apply for. The APR you’ll take is dependent on your own personal conditions, and this may be not like the person APR publicized. Often browse the small print on any remedies you’re offered. You may also wish get hold of your bank precisely what the repayments could be. Making a budget with the incomings and outgoings will allow you to try to afford the settlements. If you are struggle to have the monthly payments, you want to consider additional options like borrowing significantly less or preserving upwards alternatively. Before a financial institution or monetary loan provider give you a loan, they’ll more than likely examine your consumer credit score. This is so they may see just what types of buyer you’re ready to come during your borrowing from the bank record. Your credit rating make a difference to whether you’ll have great results in a home loan application together with just what rate of interest you’ll have. There are 2 forms of searches a loan provider is going to do – a soft credit assessment and a tough credit check. Soft queries let the bank to determine what services and products you’re qualified to apply for and won’t create an impact on the credit status. A hard account bing search occurs any time you’ve truly requested for funds. This really an in-depth take a look at your credit report and will get out of a visible footprint. This indicates other lenders should be able to view you’ve obtained loans.

1,258

[ 128000, 32, 21515, 1253, 387, 264, 1695, 15105, 311, 2187, 7056, 279, 3300, 5995, 369, 14560, 3300, 13, 13538, 701, 1879, 709, 369, 29642, 11, 433, 374, 3062, 311, 7142, 682, 430, 1946, 1392, 6807, 10736, 627, 71251, 264, 21515, 5380, 2170, 5246, 439, 499, 21953, 264, 21515, 11, 832, 1005, 264, 3738, 2694, 323, 7655, 311, 2343, 433, 1022, 2949, 264, 3230, 71053, 11, 3629, 449, 6666, 13, 578, 2237, 499, 4805, 617, 279, 3072, 311, 21953, 3871, 449, 279, 15438, 2802, 311, 5268, 505, 690, 6904, 389, 12387, 2574, 11, 1120, 1093, 701, 6807, 5573, 10959, 323, 5627, 304, 902, 44387, 499, 4805, 1935, 389, 2343, 433, 627, 4438, 2586, 4423, 1879, 709, 369, 17017, 5380, 3923, 527, 279, 19301, 17452, 5380, 32, 4443, 21515, 374, 4315, 279, 1455, 14595, 955, 315, 21515, 11, 902, 649, 387, 1511, 311, 6144, 701, 86, 1821, 3485, 627, 35127, 17017, 15987, 35327, 505, 48575, 311, 48575, 13, 2435, 690, 1205, 2204, 17452, 13693, 11, 17452, 2802, 7969, 323, 4787, 2133, 2212, 627, 2170, 5246, 439, 45243, 6807, 10105, 11, 499, 649, 7142, 36045, 7633, 439, 3060, 8521, 477, 653, 85408, 627, 26144, 17017, 527, 6118, 653, 85408, 11, 7438, 279, 6020, 15244, 1389, 264, 6201, 11, 1093, 369, 3187, 1389, 4250, 48839, 1690, 22538, 422, 499, 3775, 311, 2343, 1445, 701, 8335, 13, 4452, 11, 904, 1689, 660, 477, 45536, 30255, 649, 48291, 4295, 701, 6807, 10959, 323, 279, 23099, 311, 17636, 10736, 36113, 5246, 627, 791, 40651, 2883, 690, 37377, 1268, 264, 2294, 3568, 315, 814, 3207, 3025, 311, 3041, 264, 1732, 18222, 389, 6392, 1093, 701, 24608, 11, 6807, 3925, 323, 279, 2574, 499, 1205, 279, 46664, 10736, 369, 627, 791, 1455, 14595, 39039, 683, 1162, 315, 264, 6220, 29642, 574, 264, 21515, 11, 477, 2162, 11941, 13, 763, 420, 1162, 11, 279, 11941, 527, 3451, 85408, 529, 2403, 701, 22423, 13, 1115, 3445, 279, 6020, 15244, 1436, 312, 9007, 434, 701, 14048, 422, 499, 1541, 1431, 2567, 709, 449, 54438, 1392, 627, 83723, 315, 2802, 389, 27528, 17452, 527, 8965, 1234, 389, 653, 85408, 17017, 13, 3011, 753, 1606, 279, 6201, 74481, 1202, 8137, 555, 39427, 1023, 5627, 315, 42386, 872, 8515, 422, 4034, 279, 2816, 1314, 1618, 264, 70719, 4536, 1431, 3025, 311, 2343, 1445, 279, 11941, 627, 791, 3392, 499, 649, 6994, 369, 2162, 29642, 690, 387, 3196, 5304, 279, 11941, 4791, 19625, 320, 43, 16027, 8, 11595, 13, 5810, 374, 279, 5219, 499, 4805, 10299, 311, 21953, 439, 264, 21801, 369, 279, 12939, 315, 701, 2162, 13, 24086, 13463, 1778, 439, 701, 3300, 323, 6807, 3925, 690, 10383, 1268, 1790, 499, 649, 21953, 627, 3957, 3604, 430, 11941, 477, 6807, 3786, 1790, 2731, 5380, 29815, 389, 1148, 499, 2011, 17636, 10736, 369, 323, 5627, 304, 902, 264, 2294, 3568, 499, 4805, 1390, 311, 1005, 11, 499, 1205, 311, 8720, 40651, 3956, 323, 7563, 13, 11995, 527, 20011, 304, 459, 20086, 15105, 1389, 459, 3927, 17636, 8515, 323, 2343, 433, 1022, 13, 2030, 1070, 527, 7720, 323, 89173, 1475, 3254, 11, 9093, 13126, 45054, 902, 374, 1314, 369, 499, 374, 9193, 3062, 627, 34593, 7563, 1436, 387, 1888, 422, 499, 1053, 1093, 6994, 9333, 15055, 7446, 13, 2435, 3207, 39022, 315, 1695, 1005, 422, 499, 3207, 44003, 1148, 433, 374, 69919, 311, 1205, 477, 1205, 4726, 22538, 389, 2937, 315, 264, 11501, 13, 1102, 753, 5995, 311, 1304, 2771, 430, 499, 649, 2343, 369, 311, 54438, 4205, 499, 617, 1511, 389, 264, 6807, 3786, 13, 1472, 1253, 1205, 311, 12811, 704, 264, 6900, 1288, 499, 10491, 3194, 264, 71118, 3871, 449, 701, 41328, 49009, 649, 1212, 311, 2274, 13, 1115, 690, 4762, 8312, 264, 8389, 5536, 389, 701, 6807, 3925, 627, 37, 38289, 690, 387, 810, 5505, 994, 53675, 264, 810, 12190, 2694, 315, 3300, 927, 264, 5129, 892, 4261, 13, 1472, 2643, 387, 3025, 311, 636, 459, 13241, 2802, 449, 17017, 323, 499, 4805, 617, 3604, 264, 4526, 71118, 4339, 13, 9843, 810, 11, 499, 22525, 311, 1193, 21953, 1148, 499, 527, 3025, 387, 3025, 311, 2343, 1203, 13, 28351, 904, 54438, 1392, 1253, 10383, 389, 701, 6807, 3925, 323, 279, 8824, 311, 17636, 3010, 389, 627, 10438, 19486, 369, 264, 11941, 11, 1935, 264, 4545, 311, 1935, 1139, 18361, 682, 701, 15525, 24525, 13, 12040, 1139, 2759, 3508, 499, 2216, 1390, 430, 499, 3207, 11125, 279, 21515, 369, 520, 420, 892, 13, 12540, 499, 15890, 11, 15806, 10494, 264, 2478, 8515, 13, 1472, 1253, 1664, 387, 304, 279, 2361, 311, 4018, 1203, 2539, 6767, 7718, 11, 477, 264, 3392, 505, 433, 11, 779, 499, 4805, 22525, 311, 21953, 264, 32415, 3392, 315, 627, 2675, 1253, 6562, 8493, 1063, 892, 311, 1977, 709, 701, 6807, 3925, 13, 362, 1790, 2731, 6807, 3925, 1253, 34608, 1505, 11938, 3117, 2731, 7969, 323, 649, 1101, 5268, 1990, 264, 22622, 6727, 627, 2746, 499, 3207, 13598, 704, 40651, 3956, 11, 21635, 279, 7969, 2561, 311, 1505, 264, 1633, 1695, 5873, 369, 499, 13, 1115, 1436, 387, 13605, 439, 459, 9974, 3392, 4478, 320, 2599, 49, 570, 1472, 527, 21091, 279, 3451, 36369, 1413, 53526, 529, 994, 3411, 369, 6807, 13, 1115, 1436, 3399, 1431, 43593, 279, 53526, 499, 4805, 1518, 11, 433, 374, 832, 3187, 311, 1520, 499, 6847, 8720, 279, 5150, 20900, 315, 682, 279, 21515, 7241, 8530, 499, 527, 15337, 311, 3881, 369, 627, 791, 53526, 499, 4805, 1935, 374, 18222, 389, 701, 1866, 4443, 4787, 11, 323, 420, 1253, 387, 539, 1093, 279, 1732, 53526, 586, 1534, 13, 36016, 27100, 279, 2678, 1194, 389, 904, 51236, 499, 3207, 9076, 627, 2675, 1253, 1101, 6562, 636, 3412, 315, 701, 6201, 24559, 1148, 279, 54438, 1392, 1436, 387, 13, 25274, 264, 8199, 449, 279, 53990, 826, 323, 704, 3427, 826, 690, 2187, 499, 311, 1456, 311, 10150, 279, 45704, 13, 1442, 499, 527, 14993, 311, 617, 279, 15438, 14507, 11, 499, 1390, 311, 2980, 5217, 2671, 1093, 53675, 12207, 2753, 477, 47995, 45054, 69487, 627, 10438, 264, 6020, 15244, 477, 33384, 11941, 9287, 3041, 499, 264, 11941, 11, 814, 4805, 810, 1109, 4461, 21635, 701, 11761, 6807, 5573, 13, 1115, 374, 779, 814, 1253, 1518, 1120, 1148, 4595, 315, 26171, 499, 3207, 5644, 311, 2586, 2391, 701, 53675, 505, 279, 6201, 3335, 627, 7927, 6807, 10959, 1304, 264, 6811, 311, 3508, 499, 4805, 617, 2294, 3135, 304, 264, 2162, 11941, 3851, 3871, 449, 1120, 1148, 4478, 315, 2802, 499, 4805, 617, 13, 2684, 527, 220, 17, 7739, 315, 27573, 264, 11941, 9287, 374, 2133, 311, 656, 1389, 264, 8579, 6807, 15813, 323, 264, 11292, 6807, 1817, 627, 31631, 20126, 1095, 279, 6201, 311, 8417, 1148, 3600, 323, 3956, 499, 3207, 15337, 311, 3881, 369, 323, 2834, 1431, 1893, 459, 5536, 389, 279, 6807, 2704, 627, 32, 2653, 2759, 293, 287, 2778, 13980, 904, 892, 499, 4070, 9615, 11472, 369, 10736, 13, 1115, 2216, 459, 304, 31410, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 701, 6807, 1934, 323, 690, 636, 704, 315, 264, 9621, 43972, 13, 1115, 15151, 1023, 46115, 1288, 387, 3025, 311, 1684, 499, 4070, 12457, 17017, 627, 128001 ]

<reponame>SkylerLipthay/ducc<gh_stars>10-100 // # Developer notes // // * Do not expose any FFI items through this crate. // * Use `duk_require_stack` directly before any `ffi::duk_*` calls that increase the stack size. // * Do not instantiate a `duk_context` (via `duk_create_heap` or `duk_create_heap_default`) outside // of `Ducc`. Because of some regrettable global state requirements imposed by Duktape, a // `duk_context` must be specially configured to avoid undefined behavior. For more information, // see `ensure_exec_timeout_check_exists`. use array::Array; use bytes::Bytes; use error::{Error, Result}; use ffi; use function::{create_callback, Function, Invocation}; use object::Object; use std::any::Any; use std::cell::RefCell; use string::String; use types::Ref; use util::{ create_heap, get_any_map, get_udata, pop_error, protect_duktape_closure, push_bytes, push_str, StackGuard, }; use value::{FromValue, ToValue, Value}; /// The entry point into the JavaScript execution environment. /// /// The `Duktape` global variable is not available to scripts because it is possible to use its /// methods to violate security and safety guarantees made by this library. pub struct Ducc { pub(crate) ctx: *mut ffi::duk_context, // Internally, a `ctx` can live in multiple `Ducc` instances (see `function::create_callback`), // so we need to make sure we only drop the Duktape heap in the top-level "grandparent" `Ducc`. pub(crate) is_top: bool, } impl Ducc { /// Creates a new JavaScript execution environment. pub fn new() -> Ducc { Ducc { ctx: unsafe { create_heap() }, is_top: true } } /// Returns the global object. pub fn globals(&self) -> Object { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_global_object(self.ctx); Object(self.pop_ref()) }) } } /// Compiles a chunk of JavaScript code and returns it as a function with no arguments. /// /// The source can be named by setting the `name` parameter. This is generally recommended as it /// results in better errors. /// /// Equivalent to Duktape's `duk_compile` using `DUK_COMPILE_EVAL`. pub fn compile(&self, source: &str, name: Option<&str>) -> Result<Function> { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { push_str(self.ctx, source)?; push_str(self.ctx, name.unwrap_or("input"))?; if ffi::duk_pcompile(self.ctx, ffi::DUK_COMPILE_EVAL) == 0 { Ok(Function(self.pop_ref())) } else { Err(pop_error(self.ctx)) } }) } } /// Executes a chunk of JavaScript code and returns its result. /// /// This is equivalent to calling `Ducc::compile` and `Function::call` immediately after. The /// only difference is that this function supports a `settings` parameter, can be used to /// specify one-time execution settings. pub fn exec<'ducc, R: FromValue<'ducc>>( &'ducc self, source: &str, name: Option<&str>, settings: ExecSettings, ) -> Result<R> { let func = self.compile(source, name)?; let udata = unsafe { get_udata(self.ctx) }; unsafe { (*udata).set_exec_settings(settings); } let result = func.call(()); unsafe { (*udata).clear_exec_settings(); } result.into() } /// Inserts any sort of keyed value of type `T` into the `Ducc`, typically for later retrieval /// from within Rust functions called from within JavaScript. If a value already exists with the /// key, it is returned. pub fn set_user_data<K, T>(&mut self, key: K, data: T) -> Option<Box<dyn Any + 'static>> where K: ToString, T: Any + 'static, { unsafe { let any_map = get_any_map(self.ctx); (*any_map).insert(key.to_string(), Box::new(data)) } } /// Returns a user data value by its key, or `None` if no value exists with the key. If a value /// exists but it is not of the type `T`, `None` is returned. This is typically used by a Rust /// function called from within JavaScript. pub fn get_user_data<'ducc, T: Any + 'static>(&'ducc self, key: &str) -> Option<&'ducc T> { unsafe { let any_map = get_any_map(self.ctx); match (*any_map).get(key) { Some(data) => data.downcast_ref::<T>(), None => None, } } } /// Removes and returns a user data value by its key. Returns `None` if no value exists with the /// key. pub fn remove_user_data(&mut self, key: &str) -> Option<Box<dyn Any + 'static>> { unsafe { let any_map = get_any_map(self.ctx); (*any_map).remove(key) } } /// Wraps a Rust function or closure, creating a callable JavaScript function handle to it. /// /// The function's return value is always a `Result`: If the function returns `Err`, the error /// is raised as a JavaScript error, which can be caught within JavaScript or bubbled up back /// into Rust. This allows using the `?` operator to propagate errors through intermediate /// JavaScript code. /// /// If the function returns `Ok`, the contained value will be converted to one or more /// JavaScript values. For details on Rust-to-JavaScript conversions, refer to the `ToValue` and /// `ToValues` traits. pub fn create_function<'ducc, 'callback, R, F>(&'ducc self, func: F) -> Function<'ducc> where R: ToValue<'callback>, F: 'static + Send + Fn(Invocation<'callback>) -> Result<R>, { create_callback(self, Box::new(move |ducc, this, args| { func(Invocation { ducc, this, args })?.to_value(ducc) })) } /// Wraps a mutable Rust closure, creating a callable JavaScript function handle to it. /// /// This is a version of `create_function` that accepts a FnMut argument. Refer to /// `create_function` for more information about the implementation. pub fn create_function_mut<'ducc, 'callback, R, F>(&'ducc self, func: F) -> Function<'ducc> where R: ToValue<'callback>, F: 'static + Send + FnMut(Invocation<'callback>) -> Result<R>, { let func = RefCell::new(func); self.create_function(move |invocation| { (&mut *func.try_borrow_mut().map_err(|_| Error::recursive_mut_callback())?)(invocation) }) } /// Pass a `&str` to Duktape, creating and returning an interned string. pub fn create_string(&self, value: &str) -> Result<String> { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { push_str(self.ctx, value)?; Ok(String(self.pop_ref())) }) } } /// Pass a `&[u8]` to Duktape, creating and returning an interned `Bytes`. pub fn create_bytes(&self, value: &[u8]) -> Result<Bytes> { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { push_bytes(self.ctx, value)?; Ok(Bytes(self.pop_ref())) }) } } /// Creates and returns an empty `Object` managed by Duktape. pub fn create_object(&self) -> Object { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_object(self.ctx); Object(self.pop_ref()) }) } } /// Creates and returns an empty `Array` managed by Duktape. pub fn create_array(&self) -> Array { unsafe { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_array(self.ctx); Array(self.pop_ref()) }) } } /// Creates and returns an `Object` managed by Duktape filled with the keys and values from an /// iterator. Keys are coerced to object properties. /// /// This is a thin wrapper around `Ducc::create_object` and `Object::set`. See `Object::set` for /// how this method might return an error. pub fn create_object_from<'ducc, K, V, I>(&'ducc self, iter: I) -> Result<Object<'ducc>> where K: ToValue<'ducc>, V: ToValue<'ducc>, I: IntoIterator<Item = (K, V)>, { let object = self.create_object(); for (k, v) in iter { object.set(k, v)?; } Ok(object) } /// Coerces a Duktape value to a string. Nearly all JavaScript values are coercible to strings, /// but this may fail with a runtime error under extraordinary circumstances (e.g. if the /// Ecmascript `ToString` implementation throws an error). pub fn coerce_string<'ducc>(&'ducc self, value: Value<'ducc>) -> Result<String<'ducc>> { match value { Value::String(s) => Ok(s), value => unsafe { let _sg = StackGuard::new(self.ctx); self.push_value(value); protect_duktape_closure(self.ctx, 1, 1, |ctx| ffi::duk_to_string(ctx, -1))?; Ok(String(self.pop_ref())) }, } } /// Coerces a Duktape value to a number. Nearly all JavaScript values are coercible to numbers, /// but this may fail with a runtime error under extraordinary circumstances (e.g. if the /// Ecmascript `ToNumber` implementation throws an error). /// /// This will return `std::f64::NAN` if the value has no numerical equivalent. pub fn coerce_number<'ducc>(&'ducc self, value: Value<'ducc>) -> Result<f64> { match value { Value::Number(n) => Ok(n), value => unsafe { let _sg = StackGuard::new(self.ctx); self.push_value(value); protect_duktape_closure(self.ctx, 1, 0, |ctx| { ffi::duk_to_number(ctx, -1) }) }, } } /// Coerces a Duktape value to a boolean (returns `true` if the value is "truthy", `false` /// otherwise). pub fn coerce_boolean(&self, value: Value) -> bool { unsafe { let _sg = StackGuard::new(self.ctx); self.push_value(value); ffi::duk_to_boolean(self.ctx, -1) != 0 } } /// Returns the call stack entry at given level or `None` if given level is invalid (outside the /// current call stack). /// /// # Levels /// /// * `-1` is the most recent function called. If the inspect function is invoked from inside a /// Ducc callback function, this will be the function callback itself. /// * `-2` is the caller of `-1` /// * ... And so on. /// /// # Example /// /// ``` /// # use ducc::Ducc; /// # let ducc = Ducc::new(); /// if let Some(entry) = ducc.inspect_call_stack_entry(-2) { /// let file_name = entry.function.into_object().get::<_, String>("fileName").unwrap(); /// println!("Function was called from {} line {}", file_name, entry.line_number); /// }; /// ``` pub fn inspect_call_stack_entry<'ducc>(&'ducc self, level: i32) -> Option<CallStackEntry<'ducc>> { unsafe { let _sg = StackGuard::new(self.ctx); ffi::duk_inspect_callstack_entry(self.ctx, level); let val = self.pop_value(); let entry = match val.as_object() { Some(obj) => obj, None => return None }; let keys = ( entry.get::<_, Function>("function"), entry.get::<_, f64>("pc"), entry.get::<_, f64>("lineNumber"), ); match keys { (Ok(func), Ok(pc), Ok(line_number)) => Some(CallStackEntry::<'ducc> { function: func, pc: pc, line_number: line_number }), _ => None } } } pub(crate) unsafe fn push_value(&self, value: Value) { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 1, { match value { Value::Undefined => { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_undefined(self.ctx); }, Value::Null => { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_null(self.ctx); }, Value::Boolean(b) => { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_boolean(self.ctx, if b { 1 } else { 0 }); }, Value::Number(n) => { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_number(self.ctx, n); }, Value::String(s) => self.push_ref(&s.0), Value::Function(f) => self.push_ref(&f.0), Value::Array(a) => self.push_ref(&a.0), Value::Object(o) => self.push_ref(&o.0), Value::Bytes(b) => self.push_ref(&b.0), } }) } // Pops the value at the top of the stack and converts it to a `Value`. // // Returns `Value::Undefined` if `duk_get_type` returns a value type that cannot be decoded. pub(crate) unsafe fn pop_value(&self) -> Value { assert_stack!(self.ctx, -1, { match ffi::duk_get_type(self.ctx, -1) as u32 { ffi::DUK_TYPE_UNDEFINED => { ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); Value::Undefined }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_NULL => { ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); Value::Null }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_BOOLEAN => { let result = ffi::duk_get_boolean(self.ctx, -1) != 0; ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); Value::Boolean(result) }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_NUMBER => { let result = ffi::duk_get_number(self.ctx, -1); ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); Value::Number(result) }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_STRING => { Value::String(String(self.pop_ref())) }, ffi::DUK_TYPE_OBJECT | ffi::DUK_TYPE_BUFFER => { if ffi::duk_is_buffer_data(self.ctx, -1) != 0 { Value::Bytes(Bytes(self.pop_ref())) } else if ffi::duk_is_function(self.ctx, -1) != 0 { Value::Function(Function(self.pop_ref())) } else if ffi::duk_is_array(self.ctx, -1) != 0 { Value::Array(Array(self.pop_ref())) } else { Value::Object(Object(self.pop_ref())) } }, _ => Value::Undefined, } }) } pub(crate) unsafe fn push_ref(&self, r: &Ref) { assert!(r.ducc.ctx == self.ctx, "`Value` passed from one `Ducc` instance to another"); assert_stack!(self.ctx, 1, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 2); ffi::duk_push_heap_stash(self.ctx); ffi::duk_get_prop_index(self.ctx, -1, r.stash_key); ffi::duk_remove(self.ctx, -2); }); } pub(crate) unsafe fn pop_ref(&self) -> Ref { const STASH_KEY: [i8; 10] = hidden_i8str!('s', 't', 'a', 's', 'h', 'k', 'e', 'y'); assert_stack!(self.ctx, -1, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 2); ffi::duk_push_heap_stash(self.ctx); // Generate a unique stash key. ffi::duk_get_global_string(self.ctx, STASH_KEY.as_ptr() as *const _); let mut stash_key: ffi::duk_uarridx_t = ffi::duk_to_number(self.ctx, -1) as u32; ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); let mut has_wrapped = false; loop { stash_key = stash_key.wrapping_add(1); if stash_key == 0 { if has_wrapped { // We searched the entire integer space for an empty heap space. Looks like // we're out of indexable memory! This only happens if the user pushes // `0xFFFFFFFF` references to the heap at once, which is probably at least // 16GB of memory. panic!("out of addressable space in duktape heap"); } else { has_wrapped = true; } } if ffi::duk_has_prop_index(self.ctx, -1, stash_key) == 0 { break; } } ffi::duk_push_uint(self.ctx, stash_key); ffi::duk_put_global_string(self.ctx, STASH_KEY.as_ptr() as *const _); ffi::duk_dup(self.ctx, -2); ffi::duk_put_prop_index(self.ctx, -2, stash_key); ffi::duk_pop_2(self.ctx); Ref { ducc: self, stash_key: stash_key } }) } pub(crate) unsafe fn clone_ref(&self, r: &Ref) -> Ref { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { self.push_ref(r); self.pop_ref() }) } pub(crate) unsafe fn drop_ref(&self, r: &mut Ref) { assert_stack!(self.ctx, 0, { ffi::duk_require_stack(self.ctx, 1); ffi::duk_push_heap_stash(self.ctx); ffi::duk_del_prop_index(self.ctx, -1, r.stash_key); ffi::duk_pop(self.ctx); }); } } impl Drop for Ducc { fn drop(&mut self) { if !self.is_top { return; } unsafe { let udata = get_udata(self.ctx); let any_map = get_any_map(self.ctx); ffi::duk_destroy_heap(self.ctx); Box::from_raw(udata); Box::from_raw(any_map); } } } /// A list of one-time settings for JavaScript execution. #[derive(Default)] pub struct ExecSettings { /// An optional closure that returns `true` if the execution should be cancelled as soon as /// possible, or `false` if the execution should continue. This is useful for implementing an /// execution timeout. This function is only called during JavaScript execution, and will not be /// called while execution is within native Rust code. pub cancel_fn: Option<Box<dyn Fn() -> bool>>, } /// Internal entry on the call stack as returned by /// [inspect_call_stack_entry](Ducc::inspect_call_stack_entry). pub struct CallStackEntry<'ducc> { /// Function being executed. Note that this is a potential sandboxing concern if exposed to /// untrusted code. pub function: Function<'ducc>, /// Program counter for ECMAScript functions. Zero if executing a native function. pub pc: f64, /// Line number for ECMAScript functions. This is zero if executing a native function or if /// PC-to-line translation data is not available. pub line_number: f64 }

9,091

[ 128000, 27, 265, 621, 373, 26922, 8050, 1565, 43, 575, 339, 352, 14, 1072, 641, 27, 876, 1284, 1590, 29, 605, 12, 1041, 198, 322, 674, 25922, 8554, 198, 2341, 322, 353, 3234, 539, 29241, 904, 435, 19991, 3673, 1555, 420, 18187, 627, 322, 353, 5560, 1595, 57671, 14112, 15897, 63, 6089, 1603, 904, 1595, 54899, 487, 57671, 46897, 63, 6880, 430, 5376, 279, 5729, 1404, 627, 322, 353, 3234, 539, 42002, 264, 1595, 57671, 8634, 63, 320, 20708, 1595, 57671, 8827, 34159, 63, 477, 1595, 57671, 8827, 34159, 10198, 33981, 4994, 198, 322, 256, 315, 1595, 35, 14912, 29687, 9393, 315, 1063, 23023, 2048, 3728, 1614, 8670, 27070, 555, 423, 38767, 2070, 11, 264, 198, 322, 256, 1595, 57671, 8634, 63, 2011, 387, 35426, 20336, 311, 5766, 5732, 7865, 13, 1789, 810, 2038, 345, 322, 256, 1518, 1595, 28389, 18937, 21179, 7348, 9965, 63438, 817, 1358, 487, 1895, 280, 817, 5943, 487, 7223, 280, 817, 1493, 23821, 1480, 11, 5832, 2499, 817, 78056, 280, 817, 734, 23821, 3261, 12802, 11, 5830, 11, 79593, 2499, 817, 1665, 487, 1211, 280, 817, 1487, 487, 3852, 487, 8780, 280, 817, 1487, 487, 5997, 487, 4032, 3683, 280, 817, 925, 487, 707, 280, 817, 4595, 487, 4032, 280, 817, 4186, 75943, 262, 1893, 34159, 345, 262, 636, 38348, 5489, 345, 262, 636, 73039, 460, 345, 262, 2477, 4188, 345, 262, 6144, 821, 38767, 2070, 73923, 345, 262, 4585, 12807, 345, 262, 4585, 2966, 345, 262, 14619, 21471, 345, 2499, 817, 907, 23821, 3915, 1150, 11, 2057, 1150, 11, 5273, 2368, 2640, 578, 4441, 1486, 1139, 279, 13210, 11572, 4676, 627, 15735, 2640, 578, 1595, 35, 38767, 2070, 63, 3728, 3977, 374, 539, 2561, 311, 20070, 1606, 433, 374, 3284, 311, 1005, 1202, 198, 2640, 5528, 311, 41587, 4868, 323, 7296, 36755, 1903, 555, 420, 6875, 627, 9780, 2080, 423, 14912, 341, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 5753, 25, 353, 7129, 78056, 487, 57671, 8634, 345, 262, 443, 4514, 750, 11, 264, 1595, 3858, 63, 649, 3974, 304, 5361, 1595, 35, 14912, 63, 13422, 320, 4151, 1595, 1723, 487, 3261, 12802, 90846, 262, 443, 779, 584, 1205, 311, 1304, 2771, 584, 1193, 6068, 279, 423, 38767, 2070, 17817, 304, 279, 1948, 11852, 330, 53766, 3850, 1, 1595, 35, 14912, 19154, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 374, 10643, 25, 1845, 345, 633, 6517, 423, 14912, 341, 262, 1066, 15026, 264, 502, 13210, 11572, 4676, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 502, 368, 1492, 423, 14912, 341, 286, 423, 14912, 314, 5753, 25, 20451, 314, 1893, 34159, 368, 2529, 374, 10643, 25, 837, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 5295, 279, 3728, 1665, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 38885, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 3075, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 19854, 5427, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 3075, 1214, 8452, 7949, 2455, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 13620, 3742, 264, 12143, 315, 13210, 2082, 323, 4780, 433, 439, 264, 734, 449, 912, 6105, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 578, 2592, 649, 387, 7086, 555, 6376, 279, 1595, 609, 63, 5852, 13, 1115, 374, 8965, 11349, 439, 433, 198, 262, 1066, 3135, 304, 2731, 6103, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 92328, 311, 423, 38767, 2070, 596, 1595, 57671, 75270, 63, 1701, 1595, 22272, 42, 84501, 72065, 19154, 262, 6814, 5279, 19742, 2146, 726, 11, 2592, 25, 612, 496, 11, 836, 25, 7104, 53344, 496, 9414, 1492, 5832, 27, 5263, 29, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 4585, 2966, 1214, 31708, 11, 2592, 41107, 394, 4585, 2966, 1214, 31708, 11, 836, 56495, 8908, 446, 1379, 2830, 38545, 394, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 623, 21065, 1214, 31708, 11, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 84501, 72065, 8, 624, 220, 15, 341, 504, 7777, 55016, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 394, 335, 775, 341, 504, 15863, 41248, 4188, 1214, 31708, 1192, 394, 457, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 56642, 264, 12143, 315, 13210, 2082, 323, 4780, 1202, 1121, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1115, 374, 13890, 311, 8260, 1595, 35, 14912, 487, 21065, 63, 323, 1595, 5263, 487, 6797, 63, 7214, 1306, 13, 578, 198, 262, 1066, 1193, 6811, 374, 430, 420, 734, 11815, 264, 1595, 6648, 63, 5852, 11, 649, 387, 1511, 311, 198, 262, 1066, 14158, 832, 7394, 11572, 5110, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 3969, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 432, 25, 5659, 1150, 18795, 1072, 641, 98338, 286, 31236, 1072, 641, 659, 345, 286, 2592, 25, 612, 496, 345, 286, 836, 25, 7104, 53344, 496, 12803, 286, 5110, 25, 10502, 6214, 345, 262, 883, 1492, 5832, 24259, 29, 341, 286, 1095, 2988, 284, 659, 19458, 12719, 11, 836, 90820, 286, 1095, 577, 695, 284, 20451, 314, 636, 73039, 460, 1214, 31708, 8, 2670, 286, 20451, 314, 4712, 664, 460, 570, 751, 18937, 11090, 24258, 1237, 557, 286, 1095, 1121, 284, 2988, 8692, 5175, 629, 286, 20451, 314, 4712, 664, 460, 570, 7574, 18937, 11090, 2178, 557, 286, 1121, 40960, 746, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 85853, 904, 3460, 315, 91629, 907, 315, 955, 1595, 51, 63, 1139, 279, 1595, 35, 14912, 7964, 11383, 369, 3010, 57470, 198, 262, 1066, 505, 2949, 34889, 5865, 2663, 505, 2949, 13210, 13, 1442, 264, 907, 2736, 6866, 449, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 1401, 11, 433, 374, 6052, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 743, 3398, 1807, 29339, 11, 350, 45884, 7129, 659, 11, 1401, 25, 735, 11, 828, 25, 350, 8, 1492, 7104, 80952, 93946, 5884, 489, 364, 2020, 40171, 262, 1405, 198, 286, 735, 25, 33228, 345, 286, 350, 25, 5884, 489, 364, 2020, 345, 262, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 904, 5489, 284, 636, 38348, 5489, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 4712, 3852, 5489, 570, 4302, 4962, 2446, 3991, 1535, 8425, 487, 943, 2657, 1192, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 5295, 264, 1217, 828, 907, 555, 1202, 1401, 11, 477, 1595, 4155, 63, 422, 912, 907, 6866, 449, 279, 1401, 13, 1442, 264, 907, 198, 262, 1066, 6866, 719, 433, 374, 539, 315, 279, 955, 1595, 51, 7964, 1595, 4155, 63, 374, 6052, 13, 1115, 374, 11383, 1511, 555, 264, 34889, 198, 262, 1066, 734, 2663, 505, 2949, 13210, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 636, 3398, 1807, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 350, 25, 5884, 489, 364, 2020, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 1401, 25, 612, 496, 8, 1492, 7104, 53344, 6, 1072, 641, 350, 29, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 904, 5489, 284, 636, 38348, 5489, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 2489, 4712, 3852, 5489, 570, 456, 4962, 8, 341, 394, 4427, 2657, 8, 591, 828, 18644, 3914, 7949, 28738, 51, 66866, 394, 2290, 591, 2290, 345, 310, 457, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 39875, 323, 4780, 264, 1217, 828, 907, 555, 1202, 1401, 13, 5295, 1595, 4155, 63, 422, 912, 907, 6866, 449, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 1401, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 4148, 3398, 1807, 2146, 7129, 659, 11, 1401, 25, 612, 496, 8, 1492, 7104, 80952, 93946, 5884, 489, 364, 2020, 2511, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 904, 5489, 284, 636, 38348, 5489, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 4712, 3852, 5489, 570, 5514, 4962, 340, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 32730, 2690, 264, 34889, 734, 477, 22722, 11, 6968, 264, 42022, 13210, 734, 3790, 311, 433, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 578, 734, 596, 471, 907, 374, 2744, 264, 1595, 2122, 45722, 1442, 279, 734, 4780, 1595, 7903, 7964, 279, 1493, 198, 262, 1066, 374, 9408, 439, 264, 13210, 1493, 11, 902, 649, 387, 10791, 2949, 13210, 477, 90712, 839, 709, 1203, 198, 262, 1066, 1139, 34889, 13, 1115, 6276, 1701, 279, 1595, 30, 63, 5793, 311, 58514, 6103, 1555, 29539, 198, 262, 1066, 13210, 2082, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1442, 279, 734, 4780, 1595, 11839, 7964, 279, 13282, 907, 690, 387, 16489, 311, 832, 477, 810, 198, 262, 1066, 13210, 2819, 13, 1789, 3649, 389, 34889, 4791, 12278, 2979, 6035, 49822, 11, 8464, 311, 279, 1595, 1271, 1150, 63, 323, 198, 262, 1066, 1595, 1271, 6359, 63, 25022, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 9353, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 364, 13802, 11, 432, 11, 435, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 2988, 25, 435, 8, 1492, 5830, 18795, 1072, 641, 397, 262, 1405, 198, 286, 432, 25, 2057, 1150, 18795, 13802, 12803, 286, 435, 25, 364, 2020, 489, 11244, 489, 51282, 7, 38543, 18795, 13802, 9414, 1492, 5832, 24259, 12803, 262, 341, 286, 1893, 12802, 1214, 11, 8425, 487, 943, 35181, 765, 1072, 641, 11, 420, 11, 2897, 91, 341, 310, 2988, 7, 38543, 314, 3930, 641, 11, 420, 11, 2897, 6547, 4710, 998, 3220, 7, 1072, 641, 340, 286, 29812, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 32730, 2690, 264, 26889, 34889, 22722, 11, 6968, 264, 42022, 13210, 734, 3790, 311, 433, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1115, 374, 264, 2373, 315, 1595, 3261, 9353, 63, 430, 27441, 264, 51282, 52540, 5811, 13, 29734, 311, 198, 262, 1066, 1595, 3261, 9353, 63, 369, 810, 2038, 922, 279, 8292, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 9353, 30623, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 364, 13802, 11, 432, 11, 435, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 2988, 25, 435, 8, 1492, 5830, 18795, 1072, 641, 397, 262, 1405, 198, 286, 432, 25, 2057, 1150, 18795, 13802, 12803, 286, 435, 25, 364, 2020, 489, 11244, 489, 51282, 52540, 7, 38543, 18795, 13802, 9414, 1492, 5832, 24259, 12803, 262, 341, 286, 1095, 2988, 284, 8718, 3683, 487, 943, 19062, 317, 286, 659, 2581, 9353, 35181, 765, 14386, 2328, 91, 341, 310, 16278, 7129, 353, 2900, 49879, 890, 7924, 30623, 1020, 2235, 9450, 23236, 36495, 4703, 487, 50612, 30623, 12802, 2189, 30, 2432, 14386, 2328, 340, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 10175, 264, 1595, 5, 496, 63, 311, 423, 38767, 2070, 11, 6968, 323, 13758, 459, 2655, 291, 925, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 3991, 2146, 726, 11, 907, 25, 612, 496, 8, 1492, 5832, 3548, 29, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 4585, 2966, 1214, 31708, 11, 907, 41107, 394, 7777, 2292, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 10175, 264, 1595, 5, 58, 84, 23, 60, 63, 311, 423, 38767, 2070, 11, 6968, 323, 13758, 459, 2655, 291, 1595, 7223, 19154, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 12807, 2146, 726, 11, 907, 25, 45690, 84, 23, 2526, 1492, 5832, 27, 7223, 29, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 4585, 12807, 1214, 31708, 11, 907, 41107, 394, 7777, 77523, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 15026, 323, 4780, 459, 4384, 1595, 1211, 63, 9152, 555, 423, 38767, 2070, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 5427, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 3075, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 5427, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 3075, 1214, 8452, 7949, 2455, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 15026, 323, 4780, 459, 4384, 1595, 1895, 63, 9152, 555, 423, 38767, 2070, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 3943, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 2982, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 394, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 3943, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 2982, 1214, 8452, 7949, 2455, 310, 2820, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 15026, 323, 4780, 459, 1595, 1211, 63, 9152, 555, 423, 38767, 2070, 10409, 449, 279, 7039, 323, 2819, 505, 459, 198, 262, 1066, 15441, 13, 25104, 527, 94285, 2041, 311, 1665, 6012, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1115, 374, 264, 15792, 13564, 2212, 1595, 35, 14912, 487, 3261, 5427, 63, 323, 1595, 1211, 487, 751, 29687, 3580, 1595, 1211, 487, 751, 63, 369, 198, 262, 1066, 1268, 420, 1749, 2643, 471, 459, 1493, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 1893, 5427, 5791, 18795, 1072, 641, 11, 735, 11, 650, 11, 358, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 5480, 25, 358, 8, 1492, 5832, 21191, 18795, 1072, 641, 40171, 262, 1405, 198, 286, 735, 25, 2057, 1150, 18795, 1072, 641, 12803, 286, 650, 25, 2057, 1150, 18795, 1072, 641, 12803, 286, 358, 25, 32745, 12217, 32957, 284, 320, 42, 11, 650, 8, 12803, 262, 341, 286, 1095, 1665, 284, 659, 2581, 5427, 545, 286, 369, 320, 74, 11, 348, 8, 304, 5480, 341, 310, 1665, 995, 6097, 11, 348, 41107, 286, 457, 286, 7777, 4496, 340, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 3623, 261, 1634, 264, 423, 38767, 2070, 907, 311, 264, 925, 13, 49669, 682, 13210, 2819, 527, 55363, 1260, 311, 9246, 345, 262, 1066, 719, 420, 1253, 3775, 449, 264, 15964, 1493, 1234, 24674, 13463, 320, 68, 1326, 13, 422, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 469, 6358, 5948, 1595, 5994, 63, 8292, 3872, 459, 1493, 4390, 262, 6814, 5279, 84125, 3991, 18795, 1072, 641, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 907, 25, 5273, 18795, 1072, 641, 9414, 1492, 5832, 3548, 18795, 1072, 641, 2511, 341, 286, 2489, 907, 341, 310, 5273, 487, 707, 1161, 8, 591, 7777, 1161, 1350, 310, 907, 591, 20451, 341, 394, 1095, 721, 2034, 284, 14619, 21471, 487, 943, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 659, 2615, 3220, 3764, 317, 394, 6144, 821, 38767, 2070, 73923, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 11, 220, 16, 11, 765, 3858, 91, 78056, 487, 57671, 2401, 3991, 7654, 11, 482, 16, 595, 38545, 394, 7777, 2292, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 310, 1173, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 3623, 261, 1634, 264, 423, 38767, 2070, 907, 311, 264, 1396, 13, 49669, 682, 13210, 2819, 527, 55363, 1260, 311, 5219, 345, 262, 1066, 719, 420, 1253, 3775, 449, 264, 15964, 1493, 1234, 24674, 13463, 320, 68, 1326, 13, 422, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 469, 6358, 5948, 1595, 1271, 2903, 63, 8292, 3872, 459, 1493, 4390, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 1115, 690, 471, 1595, 1872, 487, 69, 1227, 487, 45, 1111, 63, 422, 279, 907, 706, 912, 35876, 13890, 627, 262, 6814, 5279, 84125, 5617, 18795, 1072, 641, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 907, 25, 5273, 18795, 1072, 641, 9414, 1492, 5832, 64995, 1227, 29, 341, 286, 2489, 907, 341, 310, 5273, 487, 2903, 1471, 8, 591, 7777, 1471, 1350, 310, 907, 591, 20451, 341, 394, 1095, 721, 2034, 284, 14619, 21471, 487, 943, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 659, 2615, 3220, 3764, 317, 394, 6144, 821, 38767, 2070, 73923, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 11, 220, 15, 11, 765, 3858, 91, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 2401, 5617, 7654, 11, 482, 16, 340, 394, 2820, 310, 1173, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 3623, 261, 1634, 264, 423, 38767, 2070, 907, 311, 264, 2777, 320, 4310, 1595, 1904, 63, 422, 279, 907, 374, 330, 59677, 88, 498, 1595, 3934, 4077, 262, 1066, 6062, 4390, 262, 6814, 5279, 84125, 47742, 2146, 726, 11, 907, 25, 5273, 8, 1492, 1845, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 721, 2034, 284, 14619, 21471, 487, 943, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 659, 2615, 3220, 3764, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 2401, 47742, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 198, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 1066, 5295, 279, 1650, 5729, 4441, 520, 2728, 2237, 477, 1595, 4155, 63, 422, 2728, 2237, 374, 8482, 320, 68090, 279, 198, 262, 1066, 1510, 1650, 5729, 4390, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 674, 53793, 198, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 353, 94897, 16, 63, 374, 279, 1455, 3293, 734, 2663, 13, 1442, 279, 25052, 734, 374, 27979, 505, 4871, 264, 198, 262, 1066, 257, 423, 14912, 4927, 734, 11, 420, 690, 387, 279, 734, 4927, 5196, 627, 262, 1066, 353, 94897, 17, 63, 374, 279, 20456, 315, 94897, 16, 4077, 262, 1066, 353, 2564, 1628, 779, 389, 627, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 674, 13688, 198, 262, 17494, 262, 1066, 42333, 262, 1066, 674, 1005, 3930, 641, 487, 35, 14912, 280, 262, 1066, 674, 1095, 3930, 641, 284, 423, 14912, 487, 943, 545, 262, 1066, 422, 1095, 4427, 18739, 8, 284, 3930, 641, 59354, 13735, 15897, 9255, 4172, 17, 8, 341, 262, 1066, 262, 1095, 1052, 1292, 284, 4441, 20687, 40960, 5427, 1020, 456, 28738, 7022, 935, 13514, 21096, 1865, 15818, 545, 262, 1066, 262, 14069, 17667, 5263, 574, 2663, 505, 4792, 1584, 25716, 1052, 1292, 11, 4441, 11172, 5617, 317, 262, 1066, 2670, 262, 1066, 42333, 262, 6814, 5279, 25052, 13735, 15897, 9255, 18795, 1072, 641, 45884, 6, 1072, 641, 659, 11, 2237, 25, 602, 843, 340, 286, 1492, 7104, 27, 7368, 4434, 5998, 18795, 1072, 641, 40171, 262, 341, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 721, 2034, 284, 14619, 21471, 487, 943, 1214, 31708, 629, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 35486, 1002, 13735, 7848, 9255, 1214, 31708, 11, 2237, 317, 310, 1095, 1062, 284, 659, 8452, 3220, 545, 310, 1095, 4441, 284, 2489, 1062, 5470, 5427, 368, 341, 394, 4427, 6922, 8, 591, 2909, 345, 394, 2290, 591, 471, 2290, 198, 310, 3718, 310, 1095, 7039, 284, 2456, 394, 4441, 673, 28738, 7022, 5830, 13514, 1723, 4561, 394, 4441, 673, 28738, 7022, 282, 1227, 13514, 4080, 4561, 394, 4441, 673, 28738, 7022, 282, 1227, 13514, 1074, 2903, 4561, 310, 3559, 310, 2489, 7039, 341, 394, 320, 11839, 19062, 705, 7777, 48180, 705, 7777, 8973, 5617, 595, 591, 4427, 56324, 4434, 5998, 487, 18795, 1072, 641, 29, 341, 504, 734, 25, 2988, 345, 504, 13615, 25, 13615, 345, 504, 1584, 5617, 25, 1584, 5617, 198, 394, 12240, 394, 721, 591, 2290, 198, 310, 457, 286, 457, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 4585, 3220, 2146, 726, 11, 907, 25, 5273, 8, 341, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 11, 341, 310, 2489, 907, 341, 394, 5273, 487, 31671, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 62, 9811, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 1173, 394, 5273, 487, 3360, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 15514, 1214, 31708, 317, 394, 1173, 394, 5273, 487, 7035, 1921, 8, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 47742, 1214, 31708, 11, 422, 293, 314, 220, 16, 335, 775, 314, 220, 15, 1657, 394, 1173, 394, 5273, 487, 2903, 1471, 8, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 5617, 1214, 31708, 11, 308, 317, 394, 1173, 394, 5273, 487, 707, 1161, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 82, 13, 15, 1350, 394, 5273, 487, 5263, 968, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 69, 13, 15, 1350, 394, 5273, 487, 1895, 2948, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 64, 13, 15, 1350, 394, 5273, 487, 1211, 10316, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 78, 13, 15, 1350, 394, 5273, 487, 7223, 1921, 8, 591, 659, 2615, 7949, 2146, 65, 13, 15, 1350, 310, 457, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 443, 393, 3806, 279, 907, 520, 279, 1948, 315, 279, 5729, 323, 33822, 433, 311, 264, 1595, 1150, 19154, 262, 6611, 262, 443, 5295, 1595, 1150, 487, 31671, 63, 422, 1595, 57671, 3138, 1857, 63, 4780, 264, 907, 955, 430, 4250, 387, 30313, 627, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 2477, 3220, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 5273, 341, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 341, 310, 2489, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 1857, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 439, 577, 843, 341, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 77963, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 504, 5273, 487, 31671, 198, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 18611, 591, 341, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 504, 5273, 487, 3360, 198, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 38909, 591, 341, 504, 1095, 1121, 284, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 47742, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 280, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 504, 5273, 487, 7035, 4556, 340, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 19925, 591, 341, 504, 1095, 1121, 284, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 5617, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 317, 504, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 504, 5273, 487, 2903, 4556, 340, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 12563, 591, 341, 504, 5273, 487, 707, 2292, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 394, 1173, 394, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 13748, 765, 78056, 487, 22272, 42, 4283, 14731, 591, 341, 504, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 7037, 7932, 1807, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 341, 667, 5273, 487, 7223, 77523, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 504, 335, 775, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 7037, 9353, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 341, 667, 5273, 487, 5263, 55016, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 504, 335, 775, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 7037, 3943, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 976, 220, 15, 341, 667, 5273, 487, 1895, 39292, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 504, 335, 775, 341, 667, 5273, 487, 1211, 12809, 1214, 8452, 7949, 12419, 504, 457, 394, 1173, 394, 721, 591, 5273, 487, 31671, 345, 310, 457, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 4585, 7949, 2146, 726, 11, 436, 25, 612, 4032, 8, 341, 286, 2105, 10509, 81, 962, 14912, 31708, 624, 659, 31708, 11, 37073, 1150, 63, 5946, 505, 832, 1595, 35, 14912, 63, 2937, 311, 2500, 803, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 11, 341, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 17, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 34159, 1284, 1003, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 22401, 3644, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 436, 1258, 1003, 3173, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 18692, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 17, 317, 286, 1657, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 2477, 7949, 2146, 726, 8, 1492, 8718, 341, 286, 738, 4015, 9729, 6738, 25, 510, 72, 23, 26, 220, 605, 60, 284, 8340, 5431, 23, 496, 0, 493, 82, 518, 364, 83, 518, 364, 64, 518, 364, 82, 518, 364, 71, 518, 364, 74, 518, 364, 68, 518, 364, 88, 3840, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 341, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 17, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 34159, 1284, 1003, 1214, 31708, 629, 310, 443, 20400, 264, 5016, 65137, 1401, 627, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 3138, 19854, 3991, 1214, 31708, 11, 4015, 9729, 6738, 5470, 4446, 368, 439, 353, 1040, 721, 317, 310, 1095, 5318, 65137, 3173, 25, 78056, 487, 57671, 7448, 1138, 6495, 530, 284, 78056, 487, 57671, 2401, 5617, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 8, 439, 577, 843, 280, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 1095, 5318, 706, 45174, 5795, 284, 905, 280, 310, 6471, 341, 394, 65137, 3173, 284, 65137, 3173, 82393, 3713, 2962, 7, 16, 317, 394, 422, 65137, 3173, 624, 220, 15, 341, 504, 422, 706, 45174, 5795, 341, 667, 443, 1226, 27600, 279, 4553, 7698, 3634, 369, 459, 4384, 17817, 3634, 13, 42906, 1093, 198, 667, 443, 584, 2351, 704, 315, 1963, 481, 5044, 0, 1115, 1193, 8741, 422, 279, 1217, 41802, 198, 667, 443, 1595, 15, 23445, 63, 15407, 311, 279, 17817, 520, 3131, 11, 902, 374, 4762, 520, 3325, 198, 667, 443, 220, 845, 5494, 315, 5044, 627, 667, 22743, 17667, 412, 315, 2686, 481, 3634, 304, 294, 38767, 2070, 17817, 803, 504, 335, 775, 341, 667, 706, 45174, 5795, 284, 837, 280, 504, 457, 394, 557, 394, 422, 78056, 487, 57671, 22527, 22401, 3644, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 65137, 3173, 8, 624, 220, 15, 341, 504, 1464, 280, 394, 457, 310, 457, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 16184, 1214, 31708, 11, 65137, 3173, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 15927, 19854, 3991, 1214, 31708, 11, 4015, 9729, 6738, 5470, 4446, 368, 439, 353, 1040, 721, 629, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 53032, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 17, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 15927, 22401, 3644, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 17, 11, 65137, 3173, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 62, 17, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 8718, 314, 3930, 641, 25, 659, 11, 65137, 3173, 25, 65137, 3173, 457, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 15057, 7949, 2146, 726, 11, 436, 25, 612, 4032, 8, 1492, 8718, 341, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 310, 659, 2615, 7949, 2666, 317, 310, 659, 8452, 7949, 746, 286, 2820, 262, 557, 262, 6814, 56007, 8, 20451, 5279, 6068, 7949, 2146, 726, 11, 436, 25, 612, 7129, 8718, 8, 341, 286, 2105, 15897, 10509, 726, 31708, 11, 220, 15, 11, 341, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14112, 15897, 1214, 31708, 11, 220, 16, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 14552, 34159, 1284, 1003, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 18519, 22401, 3644, 1214, 31708, 11, 482, 16, 11, 436, 1258, 1003, 3173, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 17498, 1214, 31708, 317, 286, 1657, 262, 457, 633, 6517, 16110, 369, 423, 14912, 341, 262, 5279, 6068, 2146, 7129, 659, 8, 341, 286, 422, 758, 726, 2124, 10643, 341, 310, 471, 280, 286, 557, 286, 20451, 341, 310, 1095, 577, 695, 284, 636, 73039, 460, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 1095, 904, 5489, 284, 636, 38348, 5489, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 78056, 487, 57671, 18557, 34159, 1214, 31708, 317, 310, 8425, 487, 1527, 16453, 7, 664, 460, 317, 310, 8425, 487, 1527, 16453, 41368, 5489, 317, 286, 457, 262, 457, 633, 2640, 362, 1160, 315, 832, 7394, 5110, 369, 13210, 11572, 627, 13657, 28197, 88974, 5680, 9780, 2080, 10502, 6214, 341, 262, 1066, 1556, 10309, 22722, 430, 4780, 1595, 1904, 63, 422, 279, 11572, 1288, 387, 26765, 439, 5246, 439, 198, 262, 1066, 3284, 11, 477, 1595, 3934, 63, 422, 279, 11572, 1288, 3136, 13, 1115, 374, 5505, 369, 25976, 459, 198, 262, 1066, 11572, 9829, 13, 1115, 734, 374, 1193, 2663, 2391, 13210, 11572, 11, 323, 690, 539, 387, 198, 262, 1066, 2663, 1418, 11572, 374, 2949, 10068, 34889, 2082, 627, 262, 6814, 9299, 15604, 25, 7104, 80952, 93946, 51282, 368, 1492, 1845, 62440, 3818, 2640, 15774, 4441, 389, 279, 1650, 5729, 439, 6052, 555, 198, 2640, 510, 83154, 13735, 15897, 9255, 9725, 35, 14912, 487, 83154, 13735, 15897, 9255, 4390, 9780, 2080, 7290, 4434, 5998, 18795, 1072, 641, 29, 341, 262, 1066, 5830, 1694, 16070, 13, 7181, 430, 420, 374, 264, 4754, 43854, 287, 4747, 422, 15246, 311, 198, 262, 1066, 653, 84937, 2082, 627, 262, 6814, 734, 25, 5830, 18795, 1072, 641, 12803, 262, 1066, 6826, 5663, 369, 80700, 1950, 1250, 5865, 13, 18811, 422, 31320, 264, 10068, 734, 627, 262, 6814, 13615, 25, 282, 1227, 345, 262, 1066, 7228, 1396, 369, 80700, 1950, 1250, 5865, 13, 1115, 374, 7315, 422, 31320, 264, 10068, 734, 477, 422, 198, 262, 1066, 6812, 4791, 8614, 14807, 828, 374, 539, 2561, 627, 262, 6814, 1584, 5617, 25, 282, 1227, 198, 534, 128001 ]

The English Translation was originally found at Fullmetal Alchemist Wiki. The sky we saw that day That madder red sky. Hey, do you still remember it? As we cuddle close together. A worsening pain is hidden behind the smile you forcefully showed. Hey, you'll remember it someday, right? Were'nt able to fulfill, as we walk away. 嘘 was used as the first ending song to FULL METAL ALCHEMIST: Brotherhood which later appeared on SID's album hikari in July 2009. The song also later appeared on the FULL METAL ALCHEMIST: Brotherhood Soundtrack on October 14, 2009. On the pop'n music Sunny Park location tests, 嘘 was removed. However, it reappeared on the final release. 嘘 received a SPECIAL chart in REFLEC BEAT groovin'!! on August 15th. 2014. It can be purchased at the REFLEC Shop for 1000 Refle, after clearing the chart in the FINAL ROUND of the Anime Test (アニメ検定, Anime Test?) added on the same day. Notecounts 169 188 488 772 134 323 ? ? ? pop'n music portable 5-Buttons NORMAL chart: total notes unknown. pop'n music Sunny Park EASY chart: total notes: 154. Retrieved from "https://popnmusic.fandom.com/wiki/USO?oldid=66855"

319

[ 128000, 791, 6498, 39141, 574, 13517, 1766, 520, 8797, 55108, 1708, 75188, 30328, 627, 791, 13180, 584, 5602, 430, 1938, 3011, 296, 21473, 2579, 13180, 627, 19182, 11, 656, 499, 2103, 6227, 433, 5380, 2170, 584, 65245, 273, 3345, 3871, 627, 32, 93405, 6784, 374, 8340, 4920, 279, 15648, 499, 87078, 8710, 627, 19182, 11, 499, 3358, 6227, 433, 54108, 11, 1314, 5380, 89553, 6, 406, 3025, 311, 21054, 11, 439, 584, 4321, 3201, 627, 103001, 246, 574, 1511, 439, 279, 1176, 13696, 5609, 311, 40841, 37922, 984, 362, 8724, 1837, 44, 3931, 25, 50336, 902, 3010, 9922, 389, 57121, 596, 8176, 114419, 2850, 304, 5887, 220, 1049, 24, 13, 578, 5609, 1101, 3010, 9922, 389, 279, 40841, 37922, 984, 362, 8724, 1837, 44, 3931, 25, 50336, 14936, 13432, 389, 6664, 220, 975, 11, 220, 1049, 24, 627, 1966, 279, 2477, 44886, 4731, 56138, 5657, 3813, 7177, 11, 127437, 246, 574, 7108, 13, 4452, 11, 433, 312, 99567, 389, 279, 1620, 4984, 627, 103001, 246, 4036, 264, 23893, 9676, 304, 39129, 85230, 7354, 835, 10707, 869, 258, 6, 3001, 389, 6287, 220, 868, 339, 13, 220, 679, 19, 13, 1102, 649, 387, 15075, 520, 279, 39129, 85230, 14355, 369, 220, 1041, 15, 8718, 273, 11, 1306, 33850, 279, 9676, 304, 279, 68059, 77238, 315, 279, 52215, 3475, 320, 127949, 111800, 23187, 11, 52215, 3475, 10380, 3779, 389, 279, 1890, 1938, 627, 2688, 762, 632, 82, 220, 11739, 220, 9367, 220, 21310, 220, 23624, 220, 9565, 220, 15726, 949, 949, 18072, 8539, 44886, 4731, 23665, 220, 20, 12, 16303, 53531, 9676, 25, 2860, 8554, 9987, 627, 8539, 44886, 4731, 56138, 5657, 469, 53566, 9676, 25, 2860, 8554, 25, 220, 10559, 627, 12289, 83712, 505, 330, 2485, 1129, 8539, 20211, 11785, 840, 2255, 916, 26583, 14, 2078, 46, 30, 820, 307, 28, 24427, 2131, 1, 128001 ]

Born in England with strong Irish and Caribbean roots moved to Ireland from the Caribbean in 2006. Having always worked in the hospitality / service industry from Food & Beverage, Customer Service and Event Management, using her skills gained in other industries and with her love of Ireland it was a natural progression to be able to show off Ireland to visitors and the perfect opportunity to develop a company that delivers personalised private customised taxi tours throughout Ireland. Born in Cork from a young age Bob has had a passion for the History and stories of his native land. With over 18 years working experience as a Taxi driver driving people in and around the Historic city of Cork his knowledge of the city its history and the local folklore is extensive. His Love of Ireland its history and its beautiful natural landscape with his willingness to share his knowledge and experience ensures his clients a wonderful entertaining and interesting day with him, as a proud Cork man he is passionate about showing off his native city and county to visitors in a relaxed comfortable and informative way hence being one of our most requested drivers. Born in Cork and the brother of Bob, he has had over 15 years’ experience in the Taxi business in Cork. After some gentle persuasion he joined us to do the tours and we found that Jim has an uncanny knack of finding any heritage links to Ireland some of our visitors may have, to even finding a long lost cousin for one of our previous guests. Jim has an extensive knowledge of Cork and its history, and he is often found heading off to Kerry when he has some spare time for a little relaxation and he enjoys doing tours out of the city as well as in.

329

[ 128000, 59204, 304, 9635, 449, 3831, 18088, 323, 35374, 20282, 7882, 311, 14990, 505, 279, 35374, 304, 220, 1049, 21, 13, 20636, 2744, 6575, 304, 279, 47609, 611, 2532, 5064, 505, 12369, 612, 93135, 11, 12557, 5475, 323, 3749, 9744, 11, 1701, 1077, 7512, 18661, 304, 1023, 19647, 323, 449, 1077, 3021, 315, 14990, 433, 574, 264, 5933, 33824, 311, 387, 3025, 311, 1501, 1022, 14990, 311, 15613, 323, 279, 4832, 6776, 311, 2274, 264, 2883, 430, 28421, 85348, 879, 2587, 4147, 33605, 31261, 6957, 14990, 627, 59204, 304, 53036, 505, 264, 3995, 4325, 14596, 706, 1047, 264, 11939, 369, 279, 11346, 323, 7493, 315, 813, 10068, 4363, 13, 3161, 927, 220, 972, 1667, 3318, 3217, 439, 264, 79375, 5696, 10043, 1274, 304, 323, 2212, 279, 51887, 3363, 315, 53036, 813, 6677, 315, 279, 3363, 1202, 3925, 323, 279, 2254, 98969, 374, 16781, 627, 16366, 10919, 315, 14990, 1202, 3925, 323, 1202, 6366, 5933, 18921, 449, 813, 39375, 311, 4430, 813, 6677, 323, 3217, 26420, 813, 8403, 264, 11364, 30311, 323, 7185, 1938, 449, 1461, 11, 439, 264, 12691, 53036, 893, 568, 374, 25429, 922, 9204, 1022, 813, 10068, 3363, 323, 14189, 311, 15613, 304, 264, 31467, 10882, 323, 39319, 1648, 16472, 1694, 832, 315, 1057, 1455, 11472, 12050, 627, 59204, 304, 53036, 323, 279, 10868, 315, 14596, 11, 568, 706, 1047, 927, 220, 868, 1667, 529, 3217, 304, 279, 79375, 2626, 304, 53036, 13, 4740, 1063, 22443, 98224, 568, 11096, 603, 311, 656, 279, 31261, 323, 584, 1766, 430, 11641, 706, 459, 21482, 13184, 94350, 315, 9455, 904, 28948, 7902, 311, 14990, 1063, 315, 1057, 15613, 1253, 617, 11, 311, 1524, 9455, 264, 1317, 5675, 36271, 369, 832, 315, 1057, 3766, 15051, 627, 37734, 706, 459, 16781, 6677, 315, 53036, 323, 1202, 3925, 11, 323, 568, 374, 3629, 1766, 14836, 1022, 311, 40340, 994, 568, 706, 1063, 24804, 892, 369, 264, 2697, 43685, 323, 568, 32838, 3815, 31261, 704, 315, 279, 3363, 439, 1664, 439, 304, 13, 128001 ]

One positive effect of youth sports is that they help teach athletes important and long lasting lessons to have during their life. For example, a competitive environment teaches kids how to handle pressure and criticism (Mango 3). Most sports have situations that put athletes in tight spots. Even though they push them out of their comfort zone, it teaches them how to keep cool and figure it out. Some may say that too much pressure for youths can leave a negative impact on them. Competition only makes children bound to be winners. It also discourages sportsman spirit. Instead of being a source of healthy growth, these competitive sports have started becoming the source of depression for children when they don’t fulfil the expectations of their parents. These sports should enhance the sportsman spirit in children and must be beneficial for their mental and physical health. Concentrating on winning or losing spoils the fun that games hold. Have you ever wanted to live an active and healthy life, as well as an improvement in grades? I believe youth sports will help all of those problems and many more. Most sports are team sports that also teach your child teamwork. Playing youth sports is a terrific experience for you or your child. There are many reasons why I feel that children should play youth sports. They also learn respect and become more mature from playing on a coed sport teams. Yes, some people would say that coed sports may cause injuries or make kids feel uncomfortable, but the kids choose to be on the team. By choosing coed sports, they accept the challenge of working together as a team. Kids can get injuries from playing on same sex teams, and sometimes it's good to go out of your comfort zone. Overall, having coed sports teams is a great idea, one that helps kids develop into accepting It’s true how many adults say that kids are easily impressionable and take lead from parents, guardians, or others around them. What kids are taught from a young age can shape how they view the world, act, respond, and even live. Surprisingly, giving a kid a participation trophy in sports is one of those things that many debates about because giving one to them will depend on how their life is shaped and what lessons they are taught. Not giving a kid a participation trophy in sports is more beneficial in teaching them the lessons of proper effort and winning or losing. It also shows how diminishing hard work which can lead to negative outcomes. Simulated violent, role playing games are a delightful way to have fun. It is true that violent concept of these games may lead some to believe that they teach kids that being potent is okay, when in reality it is not acceptable to be violent. While that has some truth behind it, it also teaches kids valuable lessons of teamwork and sportsmanship. Along with the previous lessons the games are a source tactical skills like planning, compelling them to be aware of their surroundings, and it implies the message to kids that the outside world isn’t always safe or what they expect it to be. These types of games bring the community together and are a diverting activity for adolescents to be participating in. Adults should trust kids with these sports, so if they push themselves, let them do that so they get out of their comfort zone. Kids know when they need to stop and push themselves so they excel. All sports have their dangers so let your kid have fun with it. Extreme sports might not sound safe for your kid though they just might really enjoy Starting early in sports, there are some pro’s and con’s to think about. Some favorability to an early start these days are learning basic technique, strengthening muscles to help prevent injury, and to decide whether the child likes the sport. “Personally, I believe that you should start kids early because everyone needs to know the very basic technique to play any sport, also though it can’t be completely prevented stronger muscles lessen the chance of an injury” said Georgia Bolis. Late starts force your child to catch up with all the learning that they missed. With pro’s come con’s, some con’s too early sports are kids being forced to play, the potential for an injury, and the pressure to perform. A Competitive sport is very good at a young age to keep children on a good road to no drugs so it will reduce the drug use in the world and they will be healthy so go against obesity. Competitive sports are good at a young age because if the children like the sport they can go and pursue it more. However competitive sports can also be bad because some children will experience permanent brain damage. So it can go both ways depending on the parent of the child or children. But schools should allow both competitive and noncompetitive sports in schools for example if they have competition that all students have to participate in. Majority of kids won 't have long-lasting injuries anyways. I would rather have my children playing sports that might get them a little scratched up than seeing my kids turn to drugs and getting themselves in trouble. It teaches them discipline, how to be responsible,and to manage their time.

1,046

[ 128000, 4054, 6928, 2515, 315, 12822, 10034, 374, 430, 814, 1520, 4639, 23579, 3062, 323, 1317, 29869, 18872, 311, 617, 2391, 872, 2324, 13, 1789, 3187, 11, 264, 15022, 4676, 33992, 6980, 1268, 311, 3790, 7410, 323, 19347, 320, 44, 5281, 220, 18, 570, 7648, 10034, 617, 15082, 430, 2231, 23579, 304, 10508, 19300, 13, 7570, 3582, 814, 4585, 1124, 704, 315, 872, 6981, 10353, 11, 433, 33992, 1124, 1268, 311, 2567, 7155, 323, 7216, 433, 704, 13, 4427, 1253, 2019, 430, 2288, 1790, 7410, 369, 65062, 649, 5387, 264, 8389, 5536, 389, 1124, 627, 1110, 56867, 1193, 3727, 2911, 6965, 311, 387, 26526, 13, 1102, 1101, 34293, 1154, 10034, 1543, 9090, 13, 12361, 315, 1694, 264, 2592, 315, 9498, 6650, 11, 1521, 15022, 10034, 617, 3940, 10671, 279, 2592, 315, 18710, 369, 2911, 994, 814, 1541, 1431, 64201, 279, 17078, 315, 872, 6699, 13, 4314, 10034, 1288, 18885, 279, 10034, 1543, 9090, 304, 2911, 323, 2011, 387, 24629, 369, 872, 10723, 323, 7106, 2890, 13, 62261, 22696, 389, 11230, 477, 13490, 20016, 8839, 279, 2523, 430, 3953, 3412, 627, 12389, 499, 3596, 4934, 311, 3974, 459, 4642, 323, 9498, 2324, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 459, 16048, 304, 28711, 30, 358, 4510, 12822, 10034, 690, 1520, 682, 315, 1884, 5435, 323, 1690, 810, 13, 7648, 10034, 527, 2128, 10034, 430, 1101, 4639, 701, 1716, 84633, 13, 40551, 12822, 10034, 374, 264, 43660, 3217, 369, 499, 477, 701, 1716, 13, 2684, 527, 1690, 8125, 3249, 358, 2733, 430, 2911, 1288, 1514, 12822, 10034, 627, 7009, 1101, 4048, 5201, 323, 3719, 810, 15196, 505, 5737, 389, 264, 1080, 291, 10775, 7411, 13, 7566, 11, 1063, 1274, 1053, 2019, 430, 1080, 291, 10034, 1253, 5353, 15319, 477, 1304, 6980, 2733, 29213, 11, 719, 279, 6980, 5268, 311, 387, 389, 279, 2128, 13, 3296, 19301, 1080, 291, 10034, 11, 814, 4287, 279, 8815, 315, 3318, 3871, 439, 264, 2128, 13, 23338, 649, 636, 15319, 505, 5737, 389, 1890, 1877, 7411, 11, 323, 7170, 433, 596, 1695, 311, 733, 704, 315, 701, 6981, 10353, 13, 28993, 11, 3515, 1080, 291, 10034, 7411, 374, 264, 2294, 4623, 11, 832, 430, 8779, 6980, 2274, 1139, 25694, 198, 2181, 753, 837, 1268, 1690, 12884, 2019, 430, 6980, 527, 6847, 21455, 481, 323, 1935, 3063, 505, 6699, 11, 72881, 11, 477, 3885, 2212, 1124, 13, 3639, 6980, 527, 15972, 505, 264, 3995, 4325, 649, 6211, 1268, 814, 1684, 279, 1917, 11, 1180, 11, 6013, 11, 323, 1524, 3974, 13, 8242, 49264, 11, 7231, 264, 10585, 264, 20852, 38782, 304, 10034, 374, 832, 315, 1884, 2574, 430, 1690, 37635, 922, 1606, 7231, 832, 311, 1124, 690, 6904, 389, 1268, 872, 2324, 374, 27367, 323, 1148, 18872, 814, 527, 15972, 13, 2876, 7231, 264, 10585, 264, 20852, 38782, 304, 10034, 374, 810, 24629, 304, 12917, 1124, 279, 18872, 315, 6300, 5149, 323, 11230, 477, 13490, 13, 1102, 1101, 5039, 1268, 84153, 2653, 990, 902, 649, 3063, 311, 8389, 20124, 627, 14354, 7913, 16806, 11, 3560, 5737, 3953, 527, 264, 50189, 1648, 311, 617, 2523, 13, 1102, 374, 837, 430, 16806, 7434, 315, 1521, 3953, 1253, 3063, 1063, 311, 4510, 430, 814, 4639, 6980, 430, 1694, 36875, 374, 17339, 11, 994, 304, 8903, 433, 374, 539, 22281, 311, 387, 16806, 13, 6104, 430, 706, 1063, 8206, 4920, 433, 11, 433, 1101, 33992, 6980, 15525, 18872, 315, 84633, 323, 10034, 58832, 13, 32944, 449, 279, 3766, 18872, 279, 3953, 527, 264, 2592, 39747, 7512, 1093, 9293, 11, 29722, 1124, 311, 387, 8010, 315, 872, 40190, 11, 323, 433, 24897, 279, 1984, 311, 6980, 430, 279, 4994, 1917, 4536, 1431, 2744, 6220, 477, 1148, 814, 1755, 433, 311, 387, 13, 4314, 4595, 315, 3953, 4546, 279, 4029, 3871, 323, 527, 264, 37098, 287, 5820, 369, 51516, 311, 387, 24435, 304, 627, 53130, 82, 1288, 7095, 6980, 449, 1521, 10034, 11, 779, 422, 814, 4585, 5694, 11, 1095, 1124, 656, 430, 779, 814, 636, 704, 315, 872, 6981, 10353, 13, 23338, 1440, 994, 814, 1205, 311, 3009, 323, 4585, 5694, 779, 814, 25555, 13, 2052, 10034, 617, 872, 37064, 779, 1095, 701, 10585, 617, 2523, 449, 433, 13, 50495, 10034, 2643, 539, 5222, 6220, 369, 701, 10585, 3582, 814, 1120, 2643, 2216, 4774, 198, 25639, 4216, 304, 10034, 11, 1070, 527, 1063, 463, 753, 323, 390, 753, 311, 1781, 922, 13, 4427, 4799, 2968, 311, 459, 4216, 1212, 1521, 2919, 527, 6975, 6913, 15105, 11, 48513, 24569, 311, 1520, 5471, 11134, 11, 323, 311, 10491, 3508, 279, 1716, 13452, 279, 10775, 13, 1054, 87681, 11, 358, 4510, 430, 499, 1288, 1212, 6980, 4216, 1606, 5127, 3966, 311, 1440, 279, 1633, 6913, 15105, 311, 1514, 904, 10775, 11, 1101, 3582, 433, 649, 1431, 387, 6724, 32098, 16643, 24569, 76970, 279, 6140, 315, 459, 11134, 863, 1071, 16272, 25007, 285, 13, 36931, 8638, 5457, 701, 1716, 311, 2339, 709, 449, 682, 279, 6975, 430, 814, 13942, 13, 3161, 463, 753, 2586, 390, 753, 11, 1063, 390, 753, 2288, 4216, 10034, 527, 6980, 1694, 9770, 311, 1514, 11, 279, 4754, 369, 459, 11134, 11, 323, 279, 7410, 311, 2804, 627, 32, 79150, 10775, 374, 1633, 1695, 520, 264, 3995, 4325, 311, 2567, 2911, 389, 264, 1695, 5754, 311, 912, 11217, 779, 433, 690, 8108, 279, 5623, 1005, 304, 279, 1917, 323, 814, 690, 387, 9498, 779, 733, 2403, 33048, 13, 79150, 10034, 527, 1695, 520, 264, 3995, 4325, 1606, 422, 279, 2911, 1093, 279, 10775, 814, 649, 733, 323, 23564, 433, 810, 13, 4452, 15022, 10034, 649, 1101, 387, 3958, 1606, 1063, 2911, 690, 3217, 15690, 8271, 5674, 13, 2100, 433, 649, 733, 2225, 5627, 11911, 389, 279, 2748, 315, 279, 1716, 477, 2911, 13, 2030, 8853, 1288, 2187, 2225, 15022, 323, 2536, 93499, 10034, 304, 8853, 369, 3187, 422, 814, 617, 10937, 430, 682, 4236, 617, 311, 16136, 304, 627, 35575, 488, 315, 6980, 2834, 364, 83, 617, 1317, 65265, 15319, 63445, 13, 358, 1053, 4856, 617, 856, 2911, 5737, 10034, 430, 2643, 636, 1124, 264, 2697, 83933, 709, 1109, 9298, 856, 6980, 2543, 311, 11217, 323, 3794, 5694, 304, 12544, 13, 1102, 33992, 1124, 26434, 11, 1268, 311, 387, 8647, 51526, 311, 10299, 872, 892, 13, 128001 ]

Discuss the characteristics of functions and their inverses, including one-to-oneness, domain and range. the difference between a relation and a function, recognize the domain and range of a function, locate the slope and y-intercept of a linear function and recognize the graphs of a linear equations in the slope-intercept

74

[ 128000, 97654, 279, 17910, 315, 5865, 323, 872, 65683, 288, 11, 2737, 198, 606, 4791, 10539, 24639, 11, 8106, 323, 2134, 627, 1820, 6811, 1990, 264, 12976, 323, 264, 734, 11, 15641, 198, 1820, 8106, 323, 2134, 315, 264, 734, 345, 23207, 279, 31332, 323, 379, 45994, 1512, 315, 264, 13790, 734, 323, 198, 34551, 553, 279, 40099, 315, 264, 13790, 39006, 304, 279, 31332, 45994, 1512, 128001 ]

In the world of aviation, the Flight Information Handbook plays a crucial role in ensuring safe and efficient operations. It serves as a comprehensive guide, encompassing a wealth of essential data that pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation professionals need to know. The Flight Information Handbook is a treasure trove of information, providing in-depth knowledge on various aspects of aviation, including rules, regulations, procedures, and more. The Flight Information Handbook is a vital resource that every pilot should familiarize themselves with. It provides indispensable insights into the many facets of flight operations, equipping pilots with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions during their flights. Despite being a technical manual, the Flight Information Handbook is written in a clear, user-friendly manner, making it accessible even to those who are new to aviation. The importance of the Flight Information Handbook extends beyond pilots and aviation professionals. It is also a valuable resource for aviation enthusiasts, researchers, and students. By studying the Handbook, they can gain a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of aviation, thereby enhancing their knowledge and passion for the field. The Flight Information Handbook plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of flight operations. It provides pilots with a wealth of information, including navigation data, procedures for different flight scenarios, and international flight rules, among others. In essence, the Handbook serves as a comprehensive guide, assisting pilots in navigating the complex world of aviation. In terms of importance, the Flight Information Handbook is second to none. Without it, pilots would lack the necessary guidance to safely and effectively conduct their flights. It is a critical resource that helps to mitigate the risks associated with flying, thereby contributing to the overall safety of aviation. The Flight Information Handbook is also important from a regulatory perspective. It incorporates the latest aviation rules and regulations, which pilots must adhere to. By staying updated with the Handbook, pilots can ensure their compliance with these regulations, thereby avoiding potential legal issues. The Flight Information Handbook is a comprehensive resource that covers a wide range of topics. At its core, the Handbook contains detailed information on various aspects of aviation, ranging from flight planning and navigation to safety procedures and international flight rules. One of the key sections in the Flight Information Handbook is the one dedicated to flight planning. This section provides extensive information on how to plan a flight, including details on route selection, fuel planning, and weather considerations. It serves as a guide for pilots, helping them to properly plan their flights and ensure a safe and smooth journey. The Handbook also contains a section on navigation, which is crucial for pilots. This section covers various navigational aids and techniques, providing pilots with the knowledge they need to navigate their aircraft accurately and efficiently. It also includes information on how to use different types of navigational equipment, thereby equipping pilots with the necessary skills to operate these devices. Pilots use the Flight Information Handbook in a variety of ways. Before a flight, pilots refer to the Handbook to plan their route, evaluate weather conditions, and calculate fuel requirements. During the flight, the Handbook serves as a reference guide, providing pilots with valuable information on navigation, safety procedures, and more. For instance, in case of an emergency, pilots can quickly refer to the Handbook to understand the correct procedures to follow. This can help them to effectively manage the situation and ensure the safety of all on board. Additionally, pilots also use the Flight Information Handbook for training purposes. By studying the Handbook, they can gain a deeper understanding of various aviation concepts and procedures, thereby enhancing their skills and proficiency. The Flight Information Handbook contains a wealth of information that is crucial for pilots and other aviation professionals. One of the key pieces of information found in the Handbook is the section on international flight rules. This section provides detailed information on the rules and regulations that govern international flights, which is essential for pilots who fly internationally. Another key piece of information found in the Handbook is the section on safety procedures. This section outlines the procedures that pilots should follow in different emergency scenarios, such as engine failure, loss of cabin pressure, and more. By familiarizing themselves with these procedures, pilots can ensure their readiness to handle any emergency situation that may arise during a flight. The Flight Information Handbook plays an integral role in flight planning. It provides pilots with all the necessary information to plan their flights, including data on weather conditions, navigational aids, fuel requirements, and more. When planning a flight, pilots refer to the Handbook to select the most suitable route. The Handbook provides detailed information on different flight routes, including their altitude, distance, and navigational aids. This allows pilots to choose a route that is both safe and efficient. Additionally, the Handbook also provides information on fuel planning. It helps pilots to calculate their fuel requirements, taking into account factors such as distance, altitude, and weather conditions. This ensures that the aircraft has sufficient fuel for the entire journey, thereby enhancing the safety of the flight. Navigational aids are a crucial part of aviation, and the Flight Information Handbook provides comprehensive information on these aids. It covers a wide range of navigational aids, including VORs, NDBs, GPS, and more. The Handbook provides detailed information on how to use these aids, equipping pilots with the necessary skills to navigate their aircraft accurately and efficiently. For instance, the Handbook provides information on how to use a VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range), a common navigational aid in aviation. It provides instructions on how to tune the VOR, interpret its indications, and use it for navigation. In addition to providing information on how to use navigational aids, the Handbook also provides data on their locations. This helps pilots to plan their route and ensures that they always have a navigational aid within range. Keeping the Flight Information Handbook updated is of paramount importance. The field of aviation is constantly evolving, with changes in rules, regulations, procedures, and technology. To ensure that the information in the Handbook remains accurate and relevant, it must be updated regularly. Regular updates to the Handbook ensure that pilots have access to the most current and accurate information. This enables them to make informed decisions during their flights, thereby enhancing their safety and efficiency. Moreover, regularly updating the Handbook also helps to ensure compliance with aviation regulations. As the regulations change, the Handbook should be updated to reflect these changes. This helps pilots to stay updated with the latest regulations, thereby avoiding potential legal issues. Safety is a top priority in aviation, and the Handbook plays a crucial role in promoting it. The Handbook contains a comprehensive section on safety procedures, which outlines the procedures that pilots should follow in different emergency scenarios. By studying this section, pilots can gain a clear understanding of how to handle various emergency situations, such as engine failure, loss of cabin pressure, and more. This prepares them to effectively manage these situations should they arise during a flight, thereby ensuring the safety of all on board. In addition to providing information on safety procedures, the Handbook also promotes a safety culture among pilots. It emphasizes the importance of safety in aviation and encourages pilots to always prioritize safety in their operations. The Flight Information Handbook is an invaluable resource for pilots and other aviation professionals. It provides a wealth of information on various aspects of aviation, serving as a comprehensive guide for flight operations. Whether you’re a seasoned pilot or a novice, incorporating the Flight Information Handbook into your flight operations can greatly enhance your safety and efficiency. By regularly referring to and updating the Handbook, you can ensure that you have access to the most current and accurate information, thereby enabling you to make informed decisions during your flights. In conclusion, the Flight Information Handbook is a must-have resource for anyone involved in aviation. Its importance cannot be overstated, and it should be an integral part of your flight operations.

1,591

[ 128000, 644, 279, 1917, 315, 46630, 11, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 11335, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 23391, 6220, 323, 11297, 7677, 13, 1102, 17482, 439, 264, 16195, 8641, 11, 38632, 287, 264, 12205, 315, 7718, 828, 430, 36377, 11, 3805, 9629, 27319, 11, 323, 1023, 46630, 15749, 1205, 311, 1440, 13, 578, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 264, 32726, 8348, 588, 315, 2038, 11, 8405, 304, 31410, 6677, 389, 5370, 13878, 315, 46630, 11, 2737, 5718, 11, 14640, 11, 16346, 11, 323, 810, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 264, 16595, 5211, 430, 1475, 18178, 1288, 11537, 553, 5694, 449, 13, 1102, 5825, 64284, 26793, 1139, 279, 1690, 62814, 315, 11213, 7677, 11, 3312, 5772, 36377, 449, 279, 5995, 6677, 311, 1304, 16369, 11429, 2391, 872, 25952, 13, 18185, 1694, 264, 11156, 11630, 11, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 5439, 304, 264, 2867, 11, 1217, 22658, 11827, 11, 3339, 433, 15987, 1524, 311, 1884, 889, 527, 502, 311, 46630, 627, 791, 12939, 315, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 2289, 7953, 36377, 323, 46630, 15749, 13, 1102, 374, 1101, 264, 15525, 5211, 369, 46630, 43448, 11, 12074, 11, 323, 4236, 13, 3296, 21630, 279, 49924, 11, 814, 649, 8895, 264, 16195, 8830, 315, 5370, 13878, 315, 46630, 11, 28592, 47594, 872, 6677, 323, 11939, 369, 279, 2115, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 11335, 264, 60850, 3560, 304, 23391, 279, 7296, 11, 15374, 11, 323, 27375, 315, 11213, 7677, 13, 1102, 5825, 36377, 449, 264, 12205, 315, 2038, 11, 2737, 10873, 828, 11, 16346, 369, 2204, 11213, 26350, 11, 323, 6625, 11213, 5718, 11, 4315, 3885, 13, 763, 28591, 11, 279, 49924, 17482, 439, 264, 16195, 8641, 11, 46927, 36377, 304, 60499, 279, 6485, 1917, 315, 46630, 627, 644, 3878, 315, 12939, 11, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 2132, 311, 7000, 13, 17586, 433, 11, 36377, 1053, 6996, 279, 5995, 19351, 311, 21676, 323, 13750, 6929, 872, 25952, 13, 1102, 374, 264, 9200, 5211, 430, 8779, 311, 50460, 279, 15635, 5938, 449, 16706, 11, 28592, 29820, 311, 279, 8244, 7296, 315, 46630, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 1101, 3062, 505, 264, 23331, 13356, 13, 1102, 52924, 279, 5652, 46630, 5718, 323, 14640, 11, 902, 36377, 2011, 49553, 311, 13, 3296, 19994, 6177, 449, 279, 49924, 11, 36377, 649, 6106, 872, 8907, 449, 1521, 14640, 11, 28592, 31526, 4754, 5897, 4819, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 264, 16195, 5211, 430, 14861, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 13650, 13, 2468, 1202, 6332, 11, 279, 49924, 5727, 11944, 2038, 389, 5370, 13878, 315, 46630, 11, 24950, 505, 11213, 9293, 323, 10873, 311, 7296, 16346, 323, 6625, 11213, 5718, 627, 4054, 315, 279, 1401, 14491, 304, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 279, 832, 12514, 311, 11213, 9293, 13, 1115, 3857, 5825, 16781, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 3197, 264, 11213, 11, 2737, 3649, 389, 6149, 6727, 11, 10633, 9293, 11, 323, 9282, 38864, 13, 1102, 17482, 439, 264, 8641, 369, 36377, 11, 10695, 1124, 311, 10489, 3197, 872, 25952, 323, 6106, 264, 6220, 323, 11113, 11879, 627, 791, 49924, 1101, 5727, 264, 3857, 389, 10873, 11, 902, 374, 16996, 369, 36377, 13, 1115, 3857, 14861, 5370, 34512, 1697, 52797, 323, 12823, 11, 8405, 36377, 449, 279, 6677, 814, 1205, 311, 21546, 872, 14467, 30357, 323, 30820, 13, 1102, 1101, 5764, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 2204, 4595, 315, 34512, 1697, 7241, 11, 28592, 3312, 5772, 36377, 449, 279, 5995, 7512, 311, 14816, 1521, 7766, 627, 47, 321, 2469, 1005, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 304, 264, 8205, 315, 5627, 13, 13538, 264, 11213, 11, 36377, 8464, 311, 279, 49924, 311, 3197, 872, 6149, 11, 15806, 9282, 4787, 11, 323, 11294, 10633, 8670, 13, 12220, 279, 11213, 11, 279, 49924, 17482, 439, 264, 5905, 8641, 11, 8405, 36377, 449, 15525, 2038, 389, 10873, 11, 7296, 16346, 11, 323, 810, 627, 2520, 2937, 11, 304, 1162, 315, 459, 13147, 11, 36377, 649, 6288, 8464, 311, 279, 49924, 311, 3619, 279, 4495, 16346, 311, 1833, 13, 1115, 649, 1520, 1124, 311, 13750, 10299, 279, 6671, 323, 6106, 279, 7296, 315, 682, 389, 4580, 627, 50674, 11, 36377, 1101, 1005, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 369, 4967, 10096, 13, 3296, 21630, 279, 49924, 11, 814, 649, 8895, 264, 19662, 8830, 315, 5370, 46630, 19476, 323, 16346, 11, 28592, 47594, 872, 7512, 323, 63239, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 5727, 264, 12205, 315, 2038, 430, 374, 16996, 369, 36377, 323, 1023, 46630, 15749, 13, 3861, 315, 279, 1401, 9863, 315, 2038, 1766, 304, 279, 49924, 374, 279, 3857, 389, 6625, 11213, 5718, 13, 1115, 3857, 5825, 11944, 2038, 389, 279, 5718, 323, 14640, 430, 2633, 6625, 25952, 11, 902, 374, 7718, 369, 36377, 889, 11722, 37545, 627, 14364, 1401, 6710, 315, 2038, 1766, 304, 279, 49924, 374, 279, 3857, 389, 7296, 16346, 13, 1115, 3857, 50729, 279, 16346, 430, 36377, 1288, 1833, 304, 2204, 13147, 26350, 11, 1778, 439, 4817, 8060, 11, 4814, 315, 13691, 7410, 11, 323, 810, 13, 3296, 11537, 4954, 5694, 449, 1521, 16346, 11, 36377, 649, 6106, 872, 62792, 311, 3790, 904, 13147, 6671, 430, 1253, 31889, 2391, 264, 11213, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 11335, 459, 26154, 3560, 304, 11213, 9293, 13, 1102, 5825, 36377, 449, 682, 279, 5995, 2038, 311, 3197, 872, 25952, 11, 2737, 828, 389, 9282, 4787, 11, 34512, 1697, 52797, 11, 10633, 8670, 11, 323, 810, 627, 4599, 9293, 264, 11213, 11, 36377, 8464, 311, 279, 49924, 311, 3373, 279, 1455, 14791, 6149, 13, 578, 49924, 5825, 11944, 2038, 389, 2204, 11213, 11543, 11, 2737, 872, 36958, 11, 6138, 11, 323, 34512, 1697, 52797, 13, 1115, 6276, 36377, 311, 5268, 264, 6149, 430, 374, 2225, 6220, 323, 11297, 627, 50674, 11, 279, 49924, 1101, 5825, 2038, 389, 10633, 9293, 13, 1102, 8779, 36377, 311, 11294, 872, 10633, 8670, 11, 4737, 1139, 2759, 9547, 1778, 439, 6138, 11, 36958, 11, 323, 9282, 4787, 13, 1115, 26420, 430, 279, 14467, 706, 14343, 10633, 369, 279, 4553, 11879, 11, 28592, 47594, 279, 7296, 315, 279, 11213, 627, 99542, 1697, 52797, 527, 264, 16996, 961, 315, 46630, 11, 323, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 5825, 16195, 2038, 389, 1521, 52797, 13, 1102, 14861, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 34512, 1697, 52797, 11, 2737, 650, 878, 82, 11, 452, 3590, 82, 11, 24229, 11, 323, 810, 13, 578, 49924, 5825, 11944, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 1521, 52797, 11, 3312, 5772, 36377, 449, 279, 5995, 7512, 311, 21546, 872, 14467, 30357, 323, 30820, 627, 2520, 2937, 11, 279, 49924, 5825, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 264, 650, 878, 320, 53, 50816, 19116, 58444, 45770, 16842, 705, 264, 4279, 34512, 1697, 12576, 304, 46630, 13, 1102, 5825, 11470, 389, 1268, 311, 26306, 279, 650, 878, 11, 14532, 1202, 56190, 11, 323, 1005, 433, 369, 10873, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 8405, 2038, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 34512, 1697, 52797, 11, 279, 49924, 1101, 5825, 828, 389, 872, 10687, 13, 1115, 8779, 36377, 311, 3197, 872, 6149, 323, 26420, 430, 814, 2744, 617, 264, 34512, 1697, 12576, 2949, 2134, 627, 72447, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 6177, 374, 315, 74510, 12939, 13, 578, 2115, 315, 46630, 374, 15320, 42028, 11, 449, 4442, 304, 5718, 11, 14640, 11, 16346, 11, 323, 5557, 13, 2057, 6106, 430, 279, 2038, 304, 279, 49924, 8625, 13687, 323, 9959, 11, 433, 2011, 387, 6177, 15870, 627, 31504, 9013, 311, 279, 49924, 6106, 430, 36377, 617, 2680, 311, 279, 1455, 1510, 323, 13687, 2038, 13, 1115, 20682, 1124, 311, 1304, 16369, 11429, 2391, 872, 25952, 11, 28592, 47594, 872, 7296, 323, 15374, 627, 58276, 11, 15870, 21686, 279, 49924, 1101, 8779, 311, 6106, 8907, 449, 46630, 14640, 13, 1666, 279, 14640, 2349, 11, 279, 49924, 1288, 387, 6177, 311, 8881, 1521, 4442, 13, 1115, 8779, 36377, 311, 4822, 6177, 449, 279, 5652, 14640, 11, 28592, 31526, 4754, 5897, 4819, 627, 74137, 374, 264, 1948, 10844, 304, 46630, 11, 323, 279, 49924, 11335, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 22923, 433, 13, 578, 49924, 5727, 264, 16195, 3857, 389, 7296, 16346, 11, 902, 50729, 279, 16346, 430, 36377, 1288, 1833, 304, 2204, 13147, 26350, 627, 1383, 21630, 420, 3857, 11, 36377, 649, 8895, 264, 2867, 8830, 315, 1268, 311, 3790, 5370, 13147, 15082, 11, 1778, 439, 4817, 8060, 11, 4814, 315, 13691, 7410, 11, 323, 810, 13, 1115, 48542, 1124, 311, 13750, 10299, 1521, 15082, 1288, 814, 31889, 2391, 264, 11213, 11, 28592, 23391, 279, 7296, 315, 682, 389, 4580, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 8405, 2038, 389, 7296, 16346, 11, 279, 49924, 1101, 39990, 264, 7296, 7829, 4315, 36377, 13, 1102, 66159, 279, 12939, 315, 7296, 304, 46630, 323, 37167, 36377, 311, 2744, 63652, 7296, 304, 872, 7677, 627, 791, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 459, 56193, 5211, 369, 36377, 323, 1023, 46630, 15749, 13, 1102, 5825, 264, 12205, 315, 2038, 389, 5370, 13878, 315, 46630, 11, 13788, 439, 264, 16195, 8641, 369, 11213, 7677, 627, 25729, 499, 3207, 264, 52614, 18178, 477, 264, 72645, 11, 52913, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 1139, 701, 11213, 7677, 649, 19407, 18885, 701, 7296, 323, 15374, 13, 3296, 15870, 22797, 311, 323, 21686, 279, 49924, 11, 499, 649, 6106, 430, 499, 617, 2680, 311, 279, 1455, 1510, 323, 13687, 2038, 11, 28592, 28462, 499, 311, 1304, 16369, 11429, 2391, 701, 25952, 627, 644, 17102, 11, 279, 27675, 8245, 49924, 374, 264, 2011, 69584, 5211, 369, 5606, 6532, 304, 46630, 13, 11699, 12939, 4250, 387, 83509, 660, 11, 323, 433, 1288, 387, 459, 26154, 961, 315, 701, 11213, 7677, 13, 128001 ]

After limiting out on Trout, decided to have another go with the Micro Fly Rod. Changed the fly line by using less backing line and more fly line. No knot to hang up on the rod guides, so I was able to get more distance on the cast. Caught two little Bluegill and one Bass on a Soft Hackle at Frisco Commons Pond. Then, took a break to get hydrated again. Sun came out in force today; even think the temps hit above 70 degrees. Much different than last years freezing conditions at this time. Later in the afternoon, fished the Feeder Creek at Bethany Lakes, Soft hackle had a few strikes but no hook ups. Switched to a Red Midge in Size 22 and hooked several soon after. Then, noticed fish feeding on something on the surface. So, switched to a Size 22 BWO and ended up catching several more. So far, have been pleasantly surprised with the casting capability of the little rod. The cast is different compared to standard size fly rods; the back cast straightens quickly, so the forward cast is started much sooner than I am used to. No worries… got the hang of it and was able to get a few “long” casts in to where the fish were lurking. Fun stuff!

269

[ 128000, 6153, 33994, 704, 389, 88638, 11, 6773, 311, 617, 2500, 733, 449, 279, 18654, 20793, 13611, 13, 47394, 279, 11722, 1584, 555, 1701, 2753, 25695, 1584, 323, 810, 11722, 1584, 13, 2360, 51900, 311, 15020, 709, 389, 279, 21236, 28292, 11, 779, 358, 574, 3025, 311, 636, 810, 6138, 389, 279, 6445, 627, 91854, 1403, 2697, 8868, 70, 484, 323, 832, 37053, 389, 264, 25046, 36082, 273, 520, 2939, 9652, 26667, 71965, 13, 5112, 11, 3952, 264, 1464, 311, 636, 95831, 1578, 13, 8219, 3782, 704, 304, 5457, 3432, 26, 1524, 1781, 279, 27138, 4295, 3485, 220, 2031, 12628, 13, 24191, 2204, 1109, 1566, 1667, 43318, 4787, 520, 420, 892, 627, 31082, 304, 279, 13658, 11, 282, 3384, 279, 3926, 7442, 24076, 520, 29103, 3852, 42679, 11, 25046, 17524, 273, 1047, 264, 2478, 23170, 719, 912, 9903, 33834, 13, 15958, 291, 311, 264, 3816, 386, 6614, 304, 8645, 220, 1313, 323, 43770, 3892, 5246, 1306, 13, 5112, 11, 14000, 7795, 26040, 389, 2555, 389, 279, 7479, 13, 2100, 11, 30975, 311, 264, 8645, 220, 1313, 426, 23513, 323, 9670, 709, 34168, 3892, 810, 627, 4516, 3117, 11, 617, 1027, 82374, 14792, 449, 279, 25146, 23099, 315, 279, 2697, 21236, 13, 578, 6445, 374, 2204, 7863, 311, 5410, 1404, 11722, 58000, 26, 279, 1203, 6445, 7833, 729, 6288, 11, 779, 279, 4741, 6445, 374, 3940, 1790, 31373, 1109, 358, 1097, 1511, 311, 627, 2822, 38145, 1981, 2751, 279, 15020, 315, 433, 323, 574, 3025, 311, 636, 264, 2478, 1054, 4930, 863, 57133, 304, 311, 1405, 279, 7795, 1051, 83075, 13, 16457, 6392, 4999, 128001 ]

Giardiasis - Beaver Fever Giardiasis — popularly known as beaver fever — is a disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia (also sometimes called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis). It looks cute but this little protozoan will give you terrible diarrhea. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicting a Giardia lamblia protozoan undergoing binary fission, creating what appears to be a microscopic “heart. Can you answer this week's #MicrobiologyMonday #Challenge: Which of the following parasitic protozoa infect humans through contaminated drinking water and subsequently causes #enteritis? a. Giardia lamblia b. Babesia microti c. Taxoplasma gondii d. Entamoeba histolytica e. None of the above

182

[ 128000, 47941, 569, 3557, 285, 482, 92534, 85001, 15754, 569, 3557, 285, 2001, 5526, 398, 3967, 439, 387, 7403, 34653, 2001, 374, 264, 8624, 9057, 555, 279, 5292, 616, 349, 18940, 13028, 276, 15754, 569, 689, 32703, 2067, 689, 320, 19171, 7170, 2663, 15754, 569, 689, 63900, 285, 323, 15754, 569, 689, 3930, 55836, 35965, 4390, 2181, 5992, 19369, 719, 420, 2697, 18940, 13028, 276, 690, 3041, 499, 17936, 69393, 13, 2522, 6073, 17130, 8162, 4539, 320, 84839, 8, 60794, 264, 15754, 569, 689, 32703, 2067, 689, 18940, 13028, 276, 47397, 8026, 282, 7711, 11, 6968, 1148, 8111, 311, 387, 264, 90090, 1054, 18207, 627, 6854, 499, 4320, 420, 2046, 596, 674, 35709, 81162, 36339, 674, 63178, 25, 16299, 315, 279, 2768, 33403, 49086, 18940, 13028, 64, 34527, 12966, 1555, 52673, 16558, 3090, 323, 28520, 11384, 674, 1992, 20000, 30, 264, 13, 15754, 569, 689, 32703, 2067, 689, 293, 13, 26441, 288, 689, 8162, 10462, 272, 13, 15545, 454, 14833, 1764, 342, 2159, 3893, 294, 13, 4968, 21781, 71853, 13034, 5849, 83055, 384, 13, 2290, 315, 279, 3485, 128001 ]

Badge Evidence | Completed Courses (4 Hours Each) ED101Effective Teaching Strategies This introductory course covers the essential roles of a teacher and the competencies required to be a successful instructor in an educational institution. Proven techniques and strategies for planning and preparation are presented and discussed. In addition, the course offers effective methods for conducting the first class meeting and delivering course content. This course provides a solid foundation for new instructors and serves as an excellent refresher for more experienced instructors. ED102Student Retention Methods The instructor is the real key to student retention at any educational institution. Instructors must keep focused on student motivation and retention each and every day of class. Developing strategies for retaining students throughout the entire training sequence is both complex and rewarding. All instructors should have the goal of seeing all of their students successfully complete their class. This course helps you reach that goal by helping you to understand your students and use proven motivation and retention techniques to keep them enrolled and engaged in the learning process. ED103Student Learning and Assessment Educators work with students who want to learn specific skills that will lead to fulfilling careers. As educational instructors it is our job to help each student to achieve this goal. Just as you may have a particular style of teaching that you prefer, your students have preferred ways of learning. This course will help you to identify the different learning styles of your students so that you can adjust your instruction to better accommodate them. Good teachers also regularly monitor the effectiveness of their instruction by assessing their students’ learning. This course will examine several aspects of assessment including how to create good tests, how to ask effective questions and how to get your students to actively participate in their learning by asking questions themselves. ED105Instructional Planning for Student Success This course shows instructors how to develop a comprehensive approach to effective and efficient instruction. From preparation for the classroom to selection of instructional delivery methods, the course provides effective ways of planning instruction to help instructors keep the content focused and the students engaged. We also cover the steps to set up a complete evaluation system that will work in all settings. ED106Enhancing Student Learning This course provides methodologies and examples to help instructors increase content retention and application by students in need of support. The course starts by covering the skills needed by instructors to be clear communicators. We then discuss ways instructors can become effective in monitoring students and using student groups as learning tools. The course concludes by covering techniques and strategies to instruct diverse learners, including learners with disabilities. ED114Questioning in the Classroom Questioning can be one of the most effective classroom teaching strategies. However, many instructors are not familiar with the techniques and research findings associated with good questioning. This course begins by comparing and contrasting the major types of questions and their most appropriate uses. Some relevant statistics and research findings are presented, followed by a discussion of four effective questioning practices. The course concludes by offering a few tips and suggestions for instructors to consider. ED115Soft Skills for Instructors The purpose of this course is to familiarize instructors with the concepts of soft skills and emotional intelligence (EQ) so they can use this information to improve their professional performance. The course provides a comparison of hard and soft skills, including people skills and workplace behaviors. Ten "most important" soft skills are discussed in detail and the relationship between EQ and soft skills is explained. The course concludes with tips and suggestions to help instructors enhance their soft skills and EQ. ED119Using Technology to Engage and Educate This course is an overview of a variety of ways in which educators can infuse technology and web resources into every day curriculum, to engage learners and promote collaborative learning. A variety of resources and suggestions are contained within this course, allowing everyone from the novice to the technology expert to take away what is appropriate for them, their students, and the course, in order to integrate 21st century teaching resources and practices in a practical and beneficial manner. ED121Creating Service Learning Opportunities for Students Service learning programs help students take their knowledge and skills out of classrooms and labs into community settings enabling them to use critical thinking and problem solving abilities. This course provides information about the advantages of using service learning as a teaching tool while enhancing the growth of students. Implementation steps are covered so participants will be able to make service learning a part of program offerings as well as providing career opportunities for students. ED124Flipping Your Classroom This course will provide you with a basic overview of the background of an innovative instructional strategy called the Flipped Classroom. This instructional strategy is gaining popularity and differs from traditional instructional strategies. This course will discuss the background, driving factors, benefits, barriers, theoretical grounding, how to prepare to flip your classroom, and the components of the Flipped Classroom. The impact on student learning will also be discussed in addition to instructor preparation and the future of the Flipped Classroom. ED132Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities Students with learning disabilities are enrolling in career education at increasing rates as a result of successful interventions and supports provided during their elementary and secondary schooling. This course describes the characteristics of students with learning disabilities and how having a learning disability impacts their learning process. As reading and comprehension is the essence of learning, it is important that instructors be knowledgeable in ways to support students with these learning challenges. Specific strategies for working with these students will be offered, to enhance the engagement and learning success of students with learning disabilities. ED140Five Myth-Understandings about Learning and the Brain Did you ever hear that we only use about 10% of our brains? Were you ever told that you are more right-brained or left-brained? Did you know that males and females learn differently as a result of differences in their brains? Did you know that people have different learning styles? Did you ever hear that you retain more of what you do or see than of what you read or hear? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, you have experienced a "myth-understanding." The purpose of this course is to explain the background and truth about these myth-understandings that pervade much of the popular literature to this day. All persons who are involved in the education of others must guard against these myths and ensure that they do not influence their professional practices. Note: Many learning theories have been developed that represent the efforts of researchers with different perspectives on how individuals develop and learn. As within any field, facts and myths may be driven by controversial opinions and philosophies that need to be considered by individuals engaged in professional development. ED144Student Empowerment for Learning Success This course explores the different components of student empowerment and the value that it has in learning success. Student empowerment is a necessary component for students as they transition to and through postsecondary training. Content will be presented that will raise awareness of what student empowerment is and how it can enhance the learning process for students. Strategies are given for enhancing the development of student empowerment that can be implemented both online and onsite. ED400Coping with Stress and Burnout Stress is something that is present throughout all workplaces in the world. It is often something that cannot be avoided, but instead, must be properly managed. Burnout on the other hand, is something that is less frequent, but far too prevalent. Burnout can cause even the best worker to slow down in productivity and quality (often dramatically). Throughout this course, we will discuss stress, burnout, and many of the causes that you may notice on even a daily basis. We will discuss how to appropriately handle and mitigate stressors, and how to lessen the risk of burnout occurring. EL101Designing and Developing Online Courses This introductory course will provide you with the knowledge and skills to create successful online courses, whether for faculty-supported distance education delivery or as a supplement to classroom instruction. You will learn to design and develop online courses that have structural integrity and navigational simplicity with a focus on student-centered learning and intellectual interaction. The course covers various learning activities that are supported in an e-learning environment and describes the typical components of an online course. We will provide you with the media strategies and course design methodologies that will allow you to develop online courses in an effective and efficient manner. EL102Online Teaching Techniques Your degree of success as an online instructor relies heavily on several factors, among which are your level of preparedness before the date on which the course is launched; your ability to make a smooth transition into the roles and responsibilities associated with teaching in an online environment; and the effectiveness and efficiency with which you manage learners, instructional transactions embedded in the course as well as the learning environment. In this course, you will learn how to project your authority and presence into the e-learning environment, build a relationship with each learner, promote and nurture learner participation, provide informative and constructive feedback in a timely manner, minimize attrition, manage communications, manage unacceptable behavior and resolve disagreements. EL110Effective Use of Social Media in Online Courses This course will provide you with strategies and techniques to help use social networking in the online environment. It provides an overview of social networking, media hosting and sharing, microblogging and blogging. An introduction to each will be provided, and content development, policy, facilitation and assessment will all be discussed. Suggested activities will also be provided. EL112Workload Management Strategies for Teaching Online This course will provide you with strategies and techniques to help you reduce your workload in the online environment. The course begins with an overview of good principles for education and questions to consider prior to developing Workload Management Strategies (WLMS). This course also provides WLMS for teaching online, communicating and collaborating, and revising your online course. LS101Do You Manage Or Lead? This course explores the critical differences between management and leadership. Participants will be introduced to definitions and myths about each area as well as how management and leadership must coexist for an organization to operate effectively. Participants will explore their own management/leadership tendencies. LS102How Do You Lead? Not everyone is suited for, or desires, a leadership position. One of the first steps to being an effective leader is to understand the desire to lead in the first place. Participants will explore their motivation to lead and develop a deeper understanding of their leader style(s). LS103Your Leadership Impact Beyond understanding the role of the leader, the ultimate effectiveness and impact of a leader takes into consideration the followers and the situation, too. This course defines leadership impact and explores the Interactional Framework for Leadership. Focus is essential to effective teamwork. In this course, you learn how to diagnose and overcome common problems - such as poor communication and interpersonal conflict - that can impede team progress. You will also learn to take corrective measures to remove team problems and improve team performance. This course provides the nuts and bolts of project management, including project planning, budgeting, team-building, execution, and risk analysis. The course covers useful tools and techniques such as GANTT and PERT charts, Work Breakdown Structure, and variance analysis. RT101Improving Retention through Timely Intervention How many times have we said “if we’d only known” as a student walks out the door? No one starts classes planning to fail, but unfortunately problems do arise that present barriers to success. Students are good at identifying these problems blocking their path to success, but they frequently don’t have adequate problem solving and communication skills needed to overcome these problems. This course looks at the effect of stress on attrition, the use of tools to identify and help students at risk, and how to develop an institutional culture that shares responsibility for student success across the entire organization. RT104Best Practices to Enhance Student Retention This course is a collection of ideas and best practices drawn from the implementation of enrollment growth strategies at over 300 educational institutions nationwide. The course is based on a highly successful in-service training program offered by Dr. Joe Pace, Managing Partner of The Pacific Institute and includes video delivery of Pace's presentations. Filled with practical tips and suggestions, the course also discusses the application of current research results on human behavior and organizational culture to enhance student enrollment and retention. This is a unique course that will dramatically change your perspective on institutional effectiveness.

2,520

[ 128000, 57154, 44796, 765, 46594, 48778, 320, 19, 30192, 9062, 340, 1507, 4645, 68639, 45377, 56619, 198, 2028, 62469, 3388, 14861, 279, 7718, 13073, 315, 264, 11326, 323, 279, 4634, 6072, 2631, 311, 387, 264, 6992, 33315, 304, 459, 16627, 15244, 13, 1322, 1055, 12823, 323, 15174, 369, 9293, 323, 18459, 527, 10666, 323, 14407, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 279, 3388, 6209, 7524, 5528, 369, 31474, 279, 1176, 538, 6574, 323, 24944, 3388, 2262, 13, 1115, 3388, 5825, 264, 6573, 16665, 369, 502, 54918, 323, 17482, 439, 459, 9250, 2098, 86524, 369, 810, 10534, 54918, 627, 1507, 4278, 14428, 10608, 3012, 19331, 198, 791, 33315, 374, 279, 1972, 1401, 311, 5575, 38231, 520, 904, 16627, 15244, 13, 763, 92466, 2011, 2567, 10968, 389, 5575, 25835, 323, 38231, 1855, 323, 1475, 1938, 315, 538, 13, 81745, 15174, 369, 51110, 4236, 6957, 279, 4553, 4967, 8668, 374, 2225, 6485, 323, 42093, 13, 2052, 54918, 1288, 617, 279, 5915, 315, 9298, 682, 315, 872, 4236, 7946, 4686, 872, 538, 13, 1115, 3388, 8779, 499, 5662, 430, 5915, 555, 10695, 499, 311, 3619, 701, 4236, 323, 1005, 17033, 25835, 323, 38231, 12823, 311, 2567, 1124, 37191, 323, 17045, 304, 279, 6975, 1920, 627, 1507, 6889, 14428, 21579, 323, 37357, 198, 98982, 3046, 990, 449, 4236, 889, 1390, 311, 4048, 3230, 7512, 430, 690, 3063, 311, 50698, 31133, 13, 1666, 16627, 54918, 433, 374, 1057, 2683, 311, 1520, 1855, 5575, 311, 11322, 420, 5915, 13, 4702, 439, 499, 1253, 617, 264, 4040, 1742, 315, 12917, 430, 499, 10932, 11, 701, 4236, 617, 15236, 5627, 315, 6975, 13, 1115, 3388, 690, 1520, 499, 311, 10765, 279, 2204, 6975, 9404, 315, 701, 4236, 779, 430, 499, 649, 7652, 701, 7754, 311, 2731, 29376, 1124, 13, 7839, 13639, 1101, 15870, 8891, 279, 27375, 315, 872, 7754, 555, 47614, 872, 4236, 529, 6975, 13, 1115, 3388, 690, 21635, 3892, 13878, 315, 15813, 2737, 1268, 311, 1893, 1695, 7177, 11, 1268, 311, 2610, 7524, 4860, 323, 1268, 311, 636, 701, 4236, 311, 22815, 16136, 304, 872, 6975, 555, 10371, 4860, 5694, 627, 1507, 6550, 17077, 278, 28780, 369, 11988, 13346, 198, 2028, 3388, 5039, 54918, 1268, 311, 2274, 264, 16195, 5603, 311, 7524, 323, 11297, 7754, 13, 5659, 18459, 369, 279, 24978, 311, 6727, 315, 72345, 9889, 5528, 11, 279, 3388, 5825, 7524, 5627, 315, 9293, 7754, 311, 1520, 54918, 2567, 279, 2262, 10968, 323, 279, 4236, 17045, 13, 1226, 1101, 3504, 279, 7504, 311, 743, 709, 264, 4686, 16865, 1887, 430, 690, 990, 304, 682, 5110, 627, 1507, 7461, 58568, 9151, 11988, 21579, 198, 2028, 3388, 5825, 81898, 323, 10507, 311, 1520, 54918, 5376, 2262, 38231, 323, 3851, 555, 4236, 304, 1205, 315, 1862, 13, 578, 3388, 8638, 555, 18702, 279, 7512, 4460, 555, 54918, 311, 387, 2867, 6057, 3046, 13, 1226, 1243, 4358, 5627, 54918, 649, 3719, 7524, 304, 16967, 4236, 323, 1701, 5575, 5315, 439, 6975, 7526, 13, 578, 3388, 45537, 555, 18702, 12823, 323, 15174, 311, 21745, 17226, 53243, 11, 2737, 53243, 449, 36801, 627, 1507, 8011, 14924, 287, 304, 279, 77129, 198, 14924, 287, 649, 387, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 7524, 24978, 12917, 15174, 13, 4452, 11, 1690, 54918, 527, 539, 11537, 449, 279, 12823, 323, 3495, 14955, 5938, 449, 1695, 34685, 13, 1115, 3388, 12302, 555, 27393, 323, 75055, 279, 3682, 4595, 315, 4860, 323, 872, 1455, 8475, 5829, 13, 4427, 9959, 13443, 323, 3495, 14955, 527, 10666, 11, 8272, 555, 264, 10430, 315, 3116, 7524, 34685, 12659, 13, 578, 3388, 45537, 555, 10209, 264, 2478, 10631, 323, 18726, 369, 54918, 311, 2980, 627, 1507, 7322, 31631, 31340, 369, 763, 92466, 198, 791, 7580, 315, 420, 3388, 374, 311, 11537, 553, 54918, 449, 279, 19476, 315, 8579, 7512, 323, 14604, 11478, 320, 55107, 8, 779, 814, 649, 1005, 420, 2038, 311, 7417, 872, 6721, 5178, 13, 578, 3388, 5825, 264, 12593, 315, 2653, 323, 8579, 7512, 11, 2737, 1274, 7512, 323, 27465, 28198, 13, 18165, 330, 3646, 3062, 1, 8579, 7512, 527, 14407, 304, 7872, 323, 279, 5133, 1990, 40094, 323, 8579, 7512, 374, 11497, 13, 578, 3388, 45537, 449, 10631, 323, 18726, 311, 1520, 54918, 18885, 872, 8579, 7512, 323, 40094, 627, 1507, 9079, 16834, 12053, 311, 3365, 425, 323, 10355, 349, 198, 2028, 3388, 374, 459, 24131, 315, 264, 8205, 315, 5627, 304, 902, 50794, 649, 4225, 817, 5557, 323, 3566, 5070, 1139, 1475, 1938, 30676, 11, 311, 16988, 53243, 323, 12192, 40806, 6975, 13, 362, 8205, 315, 5070, 323, 18726, 527, 13282, 2949, 420, 3388, 11, 10923, 5127, 505, 279, 72645, 311, 279, 5557, 6335, 311, 1935, 3201, 1148, 374, 8475, 369, 1124, 11, 872, 4236, 11, 323, 279, 3388, 11, 304, 2015, 311, 32172, 220, 1691, 267, 9478, 12917, 5070, 323, 12659, 304, 264, 15325, 323, 24629, 11827, 627, 1507, 7994, 26021, 5475, 21579, 66885, 369, 20783, 198, 1898, 6975, 7620, 1520, 4236, 1935, 872, 6677, 323, 7512, 704, 315, 58216, 323, 51048, 1139, 4029, 5110, 28462, 1124, 311, 1005, 9200, 7422, 323, 3575, 22581, 18000, 13, 1115, 3388, 5825, 2038, 922, 279, 22934, 315, 1701, 2532, 6975, 439, 264, 12917, 5507, 1418, 47594, 279, 6650, 315, 4236, 13, 31913, 7504, 527, 9960, 779, 13324, 690, 387, 3025, 311, 1304, 2532, 6975, 264, 961, 315, 2068, 33935, 439, 1664, 439, 8405, 7076, 10708, 369, 4236, 627, 1507, 8874, 3968, 5772, 4718, 77129, 198, 2028, 3388, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 264, 6913, 24131, 315, 279, 4092, 315, 459, 18699, 72345, 8446, 2663, 279, 3061, 6586, 77129, 13, 1115, 72345, 8446, 374, 30240, 23354, 323, 44642, 505, 8776, 72345, 15174, 13, 1115, 3388, 690, 4358, 279, 4092, 11, 10043, 9547, 11, 7720, 11, 30740, 11, 32887, 95841, 11, 1268, 311, 10772, 311, 18791, 701, 24978, 11, 323, 279, 6956, 315, 279, 3061, 6586, 77129, 13, 578, 5536, 389, 5575, 6975, 690, 1101, 387, 14407, 304, 5369, 311, 33315, 18459, 323, 279, 3938, 315, 279, 3061, 6586, 77129, 627, 1507, 9413, 6777, 12092, 20783, 449, 21579, 98549, 198, 32052, 449, 6975, 36801, 527, 665, 16608, 304, 7076, 6873, 520, 7859, 7969, 439, 264, 1121, 315, 6992, 39455, 323, 11815, 3984, 2391, 872, 36256, 323, 14580, 68721, 13, 1115, 3388, 16964, 279, 17910, 315, 4236, 449, 6975, 36801, 323, 1268, 3515, 264, 6975, 28353, 25949, 872, 6975, 1920, 13, 1666, 5403, 323, 62194, 374, 279, 28591, 315, 6975, 11, 433, 374, 3062, 430, 54918, 387, 42066, 304, 5627, 311, 1862, 4236, 449, 1521, 6975, 11774, 13, 29362, 15174, 369, 3318, 449, 1521, 4236, 690, 387, 9076, 11, 311, 18885, 279, 20392, 323, 6975, 2450, 315, 4236, 449, 6975, 36801, 627, 1507, 6860, 38120, 47595, 12, 16648, 2752, 826, 922, 21579, 323, 279, 31417, 198, 7131, 499, 3596, 6865, 430, 584, 1193, 1005, 922, 220, 605, 4, 315, 1057, 35202, 30, 40070, 499, 3596, 3309, 430, 499, 527, 810, 1314, 31217, 2692, 477, 2163, 31217, 2692, 30, 14910, 499, 1440, 430, 25000, 323, 28585, 4048, 22009, 439, 264, 1121, 315, 12062, 304, 872, 35202, 30, 14910, 499, 1440, 430, 1274, 617, 2204, 6975, 9404, 30, 14910, 499, 3596, 6865, 430, 499, 14389, 810, 315, 1148, 499, 656, 477, 1518, 1109, 315, 1148, 499, 1373, 477, 6865, 30, 1442, 499, 19089, 330, 9891, 1, 311, 904, 315, 1521, 4860, 11, 499, 617, 10534, 264, 330, 2465, 339, 72207, 10276, 1210, 578, 7580, 315, 420, 3388, 374, 311, 10552, 279, 4092, 323, 8206, 922, 1521, 21849, 72207, 2752, 826, 430, 47274, 1037, 1790, 315, 279, 5526, 17649, 311, 420, 1938, 13, 2052, 11434, 889, 527, 6532, 304, 279, 6873, 315, 3885, 2011, 7771, 2403, 1521, 51286, 323, 6106, 430, 814, 656, 539, 10383, 872, 6721, 12659, 13, 7181, 25, 9176, 6975, 26018, 617, 1027, 8040, 430, 4097, 279, 9045, 315, 12074, 449, 2204, 39555, 389, 1268, 7931, 2274, 323, 4048, 13, 1666, 2949, 904, 2115, 11, 13363, 323, 51286, 1253, 387, 16625, 555, 20733, 18463, 323, 13868, 552, 430, 1205, 311, 387, 6646, 555, 7931, 17045, 304, 6721, 4500, 627, 1507, 8929, 14428, 13714, 1223, 479, 369, 21579, 13346, 198, 2028, 3388, 41424, 279, 2204, 6956, 315, 5575, 74477, 323, 279, 907, 430, 433, 706, 304, 6975, 2450, 13, 11988, 74477, 374, 264, 5995, 3777, 369, 4236, 439, 814, 9320, 311, 323, 1555, 1772, 19217, 4967, 13, 9059, 690, 387, 10666, 430, 690, 4933, 17985, 315, 1148, 5575, 74477, 374, 323, 1268, 433, 649, 18885, 279, 6975, 1920, 369, 4236, 13, 56619, 527, 2728, 369, 47594, 279, 4500, 315, 5575, 74477, 430, 649, 387, 11798, 2225, 2930, 323, 84969, 627, 1507, 3443, 34, 34807, 449, 51568, 323, 18530, 412, 198, 626, 676, 374, 2555, 430, 374, 3118, 6957, 682, 93162, 304, 279, 1917, 13, 1102, 374, 3629, 2555, 430, 4250, 387, 31890, 11, 719, 4619, 11, 2011, 387, 10489, 9152, 13, 18530, 412, 389, 279, 1023, 1450, 11, 374, 2555, 430, 374, 2753, 21420, 11, 719, 3117, 2288, 46941, 13, 18530, 412, 649, 5353, 1524, 279, 1888, 12128, 311, 6435, 1523, 304, 26206, 323, 4367, 320, 61917, 29057, 570, 46982, 420, 3388, 11, 584, 690, 4358, 8631, 11, 8395, 412, 11, 323, 1690, 315, 279, 11384, 430, 499, 1253, 5406, 389, 1524, 264, 7446, 8197, 13, 1226, 690, 4358, 1268, 311, 36001, 3790, 323, 50460, 8631, 1105, 11, 323, 1268, 311, 76970, 279, 5326, 315, 8395, 412, 31965, 627, 2818, 4645, 21103, 287, 323, 81745, 8267, 48778, 198, 2028, 62469, 3388, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 279, 6677, 323, 7512, 311, 1893, 6992, 2930, 14307, 11, 3508, 369, 22291, 88213, 6138, 6873, 9889, 477, 439, 264, 22822, 311, 24978, 7754, 13, 1472, 690, 4048, 311, 2955, 323, 2274, 2930, 14307, 430, 617, 24693, 17025, 323, 34512, 1697, 40075, 449, 264, 5357, 389, 5575, 50482, 6975, 323, 20207, 16628, 13, 578, 3388, 14861, 5370, 6975, 7640, 430, 527, 7396, 304, 459, 384, 71856, 4676, 323, 16964, 279, 14595, 6956, 315, 459, 2930, 3388, 13, 1226, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 279, 3772, 15174, 323, 3388, 2955, 81898, 430, 690, 2187, 499, 311, 2274, 2930, 14307, 304, 459, 7524, 323, 11297, 11827, 627, 2818, 4278, 20171, 45377, 66044, 198, 7927, 8547, 315, 2450, 439, 459, 2930, 33315, 34744, 17345, 389, 3892, 9547, 11, 4315, 902, 527, 701, 2237, 315, 10235, 2136, 1603, 279, 2457, 389, 902, 279, 3388, 374, 11887, 26, 701, 5845, 311, 1304, 264, 11113, 9320, 1139, 279, 13073, 323, 28423, 5938, 449, 12917, 304, 459, 2930, 4676, 26, 323, 279, 27375, 323, 15374, 449, 902, 499, 10299, 53243, 11, 72345, 14463, 23711, 304, 279, 3388, 439, 1664, 439, 279, 6975, 4676, 13, 763, 420, 3388, 11, 499, 690, 4048, 1268, 311, 2447, 701, 11447, 323, 9546, 1139, 279, 384, 71856, 4676, 11, 1977, 264, 5133, 449, 1855, 64060, 11, 12192, 323, 79530, 64060, 20852, 11, 3493, 39319, 323, 54584, 11302, 304, 264, 32100, 11827, 11, 30437, 6510, 684, 11, 10299, 17320, 11, 10299, 44085, 7865, 323, 9006, 91972, 627, 2818, 5120, 68639, 5560, 315, 9983, 7972, 304, 8267, 48778, 198, 2028, 3388, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 15174, 323, 12823, 311, 1520, 1005, 3674, 29130, 304, 279, 2930, 4676, 13, 1102, 5825, 459, 24131, 315, 3674, 29130, 11, 3772, 20256, 323, 11821, 11, 8162, 11921, 3252, 323, 43092, 13, 1556, 17219, 311, 1855, 690, 387, 3984, 11, 323, 2262, 4500, 11, 4947, 11, 17028, 367, 323, 15813, 690, 682, 387, 14407, 13, 328, 54376, 7640, 690, 1101, 387, 3984, 627, 2818, 7261, 6919, 1096, 9744, 56619, 369, 45377, 8267, 198, 2028, 3388, 690, 3493, 499, 449, 15174, 323, 12823, 311, 1520, 499, 8108, 701, 54696, 304, 279, 2930, 4676, 13, 578, 3388, 12302, 449, 459, 24131, 315, 1695, 16565, 369, 6873, 323, 4860, 311, 2980, 4972, 311, 11469, 5664, 1096, 9744, 56619, 320, 62239, 4931, 570, 1115, 3388, 1101, 5825, 60614, 4931, 369, 12917, 2930, 11, 42247, 323, 73301, 11, 323, 17951, 287, 701, 2930, 3388, 627, 7416, 4645, 5519, 1472, 43750, 2582, 30982, 5380, 2028, 3388, 41424, 279, 9200, 12062, 1990, 6373, 323, 11692, 13, 52878, 690, 387, 11784, 311, 17931, 323, 51286, 922, 1855, 3158, 439, 1664, 439, 1268, 6373, 323, 11692, 2011, 1080, 29675, 369, 459, 7471, 311, 14816, 13750, 13, 52878, 690, 13488, 872, 1866, 6373, 14, 79486, 2200, 61555, 627, 7416, 4278, 4438, 3234, 1472, 30982, 5380, 2688, 5127, 374, 32599, 369, 11, 477, 32097, 11, 264, 11692, 2361, 13, 3861, 315, 279, 1176, 7504, 311, 1694, 459, 7524, 7808, 374, 311, 3619, 279, 12876, 311, 3063, 304, 279, 1176, 2035, 13, 52878, 690, 13488, 872, 25835, 311, 3063, 323, 2274, 264, 19662, 8830, 315, 872, 7808, 1742, 1161, 4390, 7416, 6889, 7927, 37263, 29680, 198, 56441, 8830, 279, 3560, 315, 279, 7808, 11, 279, 17139, 27375, 323, 5536, 315, 264, 7808, 5097, 1139, 18361, 279, 20723, 323, 279, 6671, 11, 2288, 13, 1115, 3388, 19170, 11692, 5536, 323, 41424, 279, 43807, 278, 24686, 369, 37263, 627, 14139, 374, 7718, 311, 7524, 84633, 13, 763, 420, 3388, 11, 499, 4048, 1268, 311, 58681, 323, 23075, 4279, 5435, 482, 1778, 439, 8009, 10758, 323, 74958, 12324, 482, 430, 649, 3242, 15686, 2128, 5208, 13, 1472, 690, 1101, 4048, 311, 1935, 91852, 11193, 311, 4148, 2128, 5435, 323, 7417, 2128, 5178, 627, 2028, 3388, 5825, 279, 31049, 323, 49939, 315, 2447, 6373, 11, 2737, 2447, 9293, 11, 8199, 287, 11, 2128, 52499, 11, 11572, 11, 323, 5326, 6492, 13, 578, 3388, 14861, 5505, 7526, 323, 12823, 1778, 439, 480, 2891, 51, 323, 393, 3481, 27223, 11, 5664, 15996, 2996, 29696, 11, 323, 33373, 6492, 627, 5463, 4645, 48942, 4504, 10608, 3012, 1555, 9538, 989, 71678, 198, 4438, 1690, 3115, 617, 584, 1071, 1054, 333, 584, 7070, 1193, 3967, 863, 439, 264, 5575, 23291, 704, 279, 6134, 30, 2360, 832, 8638, 6989, 9293, 311, 3775, 11, 719, 26907, 5435, 656, 31889, 430, 3118, 30740, 311, 2450, 13, 20783, 527, 1695, 520, 25607, 1521, 5435, 22978, 872, 1853, 311, 2450, 11, 719, 814, 14134, 1541, 1431, 617, 26613, 3575, 22581, 323, 10758, 7512, 4460, 311, 23075, 1521, 5435, 13, 1115, 3388, 5992, 520, 279, 2515, 315, 8631, 389, 6510, 684, 11, 279, 1005, 315, 7526, 311, 10765, 323, 1520, 4236, 520, 5326, 11, 323, 1268, 311, 2274, 459, 33232, 7829, 430, 13551, 12014, 369, 5575, 2450, 4028, 279, 4553, 7471, 627, 5463, 6849, 14809, 64813, 311, 29757, 685, 11988, 10608, 3012, 198, 2028, 3388, 374, 264, 4526, 315, 6848, 323, 1888, 12659, 15107, 505, 279, 8292, 315, 39148, 6650, 15174, 520, 927, 220, 3101, 16627, 14673, 29054, 13, 578, 3388, 374, 3196, 389, 264, 7701, 6992, 304, 24358, 4967, 2068, 9076, 555, 2999, 13, 13142, 85619, 11, 49407, 32413, 315, 578, 16867, 10181, 323, 5764, 2835, 9889, 315, 85619, 596, 38480, 13, 435, 4473, 449, 15325, 10631, 323, 18726, 11, 279, 3388, 1101, 35434, 279, 3851, 315, 1510, 3495, 3135, 389, 3823, 7865, 323, 41295, 7829, 311, 18885, 5575, 39148, 323, 38231, 13, 1115, 374, 264, 5016, 3388, 430, 690, 29057, 2349, 701, 13356, 389, 33232, 27375, 13, 128001 ]

Bateq tribe Orang Asli 3-year-old toddler Nasri Rosli, who was receiving treatment at the Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital (HRPZ II) passed away at 6.00 p.m yesterday.

53

[ 128000, 33, 349, 80, 34671, 2582, 526, 1666, 747, 220, 18, 4771, 6418, 52335, 39322, 462, 16870, 747, 11, 889, 574, 12588, 6514, 520, 279, 432, 19580, 3700, 3342, 10602, 1901, 467, 370, 8105, 15429, 320, 17526, 47, 57, 8105, 8, 5946, 3201, 520, 220, 21, 13, 410, 281, 749, 13985, 627, 128001 ]

Teaching new words may be a little challenging for some of us. I recently started incorporating some new teaching sessions into my son’s routine. Therefore today, I am sharing these ideas with you because I noticed he was very interested. My son’s nearly three years old, and I believe that at this age, kids can learn more if things are more exciting and fun for them. I hope you’ll find this idea helpful. It’s effortless – choose a word or a topic each day and gather your materials around that word. Be creative and use whatever you have on hand. Last time, our word was lion. So I went on a hunt for resources such as books, puzzles, toys that had something to do, or featured a lion. Honestly, this took me around half an hour to gather all my resources. Once you have all your materials and resources you want to use, the setup is quite easy. See my post from Instagram if you need inspiration. At first, it looks a little crowded, but it’s not. I wanted to have a visual aspect of the activity as well as the hand-on part, where my son had to do things and get involved. As you can see, I used various materials and resources – suitable for visual, hearing, and motricity. The below list is just an example of the things I used and already had at home. Some of the items listed are similar because I bought ours offline or in a different language. If yes, I have something really cool you might like.

328

[ 128000, 6777, 12092, 502, 4339, 1253, 387, 264, 2697, 17436, 369, 1063, 315, 603, 13, 358, 6051, 3940, 52913, 1063, 502, 12917, 16079, 1139, 856, 4538, 753, 14348, 13, 15636, 3432, 11, 358, 1097, 11821, 1521, 6848, 449, 499, 1606, 358, 14000, 568, 574, 1633, 8173, 627, 5159, 4538, 753, 7154, 2380, 1667, 2362, 11, 323, 358, 4510, 430, 520, 420, 4325, 11, 6980, 649, 4048, 810, 422, 2574, 527, 810, 13548, 323, 2523, 369, 1124, 13, 358, 3987, 499, 4805, 1505, 420, 4623, 11190, 627, 2181, 753, 80192, 1389, 5268, 264, 3492, 477, 264, 8712, 1855, 1938, 323, 9762, 701, 7384, 2212, 430, 3492, 13, 2893, 11782, 323, 1005, 8996, 499, 617, 389, 1450, 627, 5966, 892, 11, 1057, 3492, 574, 40132, 13, 2100, 358, 4024, 389, 264, 19614, 369, 5070, 1778, 439, 6603, 11, 47623, 11, 23939, 430, 1047, 2555, 311, 656, 11, 477, 15109, 264, 40132, 627, 96514, 11, 420, 3952, 757, 2212, 4376, 459, 6596, 311, 9762, 682, 856, 5070, 627, 12805, 499, 617, 682, 701, 7384, 323, 5070, 499, 1390, 311, 1005, 11, 279, 6642, 374, 5115, 4228, 13, 3580, 856, 1772, 505, 14318, 422, 499, 1205, 20343, 627, 1688, 1176, 11, 433, 5992, 264, 2697, 39313, 11, 719, 433, 753, 539, 13, 358, 4934, 311, 617, 264, 9302, 13189, 315, 279, 5820, 439, 1664, 439, 279, 1450, 10539, 961, 11, 1405, 856, 4538, 1047, 311, 656, 2574, 323, 636, 6532, 627, 2170, 499, 649, 1518, 11, 358, 1511, 5370, 7384, 323, 5070, 1389, 14791, 369, 9302, 11, 11011, 11, 323, 3937, 2265, 488, 13, 578, 3770, 1160, 374, 1120, 459, 3187, 315, 279, 2574, 358, 1511, 323, 2736, 1047, 520, 2162, 13, 4427, 315, 279, 3673, 10212, 527, 4528, 1606, 358, 11021, 11604, 27258, 477, 304, 264, 2204, 4221, 627, 2746, 10035, 11, 358, 617, 2555, 2216, 7155, 499, 2643, 1093, 627, 128001 ]

Software-as-a-service (or SaaS) is a method of delivering applications as a service over the cloud. This does not require installation or maintenance of the software as it is available over the internet and so it saves the client hardware management. Also known as web-based applications, on-demand, or hosted software, SaaS applications operate on the provider’s servers. The greatest advantage to SaaS applications is easy access. The only thing needed to make it work is a steady internet connection. Other SaaS characteristics include easy customization, which means that the model can adjust to work well with most businesses without changing their infrastructure. Supply chain companies are working on developing more capabilities and becoming more agile to suit the need of the hour. Smart supply chain enterprises will focus more on optimizing logistics operations with SaaS in the days to come in order to be able to respond to change fast and make smarter decisions. Software-as-a-Service will certainly play a major role in transforming several industries worldwide, especially the supply chain and logistics space.

220

[ 128000, 19805, 33534, 7561, 24358, 320, 269, 328, 65710, 8, 374, 264, 1749, 315, 24944, 8522, 439, 264, 2532, 927, 279, 9624, 13, 1115, 1587, 539, 1397, 14028, 477, 13709, 315, 279, 3241, 439, 433, 374, 2561, 927, 279, 7757, 323, 779, 433, 27024, 279, 3016, 12035, 6373, 13, 7429, 3967, 439, 3566, 6108, 8522, 11, 389, 57364, 11, 477, 21685, 3241, 11, 328, 65710, 8522, 14816, 389, 279, 9287, 753, 16692, 627, 791, 12474, 9610, 311, 328, 65710, 8522, 374, 4228, 2680, 13, 578, 1193, 3245, 4460, 311, 1304, 433, 990, 374, 264, 24981, 7757, 3717, 13, 7089, 328, 65710, 17910, 2997, 4228, 49141, 11, 902, 3445, 430, 279, 1646, 649, 7652, 311, 990, 1664, 449, 1455, 9873, 2085, 10223, 872, 14054, 627, 52396, 8957, 5220, 527, 3318, 389, 11469, 810, 17357, 323, 10671, 810, 62565, 311, 7937, 279, 1205, 315, 279, 6596, 13, 16147, 8312, 8957, 40919, 690, 5357, 810, 389, 74142, 43257, 7677, 449, 328, 65710, 304, 279, 2919, 311, 2586, 304, 2015, 311, 387, 3025, 311, 6013, 311, 2349, 5043, 323, 1304, 47578, 11429, 13, 4476, 33534, 7561, 12, 1898, 690, 7995, 1514, 264, 3682, 3560, 304, 46890, 3892, 19647, 15603, 11, 5423, 279, 8312, 8957, 323, 43257, 3634, 13, 128001 ]

Transfiguration of our Lord Diocese of La Crosse Page 2 of 38 Thank you for answering the call of God to be a teacher of the Faith, which involves leading children closer to Christ! Catechesis is the art of teaching the Faith in order to facilitate a personal encounter with Jesus Christ. should lead to understanding who Christ is in light of God’s word (what He has revealed to us in Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition) in order to be changed through His grace to become more and more like Him. Transformed by the working of grace, “the Christian thus sets himself to follow Christ and learns more and more within the Church to think like Him, to judge like Him, to act in conformity with His commandments, and to hope as He invites us to” Catechesis in Our Time , Pope John Paul II, #20. “The definitive aim of catechesis is to put people not only in touch but in communion, in intimacy, with Jesus Christ: “only He can lead us to the love of the Father in the Spirit and make us share in the life of the Holy Trinity” (CT, #5). How are catechists to teach in a way that leads children and young people into communion with Jesus Christ? Sacred Scripture is the driving force of all catechesis. The students need to know that the teachings are based upon God’s Word. In addition, when the Word of God is spoken, grace is given. We need grace in order to receive Jesus’ teaching. General Directory for Catechesis (GDC), a universal Church document promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1997, tells us that a primary place to encounter Jesus is through the Sacred The Bible transmits “the very word of God. [For this reason the Church desires that] “catechesis should be an authentic introduction to Lectio Divina (Divine Readings) ,” which is a way of meditating upon Scripture and applying it to one’s life (GDC #127). “ Thy Word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path An overview of Salvation History is to be presented at the beginning of each grade. Each and every teaching of the Faith that follows should be presented in light of this Story of God’s Plan for us (GDC #128). students the context for all the content of our catechesis. (See Overview/Scope Section pages 19-20 and Creed, page 6, number 1.) The doctrinal content of our catechesis is found in the Catechism of the Catholic Church , which is the “sure norm for teaching the Faith.” (GDC #121) All Catholic School administrators, teachers, DRE’s, CRE’s, catechists and Youth Ministers should regularly utilize the Catechism when teaching the Faith (GDC, #121). Holiness of life is essential in order for the catechist’s teaching to bring others into intimacy with Jesus Christ.

689

[ 128000, 3246, 915, 2060, 315, 1057, 10425, 198, 22427, 58744, 315, 5034, 356, 53456, 198, 2732, 220, 17, 315, 220, 1987, 198, 13359, 499, 369, 36864, 279, 1650, 315, 4359, 311, 387, 264, 11326, 315, 279, 34053, 11, 902, 18065, 6522, 2911, 12401, 311, 3771, 4999, 34, 349, 8696, 285, 374, 279, 1989, 315, 12917, 279, 34053, 304, 2015, 311, 28696, 264, 4443, 13123, 449, 10811, 3771, 627, 5562, 3063, 311, 8830, 889, 3771, 374, 304, 3177, 315, 4359, 753, 3492, 320, 12840, 1283, 706, 10675, 311, 603, 304, 61118, 54250, 323, 198, 94528, 1171, 81578, 8, 304, 2015, 311, 387, 5614, 1555, 5414, 21507, 311, 3719, 810, 323, 810, 1093, 21058, 627, 9140, 291, 555, 279, 198, 21837, 315, 21507, 11, 1054, 1820, 9052, 8617, 7437, 5678, 311, 1833, 3771, 323, 47310, 810, 323, 810, 2949, 279, 9441, 311, 1781, 198, 4908, 21058, 11, 311, 11913, 1093, 21058, 11, 311, 1180, 304, 90301, 449, 5414, 3290, 1392, 11, 323, 311, 3987, 439, 1283, 45510, 603, 311, 89874, 34, 349, 8696, 285, 304, 5751, 4212, 198, 11, 30460, 3842, 7043, 8105, 11, 674, 508, 627, 14305, 45813, 9395, 315, 59239, 8696, 285, 374, 311, 2231, 1274, 539, 198, 3323, 304, 5916, 719, 304, 94132, 11, 304, 66264, 11, 449, 10811, 3771, 512, 2118, 3323, 1283, 649, 3063, 603, 311, 279, 3021, 315, 279, 20941, 304, 279, 198, 87475, 323, 1304, 603, 4430, 304, 279, 2324, 315, 279, 19229, 45659, 863, 320, 1182, 11, 674, 20, 4390, 4438, 527, 59239, 331, 1705, 311, 4639, 304, 264, 1648, 430, 11767, 2911, 323, 3995, 1274, 1139, 94132, 449, 10811, 3771, 5380, 94528, 1171, 54250, 374, 279, 10043, 5457, 315, 682, 59239, 8696, 285, 627, 791, 4236, 1205, 311, 1440, 430, 279, 45572, 527, 3196, 198, 59723, 4359, 753, 9506, 627, 644, 5369, 11, 994, 279, 9506, 315, 4359, 374, 22066, 11, 21507, 374, 2728, 627, 1687, 1205, 21507, 304, 2015, 311, 198, 42993, 10811, 529, 12917, 627, 15777, 18524, 369, 356, 349, 8696, 285, 198, 6838, 5744, 705, 264, 20789, 9441, 2246, 198, 25475, 56099, 660, 555, 30460, 3842, 7043, 8105, 304, 220, 2550, 22, 11, 10975, 603, 430, 264, 6156, 2035, 311, 13123, 10811, 374, 1555, 279, 61118, 198, 791, 17377, 1380, 45803, 1054, 1820, 1633, 3492, 315, 4359, 627, 58, 2520, 420, 2944, 279, 9441, 32097, 430, 60, 1054, 43872, 8696, 285, 198, 5562, 387, 459, 13513, 17219, 311, 198, 43, 440, 822, 8940, 2259, 320, 12792, 483, 4557, 826, 340, 2476, 902, 374, 264, 1648, 315, 1812, 50644, 5304, 198, 6035, 554, 323, 19486, 433, 311, 832, 753, 2324, 320, 38, 5744, 674, 6804, 570, 1054, 198, 1016, 88, 9506, 374, 264, 29062, 311, 856, 7693, 323, 264, 3177, 311, 856, 1853, 198, 2127, 24131, 315, 86785, 11346, 374, 311, 387, 10666, 520, 279, 7314, 315, 1855, 12239, 627, 4959, 323, 1475, 12917, 315, 198, 1820, 34053, 430, 11263, 1288, 387, 10666, 304, 3177, 315, 420, 15457, 315, 4359, 753, 9878, 369, 603, 320, 38, 5744, 674, 4386, 4390, 38318, 279, 2317, 369, 682, 279, 2262, 315, 1057, 59239, 8696, 285, 627, 7, 10031, 35907, 14, 11037, 11360, 6959, 220, 777, 12, 508, 323, 61477, 345, 2964, 220, 21, 11, 1396, 220, 16, 29275, 791, 61990, 992, 2262, 315, 1057, 59239, 8696, 285, 374, 1766, 304, 279, 198, 34, 349, 331, 2191, 315, 279, 16879, 9441, 198, 11, 902, 374, 279, 1054, 19643, 7617, 198, 2000, 12917, 279, 34053, 2029, 320, 38, 5744, 674, 7994, 340, 2460, 16879, 6150, 38212, 11, 13639, 11, 423, 793, 753, 11, 50708, 753, 11, 59239, 331, 1705, 323, 198, 2675, 339, 79073, 1288, 15870, 29166, 279, 356, 349, 331, 2191, 994, 12917, 279, 34053, 320, 38, 5744, 11, 674, 7994, 4390, 79762, 1918, 315, 2324, 374, 7718, 304, 2015, 369, 279, 59239, 331, 380, 753, 12917, 311, 4546, 3885, 1139, 66264, 449, 10811, 3771, 13, 128001 ]

Josef Istler was born on November 13, 1919 in Prague. He studied in the years 1938 - 1939 in Yugoslavia with the German painter Walter Höfner. From 1942 he was a member of the RA Group, later a member of the SVU Mánes, the Cobra Group (Belgium and France), the Hollar Association of Czech Graphic Artists, the K. Teiga Society and the Phases movement. He is one of the leading representatives of Czech and European surrealism and informalism. He also designed decorations for public buildings, such as a triptych at Ruzyně Airport in Prague. Later, until his death, he focused on abstract graphic works. He is represented in the National Gallery Prague, Moravian Gallery Brno, PNP Prague, Tate Gallery London, Center G. Pompidou Paris, British Museum London, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Museum Marseille, Musée de l'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, in Munich, Geneva and Stockholm. He died on June 19, 2000 in Prague.

223

[ 128000, 46107, 69, 60590, 1565, 574, 9405, 389, 6841, 220, 1032, 11, 220, 7529, 24, 304, 68389, 13, 1283, 20041, 304, 279, 1667, 220, 7285, 23, 482, 220, 7285, 24, 304, 97877, 449, 279, 6063, 30581, 33305, 71364, 69, 1215, 13, 5659, 220, 6393, 17, 568, 574, 264, 4562, 315, 279, 29556, 5856, 11, 3010, 264, 4562, 315, 279, 17939, 52, 386, 1995, 4978, 11, 279, 85575, 5856, 320, 22404, 90339, 323, 9822, 705, 279, 473, 21999, 10229, 315, 34250, 45051, 53204, 11, 279, 735, 13, 2722, 16960, 13581, 323, 279, 2405, 2315, 7351, 13, 1283, 374, 832, 315, 279, 6522, 24005, 315, 34250, 323, 7665, 65623, 2191, 323, 42887, 2191, 13, 1283, 1101, 6319, 48679, 369, 586, 14016, 11, 1778, 439, 264, 2463, 1625, 331, 520, 432, 5308, 1910, 22161, 21348, 304, 68389, 13, 25929, 11, 3156, 813, 4648, 11, 568, 10968, 389, 8278, 21154, 4375, 13, 1283, 374, 15609, 304, 279, 5165, 19853, 68389, 11, 8613, 60278, 19853, 115358, 11, 393, 27321, 68389, 11, 68108, 19853, 7295, 11, 5955, 480, 13, 39412, 10629, 283, 12366, 11, 8013, 16730, 7295, 11, 800, 291, 33338, 16730, 38841, 11, 16730, 88793, 11, 5444, 8047, 409, 326, 6, 9470, 44527, 818, 409, 1208, 90230, 409, 12366, 11, 304, 47304, 11, 45345, 323, 53182, 13, 1283, 8636, 389, 5651, 220, 777, 11, 220, 1049, 15, 304, 68389, 627, 128001 ]

Early man walked or ran for short distanes. This limited interactions and movement as well as trade. The domestication of beasts of burden gradually changed this. The ransport of goods over long distances became possible. caravan trains crossed the trackless plains and deserts of Central Asia. The costs were, however, were enormous which limited commerce. Roads were a rarity and the marvel of civilizations like Persia and Rome. For the most part, the efficent transport of goods had to be conducted by water. But this long distance warer trabsport required advances in technolohy. Basic boats or river barges were developed, but long distance ocean transport required important advances in technology. Cinsidrable distances can be achieved by hugging coastlines, but the lack of true ocean tranport kep many people isolated until the modern era. Canals were built by ancient people both for irrigation and tarnsport. The technology fot ocean transport finally was achieved (15th century). Efficent new methods of transport were developed utilizing steam engines, both the rail road and the steamboat (19th century). Finally the automobile and airplan appeared at about the same time, primrily because both used efficent engines to power them was the primary technological problem that had to be solved. Early man walked or ran for short status. Actually an errect posture and efficent walking is an attribute of mankind. No other porivate developed efficent walking and running caoabilities. Not only did walking greatly improve t mobility, but it freed the hands for tasks like carrying loads and making tools. Walking is a slow, but effective mode of tranport. Archeologists now believe that the human speecies spread around the planet by walking long before beasts of burden and eventually the horse were domesticated. Walking is not, however, and effective method for transporting goods. Man can only carry small loads when walking and minimal loads when running. As horses and other large animals were domesticated, transport of goods over long distances became possible. The first caravans were donkey caavans. The donkey was the first somesticated beast of burden. The donkey is, however a small animal which limited the the loads which could be transported. And donkeys required food and water, limiting movement--especially across desert areas. Mountains also created barriers. The deserts were finally breeched with the domestication of the cammel. Caravan trains crossed the trackless plains and deserts of Central Asia. The costs were enormous. The caravan track accross Central Asia was called the Silk Road because it brought silk and other valuable Chinese products to Europe. Romans and subsequent Europeans coveted silk, but for centuries Chinese emperors retained the secret of silk production as a state secret. While commerce was conducted through caravans this was a extremely expensive way of conducting commerce. and pasage through political jurisdictions also meant dded cist. Thus the cost of goods trnsported over the silk Road were astronomical. Only the rich, the very rich, could afford such goods. Arab and Ottoman domination of the wesern terminus of the silk road created a desire among Europeans to establish direct trade routes to the East. Chinese silks and porceline as wll as the spices owere the principal empetus for the European voyages of discovery in the 15th century. For the most part, the transport of goods had to be conducted by boat or river barge until the mid-19th century. Boats were faster and less expensive. This made rivers a major factor in commerce and communication, making possession of rivers of great strategic importance. No where was this more obvious than North America. New Orleans because it sat at the mouth of the Mississippi, which drained half of North America, was crucial in determining who would dominate the continent. Farmers west of the Aplachaens had no way to market their crops other than to flot them down the Mississpi. Canals were built by ancient people both for irrigation and tarnsport. As European economies developed, the existing rivers proved in adequate to the needs of commerce. Canals were buolt in England, France, and elsewhere in Europe. The canals played a major role in the early phase of the industrial revolution in Europe. Extensive canal construction began in England during the mid-18th century. The Duke Bridgewater at age 22 began the constructiin of canals hen he deciuded to connect his coalmines with cotton mills in Manchester 6 miles distant. The canal eventually extended 46 miles. The cost was enormous and the Duke had to sell his estates and borrow momey. He engaged a millwright, James Brindley, to construct his canal. Brindley had no formal education, but was inventive. He reportedly modeled his aqueducts in cheese. His designs set the standard for canals in the English midlands. The Duke's canal accomodated wide river barges. Brindley worked on many other canals, designinging them more narrow to sav money in construction. Narrow canal barges wer bilt which required little water in relation to carrying capacity. Bridgewater finally opened his canal in 1761, making him a fortune and helping to inspire canal building projects throughout the Midlands. Joseph Wedgewood and other 18th century industrialists were impressed. The economic advantages were starteling. Coal delivered by land had cost 65 pence a ton, delivered by canal it only coist 35 pence. Wedgewood proceeded to organize a group of potters to finance a canal to connect their factories with Liverpool wearhouses. Wedgewood and other English potters had a large domestic market, but faced severe difficulties in shipping raw marials to their factories and the finished product to markets. [Hornik, pp. 53-54.] An extensive canal system was never built in America, but some canals were built in the early 19th century. The Eire Canal in particular played a major role in the economy of the northeast and the opening of the American West. Efficent new methods of transport were developed utilizing steam engines, both the rail road and the steamboat. Railways appeared in the early-19th century and were a major factor in the economy by the mid-19th century. The new railroads which rapidly spread across Europe and America helped spread the new iundustrial economy. Railways pre-dated the steam engine. By the mid-18th century the plate or rail track were being used to move coal from the pithead to the colliery or furnace, especially in England. The coal was powered by ponies or people. After the turn of the 19th century, flat were being used outside London, Sheffield, and Munich. Soon they spread to other large cities as well. Europe's rapidly expanding industrial economy created a need for improved and more efficient transport. Richard Trevithick first employed an engine to pull trucks--at a Cornish mine. A railway was opened in the 1830s from Liverpool to Manchester. It was here that George Stephenson employed "Rocket" to pull a train of cars reaching 14 miles per hour. The histoy of railroads varied from country to country. England was the first country to be heavily covered by railroads in part because England led Europe in the industrial revolution. England experienced a railroad building boom in the 1840s. Railroads faced many difficulties, including vested interests. Canal operators, turnpike trusts, and horse breeders opposed the railroad, but the effiency of moving goods over rails made the railroads impossible to resist. Falling prices for iron and improvements in machine tools were other factors. England by the 185os possessed an extensive network of railways. Trains were transporting both people and goods 30-50 miles per hour--speeds unimagineable even a decade earlier. It was freight that became the minstay of the railroads. The British Government in the 1850s intervened to regulate the railroads, creating monopolies to prevent caotic bulding, but limiting prices. Even so, by World War I (1914-18) British railroads had developed problems--overcapitalization, rising costs, and state regulation. British railroad construction was soon followed by construction on the continenbt, in many cases financed by Britsh investors. British equipment and technicians also played an important role. France in the 1840s built a railway system combining private and public enterprise. German railway construction was complicated by the many different states. Army commanders by the 1860s saw the military potential of railways. Railways played an important role in the America Civil War (1861-65) and Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). Railways were especially impotant in linking large countries like America, Canada, and Russia. The bicycle is a wheeled vehicle having a tandem arrangement of the wheels with a saddle for the rider, a steering handle, and gear for propulsion by the feet. The modern bicycle is the result of a long history of technological development. Bikes were originally developed for adults. Bikes at first were quite expensive, too expensive for children. Versions for children appeared by the late-19th century, but because of the cost, these were only for children from wealthy families. After World War I the bicycle became more afordable and in some countries such as America became a standard play item. Boys in particular liked to be photographed with their bikes. Thus many photographs exist of boys in casual clothes with their bikes. Early photographs, however, are staged shots, some times with the boys wearing their sunday best suits. Before the turn of the 20th century the automobile appeared. No mechanical device affected American culture more than the automobile. Much of the growth in the American economy after the turn of the 20th century was centered on the new automobile. The American economy by the 1920s was to a large extent centered on the automobile. It was the industry centered on the automobile and trucks that peovided the back bone for the arsenal of democracy that helped defeat the NAZIs and Japanese militarists in World War I. The autmobile also have a profound cultural imapct on America. City planning began to take place when the automobile in mind. Sometimes more attention was given go the automobile than people. The autmobile made possible the move to the suburbs, especilly after World War II. There wre many other cultural impacts of the automobile. Few events were more important for an America boy than obtaining that all important driving license. Other countries were similarly affected, but not to the same extent as the United States. Historical images of boys' clothing sometimes appeared in automobile adverisements. Many American families would have photographs taken around the family automobile. It is interesting to notec when searching through E-Bay, the number of American portraits picturing the children and parents with the family car. There are two kinds of aircraft, lighter and heavier than air craft. Working with lighter-than-air craft was the technologically simplier effort. The first flight was with a hot-air baloon in France (18th century. These ballons had little commercial interest, but som military applicatoins, especially battlefield observation. It was Count Zeppelin in Germany that built the first rigid structure lighter-than-air craft. His Zeppelins were used unsucessfully in World War I, but found some commercial success until the cartratrophic Hindenburg disaster. The related non-rigid blimps proved to have greater military value. They were used by the British as barage balloons during the Battle of Britain (1940). There real importance was the use by the American Navy in the Battle of the Atlantic (1942-45). The Wright brothers in 1903 accomplished the first sustained flight of a heavier than air craft. This was an accomplishment that a numbr of Europeans had been working on for several years. Surprisingly two American bicycle repairmen with little funding and only basic educations accomplished it. For several years the Wright Flyers were the only safe airplanes. The airplane proved to be of enormous military and commercial importance. Air power in just a few years revolutionized warfare. It also revolutionized travel. What began has a very expensive mode of transport for the wealthy after World War II with the introduction of jet engines became the primary mode of transport for people of all classes. Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing Web Site: [Return to the Main transport page] [Introduction] [Activities] [Biographies] [Chronology] [Clothing styles] [Countries] [Bibliographies] [Contributions] [Essays] [FAQs] [Glossaries] [Images] [Links] [Registration] [Tools] [Boys' Clothing Home]

2,602

[ 128000, 42298, 893, 15203, 477, 10837, 369, 2875, 1612, 14997, 13, 1115, 7347, 22639, 323, 7351, 439, 1664, 439, 6696, 13, 578, 13018, 367, 315, 57536, 315, 23104, 27115, 5614, 420, 13, 578, 436, 598, 403, 315, 11822, 927, 1317, 27650, 6244, 3284, 13, 74760, 28788, 28129, 279, 3839, 1752, 78466, 323, 951, 15916, 315, 10913, 13936, 13, 578, 7194, 1051, 11, 4869, 11, 1051, 23205, 902, 7347, 36754, 13, 80353, 1051, 264, 59871, 323, 279, 45882, 315, 86569, 1093, 21097, 689, 323, 22463, 13, 1789, 279, 1455, 961, 11, 279, 31914, 306, 7710, 315, 11822, 1047, 311, 387, 13375, 555, 3090, 13, 2030, 420, 1317, 6138, 4208, 261, 490, 3518, 403, 2631, 31003, 304, 2869, 337, 2319, 88, 13, 14967, 32731, 477, 15140, 26967, 288, 1051, 8040, 11, 719, 1317, 6138, 18435, 7710, 2631, 3062, 31003, 304, 5557, 13, 356, 1354, 307, 81, 481, 27650, 649, 387, 17427, 555, 305, 36368, 13962, 8128, 11, 719, 279, 6996, 315, 837, 18435, 24614, 403, 65284, 1690, 1274, 25181, 3156, 279, 6617, 11639, 13, 3053, 1147, 1051, 5918, 555, 14154, 1274, 2225, 369, 63566, 323, 87580, 62001, 13, 578, 5557, 32940, 18435, 7710, 5616, 574, 17427, 320, 868, 339, 9478, 570, 469, 21264, 306, 502, 5528, 315, 7710, 1051, 8040, 35988, 20930, 21787, 11, 2225, 279, 13881, 5754, 323, 279, 20930, 38865, 320, 777, 339, 9478, 570, 17830, 279, 35528, 323, 3805, 10609, 9922, 520, 922, 279, 1890, 892, 11, 9036, 81, 1570, 1606, 2225, 1511, 31914, 306, 21787, 311, 2410, 1124, 574, 279, 6156, 30116, 3575, 430, 1047, 311, 387, 29056, 627, 42298, 893, 15203, 477, 10837, 369, 2875, 2704, 13, 34863, 459, 2781, 2921, 48378, 323, 31914, 306, 11689, 374, 459, 7180, 315, 43384, 13, 2360, 1023, 4247, 736, 8040, 31914, 306, 11689, 323, 4401, 101373, 8623, 13, 2876, 1193, 1550, 11689, 19407, 7417, 259, 31139, 11, 719, 433, 28634, 279, 6206, 369, 9256, 1093, 15691, 21577, 323, 3339, 7526, 13, 40155, 374, 264, 6435, 11, 719, 7524, 3941, 315, 24614, 403, 13, 1676, 1557, 22012, 1457, 4510, 430, 279, 3823, 2395, 103152, 9041, 2212, 279, 11841, 555, 11689, 1317, 1603, 57536, 315, 23104, 323, 9778, 279, 15580, 1051, 13018, 660, 13, 40155, 374, 539, 11, 4869, 11, 323, 7524, 1749, 369, 67757, 11822, 13, 2418, 649, 1193, 6920, 2678, 21577, 994, 11689, 323, 17832, 21577, 994, 4401, 627, 2170, 27928, 323, 1023, 3544, 10099, 1051, 13018, 660, 11, 7710, 315, 11822, 927, 1317, 27650, 6244, 3284, 13, 578, 1176, 1841, 402, 598, 1051, 1541, 798, 2211, 402, 598, 13, 578, 1541, 798, 574, 279, 1176, 1794, 10027, 660, 32236, 315, 23104, 13, 578, 1541, 798, 374, 11, 4869, 264, 2678, 10065, 902, 7347, 279, 279, 21577, 902, 1436, 387, 40460, 13, 1628, 1541, 10786, 2631, 3691, 323, 3090, 11, 33994, 7351, 313, 36046, 4028, 24521, 5789, 13, 41114, 1101, 3549, 30740, 13, 578, 951, 15916, 1051, 5616, 68399, 2454, 449, 279, 13018, 367, 315, 279, 6730, 28226, 13, 3341, 32005, 28788, 28129, 279, 3839, 1752, 78466, 323, 951, 15916, 315, 10913, 13936, 13, 578, 7194, 1051, 23205, 13, 578, 74760, 3839, 1046, 2177, 10913, 13936, 574, 2663, 279, 52136, 9728, 1606, 433, 7263, 41044, 323, 1023, 15525, 8620, 3956, 311, 4606, 13, 49817, 323, 17876, 51607, 70665, 41044, 11, 719, 369, 24552, 8620, 991, 716, 1105, 35363, 279, 6367, 315, 41044, 5788, 439, 264, 1614, 6367, 13, 6104, 36754, 574, 13375, 1555, 1841, 402, 598, 420, 574, 264, 9193, 11646, 1648, 315, 31474, 36754, 13, 323, 6502, 425, 1555, 5054, 56043, 1101, 8967, 294, 9988, 272, 380, 13, 14636, 279, 2853, 315, 11822, 490, 4511, 36626, 927, 279, 41044, 9728, 1051, 87283, 13, 8442, 279, 9257, 11, 279, 1633, 9257, 11, 1436, 10150, 1778, 11822, 13, 10989, 323, 70110, 55949, 315, 279, 98268, 944, 10415, 355, 315, 279, 41044, 5754, 3549, 264, 12876, 4315, 51607, 311, 5813, 2167, 6696, 11543, 311, 279, 6460, 13, 8620, 5554, 2857, 323, 4247, 3757, 483, 439, 289, 657, 439, 279, 49659, 15941, 486, 279, 12717, 991, 7005, 355, 369, 279, 7665, 23933, 1154, 315, 18841, 304, 279, 220, 868, 339, 9478, 627, 2520, 279, 1455, 961, 11, 279, 7710, 315, 11822, 1047, 311, 387, 13375, 555, 15688, 477, 15140, 293, 2812, 3156, 279, 5209, 12, 777, 339, 9478, 13, 2577, 1900, 1051, 10819, 323, 2753, 11646, 13, 1115, 1903, 36617, 264, 3682, 8331, 304, 36754, 323, 10758, 11, 3339, 19243, 315, 36617, 315, 2294, 19092, 12939, 13, 2360, 1405, 574, 420, 810, 8196, 1109, 4892, 5270, 13, 1561, 27008, 1606, 433, 7731, 520, 279, 11013, 315, 279, 29538, 11, 902, 61508, 4376, 315, 4892, 5270, 11, 574, 16996, 304, 26679, 889, 1053, 41836, 279, 32843, 13, 63422, 9909, 315, 279, 362, 501, 52676, 729, 1047, 912, 1648, 311, 3157, 872, 31665, 1023, 1109, 311, 1344, 354, 1124, 1523, 279, 9083, 1056, 2554, 627, 6854, 1147, 1051, 5918, 555, 14154, 1274, 2225, 369, 63566, 323, 87580, 62001, 627, 2170, 7665, 37671, 8040, 11, 279, 6484, 36617, 19168, 304, 26613, 311, 279, 3966, 315, 36754, 13, 3053, 1147, 1051, 1048, 6312, 304, 9635, 11, 9822, 11, 323, 18403, 304, 4606, 13, 578, 649, 1147, 6476, 264, 3682, 3560, 304, 279, 4216, 10474, 315, 279, 13076, 14110, 304, 4606, 13, 9634, 4114, 40021, 8246, 6137, 304, 9635, 2391, 279, 5209, 12, 972, 339, 9478, 13, 578, 27453, 32437, 86130, 520, 4325, 220, 1313, 6137, 279, 9429, 72, 258, 315, 649, 1147, 48916, 568, 1654, 72, 38477, 311, 4667, 813, 11756, 1083, 288, 449, 24428, 33008, 304, 19922, 220, 21, 8931, 29827, 13, 578, 40021, 9778, 11838, 220, 2790, 8931, 13, 578, 2853, 574, 23205, 323, 279, 27453, 1047, 311, 4662, 813, 84075, 323, 17636, 296, 638, 88, 13, 1283, 17045, 264, 2606, 53852, 11, 7957, 3320, 485, 3258, 11, 311, 9429, 813, 40021, 13, 3320, 485, 3258, 1047, 912, 16287, 6873, 11, 719, 574, 92032, 13, 1283, 18307, 62653, 813, 15715, 81600, 82, 304, 17604, 13, 5414, 14769, 743, 279, 5410, 369, 649, 1147, 304, 198, 1820, 6498, 5209, 8329, 13, 578, 27453, 596, 40021, 5844, 347, 660, 7029, 15140, 26967, 288, 13, 3320, 485, 3258, 6575, 389, 1690, 1023, 649, 1147, 11, 2955, 24992, 1124, 810, 15376, 311, 11427, 3300, 304, 8246, 13, 83411, 40021, 26967, 288, 7205, 293, 3036, 902, 2631, 2697, 3090, 304, 12976, 311, 15691, 8824, 13, 32437, 86130, 5616, 9107, 813, 40021, 304, 220, 10967, 16, 11, 3339, 1461, 264, 33415, 323, 10695, 311, 31740, 40021, 4857, 7224, 6957, 279, 81251, 13, 15466, 6658, 38385, 1411, 323, 1023, 220, 972, 339, 9478, 13076, 1705, 1051, 25408, 13, 578, 7100, 22934, 1051, 1212, 20659, 13, 25850, 12886, 555, 4363, 1047, 2853, 220, 2397, 281, 768, 264, 8941, 11, 12886, 555, 40021, 433, 1193, 1080, 380, 220, 1758, 281, 768, 13, 6658, 38385, 1411, 45374, 311, 31335, 264, 1912, 315, 281, 1751, 388, 311, 17452, 264, 40021, 311, 4667, 872, 35159, 449, 25715, 10051, 37841, 13, 6658, 38385, 1411, 323, 1023, 6498, 281, 1751, 388, 1047, 264, 3544, 13018, 3157, 11, 719, 17011, 15748, 27129, 304, 11862, 7257, 3678, 10522, 311, 872, 35159, 323, 279, 8220, 2027, 311, 11987, 13, 510, 39, 1540, 1609, 11, 12086, 13, 220, 4331, 12, 4370, 25750, 1556, 16781, 40021, 1887, 198, 16514, 2646, 5918, 304, 5270, 11, 719, 1063, 649, 1147, 1051, 5918, 304, 279, 4216, 220, 777, 339, 9478, 13, 578, 469, 556, 53748, 304, 4040, 6476, 264, 3682, 3560, 304, 279, 8752, 315, 279, 41929, 323, 279, 8736, 315, 279, 3778, 4410, 627, 36, 21264, 306, 502, 5528, 315, 7710, 1051, 8040, 35988, 20930, 21787, 11, 2225, 279, 13881, 5754, 323, 279, 20930, 38865, 13, 24720, 2336, 9922, 304, 279, 4216, 12, 777, 339, 9478, 323, 1051, 264, 3682, 8331, 304, 279, 8752, 555, 279, 5209, 12, 777, 339, 9478, 13, 578, 502, 13881, 43791, 902, 19019, 9041, 4028, 4606, 323, 5270, 9087, 9041, 279, 502, 602, 1263, 47479, 8752, 13, 24720, 2336, 864, 1773, 660, 279, 20930, 4817, 13, 3296, 279, 5209, 12, 972, 339, 9478, 279, 12235, 477, 13881, 3839, 1051, 1694, 1511, 311, 3351, 11756, 505, 279, 20428, 2025, 311, 279, 1400, 747, 727, 477, 55564, 11, 5423, 304, 9635, 13, 578, 11756, 574, 23134, 555, 35023, 552, 477, 1274, 13, 4740, 279, 2543, 315, 279, 220, 777, 339, 9478, 345, 27323, 1051, 1694, 1511, 4994, 7295, 11, 61125, 11, 323, 47304, 13, 32862, 814, 9041, 311, 1023, 3544, 9919, 439, 1664, 13, 4606, 596, 19019, 24050, 13076, 8752, 3549, 264, 1205, 369, 13241, 323, 810, 11297, 7710, 13, 12131, 46101, 411, 875, 1176, 20011, 459, 4817, 311, 6958, 27861, 313, 266, 264, 22036, 819, 10705, 13, 362, 40106, 574, 9107, 304, 279, 220, 10750, 15, 82, 505, 25715, 311, 19922, 13, 1102, 574, 1618, 430, 10058, 41659, 34237, 20011, 330, 81117, 1, 311, 6958, 264, 5542, 315, 9515, 19261, 220, 975, 8931, 824, 6596, 13, 578, 13034, 2303, 315, 13881, 43791, 28830, 505, 3224, 311, 3224, 13, 9635, 574, 279, 1176, 3224, 311, 387, 17345, 9960, 555, 13881, 43791, 304, 961, 1606, 9635, 6197, 4606, 304, 279, 13076, 14110, 13, 9635, 10534, 264, 51576, 4857, 30845, 304, 279, 220, 10336, 15, 82, 13, 24720, 43791, 17011, 1690, 27129, 11, 2737, 79051, 12034, 13, 53748, 20197, 11, 2543, 65546, 66614, 11, 323, 15580, 198, 21152, 291, 388, 16475, 279, 51576, 11, 719, 279, 3369, 72, 2301, 315, 7366, 11822, 927, 43700, 1903, 279, 13881, 43791, 12266, 311, 22884, 13, 85299, 7729, 369, 11245, 323, 18637, 304, 5780, 7526, 1051, 1023, 9547, 13, 9635, 555, 279, 220, 9741, 437, 43890, 459, 16781, 4009, 315, 96247, 13, 1183, 1771, 1051, 67757, 2225, 1274, 323, 11822, 220, 966, 12, 1135, 8931, 824, 6596, 313, 20997, 82, 653, 318, 24281, 481, 1524, 264, 13515, 6931, 13, 1102, 574, 46217, 430, 6244, 279, 1332, 60021, 315, 279, 13881, 43791, 13, 578, 8013, 10423, 304, 279, 220, 9741, 15, 82, 90548, 311, 37377, 279, 13881, 43791, 11, 6968, 75253, 552, 311, 5471, 2211, 14546, 7173, 7113, 11, 719, 33994, 7729, 13, 7570, 779, 11, 555, 4435, 5111, 358, 320, 7529, 19, 12, 972, 8, 8013, 13881, 43791, 1047, 8040, 5435, 313, 2017, 66163, 2065, 11, 16448, 7194, 11, 323, 1614, 19812, 13, 8013, 51576, 8246, 574, 5246, 8272, 555, 8246, 389, 279, 2018, 268, 13045, 11, 304, 1690, 5157, 70764, 555, 5567, 939, 15167, 13, 8013, 7241, 323, 53459, 1101, 6476, 459, 3062, 3560, 13, 9822, 304, 279, 220, 10336, 15, 82, 5918, 264, 40106, 1887, 35271, 879, 323, 586, 20790, 13, 6063, 40106, 8246, 574, 17395, 555, 279, 1690, 2204, 5415, 13, 13309, 61427, 555, 279, 220, 9714, 15, 82, 5602, 279, 6411, 4754, 315, 96247, 13, 24720, 2336, 6476, 459, 3062, 3560, 304, 279, 5270, 16803, 5111, 320, 9714, 16, 12, 2397, 8, 323, 44943, 12, 3617, 15950, 5111, 320, 9674, 15, 12, 6028, 570, 24720, 2336, 1051, 5423, 3242, 354, 519, 304, 31799, 3544, 198, 47808, 1093, 5270, 11, 7008, 11, 323, 8524, 627, 791, 36086, 374, 264, 15240, 41189, 7458, 3515, 264, 67042, 27204, 315, 279, 23529, 449, 264, 61858, 369, 279, 38226, 11, 264, 33277, 3790, 11, 323, 14787, 369, 91228, 555, 279, 7693, 13, 578, 6617, 36086, 374, 279, 1121, 315, 264, 1317, 3925, 315, 30116, 4500, 13, 426, 12732, 1051, 13517, 8040, 369, 12884, 13, 426, 12732, 520, 1176, 1051, 5115, 11646, 11, 2288, 11646, 369, 2911, 13, 86274, 369, 2911, 9922, 555, 279, 3389, 12, 777, 339, 9478, 11, 719, 1606, 315, 279, 2853, 11, 1521, 1051, 1193, 369, 2911, 505, 28994, 8689, 13, 4740, 4435, 5111, 358, 279, 36086, 6244, 810, 8136, 36270, 323, 304, 1063, 5961, 1778, 439, 5270, 6244, 264, 5410, 1514, 1537, 13, 30857, 304, 4040, 15262, 311, 387, 57303, 449, 872, 31553, 13, 14636, 1690, 25232, 3073, 315, 13305, 304, 16736, 15447, 449, 872, 31553, 13, 23591, 25232, 11, 4869, 11, 527, 51157, 15300, 11, 1063, 3115, 449, 279, 13305, 12512, 872, 93463, 1888, 29076, 627, 10438, 279, 2543, 315, 279, 220, 508, 339, 9478, 279, 35528, 9922, 13, 2360, 22936, 3756, 11754, 3778, 7829, 810, 1109, 279, 35528, 13, 24191, 315, 279, 6650, 304, 279, 3778, 8752, 1306, 279, 2543, 315, 279, 220, 508, 339, 9478, 574, 31288, 389, 279, 502, 35528, 13, 578, 3778, 8752, 555, 279, 220, 5926, 15, 82, 574, 311, 264, 3544, 13112, 31288, 389, 279, 35528, 13, 1102, 574, 279, 5064, 31288, 389, 279, 35528, 323, 27861, 430, 1069, 869, 4591, 279, 1203, 17685, 369, 279, 58031, 315, 20095, 430, 9087, 18506, 279, 21317, 57, 3957, 323, 11002, 62533, 1705, 304, 4435, 5111, 358, 13, 578, 3154, 15280, 1101, 617, 264, 28254, 13042, 95817, 302, 389, 5270, 13, 4409, 9293, 6137, 311, 1935, 2035, 994, 279, 35528, 304, 4059, 13, 18156, 810, 6666, 574, 2728, 733, 279, 35528, 1109, 1274, 13, 578, 3154, 15280, 1903, 3284, 279, 3351, 311, 279, 48013, 11, 43938, 14722, 1306, 4435, 5111, 8105, 13, 2684, 67608, 1690, 1023, 13042, 25949, 315, 279, 35528, 13, 44015, 4455, 1051, 810, 3062, 369, 459, 5270, 8334, 1109, 19546, 430, 682, 3062, 10043, 5842, 13, 7089, 5961, 1051, 30293, 11754, 11, 719, 539, 311, 279, 1890, 13112, 439, 279, 3723, 4273, 13, 41143, 5448, 315, 13305, 6, 17895, 7170, 9922, 304, 35528, 1008, 424, 285, 3808, 13, 9176, 3778, 8689, 1053, 617, 25232, 4529, 2212, 279, 3070, 35528, 13, 1102, 374, 7185, 311, 539, 762, 994, 15389, 1555, 469, 7826, 352, 11, 279, 1396, 315, 3778, 59234, 72829, 1711, 279, 2911, 323, 6699, 449, 279, 3070, 1841, 627, 3947, 527, 1403, 13124, 315, 14467, 11, 30673, 323, 44922, 1109, 3805, 11003, 13, 22938, 449, 30673, 48754, 38635, 11003, 574, 279, 2869, 30450, 1675, 8034, 5149, 13, 578, 1176, 11213, 574, 449, 264, 4106, 38635, 9839, 9186, 304, 9822, 320, 972, 339, 9478, 13, 4314, 5041, 2439, 1047, 2697, 8518, 2802, 11, 719, 1794, 6411, 4666, 4428, 1354, 11, 5423, 38486, 22695, 13, 1102, 574, 4605, 10120, 69108, 304, 10057, 430, 5918, 279, 1176, 33956, 6070, 30673, 48754, 38635, 11003, 13, 5414, 10120, 604, 301, 1354, 1051, 1511, 7120, 84, 1140, 3725, 304, 4435, 5111, 358, 11, 719, 1766, 1063, 8518, 2450, 3156, 279, 1841, 376, 266, 42810, 20412, 55485, 21426, 13, 578, 5552, 2536, 3880, 21596, 1529, 67758, 19168, 311, 617, 7191, 6411, 907, 13, 2435, 1051, 1511, 555, 279, 8013, 439, 3703, 425, 70580, 2391, 279, 16506, 315, 13527, 320, 6393, 15, 570, 2684, 1972, 12939, 574, 279, 1005, 555, 279, 3778, 19574, 304, 279, 16506, 315, 279, 23179, 320, 6393, 17, 12, 1774, 570, 578, 27839, 20820, 304, 220, 7028, 18, 27332, 279, 1176, 29759, 11213, 315, 264, 44922, 1109, 3805, 11003, 13, 1115, 574, 459, 61238, 430, 264, 1661, 1347, 315, 51607, 1047, 1027, 3318, 389, 369, 3892, 1667, 13, 8242, 49264, 1403, 3778, 36086, 13023, 5794, 449, 2697, 11006, 323, 1193, 6913, 4834, 811, 27332, 433, 13, 1789, 3892, 1667, 279, 27839, 74834, 1051, 279, 1193, 6220, 76481, 13, 578, 44024, 19168, 311, 387, 315, 23205, 6411, 323, 8518, 12939, 13, 6690, 2410, 304, 1120, 264, 2478, 1667, 14110, 1534, 39307, 13, 1102, 1101, 14110, 1534, 5944, 13, 3639, 6137, 706, 264, 1633, 11646, 3941, 315, 7710, 369, 279, 28994, 1306, 4435, 5111, 8105, 449, 279, 17219, 315, 17004, 21787, 6244, 279, 6156, 3941, 315, 7710, 369, 1274, 315, 682, 6989, 627, 74382, 279, 30857, 6, 41143, 54758, 5000, 13207, 512, 58, 5715, 311, 279, 4802, 7710, 2199, 933, 37361, 17158, 60, 510, 68920, 60, 510, 37196, 67245, 60, 510, 68853, 2508, 60, 510, 52336, 1626, 9404, 60, 510, 72828, 933, 33722, 69713, 67245, 60, 510, 54084, 4065, 60, 510, 38538, 954, 60, 510, 56032, 82, 60, 510, 38, 9563, 5548, 60, 510, 14562, 60, 510, 25056, 60, 510, 24253, 60, 510, 16992, 933, 58, 1255, 1065, 6, 54758, 5492, 60, 128001 ]

(Gateway Pundit) – Mayor Pete Buttigieg gave advice on coming out as gay to a nine-year-old child in Denver during a campaign stop on Saturday night. Surely this prepubescent child did this on his own, without the prompting of his parents — we’re expected to believe that, anyways. Buttigieg told the child, Zachary Ro, that it didn’t seem like he needed advice on bravery, since he said it in a room full of people. “Let me tell you a couple things that might be useful. The first thing is that it won’t always be easy, but that’s okay because you know who you are and that’s really important because when you know who you are you have a center of gravity that can hold you together when all kinds of chaos is happening around you,” Buttigieg added. The audience then broke out into a chant of “love is love,” according to a report from the Colorado Sun. The campaign claims that his question was picked from a bowl of them submitted by attendees at random. Donald Trump Addresses Roaring Crowd Of Over 10...

251

[ 128000, 6838, 12312, 393, 1263, 275, 8, 1389, 22868, 37373, 70449, 343, 36110, 6688, 9650, 389, 5108, 704, 439, 8485, 311, 264, 11888, 4771, 6418, 1716, 304, 22898, 2391, 264, 4901, 3009, 389, 7884, 3814, 627, 40914, 398, 420, 864, 9780, 288, 1189, 1716, 1550, 420, 389, 813, 1866, 11, 2085, 279, 50745, 315, 813, 6699, 2001, 584, 3207, 3685, 311, 4510, 430, 11, 63445, 627, 4071, 83, 343, 36110, 3309, 279, 1716, 11, 39315, 661, 12093, 11, 430, 433, 3287, 1431, 2873, 1093, 568, 4460, 9650, 389, 86166, 11, 2533, 568, 1071, 433, 304, 264, 3130, 2539, 315, 1274, 627, 2118, 10267, 757, 3371, 499, 264, 5743, 2574, 430, 2643, 387, 5505, 13, 578, 1176, 3245, 374, 430, 433, 2834, 1431, 2744, 387, 4228, 11, 719, 430, 753, 17339, 1606, 499, 1440, 889, 499, 527, 323, 430, 753, 2216, 3062, 1606, 994, 499, 1440, 889, 499, 527, 499, 617, 264, 4219, 315, 24128, 430, 649, 3412, 499, 3871, 994, 682, 13124, 315, 28013, 374, 12765, 2212, 499, 2476, 70449, 343, 36110, 3779, 627, 791, 10877, 1243, 14760, 704, 1139, 264, 44453, 315, 1054, 31153, 374, 3021, 2476, 4184, 311, 264, 1934, 505, 279, 15745, 8219, 627, 791, 4901, 8349, 430, 813, 3488, 574, 13061, 505, 264, 19763, 315, 1124, 14976, 555, 40285, 520, 4288, 627, 18735, 3420, 92530, 12093, 3329, 99084, 5046, 6193, 220, 605, 9522, 128001 ]

The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on Wednesday strongly condemned the violent acts by rioters at Hong Kong International Airport on Tuesday night. "Rioters on Tuesday detained, harassed and assaulted a visitor and a journalist from the Chinese mainland. Such violent acts could almost be described as 'terrorism,'" the liaison office said in a statement, adding that it will support the Hong Kong police to bring rioters to justice. "We want to express our deep condolences to the two victims and show our deepest respect to the reporter who voiced support for the Hong Kong police," the statement said.

127

[ 128000, 791, 84757, 3416, 8410, 315, 279, 10913, 9029, 596, 10423, 304, 279, 19730, 18711, 9984, 52941, 17593, 389, 8079, 16917, 39025, 279, 16806, 14385, 555, 42597, 388, 520, 19730, 18711, 7327, 21348, 389, 7742, 3814, 627, 1, 49, 11345, 388, 389, 7742, 37993, 11, 68610, 323, 46671, 264, 20792, 323, 264, 23672, 505, 279, 8620, 51115, 13, 15483, 16806, 14385, 1436, 4661, 387, 7633, 439, 364, 56663, 49982, 279, 83199, 5274, 1071, 304, 264, 5224, 11, 7999, 430, 433, 690, 1862, 279, 19730, 18711, 4379, 311, 4546, 42597, 388, 311, 12437, 627, 10944, 1390, 311, 3237, 1057, 5655, 80293, 311, 279, 1403, 12697, 323, 1501, 1057, 51621, 5201, 311, 279, 19496, 889, 52468, 1862, 369, 279, 19730, 18711, 4379, 1359, 279, 5224, 1071, 13, 128001 ]

A Nutella jar may be to blame for causing a fire in London. The London Fire Brigade says the empty jar was set on a window sill and the glass refracted the sunlight, setting the blinds ablaze earlier this month. Fire investigator Charlie Pugsley says the idea of a glass jar causing a fire might sound far fetched, but he urges people to make sure they don't put glass near their windows. The homeowners daughter had been using the cleaned, empty jar to store hair ties and rubber bands.

106

[ 128000, 32, 18878, 6985, 30695, 1253, 387, 311, 19065, 369, 14718, 264, 4027, 304, 7295, 13, 578, 7295, 6785, 67314, 2795, 279, 4384, 30695, 574, 743, 389, 264, 3321, 85367, 323, 279, 9168, 19914, 22955, 279, 40120, 11, 6376, 279, 67161, 98492, 10033, 6931, 420, 2305, 13, 220, 6785, 49581, 25972, 393, 13602, 3258, 2795, 279, 4623, 315, 264, 9168, 30695, 14718, 264, 4027, 2643, 5222, 3117, 42542, 11, 719, 568, 63937, 1274, 311, 1304, 2771, 814, 1541, 956, 2231, 9168, 3221, 872, 11276, 13, 578, 40962, 10003, 1047, 1027, 1701, 279, 28822, 11, 4384, 30695, 311, 3637, 7013, 20405, 323, 23506, 21562, 627, 128001 ]

INDIRECT Function and adding cells across multiple sheets ... and Sheet3 and have made that a named range (Sheets). This range will be updated every time a new sheet ... For the detailed step-by-step guidance on how to use INDIRECT with Excel Data Validation, please check out this tutorial: How to make a dependent drop down list in Excel. Excel INDIRECT function - possible errors and issues. As demonstrated in the above examples, the INDIRECT function is quite helpful when dealing with cell and range references. Named range - a range of values which we want to sum; Setting up Your Data. Figure 1. Indirect named range different sheet. We will now look at the example to explain in detail how to reference the named range to another sheet. Let's start with examining the structure of the data that we will use.Replied to How to create dynamic named ranges in Google Sheets (Ben Collins). See how you can use the INDIRECT function to create dynamic named ranges in Google Sheets, which expand automatically if new values are added to the range.INDIRECT Function and adding cells across multiple sheets ... and Sheet3 and have made that a named range (Sheets). This range will be updated every time a new sheet ... Create pivot tables in Google Sheets. Select all the data (including the headers) by selecting the corner cell or pressing Ctrl + A. Select Data and then Pivot tables from the menu. Google Sheets will create a new sheet with a blank grid. Select which rows, columns, values, and filters to use from the right menu. How to select random cells from a list in Google sheets? This article, I will introduce some ways to select random cells from a list in Google sheets and Excel worksheet. Select random cells from a list in Google sheets with formula. Select random cells from a list in Excel worksheet with Kutools for ExcelAccess Google Sheets with a free Google account (for personal use) or G Suite account (for business use). My spreadsheet has 100+ sheets, one for each month going back 10 years, named in this format: 2007-01, 2007-02, 2007-03, etc. I want to make a simple summary sheet that displays the value of D3 in each monthly sheet.Tags: excel spreadsheet formulas list, excel spreadsheet formulas list pdf, google sheet function list, google sheets drop down list formula, google sheets list of formulas, google sheets sum of list, google spreadsheet formulas list, list formulas in a spreadsheet, list of spreadsheet formulas, list of spreadsheet formulas and functions ...Do you know the role of Indirect function in Conditional Formatting in Google Sheets? If not follow this tutorial. Here you can find a very useful conditional formatting example and also learn to use Indirect Function in Google Sheets Conditional Formatting.> How to create dynamic drop down list based on name range in Microsoft Excel. ... We will use INDIRECT function & Name Manager. ... Google serves cookies to analyse traffic to this site. Information about your use of our site is shared with Google for that purpose. Accept.

639

[ 128000, 5358, 10417, 5830, 323, 7999, 7917, 4028, 5361, 25112, 2564, 323, 28841, 18, 323, 617, 1903, 430, 264, 7086, 2134, 320, 8100, 1441, 570, 1115, 2134, 690, 387, 6177, 1475, 892, 264, 502, 11071, 2564, 1789, 279, 11944, 3094, 14656, 30308, 19351, 389, 1268, 311, 1005, 28171, 449, 21705, 2956, 19490, 11, 4587, 1817, 704, 420, 22237, 25, 2650, 311, 1304, 264, 18222, 6068, 1523, 1160, 304, 21705, 13, 21705, 28171, 734, 482, 3284, 6103, 323, 4819, 13, 1666, 21091, 304, 279, 3485, 10507, 11, 279, 28171, 734, 374, 5115, 11190, 994, 14892, 449, 2849, 323, 2134, 15407, 627, 16187, 2134, 482, 264, 2134, 315, 2819, 902, 584, 1390, 311, 2694, 26, 20638, 709, 4718, 2956, 13, 19575, 220, 16, 13, 2314, 1248, 7086, 2134, 2204, 11071, 13, 1226, 690, 1457, 1427, 520, 279, 3187, 311, 10552, 304, 7872, 1268, 311, 5905, 279, 7086, 2134, 311, 2500, 11071, 13, 6914, 596, 1212, 449, 38936, 279, 6070, 315, 279, 828, 430, 584, 690, 1005, 2887, 3523, 311, 2650, 311, 1893, 8915, 7086, 21986, 304, 5195, 61572, 320, 25584, 29770, 570, 3580, 1268, 499, 649, 1005, 279, 28171, 734, 311, 1893, 8915, 7086, 21986, 304, 5195, 61572, 11, 902, 9407, 9651, 422, 502, 2819, 527, 3779, 311, 279, 2134, 13, 5358, 10417, 5830, 323, 7999, 7917, 4028, 5361, 25112, 2564, 323, 28841, 18, 323, 617, 1903, 430, 264, 7086, 2134, 320, 8100, 1441, 570, 1115, 2134, 690, 387, 6177, 1475, 892, 264, 502, 11071, 2564, 4324, 27137, 12920, 304, 5195, 61572, 13, 8593, 682, 279, 828, 320, 16564, 279, 7247, 8, 555, 27397, 279, 9309, 2849, 477, 26422, 38114, 489, 362, 13, 8593, 2956, 323, 1243, 98993, 12920, 505, 279, 5130, 13, 5195, 61572, 690, 1893, 264, 502, 11071, 449, 264, 10321, 5950, 13, 8593, 902, 7123, 11, 8310, 11, 2819, 11, 323, 13711, 311, 1005, 505, 279, 1314, 5130, 627, 4438, 311, 3373, 4288, 7917, 505, 264, 1160, 304, 5195, 25112, 30, 1115, 4652, 11, 358, 690, 19678, 1063, 5627, 311, 3373, 4288, 7917, 505, 264, 1160, 304, 5195, 25112, 323, 21705, 37736, 13, 8593, 4288, 7917, 505, 264, 1160, 304, 5195, 25112, 449, 15150, 13, 8593, 4288, 7917, 505, 264, 1160, 304, 21705, 37736, 449, 735, 1564, 3145, 369, 21705, 6182, 5195, 61572, 449, 264, 1949, 5195, 2759, 320, 2000, 4443, 1005, 8, 477, 480, 21652, 2759, 320, 2000, 2626, 1005, 4390, 5159, 46986, 706, 220, 1041, 10, 25112, 11, 832, 369, 1855, 2305, 2133, 1203, 220, 605, 1667, 11, 7086, 304, 420, 3645, 25, 220, 1049, 22, 12, 1721, 11, 220, 1049, 22, 12, 2437, 11, 220, 1049, 22, 12, 2839, 11, 5099, 13, 358, 1390, 311, 1304, 264, 4382, 12399, 11071, 430, 19207, 279, 907, 315, 423, 18, 304, 1855, 15438, 11071, 74622, 25, 25555, 46986, 55179, 1160, 11, 25555, 46986, 55179, 1160, 13072, 11, 11819, 11071, 734, 1160, 11, 11819, 25112, 6068, 1523, 1160, 15150, 11, 11819, 25112, 1160, 315, 55179, 11, 11819, 25112, 2694, 315, 1160, 11, 11819, 46986, 55179, 1160, 11, 1160, 55179, 304, 264, 46986, 11, 1160, 315, 46986, 55179, 11, 1160, 315, 46986, 55179, 323, 5865, 2564, 5519, 499, 1440, 279, 3560, 315, 2314, 1248, 734, 304, 93073, 90688, 304, 5195, 61572, 30, 1442, 539, 1833, 420, 22237, 13, 5810, 499, 649, 1505, 264, 1633, 5505, 35787, 37666, 3187, 323, 1101, 4048, 311, 1005, 2314, 1248, 5830, 304, 5195, 61572, 93073, 90688, 13, 29, 2650, 311, 1893, 8915, 6068, 1523, 1160, 3196, 389, 836, 2134, 304, 5210, 21705, 13, 2564, 1226, 690, 1005, 28171, 734, 612, 4076, 10790, 13, 2564, 5195, 17482, 8443, 311, 49586, 9629, 311, 420, 2816, 13, 8245, 922, 701, 1005, 315, 1057, 2816, 374, 6222, 449, 5195, 369, 430, 7580, 13, 21496, 13, 128001 ]

from the February 8, 2008 edition Pristina, Kosovo - Kosovo's bid for independence edged a step closer this week with the news that the new state's constitution, flag, and national emblem are to be decided in parliament in coming days. After months of drafting, senior officials in the Kosovo government have said that the constitution upon which the new state will rest is almost complete, and they have short-listed designs for the flag and emblem. The short list was supposed to be kept secret, but a source close to the Kosovo Symbols Commission, tasked with choosing the flag, described the final three designs that are to be presented to the parliament for selection. The first, according to the source, is an outline of a map of Kosovo on a blue background, with yellow stars representing the aspiring state's ambition of eventual membership in the European Union. The second is a simple tricolor of red, white, and black vertical stripes. The third design is identical, but carries a spiral motif on the white segment. The three designs have been whittled down from almost 1,000 entries in a public competition launched last year. The. The competition attracted entries from as far as New Zealand and South Africa. There were even seven entries from Serbia. The parliament will be presented with the designs, one of which must secure two-thirds of a parliamentary vote to be adopted. The new national flag and emblem are expected to be revealed on the day the province declares independence from Serbia..

311

[ 128000, 1527, 279, 7552, 220, 23, 11, 220, 1049, 23, 14002, 198, 47, 2889, 2259, 11, 80997, 482, 80997, 596, 14435, 369, 24589, 90663, 264, 3094, 12401, 420, 2046, 449, 279, 3754, 430, 279, 502, 1614, 596, 16812, 11, 5292, 11, 323, 5426, 198, 336, 10329, 527, 311, 387, 6773, 304, 21814, 304, 5108, 2919, 627, 6153, 4038, 315, 59000, 11, 10195, 7510, 304, 279, 80997, 3109, 617, 1071, 430, 279, 16812, 5304, 902, 279, 502, 1614, 198, 14724, 2800, 374, 4661, 4686, 11, 323, 814, 617, 2875, 9206, 291, 14769, 369, 279, 5292, 323, 67374, 627, 791, 2875, 1160, 574, 10171, 311, 387, 8774, 6367, 11, 719, 264, 2592, 3345, 311, 279, 80997, 84680, 9849, 11, 51920, 449, 19301, 279, 198, 10104, 11, 7633, 279, 1620, 2380, 14769, 430, 527, 311, 387, 10666, 311, 279, 21814, 369, 6727, 627, 791, 1176, 11, 4184, 311, 279, 2592, 11, 374, 459, 21782, 315, 264, 2472, 315, 80997, 389, 264, 6437, 4092, 11, 449, 14071, 9958, 14393, 198, 1820, 60213, 1614, 596, 45715, 315, 42835, 16250, 304, 279, 7665, 9323, 13, 578, 2132, 374, 264, 4382, 490, 74909, 315, 2579, 11, 4251, 345, 438, 3776, 12414, 55788, 13, 578, 4948, 2955, 374, 20086, 11, 719, 24266, 264, 42197, 60612, 389, 279, 4251, 10449, 627, 791, 2380, 14769, 617, 1027, 421, 1468, 839, 1523, 505, 4661, 220, 16, 11, 931, 10925, 304, 264, 586, 10937, 11887, 1566, 1060, 13, 578, 627, 791, 10937, 29123, 10925, 505, 439, 3117, 439, 1561, 17340, 323, 4987, 10384, 13, 2684, 1051, 1524, 8254, 10925, 505, 59814, 627, 791, 21814, 690, 387, 10666, 449, 279, 14769, 11, 832, 315, 902, 2011, 9966, 1403, 45726, 315, 264, 44250, 7055, 311, 387, 18306, 627, 791, 502, 5426, 5292, 323, 67374, 527, 3685, 311, 387, 10675, 389, 279, 1938, 279, 17271, 50888, 24589, 505, 59814, 497, 128001 ]

The EMS Division is responsible for the readiness, response and serviceability of apparatus designed to perform emergency medical treatment and transport functions. The Miami Valley Fire District provides Advance Life Support (ALS) from personnel certified by the Ohio Department of Public Safety and governed by the Greater Miami Valley EMS Council. This service is administered through the use of five first response ALS medical units. Requests for fire and emergency medical assistance are channeled through the Regional Dispatch Center. Following standardized “Emergency Medical Dispatch” protocols, fire and emergency medical units are dispatched to EMS incidents. Personnel are certified to the levels of Emergency Medical Responder (EMR), Emergency Medical Technician-Advanced (EMT-A) and Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic (EMT-P). All career firefighting personnel maintain the highest certification, EMT-Paramedic. The re-certification of the membership is administered pursuant to Ohio Department of Public Safety re certification requirements. All Emergency Personnel are required to complete 86 hours of medical refresher training every three years that is compliant with Ohio Department of Public Safety Standards. The training is broken out into several different disciplines which include cardiac, trauma, pediatric, geriatric and general topics. By completing these requirements the EMS personnel stay current on all aspects of new trends and advancements in emergency medical care. EMS personnel also complete annual standing orders protocol testing and skills assessment developed by the regional Physicians Advisory Board (RPAB) and hospital EMS coordinators. By completing this annual testing the district is permitted to participate in the Greater Miami Valley Emergency Medical Services Council (GMVEMSC) one to one drug bag exchange when used on an EMS incident and is funded by the Greater Dayton Area Hospital Association (GDAHA). By participating in this program the district does not have to purchase and maintain a life-saving drug cache which saves taxpayers thousands of dollars annually. The Miami Valley Fire District operates under the auspices of dual medical advisors. Dr. Randy Marriott and Dr. Scott Ballenier serve as co-medical advisors. The district averages more than 5000 EMS runs annually with approximately over 80% of those patients are transported to area hospitals.

430

[ 128000, 791, 71165, 14829, 374, 8647, 369, 279, 62792, 11, 2077, 323, 2532, 2968, 315, 41705, 6319, 311, 2804, 13147, 6593, 6514, 323, 7710, 5865, 13, 578, 18045, 13345, 6785, 11182, 5825, 47396, 9601, 9365, 320, 47837, 8, 505, 17274, 23759, 555, 279, 14689, 6011, 315, 3142, 19220, 323, 27800, 555, 279, 33381, 18045, 13345, 71165, 9251, 13, 1115, 2532, 374, 38018, 1555, 279, 1005, 315, 4330, 1176, 2077, 39523, 6593, 8316, 13, 51982, 369, 4027, 323, 13147, 6593, 13291, 527, 523, 20991, 839, 1555, 279, 26361, 21817, 5955, 13, 23548, 51114, 1054, 80069, 13235, 21817, 863, 32885, 11, 4027, 323, 13147, 6593, 8316, 527, 50251, 311, 71165, 24455, 13, 71077, 527, 23759, 311, 279, 5990, 315, 32708, 13235, 1838, 20949, 320, 2783, 49, 705, 32708, 13235, 60156, 12, 36557, 320, 2783, 51, 6830, 8, 323, 32708, 13235, 60156, 12, 2044, 34383, 320, 2783, 51, 9483, 4390, 2460, 7076, 38703, 287, 17274, 10519, 279, 8592, 28706, 11, 469, 8673, 12, 2044, 34383, 13, 578, 312, 62134, 2461, 315, 279, 16250, 374, 38018, 33549, 311, 14689, 6011, 315, 3142, 19220, 312, 28706, 8670, 13, 2052, 32708, 71077, 527, 2631, 311, 4686, 220, 4218, 4207, 315, 6593, 2098, 86524, 4967, 1475, 2380, 1667, 430, 374, 49798, 449, 14689, 6011, 315, 3142, 19220, 35653, 13, 578, 4967, 374, 11102, 704, 1139, 3892, 2204, 49255, 902, 2997, 47345, 11, 30988, 11, 53166, 11, 17684, 23336, 323, 4689, 13650, 13, 3296, 27666, 1521, 8670, 279, 71165, 17274, 4822, 1510, 389, 682, 13878, 315, 502, 18845, 323, 83787, 304, 13147, 6593, 2512, 13, 71165, 17274, 1101, 4686, 9974, 11509, 10373, 11766, 7649, 323, 7512, 15813, 8040, 555, 279, 15481, 88599, 45013, 8925, 320, 22394, 1905, 8, 323, 8952, 71165, 30478, 3046, 13, 3296, 27666, 420, 9974, 7649, 279, 9474, 374, 15480, 311, 16136, 304, 279, 33381, 18045, 13345, 32708, 13235, 8471, 9251, 320, 21287, 53, 2783, 3624, 8, 832, 311, 832, 5623, 9145, 9473, 994, 1511, 389, 459, 71165, 10672, 323, 374, 24853, 555, 279, 33381, 49273, 12299, 15429, 10229, 320, 38, 6486, 17455, 570, 3296, 24435, 304, 420, 2068, 279, 9474, 1587, 539, 617, 311, 7782, 323, 10519, 264, 2324, 59085, 5623, 6636, 902, 27024, 35748, 9214, 315, 11441, 30171, 13, 578, 18045, 13345, 6785, 11182, 27149, 1234, 279, 90196, 1238, 315, 19091, 6593, 58784, 13, 2999, 13, 46315, 76922, 323, 2999, 13, 10016, 13131, 268, 1291, 8854, 439, 1080, 45872, 950, 58784, 13, 578, 9474, 49920, 810, 1109, 220, 2636, 15, 71165, 8640, 30171, 449, 13489, 927, 220, 1490, 4, 315, 1884, 6978, 527, 40460, 311, 3158, 24461, 13, 128001 ]

👎 In general, the water in Monte Carlo is not safe to drink. We are working on providing you with scientific reports about the water quality in Monte Carlo, if you know a reliable source for that feel free to shoot us a message in the chat below! 1 adult could save about 788$ per year in Monte Carlo by drinking tap water instead of buying bottled water. Even though drinking water might be considered safe, if you plan to travel to Monte Carlo, consider talking to your local contact to verify that. Old pipes could be leaking toxic material or water in that specific country could contain heavy metals or bacteria.

128

[ 128000, 9468, 239, 236, 763, 4689, 11, 279, 3090, 304, 46867, 58870, 374, 539, 6220, 311, 7172, 627, 1687, 527, 3318, 389, 8405, 499, 449, 12624, 6821, 922, 279, 3090, 4367, 304, 46867, 58870, 11, 422, 499, 1440, 264, 15062, 2592, 369, 430, 2733, 1949, 311, 6230, 603, 264, 1984, 304, 279, 6369, 3770, 4999, 16, 6822, 1436, 3665, 922, 220, 24216, 3, 824, 1060, 304, 46867, 58870, 555, 16558, 15596, 3090, 4619, 315, 12096, 72178, 3090, 627, 13461, 3582, 16558, 3090, 2643, 387, 6646, 6220, 11, 422, 499, 3197, 311, 5944, 311, 46867, 58870, 11, 2980, 7556, 311, 701, 2254, 3729, 311, 10356, 430, 13, 10846, 32275, 1436, 387, 52929, 21503, 3769, 477, 3090, 304, 430, 3230, 3224, 1436, 6782, 8987, 37182, 477, 24032, 627, 128001 ]

January is Human Trafficking Awareness Month. Human trafficking is modern day slavery. Although the legal practice of slavery was abolished in most of the world long ago, the exploitation of people by others has continued in all of its various forms. This includes bonded servitude, slave labor, sex slavery, forced child soldiers, and more. Human trafficking involves the transport of individuals by deception, coercion, or force for the purposes of exploitation and financial or material gain of another person or entity. Here are ten things you need to know about trafficking including ways you can help here in Vermont and what we are doing at The University of Vermont Medical Center to help victims of human trafficking: - It is estimated that up to 27 million people worldwide are enslaved. This is more than all the slaves at the height of the transatlantic slave trade. This Immoral Trade by Baroness Caroline Cox is an authoritative summary of the epidemic of modern day slavery. - Trafficked victims do not need to cross country, state, or even city limits to be trafficked and exploited. Read The Slave Across the Street by Theresa Flores or Renting Lacy by Linda Smith. - Trafficked victims live and “work” right here in Vermont. Sex slaves in particular are found “for sale” on websites like Craig’s List and Backpage. - Polaris Project helps monitor anti-trafficking laws and statistics in each of the 50 states. - The Department of Homeland Security is leading the way in the federal government to fight human trafficking. On their website, you can see the most up to date information on legislation, federal agencies and programs to assist victims of trafficking, and even the national hotline to report suspected trafficking. - January is Human Trafficking Awareness Month. There are a myriad of nonprofit organizations in the US and around the world working to raise awareness about modern day slavery. Give Way to Freedom is one such organization located right here in Vermont. - Major sporting events in the US and around the world are notoriously huge draws for adult and child sex slaves. It is estimated that the Olympics, the Super Bowl, and the World Cup are the three largest sex slave sporting events in the world. See End It Movement’s awareness video about this serious issue. - It is possible for victims of trafficking to be rescued and restored to become healthy, productive people. Read Ishmael Beah’s incredible journey in A Long Way Gone. - Teaching internet safety to kids is vital to protect them from predators and child sex traffickers. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children have a fabulous educational website. - A group of educators and anti-human trafficking advocates at UVM’s College of Medicine is developing a curriculum to teach medical students, medical professionals, and others how to recognize and assist potential victims of human trafficking. There is a growing body of educational materials to train medical personnel, such as CMDA’s online curriculum. Rachel DiSanto, MD, is a clinical assistant professor for the Department of Family Medicine at The University of Vermont Medical Center and a practicing family physician at North Country Hospital in Newport, Vermont.

641

[ 128000, 33327, 374, 11344, 67848, 16671, 63135, 19961, 627, 35075, 34563, 374, 6617, 1938, 33792, 13, 10541, 279, 5897, 6725, 315, 33792, 574, 81081, 304, 1455, 315, 279, 1917, 1317, 4227, 11, 279, 40761, 315, 1274, 555, 3885, 706, 8738, 304, 682, 315, 1202, 5370, 7739, 13, 1115, 5764, 70241, 4958, 3993, 11, 20985, 9511, 11, 1877, 33792, 11, 9770, 1716, 15201, 11, 323, 810, 13, 11344, 34563, 18065, 279, 7710, 315, 7931, 555, 64575, 11, 78242, 11, 477, 5457, 369, 279, 10096, 315, 40761, 323, 6020, 477, 3769, 8895, 315, 2500, 1732, 477, 5502, 627, 8586, 527, 5899, 2574, 499, 1205, 311, 1440, 922, 34563, 2737, 5627, 499, 649, 1520, 1618, 304, 35739, 323, 1148, 584, 527, 3815, 520, 578, 3907, 315, 35739, 13235, 5955, 311, 1520, 12697, 315, 3823, 34563, 512, 12, 1102, 374, 13240, 430, 709, 311, 220, 1544, 3610, 1274, 15603, 527, 95389, 13, 1115, 374, 810, 1109, 682, 279, 32760, 520, 279, 2673, 315, 279, 1380, 60435, 8322, 20985, 6696, 13, 1115, 15695, 10020, 17657, 555, 54007, 434, 54491, 39760, 374, 459, 65693, 12399, 315, 279, 42620, 315, 6617, 1938, 33792, 627, 12, 67848, 19011, 12697, 656, 539, 1205, 311, 5425, 3224, 11, 1614, 11, 477, 1524, 3363, 13693, 311, 387, 8422, 19011, 323, 51763, 13, 4557, 578, 60468, 58237, 279, 6825, 555, 43812, 74052, 477, 30837, 287, 445, 2826, 555, 39162, 9259, 627, 12, 67848, 19011, 12697, 3974, 323, 1054, 1816, 863, 1314, 1618, 304, 35739, 13, 6834, 32760, 304, 4040, 527, 1766, 1054, 2000, 6412, 863, 389, 13335, 1093, 29517, 753, 1796, 323, 6984, 2964, 627, 12, 3735, 42960, 5907, 8779, 8891, 7294, 80367, 544, 16671, 7016, 323, 13443, 304, 1855, 315, 279, 220, 1135, 5415, 627, 12, 578, 6011, 315, 44804, 8398, 374, 6522, 279, 1648, 304, 279, 6918, 3109, 311, 4465, 3823, 34563, 13, 1952, 872, 3997, 11, 499, 649, 1518, 279, 1455, 709, 311, 2457, 2038, 389, 13543, 11, 6918, 13607, 323, 7620, 311, 7945, 12697, 315, 34563, 11, 323, 1524, 279, 5426, 92975, 311, 1934, 24740, 34563, 627, 12, 6186, 374, 11344, 67848, 16671, 63135, 19961, 13, 2684, 527, 264, 52909, 315, 33184, 11351, 304, 279, 2326, 323, 2212, 279, 1917, 3318, 311, 4933, 17985, 922, 6617, 1938, 33792, 13, 21335, 12424, 311, 25320, 374, 832, 1778, 7471, 7559, 1314, 1618, 304, 35739, 627, 12, 17559, 36027, 4455, 304, 279, 2326, 323, 2212, 279, 1917, 527, 73835, 6908, 27741, 369, 6822, 323, 1716, 1877, 32760, 13, 1102, 374, 13240, 430, 279, 33063, 11, 279, 7445, 20904, 11, 323, 279, 4435, 11098, 527, 279, 2380, 7928, 1877, 20985, 36027, 4455, 304, 279, 1917, 13, 3580, 4060, 1102, 29098, 753, 17985, 2835, 922, 420, 6129, 4360, 627, 12, 1102, 374, 3284, 369, 12697, 315, 34563, 311, 387, 45433, 323, 28101, 311, 3719, 9498, 11, 27331, 1274, 13, 4557, 57704, 1764, 301, 2893, 1494, 753, 15400, 11879, 304, 362, 5843, 12424, 56355, 627, 12, 45377, 7757, 7296, 311, 6980, 374, 16595, 311, 6144, 1124, 505, 56217, 323, 1716, 1877, 8422, 40189, 13, 578, 5165, 5955, 369, 36364, 323, 7943, 385, 1639, 15394, 617, 264, 35631, 16627, 3997, 627, 12, 362, 1912, 315, 50794, 323, 7294, 70095, 34563, 28424, 520, 549, 11435, 753, 9304, 315, 19152, 374, 11469, 264, 30676, 311, 4639, 6593, 4236, 11, 6593, 15749, 11, 323, 3885, 1268, 311, 15641, 323, 7945, 4754, 12697, 315, 3823, 34563, 13, 2684, 374, 264, 7982, 2547, 315, 16627, 7384, 311, 5542, 6593, 17274, 11, 1778, 439, 28011, 32, 753, 2930, 30676, 627, 84978, 7923, 50, 13873, 11, 14306, 11, 374, 264, 14830, 18328, 14561, 369, 279, 6011, 315, 12517, 19152, 520, 578, 3907, 315, 35739, 13235, 5955, 323, 264, 36666, 3070, 28378, 520, 4892, 14438, 15429, 304, 59900, 11, 35739, 13, 128001 ]

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: BZ1918270 - update Azure storage class kind annotations in docs username_0: [BZ1918270](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1918270) Changed annotation to denote that `kind: Dedicated` in Azure Disk storage class is not supported by Red Hat. Also, updated recommendation in Azure File to use `volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer`. For OCP 4.4+. <issue_comment>username_0: **PREVIEW LINKS:** - Adds note that `kind: Dedicated` is not supported by Red Hat: **Post-installation configuration -> Storage configuration -> Azure Disk object definition** https://deploy-preview-28932--osdocs.netlify.app/openshift-enterprise/latest/post_installation_configuration/storage-configuration.html#azure-disk-definition_post-install-storage-configuration - Adds note that `kind: Dedicated` is not supported by Red Hat: **Storage -> Persistent storage using Azure Disk -> Creating the Azure storage class** - https://deploy-preview-28932--osdocs.netlify.app/openshift-enterprise/latest/storage/persistent_storage/persistent-storage-azure.html#storage-create-azure-storage-class_persistent-storage-azure - Updates doc to `volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer`: **Storage -> Dynamic provisioning -> Azure Disk object definition** - https://deploy-preview-28932--osdocs.netlify.app/openshift-enterprise/latest/storage/dynamic-provisioning.html#azure-file-definition_dynamic-provisioning - Updates doc to `volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer`: **Storage -> Dynamic provisioning -> Azure Disk object definition** - https://deploy-preview-28932--osdocs.netlify.app/openshift-enterprise/latest/storage/dynamic-provisioning.html#azure-disk-definition_dynamic-provisioning <issue_comment>username_0: @jsafrane PTAL for SME review and LMK if the "unsupported" wording accurately captures your recommendation. <issue_comment>username_0: @username_1 PTAL for QE review <issue_comment>username_1: @username_0 Thanks for the update, added some comments. <issue_comment>username_0: Thanks for the review, @username_1. I've addressed what I could but need further clarification on a few things from you and @jsafrane. <issue_comment>username_0: @openshift/team-documentation PTAL <issue_comment>username_0: /cherrypick enterprise-4.7 <issue_comment>username_0: /cherrypick enterprise-4.6

679

[ 128000, 27, 11407, 5011, 1822, 11407, 18104, 86379, 25, 426, 57, 7529, 24920, 15, 482, 2713, 35219, 5942, 538, 3169, 33307, 304, 27437, 198, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 510, 33, 57, 7529, 24920, 15, 9725, 2485, 1129, 2365, 19890, 17787, 9379, 916, 35275, 74332, 60114, 20970, 28, 7529, 24920, 15, 8, 47394, 21917, 311, 79164, 430, 1595, 15674, 25, 96658, 63, 304, 35219, 39968, 5942, 538, 374, 539, 7396, 555, 3816, 22050, 13, 7429, 11, 6177, 28782, 304, 35219, 2958, 311, 1005, 1595, 26116, 15409, 3720, 25, 38701, 5451, 31068, 63, 3304, 2520, 507, 7269, 220, 19, 13, 19, 10, 627, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 3146, 17809, 21709, 41591, 50, 68063, 881, 12, 25483, 5296, 430, 1595, 15674, 25, 96658, 63, 374, 539, 7396, 555, 3816, 22050, 2904, 334, 4226, 58999, 367, 6683, 1492, 15035, 6683, 1492, 35219, 39968, 1665, 7419, 334, 3788, 1129, 36894, 51981, 12, 17212, 843, 313, 437, 14452, 5181, 56600, 1632, 14, 25149, 48933, 49315, 9868, 34249, 31096, 35345, 367, 36826, 54445, 12, 21822, 2628, 2, 40595, 1773, 3267, 90150, 6467, 58999, 63895, 12, 21822, 881, 12, 25483, 5296, 430, 1595, 15674, 25, 96658, 63, 374, 539, 7396, 555, 3816, 22050, 2904, 334, 5913, 1492, 67644, 5942, 1701, 35219, 39968, 1492, 32406, 279, 35219, 5942, 538, 334, 482, 3788, 1129, 36894, 51981, 12, 17212, 843, 313, 437, 14452, 5181, 56600, 1632, 14, 25149, 48933, 49315, 9868, 34249, 54445, 4420, 14256, 24192, 4420, 14256, 63895, 12, 40595, 2628, 2, 16568, 40779, 12, 40595, 63895, 15144, 623, 14256, 63895, 12, 40595, 881, 12, 28600, 4733, 311, 1595, 26116, 15409, 3720, 25, 38701, 5451, 31068, 63, 2904, 334, 5913, 1492, 22648, 98156, 1492, 35219, 39968, 1665, 7419, 334, 482, 3788, 1129, 36894, 51981, 12, 17212, 843, 313, 437, 14452, 5181, 56600, 1632, 14, 25149, 48933, 49315, 9868, 34249, 54445, 3529, 5148, 10039, 13311, 287, 2628, 2, 40595, 14537, 90150, 47092, 10039, 13311, 287, 881, 12, 28600, 4733, 311, 1595, 26116, 15409, 3720, 25, 38701, 5451, 31068, 63, 2904, 334, 5913, 1492, 22648, 98156, 1492, 35219, 39968, 1665, 7419, 334, 482, 3788, 1129, 36894, 51981, 12, 17212, 843, 313, 437, 14452, 5181, 56600, 1632, 14, 25149, 48933, 49315, 9868, 34249, 54445, 3529, 5148, 10039, 13311, 287, 2628, 2, 40595, 1773, 3267, 90150, 47092, 10039, 13311, 287, 198, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 571, 2580, 64, 1658, 2194, 19932, 984, 369, 79867, 3477, 323, 445, 45240, 422, 279, 330, 82245, 1, 61327, 30357, 41255, 701, 28782, 627, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 571, 5223, 62, 16, 19932, 984, 369, 100116, 3477, 198, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 16, 25, 571, 5223, 62, 15, 11361, 369, 279, 2713, 11, 3779, 1063, 6170, 627, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 11361, 369, 279, 3477, 11, 571, 5223, 62, 16, 13, 358, 3077, 20669, 1148, 358, 1436, 719, 1205, 4726, 64784, 389, 264, 2478, 2574, 505, 499, 323, 571, 2580, 64, 1658, 2194, 627, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 571, 25149, 48933, 79115, 83333, 367, 19932, 984, 198, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 611, 331, 618, 1100, 875, 20790, 12, 19, 13, 22, 198, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 611, 331, 618, 1100, 875, 20790, 12, 19, 13, 21, 128001 ]

Anju Verma and Shlok Jhawar, Class 8 students who are pursuing their studies at Delhi Public School, Bangalore designed a robot which will help to locate the people who are trapped in disaster zones. The main reason behind designing the robot is that these students were deeply moved by the earthquake that occurred in Nepal in the year 2015. They felt sad that the rescue teams could not save many people who were trapped. In most of the cases, these rescue teams had risked their life and tried to save the people. Deeply moved by this incident, the students have decided to create a robot which will help the rescue teams in tracing out the trapped victims in disaster zones. The students have been working for the past one and half year to create the robot and achieved success. They tested the robot, and it gave positive results. They named their recovery and surveillance robot as Recon Rover. The robot consists of an infrared sensor which can pick up the presence of humans. It avoids obstacles through three ultrasonic sensors. It took one year and eight months to design the robot. They exhibited their plan to design the robot in the national instruments' annual design competition which took in 2015. The name of the competition is Niyantra 2015. After getting the positive response for their plan in the competition, the students have decided to design the surveillance robot and made it possible. When questioned about the aim of these two students, they revealed that they want to pursue robotics and engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

306

[ 128000, 2127, 8783, 6383, 1764, 323, 1443, 62031, 622, 71, 675, 277, 11, 3308, 220, 23, 4236, 889, 527, 34118, 872, 7978, 520, 22767, 3142, 6150, 11, 59225, 6319, 264, 12585, 902, 690, 1520, 311, 25539, 279, 1274, 889, 527, 31691, 304, 21426, 26467, 13, 578, 1925, 2944, 4920, 30829, 279, 12585, 374, 430, 1521, 4236, 1051, 17693, 7882, 555, 279, 38413, 430, 10222, 304, 50064, 304, 279, 1060, 220, 679, 20, 13, 2435, 6612, 12703, 430, 279, 17629, 7411, 1436, 539, 3665, 1690, 1274, 889, 1051, 31691, 13, 763, 1455, 315, 279, 5157, 11, 1521, 17629, 7411, 1047, 5326, 291, 872, 2324, 323, 6818, 311, 3665, 279, 1274, 627, 34564, 398, 7882, 555, 420, 10672, 11, 279, 4236, 617, 6773, 311, 1893, 264, 12585, 902, 690, 1520, 279, 17629, 7411, 304, 46515, 704, 279, 31691, 12697, 304, 21426, 26467, 13, 578, 4236, 617, 1027, 3318, 369, 279, 3347, 832, 323, 4376, 1060, 311, 1893, 279, 12585, 323, 17427, 2450, 13, 2435, 12793, 279, 12585, 11, 323, 433, 6688, 6928, 3135, 13, 2435, 7086, 872, 13654, 323, 22156, 12585, 439, 84081, 53276, 627, 791, 12585, 17610, 315, 459, 59141, 12271, 902, 649, 3820, 709, 279, 9546, 315, 12966, 13, 1102, 55952, 32116, 1555, 2380, 37232, 43375, 26148, 13, 1102, 3952, 832, 1060, 323, 8223, 4038, 311, 2955, 279, 12585, 13, 2435, 51713, 872, 3197, 311, 2955, 279, 12585, 304, 279, 5426, 24198, 6, 9974, 2955, 10937, 902, 3952, 304, 220, 679, 20, 13, 578, 836, 315, 279, 10937, 374, 22652, 8503, 2221, 220, 679, 20, 627, 6153, 3794, 279, 6928, 2077, 369, 872, 3197, 304, 279, 10937, 11, 279, 4236, 617, 6773, 311, 2955, 279, 22156, 12585, 323, 1903, 433, 3284, 627, 4599, 29440, 922, 279, 9395, 315, 1521, 1403, 4236, 11, 814, 10675, 430, 814, 1390, 311, 23564, 74706, 323, 15009, 520, 22108, 10181, 315, 12053, 320, 18836, 570, 128001 ]

A look at the history population and settlements of the pawnee indians The comanches were the first plains indians to use horses and relied heavily on the comanche began to raid these settlements, stealing pawnee women, who were. Plains indians: (pawnee, blackfoot indians attacked frontier settlements documents similar to native americanshandout. Pawnee indians the name is derived pawnee history some of the pawnee trace their origin to the southwest, some to the east population mooney (1928. From time to time this year we will take a look at some of of the pawnee indians the pawnee were massacre was that the pawnee nation was forced to. Nebraska historical marker: pawnee villages before the pawnee indians were placed on a at least 50 percent of the pawnee population died between 1825 and. A brief history of the indians of nebraska their first settlement in nebraska being near the mouth of the great nemaha river native american nations. Indian history contents part 1 indians of kansas and the paneassa (pawnee) long identified with the history of the settlement of the emigrant indians. Pawnee indians the pawnee indians when horse-riding apache indians began raiding the pawnee settlements the pawnee population has. The pawnee, reducing the population to pawnee/pawneehisthtm) pawnee indian history in kansas (. They dressed similarly to other plains indians whose people were being pushed by settlement the pawnee lands diminished in reduced by 1900 to a population. Sky chief of the pawnee tribe to what is now nebraska, the pawnee nation could boast of a population of some was an important event in the history of the. The pawnee was one of the earliest native american tribes to be described in the european historical record, and they were one of the largest groups to live and roam. Native americans the plains indian and the platte river pawnee in the context of the plains wars and expanding white settlement, absorbing indians into white. History assignment – the pawnee indians ways would be absorbed into the general population to others one might look into the perspective of the. The history of the pawnee indians olivia turner they had a population of about 10,000 people apache indians raided pawnee settlements. Pawnee indian museum state historic site this walled indian community with more than 40 large earth lodges and a winter population of 1,000 and look much like. History and stories of nebraska the pawnee nation lived in nebraska for many the pawnees were the most advanced in culture of any of the nebraska indians. Pawnee earth lodge buy tickets in the 1800s, settlements of up to fifty pawnee earth lodges dotted the plains of what is now nebraska today, this 38-foot-diameter. The pawnee indians are a native north american tribe now located in oklahoma. By 1900 the pawnee population had fallen to around (aka the chief whom they look upon) - pawnee native american history, native american indians, indian man. Facts about the pawnee indians a list of interesting facts about theses native american indian peoples history, culture, art, and more. - The pawnee (also paneassa, pari, pariki) are a caddoan-language native american tribe that historically lived along outlying tributaries of the missouri river: the. - The settlement they formed nearby became a trading post while the population of pawnee city may be considered small history of pawnee city. - Population history of indigenous threatened pawnee indians that if they didn't neutral lenape indian dignitaries during a peace settlement. - This combined with other factors such as dispossession from european/canadian settlements and numerous pawnee indians that if population history of. - What was the clothing of the pawnee indians a: quick answer pawnee women dressed in shirts made out of deerskin and large blouses us history q: what did. - Nebraska historical marker: pawnee from e nebraska history severely diminished the pawnee population a white man was found dead near a pawnee settlement. - The pawnee tribe had fought these other tribes for years the indians retaliated attempts at peaceful settlements resulted in payments of food.

921

[ 128000, 32, 1427, 520, 279, 3925, 7187, 323, 45704, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 198, 791, 470, 83281, 1051, 279, 1176, 78466, 1280, 5493, 311, 1005, 27928, 323, 41013, 17345, 389, 279, 470, 29097, 6137, 311, 25834, 1521, 45704, 11, 39098, 77938, 34191, 3278, 11, 889, 1051, 13, 63911, 1280, 5493, 25, 320, 79, 675, 34191, 11, 3776, 5447, 1280, 5493, 18855, 49100, 45704, 9477, 4528, 311, 10068, 66879, 598, 10888, 412, 13, 61071, 34191, 1280, 5493, 279, 836, 374, 14592, 77938, 34191, 3925, 1063, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 11917, 872, 6371, 311, 279, 54085, 11, 1063, 311, 279, 11226, 7187, 4647, 2596, 320, 5926, 23, 13, 5659, 892, 311, 892, 420, 1060, 584, 690, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 1063, 315, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 279, 77938, 34191, 1051, 49352, 574, 430, 279, 77938, 34191, 7140, 574, 9770, 311, 13, 38379, 13970, 11381, 25, 77938, 34191, 33889, 1603, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 1051, 9277, 389, 264, 520, 3325, 220, 1135, 3346, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 7187, 8636, 1990, 220, 10828, 20, 323, 13, 362, 10015, 3925, 315, 279, 1280, 5493, 315, 841, 34888, 872, 1176, 17516, 304, 841, 34888, 1694, 3221, 279, 11013, 315, 279, 2294, 24566, 13856, 15140, 10068, 39542, 17089, 627, 48664, 3925, 8970, 961, 220, 16, 1280, 5493, 315, 597, 14124, 323, 279, 38422, 56692, 320, 79, 675, 34191, 8, 1317, 11054, 449, 279, 3925, 315, 279, 17516, 315, 279, 991, 57119, 1280, 5493, 13, 61071, 34191, 1280, 5493, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 994, 15580, 12, 50780, 74506, 1280, 5493, 6137, 25834, 287, 279, 77938, 34191, 45704, 279, 77938, 34191, 7187, 706, 13, 578, 77938, 34191, 11, 18189, 279, 7187, 311, 77938, 34191, 4420, 675, 818, 2701, 380, 88472, 8, 77938, 34191, 43325, 3925, 304, 597, 14124, 30565, 2435, 26435, 30293, 311, 1023, 78466, 1280, 5493, 6832, 1274, 1051, 1694, 15753, 555, 17516, 279, 77938, 34191, 12098, 54182, 304, 11293, 555, 220, 7028, 15, 311, 264, 7187, 13, 15064, 10388, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 34671, 311, 1148, 374, 1457, 841, 34888, 11, 279, 77938, 34191, 7140, 1436, 59227, 315, 264, 7187, 315, 1063, 574, 459, 3062, 1567, 304, 279, 3925, 315, 279, 13, 578, 77938, 34191, 574, 832, 315, 279, 30758, 10068, 39542, 39503, 311, 387, 7633, 304, 279, 87019, 13970, 3335, 11, 323, 814, 1051, 832, 315, 279, 7928, 5315, 311, 3974, 323, 76067, 627, 21464, 66879, 598, 279, 78466, 43325, 323, 279, 46089, 668, 15140, 77938, 34191, 304, 279, 2317, 315, 279, 78466, 25981, 323, 24050, 4251, 17516, 11, 70275, 1280, 5493, 1139, 4251, 13, 11346, 16720, 1389, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 5627, 1053, 387, 42101, 1139, 279, 4689, 7187, 311, 3885, 832, 2643, 1427, 1139, 279, 13356, 315, 279, 627, 791, 3925, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 8492, 21475, 2543, 261, 814, 1047, 264, 7187, 315, 922, 220, 605, 11, 931, 1274, 74506, 1280, 5493, 79496, 77938, 34191, 45704, 13, 61071, 34191, 43325, 24925, 1614, 18526, 2816, 420, 289, 4841, 43325, 4029, 449, 810, 1109, 220, 1272, 3544, 9578, 36132, 4282, 323, 264, 12688, 7187, 315, 220, 16, 11, 931, 323, 1427, 1790, 1093, 13, 11346, 323, 7493, 315, 841, 34888, 279, 77938, 34191, 7140, 12439, 304, 841, 34888, 369, 1690, 279, 77938, 69819, 1051, 279, 1455, 11084, 304, 7829, 315, 904, 315, 279, 841, 34888, 1280, 5493, 13, 61071, 34191, 9578, 60891, 3780, 14741, 304, 279, 220, 5245, 15, 82, 11, 45704, 315, 709, 311, 33517, 77938, 34191, 9578, 36132, 4282, 59201, 279, 78466, 315, 1148, 374, 1457, 841, 34888, 3432, 11, 420, 220, 1987, 21117, 1773, 37144, 627, 791, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 527, 264, 10068, 10411, 39542, 34671, 1457, 7559, 304, 5509, 22863, 13, 3296, 220, 7028, 15, 279, 77938, 34191, 7187, 1047, 21536, 311, 2212, 320, 13637, 279, 10388, 8884, 814, 1427, 5304, 8, 482, 77938, 34191, 10068, 39542, 3925, 11, 10068, 39542, 1280, 5493, 11, 43325, 893, 627, 37, 11613, 922, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 264, 1160, 315, 7185, 13363, 922, 279, 9459, 10068, 39542, 43325, 32538, 3925, 11, 7829, 11, 1989, 11, 323, 810, 627, 12, 578, 77938, 34191, 320, 19171, 38422, 56692, 11, 68082, 11, 1370, 7723, 8, 527, 264, 272, 723, 78, 276, 44658, 10068, 39542, 34671, 430, 35901, 12439, 3235, 704, 6852, 14121, 332, 5548, 315, 279, 3194, 22185, 15140, 25, 279, 627, 12, 578, 17516, 814, 14454, 14373, 6244, 264, 11380, 1772, 1418, 279, 7187, 315, 77938, 34191, 3363, 1253, 387, 6646, 2678, 3925, 315, 77938, 34191, 3363, 627, 12, 40629, 3925, 315, 39678, 21699, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 430, 422, 814, 3287, 956, 21277, 2479, 2070, 43325, 28677, 275, 5548, 2391, 264, 9096, 17516, 627, 12, 1115, 11093, 449, 1023, 9547, 1778, 439, 54240, 6045, 505, 87019, 2971, 276, 10272, 45704, 323, 12387, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 430, 422, 7187, 3925, 315, 627, 12, 3639, 574, 279, 17895, 315, 279, 77938, 34191, 1280, 5493, 264, 25, 4062, 4320, 77938, 34191, 3278, 26435, 304, 37824, 1903, 704, 315, 409, 388, 8148, 323, 3544, 1529, 20340, 603, 3925, 2874, 25, 1148, 1550, 627, 12, 38379, 13970, 11381, 25, 77938, 34191, 505, 384, 841, 34888, 3925, 35906, 54182, 279, 77938, 34191, 7187, 264, 4251, 893, 574, 1766, 5710, 3221, 264, 77938, 34191, 17516, 627, 12, 578, 77938, 34191, 34671, 1047, 21095, 1521, 1023, 39503, 369, 1667, 279, 1280, 5493, 91155, 660, 13865, 520, 26733, 45704, 19543, 304, 14507, 315, 3691, 13, 128001 ]

Commercial steam propulsion had been around from the early 19th century, the first regular passenger service in Europe was established in 1812 with the Comet between Glasgow and Helensburgh. Following British innovations the Americans developed steam vessels for use on their extensive inland waterways and lakes which, among other things, was the only practicable way to gain access to vast tracts of previously inaccessible territory. In the U.K., inland waterways approached full development at about the same time as the development of the railways which offered greater commercial prospects rendering inland waterway steam transport redundant almost as soon as it was introduced. The real opportunity for steam in the Great Britain lay in reliable intercontinental, rather than merely coastal, shipping bearing in mind how much of the world map was then coloured pink. Before about 1815 steamers were neither strong enough nor sufficiently powerful to be of use in open sea. The first regular sea-going steamship was the Rob Roy on the Glasgow to Belfast route. Cross channel steam services were inaugurated in 1821 and longer-distance coastal services followed in rapid succession e.g. in 1822 the James Watt between Leith and London followed by the United Kingdom on the same route in 1826. Apart from passengers typical cargo might be salmon from Scotland and beer back. These developments were seen as such a success that even their Lordships at the Admiralty could not avoid drawing the inevitable conclusion that there was more to steam than hot air and commissioned the first Royal Navy steam ship, another Comet launched in 1822 but not entered on the Navy list till 1831. The more influential H.M.S. Lightning was launched in 1823 and remained in service for fifty years. In spite of these advances in steam, there was considerable opposition to its use, and not just from sailors. Steam engines had an unpleasant characteristic; they converted the boats in which they were fitted into potential floating bombs. In America, where far greater numbers of these vessels were used than in the U.K., between 1816 and 1848 no fewer than 233 exploded. Sail was still seen as an attractive alternative! In spite of the urgent need for more reliable and quicker communication between Britain and her increasingly far-flung empire, a request for the introduction of a steamer to carry mails from Malta to Corfu was rejected by Lord Melville, then First Lord of the Admiralty, because they “felt it their bounden duty, upon national and professional ground, to discourage to the utmost of their ability, the employment of steam vessels, as they considered that the introduction of steam was calculated to strike a fatal blow to the naval Supremacy of the Empire...thin end of the wedge...lead to similar demands...other departments.” Such thinking evidently goes with the turf. However, it was good for sail as it meant that in 1830 sailing ships in Britain still outnumbered steam ships by seventy to one. Steam propulsion did not really take off in shipping until the development of efficient compound engines in the 1860s. Thereafter its dominance was rapidly established and by 1900, precisely the time at which Dum finished his apprenticeship, the commercial sailing ship was essentially obsolete, even though they continued in use in some countries as late as the 1950s. However, the U.K. was one of the first nations to embrace the new steam technology wholeheartedly, and disposed of its sailing fleet early. Likewise, having served his time as an apprentice under sail, all the rest of Dum's ‘sailing’ was in steamers. The progress of steam was not smooth and linear; there was retrograde movement as in that of the Archimedes, a propeller driven steamer launched in about 1836 which, after defeating the paddle steamer H.M.S. Widgeon in a race in 1839, blew up her boiler, broke a crankshaft and ran ashore off Beachy Head all within a year for which she was punished by conversion into a sailing ship. Another example was the three iron ships the Bosphorus, the Hellespont and the Propontis which the General Screw Steam Shipping Co. specifically had built for taking emigrants to Australia. The venture failed so spectacularly that after the Government took on the ships they, too, were converted into sailers as late as the 1850s. Nor did sail give up without a struggle. Conrad wrote of the occasion on which the full rigged ship the Tweed in the 1860s beat the steam mail boat from Hong Kong to Singapore by a day and a half. This was exceptional even at the time and such victories became increasingly scarce. The Tweed moreover was an exceptional ship; imitation being the sincerest form of flattery, it is worth noting that the famous tea clippers Cutty Sark, Blackadder and Hallowe'en were all more or less modelled on the Tweed and all three were rated outstanding vessels in their day. Oustanding was generally synonymous with fast; fast ships tended to be wetter than slow ones. Nobody minded about that - apart from the men! Among the most pressing Imperial needs for faster transport was India. Round the Cape was slow - 120 to 180 days; via Suez, not the canal which did not open till 1869, but the Overland Route, was unreliable, expensive, unhealthy [plague, among other things, being endemic], not much quicker, and in any case not fully developed till after about 1830. The Overland Route had been used since ‘time immemorial’. Dhows between India and the Red Sea usually put in at Cosseir, as the prevailing winds made access further up the Suez impossible. From Cosseir people and goods went aboard camels and donkeys across the desert before boarding ship again on the Nile near Luxor and thence down to Cairo, Alexandria and the Mediterranean. This was not a journey for the faint-hearted. The introduction of steamers on some sections of the Nile shortened the time somewhat but brought no other solace. The introduction around 1838 of a flat-bottomed steamer called the Cairo considerably improved the overall time for the 250 mile trip from Alexandria to Suez to 78 hours including a 12 hour break in Cairo. Demand for this route became so great by the early 1840s that as many as 4,000 camels would be needed to convey one ship's complement of passengers and cargo, but it was still a costly transit and of necessity only justified transporting valuable and lightish commodities. By 1868, the year before the canal opened, the volume of trade via the Overland Route amounted to some £40 million a year, whereas P. & O. steamer traffic to the Eastern ports was put at some £110 million. The first attempt to establish an Indian service was in 1821 with a wooden paddle steamer, the Enterprise but taking 103 days from London to Calcutta condemned her thereafter to the ignominy of postal work between Calcutta and Burma. A good time under sail in the late 19th century from London to Calcutta was 80 days. A reasonable time was 90-95 days. 103 days was deemed unreasonable.

1,451

[ 128000, 60816, 20930, 91228, 1047, 1027, 2212, 505, 279, 4216, 220, 777, 339, 9478, 11, 279, 1176, 5912, 24023, 2532, 304, 4606, 574, 9749, 304, 220, 10562, 17, 449, 279, 99198, 1990, 43997, 323, 16183, 729, 18295, 13, 23548, 8013, 46045, 279, 9053, 8040, 20930, 31080, 369, 1005, 389, 872, 16781, 77289, 3090, 2336, 323, 44236, 902, 11, 4315, 1023, 2574, 11, 574, 279, 1193, 3856, 75438, 1648, 311, 8895, 2680, 311, 13057, 490, 11613, 315, 8767, 82828, 18455, 13, 763, 279, 549, 11606, 2637, 77289, 3090, 2336, 25735, 2539, 4500, 520, 922, 279, 1890, 892, 439, 279, 4500, 315, 279, 96247, 902, 9076, 7191, 8518, 27949, 21568, 77289, 3090, 3195, 20930, 7710, 48832, 4661, 439, 5246, 439, 433, 574, 11784, 627, 791, 1972, 6776, 369, 20930, 304, 279, 8681, 13527, 11203, 304, 15062, 958, 83951, 11, 4856, 1109, 16632, 35335, 11, 11862, 18534, 304, 4059, 1268, 1790, 315, 279, 1917, 2472, 574, 1243, 58919, 18718, 13, 13538, 922, 220, 10562, 20, 20930, 388, 1051, 14188, 3831, 3403, 6463, 40044, 8147, 311, 387, 315, 1005, 304, 1825, 9581, 13, 578, 1176, 5912, 9581, 65912, 20930, 5383, 574, 279, 4997, 11284, 389, 279, 43997, 311, 55339, 6149, 13, 11511, 5613, 20930, 3600, 1051, 82100, 660, 304, 220, 10828, 16, 323, 5129, 74908, 35335, 3600, 8272, 304, 11295, 50787, 384, 1326, 13, 304, 220, 10828, 17, 279, 7957, 60075, 1990, 2009, 411, 323, 7295, 8272, 555, 279, 3723, 15422, 389, 279, 1890, 6149, 304, 220, 10828, 21, 13, 35802, 505, 22961, 14595, 26735, 2643, 387, 41420, 505, 19627, 323, 13179, 1203, 13, 4314, 26006, 1051, 3970, 439, 1778, 264, 2450, 430, 1524, 872, 10425, 18143, 520, 279, 50569, 10231, 1436, 539, 5766, 13633, 279, 31352, 17102, 430, 1070, 574, 810, 311, 20930, 1109, 4106, 3805, 323, 44224, 279, 1176, 16591, 19574, 20930, 8448, 11, 2500, 99198, 11887, 304, 220, 10828, 17, 719, 539, 10862, 389, 279, 19574, 1160, 12222, 220, 10750, 16, 13, 578, 810, 32549, 473, 1345, 815, 13, 34944, 574, 11887, 304, 220, 10828, 18, 323, 14958, 304, 2532, 369, 33517, 1667, 627, 644, 34781, 315, 1521, 31003, 304, 20930, 11, 1070, 574, 24779, 14076, 311, 1202, 1005, 11, 323, 539, 1120, 505, 69938, 13, 22578, 21787, 1047, 459, 47989, 29683, 26, 814, 16489, 279, 32731, 304, 902, 814, 1051, 29441, 1139, 4754, 19596, 33606, 13, 763, 5270, 11, 1405, 3117, 7191, 5219, 315, 1521, 31080, 1051, 1511, 1109, 304, 279, 549, 11606, 2637, 1990, 220, 10562, 21, 323, 220, 10336, 23, 912, 17162, 1109, 220, 12994, 44913, 13, 58095, 574, 2103, 3970, 439, 459, 19411, 10778, 0, 763, 34781, 315, 279, 34771, 1205, 369, 810, 15062, 323, 39392, 10758, 1990, 13527, 323, 1077, 15098, 3117, 12556, 2234, 32447, 11, 264, 1715, 369, 279, 17219, 315, 264, 4179, 15589, 311, 6920, 86658, 505, 61750, 311, 4563, 33721, 574, 18010, 555, 10425, 11220, 8078, 11, 1243, 5629, 10425, 315, 279, 50569, 10231, 11, 1606, 814, 1054, 66922, 433, 872, 6965, 268, 14523, 11, 5304, 5426, 323, 6721, 5015, 11, 311, 66087, 311, 279, 54711, 315, 872, 5845, 11, 279, 14740, 315, 20930, 31080, 11, 439, 814, 6646, 430, 279, 17219, 315, 20930, 574, 16997, 311, 13471, 264, 19094, 12523, 311, 279, 46398, 6433, 1864, 2826, 315, 279, 21080, 1131, 64771, 842, 315, 279, 64785, 1131, 27152, 311, 4528, 18651, 1131, 1605, 26280, 2029, 15483, 7422, 67170, 5900, 449, 279, 60090, 13, 4452, 11, 433, 574, 1695, 369, 30503, 439, 433, 8967, 430, 304, 220, 10750, 15, 51129, 18198, 304, 13527, 2103, 85692, 291, 20930, 18198, 555, 71049, 311, 832, 627, 42744, 91228, 1550, 539, 2216, 1935, 1022, 304, 11862, 3156, 279, 4500, 315, 11297, 24549, 21787, 304, 279, 220, 9714, 15, 82, 13, 2684, 10924, 1202, 44592, 574, 19019, 9749, 323, 555, 220, 7028, 15, 11, 24559, 279, 892, 520, 902, 65082, 8220, 813, 72351, 2200, 11, 279, 8518, 51129, 8448, 574, 16168, 47166, 11, 1524, 3582, 814, 8738, 304, 1005, 304, 1063, 5961, 439, 3389, 439, 279, 220, 6280, 15, 82, 13, 4452, 11, 279, 549, 11606, 13, 574, 832, 315, 279, 1176, 17089, 311, 27830, 279, 502, 20930, 5557, 4459, 18207, 53423, 11, 323, 26655, 315, 1202, 51129, 26155, 4216, 13, 50487, 11, 3515, 10434, 813, 892, 439, 459, 83299, 1234, 30503, 11, 682, 279, 2800, 315, 65082, 596, 3451, 82, 14612, 529, 574, 304, 20930, 388, 627, 791, 5208, 315, 20930, 574, 539, 11113, 323, 13790, 26, 1070, 574, 17189, 7082, 7351, 439, 304, 430, 315, 279, 9683, 318, 59626, 11, 264, 2047, 7218, 16625, 4179, 15589, 11887, 304, 922, 220, 10750, 21, 902, 11, 1306, 54216, 279, 40403, 4179, 15589, 473, 1345, 815, 13, 468, 6614, 263, 304, 264, 7102, 304, 220, 10750, 24, 11, 42423, 709, 1077, 28725, 11, 14760, 264, 51358, 97513, 323, 10837, 24767, 461, 1022, 13011, 88, 11452, 682, 2949, 264, 1060, 369, 902, 1364, 574, 41998, 555, 14747, 1139, 264, 51129, 8448, 13, 13596, 3187, 574, 279, 2380, 11245, 18198, 279, 426, 24527, 30969, 11, 279, 16183, 645, 79, 546, 323, 279, 3998, 546, 285, 902, 279, 3331, 73275, 22578, 24907, 3623, 13, 11951, 1047, 5918, 369, 4737, 991, 71336, 311, 8494, 13, 578, 26255, 4745, 779, 28809, 398, 430, 1306, 279, 10423, 3952, 389, 279, 18198, 814, 11, 2288, 11, 1051, 16489, 1139, 30503, 388, 439, 3389, 439, 279, 220, 9741, 15, 82, 13, 8170, 1550, 30503, 3041, 709, 2085, 264, 14993, 13, 77089, 6267, 315, 279, 13402, 389, 902, 279, 2539, 81173, 8448, 279, 62798, 291, 304, 279, 220, 9714, 15, 82, 9567, 279, 20930, 8232, 15688, 505, 19730, 18711, 311, 21181, 555, 264, 1938, 323, 264, 4376, 13, 1115, 574, 25363, 1524, 520, 279, 892, 323, 1778, 46146, 6244, 15098, 59290, 13, 578, 62798, 291, 44643, 574, 459, 25363, 8448, 26, 87940, 1694, 279, 44149, 478, 1376, 315, 1344, 19187, 11, 433, 374, 5922, 27401, 430, 279, 11495, 15600, 1206, 32997, 20223, 1919, 79745, 11, 5348, 21473, 323, 473, 7331, 68, 41901, 1051, 682, 810, 477, 2753, 1646, 839, 389, 279, 62798, 291, 323, 682, 2380, 1051, 22359, 19310, 31080, 304, 872, 1938, 13, 507, 592, 26673, 574, 8965, 69593, 449, 5043, 26, 5043, 18198, 49890, 311, 387, 14739, 466, 1109, 6435, 6305, 13, 37558, 61267, 922, 430, 482, 10980, 505, 279, 3026, 4999, 34710, 279, 1455, 26422, 31013, 3966, 369, 10819, 7710, 574, 6890, 13, 17535, 279, 29715, 574, 6435, 482, 220, 4364, 311, 220, 5245, 2919, 26, 4669, 328, 28700, 11, 539, 279, 40021, 902, 1550, 539, 1825, 12222, 220, 9714, 24, 11, 719, 279, 6193, 1974, 9767, 11, 574, 67129, 11, 11646, 11, 53808, 510, 501, 4768, 11, 4315, 1023, 2574, 11, 1694, 96013, 1145, 539, 1790, 39392, 11, 323, 304, 904, 1162, 539, 7373, 8040, 12222, 1306, 922, 220, 10750, 15, 13, 578, 6193, 1974, 9767, 1047, 1027, 1511, 2533, 3451, 1712, 4998, 336, 22676, 24535, 44327, 4336, 1990, 6890, 323, 279, 3816, 15379, 6118, 2231, 304, 520, 18606, 325, 404, 11, 439, 279, 61129, 29592, 1903, 2680, 4726, 709, 279, 328, 28700, 12266, 13, 5659, 18606, 325, 404, 1274, 323, 11822, 4024, 37606, 6730, 2053, 323, 1541, 10786, 4028, 279, 24521, 1603, 50069, 8448, 1578, 389, 279, 77290, 3221, 27466, 269, 323, 270, 768, 1523, 311, 53650, 11, 57233, 323, 279, 38785, 13, 1115, 574, 539, 264, 11879, 369, 279, 38678, 70395, 13, 578, 17219, 315, 20930, 388, 389, 1063, 14491, 315, 279, 77290, 66663, 279, 892, 14738, 719, 7263, 912, 1023, 2092, 580, 13, 578, 17219, 2212, 220, 10750, 23, 315, 264, 10269, 11635, 291, 4179, 15589, 2663, 279, 53650, 33452, 13241, 279, 8244, 892, 369, 279, 220, 5154, 14929, 8577, 505, 57233, 311, 328, 28700, 311, 220, 2495, 4207, 2737, 264, 220, 717, 6596, 1464, 304, 53650, 627, 82127, 369, 420, 6149, 6244, 779, 2294, 555, 279, 4216, 220, 10336, 15, 82, 430, 439, 1690, 439, 220, 19, 11, 931, 6730, 2053, 1053, 387, 4460, 311, 20599, 832, 8448, 596, 23606, 315, 22961, 323, 26735, 11, 719, 433, 574, 2103, 264, 34348, 25032, 323, 315, 32961, 1193, 35516, 67757, 15525, 323, 3177, 819, 51967, 13, 3296, 220, 9714, 23, 11, 279, 1060, 1603, 279, 40021, 9107, 11, 279, 8286, 315, 6696, 4669, 279, 6193, 1974, 9767, 74319, 311, 1063, 7083, 1272, 3610, 264, 1060, 11, 20444, 393, 13, 612, 507, 13, 4179, 15589, 9629, 311, 279, 18516, 20946, 574, 2231, 520, 1063, 7083, 5120, 3610, 13, 578, 1176, 4879, 311, 5813, 459, 7904, 2532, 574, 304, 220, 10828, 16, 449, 264, 23162, 40403, 4179, 15589, 11, 279, 26551, 719, 4737, 220, 6889, 2919, 505, 7295, 311, 3400, 10453, 2629, 39025, 1077, 46095, 311, 279, 5335, 316, 6577, 315, 40854, 990, 1990, 3400, 10453, 2629, 323, 92671, 13, 362, 1695, 892, 1234, 30503, 304, 279, 3389, 220, 777, 339, 9478, 505, 7295, 311, 3400, 10453, 2629, 574, 220, 1490, 2919, 13, 362, 13579, 892, 574, 220, 1954, 12, 2721, 2919, 13, 220, 6889, 2919, 574, 25660, 59525, 13, 128001 ]

One of the features of the M1 is that it is a RISC-based chip, designed using the ARM instruction set. This means that it has more in common with the chips commonly found in smartphones and tablets than those typically used in desktops or laptops. This already makes the M1 unusual, but it’s not unique. Microsoft Surface Pro X also uses a custom ARM chip, co-designed with Qualcomm, called SQ2. At first glance, these processors are similar: the SQ2 and M1 both use a 4 + 4 core design with a mix of high and low power cores, they both have 16 GB of RAM and they are designed as an SoC or a “system-on-a-chip,” which means that all of the components that you typically find on a computer are integrated into a single chip. There, the similarities end. Not only is the M1 much faster than the SQ2, but Apple has pulled off a pretty amazing feat when it comes to emulation. Their Rosetta 2 emulator allows you to run pretty much any software that runs on an Intel mac, with a slight loss of performance. Windows also has an emulator, but in our experience it’s slow, buggy, and limited to 32-bit apps (at the moment). Traditionally, there have been real hardware reasons why running Intel or AMD software on an ARM chip is slow, which makes Apple’s achievement all the more impressive. In this episode, we test the M1 against the SQ2 and an Intel Macbook Pro, and take a look at how Apple achieved such good emulator performance. In the next episode, we’ll get into the architecture itself to explain how the M1 is so fast.

358

[ 128000, 4054, 315, 279, 4519, 315, 279, 386, 16, 374, 430, 433, 374, 264, 432, 28729, 6108, 16797, 11, 6319, 1701, 279, 31586, 7754, 743, 13, 1115, 3445, 430, 433, 706, 810, 304, 4279, 449, 279, 24512, 17037, 1766, 304, 36122, 323, 29679, 1109, 1884, 11383, 1511, 304, 17963, 82, 477, 48985, 13, 1115, 2736, 3727, 279, 386, 16, 19018, 11, 719, 433, 753, 539, 5016, 13, 5210, 28061, 1322, 1630, 1101, 5829, 264, 2587, 31586, 16797, 11, 1080, 69956, 449, 62502, 11, 2663, 52718, 17, 13, 2468, 1176, 34522, 11, 1521, 37686, 527, 4528, 25, 279, 52718, 17, 323, 386, 16, 2225, 1005, 264, 220, 19, 489, 220, 19, 6332, 2955, 449, 264, 6651, 315, 1579, 323, 3428, 2410, 36804, 11, 814, 2225, 617, 220, 845, 19397, 315, 22813, 323, 814, 527, 6319, 439, 459, 2100, 34, 477, 264, 1054, 9125, 10539, 7561, 11843, 575, 2476, 902, 3445, 430, 682, 315, 279, 6956, 430, 499, 11383, 1505, 389, 264, 6500, 527, 18751, 1139, 264, 3254, 16797, 627, 3947, 11, 279, 43874, 842, 13, 2876, 1193, 374, 279, 386, 16, 1790, 10819, 1109, 279, 52718, 17, 11, 719, 8325, 706, 13541, 1022, 264, 5128, 8056, 12627, 994, 433, 4131, 311, 79941, 13, 11205, 16870, 27625, 220, 17, 59616, 6276, 499, 311, 1629, 5128, 1790, 904, 3241, 430, 8640, 389, 459, 15984, 9155, 11, 449, 264, 8275, 4814, 315, 5178, 13, 5632, 1101, 706, 459, 59616, 11, 719, 304, 1057, 3217, 433, 753, 6435, 11, 80411, 11, 323, 7347, 311, 220, 843, 15615, 10721, 320, 266, 279, 4545, 4390, 43934, 17868, 11, 1070, 617, 1027, 1972, 12035, 8125, 3249, 4401, 15984, 477, 25300, 3241, 389, 459, 31586, 16797, 374, 6435, 11, 902, 3727, 8325, 753, 26501, 682, 279, 810, 16358, 13, 763, 420, 9417, 11, 584, 1296, 279, 386, 16, 2403, 279, 52718, 17, 323, 459, 15984, 7553, 2239, 1322, 11, 323, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 1268, 8325, 17427, 1778, 1695, 59616, 5178, 13, 763, 279, 1828, 9417, 11, 584, 4805, 636, 1139, 279, 18112, 5196, 311, 10552, 1268, 279, 386, 16, 374, 779, 5043, 13, 128001 ]

Stoa Goes Weird’s harvest celebration on 19 August invites you to celebrate the coming autumn and the harvest season. As part of the Poetry Moon program, poets Nihkee Akka (Jonna Nummela) and Juho Kuusi will perform their water-themed dialogue poem Ilman vettä ei about kindness. The text is written with exchanging letters as messages in the bottles. At the performance, poets think about responsibility and possibility to like and take care of oneself, each other and the world. The event is free on charge. Please check our safety instructions and safer space guidelines here.

129

[ 128000, 626, 20103, 61261, 77253, 753, 24322, 25960, 389, 220, 777, 6287, 45510, 499, 311, 18890, 279, 5108, 42774, 323, 279, 24322, 3280, 13, 1666, 961, 315, 279, 68787, 17781, 2068, 11, 74072, 452, 7141, 22575, 16762, 4657, 320, 41, 13767, 16610, 76, 8458, 8, 323, 22410, 6292, 33479, 53913, 690, 2804, 872, 3090, 57689, 21976, 33894, 7695, 1543, 348, 7211, 2357, 30529, 922, 45972, 13, 578, 1495, 374, 5439, 449, 79531, 12197, 439, 6743, 304, 279, 27474, 13, 2468, 279, 5178, 11, 74072, 1781, 922, 12014, 323, 13336, 311, 1093, 323, 1935, 2512, 315, 57669, 11, 1855, 1023, 323, 279, 1917, 627, 791, 1567, 374, 1949, 389, 6900, 627, 5618, 1817, 1057, 7296, 11470, 323, 30549, 3634, 17959, 1618, 627, 128001 ]

familiars In folklore, low-ranking demons in constant attention to witches for the purpose of carrying out spELLs and bewitchments. Familiars usually assumed animal forms—cats, TOADs, OWLs, mice and dogs were the most common—though virtually any animal or insect could be suspected. In witchcraft trials, if so much as a fly buzzed in the window while a witch was being questioned or tried, it was said to be her familiar. The inquisitors took the Bible to heart: those who had familiars were "an abomination unto the Lord" (Deut. 23:10-12) and should be "put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them" (Lev. 20:27). Familiars—also called imps—were said to be given to witches by the DEVIL or bought or inherited from other witches. A witch could have several of them. Cats were the favored forms, especially black ones. The fear that all cats were witches' familiars was one of the reasons for cat massacres that swept through medieval Europe. Familiars were given names like any household pets, which most of them undoubtedly were. One 16th-century Essex woman accused of witchcraft admitted that she had three familiars in the form of mice: Littleman, Prettyman and Daynty. Another had four mice named Prickeare, James, Robyn and Sparrow. Elizabeth Clark, the first victim of MATTHEW Hopkins, England's great witch-hunter of the 17th century, confessed to having five familiars, including unearthly ones: Holt, a kitten; Jamara, a fat, legless spaniel; Sack and Sugar, a black rabbit; Newes, a polecat; and Vinegar Tom, a long-legged, greyhoundlike creature with an ox's head and broad eyes, which could turn itself into a headless four-year-old child. Other familiars named in trials included Grizel, Greedigut, Peck in the Crown and Elemauzer. Perhaps the best-known familiar name is Pyewackett, the monicker of the witch's cat in the movie Bell, Book and Candle, and a name that dates to Renaissance England. Pyewackett, Hopkins stated, was a name "no mortal could invent." Witches were said to take great care of their familiars. As Emile Grillot de Givry described in Witchcraft, Magic and Alchemy (1931) "they baptized their toads, dressed them in black velvet, put little bells on their paws and made them dance." Familiars were dispatched to bewitch people and animals into sickness and death. They also protected their witches. In return, witches gave them what they craved: BLOOD. ALICE KYTELER of Kilkenny, Ireland, convicted as a witch in 1324, confessed (or perhaps Was this article helpful? Tap into your inner power today. Discover The Untold Secrets Used By Experts To Tap Into The Power Of Your Inner Personality Help You Unleash Your Full Potential. Finally You Can Fully Equip Yourself With These “Must Have” Personality Finding Tools For Creating Your Ideal Lifestyle.

679

[ 128000, 69, 309, 4008, 1590, 763, 98969, 11, 3428, 72539, 45075, 304, 6926, 6666, 311, 81262, 369, 279, 7580, 315, 15691, 704, 993, 19659, 82, 323, 28054, 1641, 1392, 13, 34701, 4008, 1590, 6118, 19655, 10065, 7739, 2345, 38552, 11, 5257, 1846, 82, 11, 29969, 43, 82, 11, 24548, 323, 12875, 1051, 279, 1455, 4279, 2345, 4636, 21907, 904, 10065, 477, 27080, 1436, 387, 24740, 13, 763, 37482, 7868, 19622, 11, 422, 779, 1790, 439, 264, 11722, 31527, 291, 304, 279, 3321, 1418, 264, 37482, 574, 1694, 29440, 477, 6818, 11, 433, 574, 1071, 311, 387, 1077, 11537, 13, 578, 304, 9383, 12170, 3952, 279, 17377, 311, 4851, 25, 1884, 889, 1047, 2138, 4008, 1590, 1051, 198, 1, 276, 671, 81480, 30449, 279, 10425, 1, 320, 1951, 332, 13, 220, 1419, 25, 605, 12, 717, 8, 323, 1288, 387, 330, 631, 311, 4648, 25, 814, 4985, 9998, 1124, 449, 27302, 25, 872, 6680, 4985, 387, 5304, 1124, 1, 320, 2356, 85, 13, 220, 508, 25, 1544, 4390, 37, 309, 4008, 1590, 2345, 19171, 2663, 737, 1725, 2345, 52898, 1071, 311, 387, 2728, 311, 81262, 555, 279, 51995, 1750, 477, 11021, 477, 28088, 505, 1023, 81262, 13, 362, 37482, 1436, 617, 3892, 315, 1124, 13, 51849, 1051, 279, 46603, 7739, 11, 5423, 3776, 6305, 13, 578, 8850, 430, 682, 19987, 1051, 81262, 6, 2138, 4008, 1590, 574, 832, 315, 279, 8125, 369, 8415, 91158, 417, 430, 41323, 1555, 42108, 4606, 627, 37, 309, 4008, 1590, 1051, 2728, 5144, 1093, 904, 14048, 26159, 11, 902, 1455, 315, 1124, 38048, 1051, 13, 3861, 220, 845, 339, 34457, 64158, 5333, 13487, 315, 37482, 7868, 16584, 430, 1364, 1047, 2380, 2138, 4008, 1590, 304, 279, 1376, 315, 24548, 25, 15013, 1543, 11, 36416, 1543, 323, 6187, 41933, 13, 13596, 1047, 3116, 24548, 7086, 393, 2265, 441, 548, 11, 7957, 11, 4997, 1910, 323, 70906, 654, 13, 21393, 22010, 11, 279, 1176, 11996, 315, 25832, 17673, 54, 45316, 11, 9635, 596, 2294, 37482, 2902, 30259, 315, 279, 220, 1114, 339, 9478, 11, 63417, 311, 3515, 4330, 2138, 4008, 1590, 11, 2737, 79675, 398, 6305, 25, 60006, 11, 264, 77757, 26, 20614, 5169, 11, 264, 8834, 11, 2531, 1752, 9575, 13327, 26, 328, 474, 323, 32019, 11, 264, 3776, 39824, 26, 1561, 288, 11, 264, 26078, 4719, 26, 323, 50795, 12440, 8529, 11, 264, 1317, 95364, 11, 20366, 76196, 4908, 17661, 449, 459, 19488, 596, 2010, 323, 7353, 6548, 11, 902, 1436, 2543, 5196, 1139, 264, 2010, 1752, 3116, 4771, 6418, 1716, 13, 7089, 2138, 4008, 1590, 7086, 304, 19622, 5343, 2895, 450, 301, 11, 13842, 291, 343, 332, 11, 5250, 377, 304, 279, 29743, 323, 27039, 1764, 5308, 261, 13, 19292, 279, 1888, 22015, 11537, 836, 374, 5468, 365, 5827, 83, 11, 279, 1647, 5327, 315, 279, 37482, 596, 8415, 304, 279, 5818, 18366, 11, 6017, 323, 73997, 11, 323, 264, 836, 430, 13003, 311, 55383, 9635, 13, 5468, 365, 5827, 83, 11, 45316, 11224, 11, 574, 264, 836, 330, 2201, 49972, 1436, 17459, 10246, 54, 26286, 1051, 1071, 311, 1935, 2294, 2512, 315, 872, 2138, 4008, 1590, 13, 1666, 5867, 458, 50948, 354, 409, 480, 344, 894, 7633, 304, 39450, 7868, 11, 15852, 323, 1708, 25055, 320, 7285, 16, 8, 330, 20670, 90225, 872, 311, 7819, 11, 26435, 1124, 304, 3776, 72426, 11, 2231, 2697, 61794, 389, 872, 281, 8805, 323, 1903, 1124, 15612, 1210, 34701, 4008, 1590, 1051, 50251, 311, 28054, 1641, 1274, 323, 10099, 1139, 54950, 323, 4648, 13, 2435, 1101, 2682, 872, 81262, 13, 763, 471, 11, 81262, 6688, 1124, 1148, 814, 1589, 4234, 25, 426, 90731, 13, 8927, 5604, 735, 42735, 28868, 315, 735, 34263, 18314, 11, 14990, 11, 23959, 439, 264, 37482, 304, 220, 9413, 19, 11, 63417, 320, 269, 8530, 198, 27125, 420, 4652, 11190, 5380, 24821, 1139, 701, 9358, 2410, 3432, 13, 34039, 578, 15448, 820, 53179, 12477, 3296, 51859, 2057, 37234, 32745, 578, 7572, 5046, 4718, 37456, 65915, 11736, 1472, 1252, 273, 1003, 4718, 8797, 55057, 13, 17830, 1472, 3053, 49256, 70814, 60005, 3161, 4314, 1054, 32876, 12522, 863, 65915, 43897, 14173, 1789, 32406, 4718, 49527, 69256, 13, 128001 ]

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: Support for Excel Named Cells, Ranges, and Tables username_0: This would be useful in the case where the dimensions of the range can vary from worksheet to worksheet or workbook to workbook, but the range is still consistently named. Another case is where the range desired is a named Excel Table. https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Define-and-use-names-in-formulas-4d0f13ac-53b7-422e-afd2-abd7ff379c64<issue_closed> <issue_comment>username_1: Covered by #317 🙂, where I also speculate on what the future interface might be.

167

[ 128000, 27, 11407, 5011, 1822, 11407, 18104, 86379, 25, 9365, 369, 21705, 41559, 59190, 11, 432, 5637, 11, 323, 43252, 198, 5223, 62, 15, 25, 1115, 1053, 387, 5505, 304, 279, 1162, 1405, 279, 15696, 315, 279, 2134, 649, 13592, 505, 37736, 311, 37736, 477, 46255, 311, 46255, 11, 719, 279, 2134, 374, 2103, 21356, 7086, 13, 13596, 1162, 374, 1405, 279, 2134, 12974, 374, 264, 7086, 21705, 6771, 18304, 2485, 1129, 24249, 100193, 916, 13920, 26766, 39281, 14, 36438, 9976, 25700, 90144, 3502, 8627, 26622, 12, 19, 67, 15, 69, 1032, 582, 12, 4331, 65, 22, 12, 16460, 68, 12, 93239, 17, 39130, 67, 22, 544, 19867, 66, 1227, 27, 11407, 45797, 397, 27, 11407, 18104, 29, 5223, 62, 16, 25, 73295, 555, 674, 16718, 28584, 11, 1405, 358, 1101, 64601, 389, 1148, 279, 3938, 3834, 2643, 387, 13, 128001 ]

In The Origins of Fairness, which reminds us of the title of Darwin’s seminal work, Nicolas Baumard, a research scholar in the Department of Cognitive Sciences at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, articulates a compelling and convincing thesis that morality is based on an evolved moral sense, and this innate and universal sense of morality is based on mutualistic logic, “the attempt to make the interaction mutually respectful of the interests of all” (p. 109). In other words, throughout the book Baumard argues that the moral sense, as the impartial consideration of each person’s interest, is produced by selective pressures. Read the rest of review here. Pazhoohi, F. (2018). On the Origin of Fairness and Cooperation. Human Ethology Bulletin, 33(1), 49-52. https://doi.org/10.22330/heb/331/049-052 In For Whose Benefit?: The Biological and Cultural Evolution of Human Cooperation, Patrik Lindenfors an associate professor of zoological ecology at Centre for the study of Cultural Evolution, Stockholm University, poses the question of for whose benefit we cooperate with each other, and throughout the book tries to find an answer. Pazhoohi, F. & Arantes, J. (2018). For Whose Benefit? The Biological and Cultural Evolution of Human Cooperation. Evolutionary Psychological Science : https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-018-0138-8 Nothing would be more interesting than reading a book on men aging by the author who is an expert on comparative male life histories. Richard G. Bribiescas is a Professor of Anthropology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Yale University, and has conducted research in evolutionary biology and endocrinology of human, as well as comparative studies on reproduction, growth, aging, and metabolism for many years. He is well-known for his research on male aging and reproductive senescence. In the first chapter, Bribiescas explains what this book is all about and why Darwinian evolutionary theory is needed to gain a deeper understanding of male health, illness and aging. Additionally, he explains why it is important to consider aging across species and cross- culturally. While Bribiescas briefly explains how natural selection works, defines what he means by aging and concepts such as aging, life history theory and adaptation, he also lists the contents of the book by highlighting the points that he is going to extend in the upcoming chapters. By implanting the seed of curiosity in the reader’s mind during the first chapter, Bribiescas begins the second chapter by explaining why aging happens from a biological perspective. … Read the rest here. Pazhoohi, F. & Arantes, J. (2017). Book Review: How Men Age: What Evolution Reveals about Male Health and Mortality Frontiers in Psychology : 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00894 Decision-making is the cognitive process of choosing a preferred option from among a set of options (Wilson and Keil 2001). Decision-making is present through every aspect of life, and making good decisions for every important occasion during lifetime is a human being’s constant endeavor (Garnham 2016). Historically, religion and philosophy have been the only domains not only acting as gateways for explaining the meaning of life (McGhee 1992) but also acting as guidelines for facilitating and directing human important decisions during lifetime. Darwinian evolution by natural selection is regarded as another gateway capable of explaining the existence and meaning of life (Dawkins 1986). Menelaos Apostolou, Assistant Professor at the University of Nicosia, in his book, Feeling Good: An Evolutionary Perspective on Life Choices, explores human decision-making from the perspective of Darwinian evolutionary science by addressing the question of how to live a life characterized by more positive than negative feelings. The book begins by criticizing philosophy’s inability to direct humans toward a happy life, simply because philosophy has had very little knowledge on human nature and mind. Instead, Apostolou acknowledges the work of Darwin and Wallace and the subsequent advancement in understanding human nature done by evolutionary theory. In general, in this book he argues that based on genetic makeup and environmental conditions, individuals should make decisions in their daily life that increase the chance of survival and reproduction. Read the rest here Pazhoohi, F., & Arantes, J. (2016). How to Live a Life with More Positive Than Negative Feelings? A Review of Menelaos Apostolou, Feeling Good: An Evolutionary Perspective on Life Choices Evolutionary Psychological Science DOI: 10.1007/s40806-016-0069-1 In their book The Parasite-Stress Theory of Values and Sociality, Randy Thornhill, Distinguished Professor at The University of New Mexico, and Corey L. Fincher, Assistant Professor at University of Warwick, present a new interpretation of human values and cultural behaviors, on the basis of ecological variations in parasite-stress prevalence across and within nations. Before delineating their theory in upcoming chapters, in the second chapter Thornhill and Fincher discuss their philosophical viewpoints on scientific investigation in general, and evolutionary science in particular. First, the chapter compares philosophical and scientific methods of knowing, concerning exploration of the universe and its function. In particular, in this chapter the authors challenge philosophical aesthetics and argue that pure philosophical reasoning cannot discover causes of nature without scientific testing. The authors further argue that due to personal differences in values (biased common sense, intuition, and emotional validation of ideas), human pure reasoning, thinking, and deduction are biased, and that aesthetic philosophy cannot empirically falsify or verify hypotheses. They also argue that all areas of science that deal with life and living beings are evolutionary in essence, and that humans are evolved animals and living beings—hence, that all studies of humans are evolutionary and biological studies. … Click here to read the rest. Pazhoohi, F. (2016). The Parasite-Stress Theory of Values and Sociality, Infectious Disease, History and Human Values Worldwide (Book Review) Canadian Studies in Population, 43 (1-2), 155-157 Mary Jo Maynes, Professor of History at the University of Minnesota, and Ann Waltner, Professor of History and Director of the Institute for Advanced Study, University of Minnesota, briefly explore the notion of family across the ages in their concise book, The Family: A World History. Rather than tell the rise and fall of empires, the authors put the family at the center of their world historical story. Their main thesis in this book is that family construction is not natural, but instead is socially and historically constructed and these structures change over time in relation to social and political processes. The authors claim that the family structures affect the social, political and economical aspects of society and that in all places households have been and are the basic units of production, consumption and ritual. The authors write, “Cultural capital and religious values are also transmitted within families; families shape individual and collective predisposition and destinies. Arrangements made by and within families (such as marriage choices, or bequests of property, or decisions about educating children) contribute to social dynamism or stability, alongside and sometimes even more powerfully than economic systems, government policies, or intellectual movements” (X). For more click here Language is a unique feature of human beings. In addition to having the ability to use language, humans can conjecture about language consciously and even create realistic constructed languages from scratch. In How the brain got language, Michael A. Arbib, whose work has been influential in shaping the field of computational neuroscience, addresses the title question by exploring the multimodality of language and the Mirror System Hypothesis. Arbib, a pioneering scientist who links computer science and neuroscience, argues in this volume that an interdisciplinary approach is needed to solve the problem of language evolution as it is “a puzzle of many pieces” (p. 4). He proposes an approach to the question of language evolution that differs from that of other linguists. He hypothesizes that language perception and production emerged from brain mechanisms that evolved to mediate practical non-communicative actions. This stands in contrast to the “speech-only” view of language evolution held by many scholars who consider the evolution from monkey vocalizations to human speech to be “purely in the vocal-auditory domain, without any role for gesture” (p. 179). He specifically argues for the importance of manual gestures for the evolution of the language-ready brain; these processes equipped early Homo Sapiens with the brain mechanisms that allow modern humans to learn languages. Click here to read more.

1,820

[ 128000, 644, 578, 70591, 315, 14930, 2136, 11, 902, 35710, 603, 315, 279, 2316, 315, 45480, 753, 90773, 990, 11, 52836, 83320, 569, 11, 264, 3495, 18640, 304, 279, 6011, 315, 73235, 23199, 520, 279, 29124, 56745, 20935, 1604, 6433, 35285, 554, 304, 12366, 11, 28664, 24031, 264, 29722, 323, 40661, 17850, 430, 45651, 374, 3196, 389, 459, 28995, 16033, 5647, 11, 323, 420, 65070, 323, 20789, 5647, 315, 45651, 374, 3196, 389, 27848, 4633, 12496, 11, 1054, 1820, 4879, 311, 1304, 279, 16628, 53579, 49150, 315, 279, 12034, 315, 682, 863, 320, 79, 13, 220, 7743, 570, 763, 1023, 4339, 11, 6957, 279, 2363, 83320, 569, 29633, 430, 279, 16033, 5647, 11, 439, 279, 68824, 18361, 315, 1855, 1732, 753, 2802, 11, 374, 9124, 555, 44010, 40850, 13, 4557, 279, 2800, 315, 3477, 1618, 627, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 13, 320, 679, 23, 570, 1952, 279, 17554, 315, 14930, 2136, 323, 73808, 13, 11344, 14693, 2508, 61063, 11, 220, 1644, 7, 16, 705, 220, 2491, 12, 4103, 13, 3788, 1129, 48886, 2726, 14, 605, 13, 12533, 966, 78156, 65, 14, 16707, 14, 25307, 12, 24130, 198, 644, 1789, 1254, 974, 67450, 4925, 578, 63711, 323, 41333, 38321, 315, 11344, 73808, 11, 23860, 74, 100165, 69, 1105, 459, 22712, 14561, 315, 19263, 5848, 72546, 520, 14821, 369, 279, 4007, 315, 41333, 38321, 11, 53182, 3907, 11, 34103, 279, 3488, 315, 369, 6832, 8935, 584, 47903, 449, 1855, 1023, 11, 323, 6957, 279, 2363, 16696, 311, 1505, 459, 4320, 627, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 13, 612, 1676, 15844, 11, 622, 13, 320, 679, 23, 570, 1789, 1254, 974, 67450, 30, 578, 63711, 323, 41333, 38321, 315, 11344, 73808, 13, 38321, 661, 70069, 10170, 551, 3788, 1129, 48886, 2726, 14, 605, 13, 1041, 22, 2754, 18058, 2705, 12, 16745, 12, 16368, 23, 12, 23, 198, 24714, 1053, 387, 810, 7185, 1109, 5403, 264, 2363, 389, 3026, 30084, 555, 279, 3229, 889, 374, 459, 6335, 389, 55394, 8762, 2324, 53210, 13, 12131, 480, 13, 426, 1936, 552, 25295, 374, 264, 17054, 315, 70384, 2508, 11, 78375, 323, 38321, 661, 40023, 520, 44552, 3907, 11, 323, 706, 13375, 3495, 304, 41993, 34458, 323, 842, 91153, 2508, 315, 3823, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 55394, 7978, 389, 39656, 11, 6650, 11, 30084, 11, 323, 39097, 369, 1690, 1667, 13, 1283, 374, 1664, 22015, 369, 813, 3495, 389, 8762, 30084, 323, 42889, 6252, 3380, 768, 627, 644, 279, 1176, 12735, 11, 426, 1936, 552, 25295, 15100, 1148, 420, 2363, 374, 682, 922, 323, 3249, 45480, 1122, 41993, 10334, 374, 4460, 311, 8895, 264, 19662, 8830, 315, 8762, 2890, 11, 17563, 323, 30084, 13, 23212, 11, 568, 15100, 3249, 433, 374, 3062, 311, 2980, 30084, 4028, 9606, 323, 5425, 12, 66963, 13, 6104, 426, 1936, 552, 25295, 27851, 15100, 1268, 5933, 6727, 4375, 11, 19170, 1148, 568, 3445, 555, 30084, 323, 19476, 1778, 439, 30084, 11, 2324, 3925, 10334, 323, 34185, 11, 568, 1101, 11725, 279, 8970, 315, 279, 2363, 555, 39686, 279, 3585, 430, 568, 374, 2133, 311, 13334, 304, 279, 14827, 30732, 627, 1383, 46460, 287, 279, 10533, 315, 41328, 304, 279, 6742, 753, 4059, 2391, 279, 1176, 12735, 11, 426, 1936, 552, 25295, 12302, 279, 2132, 12735, 555, 26073, 3249, 30084, 8741, 505, 264, 24156, 13356, 13, 4696, 4557, 279, 2800, 1618, 627, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 13, 612, 1676, 15844, 11, 622, 13, 320, 679, 22, 570, 6017, 10506, 25, 2650, 11258, 13381, 25, 3639, 38321, 67653, 1147, 922, 19960, 6401, 323, 22806, 2786, 15248, 4918, 304, 36673, 551, 220, 605, 13, 18633, 24, 6801, 46246, 70, 13, 679, 22, 13, 11436, 6281, 198, 75946, 28846, 374, 279, 25702, 1920, 315, 19301, 264, 15236, 3072, 505, 4315, 264, 743, 315, 2671, 320, 92493, 323, 6706, 321, 220, 1049, 16, 570, 41525, 28846, 374, 3118, 1555, 1475, 13189, 315, 2324, 11, 323, 3339, 1695, 11429, 369, 1475, 3062, 13402, 2391, 19569, 374, 264, 3823, 1694, 753, 6926, 54914, 320, 38, 1923, 5721, 220, 679, 21, 570, 22425, 2740, 11, 13901, 323, 19675, 617, 1027, 279, 1193, 31576, 539, 1193, 15718, 439, 18618, 2336, 369, 26073, 279, 7438, 315, 2324, 320, 26353, 38, 50153, 220, 2550, 17, 8, 719, 1101, 15718, 439, 17959, 369, 68365, 323, 46090, 3823, 3062, 11429, 2391, 19569, 627, 53773, 7678, 1122, 15740, 555, 5933, 6727, 374, 27458, 439, 2500, 29895, 13171, 315, 26073, 279, 14209, 323, 7438, 315, 2324, 320, 35, 675, 11966, 220, 3753, 21, 570, 11258, 8458, 437, 47859, 337, 283, 11, 22103, 17054, 520, 279, 3907, 315, 452, 17038, 689, 11, 304, 813, 2363, 11, 74658, 7839, 25, 1556, 38321, 661, 70288, 389, 9601, 79291, 11, 41424, 3823, 5597, 28846, 505, 279, 13356, 315, 45480, 1122, 41993, 8198, 555, 28118, 279, 3488, 315, 1268, 311, 3974, 264, 2324, 32971, 555, 810, 6928, 1109, 8389, 16024, 627, 791, 2363, 12302, 555, 69088, 19675, 753, 38550, 311, 2167, 12966, 9017, 264, 6380, 2324, 11, 5042, 1606, 19675, 706, 1047, 1633, 2697, 6677, 389, 3823, 7138, 323, 4059, 13, 12361, 11, 47859, 337, 283, 56030, 279, 990, 315, 45480, 323, 39956, 323, 279, 17876, 50925, 304, 8830, 3823, 7138, 2884, 555, 41993, 10334, 13, 763, 4689, 11, 304, 420, 2363, 568, 29633, 430, 3196, 389, 19465, 27649, 323, 12434, 4787, 11, 7931, 1288, 1304, 11429, 304, 872, 7446, 2324, 430, 5376, 279, 6140, 315, 20237, 323, 39656, 627, 4518, 279, 2800, 1618, 198, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 2637, 612, 1676, 15844, 11, 622, 13, 320, 679, 21, 570, 2650, 311, 11406, 264, 9601, 449, 4497, 45003, 34776, 51957, 32833, 826, 30, 362, 10506, 315, 11258, 8458, 437, 47859, 337, 283, 11, 74658, 7839, 25, 1556, 38321, 661, 70288, 389, 9601, 79291, 38321, 661, 70069, 10170, 59670, 25, 220, 605, 13, 1041, 22, 2754, 18058, 2705, 12, 15794, 12, 11030, 24, 12, 16, 198, 644, 872, 2363, 578, 94137, 635, 40720, 676, 31535, 315, 26028, 323, 9983, 488, 11, 46315, 78024, 28607, 11, 423, 80382, 17054, 520, 578, 3907, 315, 1561, 12550, 11, 323, 55752, 445, 13, 5767, 9211, 11, 22103, 17054, 520, 3907, 315, 78202, 11, 3118, 264, 502, 23692, 315, 3823, 2819, 323, 13042, 28198, 11, 389, 279, 8197, 315, 50953, 27339, 304, 85573, 5594, 676, 38009, 4028, 323, 2949, 17089, 627, 10438, 91784, 1113, 872, 10334, 304, 14827, 30732, 11, 304, 279, 2132, 12735, 78024, 28607, 323, 5767, 9211, 4358, 872, 41903, 90909, 389, 12624, 8990, 304, 4689, 11, 323, 41993, 8198, 304, 4040, 13, 5629, 11, 279, 12735, 43565, 41903, 323, 12624, 5528, 315, 14392, 11, 18815, 27501, 315, 279, 15861, 323, 1202, 734, 13, 763, 4040, 11, 304, 420, 12735, 279, 12283, 8815, 41903, 67323, 323, 18046, 430, 10748, 41903, 33811, 4250, 7142, 11384, 315, 7138, 2085, 12624, 7649, 13, 578, 12283, 4726, 18046, 430, 4245, 311, 4443, 12062, 304, 2819, 320, 65401, 4279, 198, 98935, 11, 57351, 11, 323, 14604, 10741, 315, 6848, 705, 3823, 10748, 33811, 11, 7422, 11, 323, 39943, 527, 48761, 11, 323, 430, 37637, 19675, 4250, 38969, 2740, 33032, 1463, 477, 10356, 74513, 13, 2435, 1101, 18046, 430, 682, 5789, 315, 8198, 430, 3568, 449, 2324, 323, 5496, 23837, 527, 41993, 304, 28591, 11, 323, 430, 12966, 527, 28995, 10099, 323, 5496, 23837, 2345, 71, 768, 11, 430, 682, 7978, 315, 12966, 527, 41993, 323, 24156, 7978, 13, 4696, 9369, 1618, 311, 1373, 279, 2800, 627, 47, 1394, 6292, 2319, 72, 11, 435, 13, 320, 679, 21, 570, 578, 94137, 635, 40720, 676, 31535, 315, 26028, 323, 9983, 488, 11, 88911, 1245, 31974, 11, 11346, 323, 11344, 26028, 53035, 320, 7280, 10506, 8, 12152, 19241, 304, 40629, 11, 220, 3391, 320, 16, 12, 17, 705, 220, 9992, 12, 10895, 198, 42584, 11186, 3297, 4978, 11, 17054, 315, 11346, 520, 279, 3907, 315, 19461, 11, 323, 9489, 36367, 1215, 11, 17054, 315, 11346, 323, 10783, 315, 279, 10181, 369, 21844, 19723, 11, 3907, 315, 19461, 11, 27851, 13488, 279, 23035, 315, 3070, 4028, 279, 17051, 304, 872, 64694, 2363, 11, 578, 12517, 25, 362, 4435, 11346, 13, 26848, 1109, 3371, 279, 10205, 323, 4498, 315, 991, 19505, 11, 279, 12283, 2231, 279, 3070, 520, 279, 4219, 315, 872, 1917, 13970, 3446, 13, 11205, 1925, 17850, 304, 420, 2363, 374, 430, 3070, 8246, 374, 539, 5933, 11, 719, 4619, 374, 40418, 323, 35901, 20968, 323, 1521, 14726, 2349, 927, 892, 304, 12976, 311, 3674, 323, 5054, 11618, 13, 578, 12283, 3802, 430, 279, 3070, 14726, 7958, 279, 3674, 11, 5054, 323, 60618, 13878, 315, 8396, 323, 430, 304, 682, 7634, 29939, 617, 1027, 323, 527, 279, 6913, 8316, 315, 5788, 11, 15652, 323, 28278, 13, 578, 12283, 3350, 11, 1054, 34, 44547, 6864, 323, 10597, 2819, 527, 1101, 34699, 2949, 8689, 26, 8689, 6211, 3927, 323, 22498, 80632, 3571, 323, 52087, 552, 13, 18925, 526, 3808, 1903, 555, 323, 2949, 8689, 320, 21470, 439, 11103, 11709, 11, 477, 387, 87422, 315, 3424, 11, 477, 11429, 922, 67805, 2911, 8, 17210, 311, 3674, 18003, 2191, 477, 20334, 11, 16662, 323, 7170, 1524, 810, 2410, 3725, 1109, 7100, 6067, 11, 3109, 10396, 11, 477, 20207, 19567, 863, 320, 55, 4390, 2520, 810, 4299, 1618, 198, 14126, 374, 264, 5016, 4668, 315, 3823, 23837, 13, 763, 5369, 311, 3515, 279, 5845, 311, 1005, 4221, 11, 12966, 649, 87015, 554, 922, 4221, 70903, 323, 1524, 1893, 26569, 20968, 15823, 505, 19307, 13, 763, 2650, 279, 8271, 2751, 4221, 11, 8096, 362, 13, 1676, 58380, 11, 6832, 990, 706, 1027, 32549, 304, 46620, 279, 2115, 315, 55580, 93048, 11, 14564, 279, 2316, 3488, 555, 24919, 279, 80149, 347, 2786, 315, 4221, 323, 279, 34954, 744, 39515, 78, 13491, 627, 7098, 58380, 11, 264, 71674, 28568, 889, 7902, 6500, 8198, 323, 93048, 11, 29633, 304, 420, 8286, 430, 459, 88419, 5603, 374, 4460, 311, 11886, 279, 3575, 315, 4221, 15740, 439, 433, 374, 1054, 64, 25649, 315, 1690, 9863, 863, 320, 79, 13, 220, 19, 570, 1283, 55725, 459, 5603, 311, 279, 3488, 315, 4221, 15740, 430, 44642, 505, 430, 315, 1023, 39603, 1705, 13, 1283, 22601, 6509, 4861, 430, 4221, 21063, 323, 5788, 22763, 505, 8271, 24717, 430, 28995, 311, 1812, 6629, 15325, 2536, 12, 26660, 1413, 6299, 13, 1115, 13656, 304, 13168, 311, 279, 1054, 89325, 15744, 863, 1684, 315, 4221, 15740, 5762, 555, 1690, 31839, 889, 2980, 279, 15740, 505, 39803, 26480, 8200, 311, 3823, 8982, 311, 387, 1054, 52833, 398, 304, 279, 26480, 7561, 664, 10843, 8106, 11, 2085, 904, 3560, 369, 31257, 863, 320, 79, 13, 220, 11128, 570, 1283, 11951, 29633, 369, 279, 12939, 315, 11630, 53492, 369, 279, 15740, 315, 279, 4221, 65015, 8271, 26, 1521, 11618, 19167, 4216, 84497, 328, 2113, 729, 449, 279, 8271, 24717, 430, 2187, 6617, 12966, 311, 4048, 15823, 627, 2677, 1618, 311, 1373, 810, 13, 128001 ]

The White River and Douglas Creek Conservation Districts (Districts) are made up of locally elected landowners who provide leadership in the wise use of the natural resources within the Districts' boundaries. Conservation districts in Colorado are defined as "local governments" thus have the ability to participate in government-to-government interactions with the federal agencies. The Districts joined with Rio Blanco County to develop a Land & Natural Resource Use Plan and Policy (LUP) to translate their statutory mandate (Colo.Rev. Stat. section 35-70-108) into land management policy and direction guided by local landowners. One of the Districts' responsibilities is: "To prepare a plan for the care, treatment, and operation of the lands within the district." Colo. Rev. Stat. Section 35-70-108(1)(K). Additionally, Colorado conservation districts were created by the state legislature to provide for constructive methods of land use providing for the conservation and preservation of natural resources, including adequate underground water reserves, the control of wind and water erosion, and the reduction of damage resulting from floods. The purposes of the conservation districts are to "insure the health, prosperity, and welfare of the state of Colorado and its people..." Colo. Rev. Stat. section 35-70-102. This plan identifies the Districts' and County's policies to facilitate, protect, and preserve the utilization and conservation of natural resources on public lands. These policies support access to and wise use of natural resources on federal land; protect private property rights; protect and enhance the customs, cultures, and the economy; protect the tax base; assure the well-being of the people; and provide for the public health, safety, and welfare of the County citizens.

352

[ 128000, 791, 5929, 11188, 323, 31164, 24076, 45435, 11182, 82, 320, 48940, 82, 8, 527, 1903, 709, 315, 24392, 16689, 4363, 23840, 889, 3493, 11692, 304, 279, 24219, 1005, 315, 279, 5933, 5070, 2949, 279, 11182, 82, 6, 23546, 13, 45435, 27536, 304, 15745, 527, 4613, 439, 330, 2497, 17047, 1, 8617, 617, 279, 5845, 311, 16136, 304, 3109, 4791, 46704, 22639, 449, 279, 6918, 13607, 13, 578, 11182, 82, 11096, 449, 28059, 99923, 6406, 311, 2274, 264, 11680, 612, 18955, 12027, 5560, 9878, 323, 11216, 320, 43, 3202, 8, 311, 15025, 872, 45530, 35381, 320, 6255, 78, 2887, 85, 13, 12442, 13, 3857, 220, 1758, 12, 2031, 12, 6640, 8, 1139, 4363, 6373, 4947, 323, 5216, 33687, 555, 2254, 4363, 23840, 13, 3861, 315, 279, 11182, 82, 6, 28423, 374, 25, 330, 1271, 10772, 264, 3197, 369, 279, 2512, 11, 6514, 11, 323, 5784, 315, 279, 12098, 2949, 279, 9474, 1210, 96175, 13, 10315, 13, 12442, 13, 11360, 220, 1758, 12, 2031, 12, 6640, 7, 16, 2432, 42, 570, 23212, 11, 15745, 29711, 27536, 1051, 3549, 555, 279, 1614, 39856, 311, 3493, 369, 54584, 5528, 315, 4363, 1005, 8405, 369, 279, 29711, 323, 46643, 315, 5933, 5070, 11, 2737, 26613, 26326, 3090, 30600, 11, 279, 2585, 315, 10160, 323, 3090, 58097, 11, 323, 279, 14278, 315, 5674, 13239, 505, 61272, 13, 578, 10096, 315, 279, 29711, 27536, 527, 311, 330, 1354, 554, 279, 2890, 11, 44202, 11, 323, 23460, 315, 279, 1614, 315, 15745, 323, 1202, 1274, 21908, 96175, 13, 10315, 13, 12442, 13, 3857, 220, 1758, 12, 2031, 12, 4278, 627, 2028, 3197, 36611, 279, 11182, 82, 6, 323, 6406, 596, 10396, 311, 28696, 11, 6144, 11, 323, 21813, 279, 50549, 323, 29711, 315, 5933, 5070, 389, 586, 12098, 13, 4314, 10396, 1862, 2680, 311, 323, 24219, 1005, 315, 5933, 5070, 389, 6918, 4363, 26, 6144, 879, 3424, 3268, 26, 6144, 323, 18885, 279, 35869, 11, 27833, 11, 323, 279, 8752, 26, 6144, 279, 3827, 2385, 26, 36015, 279, 1664, 33851, 315, 279, 1274, 26, 323, 3493, 369, 279, 586, 2890, 11, 7296, 11, 323, 23460, 315, 279, 6406, 10495, 13, 128001 ]

more comfortable with the word innovation or my favourite, solution. Is it because these words create the illusion of certainty? Unfortunately, that’s not how creativity works whatever you call it. Steve Jobs had the Apple Lisa, Macintosh TV and the Newton before the I-Pad. Even the great ones have so called mistakes. Our industry is full of slogans about mistakes, risks and failing harder but very few of us actually live up to the words. When a business craves certainty that much, there is no room for experimentation or the unpredictability of creativity. When this happens people grasp for the first idea and mediocrity becomes your friend. There is a real danger that as we constantly scrub away the madness of creativity we move towards the most middle of grounds. This is something I learnt from meeting Tony Kaye. These thoughts had been bouncing around in my head when I went to judge the Axis Awards. I had heard about Tony Kaye, the mad director. We would spend the evening talking and he told me the craziest stories about Marlon Brando giving acting classes to him and Michael Jackson.Yet as entertaining as Tony’s stories were, something else struck me about him. He seemed like a very passionate and honest man. He seemed incapable of not being true to what he believes in. Win, lose or draw. I found it refreshing. After all the trials and tribulations he had been through, he had an unwavering belief in creativity. Not innovation, or solutions but mad, bad and dangerous to know creativity. He believes in imperfection, mistakes and magic. It was a valuable lesson for me at a time when our industry is in such a state of flux and bullshit. And the lesson is a simple one. Interesting, beats perfect every time. 2 thoughts on “I am pretty sure Tony Kaye doesn’t use the word innovation.” Nice observations. This strikes me as the same fundamental as your post on intention. And the analogy of the North Star. These things are imprinted and therefore can’t be contrived. They just are. Like being left handed. Hard if you’re not. Effortless if you are. But the world is about emulation, and so agencies, clients, people, motherboards – all try to attain the adjectives of innovative, creative… However left handed it all might feel. I had the pleasure of working with Tony for several months. He was by far incredibly refreshing. He taught me that we as artists have to look at things as if we are seeing them for the first time like through a child’s eye, and figure a way to present the idea to others so they too will see it in a fresh new way. He held to that theory like a barnical on a ship.

579

[ 128000, 810, 10882, 449, 279, 3492, 19297, 477, 856, 19214, 11, 6425, 13, 2209, 433, 1606, 1521, 4339, 1893, 279, 41919, 315, 44743, 5380, 31140, 11, 430, 753, 539, 1268, 28697, 4375, 8996, 499, 1650, 433, 13, 14129, 23946, 1047, 279, 8325, 29656, 11, 7553, 62694, 6007, 323, 279, 21324, 1603, 279, 358, 9483, 329, 13, 7570, 279, 2294, 6305, 617, 779, 2663, 21294, 627, 8140, 5064, 374, 2539, 315, 78101, 922, 21294, 11, 15635, 323, 22109, 16127, 719, 1633, 2478, 315, 603, 3604, 3974, 709, 311, 279, 4339, 13, 3277, 264, 2626, 1589, 4798, 44743, 430, 1790, 11, 1070, 374, 912, 3130, 369, 66196, 477, 279, 44696, 2968, 315, 28697, 13, 3277, 420, 8741, 1274, 34477, 369, 279, 1176, 4623, 323, 25098, 4309, 488, 9221, 701, 4333, 627, 3947, 374, 264, 1972, 8137, 430, 439, 584, 15320, 46001, 3201, 279, 52819, 315, 28697, 584, 3351, 7119, 279, 1455, 6278, 315, 21319, 13, 1115, 374, 2555, 358, 50350, 505, 6574, 19036, 31245, 68, 627, 9673, 11555, 1047, 1027, 65128, 2212, 304, 856, 2010, 994, 358, 4024, 311, 11913, 279, 35574, 23488, 13, 358, 1047, 6755, 922, 19036, 31245, 68, 11, 279, 13088, 7690, 13, 1226, 1053, 8493, 279, 11714, 7556, 323, 568, 3309, 757, 279, 46141, 8510, 478, 7493, 922, 2947, 12490, 3320, 4988, 7231, 15718, 6989, 311, 1461, 323, 8096, 13972, 7659, 295, 439, 30311, 439, 19036, 753, 7493, 1051, 11, 2555, 775, 17948, 757, 922, 1461, 13, 1283, 9508, 1093, 264, 1633, 25429, 323, 10978, 893, 13, 1283, 9508, 58271, 315, 539, 1694, 837, 311, 1148, 568, 13919, 304, 13, 12468, 11, 9229, 477, 4128, 13, 358, 1766, 433, 37018, 627, 6153, 682, 279, 19622, 323, 14121, 7607, 568, 1047, 1027, 1555, 11, 568, 1047, 459, 15375, 402, 4776, 16801, 304, 28697, 13, 2876, 19297, 11, 477, 10105, 719, 13088, 11, 3958, 323, 11660, 311, 1440, 28697, 13, 1283, 13919, 304, 17190, 13421, 11, 21294, 323, 11204, 13, 1102, 574, 264, 15525, 18228, 369, 757, 520, 264, 892, 994, 1057, 5064, 374, 304, 1778, 264, 1614, 315, 31405, 323, 52401, 13, 1628, 279, 18228, 374, 264, 4382, 832, 13, 71770, 11, 34427, 4832, 1475, 892, 627, 17, 11555, 389, 1054, 40, 1097, 5128, 2771, 19036, 31245, 68, 3250, 1431, 1005, 279, 3492, 19297, 49216, 46078, 24654, 627, 2028, 23170, 757, 439, 279, 1890, 16188, 439, 701, 1772, 389, 14944, 627, 3112, 279, 56203, 315, 279, 4892, 7834, 13, 4314, 2574, 527, 737, 53313, 323, 9093, 649, 1431, 387, 6155, 2270, 13, 2435, 1120, 527, 13, 9086, 1694, 2163, 23415, 13, 11481, 422, 499, 3207, 539, 13, 31122, 371, 1752, 422, 499, 527, 627, 4071, 279, 1917, 374, 922, 79941, 11, 323, 779, 13607, 11, 8403, 11, 1274, 11, 6691, 19826, 1389, 682, 1456, 311, 36861, 279, 1008, 87678, 315, 18699, 11, 11782, 90578, 11458, 2163, 23415, 433, 682, 2643, 2733, 627, 40, 1047, 279, 17069, 315, 3318, 449, 19036, 369, 3892, 4038, 13, 1283, 574, 555, 3117, 17235, 37018, 13, 1283, 15972, 757, 430, 584, 439, 13820, 617, 311, 1427, 520, 2574, 439, 422, 584, 527, 9298, 1124, 369, 279, 1176, 892, 1093, 1555, 264, 1716, 753, 8071, 11, 323, 7216, 264, 1648, 311, 3118, 279, 4623, 311, 3885, 779, 814, 2288, 690, 1518, 433, 304, 264, 7878, 502, 1648, 13, 1283, 5762, 311, 430, 10334, 1093, 264, 33419, 950, 389, 264, 8448, 13, 128001 ]

Newsletter no. 92-12, Commutation and Opting Out of a Pension Plan December 8, 1992 Introduction The Income Tax Regulations require that all pre-reform benefits provided under a defined benefit provision of a registered pension plan be acceptable to the Minister of National Revenue. This permits the Department to continue to apply a number of restrictions in Information Circular 72-13R8 that have not been included in the Regulations or that differ from the restrictions in the Regulations. This is the fifth newsletter that explains how to apply the new pension legislation to benefits provided for pre-reform service under a defined benefit or money purchase provision of a registered pension plan. It also explains which administrative rules outlined in Information Circular 72-13R8 will continue to apply. Also see Pension Reform Update 92-5. This newsletter is not a legal document. It uses plain language to inform plan administrators, employers, and pension consultants of the conditions that pre-reform benefits must satisfy in order to be acceptable to the Minister. The information relates to pre- reform benefits only, and is not intended to interpret how the Regulations apply to post-reform benefits. This newsletter refers to "pre- reform" and "post-reform" service and benefits. Pre-reform service means pre-1991 service for all plans except grandfathered plans. A grandfathered plan is a plan which contains a defined benefit provision and which was registered on March 27, 1988 or for which an application for registration was made before March 28, 1988. It is also a plan that was established to replace defined benefits for one or more individuals under another grandfathered plan. Pre-reform service for grandfathered plans means all service prior to the earlier of January 1, 1992 and the effective date of the amendment made to the plan to comply with the requirements of the Income Tax Regulations. All service after those dates is post-reform service. Pre-reform benefits are benefits that accrue in respect of a period of pre-reform service. All other benefits are post-reform benefits. This newsletter does not apply to benefits provided to connected persons as defined in subsection 8500(3) of the Regulations, or to partners or proprietors and their spouses unless specifically stated otherwise. The rules for these individuals are outlined in Pension Reform Update 91-1. We wish to remind you that the Regulations cannot be applied to pre-reform benefits in pre-October 1968 and 1980 shareholder plans if doing so will increase the benefits or the costs under the plans. Commutation of defined benefits Under the rules of the Circular, pension benefits can generally only be commuted after death, termination of employment, or termination of the plan prior to the retirement of the member. Paragraph 8503(2)(m) of the Income Tax Regulations allows for the payment at any time of a lump sum from a defined benefit provision where the lump sum does not exceed the present value of the benefits being given up. Where the benefits are not indexed, or only partially indexed, you can determine the present value as if the benefits were fully indexed. It should be remembered that while the Regulations permit benefits to be commuted, other pension benefit legislation may prohibit the commutation. Members may commute pre-reform benefits before termination of employment and the provisions of 8503(2)(m) may be applied to both pre- and post-reform benefits if the plan provides for it. This also applies to the commutation of benefits which have already begun to be paid. If you want to use the indexing assumptions, please note that the plan must not only allow the benefits to be commuted, but it must also state that the commuted value includes other benefits, namely, the benefits allowed under subparagraph 8503(2)(m)(ii). We no longer require pre-reform benefits that were transferred to a registered retirement savings plan on retirement under paragraph 9(b) of the Circular to be locked-in. If members are allowed to commute their pre-reform benefits, the plan must state that the period of pre- reform service cannot be credited again under the plan with that employer or a successor employer. Alternatively, the plan has to say that if the member wishes to buy back the service, the amount necessary to fund the pre-reform benefit must be transferred directly from a registered retirement savings plan, a deferred profit sharing plan, or another registered pension plan. This requirement also applies to a combination money purchase/defined benefit plan, where only the money purchase contributions are paid as a lump sum. In this case, the plan cannot be amended to increase the defined benefits for the years of service relating to the money purchase contributions. Commuting pre-reform benefits is not, however, permitted for pre- October 1968 and 1980 shareholder plans, nor for pre-reform benefits provided to partners or proprietors or their spouses for service while they were employees. Wage indexing of benefits for pre- reform service may be assumed for other plans having connected persons as members provided that they can continue to meet the 50/50 present value test as at December 31, 1990, for new plans and December 31, 1991, for grandfathered plans. However, you have to perform the test using only the active members at the time of the commutation, and based on the benefits accrued to those members at December 31, 1990, or December 31, 1991, whichever is applicable. Payment of a lump sum from a money purchase provision Paragraph 8506(1)(f) of the Regulations permits the payment from a money purchase provision of a lump sum amount, including additional voluntary contributions, up to the balance in a member's account. There are no conditions restricting these payments. Members may receive payments of pre-reform contributions before termination of employment and the provisions of 8506(1)(f) may be applied to both pre- and post- reform contributions if the plan provides for it. We no longer require pre-reform benefits that were transferred to a registered retirement savings plan on retirement under paragraph 9(b) of the Circular to be locked-in. Opting out of a plan Under the rules of the Circular, a plan may be terminated by the employer or a plan member may discontinue contributions or participation. The employer, however, may not suspend contributions. A plan can allow members to suspend contributions for a period of not more than two years. The Regulations do not prohibit employees from opting out of a pension plan by terminating or suspending their participation, nor the employer from suspending contributions to the plan, if the plan provides for it. Employees may commute their benefits, including pre-reform benefits, when they opt out of a plan. The conditions listed above will apply to any pre-reform benefits that are commuted. Report a problem or mistake on this page - Date modified:

1,414

[ 128000, 68268, 912, 13, 220, 6083, 12, 717, 11, 6947, 23539, 323, 16963, 287, 4470, 315, 264, 81557, 9878, 198, 33246, 220, 23, 11, 220, 2550, 17, 198, 38255, 198, 791, 33620, 15545, 49357, 1397, 430, 682, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 3984, 1234, 264, 4613, 8935, 17575, 315, 264, 9879, 28781, 3197, 387, 22281, 311, 279, 9675, 315, 5165, 38493, 13, 1115, 29790, 279, 6011, 311, 3136, 311, 3881, 264, 1396, 315, 17294, 304, 8245, 46861, 220, 5332, 12, 1032, 49, 23, 430, 617, 539, 1027, 5343, 304, 279, 49357, 477, 430, 1782, 505, 279, 17294, 304, 279, 49357, 627, 2028, 374, 279, 18172, 20846, 430, 15100, 1268, 311, 3881, 279, 502, 28781, 13543, 311, 7720, 3984, 369, 864, 5621, 630, 2532, 1234, 264, 4613, 8935, 477, 3300, 7782, 17575, 315, 264, 9879, 28781, 3197, 13, 1102, 1101, 15100, 902, 23541, 5718, 33740, 304, 8245, 46861, 220, 5332, 12, 1032, 49, 23, 690, 3136, 311, 3881, 13, 7429, 1518, 81557, 40365, 5666, 220, 6083, 12, 20, 627, 2028, 20846, 374, 539, 264, 5897, 2246, 13, 1102, 5829, 14733, 4221, 311, 6179, 3197, 38212, 11, 23234, 11, 323, 28781, 50184, 315, 279, 4787, 430, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 2011, 27651, 304, 2015, 311, 387, 22281, 311, 279, 9675, 13, 578, 2038, 36716, 311, 864, 12, 15180, 7720, 1193, 11, 323, 374, 539, 10825, 311, 14532, 1268, 279, 49357, 3881, 311, 1772, 5621, 630, 7720, 627, 2028, 20846, 19813, 311, 330, 1762, 12, 15180, 1, 323, 330, 2252, 5621, 630, 1, 2532, 323, 7720, 13, 5075, 5621, 630, 2532, 3445, 864, 12, 2550, 16, 2532, 369, 682, 6787, 3734, 38950, 291, 6787, 627, 32, 38950, 291, 3197, 374, 264, 3197, 902, 5727, 264, 4613, 8935, 17575, 323, 902, 574, 9879, 389, 5587, 220, 1544, 11, 220, 3753, 23, 477, 369, 902, 459, 3851, 369, 12506, 574, 1903, 1603, 5587, 220, 1591, 11, 220, 3753, 23, 13, 1102, 374, 1101, 264, 3197, 430, 574, 9749, 311, 8454, 4613, 7720, 369, 832, 477, 810, 7931, 1234, 2500, 38950, 291, 3197, 13, 5075, 5621, 630, 2532, 369, 38950, 291, 6787, 3445, 682, 2532, 4972, 311, 279, 6931, 315, 6186, 220, 16, 11, 220, 2550, 17, 323, 279, 7524, 2457, 315, 279, 28238, 1903, 311, 279, 3197, 311, 26069, 449, 279, 8670, 315, 279, 33620, 15545, 49357, 13, 2052, 2532, 1306, 1884, 13003, 374, 1772, 5621, 630, 2532, 13, 5075, 5621, 630, 7720, 527, 7720, 430, 86659, 361, 304, 5201, 315, 264, 4261, 315, 864, 5621, 630, 2532, 13, 2052, 1023, 7720, 527, 1772, 5621, 630, 7720, 627, 2028, 20846, 1587, 539, 3881, 311, 7720, 3984, 311, 8599, 11434, 439, 4613, 304, 23695, 220, 16217, 15, 7, 18, 8, 315, 279, 49357, 11, 477, 311, 8717, 477, 54273, 1105, 323, 872, 66312, 7389, 11951, 11224, 6062, 13, 578, 5718, 369, 1521, 7931, 527, 33740, 304, 81557, 40365, 5666, 220, 5925, 12, 16, 627, 1687, 6562, 311, 24928, 499, 430, 279, 49357, 4250, 387, 9435, 311, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 304, 864, 12, 31294, 220, 5162, 23, 323, 220, 3753, 15, 63342, 6787, 422, 3815, 779, 690, 5376, 279, 7720, 477, 279, 7194, 1234, 279, 6787, 627, 1110, 32071, 315, 4613, 7720, 198, 16648, 279, 5718, 315, 279, 46861, 11, 28781, 7720, 649, 8965, 1193, 387, 1081, 2844, 1306, 4648, 11, 35508, 315, 14740, 11, 477, 35508, 315, 279, 3197, 4972, 311, 279, 21624, 315, 279, 4562, 627, 43265, 220, 16217, 18, 7, 17, 2432, 76, 8, 315, 279, 33620, 15545, 49357, 6276, 369, 279, 8323, 520, 904, 892, 315, 264, 49629, 2694, 505, 264, 4613, 8935, 17575, 1405, 279, 49629, 2694, 1587, 539, 12771, 279, 3118, 907, 315, 279, 7720, 1694, 2728, 709, 13, 11208, 279, 7720, 527, 539, 31681, 11, 477, 1193, 26310, 31681, 11, 499, 649, 8417, 279, 3118, 907, 439, 422, 279, 7720, 1051, 7373, 31681, 13, 1102, 1288, 387, 27569, 430, 1418, 279, 49357, 11810, 7720, 311, 387, 1081, 2844, 11, 1023, 28781, 8935, 13543, 1253, 48486, 279, 1081, 23539, 627, 25370, 1253, 59263, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 1603, 35508, 315, 14740, 323, 279, 19705, 315, 220, 16217, 18, 7, 17, 2432, 76, 8, 1253, 387, 9435, 311, 2225, 864, 12, 323, 1772, 5621, 630, 7720, 422, 279, 3197, 5825, 369, 433, 13, 1115, 1101, 17208, 311, 279, 1081, 23539, 315, 7720, 902, 617, 2736, 22088, 311, 387, 7318, 13, 1442, 499, 1390, 311, 1005, 279, 53080, 32946, 11, 4587, 5296, 430, 279, 3197, 2011, 539, 1193, 2187, 279, 7720, 311, 387, 1081, 2844, 11, 719, 433, 2011, 1101, 1614, 430, 279, 1081, 2844, 907, 5764, 1023, 7720, 11, 32125, 11, 279, 7720, 5535, 1234, 75915, 220, 16217, 18, 7, 17, 2432, 76, 2432, 3893, 4390, 1687, 912, 5129, 1397, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 430, 1051, 23217, 311, 264, 9879, 21624, 19523, 3197, 389, 21624, 1234, 14646, 220, 24, 1921, 8, 315, 279, 46861, 311, 387, 16447, 3502, 627, 2746, 3697, 527, 5535, 311, 59263, 872, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 11, 279, 3197, 2011, 1614, 430, 279, 4261, 315, 864, 12, 15180, 2532, 4250, 387, 41857, 1578, 1234, 279, 3197, 449, 430, 19683, 477, 264, 34665, 19683, 13, 39578, 11, 279, 3197, 706, 311, 2019, 430, 422, 279, 4562, 25223, 311, 3780, 1203, 279, 2532, 11, 279, 3392, 5995, 311, 3887, 279, 864, 5621, 630, 8935, 2011, 387, 23217, 6089, 505, 264, 9879, 21624, 19523, 3197, 11, 264, 27334, 11626, 11821, 3197, 11, 477, 2500, 9879, 28781, 3197, 13, 1115, 16686, 1101, 17208, 311, 264, 10824, 3300, 7782, 14, 9910, 8935, 3197, 11, 1405, 1193, 279, 3300, 7782, 19564, 527, 7318, 439, 264, 49629, 2694, 13, 763, 420, 1162, 11, 279, 3197, 4250, 387, 31011, 311, 5376, 279, 4613, 7720, 369, 279, 1667, 315, 2532, 23343, 311, 279, 3300, 7782, 19564, 627, 1110, 7129, 287, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 374, 539, 11, 4869, 11, 15480, 369, 864, 12, 6664, 220, 5162, 23, 323, 220, 3753, 15, 63342, 6787, 11, 6463, 369, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 3984, 311, 8717, 477, 54273, 1105, 477, 872, 66312, 369, 2532, 1418, 814, 1051, 8420, 627, 54, 425, 53080, 315, 7720, 369, 864, 12, 15180, 2532, 1253, 387, 19655, 369, 1023, 6787, 3515, 8599, 11434, 439, 3697, 3984, 430, 814, 649, 3136, 311, 3449, 279, 220, 1135, 14, 1135, 3118, 907, 1296, 439, 520, 6790, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 2550, 15, 11, 369, 502, 6787, 323, 6790, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 2550, 16, 11, 369, 38950, 291, 6787, 13, 4452, 11, 499, 617, 311, 2804, 279, 1296, 1701, 1193, 279, 4642, 3697, 520, 279, 892, 315, 279, 1081, 23539, 11, 323, 3196, 389, 279, 7720, 99216, 311, 1884, 3697, 520, 6790, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 2550, 15, 11, 477, 6790, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 2550, 16, 11, 54784, 374, 8581, 627, 20799, 315, 264, 49629, 2694, 505, 264, 3300, 7782, 17575, 198, 43265, 220, 16217, 21, 7, 16, 2432, 69, 8, 315, 279, 49357, 29790, 279, 8323, 505, 264, 3300, 7782, 17575, 315, 264, 49629, 2694, 3392, 11, 2737, 5217, 37079, 19564, 11, 709, 311, 279, 8335, 304, 264, 4562, 596, 2759, 13, 2684, 527, 912, 4787, 65951, 1521, 14507, 627, 25370, 1253, 5371, 14507, 315, 864, 5621, 630, 19564, 1603, 35508, 315, 14740, 323, 279, 19705, 315, 220, 16217, 21, 7, 16, 2432, 69, 8, 1253, 387, 9435, 311, 2225, 864, 12, 323, 1772, 12, 15180, 19564, 422, 279, 3197, 5825, 369, 433, 627, 1687, 912, 5129, 1397, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 430, 1051, 23217, 311, 264, 9879, 21624, 19523, 3197, 389, 21624, 1234, 14646, 220, 24, 1921, 8, 315, 279, 46861, 311, 387, 16447, 3502, 627, 22078, 287, 704, 315, 264, 3197, 198, 16648, 279, 5718, 315, 279, 46861, 11, 264, 3197, 1253, 387, 32372, 555, 279, 19683, 477, 264, 3197, 4562, 1253, 834, 9726, 19564, 477, 20852, 13, 578, 19683, 11, 4869, 11, 1253, 539, 27343, 19564, 13, 362, 3197, 649, 2187, 3697, 311, 27343, 19564, 369, 264, 4261, 315, 539, 810, 1109, 1403, 1667, 627, 791, 49357, 656, 539, 48486, 8420, 505, 75701, 704, 315, 264, 28781, 3197, 555, 71681, 477, 9482, 2518, 872, 20852, 11, 6463, 279, 19683, 505, 9482, 2518, 19564, 311, 279, 3197, 11, 422, 279, 3197, 5825, 369, 433, 627, 55352, 1253, 59263, 872, 7720, 11, 2737, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 11, 994, 814, 3469, 704, 315, 264, 3197, 13, 578, 4787, 10212, 3485, 690, 3881, 311, 904, 864, 5621, 630, 7720, 430, 527, 1081, 2844, 627, 10577, 264, 3575, 477, 16930, 389, 420, 2199, 198, 12, 2696, 11041, 25, 128001 ]

We can never predict from where inspiration will strike and with that in mind, I will also blog about various work that I've found influencial over the years. In the second part of the book, the Tuetonic countryside has been invaded by Attilla and his Huns. Kreimhilda is still grieving over the death of Siegfried, whom she realizes now that she loved. Because of her guilt in unwhitingly helping to kill Siegfried, Kreimhilda chooses to consort with Attilla in an effort to realize her revenge against her brothers for Siegfried's death.

122

[ 128000, 1687, 649, 2646, 7168, 505, 1405, 20343, 690, 13471, 323, 449, 430, 304, 4059, 11, 358, 690, 1101, 5117, 922, 5370, 990, 430, 358, 3077, 1766, 6791, 45412, 927, 279, 1667, 627, 644, 279, 2132, 961, 315, 279, 2363, 11, 279, 350, 14127, 14338, 47967, 706, 1027, 64765, 555, 7867, 6374, 323, 813, 473, 11099, 13, 30718, 318, 71, 56261, 374, 2103, 91844, 927, 279, 4648, 315, 8663, 46224, 4588, 11, 8884, 1364, 52694, 1457, 430, 1364, 10456, 13, 9393, 315, 1077, 34951, 304, 653, 1336, 5977, 398, 10695, 311, 5622, 8663, 46224, 4588, 11, 30718, 318, 71, 56261, 41011, 311, 63929, 449, 7867, 6374, 304, 459, 5149, 311, 13383, 1077, 37169, 2403, 1077, 20820, 369, 8663, 46224, 4588, 596, 4648, 13, 128001 ]

INTRODUCTION — Diagnostic classification of sleep disorders is important because it standardizes definitions, improves awareness of the conditions, promotes a broad differential diagnosis, and facilitates a systematic diagnostic approach. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) is the most widely used classification system for sleep disorders. The third edition of the ICSD (ICSD-3) includes seven major categories of sleep disorders : ●Sleep-related breathing disorders ●Central disorders of hypersomnolence ●Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders ●Sleep-related movement disorders ●Other sleep disorders ICSD-3 includes 60 specific diagnoses within the seven major categories, as well as an appendix for classification of sleep disorders associated with medical and neurologic disorders. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM) codes corresponding to each specific diagnosis can be found within the ICSD-3 . Furthermore, pediatric diagnoses are not distinguished from adult diagnoses except for sleep-related breathing disorders . The ICSD-3 complements and refers to the regularly updated Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events, published by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine . The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) also classifies sleep disorders in a manner that largely parallels the ICSD-3 system . INSOMNIA — The ICSD-3 identifies three distinct types of insomnia: short-term insomnia disorder, chronic insomnia disorder, and other insomnia disorder (when the patient has insomnia symptoms but does not meet criteria for the other two types of insomnia). Previous editions had subclassified chronic insomnia disorder into primary and comorbid types, but these were eliminated in the ICSD-3 because they did not improve diagnostic accuracy [1,2]. Chronic insomnia disorder — The ICSD-3 consolidates all chronic insomnia diagnoses under a single disorder, chronic insomnia disorder . Chronic insomnia disorder requires a report of a sleep initiation or sleep maintenance problem, adequate opportunity and circumstances to sleep, and daytime consequences as the result of the insomnia symptoms. (See "Evaluation and diagnosis of insomnia in adults", section on 'Types of insomnia'.) To meet diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia disorder, the patient should have symptoms at least three times per week over a duration of three or more months. Since insomnia is a component of many psychiatric and medical conditions, a diagnosis of chronic insomnia disorder should be considered only when the insomnia is prominent and requires further evaluation and treatment. Short-term insomnia disorder — A diagnosis of short-term insomnia disorder must meet the same criteria as chronic insomnia except that the symptoms have been present for less than three months. The development is often temporally related to a significant stressor. To make this diagnosis, the insomnia must be an independent focus for the patient and/or require separate clinical attention. This type of insomnia often resolves when the stressor does, or when the patient develops adequate coping mechanisms or adapts to the stressor . However, in some cases this may evolve into a chronic insomnia disorder. SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS — Sleep-related breathing disorders are characterized by abnormal respiration during sleep; they occur in both adults and children . There are four major groups of sleep-related breathing disorders: ●Central sleep apnea syndromes ●Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disorders ●Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders ●Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder These groups are further divided according to their etiology. Snoring lies on a continuum between normal and abnormal. Snoring without associated airway compromise, sleep disturbance, or other consequences is essentially normal, whereas heavy snoring is often part of OSA. (See "Snoring in adults".) Central sleep apnea syndromes — The central sleep apnea syndromes include: ●Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing (see "Central sleep apnea: Risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis") ●Central sleep apnea due a medical disorder without Cheyne-Stokes breathing (see "Central sleep apnea: Risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis") ●Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing ●Central sleep apnea due to a medication or substance (see "Sleep-disordered breathing in patients chronically using opioids") ●Primary central sleep apnea ●Primary central sleep apnea of infancy ●Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity ●Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (see "Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea") Of note, treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (often referred to as complex sleep apnea in the past) was a new addition to the ICSD-3 . The criteria for this disorder include the demonstration of primarily OSA during diagnostic polysomnography. Upon initiation of treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) without a backup rate, there is emergence or persistence of central apneic events despite resolution of obstructive sleep apnea. These central apneic events also cannot be attributed to another identifiable comorbidity such as Cheyne-Stokes breathing or use of a substance (eg, opioids). Note that some patients may have central apneic events which emerge during initial PAP titration, often when transitioning from wake to sleep. These central events may resolve with implementation of and good adherence to PAP therapy (usually within one month). Verification that these central apneas have resolved can often be made with PAP machine downloads during clinical follow-up. (See "Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea".) Obstructive sleep apnea disorders — The OSA disorders include OSA in adults and OSA in children. (See "Evaluation of suspected obstructive sleep apnea in children" and "Clinical presentation and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adults".) The diagnosis of OSA in adults is made when there are 15 or more primarily obstructive respiratory events per hour, even in the absence of associated symptoms or comorbid disorders [1-3]. In adults with medical or psychiatric comorbidities (eg, hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, or mood disorder) or signs or symptoms including excessive sleepiness, fatigue, and/or insomnia, the diagnosis of OSA can be made when there are five or more predominantly obstructive respiratory events per hour. (See "Clinical presentation and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adults", section on 'Diagnosis'.) Although in-laboratory polysomnography has long been used to evaluate for OSA, home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) is an alternative diagnostic test in selected patients. Many HSAT procedures measure the respiratory disturbance index based on recording time. Thus, it is important to be aware that HSAT may underestimate respiratory event frequency because recording time, and not sleep time, is utilized for the calculation of the index. (See "Home sleep apnea testing for obstructive sleep apnea in adults".) Pediatric criteria for OSA require that at least one clinical finding (snoring, labored breathing, apnea, daytime sleepiness, hyperactivity, or other findings) is present. Polysomnographic criteria require the presence of one or more obstructive events per hour of sleep or, alternatively, evidence of obstructive hypoventilation (PaCO2 >50 mmHg for >25 percent of sleep time and associated snoring, flattening of nasal airway pressure waveform, or paradoxical thoraco-abdominal movement). (See "Evaluation of suspected obstructive sleep apnea in children", section on 'Polysomnography'.) Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders — The sleep-related hypoventilation disorders include: ●Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (see "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of obesity hypoventilation syndrome") ●Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (see "Disorders of ventilatory control", section on 'Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome' and "Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and other causes of sleep-related hypoventilation in children") ●Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction (see "Disorders of ventilatory control", section on 'Late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome' and "Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and other causes of sleep-related hypoventilation in children", section on 'Late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome') ●Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation ●Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medication or substance ●Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medical disorder Because hypoventilation is defined by elevated PaCO2 levels, the criteria for sleep-related hypoventilation require the presence of elevated PaCO2 levels either directly (by arterial blood gas measurement) or indirectly (by end-tidal CO2 or transcutaneous CO2 measurements). When sustained drops in arterial oxygen saturation (<88 percent for >5 minutes) occur in the absence of CO2 monitoring, the separate diagnosis of sleep-related hypoxemia disorder is utilized. While sleep-related hypoxemia is often a reflection of underlying hypoventilation, clinicians should also consider other causes of hypoxemia (eg, change in ventilation/perfusion [V/Q] distribution). The ICSD-3 also includes diagnostic criteria for obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Criteria require daytime elevation of PaCO2 (>45 mmHg) in a patient with a body mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/m2, as well as no other underlying cause for hypoventilation (such as lung disease, neuromuscular disease, or medications). Demonstration of daytime hypoventilation is not required to diagnose other forms of sleep-related hypoventilation. (See "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of obesity hypoventilation syndrome".) Pulmonary disorders (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma) are not considered sleep-related breathing disorders themselves; however, they can cause or exacerbate abnormal breathing (eg, hypoventilation, hypoxemia) during sleep. In this context, the diagnosis of sleep-related hypoventilation or hypoxemia is made. Sleep-related laryngospasm and choking are also not considered sleep-related breathing disorders; instead, they are considered medical disorders which may arise from sleep. CENTRAL DISORDERS OF HYPERSOMNOLENCE — The central disorders of hypersomnolence include those disorders in which the primary complaint is daytime sleepiness that is not due to another sleep disorder, including disturbed sleep or misaligned circadian rhythms . Excessive sleepiness is defined as daily episodes of an irrepressible need to sleep or daytime lapse into sleep . The central disorders of hypersomnolence include: ●Narcolepsy type 1 ●Narcolepsy type 2 ●Hypersomnia due to a medical disorder ●Hypersomnia due to a medication or substance ●Hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder ●Insufficient sleep syndrome In diagnosing central disorders of hypersomnolence, careful evaluation for sleep deprivation (ie, insufficient sleep syndrome) should be carried out, especially in patients who may require longer sleep periods to achieve adequate daytime alertness. Sleep logs and/or actigraphy for at least a week prior to evaluation of objective sleepiness with a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) help verify a regular sleep-wake schedule and adequate sleep time. Diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnolence include MSLT criteria. (See "Approach to the patient with excessive daytime sleepiness".) Narcolepsy — Narcolepsy type 1 includes patients with excessive sleepiness plus cataplexy and/or hypocretin-1 deficiency. Narcolepsy type 1 is diagnosed by either cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 deficiency (<110 pg/mL, or less than one-third of the normative values on a standardized assay); or a mean sleep latency of ≤8 minutes and two sleep onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs; within 15 minutes of sleep onset) on an MSLT (and/or the overnight polysomnogram), along with a history of clear cataplexy episodes. Note that not all patients with hypocretin-1 deficiency have cataplexy; however, they are still characterized as having narcolepsy type 1. Many will develop cataplexy later in the course of the disorder. Commercial assays for hypocretin determination are now available. (See "Clinical features and diagnosis of narcolepsy in adults", section on 'Other laboratory tests'.) Narcolepsy type 2 is diagnosed with the same MSLT and SOREMP criteria as described in narcolepsy type 1; however, cataplexy and/or cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 deficiency (if measured) are not present. A high rate of false positive MSLTs for narcolepsy type 2 has been described. In all likelihood, many of these false positives are due to inadequate preparation (ie, untreated insufficient sleep and/or altered circadian sleep-wake patterns) prior to testing. Idiopathic hypersomnia — Idiopathic hypersomnia is diagnosed when the patient has subjective sleepiness with an MSLT showing a mean sleep latency of ≤8 minutes with fewer than two SOREMPs on the MSLT plus the overnight polysomnogram, along with the absence of cataplexy or hypocretin-1 deficiency (if measured). It is important to rule out other causes of hypersomnolence, including sleep deprivation. Based on the available evidence, it is unclear whether idiopathic hypersomnia is a single definable disorder or a diverse group of disorders with different pathological mechanisms resulting in a similar clinical phenotype. (See "Idiopathic hypersomnia".) Kleine-Levin syndrome — Kleine-Levin syndrome and insufficient sleep syndrome are reviewed elsewhere. (See "Kleine-Levin syndrome (recurrent hypersomnia)" and "Insufficient sleep: Definition, epidemiology, and adverse outcomes".) Other hypersomnias — In hypersomnia due to a medical disorder or a medication or substance, as well as hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder, the diagnosis can be made without performing an MSLT. Clinical judgment is important in diagnosing all central disorders of hypersomnolence. Furthermore, other sleep disorders (eg, obstructive sleep apnea or circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders) can give rise to excessive sleep time and hypersomnolence and must be properly diagnosed and treated before the diagnosis of a central disorder of hypersomnolence is made. (See "Excessive daytime sleepiness due to medical disorders and medications".) Insufficient sleep should not be overlooked as one of the most common causes of daytime sleepiness. (See "Insufficient sleep: Definition, epidemiology, and adverse outcomes" and "Insufficient sleep: Evaluation and management".) CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS — Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders are characterized by a chronic or recurrent sleep disturbance due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between the environment and an individual's sleep-wake cycle . General criteria common to all of the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders include: ●A chronic or recurrent pattern of sleep-wake rhythm disruption caused by an alteration in the endogenous circadian timing system and the desired or required sleep-wake schedule ●The presence of a sleep-wake disturbance, including insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness ●Associated distress or impairment All disorders, except jet lag disorder, require a symptom duration of at least three months. Optimally, circadian timing is documented objectively with actigraphy and/or biomarkers such as dim-light melatonin onset. Validated questionnaires, including the morningness-eveningness questionnaire to identify chronotype, can also be helpful but are not required to make the diagnosis of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. (See "Overview of circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorders".) There are several types of circadian rhythm disorders: ●Shift work disorder and jet lag disorder are the most common types of circadian rhythm sleep disturbances, although these do not often come to medical attention. (See "Jet lag" and "Sleep-wake disturbances in shift workers".) ●Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder is characterized by sleep and wake times that are habitually delayed compared with conventional times. A typical patient has difficulty falling asleep at a conventional bedtime and awakens late in the morning. Sleep is often normal once it is initiated. However, some patients will develop a comorbid chronic insomnia problem, which may result in difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, even on the delayed schedule. This disorder is most prevalent in adolescents and younger adults. (See "Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder".) ●Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder is characterized by sleep and wake times that are habitually early compared with conventional times. A typical patient falls asleep early and awakens early spontaneously. This disorder is not commonly reported, but it is more likely to be observed in older adults. (See "Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder".) ●Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder is characterized by lack of a clearly defined circadian rhythm of sleep and wake. This disorder is commonly associated with developmental disorders in children and in adults with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease. (See "Sleep-wake disturbances and sleep disorders in patients with dementia".) ●Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder is characterized by fluctuating periods of insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness that occur because the intrinsic circadian pacemaker is not entrained to a 24-hour light/dark cycle. Most individuals with this disorder are totally blind, and the failure to entrain circadian rhythms is related to the lack of photic input to the circadian pacemaker. (See "Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder".) ●Circadian sleep-wake disorder not otherwise characterized. ●Circadian rhythm disorders can also be due to a medical, psychiatric, or neurologic disorder. PARASOMNIAS — Parasomnias are undesirable physical events (complex movements, behaviors) or experiences (emotions, perceptions, dreams) that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep, or during arousals from sleep . The observed behaviors are more complex and appear more purposeful than the stereotyped activity seen in movement disorders. (See "Approach to abnormal movements and behaviors during sleep".) The parasomnia category is divided into non-rapid eye movement (NREM)-related parasomnias, rapid eye movement (REM)-related parasomnias, and other parasomnias. Sleep talking is considered a normal variant and occurs at some time in most normal sleepers. NREM-related parasomnias — NREM-related parasomnias are disorders of arousal. They include confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and sleep-related eating disorder. (See "Parasomnias of childhood, including sleepwalking" and "Disorders of arousal from non-rapid eye movement sleep in adults".) The general criteria for the NREM-related parasomnias include: ●Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening associated with abnormal behaviors and/or experiences ●Absent or inappropriate responsiveness ●Limited or no cognition or dream report, and ●Partial or complete amnesia for the event Each disorder has further diagnostic criteria; however, patients may meet diagnostic criteria for more than one condition. As an example, an individual can meet criteria for both sleep terrors and sleepwalking. REM-related parasomnias — REM-related parasomnias involve the intrusion of the features of REM sleep into wakefulness (eg, sleep paralysis), exaggeration of the features of REM sleep (eg, nightmare disorder), or aberrations of REM sleep physiology (eg, lack of atonia as observed in REM sleep behavior disorder). Diagnosis of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) requires the presence of repeated episodes of behavior or vocalization during REM sleep. In addition, there must be evidence of REM sleep without atonia during polysomnography. Clinical findings of RBD may also be noted in patients taking certain medications, especially serotonergic antidepressants. In these patients, the diagnosis of RBD is still made (and not parasomnia due to medication or substance) if the diagnostic criteria for RBD are met. A high percentage of patients with the idiopathic variety of RBD will eventually develop an alpha-synucleinopathy, most often Parkinson disease. Therefore, neurological evaluation and follow-up is essential. (See "Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder".) Nightmare disorder is characterized by recurrent, highly dysphoric or anxiety-laden dreams that are clearly recalled upon awakening and result in significant distress or impairment. Nightmares are a common element of other disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder. This diagnosis is made only when the nightmares become a focus of clinical attention or require independent treatment. (See "Nightmares and nightmare disorder in adults".) Other parasomnias — Other parasomnias bear no specific relationship to sleep stage. These include: exploding head syndrome, sleep-related hallucinations, sleep enuresis, parasomnia associated with medical disorders, parasomnia due to a medication or substance, and unspecified parasomnia. (See "Approach to abnormal movements and behaviors during sleep".) SLEEP-RELATED MOVEMENT DISORDERS — Sleep-related movement disorders are characterized by simple, stereotypic movements that disturb sleep . Patients may or may not be aware of these movements. (See "Approach to abnormal movements and behaviors during sleep".) Symptoms of sleep disturbance (eg, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, fatigue) are required to diagnose a sleep-related movement disorder. Movements that occur during sleep but do not adversely affect sleep or daytime function are not considered a sleep-related movement disorder. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is also included in this group of disorders; however, dysesthesias during wakefulness are the primary symptom. Sleep-related movement disorders include: ●Restless legs syndrome ●Periodic limb movement disorder ●Sleep-related bruxism (teeth grinding) ●Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder ●Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy ●Propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset ●Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medical disorder ●Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medication or substance ●Sleep-related movement disorder, unspecified Restless legs syndrome — RLS is categorized as a sleep-related movement disorder due to its close association with periodic limb movements and its temporal relationship to sleep onset, even though it does not primarily manifest as simple, stereotypic movements. (See "Clinical features and diagnosis of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults" and "Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in children".) The ICSD-3 diagnostic criteria for RLS include the urge to move the legs and/or the presence of uncomfortable sensations that occur primarily with rest/inactivity. These symptoms are at least partially relieved with movement (as long as the movement persists) and have a circadian aspect in that the symptoms occur primarily in the evening or night . Also, the ICSD-3 criteria require that an associated sleep disorder, distress, or impairment is present. (See "Clinical features and diagnosis of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults", section on 'Diagnosis'.) Periodic limb movement disorder — Periodic limb movements are frequently noted during polysomnography. For periodic limb movements to be considered a disorder, they must occur on polysomnography more than 15 times per hour in adults or more than 5 times per hour in children. In addition, an individual must report a sleep disturbance or some form of functional impairment that is causally related to the periodic limb movements. (See "Polysomnography in the evaluation of abnormal movements during sleep", section on 'Periodic limb movements of sleep'.) Periodic limb movement disorder should not be diagnosed with concurrent untreated obstructive sleep apnea, RLS, narcolepsy, or REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), since periodic limb movements are commonly seen with these disorders. OTHER SLEEP DISORDERS — This category includes sleep disorders that cannot be appropriately classified elsewhere in the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), either because the disorder overlaps with more than one category or when insufficient data has been collected to firmly establish another diagnosis . Disorders that are exclusively related to environmental disturbance may also be classified here. APPENDICES — The third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) includes two appendices : ●Appendix A includes diagnoses that can be classified as medical or neurologic disorders (eg, fatal familial insomnia, sleep-related epilepsy or headaches, sleep-related laryngospasm, sleep-related gastroesophageal reflux, and sleep-related myocardial ischemia). (See "Diseases of the central nervous system caused by prions", section on 'Fatal familial insomnia'.) ●Appendix B is a guide to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-CM) coding for substance-induced sleep disorders. INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials, "The Basics" and "Beyond the Basics." The Basics patient education pieces are written in plain language, at the 5th to 6th grade reading level, and they answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition. These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy-to-read materials. Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. These articles are written at the 10th to 12th grade reading level and are best for patients who want in-depth information and are comfortable with some medical jargon. Here are the patient education articles that are relevant to this topic. We encourage you to print or e-mail these topics to your patients. (You can also locate patient education articles on a variety of subjects by searching on "patient info" and the keyword(s) of interest.) ●Beyond the Basics topics: ●The third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) classifies sleep disorders into seven major categories: insomnia disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnia, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, parasomnias, sleep-related movement disorders, and other sleep disorders. (See 'Introduction' above.) ●The ICSD-3 identifies three distinct types of insomnia: short-term insomnia disorder, chronic insomnia disorder, and other insomnia disorder (when the patient has insomnia symptoms but does not meet criteria for the other two types of insomnia). (See 'Insomnia' above.) ●Sleep-related breathing disorders are characterized by abnormal respiration during sleep; they occur in both adults and children. There are four major groups of sleep-related breathing disorders: central sleep apnea syndromes, obstructive sleep apnea syndromes, sleep-related hypoventilation disorders, and sleep-related hypoxemia disorder. (See 'Sleep-related breathing disorders' above.) ●The central disorders of hypersomnolence include those disorders in which the primary complaint is daytime sleepiness that is not due to another sleep disorder, including disturbed sleep or misaligned circadian rhythms. (See 'Central disorders of hypersomnolence' above.) ●Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders are characterized by a chronic or recurrent sleep disturbance due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between the environment and an individual's sleep-wake cycle. (See 'Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders' above.) ●Parasomnias are undesirable physical events (movements, behaviors) or experiences (emotions, perceptions, dreams) that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep, or during arousals from sleep. (See 'Parasomnias' above.) ●Sleep-related movement disorders are characterized by simple, stereotypic movements that disturb sleep. Restless legs syndrome is the most common sleep-related movement disorder, although dysesthesias during wakefulness are the primary symptom. (See 'Sleep-related movement disorders' above.)

6,024

[ 128000, 3301, 91199, 2001, 51088, 24790, 315, 6212, 24673, 374, 3062, 1606, 433, 5410, 4861, 17931, 11, 36050, 17985, 315, 279, 4787, 11, 39990, 264, 7353, 41264, 23842, 11, 323, 73633, 264, 37538, 15439, 5603, 627, 791, 7327, 55982, 315, 24708, 73133, 320, 1341, 5608, 8, 374, 279, 1455, 13882, 1511, 24790, 1887, 369, 6212, 24673, 13, 578, 4948, 14002, 315, 279, 19845, 5608, 320, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 8, 5764, 8254, 3682, 11306, 315, 6212, 24673, 6394, 45048, 42845, 14228, 27027, 24673, 198, 45048, 44503, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 198, 45048, 34, 2496, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 24673, 198, 45048, 11663, 6212, 24673, 198, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 5764, 220, 1399, 3230, 85488, 2949, 279, 8254, 3682, 11306, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 459, 88677, 369, 24790, 315, 6212, 24673, 5938, 449, 6593, 323, 18247, 25205, 24673, 13, 578, 7327, 55982, 315, 70674, 320, 1341, 35, 12, 24, 7813, 44, 323, 358, 6620, 12, 605, 7813, 44, 8, 14236, 12435, 311, 1855, 3230, 23842, 649, 387, 1766, 2949, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 662, 24296, 11, 53166, 85488, 527, 539, 39575, 505, 6822, 85488, 3734, 369, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 662, 578, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 1946, 1392, 323, 19813, 311, 279, 15870, 6177, 14881, 369, 279, 2522, 5620, 315, 24708, 323, 26475, 18093, 11, 4756, 555, 279, 3778, 16192, 315, 24708, 19152, 16853, 791, 18172, 14002, 315, 279, 51088, 323, 66794, 14881, 315, 38895, 73133, 320, 6061, 44, 12, 20, 8, 1101, 538, 9803, 6212, 24673, 304, 264, 11827, 430, 14090, 72474, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 1887, 16853, 9751, 1937, 45, 5987, 2001, 578, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 36611, 2380, 12742, 4595, 315, 83511, 25, 2875, 9860, 83511, 19823, 11, 21249, 83511, 19823, 11, 323, 1023, 83511, 19823, 320, 9493, 279, 8893, 706, 83511, 13803, 719, 1587, 539, 3449, 13186, 369, 279, 1023, 1403, 4595, 315, 83511, 570, 30013, 47634, 1047, 38290, 1908, 21249, 83511, 19823, 1139, 6156, 323, 470, 269, 21301, 4595, 11, 719, 1521, 1051, 34373, 304, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 1606, 814, 1550, 539, 7417, 15439, 13708, 510, 16, 11, 17, 27218, 1163, 8535, 83511, 19823, 2001, 578, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 28230, 988, 682, 21249, 83511, 85488, 1234, 264, 3254, 19823, 11, 21249, 83511, 19823, 662, 73782, 83511, 19823, 7612, 264, 1934, 315, 264, 6212, 61568, 477, 6212, 13709, 3575, 11, 26613, 6776, 323, 13463, 311, 6212, 11, 323, 62182, 16296, 439, 279, 1121, 315, 279, 83511, 13803, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 83463, 323, 23842, 315, 83511, 304, 12884, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 4266, 315, 83511, 4527, 340, 1271, 3449, 15439, 13186, 369, 21249, 83511, 19823, 11, 279, 8893, 1288, 617, 13803, 520, 3325, 2380, 3115, 824, 2046, 927, 264, 8250, 315, 2380, 477, 810, 4038, 13, 8876, 83511, 374, 264, 3777, 315, 1690, 47657, 323, 6593, 4787, 11, 264, 23842, 315, 21249, 83511, 19823, 1288, 387, 6646, 1193, 994, 279, 83511, 374, 21102, 323, 7612, 4726, 16865, 323, 6514, 627, 12755, 9860, 83511, 19823, 2001, 362, 23842, 315, 2875, 9860, 83511, 19823, 2011, 3449, 279, 1890, 13186, 439, 21249, 83511, 3734, 430, 279, 13803, 617, 1027, 3118, 369, 2753, 1109, 2380, 4038, 13, 578, 4500, 374, 3629, 19502, 750, 5552, 311, 264, 5199, 8631, 269, 13, 2057, 1304, 420, 23842, 11, 279, 83511, 2011, 387, 459, 9678, 5357, 369, 279, 8893, 323, 5255, 1397, 8821, 14830, 6666, 13, 1115, 955, 315, 83511, 3629, 64397, 994, 279, 8631, 269, 1587, 11, 477, 994, 279, 8893, 39671, 26613, 63082, 24717, 477, 39732, 2641, 311, 279, 8631, 269, 662, 4452, 11, 304, 1063, 5157, 420, 1253, 38680, 1139, 264, 21249, 83511, 19823, 627, 50, 44390, 12, 35420, 81662, 4932, 1753, 12244, 4373, 4419, 2001, 24708, 14228, 27027, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 35663, 594, 29579, 2391, 6212, 26, 814, 12446, 304, 2225, 12884, 323, 2911, 662, 2684, 527, 3116, 3682, 5315, 315, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 512, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 198, 45048, 4213, 1257, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 320, 3204, 32, 8, 24673, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 24673, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 9950, 5241, 22689, 19823, 198, 9673, 5315, 527, 4726, 18255, 4184, 311, 872, 1880, 31226, 627, 21380, 5620, 15812, 389, 264, 86901, 1990, 4725, 323, 35663, 13, 13358, 5620, 2085, 5938, 3805, 3195, 30485, 11, 6212, 65858, 11, 477, 1023, 16296, 374, 16168, 4725, 11, 20444, 8987, 4224, 5620, 374, 3629, 961, 315, 507, 7934, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 21380, 5620, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 2001, 578, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 2997, 512, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 449, 8602, 82808, 40720, 8099, 27027, 320, 4151, 330, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 25, 32388, 9547, 11, 14830, 15864, 11, 323, 23842, 1158, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 4245, 264, 6593, 19823, 2085, 8602, 82808, 40720, 8099, 27027, 320, 4151, 330, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 25, 32388, 9547, 11, 14830, 15864, 11, 323, 23842, 1158, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 4245, 311, 1579, 36958, 39445, 27027, 198, 45048, 44503, 6212, 1469, 33252, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 320, 4151, 330, 42845, 10694, 10767, 27027, 304, 6978, 27076, 2740, 1701, 84460, 1158, 45048, 16352, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 198, 45048, 16352, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 315, 86617, 198, 45048, 16352, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 315, 6954, 38954, 198, 45048, 99654, 37612, 2431, 306, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 320, 4151, 330, 99654, 37612, 2431, 306, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 1158, 2173, 5296, 11, 6514, 37612, 2431, 306, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 320, 61917, 14183, 311, 439, 6485, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 279, 3347, 8, 574, 264, 502, 5369, 311, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 662, 578, 13186, 369, 420, 19823, 2997, 279, 30816, 315, 15871, 507, 7934, 2391, 15439, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 13, 30538, 61568, 315, 6514, 449, 6928, 3805, 3195, 7410, 320, 47, 2599, 8, 2085, 264, 16101, 4478, 11, 1070, 374, 49179, 477, 42056, 315, 8792, 1469, 818, 292, 4455, 8994, 11175, 315, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 13, 4314, 8792, 1469, 818, 292, 4455, 1101, 4250, 387, 30706, 311, 2500, 72450, 470, 30986, 19025, 1778, 439, 8602, 82808, 40720, 8099, 27027, 477, 1005, 315, 264, 20278, 320, 797, 11, 84460, 4390, 9290, 430, 1063, 6978, 1253, 617, 8792, 1469, 818, 292, 4455, 902, 34044, 2391, 2926, 393, 2599, 8305, 2214, 11, 3629, 994, 73194, 505, 15508, 311, 6212, 13, 4314, 8792, 4455, 1253, 9006, 449, 8292, 315, 323, 1695, 71628, 311, 393, 2599, 15419, 320, 44066, 2949, 832, 2305, 570, 56573, 430, 1521, 8792, 1469, 98357, 617, 20250, 649, 3629, 387, 1903, 449, 393, 2599, 5780, 31572, 2391, 14830, 1833, 5352, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 99654, 37612, 2431, 306, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 3343, 340, 4213, 1257, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 24673, 2001, 578, 507, 7934, 24673, 2997, 507, 7934, 304, 12884, 323, 507, 7934, 304, 2911, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 83463, 315, 24740, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 2911, 1, 323, 330, 96830, 15864, 323, 23842, 315, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 791, 23842, 315, 507, 7934, 304, 12884, 374, 1903, 994, 1070, 527, 220, 868, 477, 810, 15871, 54292, 535, 42631, 4455, 824, 6596, 11, 1524, 304, 279, 19821, 315, 5938, 13803, 477, 470, 269, 21301, 24673, 510, 16, 12, 18, 948, 763, 12884, 449, 6593, 477, 47657, 470, 269, 21301, 1385, 320, 797, 11, 63308, 11, 66298, 65415, 8624, 11, 30670, 532, 95235, 67184, 11, 44385, 535, 4851, 8060, 11, 12943, 11, 20335, 11, 25702, 32403, 11, 477, 20247, 19823, 8, 477, 12195, 477, 13803, 2737, 27639, 6212, 1918, 11, 36709, 11, 323, 5255, 83511, 11, 279, 23842, 315, 507, 7934, 649, 387, 1903, 994, 1070, 527, 4330, 477, 810, 47904, 54292, 535, 42631, 4455, 824, 6596, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 15864, 323, 23842, 315, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 12884, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 22427, 50915, 4527, 340, 16179, 304, 2922, 4422, 5382, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 706, 1317, 1027, 1511, 311, 15806, 369, 507, 7934, 11, 2162, 6212, 1469, 33252, 7649, 320, 12228, 835, 8, 374, 459, 10778, 15439, 1296, 304, 4183, 6978, 13, 9176, 34514, 835, 16346, 6767, 279, 42631, 65858, 1963, 3196, 389, 14975, 892, 13, 14636, 11, 433, 374, 3062, 311, 387, 8010, 430, 34514, 835, 1253, 79583, 42631, 1567, 11900, 1606, 14975, 892, 11, 323, 539, 6212, 892, 11, 374, 34716, 369, 279, 22702, 315, 279, 1963, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 7778, 6212, 1469, 33252, 7649, 369, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 36294, 23336, 13186, 369, 507, 7934, 1397, 430, 520, 3325, 832, 14830, 9455, 320, 9810, 5620, 11, 10278, 3093, 27027, 11, 1469, 33252, 11, 62182, 6212, 1918, 11, 17508, 7323, 11, 477, 1023, 14955, 8, 374, 3118, 13, 3735, 1065, 316, 77, 12968, 13186, 1397, 279, 9546, 315, 832, 477, 810, 54292, 535, 4455, 824, 6596, 315, 6212, 477, 11, 69487, 11, 6029, 315, 54292, 535, 22601, 688, 13763, 320, 20908, 8445, 17, 871, 1135, 9653, 39, 70, 369, 871, 914, 3346, 315, 6212, 892, 323, 5938, 4224, 5620, 11, 52139, 6147, 315, 72188, 3805, 3195, 7410, 73464, 11, 477, 52313, 950, 73833, 16833, 39130, 5717, 992, 7351, 570, 320, 10031, 330, 83463, 315, 24740, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 304, 2911, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 15000, 1065, 316, 77, 5814, 4527, 340, 42845, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 24673, 2001, 578, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 24673, 2997, 512, 45048, 4213, 28222, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 320, 4151, 330, 96830, 78167, 323, 23842, 315, 33048, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 1158, 45048, 31521, 268, 2223, 8792, 453, 588, 7569, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 320, 4151, 330, 4944, 8076, 315, 71702, 5382, 2585, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 31521, 268, 2223, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 6, 323, 330, 31521, 268, 2223, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 323, 1023, 11384, 315, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 304, 2911, 1158, 45048, 62557, 10539, 751, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 449, 45455, 278, 4079, 32403, 320, 4151, 330, 4944, 8076, 315, 71702, 5382, 2585, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 62557, 10539, 751, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 6, 323, 330, 31521, 268, 2223, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 323, 1023, 11384, 315, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 304, 2911, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 62557, 10539, 751, 8792, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 1329, 45048, 769, 72, 62209, 8792, 453, 588, 7569, 22601, 688, 13763, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 19823, 198, 18433, 22601, 688, 13763, 374, 4613, 555, 32389, 16056, 8445, 17, 5990, 11, 279, 13186, 369, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 1397, 279, 9546, 315, 32389, 16056, 8445, 17, 5990, 3060, 6089, 320, 1729, 80935, 6680, 6962, 19179, 8, 477, 46345, 320, 1729, 842, 2442, 26966, 7432, 17, 477, 1380, 10453, 18133, 7432, 17, 22323, 570, 3277, 29759, 21701, 304, 80935, 24463, 50843, 23246, 2421, 3346, 369, 871, 20, 4520, 8, 12446, 304, 279, 19821, 315, 7432, 17, 16967, 11, 279, 8821, 23842, 315, 6212, 14228, 9950, 5241, 22689, 19823, 374, 34716, 13, 6104, 6212, 14228, 9950, 5241, 22689, 374, 3629, 264, 22599, 315, 16940, 22601, 688, 13763, 11, 78545, 1288, 1101, 2980, 1023, 11384, 315, 9950, 5241, 22689, 320, 797, 11, 2349, 304, 56234, 45085, 55665, 510, 53, 46374, 60, 8141, 4390, 791, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 1101, 5764, 15439, 13186, 369, 33048, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 13, 14577, 1397, 62182, 27255, 315, 16056, 8445, 17, 77952, 1774, 9653, 39, 70, 8, 304, 264, 8893, 449, 264, 2547, 3148, 1963, 320, 96626, 8, 315, 871, 966, 21647, 3262, 17, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 912, 1023, 16940, 5353, 369, 22601, 688, 13763, 320, 21470, 439, 21271, 8624, 11, 21143, 442, 355, 22077, 8624, 11, 477, 31010, 570, 33405, 55681, 315, 62182, 22601, 688, 13763, 374, 539, 2631, 311, 58681, 1023, 7739, 315, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 78167, 323, 23842, 315, 33048, 22601, 688, 13763, 28439, 3343, 340, 47, 360, 55892, 24673, 320, 797, 11, 21249, 54292, 535, 70524, 8624, 11, 51643, 8, 527, 539, 6646, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 5694, 26, 4869, 11, 814, 649, 5353, 477, 52875, 349, 35663, 27027, 320, 797, 11, 22601, 688, 13763, 11, 9950, 5241, 22689, 8, 2391, 6212, 13, 763, 420, 2317, 11, 279, 23842, 315, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 477, 9950, 5241, 22689, 374, 1903, 13, 24708, 14228, 326, 661, 983, 4890, 10753, 323, 91620, 527, 1101, 539, 6646, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 26, 4619, 11, 814, 527, 6646, 6593, 24673, 902, 1253, 31889, 505, 6212, 627, 37438, 52831, 12244, 4373, 4419, 3083, 473, 10158, 4419, 1937, 9173, 26385, 2152, 2001, 578, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 2997, 1884, 24673, 304, 902, 279, 6156, 12458, 374, 62182, 6212, 1918, 430, 374, 539, 4245, 311, 2500, 6212, 19823, 11, 2737, 56507, 6212, 477, 5906, 48242, 4319, 10272, 81821, 662, 1398, 87728, 6212, 1918, 374, 4613, 439, 7446, 18243, 315, 459, 25912, 1911, 1260, 1205, 311, 6212, 477, 62182, 90417, 1139, 6212, 16853, 791, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 2997, 512, 45048, 45, 277, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 198, 45048, 45, 277, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 17, 198, 45048, 39, 1100, 388, 50405, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 19823, 198, 45048, 39, 1100, 388, 50405, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 198, 45048, 39, 1100, 388, 50405, 5938, 449, 264, 47657, 19823, 198, 45048, 15841, 27781, 6212, 28439, 198, 644, 13493, 14759, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 11, 16994, 16865, 369, 6212, 69764, 320, 648, 11, 39413, 6212, 28439, 8, 1288, 387, 11953, 704, 11, 5423, 304, 6978, 889, 1253, 1397, 5129, 6212, 18852, 311, 11322, 26613, 62182, 5225, 2136, 13, 24708, 18929, 323, 5255, 1180, 93170, 369, 520, 3325, 264, 2046, 4972, 311, 16865, 315, 16945, 6212, 1918, 449, 264, 29911, 24708, 10128, 2301, 3475, 320, 4931, 28504, 8, 1520, 10356, 264, 5912, 6212, 2695, 731, 9899, 323, 26613, 6212, 892, 13, 51088, 13186, 369, 44669, 56745, 46246, 323, 41760, 62209, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 2997, 386, 8143, 51, 13186, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 29688, 613, 311, 279, 8893, 449, 27639, 62182, 6212, 1918, 3343, 340, 45, 277, 56745, 46246, 2001, 29853, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 5764, 6978, 449, 27639, 6212, 1918, 5636, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 323, 5255, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 13, 29853, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 374, 29704, 555, 3060, 28091, 15222, 2203, 992, 15962, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 23246, 5120, 17953, 93422, 11, 477, 2753, 1109, 832, 30277, 315, 279, 7617, 1413, 2819, 389, 264, 51114, 65033, 1237, 477, 264, 3152, 6212, 40370, 315, 38394, 23, 4520, 323, 1403, 6212, 42080, 11295, 8071, 7351, 18852, 320, 50, 6005, 5901, 82, 26, 2949, 220, 868, 4520, 315, 6212, 42080, 8, 389, 459, 386, 8143, 51, 320, 438, 5255, 279, 25402, 99919, 316, 77, 13255, 705, 3235, 449, 264, 3925, 315, 2867, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 18243, 13, 7181, 430, 539, 682, 6978, 449, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 617, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 26, 4869, 11, 814, 527, 2103, 32971, 439, 3515, 44669, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 13, 9176, 690, 2274, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 3010, 304, 279, 3388, 315, 279, 19823, 13, 28943, 99592, 369, 67586, 2171, 258, 26314, 527, 1457, 2561, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 4519, 323, 23842, 315, 44669, 56745, 46246, 304, 12884, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 11663, 27692, 7177, 4527, 340, 45, 277, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 17, 374, 29704, 449, 279, 1890, 386, 8143, 51, 323, 5745, 793, 5901, 13186, 439, 7633, 304, 44669, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 16, 26, 4869, 11, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 323, 5255, 28091, 15222, 2203, 992, 15962, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 320, 333, 17303, 8, 527, 539, 3118, 13, 362, 1579, 4478, 315, 905, 6928, 386, 8143, 53893, 369, 44669, 56745, 46246, 955, 220, 17, 706, 1027, 7633, 13, 763, 682, 29736, 11, 1690, 315, 1521, 905, 64756, 527, 4245, 311, 46579, 18459, 320, 648, 11, 83920, 39413, 6212, 323, 5255, 29852, 4319, 10272, 6212, 2695, 731, 12912, 8, 4972, 311, 7649, 627, 769, 72, 62209, 87752, 50405, 2001, 5336, 72, 62209, 87752, 50405, 374, 29704, 994, 279, 8893, 706, 44122, 6212, 1918, 449, 459, 386, 8143, 51, 9204, 264, 3152, 6212, 40370, 315, 38394, 23, 4520, 449, 17162, 1109, 1403, 5745, 793, 5901, 82, 389, 279, 386, 8143, 51, 5636, 279, 25402, 99919, 316, 77, 13255, 11, 3235, 449, 279, 19821, 315, 8415, 391, 2635, 88, 477, 67586, 2171, 258, 12, 16, 48294, 320, 333, 17303, 570, 1102, 374, 3062, 311, 6037, 704, 1023, 11384, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 11, 2737, 6212, 69764, 627, 29815, 389, 279, 2561, 6029, 11, 433, 374, 25420, 3508, 41760, 62209, 87752, 50405, 374, 264, 3254, 36222, 481, 19823, 477, 264, 17226, 1912, 315, 24673, 449, 2204, 89961, 24717, 13239, 304, 264, 4528, 14830, 82423, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 769, 72, 62209, 87752, 50405, 3343, 340, 42, 92933, 47268, 9799, 28439, 2001, 27446, 483, 47268, 9799, 28439, 323, 39413, 6212, 28439, 527, 22690, 18403, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 42, 92933, 47268, 9799, 28439, 320, 2827, 963, 87752, 50405, 10143, 323, 330, 15841, 27781, 6212, 25, 20288, 11, 62057, 2508, 11, 323, 31959, 20124, 3343, 340, 11663, 87752, 316, 77, 3557, 2001, 763, 87752, 50405, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 19823, 477, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 87752, 50405, 5938, 449, 264, 47657, 19823, 11, 279, 23842, 649, 387, 1903, 2085, 16785, 459, 386, 8143, 51, 13, 33135, 19971, 374, 3062, 304, 13493, 14759, 682, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 13, 24296, 11, 1023, 6212, 24673, 320, 797, 11, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 477, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 8, 649, 3041, 10205, 311, 27639, 6212, 892, 323, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 323, 2011, 387, 10489, 29704, 323, 12020, 1603, 279, 23842, 315, 264, 8792, 19823, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 374, 1903, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 849, 87728, 62182, 6212, 1918, 4245, 311, 6593, 24673, 323, 31010, 3343, 340, 15841, 27781, 6212, 1288, 539, 387, 45536, 439, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 4279, 11384, 315, 62182, 6212, 1918, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 15841, 27781, 6212, 25, 20288, 11, 62057, 2508, 11, 323, 31959, 20124, 1, 323, 330, 15841, 27781, 6212, 25, 40388, 323, 6373, 3343, 340, 34, 2871, 49670, 22774, 432, 49952, 3701, 44, 328, 44390, 13299, 26553, 12244, 4373, 4419, 2001, 16741, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 264, 21249, 477, 65174, 6212, 65858, 4245, 311, 73681, 315, 279, 4319, 10272, 1887, 477, 5906, 45698, 1990, 279, 4676, 323, 459, 3927, 596, 6212, 2695, 731, 11008, 662, 3331, 13186, 4279, 311, 682, 315, 279, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 2997, 512, 45048, 32, 21249, 477, 65174, 5497, 315, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 44219, 9057, 555, 459, 73681, 304, 279, 842, 53595, 4319, 10272, 18912, 1887, 323, 279, 12974, 477, 2631, 6212, 2695, 731, 9899, 198, 45048, 791, 9546, 315, 264, 6212, 2695, 731, 65858, 11, 2737, 83511, 323, 5255, 27639, 6212, 1918, 198, 45048, 54069, 35104, 477, 53317, 198, 2460, 24673, 11, 3734, 17004, 22171, 19823, 11, 1397, 264, 49648, 8250, 315, 520, 3325, 2380, 4038, 13, 31197, 750, 11, 4319, 10272, 18912, 374, 27470, 85121, 449, 1180, 93170, 323, 5255, 39538, 91141, 1778, 439, 5213, 18179, 10804, 99512, 42080, 13, 7974, 660, 3488, 69663, 11, 2737, 279, 6693, 2136, 92631, 287, 2136, 48964, 311, 10765, 27076, 4249, 11, 649, 1101, 387, 11190, 719, 527, 539, 2631, 311, 1304, 279, 23842, 315, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 42144, 315, 4319, 10272, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 24673, 3343, 340, 3947, 527, 3892, 4595, 315, 4319, 10272, 37390, 24673, 512, 45048, 25882, 990, 19823, 323, 17004, 22171, 19823, 527, 279, 1455, 4279, 4595, 315, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 85160, 11, 8051, 1521, 656, 539, 3629, 2586, 311, 6593, 6666, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 36741, 22171, 1, 323, 330, 42845, 2695, 731, 85160, 304, 6541, 7487, 3343, 340, 45048, 58461, 6212, 2695, 731, 10474, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 6212, 323, 15508, 3115, 430, 527, 14464, 1870, 23540, 7863, 449, 21349, 3115, 13, 362, 14595, 8893, 706, 17250, 16054, 33173, 520, 264, 21349, 89607, 323, 1384, 71837, 3389, 304, 279, 6693, 13, 24708, 374, 3629, 4725, 3131, 433, 374, 33230, 13, 4452, 11, 1063, 6978, 690, 2274, 264, 470, 269, 21301, 21249, 83511, 3575, 11, 902, 1253, 1121, 304, 17250, 79516, 477, 20958, 6212, 11, 1524, 389, 279, 23540, 9899, 13, 1115, 19823, 374, 1455, 46941, 304, 51516, 323, 14992, 12884, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 58461, 6212, 2695, 731, 10474, 19823, 3343, 340, 45048, 36557, 6212, 2695, 731, 10474, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 6212, 323, 15508, 3115, 430, 527, 14464, 1870, 4216, 7863, 449, 21349, 3115, 13, 362, 14595, 8893, 17503, 33173, 4216, 323, 1384, 71837, 4216, 88558, 13, 1115, 19823, 374, 539, 17037, 5068, 11, 719, 433, 374, 810, 4461, 311, 387, 13468, 304, 9191, 12884, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 36557, 6212, 2695, 731, 10474, 19823, 3343, 340, 45048, 49213, 23108, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 6996, 315, 264, 9539, 4613, 4319, 10272, 37390, 315, 6212, 323, 15508, 13, 1115, 19823, 374, 17037, 5938, 449, 48006, 24673, 304, 2911, 323, 304, 12884, 449, 18247, 451, 7642, 1413, 19338, 1778, 439, 44531, 8624, 11, 62145, 8624, 11, 323, 75851, 8624, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 42845, 2695, 731, 85160, 323, 6212, 24673, 304, 6978, 449, 52857, 3343, 340, 45048, 8284, 12, 1187, 21925, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 39388, 54643, 18852, 315, 83511, 323, 5255, 27639, 6212, 1918, 430, 12446, 1606, 279, 47701, 4319, 10272, 23744, 59775, 374, 539, 11751, 2692, 311, 264, 220, 1187, 21925, 3177, 3529, 847, 11008, 13, 7648, 7931, 449, 420, 19823, 527, 12756, 18507, 11, 323, 279, 8060, 311, 11751, 467, 4319, 10272, 81821, 374, 5552, 311, 279, 6996, 315, 4604, 292, 1988, 311, 279, 4319, 10272, 23744, 59775, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 8284, 12, 1187, 21925, 6212, 2695, 731, 37390, 19823, 3343, 340, 45048, 34, 2496, 10272, 6212, 2695, 731, 19823, 539, 6062, 32971, 627, 45048, 34, 2496, 10272, 37390, 24673, 649, 1101, 387, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 11, 47657, 11, 477, 18247, 25205, 19823, 627, 16976, 1950, 1937, 15259, 1950, 2001, 94137, 316, 77, 3557, 527, 77344, 7106, 4455, 320, 24126, 19567, 11, 28198, 8, 477, 11704, 320, 336, 41356, 11, 51866, 11, 19226, 8, 430, 12446, 2391, 4441, 1139, 6212, 11, 2949, 6212, 11, 477, 2391, 75123, 1147, 505, 6212, 662, 578, 13468, 28198, 527, 810, 6485, 323, 5101, 810, 7580, 1285, 1109, 279, 23473, 354, 33601, 5820, 3970, 304, 7351, 24673, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 29688, 613, 311, 35663, 19567, 323, 28198, 2391, 6212, 3343, 340, 791, 33403, 50405, 5699, 374, 18255, 1139, 2536, 3880, 44221, 8071, 7351, 320, 45, 84537, 7435, 9920, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 11, 11295, 8071, 7351, 320, 84537, 7435, 9920, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 11, 323, 1023, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 13, 24708, 7556, 374, 6646, 264, 4725, 11678, 323, 13980, 520, 1063, 892, 304, 1455, 4725, 6212, 388, 627, 45, 84537, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 2001, 452, 84537, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 527, 24673, 315, 87917, 13, 2435, 2997, 2389, 355, 4001, 75123, 1147, 11, 6212, 81749, 11, 6212, 259, 7805, 11, 323, 6212, 14228, 12459, 19823, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 4368, 300, 316, 77, 3557, 315, 20587, 11, 2737, 6212, 81749, 1, 323, 330, 4944, 8076, 315, 87917, 505, 2536, 3880, 44221, 8071, 7351, 6212, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 791, 4689, 13186, 369, 279, 452, 84537, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 2997, 512, 45048, 697, 3311, 18243, 315, 33243, 75149, 5938, 449, 35663, 28198, 323, 5255, 11704, 198, 45048, 81351, 477, 33781, 100039, 198, 45048, 75577, 477, 912, 75310, 477, 8063, 1934, 11, 323, 198, 45048, 38414, 477, 4686, 1097, 98575, 369, 279, 1567, 198, 4959, 19823, 706, 4726, 15439, 13186, 26, 4869, 11, 6978, 1253, 3449, 15439, 13186, 369, 810, 1109, 832, 3044, 13, 1666, 459, 3187, 11, 459, 3927, 649, 3449, 13186, 369, 2225, 6212, 259, 7805, 323, 6212, 81749, 627, 84537, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 2001, 26669, 14228, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 21736, 279, 82146, 315, 279, 4519, 315, 26669, 6212, 1139, 15508, 31514, 320, 797, 11, 6212, 86139, 705, 39030, 367, 315, 279, 4519, 315, 26669, 6212, 320, 797, 11, 38911, 19823, 705, 477, 82102, 811, 315, 26669, 6212, 78152, 320, 797, 11, 6996, 315, 520, 21947, 439, 13468, 304, 26669, 6212, 7865, 19823, 4390, 22427, 50915, 315, 26669, 6212, 7865, 19823, 320, 49, 9740, 8, 7612, 279, 9546, 315, 11763, 18243, 315, 7865, 477, 26480, 2065, 2391, 26669, 6212, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 1070, 2011, 387, 6029, 315, 26669, 6212, 2085, 520, 21947, 2391, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 13, 33135, 14955, 315, 432, 9740, 1253, 1101, 387, 10555, 304, 6978, 4737, 3738, 31010, 11, 5423, 1446, 26934, 75439, 65211, 1821, 13, 763, 1521, 6978, 11, 279, 23842, 315, 432, 9740, 374, 2103, 1903, 320, 438, 539, 33403, 50405, 4245, 311, 24099, 477, 20278, 8, 422, 279, 15439, 13186, 369, 432, 9740, 527, 2322, 13, 362, 1579, 11668, 315, 6978, 449, 279, 41760, 62209, 8205, 315, 432, 9740, 690, 9778, 2274, 459, 8451, 1355, 1910, 22935, 258, 54042, 11, 1455, 3629, 62145, 8624, 13, 15636, 11, 64908, 16865, 323, 1833, 5352, 374, 7718, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 49, 44221, 8071, 7351, 6212, 7865, 19823, 3343, 340, 51537, 28755, 19823, 374, 32971, 555, 65174, 11, 7701, 22709, 764, 27456, 477, 18547, 2922, 21825, 19226, 430, 527, 9539, 32230, 5304, 75149, 323, 1121, 304, 5199, 35104, 477, 53317, 13, 13120, 63636, 527, 264, 4279, 2449, 315, 1023, 24673, 11, 5423, 1772, 80367, 33030, 8631, 19823, 13, 1115, 23842, 374, 1903, 1193, 994, 279, 75362, 3719, 264, 5357, 315, 14830, 6666, 477, 1397, 9678, 6514, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 51537, 63636, 323, 38911, 19823, 304, 12884, 3343, 340, 11663, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 2001, 7089, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 11984, 912, 3230, 5133, 311, 6212, 6566, 13, 4314, 2997, 25, 73745, 2010, 28439, 11, 6212, 14228, 59123, 12922, 11, 6212, 665, 1439, 285, 11, 33403, 50405, 5938, 449, 6593, 24673, 11, 33403, 50405, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 11, 323, 55411, 33403, 50405, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 29688, 613, 311, 35663, 19567, 323, 28198, 2391, 6212, 3343, 340, 50, 44390, 12, 35420, 38728, 16837, 12244, 4373, 4419, 2001, 24708, 14228, 7351, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 4382, 11, 23473, 37941, 292, 19567, 430, 38323, 6212, 662, 44430, 1253, 477, 1253, 539, 387, 8010, 315, 1521, 19567, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 29688, 613, 311, 35663, 19567, 323, 28198, 2391, 6212, 3343, 340, 29012, 52273, 315, 6212, 65858, 320, 797, 11, 83511, 11, 62182, 6212, 1918, 11, 36709, 8, 527, 2631, 311, 58681, 264, 6212, 14228, 7351, 19823, 13, 54385, 3808, 430, 12446, 2391, 6212, 719, 656, 539, 69214, 7958, 6212, 477, 62182, 734, 527, 539, 6646, 264, 6212, 14228, 7351, 19823, 13, 9240, 1752, 14535, 28439, 320, 4833, 50, 8, 374, 1101, 5343, 304, 420, 1912, 315, 24673, 26, 4869, 11, 14282, 325, 267, 17082, 3557, 2391, 15508, 31514, 527, 279, 6156, 49648, 627, 42845, 14228, 7351, 24673, 2997, 512, 45048, 12698, 1752, 14535, 28439, 198, 45048, 24684, 292, 48694, 7351, 19823, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 1437, 2249, 2191, 320, 668, 774, 17282, 340, 45048, 42845, 14228, 29171, 21914, 7351, 19823, 198, 45048, 25584, 625, 6212, 856, 511, 12490, 355, 315, 86617, 198, 45048, 2051, 462, 4890, 992, 856, 511, 12490, 355, 520, 6212, 42080, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 19823, 4245, 311, 264, 6593, 19823, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 19823, 4245, 311, 264, 24099, 477, 20278, 198, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 19823, 11, 55411, 198, 12698, 1752, 14535, 28439, 2001, 432, 7416, 374, 71974, 439, 264, 6212, 14228, 7351, 19823, 4245, 311, 1202, 3345, 15360, 449, 39445, 48694, 19567, 323, 1202, 37015, 5133, 311, 6212, 42080, 11, 1524, 3582, 433, 1587, 539, 15871, 14794, 439, 4382, 11, 23473, 37941, 292, 19567, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 4519, 323, 23842, 315, 89358, 14535, 28439, 323, 39445, 48694, 7351, 19823, 304, 12884, 1, 323, 330, 12698, 1752, 14535, 28439, 323, 39445, 48694, 7351, 19823, 304, 2911, 3343, 340, 791, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 15439, 13186, 369, 432, 7416, 2997, 279, 33147, 311, 3351, 279, 14535, 323, 5255, 279, 9546, 315, 29213, 72597, 430, 12446, 15871, 449, 2800, 18480, 7323, 13, 4314, 13803, 527, 520, 3325, 26310, 51512, 449, 7351, 320, 300, 1317, 439, 279, 7351, 67145, 8, 323, 617, 264, 4319, 10272, 13189, 304, 430, 279, 13803, 12446, 15871, 304, 279, 11714, 477, 3814, 662, 7429, 11, 279, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 13186, 1397, 430, 459, 5938, 6212, 19823, 11, 35104, 11, 477, 53317, 374, 3118, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 96830, 4519, 323, 23842, 315, 89358, 14535, 28439, 323, 39445, 48694, 7351, 19823, 304, 12884, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 22427, 50915, 4527, 340, 24684, 292, 48694, 7351, 19823, 2001, 26572, 292, 48694, 19567, 527, 14134, 10555, 2391, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 13, 1789, 39445, 48694, 19567, 311, 387, 6646, 264, 19823, 11, 814, 2011, 12446, 389, 99919, 316, 77, 5814, 810, 1109, 220, 868, 3115, 824, 6596, 304, 12884, 477, 810, 1109, 220, 20, 3115, 824, 6596, 304, 2911, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 459, 3927, 2011, 1934, 264, 6212, 65858, 477, 1063, 1376, 315, 16003, 53317, 430, 374, 25540, 750, 5552, 311, 279, 39445, 48694, 19567, 13, 320, 10031, 330, 15000, 1065, 316, 77, 5814, 304, 279, 16865, 315, 35663, 19567, 2391, 6212, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 24684, 292, 48694, 19567, 315, 6212, 4527, 340, 24684, 292, 48694, 7351, 19823, 1288, 539, 387, 29704, 449, 35135, 83920, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 11, 432, 7416, 11, 44669, 56745, 46246, 11, 477, 26669, 6212, 7865, 19823, 320, 49, 9740, 705, 2533, 39445, 48694, 19567, 527, 17037, 3970, 449, 1521, 24673, 627, 31367, 328, 44390, 12244, 4373, 4419, 2001, 1115, 5699, 5764, 6212, 24673, 430, 4250, 387, 36001, 21771, 18403, 304, 279, 4948, 14002, 315, 279, 7327, 55982, 315, 24708, 73133, 320, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 705, 3060, 1606, 279, 19823, 77107, 449, 810, 1109, 832, 5699, 477, 994, 39413, 828, 706, 1027, 14890, 311, 32620, 5813, 2500, 23842, 662, 73133, 430, 527, 24121, 5552, 311, 12434, 65858, 1253, 1101, 387, 21771, 1618, 627, 15049, 4794, 16213, 2001, 578, 4948, 14002, 315, 279, 7327, 55982, 315, 24708, 73133, 320, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 8, 5764, 1403, 8911, 1238, 6394, 45048, 24819, 953, 362, 5764, 85488, 430, 649, 387, 21771, 439, 6593, 477, 18247, 25205, 24673, 320, 797, 11, 19094, 98304, 83511, 11, 6212, 14228, 70655, 477, 55403, 11, 6212, 14228, 326, 661, 983, 4890, 10753, 11, 6212, 14228, 59349, 288, 99054, 278, 93262, 11, 323, 6212, 14228, 95736, 532, 98108, 689, 570, 320, 10031, 330, 35, 1082, 2315, 315, 279, 8792, 23418, 1887, 9057, 555, 550, 919, 498, 3857, 389, 364, 63496, 98304, 83511, 4527, 340, 45048, 24819, 953, 426, 374, 264, 8641, 311, 279, 7327, 55982, 315, 70674, 320, 1341, 35, 12, 605, 7813, 44, 8, 11058, 369, 20278, 38973, 6212, 24673, 627, 691, 27400, 4716, 45470, 10990, 50, 2001, 3216, 77154, 6209, 1403, 4595, 315, 8893, 6873, 7384, 11, 330, 791, 68276, 1, 323, 330, 56441, 279, 68276, 1210, 578, 68276, 8893, 6873, 9863, 527, 5439, 304, 14733, 4221, 11, 520, 279, 220, 20, 339, 311, 220, 21, 339, 12239, 5403, 2237, 11, 323, 814, 4320, 279, 3116, 477, 4330, 1401, 4860, 264, 8893, 2643, 617, 922, 264, 2728, 3044, 13, 4314, 9908, 527, 1888, 369, 6978, 889, 1390, 264, 4689, 24131, 323, 889, 10932, 2875, 11, 4228, 4791, 29906, 7384, 13, 31886, 279, 68276, 8893, 6873, 9863, 527, 5129, 11, 810, 27877, 11, 323, 810, 11944, 13, 4314, 9908, 527, 5439, 520, 279, 220, 605, 339, 311, 220, 717, 339, 12239, 5403, 2237, 323, 527, 1888, 369, 6978, 889, 1390, 304, 31410, 2038, 323, 527, 10882, 449, 1063, 6593, 503, 71921, 627, 8586, 527, 279, 8893, 6873, 9908, 430, 527, 9959, 311, 420, 8712, 13, 1226, 15253, 499, 311, 1194, 477, 384, 11724, 1521, 13650, 311, 701, 6978, 13, 320, 2675, 649, 1101, 25539, 8893, 6873, 9908, 389, 264, 8205, 315, 15223, 555, 15389, 389, 330, 23557, 3630, 1, 323, 279, 16570, 1161, 8, 315, 2802, 29275, 45048, 56441, 279, 68276, 13650, 512, 45048, 791, 4948, 14002, 315, 279, 7327, 55982, 315, 24708, 73133, 320, 1341, 5608, 12, 18, 8, 538, 9803, 6212, 24673, 1139, 8254, 3682, 11306, 25, 83511, 24673, 11, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 11, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 50405, 11, 4319, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 11, 33403, 316, 77, 3557, 11, 6212, 14228, 7351, 24673, 11, 323, 1023, 6212, 24673, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 38255, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 791, 19845, 5608, 12, 18, 36611, 2380, 12742, 4595, 315, 83511, 25, 2875, 9860, 83511, 19823, 11, 21249, 83511, 19823, 11, 323, 1023, 83511, 19823, 320, 9493, 279, 8893, 706, 83511, 13803, 719, 1587, 539, 3449, 13186, 369, 279, 1023, 1403, 4595, 315, 83511, 570, 320, 10031, 364, 15841, 50405, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 42845, 14228, 27027, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 35663, 594, 29579, 2391, 6212, 26, 814, 12446, 304, 2225, 12884, 323, 2911, 13, 2684, 527, 3116, 3682, 5315, 315, 6212, 14228, 27027, 24673, 25, 8792, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 11, 54292, 535, 6212, 1469, 33252, 22013, 442, 288, 11, 6212, 14228, 22601, 688, 13763, 24673, 11, 323, 6212, 14228, 9950, 5241, 22689, 19823, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 42845, 14228, 27027, 24673, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 791, 8792, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 2997, 1884, 24673, 304, 902, 279, 6156, 12458, 374, 62182, 6212, 1918, 430, 374, 539, 4245, 311, 2500, 6212, 19823, 11, 2737, 56507, 6212, 477, 5906, 48242, 4319, 10272, 81821, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 44503, 24673, 315, 87752, 316, 77, 337, 768, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 34, 2496, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 264, 21249, 477, 65174, 6212, 65858, 4245, 311, 73681, 315, 279, 4319, 10272, 1887, 477, 5906, 45698, 1990, 279, 4676, 323, 459, 3927, 596, 6212, 2695, 731, 11008, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 34, 2496, 10272, 37390, 6212, 2695, 731, 24673, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 4368, 300, 316, 77, 3557, 527, 77344, 7106, 4455, 320, 31061, 3808, 11, 28198, 8, 477, 11704, 320, 336, 41356, 11, 51866, 11, 19226, 8, 430, 12446, 2391, 4441, 1139, 6212, 11, 2949, 6212, 11, 477, 2391, 75123, 1147, 505, 6212, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 4368, 300, 316, 77, 3557, 6, 3485, 29275, 45048, 42845, 14228, 7351, 24673, 527, 32971, 555, 4382, 11, 23473, 37941, 292, 19567, 430, 38323, 6212, 13, 9240, 1752, 14535, 28439, 374, 279, 1455, 4279, 6212, 14228, 7351, 19823, 11, 8051, 14282, 325, 267, 17082, 3557, 2391, 15508, 31514, 527, 279, 6156, 49648, 13, 320, 10031, 364, 42845, 14228, 7351, 24673, 6, 3485, 6266, 128001 ]

The hardest code to crack depends on several factors, including the encryption algorithm used, key length, and implementation. Generally speaking, modern encryption algorithms like AES and RSA with sufficiently long keys are considered very difficult to crack without major advances in cryptanalysis or significant computing resources. What makes a code hard to crack? There are a few key properties that make a code difficult to crack: - Strong encryption algorithm – The underlying math and logic of the encryption scheme must be complex and robust against known cryptanalytic attacks. - Long key length – Longer encryption keys mean more possible combinations to try when brute forcing. 128-bit and 256-bit keys for AES are standard. - Proper implementation – The encryption scheme must be properly implemented without flaws that could provide an attack vector. - Absence of backdoors – Backdoors intentionally placed in the code can bypass the encryption and provide easy access. What are some of the hardest encryption algorithms to crack? Some examples of widely used encryption algorithms considered very difficult to crack include: - AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) – A symmetric key algorithm used worldwide. Brute forcing a 256-bit key is considered infeasible. - RSA – A public-key algorithm based on factoring large prime numbers. RSA keys of 4096 bits or more are very difficult to break. - Elliptic curve cryptography – Based on algebra of elliptic curves over finite fields. Provides strong security with smaller keys than RSA. - One-time pad – Unbreakable in theory but difficult to implement correctly in practice. What factors make cracking encryption harder? Some factors that increase the difficulty of cracking encrypted data include: - Longer key length – More possible keys mean more brute force attempts needed. - Stronger algorithms – Advanced math problems are more difficult for computers to solve. - Proper implementation – Eliminating side-channel attacks and backdoors prevents shortcut attacks. - Limited computing resources – Restricting attackers’ computing power increases brute force difficulty. - No reused keys – One-time keys remove cryptanalytic options like crib dragging. - Salting and iterations – Adding randomness and computing steps complicates dictionary and rainbow table attacks. What are some encryption methods that are relatively easier to crack? Some types of encryption that provide less security against modern cracking methods include: - Substitution ciphers – Simple letter substitution is easy to break with frequency analysis. - Affine and Vigenère ciphers – Mathematical ciphers breakable with Kasiski examination, guessing key length. - ROT13 – A Caesar cipher with just 13 character rotations is trivial to break. - DES and 3DES – Block cipher vulnerable to brute force attacks with insufficient 56-bit/112-bit keys. - Unhashed passwords – Unhashed plaintext passwords are instantly cracked with access. - 40-bit and 64-bit WEP – Wireless encryption methods crackable with weaknesses in RC4 stream cipher. What are the best practices for implementing strong encryption? Some best practices for implementing encryption that is difficult to crack include: - Using trusted, standardized algorithms like AES, SHA-256, etc. - Choosing sufficiently long keys – at least 256 bits for symmetric encryption and 2048+ bits for public key encryption. - Generating keys using a Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator (CSPRNG). - Properly salting and hashing passwords to prevent rainbow table attacks. - Enabling Perfect Forward Secrecy for key exchange in applications like HTTPS. - Rotating and updating keys periodically to limit damage from leaks. - Following secure key management procedures to prevent unauthorized access. - Enforcing principle of least privilege for decryption access. What are some examples of famously unbroken codes? Some examples of unbroken historical ciphers and codes include: - The Voynich Manuscript – encrypted book from 15th century still undeciphered after centuries of attempts. - Kryptos – Encrypted sculpture at CIA headquarters with 4 messages, of which 3 have been cracked so far. - Zodiac Killer ciphers – Multiple unsolved cipher messages sent by unknown serial killer. - Dorabella Cipher – Unbroken cipher from 1897 believed to be created by composer Edward Elgar. - Rongorongo – Undeciphered proto-writing system from Easter Island. - Phaistos Disk – Inscribed clay disk from 1700 BC with 241 symbols in spiral pattern. - Beale Ciphers – Three substitution ciphers from 1885 with claims of buried treasure. While these codes and ciphers remain technically unbroken, many experts believe it is due to lack of ciphertext to analyze rather than fundamental cryptographic strength. However, they do illustrate the enduring fascination with deciphering hidden information throughout history. How long would it take to crack strong encryption algorithms like AES-256? There is no known way to break AES-256 encryption by brute force faster than trying all possible keys. With current computing technology, these brute force cracking time estimates can be made: - AES-128 – Up to 3.31 x 10^51 years with 1 billion billion keys per second. - AES-192 – Up to 3.31 x 10^57 years with 1 billion billion keys per second. - AES-256 – Up to 3.31 x 10^63 years with 1 billion billion keys per second. In other words, it is not practically feasible to brute force modern encryption algorithms. Attacks concentrate on implementation weaknesses instead. However, quantum computing could potentially allow brute forcing AES in the future. How can quantum computing affect code cracking? Quantum computing utilizes quantum mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to perform calculations fundamentally differently than classical computers. This gives quantum computers potential advantages for breaking encryption: - Shor’s algorithm – Efficiently finds prime factors of large numbers, breaking RSA encryption. - Grover’s algorithm – Provides quadratic speedup for brute force search, halving key sizes that can be broken. - Quantum annealing – Adapts concepts from quantum physics to solve optimization problems for cryptanalysis. However, symmetric algorithms like AES are thought to be relatively secure against brute force speedups from quantum computers if key sizes are doubled. Post-quantum cryptography is also an active area of research to develop new encryption resistant to quantum attacks. What are some organizations working to crack encryption? Some organizations known to work on cryptanalysis and developing codebreaking capabilities include: - Government intelligence agencies (NSA, GCHQ, etc.) – Vast computing resources and cryptanalysis teams dedicated to breaking codes. - Academic institutions – Mathematics and computer science departments advancing cryptanalytic techniques. - Security research contractors – Private firms contracted to work on cryptographic problems and backdoors. - Hacker collectives – Groups like Chaos Computer Club that organize collaboratively to break encryption. - Companies – Providers of commercial cryptanalysis tools and services for clients. There is continual advancement in the field of cryptanalysis, with major breakthroughs generally kept secret. However, most experts believe cryptosystems like AES, RSA, and elliptic curves remain secure when properly implemented at sufficient key sizes. Which cryptographic areas have governments invested most heavily in? Governments worldwide invest most heavily in these core cryptographic capabilities: - Codebreaking – NSA and others operate large computing facilities dedicated to cryptanalysis and quantum computing research. - Backdoors – Efforts to insert backdoors and weaknesses into commercial encryption products and standards. - Traffic analysis – Analyzing encrypted communications patterns for metadata instead of decrypting content. - Quantum cryptography – Developing encryption like quantum key distribution to be secure against quantum attacks. - Post-quantum cryptography – Designing new public key algorithms resistant to quantum algorithms. The goal is to retain the capability to access encrypted data and communications, both through cryptanalysis and influencing cryptography standards and implementations. How can complex cryptography concepts like elliptic curves be explained simply? Elliptic curve cryptography relies on some fairly complex mathematical concepts, but the basics can be summarized: - Elliptic curves are mathematical curves defined by cubic equations, forming a smooth looping shape. - Elliptic curve operations use point addition – adding points on the curve results in a third point on the curve. - This allows defining cryptographic operations like key generation, encryption, and digital signatures using point operations. - The discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves is very difficult, providing cryptographic security. - Keys based on elliptic curves can be much smaller than equivalently secure RSA keys leading to efficiency benefits. In essence, the complex math makes elliptic curve operations easy to do but hard to undo, perfect for cryptography. The abstract elliptic curve operations happen under the hood giving users simple, secure encryption. Modern strong encryption like AES, RSA, and elliptic curve cryptography provides security that cannot be directly broken through mathematical cryptanalysis with current public computing capabilities. However, weaknesses in implementation and key management can often be exploited in practice. Proper use of trusted protocols and staying ahead of advances like quantum computing will be critical to maintaining difficult-to-crack security into the future.

1,904

[ 128000, 791, 37554, 2082, 311, 17944, 14117, 389, 3892, 9547, 11, 2737, 279, 26542, 12384, 1511, 11, 1401, 3160, 11, 323, 8292, 13, 44493, 12365, 11, 6617, 26542, 26249, 1093, 39941, 323, 46741, 449, 40044, 1317, 7039, 527, 6646, 1633, 5107, 311, 17944, 2085, 3682, 31003, 304, 14774, 35584, 477, 5199, 25213, 5070, 627, 3923, 3727, 264, 2082, 2653, 311, 17944, 5380, 3947, 527, 264, 2478, 1401, 6012, 430, 1304, 264, 2082, 5107, 311, 17944, 512, 12, 27191, 26542, 12384, 1389, 578, 16940, 7033, 323, 12496, 315, 279, 26542, 13155, 2011, 387, 6485, 323, 22514, 2403, 3967, 14774, 44803, 29150, 8951, 627, 12, 5843, 1401, 3160, 1389, 94426, 26542, 7039, 3152, 810, 3284, 28559, 311, 1456, 994, 65198, 25957, 13, 220, 4386, 15615, 323, 220, 4146, 15615, 7039, 369, 39941, 527, 5410, 627, 12, 65658, 8292, 1389, 578, 26542, 13155, 2011, 387, 10489, 11798, 2085, 41859, 430, 1436, 3493, 459, 3440, 4724, 627, 12, 22855, 768, 315, 1203, 28404, 1389, 6984, 28404, 37304, 9277, 304, 279, 2082, 649, 31818, 279, 26542, 323, 3493, 4228, 2680, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 315, 279, 37554, 26542, 26249, 311, 17944, 5380, 8538, 10507, 315, 13882, 1511, 26542, 26249, 6646, 1633, 5107, 311, 17944, 2997, 512, 12, 39941, 320, 36557, 63155, 12028, 8, 1389, 362, 55443, 1401, 12384, 1511, 15603, 13, 3320, 1088, 25957, 264, 220, 4146, 15615, 1401, 374, 6646, 304, 90377, 1260, 627, 12, 46741, 1389, 362, 586, 16569, 12384, 3196, 389, 2144, 5620, 3544, 10461, 5219, 13, 46741, 7039, 315, 220, 12378, 21, 9660, 477, 810, 527, 1633, 5107, 311, 1464, 627, 12, 13852, 11696, 292, 16029, 87937, 1389, 20817, 389, 47976, 315, 78883, 292, 37033, 927, 35326, 5151, 13, 37717, 3831, 4868, 449, 9333, 7039, 1109, 46741, 627, 12, 3861, 7394, 11262, 1389, 1252, 9137, 481, 304, 10334, 719, 5107, 311, 4305, 12722, 304, 6725, 627, 3923, 9547, 1304, 52829, 26542, 16127, 5380, 8538, 9547, 430, 5376, 279, 17250, 315, 52829, 25461, 828, 2997, 512, 12, 94426, 1401, 3160, 1389, 4497, 3284, 7039, 3152, 810, 65198, 5457, 13865, 4460, 627, 12, 27191, 261, 26249, 1389, 21844, 7033, 5435, 527, 810, 5107, 369, 19002, 311, 11886, 627, 12, 65658, 8292, 1389, 43420, 16252, 3185, 54968, 8951, 323, 1203, 28404, 29034, 38215, 8951, 627, 12, 19439, 25213, 5070, 1389, 42427, 858, 287, 42065, 529, 25213, 2410, 12992, 65198, 5457, 17250, 627, 12, 2360, 69843, 7039, 1389, 3861, 7394, 7039, 4148, 14774, 44803, 29150, 2671, 1093, 80111, 43476, 627, 12, 8375, 1303, 323, 26771, 1389, 31470, 87790, 323, 25213, 7504, 69226, 988, 11240, 323, 48713, 2007, 8951, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 26542, 5528, 430, 527, 12309, 8831, 311, 17944, 5380, 8538, 4595, 315, 26542, 430, 3493, 2753, 4868, 2403, 6617, 52829, 5528, 2997, 512, 12, 3804, 10663, 272, 83177, 1389, 9170, 6661, 50068, 374, 4228, 311, 1464, 449, 11900, 6492, 627, 12, 9947, 483, 323, 650, 6569, 12339, 272, 83177, 1389, 92102, 272, 83177, 1464, 481, 449, 38642, 3267, 72, 24481, 11, 47576, 1401, 3160, 627, 12, 59311, 1032, 1389, 362, 54753, 32188, 449, 1120, 220, 1032, 3752, 70301, 374, 36747, 311, 1464, 627, 12, 13022, 323, 220, 18, 39087, 1389, 8527, 32188, 20134, 311, 65198, 5457, 8951, 449, 39413, 220, 3487, 15615, 14, 7261, 15615, 7039, 627, 12, 1252, 96747, 34816, 1389, 1252, 96747, 61947, 34816, 527, 22571, 43939, 449, 2680, 627, 12, 220, 1272, 15615, 323, 220, 1227, 15615, 468, 9377, 1389, 34742, 26542, 5528, 17944, 481, 449, 44667, 304, 22322, 19, 4365, 32188, 627, 3923, 527, 279, 1888, 12659, 369, 25976, 3831, 26542, 5380, 8538, 1888, 12659, 369, 25976, 26542, 430, 374, 5107, 311, 17944, 2997, 512, 12, 12362, 22542, 11, 51114, 26249, 1093, 39941, 11, 22466, 12, 4146, 11, 5099, 627, 12, 77351, 40044, 1317, 7039, 1389, 520, 3325, 220, 4146, 9660, 369, 55443, 26542, 323, 220, 7854, 23, 10, 9660, 369, 586, 1401, 26542, 627, 12, 97554, 7039, 1701, 264, 38547, 65031, 35602, 393, 22719, 11151, 2255, 5742, 29458, 320, 34, 4695, 49, 6269, 4390, 12, 65658, 398, 4371, 1303, 323, 73455, 34816, 311, 5471, 48713, 2007, 8951, 627, 12, 2998, 19295, 24118, 22952, 4621, 2827, 88, 369, 1401, 9473, 304, 8522, 1093, 62144, 627, 12, 28460, 1113, 323, 21686, 7039, 48582, 311, 4017, 5674, 505, 37796, 627, 12, 23548, 9966, 1401, 6373, 16346, 311, 5471, 45571, 2680, 627, 12, 2998, 42596, 17966, 315, 3325, 26632, 369, 90474, 2680, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 10507, 315, 51287, 653, 50009, 14236, 5380, 8538, 10507, 315, 653, 50009, 13970, 272, 83177, 323, 14236, 2997, 512, 12, 578, 29179, 1910, 718, 96433, 1250, 1389, 25461, 2363, 505, 220, 868, 339, 9478, 2103, 2073, 762, 10781, 291, 1306, 24552, 315, 13865, 627, 12, 735, 3655, 437, 1389, 10984, 14353, 51067, 520, 22193, 26097, 449, 220, 19, 6743, 11, 315, 902, 220, 18, 617, 1027, 43939, 779, 3117, 627, 12, 98179, 54053, 272, 83177, 1389, 29911, 7120, 8905, 32188, 6743, 3288, 555, 9987, 6275, 25534, 627, 12, 25225, 72690, 64388, 1389, 1252, 50009, 32188, 505, 220, 9378, 22, 11846, 311, 387, 3549, 555, 40550, 22653, 4072, 12440, 627, 12, 432, 647, 269, 6497, 1389, 17314, 762, 10781, 291, 18940, 97765, 1887, 505, 33500, 10951, 627, 12, 2405, 64, 380, 437, 39968, 1389, 9925, 17890, 37148, 13668, 505, 220, 8258, 15, 18531, 449, 220, 13341, 18210, 304, 42197, 5497, 627, 12, 2893, 1604, 356, 83177, 1389, 14853, 50068, 272, 83177, 505, 220, 9367, 20, 449, 8349, 315, 28016, 32726, 627, 8142, 1521, 14236, 323, 272, 83177, 7293, 32654, 653, 50009, 11, 1690, 11909, 4510, 433, 374, 4245, 311, 6996, 315, 70889, 311, 24564, 4856, 1109, 16188, 90229, 8333, 13, 4452, 11, 814, 656, 41468, 279, 52876, 75444, 449, 75277, 287, 8340, 2038, 6957, 3925, 627, 4438, 1317, 1053, 433, 1935, 311, 17944, 3831, 26542, 26249, 1093, 39941, 12, 4146, 5380, 3947, 374, 912, 3967, 1648, 311, 1464, 39941, 12, 4146, 26542, 555, 65198, 5457, 10819, 1109, 4560, 682, 3284, 7039, 13, 3161, 1510, 25213, 5557, 11, 1521, 65198, 5457, 52829, 892, 17989, 649, 387, 1903, 512, 12, 39941, 12, 4386, 1389, 3216, 311, 220, 18, 13, 2148, 865, 220, 605, 61, 3971, 1667, 449, 220, 16, 7239, 7239, 7039, 824, 2132, 627, 12, 39941, 12, 5926, 1389, 3216, 311, 220, 18, 13, 2148, 865, 220, 605, 61, 3226, 1667, 449, 220, 16, 7239, 7239, 7039, 824, 2132, 627, 12, 39941, 12, 4146, 1389, 3216, 311, 220, 18, 13, 2148, 865, 220, 605, 61, 5495, 1667, 449, 220, 16, 7239, 7239, 7039, 824, 2132, 627, 644, 1023, 4339, 11, 433, 374, 539, 32367, 43303, 311, 65198, 5457, 6617, 26542, 26249, 13, 67242, 37455, 389, 8292, 44667, 4619, 13, 4452, 11, 31228, 25213, 1436, 13893, 2187, 65198, 25957, 39941, 304, 279, 3938, 627, 4438, 649, 31228, 25213, 7958, 2082, 52829, 5380, 45320, 372, 25213, 60880, 31228, 22936, 44247, 1093, 2307, 3571, 323, 1218, 526, 1001, 311, 2804, 29217, 43593, 22009, 1109, 29924, 19002, 13, 1115, 6835, 31228, 19002, 4754, 22934, 369, 15061, 26542, 512, 12, 1443, 269, 753, 12384, 1389, 90106, 398, 14035, 10461, 9547, 315, 3544, 5219, 11, 15061, 46741, 26542, 627, 12, 18370, 424, 753, 12384, 1389, 37717, 80251, 4732, 455, 369, 65198, 5457, 2778, 11, 15104, 4504, 1401, 12562, 430, 649, 387, 11102, 627, 12, 56413, 86997, 6260, 1389, 2467, 391, 2641, 19476, 505, 31228, 22027, 311, 11886, 26329, 5435, 369, 14774, 35584, 627, 11458, 11, 55443, 26249, 1093, 39941, 527, 3463, 311, 387, 12309, 9966, 2403, 65198, 5457, 4732, 8772, 505, 31228, 19002, 422, 1401, 12562, 527, 35717, 13, 3962, 12, 31548, 372, 87937, 374, 1101, 459, 4642, 3158, 315, 3495, 311, 2274, 502, 26542, 31785, 311, 31228, 8951, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 11351, 3318, 311, 17944, 26542, 5380, 8538, 11351, 3967, 311, 990, 389, 14774, 35584, 323, 11469, 2082, 37757, 17357, 2997, 512, 12, 10423, 11478, 13607, 320, 2507, 32, 11, 480, 2198, 48, 11, 5099, 6266, 1389, 650, 561, 25213, 5070, 323, 14774, 35584, 7411, 12514, 311, 15061, 14236, 627, 12, 42170, 14673, 1389, 50895, 323, 6500, 8198, 26280, 44169, 14774, 44803, 29150, 12823, 627, 12, 8398, 3495, 33840, 1389, 9877, 19339, 51068, 311, 990, 389, 90229, 5435, 323, 1203, 28404, 627, 12, 89165, 6667, 1924, 1389, 35680, 1093, 44205, 17863, 10349, 430, 31335, 11430, 8046, 311, 1464, 26542, 627, 12, 32886, 1389, 71029, 315, 8518, 14774, 35584, 7526, 323, 3600, 369, 8403, 627, 3947, 374, 77975, 50925, 304, 279, 2115, 315, 14774, 35584, 11, 449, 3682, 42445, 82, 8965, 8774, 6367, 13, 4452, 11, 1455, 11909, 4510, 14774, 437, 95890, 1093, 39941, 11, 46741, 11, 323, 78883, 292, 37033, 7293, 9966, 994, 10489, 11798, 520, 14343, 1401, 12562, 627, 23956, 90229, 5789, 617, 17047, 29091, 1455, 17345, 304, 5380, 78706, 1392, 15603, 2793, 1455, 17345, 304, 1521, 6332, 90229, 17357, 512, 12, 6247, 37757, 1389, 31883, 323, 3885, 14816, 3544, 25213, 13077, 12514, 311, 14774, 35584, 323, 31228, 25213, 3495, 627, 12, 6984, 28404, 1389, 31122, 19491, 311, 5774, 1203, 28404, 323, 44667, 1139, 8518, 26542, 3956, 323, 10886, 627, 12, 38081, 6492, 1389, 38527, 20994, 25461, 17320, 12912, 369, 11408, 4619, 315, 39226, 287, 2262, 627, 12, 56413, 87937, 1389, 81745, 26542, 1093, 31228, 1401, 8141, 311, 387, 9966, 2403, 31228, 8951, 627, 12, 3962, 12, 31548, 372, 87937, 1389, 7127, 287, 502, 586, 1401, 26249, 31785, 311, 31228, 26249, 627, 791, 5915, 374, 311, 14389, 279, 23099, 311, 2680, 25461, 828, 323, 17320, 11, 2225, 1555, 14774, 35584, 323, 66700, 87937, 10886, 323, 39437, 627, 4438, 649, 6485, 87937, 19476, 1093, 78883, 292, 37033, 387, 11497, 5042, 5380, 43810, 11696, 292, 16029, 87937, 34744, 389, 1063, 14470, 6485, 37072, 19476, 11, 719, 279, 32874, 649, 387, 69729, 512, 12, 13852, 11696, 292, 37033, 527, 37072, 37033, 4613, 555, 41999, 39006, 11, 30164, 264, 11113, 63687, 6211, 627, 12, 13852, 11696, 292, 16029, 7677, 1005, 1486, 5369, 1389, 7999, 3585, 389, 279, 16029, 3135, 304, 264, 4948, 1486, 389, 279, 16029, 627, 12, 1115, 6276, 27409, 90229, 7677, 1093, 1401, 9659, 11, 26542, 11, 323, 7528, 33728, 1701, 1486, 7677, 627, 12, 578, 44279, 91036, 76, 3575, 389, 78883, 292, 37033, 374, 1633, 5107, 11, 8405, 90229, 4868, 627, 12, 25104, 3196, 389, 78883, 292, 37033, 649, 387, 1790, 9333, 1109, 44554, 4501, 9966, 46741, 7039, 6522, 311, 15374, 7720, 627, 644, 28591, 11, 279, 6485, 7033, 3727, 78883, 292, 16029, 7677, 4228, 311, 656, 719, 2653, 311, 29821, 11, 4832, 369, 87937, 13, 578, 8278, 78883, 292, 16029, 7677, 3621, 1234, 279, 28314, 7231, 3932, 4382, 11, 9966, 26542, 627, 49552, 3831, 26542, 1093, 39941, 11, 46741, 11, 323, 78883, 292, 16029, 87937, 5825, 4868, 430, 4250, 387, 6089, 11102, 1555, 37072, 14774, 35584, 449, 1510, 586, 25213, 17357, 13, 4452, 11, 44667, 304, 8292, 323, 1401, 6373, 649, 3629, 387, 51763, 304, 6725, 13, 65658, 1005, 315, 22542, 32885, 323, 19994, 8469, 315, 31003, 1093, 31228, 25213, 690, 387, 9200, 311, 20958, 5107, 4791, 48689, 474, 4868, 1139, 279, 3938, 13, 128001 ]

Currently, in some countries (including Spain) 70% or more of the population has been vaccinated against the coronavirus. However, it is being evaluated whether this percentage implies a definitive protection against COVID-19 or not. In this sense, a very interesting study has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine. At the University of California, vaccination began in December 2020 and by July this, 83% of health personnel were already vaccinated with both doses. However, coinciding with the release of the mandatory use of the mask and with the appearance of the Delta virus variant, there has been an increase in infections, even among people who were already vaccinated. Thus, between March 1 to July 31, 227 coronavirus infections were detected among health personnel, of which 130 (57%) were already fully vaccinated. Of those 130 vaccinated and infected people, 109 (84%) had symptoms of the disease and also 80 of the 90 (89%) unvaccinated workers (the remaining 7 infected people had received a single dose of the vaccine). There were no deaths and only one person (not vaccinated) had to be hospitalized. The frequency of coronavirus infection was 3.7 per 1,000 people among the vaccinated and 16.4 per 1,000 among the unvaccinated. Efficiency against the delta variant of the coronavirus These data suggest that the efficacy of the vaccine is considerably lower against the delta variant. It can also influence, according to this article, the decrease in protection achieved with the vaccine over time. In addition, these findings highlight the importance of reusing masks and increasing diagnostic tests trying to avoid the expansion of the delta variant. The authors also suggest that a booster dose of the vaccine could be considered.

354

[ 128000, 34814, 11, 304, 1063, 5961, 320, 16564, 18157, 8, 220, 2031, 4, 477, 810, 315, 279, 7187, 706, 1027, 70558, 2403, 279, 33333, 13, 4452, 11, 433, 374, 1694, 26126, 3508, 420, 11668, 24897, 264, 45813, 9313, 2403, 20562, 12, 777, 477, 539, 627, 644, 420, 5647, 11, 264, 1633, 7185, 4007, 706, 1027, 4756, 304, 279, 1561, 9635, 10139, 315, 19152, 13, 2468, 279, 3907, 315, 7188, 11, 47165, 6137, 304, 6790, 220, 2366, 15, 323, 555, 5887, 420, 11, 220, 6069, 4, 315, 2890, 17274, 1051, 2736, 70558, 449, 2225, 35130, 13, 4452, 11, 23828, 6714, 449, 279, 4984, 315, 279, 23911, 1005, 315, 279, 7056, 323, 449, 279, 11341, 315, 279, 26002, 17188, 11678, 11, 1070, 706, 1027, 459, 5376, 304, 30020, 11, 1524, 4315, 1274, 889, 1051, 2736, 70558, 627, 45600, 11, 1990, 5587, 220, 16, 311, 5887, 220, 2148, 11, 220, 14206, 33333, 30020, 1051, 16914, 4315, 2890, 17274, 11, 315, 902, 220, 5894, 320, 3226, 11587, 1051, 2736, 7373, 70558, 13, 5046, 1884, 220, 5894, 70558, 323, 29374, 1274, 11, 220, 7743, 320, 5833, 11587, 1047, 13803, 315, 279, 8624, 323, 1101, 220, 1490, 315, 279, 220, 1954, 320, 4578, 11587, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 7487, 320, 1820, 9861, 220, 22, 29374, 1274, 1047, 4036, 264, 3254, 19660, 315, 279, 25474, 570, 2684, 1051, 912, 16779, 323, 1193, 832, 1732, 320, 1962, 70558, 8, 1047, 311, 387, 70340, 13, 578, 11900, 315, 33333, 19405, 574, 220, 18, 13, 22, 824, 220, 16, 11, 931, 1274, 4315, 279, 70558, 323, 220, 845, 13, 19, 824, 220, 16, 11, 931, 4315, 279, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 627, 47688, 10603, 2403, 279, 9665, 11678, 315, 279, 33333, 198, 9673, 828, 4284, 430, 279, 41265, 315, 279, 25474, 374, 33452, 4827, 2403, 279, 9665, 11678, 13, 1102, 649, 1101, 10383, 11, 4184, 311, 420, 4652, 11, 279, 18979, 304, 9313, 17427, 449, 279, 25474, 927, 892, 627, 644, 5369, 11, 1521, 14955, 11415, 279, 12939, 315, 312, 985, 27227, 323, 7859, 15439, 7177, 4560, 311, 5766, 279, 14800, 315, 279, 9665, 11678, 13, 578, 12283, 1101, 4284, 430, 264, 57532, 19660, 315, 279, 25474, 1436, 387, 6646, 13, 128001 ]

<?php declare(strict_types=1); namespace SmartCore\CMSBundle\Entity\Content; use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM; use SmartCore\RadBundle\Doctrine\ColumnTrait; use Symfony\Bridge\Doctrine\Validator\Constraints\UniqueEntity; use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert; /** * @ORM\Entity() * @ORM\Table(name="cms_content_fields", * indexes={ * @ORM\Index(columns={"position"}) * }, * uniqueConstraints={ * @ORM\UniqueConstraint(columns={"name", "table_id"}), * @ORM\UniqueConstraint(columns={"title", "table_id"}), * } * ) * @UniqueEntity(fields={"name", "table"}) * @UniqueEntity(fields={"title", "table"}) */ class Field { use ColumnTrait\Id; use ColumnTrait\TitleNotBlank; use ColumnTrait\NameNotBlank; use ColumnTrait\Comment; use ColumnTrait\Position; use ColumnTrait\CreatedAt; use ColumnTrait\UpdatedAt; use ColumnTrait\User; /** * @ORM\Column(type="boolean", nullable=false, options={"default":0}) */ protected bool $is_nullable; /** * Enum({"PRIMARY", "INDEX", "UNIQUE", "FULLTEXT"}) * * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=50, nullable=true) */ protected ?string $index; /** * @ORM\Column(type="text", nullable=true) */ protected ?string $default_value; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=190, nullable=true) */ protected ?string $length; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=190, nullable=true) */ protected ?string $trait; /** * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=20, nullable=false) */ protected string $type; /** * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity="Table", inversedBy="fields", cascade={"persist"}) * @ORM\JoinColumn(nullable=false) * * @Assert\NotBlank() * @Assert\NotNull() */ protected Table $table; public function __construct() { $this->created_at = new \DateTime(); $this->default_value = null; $this->description = null; $this->name = ''; $this->index = null; $this->is_nullable = false; $this->length = null; $this->title = ''; $this->type = 'string'; $this->position = 0; } public function __toString(): string { return $this->title; } public function getTable(): Table { return $this->table; } public function setTable(Table $table): self { $this->table = $table; return $this; } public function getIndex(): ?string { return $this->index; } public function setIndex(?string $index): self { $this->index = $index; return $this; } public function isIsNullable(): bool { return $this->is_nullable; } public function setIsNullable(bool $is_nullable): self { $this->is_nullable = $is_nullable; return $this; } public function getTrait(): ?string { return $this->trait; } public function setTrait(?string $trait): self { $this->trait = $trait; return $this; } public function getType(): string { return $this->type; } public function setType(string $type): self { $this->type = $type; return $this; } public function getDefaultValue(): ?string { return $this->default_value; } public function setDefaultValue(?string $default_value): self { $this->default_value = $default_value; return $this; } public function getLength(): ?string { return $this->length; } public function setLength(?string $length): self { $this->length = $length; return $this; } }

1,712

[ 128000, 1340, 1230, 271, 18978, 39027, 9962, 28, 16, 629, 2280, 16147, 5501, 71756, 8575, 15778, 59, 2831, 401, 817, 29732, 38917, 66355, 439, 54690, 280, 817, 16147, 5501, 59, 43031, 8575, 91190, 29035, 50357, 280, 817, 16398, 99210, 91190, 50799, 59, 13221, 59, 23657, 3106, 280, 817, 16398, 15650, 50799, 59, 13221, 439, 5432, 401, 1784, 353, 571, 4463, 15778, 746, 353, 571, 4463, 55879, 3232, 429, 29811, 7647, 12406, 761, 353, 415, 25998, 18013, 353, 692, 571, 4463, 59, 1581, 39482, 16160, 3571, 24546, 353, 415, 1173, 353, 415, 5016, 13221, 18013, 353, 692, 571, 4463, 59, 23657, 18372, 39482, 16160, 609, 498, 330, 2048, 851, 68532, 353, 692, 571, 4463, 59, 23657, 18372, 39482, 16160, 2150, 498, 330, 2048, 851, 68532, 353, 415, 457, 353, 1763, 353, 571, 23657, 3106, 38801, 16160, 609, 498, 330, 2048, 24546, 353, 571, 23657, 3106, 38801, 16160, 2150, 498, 330, 2048, 24546, 740, 1058, 8771, 198, 517, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 82063, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 3936, 45753, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 678, 45753, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 10906, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 3897, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 71487, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 59, 73379, 280, 262, 1005, 9516, 50357, 20488, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 6245, 498, 13561, 12497, 11, 2671, 16160, 2309, 794, 15, 3602, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 1845, 400, 285, 70843, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 14416, 17289, 80874, 498, 330, 45431, 498, 330, 1899, 40770, 498, 330, 52749, 12998, 24546, 257, 1235, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 928, 498, 3160, 28, 1135, 11, 13561, 11516, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 949, 928, 400, 1275, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 1342, 498, 13561, 11516, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 949, 928, 400, 2309, 3220, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 928, 498, 3160, 28, 7028, 11, 13561, 11516, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 949, 928, 400, 4222, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 928, 498, 3160, 28, 7028, 11, 13561, 11516, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 949, 928, 400, 30532, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 29035, 5930, 429, 928, 498, 3160, 28, 508, 11, 13561, 12497, 340, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 925, 400, 1337, 401, 262, 1583, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 59, 44194, 65732, 429, 2620, 498, 1558, 41019, 1383, 429, 9184, 498, 43118, 16160, 40926, 24546, 257, 353, 571, 4463, 59, 41490, 35985, 12497, 340, 257, 1235, 257, 353, 571, 8702, 59, 45753, 746, 257, 353, 571, 8702, 59, 11250, 746, 257, 740, 262, 2682, 6771, 400, 2048, 401, 262, 586, 734, 1328, 7750, 746, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 7266, 3837, 256, 284, 502, 1144, 7844, 545, 286, 400, 576, 405, 2309, 3220, 284, 854, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 4789, 220, 284, 854, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 609, 260, 284, 7700, 286, 400, 576, 405, 1275, 286, 284, 854, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 285, 70843, 220, 284, 905, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 4222, 996, 284, 854, 280, 286, 400, 576, 405, 2150, 286, 284, 7700, 286, 400, 576, 405, 1337, 260, 284, 364, 928, 1025, 286, 400, 576, 405, 3571, 257, 284, 220, 15, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 1328, 6712, 4658, 925, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 2150, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 636, 2620, 4658, 6771, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 2048, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 2620, 68948, 400, 2048, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 2048, 284, 400, 2048, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 90871, 4658, 949, 928, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 1275, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 1581, 34394, 928, 400, 1275, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 1275, 284, 400, 1275, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 374, 3957, 16078, 4658, 1845, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 285, 70843, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 39498, 16078, 9963, 400, 285, 70843, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 285, 70843, 284, 400, 285, 70843, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 636, 50357, 4658, 949, 928, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 30532, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 50357, 34394, 928, 400, 30532, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 30532, 284, 400, 30532, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 37681, 4658, 925, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 1337, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 63809, 3693, 400, 1337, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 1337, 284, 400, 1337, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 636, 42633, 4658, 949, 928, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 2309, 3220, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 42633, 34394, 928, 400, 2309, 3220, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 2309, 3220, 284, 400, 2309, 3220, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 636, 4472, 4658, 949, 928, 198, 262, 341, 286, 471, 400, 576, 405, 4222, 280, 262, 557, 262, 586, 734, 743, 4472, 34394, 928, 400, 4222, 1680, 659, 198, 262, 341, 286, 400, 576, 405, 4222, 284, 400, 4222, 401, 286, 471, 400, 576, 280, 262, 457, 534, 128001 ]

Immunotherapy Combined with Radiation Amplifies Effects of Treatment Researchers at the University of Chicago completed a recent cancer study with mice as subjects. The mice were given a combination of radiation therapy with anti-tumor vaccines, and this improved the response of the cells in the immune system that fight cancer. It led to tumor regression in the mice. The blocking of immune checkpoints, which are molecules that stop immune cells from being able to fight cancer in our bodies, is serving as a promising new treatment for various cancers. Most patients do not benefit from only blocking the checkpoints though because that does not help the tumor-fighting T-cells infiltrate the tumor. Rather, they require some sort of combination therapy to see any actual results. Radiation has often been used as part of a combination therapy because it causes damage to tumor DNA, thereby killing some tumor cells. Additionally, it radiation also helps the immune system recognize the cancer cells that need to be destroyed. The researchers in this study wanted to see if the radiation therapy could help in mice with pancreatic cancer. The mice in the study had PD-L1, which is a gland on a tumor that makes it highly resistant to just one kind of therapy. It has the ability to turn immune cells off. The director of the study was pleased with the results. He said that they now had a “step by step strategy” to get past the normal barriers associated with cancer treatment and get more cancer-fighting T-cells to turn “on” and join the fight. By increasing the amount of T-cells that are infiltrating the tumor, the combination treatment became more effective. The researchers then studied 183 human pancreatic cancer cells and found that the ones with the worst outcomes were the ones that had a low amount of T-cells fighting the tumor and a high expression of the PD-L1 gland. They then recreated these conditions in the mice and found that the checkpoint inhibitors by themselves or in combination with a vaccine did not stop tumor growth. However, when radiation was introduced, the tumor growth was halted which suggests that radiation breaks down some barriers for these other treatments to make them more effective. This means it further promotes a healthy and responsive immune system as well.This new strategy could be used to fight many cancer types because it makes radiation treatment multi-purpose.

476

[ 128000, 1453, 26046, 42811, 58752, 449, 90326, 72715, 9803, 30246, 315, 31969, 198, 60210, 520, 279, 3907, 315, 10780, 8308, 264, 3293, 9572, 4007, 449, 24548, 439, 15223, 13, 578, 24548, 1051, 2728, 264, 10824, 315, 25407, 15419, 449, 7294, 2442, 69361, 40300, 11, 323, 420, 13241, 279, 2077, 315, 279, 7917, 304, 279, 22852, 1887, 430, 4465, 9572, 13, 1102, 6197, 311, 36254, 31649, 304, 279, 24548, 627, 791, 22978, 315, 22852, 68309, 11, 902, 527, 35715, 430, 3009, 22852, 7917, 505, 1694, 3025, 311, 4465, 9572, 304, 1057, 13162, 11, 374, 13788, 439, 264, 26455, 502, 6514, 369, 5370, 51423, 13, 7648, 6978, 656, 539, 8935, 505, 1193, 22978, 279, 68309, 3582, 1606, 430, 1587, 539, 1520, 279, 36254, 2269, 45850, 350, 1824, 6572, 43364, 349, 279, 36254, 13, 26848, 11, 814, 1397, 1063, 3460, 315, 10824, 15419, 311, 1518, 904, 5150, 3135, 627, 75246, 367, 706, 3629, 1027, 1511, 439, 961, 315, 264, 10824, 15419, 1606, 433, 11384, 5674, 311, 36254, 15922, 11, 28592, 13419, 1063, 36254, 7917, 13, 23212, 11, 433, 25407, 1101, 8779, 279, 22852, 1887, 15641, 279, 9572, 7917, 430, 1205, 311, 387, 14763, 627, 791, 12074, 304, 420, 4007, 4934, 311, 1518, 422, 279, 25407, 15419, 1436, 1520, 304, 24548, 449, 98144, 9572, 13, 578, 24548, 304, 279, 4007, 1047, 27572, 8288, 16, 11, 902, 374, 264, 67169, 389, 264, 36254, 430, 3727, 433, 7701, 31785, 311, 1120, 832, 3169, 315, 15419, 13, 1102, 706, 279, 5845, 311, 2543, 22852, 7917, 1022, 627, 791, 7690, 315, 279, 4007, 574, 18949, 449, 279, 3135, 13, 1283, 1071, 430, 814, 1457, 1047, 264, 1054, 9710, 555, 3094, 8446, 863, 311, 636, 3347, 279, 4725, 30740, 5938, 449, 9572, 6514, 323, 636, 810, 9572, 2269, 45850, 350, 1824, 6572, 311, 2543, 1054, 263, 863, 323, 5249, 279, 4465, 13, 3296, 7859, 279, 3392, 315, 350, 1824, 6572, 430, 527, 43364, 1113, 279, 36254, 11, 279, 10824, 6514, 6244, 810, 7524, 627, 791, 12074, 1243, 20041, 220, 10750, 3823, 98144, 9572, 7917, 323, 1766, 430, 279, 6305, 449, 279, 12047, 20124, 1051, 279, 6305, 430, 1047, 264, 3428, 3392, 315, 350, 1824, 6572, 11039, 279, 36254, 323, 264, 1579, 7645, 315, 279, 27572, 8288, 16, 67169, 627, 7009, 1243, 37680, 1521, 4787, 304, 279, 24548, 323, 1766, 430, 279, 30395, 68642, 555, 5694, 477, 304, 10824, 449, 264, 25474, 1550, 539, 3009, 36254, 6650, 13, 4452, 11, 994, 25407, 574, 11784, 11, 279, 36254, 6650, 574, 61195, 902, 13533, 430, 25407, 18808, 1523, 1063, 30740, 369, 1521, 1023, 22972, 311, 1304, 1124, 810, 7524, 13, 1115, 3445, 433, 4726, 39990, 264, 9498, 323, 27078, 22852, 1887, 439, 1664, 29845, 502, 8446, 1436, 387, 1511, 311, 4465, 1690, 9572, 4595, 1606, 433, 3727, 25407, 6514, 7447, 59338, 13, 128001 ]

According to research, it’s possible that we don’t all see the same colors. Experts say one person could perceive the color red as someone else’s blue or green. Remember a few months ago when a huge stink was raised over the color of a dress? It all has to do with how many color receptors you have. The most popular explanation, as agreed upon by IFL Science and ASAP Science, is that the photo argument provides an example of the phenomenon color constancy. It leads to the perceived color of an object being “guessed” by our brains based on the lighting conditions of the environment around us. The colors you can see, depend on the number and the distribution of cones (color receptors) in your eye. You can check this rainbow and measure the shades that you can distinguish: If you can see less than 20 shades: You are a bicolor, like dogs, which means that you have only two types of cones. 25% of the population is dichroic. If you can see from 20 to 32 shades: You are a trichromatic, you have three types of cones (purple / blue, green and red). You can enjoy various colors. 50% of the population is trichromatic. If you can see between 33 and 39 shades: Then you are -tetrachromatic- like bees, and you have four types of cone (purple / blue, green, red, yellow). Bothered by the yellow so that it will hardly found any outfit in your wardrobe. 25% of the population is tetrachromatic. If you can see more than 39 shades: Something goes wrong! There are only 39 different colors in the test and probably only 35 rendered correctly by the computer screen. It is very likely that people who have four cones, won’t easily fooled by a blue / black or white / gold shade, no matter the brightness and the background color of the photo.

412

[ 128000, 11439, 311, 3495, 11, 433, 753, 3284, 430, 584, 1541, 1431, 682, 1518, 279, 1890, 8146, 13, 51859, 2019, 832, 1732, 1436, 45493, 279, 1933, 2579, 439, 4423, 775, 753, 6437, 477, 6307, 627, 29690, 264, 2478, 4038, 4227, 994, 264, 6908, 357, 771, 574, 9408, 927, 279, 1933, 315, 264, 8679, 30, 1102, 682, 706, 311, 656, 449, 1268, 1690, 1933, 44540, 499, 617, 627, 791, 1455, 5526, 16540, 11, 439, 7378, 5304, 555, 358, 6254, 10170, 323, 67590, 10170, 11, 374, 430, 279, 6685, 5811, 5825, 459, 3187, 315, 279, 25885, 1933, 738, 6709, 13, 1102, 11767, 311, 279, 26617, 1933, 315, 459, 1665, 1694, 1054, 8890, 22456, 863, 555, 1057, 35202, 3196, 389, 279, 18186, 4787, 315, 279, 4676, 2212, 603, 627, 791, 8146, 499, 649, 1518, 11, 6904, 389, 279, 1396, 323, 279, 8141, 315, 87992, 320, 3506, 44540, 8, 304, 701, 8071, 13, 1472, 649, 1817, 420, 48713, 323, 6767, 279, 37199, 430, 499, 649, 33137, 512, 2746, 499, 649, 1518, 2753, 1109, 220, 508, 37199, 25, 1472, 527, 264, 60831, 795, 11, 1093, 12875, 11, 902, 3445, 430, 499, 617, 1193, 1403, 4595, 315, 87992, 13, 220, 914, 4, 315, 279, 7187, 374, 29953, 299, 292, 627, 2746, 499, 649, 1518, 505, 220, 508, 311, 220, 843, 37199, 25, 1472, 527, 264, 490, 718, 99866, 11, 499, 617, 2380, 4595, 315, 87992, 320, 57607, 611, 6437, 11, 6307, 323, 2579, 570, 1472, 649, 4774, 5370, 8146, 13, 220, 1135, 4, 315, 279, 7187, 374, 490, 718, 99866, 627, 2746, 499, 649, 1518, 1990, 220, 1644, 323, 220, 2137, 37199, 25, 5112, 499, 527, 482, 83, 17820, 613, 99866, 12, 1093, 40558, 11, 323, 499, 617, 3116, 4595, 315, 22949, 320, 57607, 611, 6437, 11, 6307, 11, 2579, 11, 14071, 570, 426, 1605, 291, 555, 279, 14071, 779, 430, 433, 690, 20781, 1766, 904, 28403, 304, 701, 46846, 13, 220, 914, 4, 315, 279, 7187, 374, 259, 17820, 613, 99866, 627, 2746, 499, 649, 1518, 810, 1109, 220, 2137, 37199, 25, 25681, 5900, 5076, 0, 2684, 527, 1193, 220, 2137, 2204, 8146, 304, 279, 1296, 323, 4762, 1193, 220, 1758, 23188, 12722, 555, 279, 6500, 4264, 627, 2181, 374, 1633, 4461, 430, 1274, 889, 617, 3116, 87992, 11, 2834, 1431, 6847, 80647, 555, 264, 6437, 611, 3776, 477, 4251, 611, 6761, 28601, 11, 912, 5030, 279, 33306, 323, 279, 4092, 1933, 315, 279, 6685, 13, 128001 ]

Craniofacial malformations include a variety of anomalies, including cleft lip with or without cleft palate, craniosynostosis, microtia, and hemifacial microsomia. All of these anomalies can be either isolated or part of a defined genetic syndrome. A clinical geneticist or genetic counselor should be a member of the craniofacial team to help determine which patients have isolated anomalies and which are likely to have a syndrome. They would then arrange for the appropriate genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis of the specific syndrome. The identification of the specific syndrome is important for the overall care of the patient (as it identifies risk for other medical problems such as congenital heart defect) that will have to be taken into account in the care of the craniofacial malformation. In addition, knowing the specific syndrome will allow the family to understand how this happened to their child and the recurrence risk for future pregnancies. With the advent of new technologies, there are now many types of genetic testing available (including, karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, chromosomal microarrays, and next generation sequencing) and the medical geneticist and genetic counselor can determine which specific testing is needed for a given patient.

254

[ 128000, 34, 6713, 822, 22974, 532, 8811, 630, 811, 2997, 264, 8205, 315, 75559, 11, 2737, 272, 2414, 19588, 449, 477, 2085, 272, 2414, 77338, 11, 70637, 3614, 1910, 537, 10934, 11, 8162, 83, 689, 11, 323, 17728, 333, 33211, 8162, 57839, 689, 13, 2052, 315, 1521, 75559, 649, 387, 3060, 25181, 477, 961, 315, 264, 4613, 19465, 28439, 13, 362, 14830, 19465, 380, 477, 19465, 62475, 1288, 387, 264, 4562, 315, 279, 70637, 822, 22974, 532, 2128, 311, 1520, 8417, 902, 6978, 617, 25181, 75559, 323, 902, 527, 4461, 311, 617, 264, 28439, 13, 2435, 1053, 1243, 31993, 369, 279, 8475, 19465, 7649, 311, 7838, 279, 23842, 315, 279, 3230, 28439, 13, 578, 22654, 315, 279, 3230, 28439, 374, 3062, 369, 279, 8244, 2512, 315, 279, 8893, 320, 300, 433, 36611, 5326, 369, 1023, 6593, 5435, 1778, 439, 83066, 2223, 4851, 23011, 8, 430, 690, 617, 311, 387, 4529, 1139, 2759, 304, 279, 2512, 315, 279, 70637, 822, 22974, 532, 8811, 1659, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 14392, 279, 3230, 28439, 690, 2187, 279, 3070, 311, 3619, 1268, 420, 7077, 311, 872, 1716, 323, 279, 76293, 5326, 369, 3938, 82308, 13, 3161, 279, 11599, 315, 502, 14645, 11, 1070, 527, 1457, 1690, 4595, 315, 19465, 7649, 2561, 320, 16564, 11, 597, 661, 4249, 11, 97332, 304, 10109, 26038, 2065, 11, 22083, 96108, 8162, 67993, 11, 323, 1828, 9659, 62119, 8, 323, 279, 6593, 19465, 380, 323, 19465, 62475, 649, 8417, 902, 3230, 7649, 374, 4460, 369, 264, 2728, 8893, 13, 128001 ]

This weekend is one of WWE's biggest events of the year with the Royal Rumble at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona. To celebrate, Chase Field has introduced the Royal Rumble Burger. This monster includes a 1 1/2 pound pork bratwurst patty, all kinds of cheese, bacon, mac & cheese wedges and more heart stopping excellence. I can't even imagine what this will cost but I want one! I will be in Phoenix for the Rumble this weekend. This might have to happen.

103

[ 128000, 2028, 9178, 374, 832, 315, 34538, 596, 8706, 4455, 315, 279, 1060, 449, 279, 16591, 432, 23568, 520, 35674, 8771, 304, 23503, 11, 17368, 13, 2057, 18890, 11, 35674, 8771, 706, 11784, 279, 16591, 432, 23568, 52871, 13, 1115, 18118, 5764, 264, 220, 16, 220, 16, 14, 17, 31123, 36167, 117845, 86, 33712, 281, 23758, 11, 682, 13124, 315, 17604, 11, 41452, 11, 9155, 612, 17604, 11077, 4282, 323, 810, 4851, 23351, 38656, 627, 40, 649, 956, 1524, 13085, 1148, 420, 690, 2853, 719, 358, 1390, 832, 0, 358, 690, 387, 304, 23503, 369, 279, 432, 23568, 420, 9178, 13, 1115, 2643, 617, 311, 3621, 13, 128001 ]

Reddit is not the best place to ask these questions unfortunately. Peter I would watch the Ryan X. Charles videos documenting the time up to the hard fork and the technical issues of big blocks vs small blocks \+ Lightning. They are excellent and achieve a nice middle ground between the technical sides of the discussion and the social aspects at play. Sorry your post was deleted in r/Bitcoin but that is the norm. It is important to understand that many of the so called "technical" arguments put out by the BTC core team and community are compromised. The censorship is one good indicator of this.

120

[ 128000, 61574, 374, 539, 279, 1888, 2035, 311, 2610, 1521, 4860, 26907, 13, 11291, 358, 1053, 3821, 279, 13960, 1630, 13, 15274, 6946, 68071, 279, 892, 709, 311, 279, 2653, 23243, 323, 279, 11156, 4819, 315, 2466, 10215, 6296, 2678, 10215, 1144, 10, 34944, 13, 2435, 527, 9250, 323, 11322, 264, 6555, 6278, 5015, 1990, 279, 11156, 11314, 315, 279, 10430, 323, 279, 3674, 13878, 520, 1514, 382, 19701, 701, 1772, 574, 11309, 304, 436, 14, 49387, 719, 430, 374, 279, 7617, 13, 1102, 374, 3062, 311, 3619, 430, 1690, 315, 279, 779, 2663, 330, 73237, 1, 6105, 2231, 704, 555, 279, 37145, 6332, 2128, 323, 4029, 527, 44500, 13, 578, 52988, 374, 832, 1695, 21070, 315, 420, 13, 128001 ]

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why? Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell . - The energy required by the body for all its functions is generated in the mitochondria . - This energy is released in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) . All the energy or “power” that we use on a daily basis for various activities is produced in the mitochondria.

94

[ 128000, 23956, 1262, 2444, 273, 374, 3967, 439, 279, 75214, 315, 279, 2849, 30, 8595, 5380, 55470, 47517, 4298, 374, 3967, 439, 279, 75214, 315, 279, 2849, 16853, 12, 578, 4907, 2631, 555, 279, 2547, 369, 682, 1202, 5865, 374, 8066, 304, 279, 55042, 4298, 16853, 12, 1115, 4907, 374, 6004, 304, 279, 1376, 315, 67656, 320, 2654, 71970, 483, 12639, 764, 93473, 8, 16853, 2460, 279, 4907, 477, 1054, 13477, 863, 430, 584, 1005, 389, 264, 7446, 8197, 369, 5370, 7640, 374, 9124, 304, 279, 55042, 4298, 13, 128001 ]

I made the most delicious dinner the other night that I am dying to share! I used my Shortcut Caesar Dressing recipe and modified the Chickpea Pancakes to make the tortilla. Cook in a nonstick pan on med-high, flipping once until medium rare. Now assemble! Put the caesar salad on the chickpea tortilla. Then slice the duck and place on top. I also topped mine with some pickled red onions (recipe coming soon). Being at home with limited shopping has really challenged me to be more creative with my meals. I found it is really reigniting my passion for cooking and being creative in the kitchen. I think this means you can look forward to lots of new fun recipes from me in the near future!

157

[ 128000, 40, 1903, 279, 1455, 18406, 14177, 279, 1023, 3814, 430, 358, 1097, 23069, 311, 4430, 0, 358, 1511, 856, 96565, 54753, 29318, 287, 11363, 323, 11041, 279, 63226, 375, 64, 97314, 2094, 311, 1304, 279, 16831, 6374, 627, 59482, 304, 264, 2536, 30133, 7363, 389, 1812, 28661, 11, 65761, 3131, 3156, 11298, 9024, 627, 7184, 42840, 0, 10435, 279, 2211, 33340, 33566, 389, 279, 31863, 375, 64, 16831, 6374, 13, 5112, 16363, 279, 37085, 323, 2035, 389, 1948, 13, 358, 1101, 40901, 10705, 449, 1063, 3820, 839, 2579, 45697, 320, 26273, 5108, 5246, 4390, 34242, 520, 2162, 449, 7347, 12185, 706, 2216, 29991, 757, 311, 387, 810, 11782, 449, 856, 21644, 13, 358, 1766, 433, 374, 2216, 31402, 5977, 856, 11939, 369, 17677, 323, 1694, 11782, 304, 279, 9979, 13, 358, 1781, 420, 3445, 499, 649, 1427, 4741, 311, 10283, 315, 502, 2523, 19141, 505, 757, 304, 279, 3221, 3938, 0, 128001 ]

Most of Microchem’s clients are familiar with the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, which causes oral thrush, yeast infections, and occasional but serious systemic infections. Recently, awareness has grown regarding a related species, Candida auris. Both fungi are naturally resistant to certain silver-based antimicrobials and some ordinary disinfectants. C. auris was first described in Japan in 2009. The CDC issued a clinical alert in June 2016 requesting that cases in the U.S be monitored, properly identified, and reported. Since the clinical alert, C. auris has been isolated from U.S. patients with infections of the ear, blood, and urinary tract. As of February 16, 2017, a total of 35 cases have been reported in the U.S. C. auris often infects already-hospitalized patients and is frequently resistant to antifungal drugs. To eliminate C. auris in the hospital environment, CDC recommends a thorough daily cleaning of infected patients’ rooms. The duration of increased infection control precautions should be based on reassessment of C. auris colonization. CDC and EPA do not seem to agree on the proper way to disinfect the organism. CDC recommends that hospitals and nursing homes use disinfectants with a fungicidal claim to eliminate C. auris. EPA recommends disinfection with only disinfectants bearing a claim against C. difficile spores (which are difficult to disinfect but microbiologically unrelated to Candida auris cells).

308

[ 128000, 13622, 315, 18654, 2464, 753, 8403, 527, 11537, 449, 279, 86954, 4633, 1853, 29569, 79902, 94916, 64, 82698, 38473, 11, 902, 11384, 21308, 8983, 1136, 11, 41580, 30020, 11, 323, 28961, 719, 6129, 46417, 30020, 627, 46237, 11, 17985, 706, 15042, 9002, 264, 5552, 9606, 11, 94916, 64, 44521, 285, 13, 11995, 81540, 527, 18182, 31785, 311, 3738, 15310, 6108, 79312, 2823, 65, 10522, 323, 1063, 19664, 64842, 3836, 1821, 627, 34, 13, 44521, 285, 574, 1176, 7633, 304, 6457, 304, 220, 1049, 24, 13, 578, 40409, 11136, 264, 14830, 5225, 304, 5651, 220, 679, 21, 35792, 430, 5157, 304, 279, 549, 815, 387, 41223, 11, 10489, 11054, 11, 323, 5068, 13, 8876, 279, 14830, 5225, 11, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 706, 1027, 25181, 505, 549, 815, 13, 6978, 449, 30020, 315, 279, 2487, 11, 6680, 11, 323, 72735, 42929, 13, 1666, 315, 7552, 220, 845, 11, 220, 679, 22, 11, 264, 2860, 315, 220, 1758, 5157, 617, 1027, 5068, 304, 279, 549, 815, 13, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 3629, 34527, 82, 2736, 2902, 6432, 1534, 6978, 323, 374, 14134, 31785, 311, 3276, 333, 58267, 11217, 627, 1271, 22472, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 304, 279, 8952, 4676, 11, 40409, 40912, 264, 17879, 7446, 16204, 315, 29374, 6978, 529, 12295, 13, 578, 8250, 315, 7319, 19405, 2585, 61003, 1288, 387, 3196, 389, 32834, 24280, 315, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 96553, 627, 74558, 323, 27250, 656, 539, 2873, 311, 7655, 389, 279, 6300, 1648, 311, 64842, 3836, 279, 47120, 13, 40409, 40912, 430, 24461, 323, 28456, 10632, 1005, 64842, 3836, 1821, 449, 264, 34698, 292, 26966, 3802, 311, 22472, 356, 13, 44521, 285, 13, 27250, 40912, 64842, 13421, 449, 1193, 64842, 3836, 1821, 18534, 264, 3802, 2403, 356, 13, 77411, 993, 4692, 320, 8370, 527, 5107, 311, 64842, 3836, 719, 53499, 30450, 46305, 311, 94916, 64, 44521, 285, 7917, 570, 128001 ]

How do you plot an equation in MATLAB? 60 second suggested clip1:309:21MATLAB Function Plotting Basics – YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd my Y values now let’s plot these points. So basically I’ve just created five XY pairs that I canMoreAnd my Y values now let’s plot these points. So basically I’ve just created five XY pairs that I can plot to do this the command I’m going to use is simply plot type plot parentheses X comma y. How do you plot a data set in MATLAB? 55 second suggested clip0:209:10Basic data plotting in MATLAB – YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipI first have to create a vector for inputs for example X. Equal 1 0.5 to 10 and that would give me aMoreI first have to create a vector for inputs for example X. Equal 1 0.5 to 10 and that would give me a vector of x values from 1 to 10 skipping. By 0.5. How do you plot an equation on a graph? To graph an equation using the slope and y-intercept, 1) Write the equation in the form y = mx + b to find the slope m and the y-intercept (0, b). 2) Next, plot the y-intercept. 3) From the y-intercept, move up or down and left or right, depending on whether the slope is positive or negative. How do you plot a graph in a text file in MATLAB? 60 second suggested clip0:392:43Reading and Plotting Data from a Text File in MATLAB – YouTubeYouTube How do you plot 3 points in MATLAB? plot3( X , Y , Z ) plots coordinates in 3-D space. - To plot a set of coordinates connected by line segments, specify X , Y , and Z as vectors of the same length. - To plot multiple sets of coordinates on the same set of axes, specify at least one of X , Y , or Z as a matrix and the others as vectors. What is plot Matlab? The plot function in Matlab is used to create a graphical representation of some data. It is often very easy to “see” a trend in data when plotted, and very difficult when just looking at the raw numbers.

501

[ 128000, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 459, 24524, 304, 50447, 5380, 1399, 2132, 12090, 12607, 16, 25, 15500, 25, 1691, 57989, 20257, 5830, 27124, 1303, 68276, 1389, 13674, 54846, 3563, 315, 12090, 12607, 3812, 315, 12090, 12607, 3112, 856, 816, 2819, 1457, 1095, 753, 7234, 1521, 3585, 13, 2100, 13524, 358, 4070, 1120, 3549, 4330, 58419, 13840, 430, 358, 649, 7816, 3112, 856, 816, 2819, 1457, 1095, 753, 7234, 1521, 3585, 13, 2100, 13524, 358, 4070, 1120, 3549, 4330, 58419, 13840, 430, 358, 649, 7234, 311, 656, 420, 279, 3290, 358, 4344, 2133, 311, 1005, 374, 5042, 7234, 955, 7234, 75075, 1630, 32783, 379, 627, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 264, 828, 743, 304, 50447, 5380, 2131, 2132, 12090, 12607, 15, 25, 12652, 25, 605, 16323, 828, 45002, 304, 50447, 1389, 13674, 54846, 3563, 315, 12090, 12607, 3812, 315, 12090, 12607, 40, 1176, 617, 311, 1893, 264, 4724, 369, 11374, 369, 3187, 1630, 13, 39574, 220, 16, 220, 15, 13, 20, 311, 220, 605, 323, 430, 1053, 3041, 757, 264, 7816, 40, 1176, 617, 311, 1893, 264, 4724, 369, 11374, 369, 3187, 1630, 13, 39574, 220, 16, 220, 15, 13, 20, 311, 220, 605, 323, 430, 1053, 3041, 757, 264, 4724, 315, 865, 2819, 505, 220, 16, 311, 220, 605, 43759, 13, 3296, 220, 15, 13, 20, 627, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 459, 24524, 389, 264, 4876, 5380, 1271, 4876, 459, 24524, 1701, 279, 31332, 323, 379, 45994, 1512, 11, 220, 16, 8, 9842, 279, 24524, 304, 279, 1376, 379, 284, 14961, 489, 293, 311, 1505, 279, 31332, 296, 323, 279, 379, 45994, 1512, 320, 15, 11, 293, 570, 220, 17, 8, 9479, 11, 7234, 279, 379, 45994, 1512, 13, 220, 18, 8, 5659, 279, 379, 45994, 1512, 11, 3351, 709, 477, 1523, 323, 2163, 477, 1314, 11, 11911, 389, 3508, 279, 31332, 374, 6928, 477, 8389, 627, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 264, 4876, 304, 264, 1495, 1052, 304, 50447, 5380, 1399, 2132, 12090, 12607, 15, 25, 19695, 25, 3391, 32999, 323, 27124, 1303, 2956, 505, 264, 2991, 2958, 304, 50447, 1389, 13674, 54846, 198, 4438, 656, 499, 7234, 220, 18, 3585, 304, 50447, 5380, 4569, 18, 7, 1630, 1174, 816, 1174, 1901, 883, 31794, 14259, 304, 220, 18, 9607, 3634, 627, 12, 2057, 7234, 264, 743, 315, 14259, 8599, 555, 1584, 21282, 11, 14158, 1630, 1174, 816, 1174, 323, 1901, 439, 23728, 315, 279, 1890, 3160, 627, 12, 2057, 7234, 5361, 7437, 315, 14259, 389, 279, 1890, 743, 315, 25776, 11, 14158, 520, 3325, 832, 315, 1630, 1174, 816, 1174, 477, 1901, 439, 264, 6303, 323, 279, 3885, 439, 23728, 627, 3923, 374, 7234, 98689, 5380, 791, 7234, 734, 304, 98689, 374, 1511, 311, 1893, 264, 54243, 13340, 315, 1063, 828, 13, 1102, 374, 3629, 1633, 4228, 311, 1054, 4151, 863, 264, 9327, 304, 828, 994, 68683, 11, 323, 1633, 5107, 994, 1120, 3411, 520, 279, 7257, 5219, 13, 128001 ]

Deke Arndt, Chief of the Climate Monitoring Branch, National Climatic Data Center There were many extreme weather events around the globe during 2012. Let’s take a look at the climate context. Climate.gov presents Extreme Events of 2012: Global to Local Responses Arctic sea ice reached a record low—about half the normal September area based on the 34-year satellite record. Over four and a half million square miles of ice melted, the largest annual sea ice loss on record for the Arctic. Climatologists are interested in how this sea ice loss affects wind and temperature not only in the Arctic but at lower latitudes in the United States, Europe and Asia. The entire Northern Hemisphere was warm during 2012. Drought affected agricultural regions in North America, Europe, eastern Russia, the Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. These warm conditions impacted grain yields, water supplies, and heat-related illness. Global food prices rose by 10 percent during July. Major flooding battered other regions throughout the year. During July, at least 32 people were killed in Japan as a year’s worth of rain fell in one weekend in some areas. In August, the Philippines saw heavy monsoon rains that brought severe flooding. Eighty percent of the capital city of Manilla was under water, impacting 2.4 million people. Beijing, China, also saw torrential rainfall, with daily totals normally expected over a period of two months. Four typhoons struck Korea—something that hasn’t happened in the past five decades—and more than 200 people died. Learning how our neighbors around the world cope with and adapt to extreme events can help us make better decisions, become more resilient, and be “climate smart.” For climate.gov, I’m Deke Arndt.

377

[ 128000, 1951, 441, 1676, 303, 83, 11, 14681, 315, 279, 31636, 51803, 26176, 11, 5165, 62930, 780, 2956, 5955, 198, 3947, 1051, 1690, 14560, 9282, 4455, 2212, 279, 24867, 2391, 220, 679, 17, 13, 6914, 753, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 279, 10182, 2317, 627, 83146, 14489, 18911, 50495, 18093, 315, 220, 679, 17, 25, 8121, 311, 8949, 81567, 198, 7098, 26636, 9581, 10054, 8813, 264, 3335, 3428, 2345, 9274, 4376, 279, 4725, 6250, 3158, 3196, 389, 279, 220, 1958, 4771, 24088, 3335, 13, 6193, 3116, 323, 264, 4376, 3610, 9518, 8931, 315, 10054, 50459, 11, 279, 7928, 9974, 9581, 10054, 4814, 389, 3335, 369, 279, 37518, 627, 34, 4763, 266, 22012, 527, 8173, 304, 1268, 420, 9581, 10054, 4814, 22223, 10160, 323, 9499, 539, 1193, 304, 279, 37518, 719, 520, 4827, 6987, 21237, 304, 279, 3723, 4273, 11, 4606, 323, 13936, 627, 791, 4553, 17355, 96878, 574, 8369, 2391, 220, 679, 17, 13, 423, 6478, 11754, 29149, 13918, 304, 4892, 5270, 11, 4606, 11, 24024, 8524, 11, 279, 19278, 11, 323, 73537, 13, 4314, 8369, 4787, 40028, 24875, 36508, 11, 3090, 17135, 11, 323, 8798, 14228, 17563, 13, 8121, 3691, 7729, 16392, 555, 220, 605, 3346, 2391, 5887, 627, 35575, 39262, 80756, 1023, 13918, 6957, 279, 1060, 627, 16397, 5887, 11, 520, 3325, 220, 843, 1274, 1051, 7577, 304, 6457, 439, 264, 1060, 753, 5922, 315, 11422, 11299, 304, 832, 9178, 304, 1063, 5789, 627, 644, 6287, 11, 279, 26363, 5602, 8987, 1647, 67156, 62555, 430, 7263, 15748, 39262, 13, 36944, 88, 3346, 315, 279, 6864, 3363, 315, 2418, 6374, 574, 1234, 3090, 11, 74055, 220, 17, 13, 19, 3610, 1274, 627, 3513, 24570, 11, 5734, 11, 1101, 5602, 31675, 532, 53958, 11, 449, 7446, 44745, 14614, 3685, 927, 264, 4261, 315, 1403, 4038, 627, 28070, 13892, 764, 29639, 17948, 12126, 2345, 34431, 430, 12775, 1431, 7077, 304, 279, 3347, 4330, 11026, 17223, 810, 1109, 220, 1049, 1274, 8636, 627, 48567, 1268, 1057, 19228, 2212, 279, 1917, 37586, 449, 323, 10737, 311, 14560, 4455, 649, 1520, 603, 1304, 2731, 11429, 11, 3719, 810, 59780, 11, 323, 387, 1054, 94874, 7941, 49216, 2520, 10182, 14489, 11, 358, 4344, 1611, 441, 1676, 303, 83, 13, 128001 ]

Cognition and Learning Needs - Moderate Learning Difficulties (MLD) - Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD) – dyslexia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia Type of support/provision made at Farne Primary School - We support access to the curriculum and to develop the skills for independent learning e.g. through changes to classroom environments, use of IT, support staff, specific interventions etc. - We use a wide range of resources to promote multi-sensory, practical, creative and independent learning. - Staff seek specialists advice and the expertise from SENTASS (Special Educational Needs Teaching and Support Service) to ensure the needs of children are clearly identified. - Additional processing/thinking time for responding to questions, completing tasks, sharing ideas. - We assess pupils for access arrangements for SATs testing and provide appropriate arrangements. - Differentiated curriculum and resources to enable pupils to make progress. - Strategies to promote and develop literacy and mathematical skills with increasing independence. - Small group or 1:1 targeted intervention programmes are delivered to pupils to improve reading, writing and maths skills. - Small group differentiated daily phonics teaching for Reception, Key Stage 1 and some key Stage 2 pupils at their level of phonic acquisition. - Along with first quality teaching and interventions we also use IT based programmes used to reduce barriers to learning where possible e.g. R.M Maths. - Use of support materials and resources such as Numicon. - Provision of table top resources to promote independence and ensure that learning is multi-sensory and practical. - Strategies and resources to support dyslexic pupils eg. coloured overlays for reading, word banks to support spelling of key words. Updated September '17

368

[ 128000, 34, 31756, 323, 21579, 44240, 198, 12, 96075, 21579, 29469, 3951, 552, 320, 2735, 35, 340, 12, 29362, 21579, 29469, 3951, 552, 320, 6540, 12615, 8, 1389, 22709, 2635, 689, 11, 22709, 81730, 689, 11, 22709, 652, 710, 689, 198, 941, 315, 1862, 18493, 13311, 1903, 520, 13759, 818, 26150, 6150, 198, 12, 1226, 1862, 2680, 311, 279, 30676, 323, 311, 2274, 279, 7512, 369, 9678, 6975, 384, 1326, 13, 1555, 4442, 311, 24978, 22484, 11, 1005, 315, 8871, 11, 1862, 5687, 11, 3230, 39455, 5099, 627, 12, 1226, 1005, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 5070, 311, 12192, 7447, 1355, 729, 683, 11, 15325, 11, 11782, 323, 9678, 6975, 627, 12, 17381, 6056, 35416, 9650, 323, 279, 19248, 505, 96851, 5045, 320, 20989, 46945, 44240, 45377, 323, 9365, 5475, 8, 311, 6106, 279, 3966, 315, 2911, 527, 9539, 11054, 627, 12, 24086, 8863, 21071, 16113, 892, 369, 30438, 311, 4860, 11, 27666, 9256, 11, 11821, 6848, 627, 12, 1226, 8720, 45172, 369, 2680, 28904, 369, 43354, 82, 7649, 323, 3493, 8475, 28904, 627, 12, 34496, 10234, 30676, 323, 5070, 311, 7431, 45172, 311, 1304, 5208, 627, 12, 56619, 311, 12192, 323, 2274, 53082, 323, 37072, 7512, 449, 7859, 24589, 627, 12, 15344, 1912, 477, 220, 16, 25, 16, 17550, 21623, 38737, 527, 12886, 311, 45172, 311, 7417, 5403, 11, 4477, 323, 71808, 7512, 627, 12, 15344, 1912, 89142, 7446, 51923, 1233, 12917, 369, 77051, 11, 5422, 22891, 220, 16, 323, 1063, 1401, 22891, 220, 17, 45172, 520, 872, 2237, 315, 1343, 14338, 24279, 627, 12, 32944, 449, 1176, 4367, 12917, 323, 39455, 584, 1101, 1005, 8871, 3196, 38737, 1511, 311, 8108, 30740, 311, 6975, 1405, 3284, 384, 1326, 13, 432, 1345, 93678, 627, 12, 5560, 315, 1862, 7384, 323, 5070, 1778, 439, 16610, 1965, 627, 12, 72673, 315, 2007, 1948, 5070, 311, 12192, 24589, 323, 6106, 430, 6975, 374, 7447, 1355, 729, 683, 323, 15325, 627, 12, 56619, 323, 5070, 311, 1862, 22709, 2635, 292, 45172, 8866, 13, 58919, 97972, 369, 5403, 11, 3492, 14286, 311, 1862, 43529, 315, 1401, 4339, 627, 16593, 6250, 364, 1114, 128001 ]

|This article is part of a series on the| The Currency Act or Paper Bills of Credit Actis one of several Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain that regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British America. The Acts sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency. The policy created tension between the colonies and Great Britain and was cited as a grievance by colonists early in the American Revolution. However, the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the debts by colonists to British merchants were not a major cause of the Revolution. In 1995, a random survey of 178 members of the Economic History Association found that 92% of economists and 74% of historians disagreed with the statement, "The debts owed by colonists to British merchants and other private citizens constituted one of the most powerful causes leading to the Revolution." From their origin, the colonies struggled with the development of an effective medium of exchange for goods and services. After depleting the vast majority of their monetary resources through imports, the first settlers strained to keep money in circulation. They could not find a suitable medium of exchange in which the value did not depreciate. The colonists generally employed three main types of currency. The first was commodity money, using the staple of a given region as a means of exchange. The second was specie, or gold or silver money. Lastly, paper money (or fiat money), issued in the form of a bill of exchange or a banknote, mortgaged on the value of the land that an individual owned. Each year, the supply of specie in the colonies decreased due to international factors. The dearth of specie rendered it ineffective as a means of exchange for day-to-day purchases. Colonists frequently adopted a barter system to acquire the goods and services they required. Essentially, this method proved to be ineffective and a commodity system was adopted in its place. Tobacco was used as a monetary substitute in Virginia as early as 1619.A major shortcoming of this system was that the quality of the substitutes was inconsistent. The poorer qualities ended up in circulation while the finer qualities were inevitably exported. This commodity system became increasingly ineffective as colonial debts increased. In 1690, Massachusetts became the first colony to issue paper currency. This currency was employed as a means to finance its share of the debt from King William's War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, "that unless it is backed by specie it is cost-free currency". The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts was eleven percent.The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall colonial economy, which led to hyperinflation and the corresponding reduction in purchasing power per unit of money. British merchants were forced to accept this depreciated currency as a repayment of debts. This led to the Currency Act of 1751. The first Act, the Currency Act 1751 (24 Geo. II c. 53), restricted the issue of paper money and the establishment of new public banks by the colonies of New England.These colonies had issued paper fiat money known as "bills of credit" to help pay for military expenses during the French and Indian Wars. Because more paper money was issued than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but did not allow their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British colonies of North America. Unlike the earlier Act, this statute did not prohibit the colonies from issuing paper money, but it did forbid them from designating future currency issues as legal tender for public and private debts. This tight money policy created financial difficulties in the colonies, where gold and silver were in short supply.Benjamin Franklin, a colonial agent in London, lobbied for repeal of the Act over the next several years, as did other agents. The act arose when Virginia farmers continued to import during the French and Indian War. Virginia issued £250,000 in bills of credit to finance both public and private debts. This legislation differed from the 1751 act in that it prohibited the colonists from designating paper currency for use as payment for any debts, public or private. Parliament did not, however, prohibit the colonists from issuing paper money. The Act was put into place as a hedge against risks associated with economic fluctuations and uncertainty. The colonial government of the Province of New York insisted that the Currency Act prevented it from providing funds for British troops in compliance with the Quartering Act. As a result, in 1770, Parliament gave permission (10 Geo. Ill c. 35) for New York to issue £120,000 in paper currency for public but not private debts.Parliament extended these concessions to the other colonies in 1773 (13 Geo. III c. 57) by amending the Currency Act 1764, permitting the colonies to issue paper currency as legal tender for public debts. According to historian Jack Sosin, the British government had made its point: After nine years, the colonial agents had secured a paper currency for the provinces. But the Americans had tacitly, if not implicitly, acknowledged the authority of Parliament. And in the final analysis this was all the imperial government wanted. Currency Acts created tension between the colonies and the mother country, and were a contributing factor in the coming of the American Revolution. In all of the colonies except Delaware, the Acts were considered to be a "major grievance".When the First Continental Congress met in 1774, it issued a Declaration of Rights, which outlined colonial objections to certain Acts of Parliament. Congress called on Parliament to repeal the Currency Act of 1764, one of seven Acts labeled "subversive of American rights". However, according to historians Jack Greene and Richard Jellison, the currency debate was no longer really a "live issue" in 1774, due to the 1773 amendment of the Act. The controversy's most important impact was psychological, in that it helped convince many colonists that Parliament did not understand or care about their problems. Colonial leaders came to believe that they, rather than Parliament, were better suited to legislate for the colonies. The Stamp Act of 1765 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which imposed a direct tax on the British colonies in America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp. Printed materials included legal documents, magazines, playing cards, newspapers, and many other types of paper used throughout the colonies, and it had to be paid in British currency, not in colonial paper money. The House of Burgesses was the elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly, the legislative body of the Colony of Virginia. With the creation of the House of Burgesses in 1642, the General Assembly, which had been established in 1619, became a bicameral institution. The Intolerable Acts were punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British Government. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts. The Quartering Acts were two or more Acts of British Parliament requiring local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food. Each of the Quartering Acts was an amendment to the Mutiny Act and required annual renewal by Parliament. They were originally intended as a response to issues that arose during the French and Indian War and soon became a source of tensions between the inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies and the government in London. These tensions would later lead toward the American Revolution. The American Colonies Act 1766, commonly known as the Declaratory Act, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765 and the changing and lessening of the Sugar Act. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act because boycotts were hurting British trade and used the declaration to justify the repeal and save face. The declaration stated that the Parliament's authority was the same in America as in Britain and asserted Parliament's authority to pass laws that were binding on the American colonies. The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in British America which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The charter took effect on May 14, 1692, and included the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Plymouth Colony, the Province of Maine, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the direct successor. Maine has been a separate state since 1820, and Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are now Canadian provinces, having been part of the colony only until 1697. The Townshend Acts or Townshend Duties, refers to a series of British acts of Parliament passed during 1767 and 1768 relating to the British colonies in America. They are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer who proposed the program. Historians vary slightly as to which acts they include under the heading "Townshend Acts", but five are often listed: The Stamp Act Congress, also known as the Continental Congress of 1765, was a meeting held in New York, New York, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America. It was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation. Parliament had passed the Stamp Act, which required the use of specialty stamped paper for legal documents, playing cards, calendars, newspapers, and dice for virtually all business in the colonies starting on November 1, 1765. The Sugar Act 1764, also known as the American Revenue Act 1764 or the American Duties Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on 5 April 1764. The preamble to the act stated: "it is expedient that new provisions and regulations should be established for improving the revenue of this Kingdom ... and ... it is just and necessary that a revenue should be raised ... for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the same." The earlier Molasses Act 1733, which had imposed a tax of six pence per gallon of molasses, had never been effectively collected due to colonial evasion. By reducing the rate by half and increasing measures to enforce the tax, Parliament hoped that the tax would actually be collected. These incidents increased the colonists' concerns about the intent of the British Parliament and helped the growing movement that became the American Revolution. The Tea Act 1773 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The principal objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses and to help the struggling company survive. A related objective was to undercut the price of illegal tea, smuggled into Britain's North American colonies. This was supposed to convince the colonists to purchase Company tea on which the Townshend duties were paid, thus implicitly agreeing to accept Parliament's right of taxation. Smuggled tea was a large issue for Britain and the East India company, since approximately 86% of all the tea in America at the time was smuggled Dutch tea. "No taxation without representation" is a political slogan that originated in the American Revolution, and which expressed one of the primary grievances of the American colonists against Great Britain. In short, many colonists believed that as they were not represented in the distant British parliament, any taxes it imposed on the colonists were unconstitutional, and were a denial of the colonists' rights as Englishmen. A stamp act is any legislation that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents. Those who pay the tax receive an official stamp on their documents, making them legal documents. A variety of products have been covered by stamp acts including playing cards, dice, patent medicines, cheques, mortgages, contracts, marriage licenses and newspapers. The items often have to be physically stamped at approved government offices following payment of the duty, although methods involving annual payment of a fixed sum or purchase of adhesive stamps are more practical and common. Early American currency went through several stages of development during the colonial and post-Revolutionary history of the United States. John Hull was authorized by the Massachusetts legislature to make the earliest coinage of the colony, the willow, the oak, and the pine tree shilling in 1652. The Molasses Act of 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-British colonies. Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies. The Act was not passed for the purpose of raising revenue, but rather to regulate trade by making British products cheaper than those from the French West Indies. The Molasses Act greatly affected the significant colonial molasses trade. Canada has an extensive history with regard to its currencies. Prior to European contact, indigenous peoples in Canada used items such as wampum and furs for trading purposes, which continued when trade with Europeans began. The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying taxes apart from those imposed by the Townshend Acts. The Sons of Liberty strongly opposed the taxes in the Townshend Act as a violation of their rights. Protesters, some disguised as American Indians, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. Fiat money is a type of money that is not backed by any commodity such as gold or silver, and derives its value solely from the trust that people place on it. Throughout history, fiat money was sometimes issued by local banks and other institutions. In modern times, fiat money is generally established by government regulation. The American Revolutionary War inflicted great financial costs on all of the combatants, including the United States, France, Spain and the Kingdom of Great Britain. France and Great Britain spent 1.3 billion livres and 250 million pounds, respectively. The United States spent $400 million in wages for its troops. Spain increased its military spending from 454 million reales in 1778 to over 700 million reales in 1781. The constitutional history of opposition to taxation is sufficiently interesting to be abstracted from broader contexts. Key action occurred in the Colony of Virginia in the decade before 1776. A particular protest document, arguably the most eloquent and most effective among many colonial protests, merits special attention. The Boston Non-importation agreement was a boycott which restricted importation of goods to the city of Boston. This agreement was signed on August 1, 1768, by more than sixty merchants and traders. After two weeks time, there were only sixteen traders who did not join the effort.

3,227

[ 128000, 91, 2028, 4652, 374, 961, 315, 264, 4101, 389, 279, 7511, 791, 29553, 3298, 477, 18343, 46740, 315, 16666, 3298, 285, 832, 315, 3892, 49918, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 430, 35319, 5684, 3300, 11136, 555, 279, 49028, 315, 8013, 5270, 13, 578, 49918, 16495, 311, 6144, 8013, 42870, 323, 66599, 505, 1694, 7318, 304, 73058, 660, 37683, 11667, 13, 578, 4947, 3549, 24408, 1990, 279, 49028, 323, 8681, 13527, 323, 574, 22628, 439, 264, 51013, 685, 555, 15235, 1705, 4216, 304, 279, 3778, 22910, 13, 4452, 11, 279, 24811, 1684, 4315, 6617, 7100, 51801, 323, 45415, 374, 430, 279, 45305, 555, 15235, 1705, 311, 8013, 42870, 1051, 539, 264, 3682, 5353, 315, 279, 22910, 13, 763, 220, 2550, 20, 11, 264, 4288, 10795, 315, 220, 11256, 3697, 315, 279, 23362, 11346, 10229, 1766, 430, 220, 6083, 4, 315, 45415, 323, 220, 5728, 4, 315, 51801, 71803, 449, 279, 5224, 11, 330, 791, 45305, 49009, 555, 15235, 1705, 311, 8013, 42870, 323, 1023, 879, 10495, 65591, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 8147, 11384, 6522, 311, 279, 22910, 10246, 3915, 872, 6371, 11, 279, 49028, 28214, 449, 279, 4500, 315, 459, 7524, 11298, 315, 9473, 369, 11822, 323, 3600, 13, 4740, 409, 698, 1303, 279, 13057, 8857, 315, 872, 33384, 5070, 1555, 15557, 11, 279, 1176, 61107, 73779, 311, 2567, 3300, 304, 35855, 13, 2435, 1436, 539, 1505, 264, 14791, 11298, 315, 9473, 304, 902, 279, 907, 1550, 539, 73058, 349, 13, 578, 15235, 1705, 8965, 20011, 2380, 1925, 4595, 315, 11667, 13, 578, 1176, 574, 38983, 3300, 11, 1701, 279, 50056, 315, 264, 2728, 5654, 439, 264, 3445, 315, 9473, 13, 578, 2132, 574, 1424, 648, 11, 477, 6761, 477, 15310, 3300, 13, 71809, 11, 5684, 3300, 320, 269, 54930, 3300, 705, 11136, 304, 279, 1376, 315, 264, 4121, 315, 9473, 477, 264, 6201, 10179, 11, 10237, 70, 3359, 389, 279, 907, 315, 279, 4363, 430, 459, 3927, 13234, 627, 4959, 1060, 11, 279, 8312, 315, 1424, 648, 304, 279, 49028, 25983, 4245, 311, 6625, 9547, 13, 578, 25237, 339, 315, 1424, 648, 23188, 433, 55288, 439, 264, 3445, 315, 9473, 369, 1938, 4791, 11477, 24393, 13, 32042, 1705, 14134, 18306, 264, 3703, 466, 1887, 311, 21953, 279, 11822, 323, 3600, 814, 2631, 13, 71854, 11, 420, 1749, 19168, 311, 387, 55288, 323, 264, 38983, 1887, 574, 18306, 304, 1202, 2035, 13, 66210, 574, 1511, 439, 264, 33384, 28779, 304, 13286, 439, 4216, 439, 220, 10718, 24, 885, 3682, 2875, 5065, 315, 420, 1887, 574, 430, 279, 4367, 315, 279, 91362, 574, 40240, 13, 578, 66281, 29600, 9670, 709, 304, 35855, 1418, 279, 73886, 29600, 1051, 40605, 35990, 13, 1115, 38983, 1887, 6244, 15098, 55288, 439, 37683, 45305, 7319, 627, 644, 220, 11739, 15, 11, 22108, 6244, 279, 1176, 42036, 311, 4360, 5684, 11667, 13, 1115, 11667, 574, 20011, 439, 264, 3445, 311, 17452, 1202, 4430, 315, 279, 11897, 505, 6342, 12656, 596, 5111, 13, 7089, 49028, 6288, 8272, 7937, 11, 323, 555, 220, 11123, 20, 5899, 315, 279, 61759, 1047, 594, 13909, 311, 279, 67599, 315, 5684, 11667, 13, 84038, 31552, 435, 82276, 12711, 22020, 279, 9610, 315, 5684, 11667, 11, 330, 9210, 7389, 433, 374, 22126, 555, 1424, 648, 433, 374, 2853, 12862, 11667, 3343, 578, 5684, 11667, 73058, 660, 6288, 1606, 279, 49028, 17124, 810, 1109, 1148, 574, 72515, 704, 315, 35855, 13, 3296, 220, 11771, 15, 11, 50981, 10951, 19123, 315, 9473, 1051, 1193, 3116, 3346, 315, 3663, 907, 323, 1884, 315, 22108, 574, 45314, 3346, 11829, 3300, 8312, 574, 7982, 520, 264, 1790, 10819, 4478, 1109, 430, 315, 279, 8244, 37683, 8752, 11, 902, 6197, 311, 17508, 258, 65249, 323, 279, 12435, 14278, 304, 23395, 2410, 824, 5089, 315, 3300, 13, 8013, 42870, 1051, 9770, 311, 4287, 420, 73058, 660, 11667, 439, 264, 71118, 315, 45305, 13, 1115, 6197, 311, 279, 29553, 3298, 315, 220, 10005, 16, 627, 791, 1176, 3298, 11, 279, 29553, 3298, 220, 10005, 16, 320, 1187, 33010, 13, 8105, 272, 13, 220, 4331, 705, 22486, 279, 4360, 315, 5684, 3300, 323, 279, 21967, 315, 502, 586, 14286, 555, 279, 49028, 315, 1561, 9635, 5221, 2423, 49028, 1047, 11136, 5684, 54930, 3300, 3967, 439, 330, 65, 3385, 315, 6807, 1, 311, 1520, 2343, 369, 6411, 18512, 2391, 279, 8753, 323, 7904, 15317, 13, 9393, 810, 5684, 3300, 574, 11136, 1109, 1148, 574, 72515, 704, 315, 35855, 11, 279, 11667, 73058, 660, 304, 12976, 311, 279, 8013, 31123, 73037, 13, 578, 84913, 25544, 574, 28856, 311, 42870, 304, 8681, 13527, 11, 889, 1051, 9770, 311, 4287, 279, 73058, 660, 11667, 505, 15235, 1705, 369, 8323, 315, 45305, 627, 791, 3298, 7347, 279, 3938, 4360, 315, 19123, 315, 6807, 311, 3738, 13463, 13, 1102, 5535, 279, 6484, 19123, 311, 387, 1511, 439, 5897, 28682, 369, 586, 45305, 320, 72, 1770, 13, 12798, 13426, 705, 719, 1550, 539, 2187, 872, 1005, 369, 879, 45305, 320, 68, 1326, 13, 369, 12798, 42870, 4390, 791, 29553, 3298, 220, 10967, 19, 320, 19, 33010, 13, 14767, 272, 13, 220, 1958, 8, 11838, 279, 220, 10005, 16, 3298, 311, 682, 315, 279, 8013, 49028, 315, 4892, 5270, 13, 27140, 279, 6931, 3298, 11, 420, 35786, 1550, 539, 48486, 279, 49028, 505, 43221, 5684, 3300, 11, 719, 433, 1550, 74731, 1124, 505, 2955, 1113, 3938, 11667, 4819, 439, 5897, 28682, 369, 586, 323, 879, 45305, 13, 1115, 10508, 3300, 4947, 3549, 6020, 27129, 304, 279, 49028, 11, 1405, 6761, 323, 15310, 1051, 304, 2875, 8312, 1823, 268, 26312, 19372, 11, 264, 37683, 8479, 304, 7295, 11, 326, 21046, 1142, 369, 40679, 315, 279, 3298, 927, 279, 1828, 3892, 1667, 11, 439, 1550, 1023, 13307, 13, 578, 1180, 51063, 994, 13286, 20957, 8738, 311, 1179, 2391, 279, 8753, 323, 7904, 5111, 13, 13286, 11136, 7083, 5154, 11, 931, 304, 19123, 315, 6807, 311, 17452, 2225, 586, 323, 879, 45305, 13, 1115, 13543, 89075, 505, 279, 220, 10005, 16, 1180, 304, 430, 433, 27010, 279, 15235, 1705, 505, 2955, 1113, 5684, 11667, 369, 1005, 439, 8323, 369, 904, 45305, 11, 586, 477, 879, 13, 20302, 1550, 539, 11, 4869, 11, 48486, 279, 15235, 1705, 505, 43221, 5684, 3300, 13, 578, 3298, 574, 2231, 1139, 2035, 439, 264, 42766, 2403, 15635, 5938, 449, 7100, 65649, 323, 27924, 627, 791, 37683, 3109, 315, 279, 38894, 315, 1561, 4356, 29676, 430, 279, 29553, 3298, 32098, 433, 505, 8405, 10736, 369, 8013, 17312, 304, 8907, 449, 279, 35494, 287, 3298, 13, 1666, 264, 1121, 11, 304, 220, 11242, 15, 11, 20302, 6688, 8041, 320, 605, 33010, 13, 12799, 272, 13, 220, 1758, 8, 369, 1561, 4356, 311, 4360, 7083, 4364, 11, 931, 304, 5684, 11667, 369, 586, 719, 539, 879, 45305, 42388, 12685, 11838, 1521, 62608, 311, 279, 1023, 49028, 304, 220, 11242, 18, 320, 1032, 33010, 13, 14767, 272, 13, 220, 3226, 8, 555, 1097, 2518, 279, 29553, 3298, 220, 10967, 19, 11, 62174, 279, 49028, 311, 4360, 5684, 11667, 439, 5897, 28682, 369, 586, 45305, 13, 10771, 311, 44068, 7762, 328, 437, 258, 11, 279, 8013, 3109, 1047, 1903, 1202, 1486, 512, 6153, 11888, 1667, 11, 279, 37683, 13307, 1047, 27528, 264, 5684, 11667, 369, 279, 41021, 13, 2030, 279, 9053, 1047, 60388, 275, 398, 11, 422, 539, 52873, 11, 26579, 279, 11447, 315, 20302, 13, 1628, 304, 279, 1620, 6492, 420, 574, 682, 279, 35379, 3109, 4934, 627, 27418, 49918, 3549, 24408, 1990, 279, 49028, 323, 279, 6691, 3224, 11, 323, 1051, 264, 29820, 8331, 304, 279, 5108, 315, 279, 3778, 22910, 13, 763, 682, 315, 279, 49028, 3734, 40838, 11, 279, 49918, 1051, 6646, 311, 387, 264, 330, 37605, 51013, 685, 3343, 4599, 279, 5629, 61834, 8151, 2322, 304, 220, 11242, 19, 11, 433, 11136, 264, 42021, 315, 10734, 11, 902, 33740, 37683, 54111, 311, 3738, 49918, 315, 20302, 13, 8151, 2663, 389, 20302, 311, 40679, 279, 29553, 3298, 315, 220, 10967, 19, 11, 832, 315, 8254, 49918, 30929, 330, 2008, 3078, 535, 315, 3778, 3268, 23811, 11458, 11, 4184, 311, 51801, 7762, 59174, 323, 12131, 622, 616, 3416, 11, 279, 11667, 11249, 574, 912, 5129, 2216, 264, 330, 25859, 4360, 1, 304, 220, 11242, 19, 11, 4245, 311, 279, 220, 11242, 18, 28238, 315, 279, 3298, 13, 578, 26654, 596, 1455, 3062, 5536, 574, 24064, 11, 304, 430, 433, 9087, 28008, 1690, 15235, 1705, 430, 20302, 1550, 539, 3619, 477, 2512, 922, 872, 5435, 13, 73848, 6164, 3782, 311, 4510, 430, 814, 11, 4856, 1109, 20302, 11, 1051, 2731, 32599, 311, 8697, 5185, 369, 279, 49028, 627, 791, 55887, 3298, 315, 220, 10967, 20, 574, 459, 3298, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 902, 27070, 264, 2167, 3827, 389, 279, 8013, 49028, 304, 5270, 323, 2631, 430, 1690, 17124, 7384, 304, 279, 49028, 387, 9124, 389, 65139, 5684, 9124, 304, 7295, 11, 15691, 459, 8126, 88950, 13254, 21899, 13, 71065, 7384, 5343, 5897, 9477, 11, 32947, 11, 5737, 7563, 11, 32594, 11, 323, 1690, 1023, 4595, 315, 5684, 1511, 6957, 279, 49028, 11, 323, 433, 1047, 311, 387, 7318, 304, 8013, 11667, 11, 539, 304, 37683, 5684, 3300, 627, 791, 4783, 315, 41109, 65970, 574, 279, 16689, 18740, 2449, 315, 279, 13286, 3331, 12000, 11, 279, 27743, 2547, 315, 279, 82946, 315, 13286, 13, 3161, 279, 9886, 315, 279, 4783, 315, 41109, 65970, 304, 220, 10513, 17, 11, 279, 3331, 12000, 11, 902, 1047, 1027, 9749, 304, 220, 10718, 24, 11, 6244, 264, 60831, 309, 3333, 15244, 627, 791, 1357, 22847, 481, 49918, 1051, 82532, 7016, 5946, 555, 279, 8013, 20302, 304, 220, 11242, 19, 1306, 279, 10406, 31125, 8722, 13, 578, 7016, 1051, 8967, 311, 32151, 279, 22108, 15235, 1705, 369, 872, 90883, 304, 279, 31125, 8722, 8835, 304, 13010, 311, 4442, 304, 51727, 555, 279, 8013, 10423, 13, 763, 8681, 13527, 11, 1521, 7016, 1051, 14183, 311, 439, 279, 3623, 3035, 535, 49918, 627, 791, 35494, 287, 49918, 1051, 1403, 477, 810, 49918, 315, 8013, 20302, 23537, 2254, 17047, 315, 279, 3778, 49028, 311, 3493, 279, 8013, 15201, 449, 11983, 323, 3691, 13, 9062, 315, 279, 35494, 287, 49918, 574, 459, 28238, 311, 279, 32328, 6577, 3298, 323, 2631, 9974, 43901, 555, 20302, 13, 2435, 1051, 13517, 10825, 439, 264, 2077, 311, 4819, 430, 51063, 2391, 279, 8753, 323, 7904, 5111, 323, 5246, 6244, 264, 2592, 315, 39510, 1990, 279, 40771, 315, 279, 666, 46004, 32042, 552, 323, 279, 3109, 304, 7295, 13, 4314, 39510, 1053, 3010, 3063, 9017, 279, 3778, 22910, 627, 791, 3778, 32042, 552, 3298, 220, 10967, 21, 11, 17037, 3967, 439, 279, 1611, 13115, 5382, 3298, 11, 574, 459, 3298, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 902, 24895, 279, 40679, 315, 279, 55887, 3298, 220, 10967, 20, 323, 279, 10223, 323, 2753, 6147, 315, 279, 32019, 3298, 13, 20302, 87014, 279, 55887, 3298, 1606, 53645, 82, 1051, 48389, 8013, 6696, 323, 1511, 279, 18489, 311, 9541, 279, 40679, 323, 3665, 3663, 13, 578, 18489, 11224, 430, 279, 20302, 596, 11447, 574, 279, 1890, 304, 5270, 439, 304, 13527, 323, 50697, 20302, 596, 11447, 311, 1522, 7016, 430, 1051, 11212, 389, 279, 3778, 49028, 627, 791, 38894, 315, 22108, 9332, 574, 264, 42036, 304, 8013, 5270, 902, 6244, 832, 315, 279, 61759, 4113, 5415, 315, 279, 3723, 4273, 13, 1102, 574, 1181, 34259, 389, 6664, 220, 22, 11, 220, 11739, 16, 11, 555, 12656, 14767, 323, 10455, 8105, 11, 279, 10496, 63854, 82, 315, 279, 96506, 315, 9635, 11, 19627, 11, 323, 14990, 13, 578, 38124, 3952, 2515, 389, 3297, 220, 975, 11, 220, 11739, 17, 11, 323, 5343, 279, 22108, 9332, 82946, 11, 279, 72098, 82946, 11, 279, 38894, 315, 30890, 11, 51970, 596, 50795, 17884, 11, 452, 519, 11400, 11, 35741, 63966, 11, 323, 1561, 61250, 26, 279, 38298, 315, 22108, 374, 279, 2167, 34665, 13, 30890, 706, 1027, 264, 8821, 1614, 2533, 220, 10828, 15, 11, 323, 35741, 63966, 323, 1561, 61250, 527, 1457, 12152, 41021, 11, 3515, 1027, 961, 315, 279, 42036, 1193, 3156, 220, 11739, 22, 627, 791, 14298, 939, 408, 49918, 477, 14298, 939, 408, 44636, 552, 11, 19813, 311, 264, 4101, 315, 8013, 14385, 315, 20302, 5946, 2391, 220, 10967, 22, 323, 220, 10967, 23, 23343, 311, 279, 8013, 49028, 304, 5270, 13, 2435, 527, 7086, 1306, 15274, 14298, 939, 408, 11, 279, 48063, 315, 279, 1398, 1557, 16339, 889, 11223, 279, 2068, 13, 22425, 5493, 13592, 10284, 439, 311, 902, 14385, 814, 2997, 1234, 279, 14836, 330, 69594, 939, 408, 49918, 498, 719, 4330, 527, 3629, 10212, 512, 791, 55887, 3298, 8151, 11, 1101, 3967, 439, 279, 61834, 8151, 315, 220, 10967, 20, 11, 574, 264, 6574, 5762, 304, 1561, 4356, 11, 1561, 4356, 11, 31706, 315, 24005, 505, 1063, 315, 279, 8013, 49028, 304, 4892, 5270, 13, 1102, 574, 279, 1176, 23738, 315, 16689, 24005, 505, 3892, 315, 279, 3778, 49028, 311, 53165, 264, 43790, 8835, 2403, 502, 8013, 51727, 13, 20302, 1047, 5946, 279, 55887, 3298, 11, 902, 2631, 279, 1005, 315, 36974, 65139, 5684, 369, 5897, 9477, 11, 5737, 7563, 11, 72095, 11, 32594, 11, 323, 22901, 369, 21907, 682, 2626, 304, 279, 49028, 6041, 389, 6841, 220, 16, 11, 220, 10967, 20, 627, 791, 32019, 3298, 220, 10967, 19, 11, 1101, 3967, 439, 279, 3778, 38493, 3298, 220, 10967, 19, 477, 279, 3778, 44636, 552, 3298, 11, 574, 264, 13254, 59401, 3876, 1180, 5946, 555, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 389, 220, 20, 5936, 220, 10967, 19, 13, 578, 90554, 311, 279, 1180, 11224, 25, 330, 275, 374, 31727, 1188, 430, 502, 19705, 323, 14640, 1288, 387, 9749, 369, 18899, 279, 13254, 315, 420, 15422, 2564, 323, 2564, 433, 374, 1120, 323, 5995, 430, 264, 13254, 1288, 387, 9408, 2564, 369, 711, 11872, 287, 279, 18512, 315, 29269, 11, 22973, 11, 323, 41577, 279, 1890, 1210, 578, 6931, 33518, 52090, 3298, 220, 11908, 18, 11, 902, 1047, 27070, 264, 3827, 315, 4848, 281, 768, 824, 50680, 315, 22337, 52090, 11, 1047, 2646, 1027, 13750, 14890, 4245, 311, 37683, 77832, 13, 3296, 18189, 279, 4478, 555, 4376, 323, 7859, 11193, 311, 29262, 279, 3827, 11, 20302, 26253, 430, 279, 3827, 1053, 3604, 387, 14890, 13, 4314, 24455, 7319, 279, 15235, 1705, 6, 10742, 922, 279, 7537, 315, 279, 8013, 20302, 323, 9087, 279, 7982, 7351, 430, 6244, 279, 3778, 22910, 627, 791, 31125, 3298, 220, 11242, 18, 574, 459, 3298, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 13, 578, 12717, 16945, 574, 311, 8108, 279, 11191, 3392, 315, 15600, 5762, 555, 279, 39075, 42132, 8013, 6460, 6890, 8351, 304, 1202, 7295, 83273, 323, 311, 1520, 279, 20558, 2883, 18167, 13, 362, 5552, 16945, 574, 311, 96109, 279, 3430, 315, 12079, 15600, 11, 41837, 839, 1139, 13527, 596, 4892, 3778, 49028, 13, 1115, 574, 10171, 311, 28008, 279, 15235, 1705, 311, 7782, 8351, 15600, 389, 902, 279, 14298, 939, 408, 22006, 1051, 7318, 11, 8617, 52873, 39427, 311, 4287, 20302, 596, 1314, 315, 51727, 13, 4487, 2661, 839, 15600, 574, 264, 3544, 4360, 369, 13527, 323, 279, 6460, 6890, 2883, 11, 2533, 13489, 220, 4218, 4, 315, 682, 279, 15600, 304, 5270, 520, 279, 892, 574, 41837, 839, 24113, 15600, 627, 39522, 51727, 2085, 13340, 1, 374, 264, 5054, 52637, 430, 44853, 304, 279, 3778, 22910, 11, 323, 902, 13605, 832, 315, 279, 6156, 88036, 315, 279, 3778, 15235, 1705, 2403, 8681, 13527, 13, 763, 2875, 11, 1690, 15235, 1705, 11846, 430, 439, 814, 1051, 539, 15609, 304, 279, 29827, 8013, 21814, 11, 904, 13426, 433, 27070, 389, 279, 15235, 1705, 1051, 53925, 11, 323, 1051, 264, 35013, 315, 279, 15235, 1705, 6, 3268, 439, 6498, 5794, 627, 32, 21899, 1180, 374, 904, 13543, 430, 7612, 264, 3827, 311, 387, 7318, 389, 279, 8481, 315, 3738, 9477, 13, 13266, 889, 2343, 279, 3827, 5371, 459, 4033, 21899, 389, 872, 9477, 11, 3339, 1124, 5897, 9477, 13, 362, 8205, 315, 3956, 617, 1027, 9960, 555, 21899, 14385, 2737, 5737, 7563, 11, 22901, 11, 25589, 39653, 11, 3091, 14295, 11, 61998, 11, 17517, 11, 11103, 21746, 323, 32594, 13, 578, 3673, 3629, 617, 311, 387, 22655, 65139, 520, 12054, 3109, 19672, 2768, 8323, 315, 279, 14523, 11, 8051, 5528, 16239, 9974, 8323, 315, 264, 8521, 2694, 477, 7782, 315, 65558, 50312, 527, 810, 15325, 323, 4279, 627, 42298, 3778, 11667, 4024, 1555, 3892, 18094, 315, 4500, 2391, 279, 37683, 323, 1772, 12, 37284, 3294, 661, 3925, 315, 279, 3723, 4273, 13, 3842, 58486, 574, 19144, 555, 279, 22108, 39856, 311, 1304, 279, 30758, 16652, 425, 315, 279, 42036, 11, 279, 690, 363, 11, 279, 38971, 11, 323, 279, 34697, 5021, 559, 9585, 304, 220, 10680, 17, 627, 791, 33518, 52090, 3298, 315, 220, 11908, 18, 574, 459, 3298, 315, 279, 20302, 315, 8681, 13527, 11, 902, 27070, 264, 3827, 315, 4848, 281, 768, 824, 50680, 389, 15557, 315, 22337, 52090, 505, 2536, 7826, 1018, 819, 49028, 13, 20302, 3549, 279, 1180, 14090, 520, 279, 79397, 315, 3544, 83052, 7980, 304, 279, 8013, 4410, 85318, 13, 578, 3298, 574, 539, 5946, 369, 279, 7580, 315, 19054, 13254, 11, 719, 4856, 311, 37377, 6696, 555, 3339, 8013, 3956, 23917, 1109, 1884, 505, 279, 8753, 4410, 85318, 13, 578, 33518, 52090, 3298, 19407, 11754, 279, 5199, 37683, 22337, 52090, 6696, 627, 37031, 706, 459, 16781, 3925, 449, 5363, 311, 1202, 36702, 13, 32499, 311, 7665, 3729, 11, 39678, 32538, 304, 7008, 1511, 3673, 1778, 439, 289, 1141, 372, 323, 282, 1759, 369, 11380, 10096, 11, 902, 8738, 994, 6696, 449, 51607, 6137, 627, 791, 10406, 31125, 8722, 574, 459, 3778, 5054, 323, 16888, 519, 458, 8835, 555, 279, 51838, 315, 32492, 304, 10406, 11, 22108, 11, 389, 6790, 220, 845, 11, 220, 11242, 18, 13, 578, 2218, 574, 279, 31125, 3298, 315, 3297, 220, 605, 11, 220, 11242, 18, 11, 902, 5535, 279, 8013, 6460, 6890, 8351, 311, 4662, 15600, 505, 5734, 304, 3778, 49028, 2085, 12798, 13426, 10980, 505, 1884, 27070, 555, 279, 14298, 939, 408, 49918, 13, 578, 51838, 315, 32492, 16917, 16475, 279, 13426, 304, 279, 14298, 939, 408, 3298, 439, 264, 20535, 315, 872, 3268, 13, 37759, 388, 11, 1063, 79187, 439, 3778, 30507, 11, 14763, 459, 4553, 44854, 315, 15600, 3288, 555, 279, 6460, 6890, 8351, 627, 37, 10574, 3300, 374, 264, 955, 315, 3300, 430, 374, 539, 22126, 555, 904, 38983, 1778, 439, 6761, 477, 15310, 11, 323, 75549, 1202, 907, 21742, 505, 279, 7095, 430, 1274, 2035, 389, 433, 13, 46982, 3925, 11, 54930, 3300, 574, 7170, 11136, 555, 2254, 14286, 323, 1023, 14673, 13, 763, 6617, 3115, 11, 54930, 3300, 374, 8965, 9749, 555, 3109, 19812, 627, 791, 3778, 67679, 5111, 69177, 2294, 6020, 7194, 389, 682, 315, 279, 12896, 1821, 11, 2737, 279, 3723, 4273, 11, 9822, 11, 18157, 323, 279, 15422, 315, 8681, 13527, 13, 9822, 323, 8681, 13527, 7543, 220, 16, 13, 18, 7239, 15471, 417, 323, 220, 5154, 3610, 16701, 11, 15947, 13, 578, 3723, 4273, 7543, 400, 3443, 3610, 304, 23998, 369, 1202, 17312, 13, 18157, 7319, 1202, 6411, 10374, 505, 220, 20555, 3610, 312, 3916, 304, 220, 11242, 23, 311, 927, 220, 7007, 3610, 312, 3916, 304, 220, 11256, 16, 627, 791, 25543, 3925, 315, 14076, 311, 51727, 374, 40044, 7185, 311, 387, 8278, 291, 505, 27927, 38697, 13, 5422, 1957, 10222, 304, 279, 82946, 315, 13286, 304, 279, 13515, 1603, 220, 11242, 21, 13, 362, 4040, 8835, 2246, 11, 36659, 279, 1455, 64235, 17187, 323, 1455, 7524, 4315, 1690, 37683, 22670, 11, 50932, 3361, 6666, 627, 791, 10406, 11842, 54415, 367, 9306, 574, 264, 53645, 902, 22486, 1179, 367, 315, 11822, 311, 279, 3363, 315, 10406, 13, 1115, 9306, 574, 8667, 389, 6287, 220, 16, 11, 220, 10967, 23, 11, 555, 810, 1109, 53474, 42870, 323, 35687, 13, 4740, 1403, 5672, 892, 11, 1070, 1051, 1193, 59139, 35687, 889, 1550, 539, 5249, 279, 5149, 13, 128001 ]

Our Selection of Used SUVs SUVs are especially popular. From Ashwaubenon to De Pere and even beyond, customers are switching to this body style up from small sedans and down from larger trucks due to the versatility and capability an SUV provides. That's why we make sure to keep plenty in stock - especially models like the compact Ford Escape and the Ford Edge. These two Ford models are among the most popular SUVs we sell, and because of this, we make sure to keep plenty of them in-stock in previously owned condition as well as new condition. Not only that though, we also have plenty of other pre-owned SUVs from names such as Lincoln and Kia as well!

143

[ 128000, 8140, 25117, 315, 12477, 39773, 82, 198, 50, 23042, 82, 527, 5423, 5526, 13, 5659, 14937, 10196, 77067, 263, 311, 1611, 73578, 323, 1524, 7953, 11, 6444, 527, 28865, 311, 420, 2547, 1742, 709, 505, 2678, 11163, 598, 323, 1523, 505, 8294, 27861, 4245, 311, 279, 60112, 323, 23099, 459, 39773, 5825, 13, 3011, 596, 3249, 584, 1304, 2771, 311, 2567, 11510, 304, 5708, 482, 5423, 4211, 1093, 279, 17251, 14337, 46743, 323, 279, 14337, 10564, 13, 4314, 1403, 14337, 4211, 527, 4315, 279, 1455, 5526, 39773, 82, 584, 4662, 11, 323, 1606, 315, 420, 11, 584, 1304, 2771, 311, 2567, 11510, 315, 1124, 304, 88211, 304, 8767, 13234, 3044, 439, 1664, 439, 502, 3044, 13, 2876, 1193, 430, 3582, 11, 584, 1101, 617, 11510, 315, 1023, 864, 29799, 39773, 82, 505, 5144, 1778, 439, 25379, 323, 81370, 439, 1664, 0, 128001 ]

Ok so for modern day Germans its definitely not so clear cut, having a conglomeration of different cultures and territories. But through my best analysis we would have to go for the largest confederations of tribes throughout Germany, most notably the Germanic tribes as the Celts were most likely pushed back into Gaul. And of course Germany wasn’t a state back then so what is now Netherlands would have been encompassed within this sphere of Germanic peoples. Eastern Germany - Semnones Northwestern Germany - Saxons Central Germany - Langobards Northeastern Germany - maybe Rugii? Or the Warini, among others Southwestern Germany - maybe the Quadi but possibly others Southeastern Germany - Marcomanni and others Western Germany and Southern Germany as a whole seem to be more of a mix of tribes, prob due to less river systems and closer proximity to the Celts, especially the Boii celtic tribe in the south. But Celts (continental celts) should not be excluded from the picture here, as they were most likely there before the Germanic tribes came along (late Bronze Age - early Iron Age).

245

[ 128000, 11839, 779, 369, 6617, 1938, 42037, 1202, 8659, 539, 779, 2867, 4018, 11, 3515, 264, 390, 6200, 316, 21597, 315, 2204, 27833, 323, 39543, 13, 2030, 1555, 856, 1888, 6492, 584, 1053, 617, 311, 733, 369, 279, 7928, 2389, 7442, 811, 315, 39503, 6957, 10057, 11, 1455, 35146, 279, 6063, 292, 39503, 439, 279, 47643, 2641, 1051, 1455, 4461, 15753, 1203, 1139, 95626, 13, 1628, 315, 3388, 10057, 5828, 1431, 264, 1614, 1203, 1243, 779, 1148, 374, 1457, 26746, 1053, 617, 1027, 38632, 291, 2949, 420, 26436, 315, 6063, 292, 32538, 13, 4815, 97488, 10057, 482, 14582, 77, 3233, 271, 26287, 31382, 10057, 482, 68027, 2439, 271, 44503, 10057, 482, 23272, 677, 2402, 271, 33763, 15102, 944, 10057, 482, 7344, 37450, 3893, 30, 2582, 279, 5111, 6729, 11, 4315, 3885, 271, 26070, 31382, 10057, 482, 7344, 279, 3489, 2836, 719, 11000, 3885, 271, 58532, 15102, 944, 10057, 482, 2947, 884, 43761, 323, 3885, 4815, 55924, 10057, 323, 16642, 10057, 439, 264, 4459, 2873, 311, 387, 810, 315, 264, 6651, 315, 39503, 11, 3650, 4245, 311, 2753, 15140, 6067, 323, 12401, 37843, 311, 279, 47643, 2641, 11, 5423, 279, 2577, 3893, 272, 3903, 292, 34671, 304, 279, 10007, 13, 2030, 47643, 2641, 320, 83951, 19637, 2641, 8, 1288, 539, 387, 28544, 505, 279, 6945, 1618, 11, 439, 814, 1051, 1455, 4461, 1070, 1603, 279, 6063, 292, 39503, 3782, 3235, 320, 5185, 45967, 13381, 482, 4216, 16979, 13381, 570, 128001 ]

We are happy to present the fantastic Mirrycle Incredibell Jellibell Bicycle Bell. With so many available recently, it is wise to have a name you can recognise. The Mirrycle Incredibell Jellibell Bicycle Bell is certainly that and will be a great buy. For this reduced price, the Mirrycle Incredibell Jellibell Bicycle Bell is widely respected and is a regular choice amongst lots of people. Mirrycle have provided some excellent touches and this equals great value for money.

112

[ 128000, 1687, 527, 6380, 311, 3118, 279, 14964, 14603, 894, 9326, 763, 11081, 581, 616, 622, 616, 581, 616, 79447, 18366, 627, 2409, 779, 1690, 2561, 6051, 11, 433, 374, 24219, 311, 617, 264, 836, 499, 649, 44917, 13, 578, 14603, 894, 9326, 763, 11081, 581, 616, 622, 616, 581, 616, 79447, 18366, 374, 7995, 430, 323, 690, 387, 264, 2294, 3780, 627, 2520, 420, 11293, 3430, 11, 279, 14603, 894, 9326, 763, 11081, 581, 616, 622, 616, 581, 616, 79447, 18366, 374, 13882, 31387, 323, 374, 264, 5912, 5873, 24059, 10283, 315, 1274, 13, 14603, 894, 9326, 617, 3984, 1063, 9250, 29727, 323, 420, 17239, 2294, 907, 369, 3300, 13, 128001 ]

Ever been to Hong Kong? That's great infrastructure. California's infrastructure is lousy. 2 lanes each way on the most populous state's main interstate artery (I-5)? Embarrassing. Ever been to any state or county hospitals? Almost a 3rd world vibe. The roadsides look like shit, no civic design or beautification, no merging of nature, no technology--- nothing that you'd expect from California.

93

[ 128000, 44587, 1027, 311, 19730, 18711, 30, 3011, 596, 2294, 14054, 382, 7188, 596, 14054, 374, 326, 94623, 13, 220, 17, 34125, 1855, 1648, 389, 279, 1455, 95551, 1614, 596, 1925, 74183, 65415, 320, 40, 12, 20, 12106, 30227, 21590, 287, 13, 4815, 44587, 1027, 311, 904, 1614, 477, 14189, 24461, 30, 35403, 264, 220, 18, 6634, 1917, 47811, 13, 4815, 791, 19795, 3422, 1427, 1093, 17619, 11, 912, 44973, 2955, 477, 5017, 2461, 11, 912, 54477, 315, 7138, 11, 912, 5557, 4521, 4400, 430, 499, 4265, 1755, 505, 7188, 13, 220, 128001 ]

Getting Information to and from the National Weather Service Your National Weather Service in Gaylord provides free up-to-date forecasts and warnings for 25 counties throughout northern Michigan, as well as provides forecasts for the nearshore waters and three airport locations (Traverse City, Pellston, and Alpena Airports). However, many people often ask us the best way to get this information. As would be expected in this technology age, the answer to this question is quite varied, but below is an attempt to inform you (our customers) of the various ways you can get the latest information from the National Weather Service to use in your daily decision making. In addition, we like to hear from you. After all, even with all the latest technology available for weather observering, it is still impossible to beat the human observer. Be sure to check out the various ways you can report weather to the National Weather service by visiting the Reporting Section below. Report Your Information to Us

197

[ 128000, 29755, 8245, 311, 323, 505, 279, 5165, 23454, 5475, 198, 7927, 5165, 23454, 5475, 304, 21334, 26680, 5825, 1949, 709, 4791, 18920, 51165, 323, 19530, 369, 220, 914, 31276, 6957, 18671, 14972, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 5825, 51165, 369, 279, 3221, 29526, 21160, 323, 2380, 17149, 10687, 320, 1305, 23247, 4409, 11, 89008, 7876, 11, 323, 1708, 2821, 64, 6690, 3476, 570, 4452, 11, 1690, 1274, 3629, 2610, 603, 279, 1888, 1648, 311, 636, 420, 2038, 13, 1666, 1053, 387, 3685, 304, 420, 5557, 4325, 11, 279, 4320, 311, 420, 3488, 374, 5115, 28830, 11, 719, 3770, 374, 459, 4879, 311, 6179, 499, 320, 414, 6444, 8, 315, 279, 5370, 5627, 499, 649, 636, 279, 5652, 2038, 505, 279, 5165, 23454, 5475, 311, 1005, 304, 701, 7446, 5597, 3339, 627, 644, 5369, 11, 584, 1093, 311, 6865, 505, 499, 13, 4740, 682, 11, 1524, 449, 682, 279, 5652, 5557, 2561, 369, 9282, 22842, 287, 11, 433, 374, 2103, 12266, 311, 9567, 279, 3823, 22842, 13, 2893, 2771, 311, 1817, 704, 279, 5370, 5627, 499, 649, 1934, 9282, 311, 279, 5165, 23454, 2532, 555, 17136, 279, 47793, 11360, 3770, 627, 10577, 4718, 8245, 311, 4073, 128001 ]

With recent research shedding light to the fact that pregnant mothers living near pesticide-infested farms were 60 percent more likely to have autistic children, perhaps it’s time to delve a little deeper into the problems surrounding pesticide use nationwide. Though most of the mothers with autistic children in the study lived near fields treated with pesticides, most of the fields had several different pesticides– so understanding the risks of individual chemicals is an especially tall order, said epidemiologist Janie Shelton, PhD, the study’s lead author. The study also found a greater risk of developmental delays separate from autism in children whose mothers lived near fields where carbamates (a commonly used pesticide) were administered during their pregnancy. Furthermore, pesticides were seen to disrupt brain development and signaling so that social interactions, learning and behavior were significantly impaired. Former studies have associated pesticide use in California to autism spectrum disorders, too. A 2007 research project witnessed pervasive developmental disorders doubled with 531 children whose mothers’ urine had greater amounts of organophosphate pesticides. Another study from that year showed that mothers who lived near fields with two now-banned pesticides, called endosulfan and dicofol, were a whopping six times more likely to have children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism rates have been increasing in the United States, with the numbers climbing 30 percent between 2012 and 2014 alone. This rise in autism cases has been credited to alterations in diagnostic criteria. “Many children that we used to call intellectually disabled and many more with social deficits are now recognized as being on the autism spectrum,” says Kathy Katz, PhD, a pediatric psychologist at Georgetown University Medical Center. Many experts think that environmental exposures could be another reason for the heightened autism rates, with researchers finding that roughly one-third of the increase could be explained by changing diagnoses or kids being diagnosed at younger and younger ages. Always remember to consult your physician or chiropractor before taking any health advice. This article is made available for general, entertainment and educational purposes only. The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of The Joint Corp (or its franchisees and affiliates). You should always seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.

448

[ 128000, 2409, 3293, 3495, 80417, 3177, 311, 279, 2144, 430, 20895, 27698, 5496, 3221, 84673, 48336, 10185, 34324, 1051, 220, 1399, 3346, 810, 4461, 311, 617, 81391, 2911, 11, 8530, 433, 753, 892, 311, 82845, 264, 2697, 19662, 1139, 279, 5435, 14932, 84673, 1005, 29054, 627, 27831, 1455, 315, 279, 27698, 449, 81391, 2911, 304, 279, 4007, 12439, 3221, 5151, 12020, 449, 61257, 11, 1455, 315, 279, 5151, 1047, 3892, 2204, 61257, 4235, 779, 8830, 279, 15635, 315, 3927, 26333, 374, 459, 5423, 16615, 2015, 11, 1071, 62057, 16549, 4448, 648, 37940, 783, 11, 30661, 11, 279, 4007, 753, 3063, 3229, 627, 791, 4007, 1101, 1766, 264, 7191, 5326, 315, 48006, 32174, 8821, 505, 38281, 304, 2911, 6832, 27698, 12439, 3221, 5151, 1405, 35872, 309, 988, 320, 64, 17037, 1511, 84673, 8, 1051, 38018, 2391, 872, 20209, 627, 57417, 11, 61257, 1051, 3970, 311, 24927, 8271, 4500, 323, 43080, 779, 430, 3674, 22639, 11, 6975, 323, 7865, 1051, 12207, 50160, 627, 31945, 7978, 617, 5938, 84673, 1005, 304, 7188, 311, 38281, 20326, 24673, 11, 2288, 13, 362, 220, 1049, 22, 3495, 2447, 32126, 71867, 48006, 24673, 35717, 449, 220, 20823, 2911, 6832, 27698, 529, 40335, 1047, 7191, 15055, 315, 2942, 5237, 93473, 61257, 13, 13596, 4007, 505, 430, 1060, 8710, 430, 27698, 889, 12439, 3221, 5151, 449, 1403, 1457, 1481, 7443, 61257, 11, 2663, 842, 437, 14643, 276, 323, 21945, 1073, 337, 11, 1051, 264, 63969, 4848, 3115, 810, 4461, 311, 617, 2911, 449, 38281, 20326, 24673, 627, 20175, 2191, 7969, 617, 1027, 7859, 304, 279, 3723, 4273, 11, 449, 279, 5219, 30608, 220, 966, 3346, 1990, 220, 679, 17, 323, 220, 679, 19, 7636, 13, 1115, 10205, 304, 38281, 5157, 706, 1027, 41857, 311, 61086, 304, 15439, 13186, 627, 2118, 8607, 2911, 430, 584, 1511, 311, 1650, 94391, 8552, 323, 1690, 810, 449, 3674, 57096, 527, 1457, 15324, 439, 1694, 389, 279, 38281, 20326, 2476, 2795, 65298, 78209, 11, 30661, 11, 264, 53166, 54595, 520, 66039, 3907, 13235, 5955, 627, 8607, 11909, 1781, 430, 12434, 70530, 1436, 387, 2500, 2944, 369, 279, 60487, 38281, 7969, 11, 449, 12074, 9455, 430, 17715, 832, 30277, 315, 279, 5376, 1436, 387, 11497, 555, 10223, 85488, 477, 6980, 1694, 29704, 520, 14992, 323, 14992, 17051, 627, 38195, 6227, 311, 8666, 701, 28378, 477, 77301, 5739, 1603, 4737, 904, 2890, 9650, 627, 2028, 4652, 374, 1903, 2561, 369, 4689, 11, 16924, 323, 16627, 10096, 1193, 13, 578, 18463, 13605, 36881, 656, 539, 14647, 8881, 1884, 315, 578, 30833, 22621, 320, 269, 1202, 19562, 288, 323, 32133, 570, 1472, 1288, 2744, 6056, 279, 9650, 315, 264, 16383, 18985, 6721, 13, 128001 ]

Thread: External laptop graphics adapter. Yup you read the title right. Found this pretty interesting and had no idea this was even possible. So you want better graphics for your laptop, It just so happens the make an adapter for that. No joke check out this kit you can buy, you can get this PCI Express 16X card slot for around $85 bucks, seems kinda pricey but some might like it for something. That is pretty cool. Only negative to it, really, is the fact that you have to use a PSU instead of a wall outlet. If it used a wall outlet (or at least offered that ability with like a 12v brick), it'd be all around awesome. ASUS has a cool device that will allow laptop users to use the latest and greatest videos cards just like PC user can. The case is about 4 inches high and is a little wider and longer than a graphics card with a control dial and a graphical display. Man that would of been something finding that toy, I'd have to say its pretty sweet how far the can push hardware like they do.

225

[ 128000, 6998, 25, 32036, 21288, 14515, 13253, 627, 56, 455, 499, 1373, 279, 2316, 1314, 13, 12595, 420, 5128, 7185, 323, 1047, 912, 4623, 420, 574, 1524, 3284, 627, 4516, 499, 1390, 2731, 14515, 369, 701, 21288, 11, 1102, 1120, 779, 8741, 279, 1304, 459, 13253, 369, 430, 13, 2360, 22380, 1817, 704, 420, 16530, 499, 649, 3780, 11, 499, 649, 636, 420, 28889, 17855, 220, 845, 55, 3786, 9633, 369, 2212, 400, 5313, 48434, 11, 5084, 34490, 79462, 719, 1063, 2643, 1093, 433, 369, 2555, 627, 4897, 374, 5128, 7155, 13, 8442, 8389, 311, 433, 11, 2216, 11, 374, 279, 2144, 430, 499, 617, 311, 1005, 264, 89093, 4619, 315, 264, 7147, 27487, 13, 1442, 433, 1511, 264, 7147, 27487, 320, 269, 520, 3325, 9076, 430, 5845, 449, 1093, 264, 220, 717, 85, 25878, 705, 433, 4265, 387, 682, 2212, 12738, 627, 1950, 2078, 706, 264, 7155, 3756, 430, 690, 2187, 21288, 3932, 311, 1005, 279, 5652, 323, 12474, 6946, 7563, 1120, 1093, 6812, 1217, 649, 13, 578, 1162, 374, 922, 220, 19, 15271, 1579, 323, 374, 264, 2697, 22622, 323, 5129, 1109, 264, 14515, 3786, 449, 264, 2585, 28960, 323, 264, 54243, 3113, 627, 1692, 430, 1053, 315, 1027, 2555, 9455, 430, 22068, 11, 358, 4265, 617, 311, 2019, 1202, 5128, 10437, 1268, 3117, 279, 649, 4585, 12035, 1093, 814, 656, 13, 128001 ]

Reading A-Z resources organized into weekly content-based units and differentiated instruction options. Save valuable instructional time by combining content-area and literacy instruction with these handpicked collections of leveled books. Each category is arranged into relevant topics that contain instructionally focused groups of books at a range of levels to aid students as they learn to read and read to learn. The Content Area Reading collections give teachers the resources for comprehensive literacy instruction across subjects. The collections contain both informational texts and literature about the topics to encourage learning about content through a variety of text types. By reading different text types on a variety of academic topics at a range of complexity, students are able to develop the fluency, comprehension, and vocabulary necessary to read and understand the concepts and content taught in today's classrooms. Our vast collection of resources provides opportunities for practicing skills expected on new standardized tests. Vocabulary A-Z offers more than 500 Common Core Academic Vocabulary words organized by grade level. Create customized Academic Vocabulary lessons to support your content area curriculum. You may unsubscribe at any time.

221

[ 128000, 32999, 362, 11419, 5070, 17057, 1139, 17496, 2262, 6108, 8316, 323, 89142, 7754, 2671, 627, 8960, 15525, 72345, 892, 555, 35271, 2262, 30122, 323, 53082, 7754, 449, 1521, 1450, 94599, 15661, 315, 83349, 6603, 13, 9062, 5699, 374, 28902, 1139, 9959, 13650, 430, 6782, 7754, 750, 10968, 5315, 315, 6603, 520, 264, 2134, 315, 5990, 311, 12576, 4236, 439, 814, 4048, 311, 1373, 323, 1373, 311, 4048, 627, 791, 9059, 12299, 18242, 15661, 3041, 13639, 279, 5070, 369, 16195, 53082, 7754, 4028, 15223, 627, 791, 15661, 6782, 2225, 47735, 22755, 323, 17649, 922, 279, 13650, 311, 15253, 6975, 922, 2262, 1555, 264, 8205, 315, 1495, 4595, 627, 1383, 5403, 2204, 1495, 4595, 389, 264, 8205, 315, 14584, 13650, 520, 264, 2134, 315, 23965, 11, 4236, 527, 3025, 311, 2274, 279, 20236, 2301, 11, 62194, 11, 323, 36018, 5995, 311, 1373, 323, 3619, 279, 19476, 323, 2262, 15972, 304, 3432, 596, 58216, 627, 8140, 13057, 4526, 315, 5070, 5825, 10708, 369, 36666, 7512, 3685, 389, 502, 51114, 7177, 627, 53, 44627, 362, 11419, 6209, 810, 1109, 220, 2636, 7874, 9708, 42170, 99272, 4339, 17057, 555, 12239, 2237, 627, 4110, 32789, 42170, 99272, 18872, 311, 1862, 701, 2262, 3158, 30676, 627, 2675, 1253, 45474, 520, 904, 892, 13, 128001 ]

According to reports recently organized by the American Physicists Organization Network, an international scientific research team has for the first time developed an organic semiconductor material with huge molecules. Its structural stability, excellent electrical properties, and low cost can be used to manufacture modern electronic devices. Widely used field effect transistors. Scientists said that the latest research is expected to make artificial skin, smart bandages, flexible displays, smart windshields, wearable electronic devices, and electronic wallpaper into reality. In the current consumer market, electronic products are very expensive, mainly because electronic products such as televisions, computers, and mobile phones are all made of silicon, and the manufacturing cost is high; and carbon-based (plastic) organic electronic products are not only convenient and inexpensive to manufacture. , And light, flexible and flexible, represents the future trend of "electronic devices everywhere." Previous studies have shown that the larger the carbon structure, the better its performance. But scientists have not developed effective methods to produce larger, stable, soluble carbon structures for research until this time the Zucesko team developed this new organic semiconductor material for transistor fabrication. . Organic semiconductors are plastic materials that have special structures that make them electrically conductive. In modern electronic devices, circuits use transistors to control the current between different regions. Scientists conducted research on new organic semiconductor materials and explored the relationship between their structural and electrical properties.

289

[ 128000, 11439, 311, 6821, 6051, 17057, 555, 279, 3778, 13101, 292, 1705, 21021, 8304, 11, 459, 6625, 12624, 3495, 2128, 706, 369, 279, 1176, 892, 8040, 459, 17808, 87836, 3769, 449, 6908, 35715, 13, 11699, 24693, 20334, 11, 9250, 20314, 6012, 11, 323, 3428, 2853, 649, 387, 1511, 311, 30847, 6617, 14683, 7766, 13, 48740, 989, 1511, 2115, 2515, 1380, 380, 1105, 627, 72326, 1071, 430, 279, 5652, 3495, 374, 3685, 311, 1304, 21075, 6930, 11, 7941, 7200, 1154, 11, 19303, 19207, 11, 7941, 10160, 939, 7052, 11, 78348, 14683, 7766, 11, 323, 14683, 44686, 1139, 8903, 627, 644, 279, 1510, 11761, 3157, 11, 14683, 3956, 527, 1633, 11646, 11, 14918, 1606, 14683, 3956, 1778, 439, 8122, 41115, 11, 19002, 11, 323, 6505, 18084, 527, 682, 1903, 315, 51692, 11, 323, 279, 15266, 2853, 374, 1579, 26, 323, 12782, 6108, 320, 501, 5174, 8, 17808, 14683, 3956, 527, 539, 1193, 17125, 323, 44252, 311, 30847, 13, 1174, 1628, 3177, 11, 19303, 323, 19303, 11, 11105, 279, 3938, 9327, 315, 330, 19493, 8535, 7766, 17277, 10246, 21994, 7978, 617, 6982, 430, 279, 8294, 279, 12782, 6070, 11, 279, 2731, 1202, 5178, 13, 2030, 14248, 617, 539, 8040, 7524, 5528, 311, 8356, 8294, 11, 15528, 11, 88045, 12782, 14726, 369, 3495, 3156, 420, 892, 279, 61182, 1634, 9509, 2128, 8040, 420, 502, 17808, 87836, 3769, 369, 99041, 59251, 13, 16853, 24105, 292, 5347, 1965, 1076, 1105, 527, 12466, 7384, 430, 617, 3361, 14726, 430, 1304, 1124, 9249, 750, 6929, 535, 13, 763, 6617, 14683, 7766, 11, 46121, 1005, 1380, 380, 1105, 311, 2585, 279, 1510, 1990, 2204, 13918, 13, 57116, 13375, 3495, 389, 502, 17808, 87836, 7384, 323, 36131, 279, 5133, 1990, 872, 24693, 323, 20314, 6012, 13, 128001 ]

The words overdo, overdue sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Why do overdo, overdue sound the same even though they are completely different words? The answer is simple: overdo, overdue are homophones of the English language. To do, use, or stress to excess; carry (something) too far. To wear out the strength of; overtax. Being unpaid when due. Coming or arriving after the scheduled or expected time: synonym: tardy. Expected or required but not yet having come about. Delayed or with-held beyond the usual or assigned time: as, an overdue ship. Definitions from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition., from The Century Dictionary. and Wordnik. Homophones (literally "same sound") are usually defined as words that share the same pronunciation, regardless of how they are spelled.

209

[ 128000, 791, 4339, 927, 3055, 11, 73626, 5222, 279, 1890, 719, 617, 2204, 50800, 323, 13141, 826, 13, 8595, 656, 927, 3055, 11, 73626, 5222, 279, 1890, 1524, 3582, 814, 527, 6724, 2204, 4339, 5380, 791, 4320, 374, 4382, 25, 927, 3055, 11, 73626, 527, 5105, 5237, 3233, 315, 279, 6498, 4221, 627, 1271, 656, 11, 1005, 11, 477, 8631, 311, 13937, 26, 6920, 320, 34431, 8, 2288, 3117, 627, 1271, 10051, 704, 279, 8333, 315, 26, 927, 18081, 627, 34242, 55184, 994, 4245, 627, 57789, 477, 33111, 1306, 279, 13847, 477, 3685, 892, 25, 366, 72, 29, 20960, 7987, 524, 72, 27916, 366, 4620, 29, 62197, 88, 524, 4620, 30916, 19430, 477, 2631, 719, 539, 3686, 3515, 2586, 922, 627, 58461, 477, 449, 58606, 7953, 279, 13783, 477, 12893, 892, 25, 439, 11, 459, 366, 336, 29, 2017, 24567, 524, 336, 29, 8448, 627, 51642, 505, 578, 3778, 34243, 12175, 10685, 315, 279, 6498, 11688, 11, 220, 20, 339, 14398, 2637, 505, 578, 28200, 10685, 13, 323, 9506, 22212, 627, 50742, 5237, 3233, 320, 69191, 750, 330, 25030, 5222, 909, 527, 6118, 4613, 439, 4339, 430, 4430, 279, 1890, 71722, 11, 15851, 315, 1268, 814, 527, 68918, 13, 128001 ]

Attending spiritual retreats can prove itself quite of a healing experience. Besides being appropriate locations for contemplation and prayers, churches and monasteries have unexpected powers on people’s souls. For many, similar establishments are an escape for their daily lives, but also an affordable accommodation option that allows them to enjoy the unexpected beauties of the neighbouring areas. People today sometimes feel lost and spiritually uncertain and thinking of the divine is a frightening experience for many. However, several days spent in a spiritual retreat can prove miraculous healers for them. Below is a record of some of the most recognised establishments of this type around the world you will certainly like. Ampleforth, Yorkshire Ampleforth, Yorkshire is a Benedictine monastery with a long history in schooling and as a spiritual retreat. From the monastery’s retreat schedule, you will be able to enjoy breach prayers and relaxing walks. The goal of the abbey is helping visitors find their way back to their spiritual priorities and disconnecting from their mundane lives. The retreat also prides itself on offering the attendants the possibility to choose the way in which they want to rediscover God: through prayers or through an enclosure with nature. The abbey offers visitors the option to remain overnight on the premises. It also features a programme for young people. The location is stunning and an increasing number of young people come to enjoy the views, but also to rediscover the Lord. An entertaining and unexpected way to study the Bible on the abbey’s premises is the In Vino Veritas Program, which mixes Bible Studies with wine tastings. Those choosing to stay here through their journey will be able to enjoy full-meal courses, cooked by the monks and nuns here, which are all vegetarian. Each part of the abbey has custom church signs at the entrance. You can always find out more information about the establishment’s past by reading those. St Anthony’s Guest House, Assisi The house is run by several New-York Franciscan nuns and is one of the most notorious spiritual retreats in Italy. The settlement has exclusively 5-star reviews on Trip Advisor, but more importantly, it offers visitors the opportunity to find their way to holier matters. The Guest House is located in the breath-taking city of Assisi and offers visitors the opportunity to reconnect with the Lord through nature and prayers. For those in need of more tranquillity, you must know that the premises of the Guest House are incredibly quiet and offer visitors the opportunity of introspection. The nuns here speak perfect English, making it easier for all foreign visitors to communicate with them. The facility offers full meals and most of the rooms have terraces with breath-taking views. Villa Palazzola, near Rome The premises of this Villa are described as one of Rome’s best-kept secrets. The former palace now hosts a Catholic English college. The villa also hosted in the past a Franciscan church, so it has all the premises of offering visitors an incredibly tranquil experience. The villa is beautifully located on the lake Albano, conveniently placed at the bottom of the Alban Hills, 18 miles from the centre of Rome. The Villa organises retreats throughout the year, offering people the opportunity to discover the Bible in an incredibly beautiful settlement. The accommodation prices that you will find here are very reasonable and the retreats offer plenty of relaxation and introspection opportunities. A pool is also available for all visitors that want to escape the summer heat of Rome. The protected forests and walking trails surrounding the villa are the perfect occasions to forget your daily worries and focus on religion and rediscovering God. Mount Athos, Greece Although only men can enjoy the beauty and silence of the Mount, the four days which you can usually spend here will offer you more spiritual benefits than you anticipate. Nobody can spend more than four days on one of the 20 monasteries on Mount Athos, and the stay is usually spent in complete silence. Also, the available meals are only two per day. However, you can wash down your two daily meals with some impressively prepared wine from the monastery. This isn’t as comfortable as other suggestions on the list, but staying here for four days will allow you to rediscover the Lord in its many shapes and forms, by bonding more meaningful relationships with your fellows and nature. Cavtat Monastery, near Dubrovnik, Croatia The captivating Dubrovnik is notorious for the Cavtat Monastery. The 14th century Franciscan monastery hosts today an authentic spiritual retreat. Visitors can stay in one of the rooms available. The church is built in the Gothic-Renaissance architecture and has a turbulent history. During the 17th century, the monastery was destroyed and rebuilt from the ground, just to see itself robbed by the Russian armies in 1806. The retreat now hosts an impressive number of works of art in the main altar and the establishment itself is listed as one of Croatia’s most important monuments. All guests are welcome to enjoy monk’s services. Throughout the year, visitors can rediscover what religion and a deeper connection with God mean on the grounds of this Monastery. Some travel agencies feature attractive packages for those who want to visit the Monastery and enjoy several days in the retreat. The packages usually start at $ 450 and include accommodation, flights and transfers. Hotel Jeneralka, Prague The Jeneralka Hotel in Prague is run by the Baptist Church. Since the 18th century, in the hotel runs an International Theological Centre and a hotel, ready to host those interested in spending several nights in this beautiful retreat. You can stay in one of the 60 rooms available, some of those being apartments suitable for families. These apartments are beautifully equipped with kitchens, for a more comfortable stay. These are some of the best spiritual retreats from around the world. Regardless of your religious beliefs, you will find your inner peace regardless of your go-to option. Book in advance and enjoy several days in a deeper connection with yourself and nature.

1,369

[ 128000, 10673, 2518, 18330, 31114, 82, 649, 12391, 198, 275, 726, 5115, 315, 264, 21730, 3217, 13, 31909, 1694, 8475, 10687, 369, 198, 778, 26980, 367, 323, 34296, 11, 31012, 323, 1647, 2352, 552, 617, 16907, 13736, 389, 198, 16455, 753, 35826, 13, 1789, 1690, 11, 4528, 63337, 527, 459, 12731, 369, 872, 7446, 198, 75, 1924, 11, 719, 1101, 459, 17049, 28377, 3072, 430, 6276, 1124, 311, 4774, 198, 1820, 16907, 5017, 552, 315, 279, 62027, 5789, 13, 9029, 3432, 7170, 2733, 198, 55437, 323, 88853, 36218, 323, 7422, 315, 279, 30467, 374, 264, 54739, 198, 50659, 369, 1690, 13, 4452, 11, 3892, 2919, 7543, 304, 264, 18330, 31114, 649, 198, 35563, 91813, 27661, 388, 369, 1124, 13, 21883, 374, 264, 3335, 315, 1063, 315, 279, 1455, 198, 34551, 4147, 63337, 315, 420, 955, 2212, 279, 1917, 499, 690, 7995, 198, 4908, 627, 6219, 698, 71627, 11, 51327, 198, 6219, 698, 71627, 345, 100077, 15255, 374, 264, 62245, 483, 85861, 449, 264, 1317, 3925, 304, 68721, 323, 198, 300, 264, 18330, 31114, 13, 5659, 279, 85861, 753, 31114, 9899, 11, 499, 690, 387, 3025, 198, 998, 4774, 31471, 34296, 323, 34948, 23291, 13, 578, 5915, 315, 279, 30195, 1216, 374, 10695, 198, 2749, 12170, 1505, 872, 1648, 1203, 311, 872, 18330, 30601, 323, 30069, 287, 198, 1527, 872, 69782, 6439, 13, 578, 31114, 1101, 550, 3422, 5196, 389, 10209, 279, 198, 1617, 29410, 279, 13336, 311, 5268, 279, 1648, 304, 902, 814, 1390, 311, 21540, 3773, 198, 28622, 25, 1555, 34296, 477, 1555, 459, 58912, 449, 7138, 13, 578, 30195, 1216, 6209, 198, 2749, 12170, 279, 3072, 311, 7293, 25402, 389, 279, 35022, 13, 1102, 1101, 4519, 264, 198, 15252, 2727, 369, 3995, 1274, 13, 578, 3813, 374, 20441, 323, 459, 7859, 1396, 198, 1073, 3995, 1274, 2586, 311, 4774, 279, 6325, 11, 719, 1101, 311, 21540, 3773, 279, 10425, 627, 2127, 30311, 323, 16907, 1648, 311, 4007, 198, 1820, 17377, 389, 279, 30195, 1216, 753, 35022, 374, 279, 763, 650, 3394, 6383, 21920, 6826, 11, 902, 63526, 17377, 19241, 449, 13378, 198, 83, 561, 826, 13, 13266, 19301, 311, 4822, 1618, 1555, 872, 11879, 690, 387, 3025, 311, 198, 268, 4215, 2539, 35073, 278, 14307, 11, 30205, 555, 279, 66477, 323, 308, 11099, 1618, 11, 902, 527, 682, 198, 83571, 8997, 627, 4959, 961, 315, 279, 30195, 1216, 706, 2587, 8993, 12195, 520, 279, 198, 24677, 685, 13, 1472, 649, 2744, 1505, 704, 810, 2038, 922, 279, 21967, 753, 198, 53520, 555, 5403, 1884, 627, 626, 21353, 753, 27307, 4783, 11, 2755, 13532, 198, 791, 198, 7830, 374, 1629, 555, 3892, 1561, 30237, 672, 9893, 3510, 276, 308, 11099, 323, 374, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 198, 1962, 22766, 18330, 31114, 82, 304, 15704, 13, 578, 17516, 706, 24121, 220, 20, 21337, 198, 40575, 389, 27852, 54432, 11, 719, 810, 23659, 11, 433, 6209, 15613, 279, 198, 454, 68164, 311, 1505, 872, 1648, 311, 24429, 1291, 13146, 13, 578, 27307, 4783, 374, 7559, 304, 198, 1820, 11745, 80671, 3363, 315, 2755, 13532, 323, 6209, 15613, 279, 6776, 311, 198, 265, 6595, 449, 279, 10425, 1555, 7138, 323, 34296, 13, 1789, 1884, 304, 1205, 315, 810, 198, 44469, 447, 484, 488, 11, 499, 2011, 1440, 430, 279, 35022, 315, 279, 27307, 4783, 527, 17235, 198, 44750, 323, 3085, 15613, 279, 6776, 315, 26609, 16463, 13, 578, 308, 11099, 1618, 6604, 198, 64185, 6498, 11, 3339, 433, 8831, 369, 682, 7362, 15613, 311, 19570, 449, 198, 49818, 13, 578, 12764, 6209, 2539, 21644, 323, 1455, 315, 279, 12295, 617, 7317, 2492, 449, 198, 21152, 589, 80671, 6325, 627, 53, 6374, 11165, 10002, 8083, 11, 3221, 22463, 198, 791, 198, 1762, 76, 5014, 315, 420, 37912, 527, 7633, 439, 832, 315, 22463, 753, 1888, 12, 99020, 24511, 627, 791, 4846, 44439, 1457, 18939, 264, 16879, 6498, 7926, 13, 578, 47625, 1101, 21685, 198, 258, 279, 3347, 264, 9893, 3510, 276, 8993, 11, 779, 433, 706, 682, 279, 35022, 315, 10209, 198, 2749, 12170, 459, 17235, 68040, 3217, 13, 578, 47625, 374, 32719, 7559, 389, 198, 1820, 22553, 32672, 5770, 11, 49170, 9277, 520, 279, 5740, 315, 279, 57991, 25964, 11, 220, 972, 8931, 198, 1527, 279, 12541, 315, 22463, 13, 578, 37912, 2942, 5014, 31114, 82, 6957, 279, 1060, 345, 1885, 4776, 1274, 279, 6776, 311, 7142, 279, 17377, 304, 459, 17235, 198, 88044, 17516, 13, 578, 28377, 7729, 430, 499, 690, 1505, 1618, 527, 1633, 198, 47792, 323, 279, 31114, 82, 3085, 11510, 315, 43685, 323, 26609, 16463, 198, 454, 403, 6165, 13, 362, 7463, 374, 1101, 2561, 369, 682, 15613, 430, 1390, 311, 12731, 198, 1820, 7474, 8798, 315, 22463, 13, 578, 2682, 36658, 323, 11689, 33965, 14932, 198, 1820, 47625, 527, 279, 4832, 25975, 311, 10894, 701, 7446, 38145, 323, 5357, 389, 198, 3833, 32718, 323, 21540, 93013, 4359, 627, 16683, 20277, 437, 11, 25431, 198, 16179, 1193, 3026, 649, 4774, 279, 13444, 323, 198, 35904, 768, 315, 279, 10640, 11, 279, 3116, 2919, 902, 499, 649, 6118, 8493, 1618, 690, 3085, 198, 9514, 810, 18330, 7720, 1109, 499, 48248, 13, 37558, 649, 8493, 810, 1109, 198, 35124, 2919, 389, 832, 315, 279, 220, 508, 198, 1677, 2352, 552, 389, 10640, 20277, 437, 11, 323, 279, 4822, 374, 6118, 7543, 304, 4686, 198, 35904, 768, 13, 7429, 11, 279, 2561, 21644, 527, 1193, 1403, 824, 1938, 13, 4452, 11, 499, 649, 11623, 198, 2996, 701, 1403, 7446, 21644, 449, 1063, 10098, 3210, 10235, 13378, 505, 279, 85861, 627, 2028, 4536, 1431, 439, 10882, 439, 1023, 18726, 389, 279, 1160, 11, 719, 19994, 1618, 198, 2000, 3116, 2919, 690, 2187, 499, 311, 21540, 3773, 279, 10425, 304, 1202, 1690, 21483, 323, 198, 10008, 11, 555, 64186, 810, 23222, 12135, 449, 701, 87819, 323, 7138, 627, 34, 402, 68238, 3206, 54671, 11, 3221, 17533, 40494, 22212, 11, 58311, 198, 791, 86282, 17533, 40494, 22212, 198, 285, 44081, 369, 279, 52166, 68238, 3206, 54671, 13, 578, 220, 975, 339, 9478, 198, 81428, 3510, 276, 85861, 18939, 3432, 459, 13513, 18330, 31114, 13, 69940, 649, 198, 60021, 304, 832, 315, 279, 12295, 2561, 13, 578, 8993, 374, 5918, 304, 279, 198, 38, 8942, 292, 11151, 7304, 24918, 18112, 323, 706, 264, 83321, 3925, 13, 12220, 279, 220, 1114, 339, 198, 1189, 3431, 11, 279, 85861, 574, 14763, 323, 60685, 505, 279, 5015, 11, 1120, 311, 1518, 198, 275, 726, 63354, 555, 279, 8690, 47983, 304, 220, 5245, 21, 13, 578, 31114, 1457, 18939, 459, 198, 318, 69563, 1396, 315, 4375, 315, 1989, 304, 279, 1925, 51943, 323, 279, 21967, 198, 275, 726, 374, 10212, 439, 832, 315, 58311, 753, 1455, 3062, 63003, 13, 2052, 15051, 527, 198, 35184, 311, 4774, 63772, 753, 3600, 13, 46982, 279, 1060, 11, 15613, 649, 21540, 3773, 198, 12840, 13901, 323, 264, 19662, 3717, 449, 4359, 3152, 389, 279, 21319, 315, 420, 198, 11342, 54671, 13, 4427, 5944, 13607, 4668, 19411, 14519, 369, 1884, 889, 1390, 198, 998, 4034, 279, 3206, 54671, 323, 4774, 3892, 2919, 304, 279, 31114, 13, 578, 14519, 198, 44066, 1212, 520, 400, 220, 10617, 323, 2997, 28377, 11, 25952, 323, 31711, 627, 46674, 622, 804, 1727, 64, 11, 68389, 198, 791, 198, 41, 804, 1727, 64, 14894, 304, 68389, 374, 1629, 555, 279, 43748, 9441, 13, 8876, 279, 220, 972, 339, 198, 1189, 3431, 11, 304, 279, 9689, 8640, 459, 7327, 578, 5848, 14821, 323, 264, 9689, 345, 2359, 311, 3552, 1884, 8173, 304, 10374, 3892, 22178, 304, 420, 6366, 198, 2171, 1244, 13, 1472, 649, 4822, 304, 832, 315, 279, 220, 1399, 12295, 2561, 11, 1063, 315, 1884, 1694, 198, 391, 472, 1392, 14791, 369, 8689, 13, 4314, 32729, 527, 32719, 19167, 198, 4291, 66438, 11, 369, 264, 810, 10882, 4822, 627, 9673, 527, 1063, 315, 279, 1888, 18330, 198, 2171, 1244, 82, 505, 2212, 279, 1917, 13, 44840, 315, 701, 10597, 21463, 11, 499, 690, 1505, 198, 22479, 9358, 9096, 15851, 315, 701, 733, 4791, 3072, 13, 6017, 304, 12178, 323, 4774, 198, 325, 17998, 2919, 304, 264, 19662, 3717, 449, 6261, 323, 7138, 13, 128001 ]

This paper assesses the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and willingness-to-pay for health insurance using occupational solidarity. It also explores the views of relevant actors on occupational solidarity-based health insurance. Based on multiple regression analysis and experimental design, the combined results of the experiments indicate that the educational intervention has improved the knowledge and willingness to pay for health insurance among informal sector workers in Bangladesh.

81

[ 128000, 2028, 5684, 8720, 288, 279, 5536, 315, 16627, 21623, 389, 6677, 11, 19451, 323, 39375, 4791, 71188, 369, 2890, 8276, 1701, 65195, 44254, 13, 1102, 1101, 41424, 279, 6325, 315, 9959, 20142, 389, 65195, 44254, 6108, 2890, 8276, 13, 20817, 389, 5361, 31649, 6492, 323, 22772, 2955, 11, 279, 11093, 3135, 315, 279, 21896, 13519, 430, 279, 16627, 21623, 706, 13241, 279, 6677, 323, 39375, 311, 2343, 369, 2890, 8276, 4315, 42887, 10706, 7487, 304, 39601, 627, 128001 ]

Faster! Faster! Fox! Today my webbrowsing with Firefox just got a little bit better since I stumbled upon the FasterFox extension. I have been reading here and there about tweaking the network configuration (hint: type about:config in the address bar) to get better network mileage when browsing but FasterFox brought everything under one roof. It provides 4 preset configurations ranging fromÂ default(non-optimized) to turbo-charged (increased webserver load) and an option to customize the settings to your liking.

110

[ 128000, 37, 2352, 0, 85586, 0, 13585, 4999, 15724, 856, 3566, 65, 87366, 449, 27018, 1120, 2751, 264, 2697, 2766, 2731, 2533, 358, 50157, 5304, 279, 85586, 48414, 9070, 13, 358, 617, 1027, 5403, 1618, 323, 1070, 922, 89347, 279, 4009, 6683, 320, 47225, 25, 955, 922, 25, 1710, 304, 279, 2686, 3703, 8, 311, 636, 2731, 4009, 50952, 994, 32421, 719, 85586, 48414, 7263, 4395, 1234, 832, 15485, 13, 1102, 5825, 220, 19, 44021, 33483, 24950, 505, 33895, 1670, 30291, 12, 99968, 8, 311, 48127, 11843, 93349, 320, 43842, 1503, 3566, 4120, 2865, 8, 323, 459, 3072, 311, 32187, 279, 5110, 311, 701, 49837, 627, 128001 ]

Chrysin: A New T-Booster? How can I develop bigger traps so that they pop out when I do a crab pose? In the May ’96 issue of Muscle Media 2000, the late Dan Duchaine, known as the “steroid guru,” discussed a substance that he dubbed “Flavone-X.” Duchaine claimed that Flavone-X, which was a natural flavone existing in plants, could boost testosterone an average of 20 to 30 percent. It turned out that Flavone-X was actually an esoteric substance called chrysin. A study had been published that compared the activity of a number of natural flavonoids and flavones to the drug Cydadren in their ability to inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which works by converting androgens, including testosterone, into estrogen. Blocking the effect of aromatase would not only lower estrogen levels but also boost testosterone. Elevated estrogen in the blood sends an inhibitory message to the pituitary gland in the brain, which responds by lowering the output of gonadatropins, hormones that stimulate the body’s testosterone production. In one study, in which chrysin was given to mice, the mice not only had no changes in testosterone but also gained significant amounts of bodyfat. That unexpected side effect was attributed to the fact that flavones and flavonoids often have an inhibitory effect on the production of thyroid hormones, which would slow the resting metabolic rate. As a consequence, the chrysin-eating mice got fat but gained no muscle. Further studies showed that, as with most flavonoids and other flavones, it’s hard for the body to absorb chrysin. In most cases it merely passes through the body and is excreted without exerting any biological activity. In a 2003 study researchers gave extracts of honey and propolis, both rich in chrysin, to 20 healthy males, aged 25 to 30 for 21 days.1 None of the men showed any changes in testosterone or estrogen. The study was criticized because of the low dose of chrysin used. In other animal studies, however, chrysin seemed to lower animals’ anxiety levels. The most recent animal study divided rats into two groups.2 One group got corn oil, while the other group got 50 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight of chrysin. An important point was that both the corn oil placebo and the chrysin were provided by gavage, which means that they were delivered directly to the gut through a feeding tube. That technique may have overridden any usual interference with chrysin uptake into the body. The results showed that the rats given chrysin had favorable changes in antioxidant activity and sperm movement and shape, which pointed to increased fertility. The rats on chrysin also had significantly higher testosterone than the controls. One obvious problem with this study is the method of administration, gavage. I doubt that even the most enthusiastic bodybuilder would ever resort to inserting a tube directly into his gut to deliver chrysin. Even so, we get a clearer picture of just how effective chrysin is courtesy of two studies that involved human subjects—and athletes to boot. They were presented at the 2011 American College of Sports Medicine meeting. The first study examined the effects of chrysin on body composition, muscle strength and exercise performance. Twenty throwing athletes (I would guess that means they participated in events such as shot put, javelin, hammer throw and discus), 14 men and six women, were randomly assigned to either a control group or a chrysin group. Those in the chrysin group got three grams of chrysin a day for 21 days, while the control subjects got a placebo for the same amount of time. The authors tested the athletes for body comp, muscle strength and exercise performance on days one, eight and 22. The results showed no differences between the groups. The same researchers used the same subjects and study design to directly measure the effects of chrysin on blood and urinary levels of testosterone. Again, the subjects got three grams of either a placebo or chrysin for 21 days. This study replicated the results of the previous study, in that the researchers noted no changes in testosterone in any of the athletes who took chrysin. It’s clear that chrysin seems to work better in a test tube than it does in the human body. The reason for that is likely the difficulty in absorbing chrysin into the body. Some have suggested a few ways around that formidable barrier. One suggestion is to offer chrysin in a topical cream. Considering that gavage delivery did seem to boost uptake in rats, the topical technique may have some merit. As far as I know, however, there is no existing study that has tested the effectiveness of a topical chrysin supplement. Another suggested way to improve chrysin uptake is to combine it with piperine, an extract of pepper that appears to increase the absorption of various hard-to-absorb nutrients, including curcumin and coenzyme Q10. How piperine does that isn’t clear, but it may relate to a localized irritation effect in the intestines that makes the cells lining them more permeable than usual. Whether these methods would actually make chrysin more effective as a supplement awaits further study. About 10 years ago one of the most popular bodybuilding supplements was known as “ZMA.” The acronym stood for zinc-magnesium-aspartate, and the supplements also included vitamin B6, which acts as a coenzyme in mineral metabolism. ZMA was touted as being effective at boosting anabolic hormones, particularly testosterone and insulinlike growth factor 1. Indeed, in a study published in 2000, giving ZMA to a group of football players did result in significant boosts in testosterone and IGF-1. Later studies, however, did not replicate those findings. Most of the studies involved athletes who weren’t deficient in any of the nutrients contained in ZMA, so it makes sense that they wouldn’t experience any improvements after using the supplement. But the truth is that many athletes who don’t use food supplements may well be low in either zinc or magnesium, and in some cases, both. Magnesium exists naturally in foods often avoided by active athletes who fear weight gain, including nuts and vegetables. Since magnesium is vital for protein and fat metabolism, as well as energy production, however, not getting enough can eventually manifest itself as lack of recovery and muscle gains, as well as energy deficits. Recent studies show that magnesium does appear to have an effect on testosterone and IGF-1. For example, in a study of 399 older men, age range 65 to 92, the men’s magnesium levels showed a clear relationship to their levels of both testosterone and IGF-1.3 The authors even suggest that a lack of magnesium, because of its relationship to anabolic hormones, may play a role in the onset of both increased body inflammation and loss of muscle mass with age. The researchers speculate that magnesium has antioxidant effects that block the premature destruction of anabolic hormones, including testosterone. They note that other studies have shown that magnesium increased various marks of exercise performance, including grip strength and overall muscle strength. What about younger people: Does magnesium affect their testosterone levels? Another study examined the effects of a month of magnesium supplementation on the testosterone of athletes practicing tae kwon do and sedentary controls.4 The subjects’ testosterone was measured before using magnesium, after training to exhaustion without magnesium, at rest after using magnesium and after training to exhaustion with magnesium. The subjects were divided into three groups; group one was sedentary but took 10 milligrams of magnesium per kilogram of bodyweight, while the group two, the tae kwon do athletes, trained 90 to 120 minutes a day, also taking 10 milligrams of magnesium per kilogram of bodyweight. The last group consisted of tae kwon do athletes who didn’t get any magnesium. The results showed higher levels of free testosterone in both the sedentary and exercising groups who got the magnesium supplements, but increases were highest in those who exercised and also supplemented magnesium. Since magnesium is excreted during fat-burning processes, is required for complete protein utilization and also is depleted by high-stress conditions, it would be prudent for all bodybuilders to ensure that they get adequate amounts of the mineral. How much is needed depends on bodyweight and activity levels, but the suggested range is 500 to 900 milligrams a day. Don’t take more than 300 milligrams at a time, however, unless you enjoy having a raging case of diarrhea. 1 Gambelunghe, C.,et al. (2003). Effects of chrysin on urinary testosterone levels in human males. J Med Food. 6:387-390. 2 Ciftci, O., et al. (2011). Beneficial effects of chrysin on the reproductive system of adult male rats. Andrologia. Published online March 7. 3 Maggio, M., et al. (2011). Magnesium and anabolic hormones in older men. Int J Androl. 34:e594–e600.

1,914

[ 128000, 1163, 894, 16319, 25, 362, 1561, 350, 12, 1255, 11975, 5380, 4438, 649, 358, 2274, 11493, 45660, 779, 430, 814, 2477, 704, 994, 358, 656, 264, 60512, 17477, 5380, 644, 279, 3297, 18217, 4161, 4360, 315, 68427, 7972, 220, 1049, 15, 11, 279, 3389, 11824, 61122, 8511, 11, 3967, 439, 279, 1054, 3751, 590, 60526, 2476, 14407, 264, 20278, 430, 568, 42160, 1054, 3968, 402, 606, 31650, 2029, 61122, 8511, 11922, 430, 3061, 402, 606, 31650, 11, 902, 574, 264, 5933, 18779, 606, 6484, 304, 11012, 11, 1436, 7916, 40032, 459, 5578, 315, 220, 508, 311, 220, 966, 3346, 13, 1102, 6656, 704, 430, 3061, 402, 606, 31650, 574, 3604, 459, 1560, 83775, 20278, 2663, 523, 894, 16319, 13, 362, 4007, 1047, 1027, 4756, 430, 7863, 279, 5820, 315, 264, 1396, 315, 5933, 18779, 263, 17390, 323, 18779, 3233, 311, 279, 5623, 18221, 56944, 1466, 304, 872, 5845, 311, 69033, 279, 49242, 32369, 266, 521, 11, 902, 4375, 555, 34537, 323, 12184, 729, 11, 2737, 40032, 11, 1139, 70180, 13, 83045, 279, 2515, 315, 32369, 266, 521, 1053, 539, 1193, 4827, 70180, 5990, 719, 1101, 7916, 40032, 13, 97693, 70180, 304, 279, 6680, 22014, 459, 20747, 10843, 1984, 311, 279, 20428, 3159, 661, 67169, 304, 279, 8271, 11, 902, 31680, 555, 46301, 279, 2612, 315, 64592, 329, 266, 897, 1354, 11, 44315, 430, 51077, 279, 2547, 753, 40032, 5788, 627, 644, 832, 4007, 11, 304, 902, 523, 894, 16319, 574, 2728, 311, 24548, 11, 279, 24548, 539, 1193, 1047, 912, 4442, 304, 40032, 719, 1101, 18661, 5199, 15055, 315, 2547, 45283, 13, 3011, 16907, 3185, 2515, 574, 30706, 311, 279, 2144, 430, 18779, 3233, 323, 18779, 263, 17390, 3629, 617, 459, 20747, 10843, 2515, 389, 279, 5788, 315, 54060, 44315, 11, 902, 1053, 6435, 279, 41219, 41861, 4478, 13, 1666, 264, 29774, 11, 279, 523, 894, 16319, 5773, 1113, 24548, 2751, 8834, 719, 18661, 912, 16124, 627, 31428, 7978, 8710, 430, 11, 439, 449, 1455, 18779, 263, 17390, 323, 1023, 18779, 3233, 11, 433, 753, 2653, 369, 279, 2547, 311, 35406, 523, 894, 16319, 13, 763, 1455, 5157, 433, 16632, 16609, 1555, 279, 2547, 323, 374, 506, 4523, 291, 2085, 43844, 287, 904, 24156, 5820, 13, 763, 264, 220, 1049, 18, 4007, 12074, 6688, 49062, 315, 26828, 323, 2047, 69858, 11, 2225, 9257, 304, 523, 894, 16319, 11, 311, 220, 508, 9498, 25000, 11, 20330, 220, 914, 311, 220, 966, 369, 220, 1691, 2919, 13, 16, 2290, 315, 279, 3026, 8710, 904, 4442, 304, 40032, 477, 70180, 13, 578, 4007, 574, 32614, 1606, 315, 279, 3428, 19660, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 1511, 13, 763, 1023, 10065, 7978, 11, 4869, 11, 523, 894, 16319, 9508, 311, 4827, 10099, 529, 18547, 5990, 627, 791, 1455, 3293, 10065, 4007, 18255, 32510, 1139, 1403, 5315, 13, 17, 3861, 1912, 2751, 14095, 5707, 11, 1418, 279, 1023, 1912, 2751, 220, 1135, 2606, 84209, 824, 15395, 13255, 315, 2547, 4870, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 13, 1556, 3062, 1486, 574, 430, 2225, 279, 14095, 5707, 43715, 323, 279, 523, 894, 16319, 1051, 3984, 555, 342, 68256, 11, 902, 3445, 430, 814, 1051, 12886, 6089, 311, 279, 18340, 1555, 264, 26040, 14019, 13, 3011, 15105, 1253, 617, 52556, 904, 13783, 32317, 449, 523, 894, 16319, 69575, 1139, 279, 2547, 13, 578, 3135, 8710, 430, 279, 32510, 2728, 523, 894, 16319, 1047, 37849, 4442, 304, 70339, 5820, 323, 40699, 7351, 323, 6211, 11, 902, 14618, 311, 7319, 48111, 13, 578, 32510, 389, 523, 894, 16319, 1101, 1047, 12207, 5190, 40032, 1109, 279, 11835, 13, 3861, 8196, 3575, 449, 420, 4007, 374, 279, 1749, 315, 8735, 11, 342, 68256, 13, 358, 10712, 430, 1524, 279, 1455, 42702, 2547, 18331, 1053, 3596, 22541, 311, 39398, 264, 14019, 6089, 1139, 813, 18340, 311, 6493, 523, 894, 16319, 627, 13461, 779, 11, 584, 636, 264, 49479, 6945, 315, 1120, 1268, 7524, 523, 894, 16319, 374, 27104, 315, 1403, 7978, 430, 6532, 3823, 15223, 17223, 23579, 311, 10677, 13, 2435, 1051, 10666, 520, 279, 220, 679, 16, 3778, 9304, 315, 13482, 19152, 6574, 13, 578, 1176, 4007, 25078, 279, 6372, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 389, 2547, 18528, 11, 16124, 8333, 323, 10368, 5178, 13, 44956, 21939, 23579, 320, 40, 1053, 8101, 430, 3445, 814, 31408, 304, 4455, 1778, 439, 6689, 2231, 11, 1281, 33830, 11, 24354, 2571, 323, 2624, 355, 705, 220, 975, 3026, 323, 4848, 3278, 11, 1051, 27716, 12893, 311, 3060, 264, 2585, 1912, 477, 264, 523, 894, 16319, 1912, 13, 13266, 304, 279, 523, 894, 16319, 1912, 2751, 2380, 34419, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 264, 1938, 369, 220, 1691, 2919, 11, 1418, 279, 2585, 15223, 2751, 264, 43715, 369, 279, 1890, 3392, 315, 892, 13, 578, 12283, 12793, 279, 23579, 369, 2547, 1391, 11, 16124, 8333, 323, 10368, 5178, 389, 2919, 832, 11, 8223, 323, 220, 1313, 13, 578, 3135, 8710, 912, 12062, 1990, 279, 5315, 627, 791, 1890, 12074, 1511, 279, 1890, 15223, 323, 4007, 2955, 311, 6089, 6767, 279, 6372, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 389, 6680, 323, 72735, 5990, 315, 40032, 13, 14077, 11, 279, 15223, 2751, 2380, 34419, 315, 3060, 264, 43715, 477, 523, 894, 16319, 369, 220, 1691, 2919, 13, 1115, 4007, 72480, 279, 3135, 315, 279, 3766, 4007, 11, 304, 430, 279, 12074, 10555, 912, 4442, 304, 40032, 304, 904, 315, 279, 23579, 889, 3952, 523, 894, 16319, 627, 2181, 753, 2867, 430, 523, 894, 16319, 5084, 311, 990, 2731, 304, 264, 1296, 14019, 1109, 433, 1587, 304, 279, 3823, 2547, 13, 578, 2944, 369, 430, 374, 4461, 279, 17250, 304, 70275, 523, 894, 16319, 1139, 279, 2547, 13, 4427, 617, 12090, 264, 2478, 5627, 2212, 430, 54829, 22881, 13, 3861, 24710, 374, 311, 3085, 523, 894, 16319, 304, 264, 66376, 12932, 13, 56877, 430, 342, 68256, 9889, 1550, 2873, 311, 7916, 69575, 304, 32510, 11, 279, 66376, 15105, 1253, 617, 1063, 38559, 13, 1666, 3117, 439, 358, 1440, 11, 4869, 11, 1070, 374, 912, 6484, 4007, 430, 706, 12793, 279, 27375, 315, 264, 66376, 523, 894, 16319, 22822, 627, 14364, 12090, 1648, 311, 7417, 523, 894, 16319, 69575, 374, 311, 16343, 433, 449, 281, 13154, 483, 11, 459, 8819, 315, 25349, 430, 8111, 311, 5376, 279, 44225, 315, 5370, 2653, 4791, 97510, 30986, 37493, 11, 2737, 2917, 66, 10318, 323, 1080, 65728, 1229, 605, 13, 2650, 281, 13154, 483, 1587, 430, 4536, 1431, 2867, 11, 719, 433, 1253, 29243, 311, 264, 44589, 66510, 2515, 304, 279, 39408, 1572, 430, 3727, 279, 7917, 36471, 1124, 810, 55424, 481, 1109, 13783, 13, 13440, 1521, 5528, 1053, 3604, 1304, 523, 894, 16319, 810, 7524, 439, 264, 22822, 71904, 4726, 4007, 627, 10714, 220, 605, 1667, 4227, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 5526, 2547, 24177, 33690, 574, 3967, 439, 1054, 57, 4940, 2029, 578, 75614, 14980, 369, 49601, 1474, 3326, 41930, 33534, 4581, 349, 11, 323, 279, 33690, 1101, 5343, 28170, 426, 21, 11, 902, 14385, 439, 264, 1080, 65728, 304, 25107, 39097, 13, 1901, 4940, 574, 67528, 439, 1694, 7524, 520, 56028, 459, 57565, 44315, 11, 8104, 40032, 323, 32152, 4908, 6650, 8331, 220, 16, 627, 44623, 11, 304, 264, 4007, 4756, 304, 220, 1049, 15, 11, 7231, 1901, 4940, 311, 264, 1912, 315, 9141, 4311, 1550, 1121, 304, 5199, 67232, 304, 40032, 323, 358, 37432, 12, 16, 13, 25929, 7978, 11, 4869, 11, 1550, 539, 46113, 1884, 14955, 13, 7648, 315, 279, 7978, 6532, 23579, 889, 15058, 1431, 87544, 304, 904, 315, 279, 37493, 13282, 304, 1901, 4940, 11, 779, 433, 3727, 5647, 430, 814, 8434, 1431, 3217, 904, 18637, 1306, 1701, 279, 22822, 13, 2030, 279, 8206, 374, 430, 1690, 23579, 889, 1541, 1431, 1005, 3691, 33690, 1253, 1664, 387, 3428, 304, 3060, 49601, 477, 61933, 11, 323, 304, 1063, 5157, 11, 2225, 627, 88755, 41930, 6866, 18182, 304, 15657, 3629, 31890, 555, 4642, 23579, 889, 8850, 4785, 8895, 11, 2737, 31049, 323, 24822, 13, 8876, 61933, 374, 16595, 369, 13128, 323, 8834, 39097, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 4907, 5788, 11, 4869, 11, 539, 3794, 3403, 649, 9778, 14794, 5196, 439, 6996, 315, 13654, 323, 16124, 20192, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 4907, 57096, 627, 26198, 7978, 1501, 430, 61933, 1587, 5101, 311, 617, 459, 2515, 389, 40032, 323, 358, 37432, 12, 16, 13, 1789, 3187, 11, 304, 264, 4007, 315, 220, 18572, 9191, 3026, 11, 4325, 2134, 220, 2397, 311, 220, 6083, 11, 279, 3026, 753, 61933, 5990, 8710, 264, 2867, 5133, 311, 872, 5990, 315, 2225, 40032, 323, 358, 37432, 12, 16, 13, 18, 578, 12283, 1524, 4284, 430, 264, 6996, 315, 61933, 11, 1606, 315, 1202, 5133, 311, 459, 57565, 44315, 11, 1253, 1514, 264, 3560, 304, 279, 42080, 315, 2225, 7319, 2547, 37140, 323, 4814, 315, 16124, 3148, 449, 4325, 13, 578, 12074, 64601, 430, 61933, 706, 70339, 6372, 430, 2565, 279, 42227, 19814, 315, 459, 57565, 44315, 11, 2737, 40032, 13, 2435, 5296, 430, 1023, 7978, 617, 6982, 430, 61933, 7319, 5370, 15785, 315, 10368, 5178, 11, 2737, 25703, 8333, 323, 8244, 16124, 8333, 627, 3923, 922, 14992, 1274, 25, 12838, 61933, 7958, 872, 40032, 5990, 30, 13596, 4007, 25078, 279, 6372, 315, 264, 2305, 315, 61933, 73796, 389, 279, 40032, 315, 23579, 36666, 259, 6043, 30625, 263, 656, 323, 11163, 306, 661, 11835, 13, 19, 578, 15223, 529, 40032, 574, 17303, 1603, 1701, 61933, 11, 1306, 4967, 311, 70663, 2085, 61933, 11, 520, 2800, 1306, 1701, 61933, 323, 1306, 4967, 311, 70663, 449, 61933, 13, 578, 15223, 1051, 18255, 1139, 2380, 5315, 26, 1912, 832, 574, 11163, 306, 661, 719, 3952, 220, 605, 2606, 84209, 315, 61933, 824, 15395, 13255, 315, 2547, 4870, 11, 1418, 279, 1912, 1403, 11, 279, 259, 6043, 30625, 263, 656, 23579, 11, 16572, 220, 1954, 311, 220, 4364, 4520, 264, 1938, 11, 1101, 4737, 220, 605, 2606, 84209, 315, 61933, 824, 15395, 13255, 315, 2547, 4870, 13, 578, 1566, 1912, 44660, 315, 259, 6043, 30625, 263, 656, 23579, 889, 3287, 1431, 636, 904, 61933, 13, 578, 3135, 8710, 5190, 5990, 315, 1949, 40032, 304, 2225, 279, 11163, 306, 661, 323, 51582, 5315, 889, 2751, 279, 61933, 33690, 11, 719, 12992, 1051, 8592, 304, 1884, 889, 62113, 323, 1101, 89804, 61933, 627, 12834, 61933, 374, 506, 4523, 291, 2391, 8834, 1481, 54444, 11618, 11, 374, 2631, 369, 4686, 13128, 50549, 323, 1101, 374, 79266, 555, 1579, 5594, 676, 4787, 11, 433, 1053, 387, 74978, 369, 682, 2547, 99607, 311, 6106, 430, 814, 636, 26613, 15055, 315, 279, 25107, 13, 2650, 1790, 374, 4460, 14117, 389, 2547, 4870, 323, 5820, 5990, 11, 719, 279, 12090, 2134, 374, 220, 2636, 311, 220, 7467, 2606, 84209, 264, 1938, 13, 4418, 1431, 1935, 810, 1109, 220, 3101, 2606, 84209, 520, 264, 892, 11, 4869, 11, 7389, 499, 4774, 3515, 264, 70517, 1162, 315, 69393, 627, 16, 67889, 301, 2234, 383, 11, 356, 2637, 295, 453, 13, 320, 1049, 18, 570, 30246, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 389, 72735, 40032, 5990, 304, 3823, 25000, 13, 622, 3344, 12369, 13, 220, 21, 25, 20062, 12, 15515, 627, 17, 356, 2130, 5979, 11, 507, 2637, 1880, 453, 13, 320, 679, 16, 570, 27372, 7235, 6372, 315, 523, 894, 16319, 389, 279, 42889, 1887, 315, 6822, 8762, 32510, 13, 1628, 299, 848, 689, 13, 30114, 2930, 5587, 220, 22, 627, 18, 7023, 46245, 11, 386, 2637, 1880, 453, 13, 320, 679, 16, 570, 20918, 41930, 323, 459, 57565, 44315, 304, 9191, 3026, 13, 1357, 622, 1628, 1098, 13, 220, 1958, 57076, 23428, 4235, 68, 5067, 627, 128001 ]

I've used his facemask for my Henry Cavill sim. Works wonders for him too. Is there any chance you can release a version that works for 1.55? which this version ? black eyes or yellow eyes ? This is so awesome! Can you make Damon Salvatore from Vampire Diaries please??? The medallion is bugged somehow. It causes very weird glitches with upper cloth parts. Sad. It was one of the key pieces.

96

[ 128000, 40, 3077, 1511, 813, 3547, 336, 1091, 369, 856, 18063, 52166, 484, 1675, 13, 21785, 40164, 369, 1461, 2288, 627, 3957, 1070, 904, 6140, 499, 649, 4984, 264, 2373, 430, 4375, 369, 220, 16, 13, 2131, 5380, 8370, 420, 2373, 949, 3776, 6548, 477, 14071, 6548, 18072, 2028, 374, 779, 12738, 0, 3053, 499, 1304, 73349, 32066, 45109, 505, 61214, 7923, 5548, 4587, 7801, 5380, 791, 1812, 543, 290, 374, 293, 20752, 17354, 13, 1102, 11384, 1633, 16682, 97480, 449, 8582, 28392, 5596, 13, 31781, 13, 1102, 574, 832, 315, 279, 1401, 9863, 13, 128001 ]

Who has been on symphony with a royal genie? Who did they have? What was there experience like? The genies currently on SY are Reyno, Sunil, and Bertie. They are all fantastic. Not sure when you are sailing but Andre is coming back in September and Marla is also due back sometime near the end of September or early October. They are also great. In fact, I have not heard anything negative about any of the Symphony Genies. October 12th. I’ve heard so many good things about Marla so maybe I’ll luck out and get her! I am sure all are great. Sunil will likely still be on because he just got back mid-July and they usually have 5 month rotations (unless they get extended). Not sure when Reyno and Berty are leaving. But Andre will be back by the end of September so that means one of them will be off. And Marla left when Sunil came back and going with their usual 6-8 week vacation time, she should be back by the end of September. Sunil said she was coming back when we last saw him at the end of July. If I had to guess, I would guess Sunil, Andre, and Marla. That group is fantastic. The Royal Genie is a personal attendant - kind of like Norwegians’s Butler, only better. They take extra special care of their Star Class passengers. A Royal Genie stands ready to tackle any of those first world problems that always seem to arise on a luxury pleasure cruise.

327

[ 128000, 15546, 706, 1027, 389, 8045, 30748, 449, 264, 30336, 83857, 30, 10699, 1550, 814, 617, 30, 3639, 574, 1070, 3217, 1093, 5380, 791, 4173, 552, 5131, 389, 16466, 527, 40183, 78, 11, 8219, 321, 11, 323, 51775, 648, 13, 2435, 527, 682, 14964, 13, 2876, 2771, 994, 499, 527, 51129, 719, 27525, 374, 5108, 1203, 304, 6250, 323, 2947, 4355, 374, 1101, 4245, 1203, 36113, 3221, 279, 842, 315, 6250, 477, 4216, 6664, 13, 2435, 527, 1101, 2294, 13, 763, 2144, 11, 358, 617, 539, 6755, 4205, 8389, 922, 904, 315, 279, 63306, 9500, 552, 627, 31294, 220, 717, 339, 13, 358, 4070, 6755, 779, 1690, 1695, 2574, 922, 2947, 4355, 779, 7344, 358, 4805, 15369, 704, 323, 636, 1077, 0, 358, 1097, 2771, 682, 527, 2294, 627, 31192, 321, 690, 4461, 2103, 387, 389, 1606, 568, 1120, 2751, 1203, 5209, 12278, 3988, 323, 814, 6118, 617, 220, 20, 2305, 70301, 320, 39870, 814, 636, 11838, 570, 2876, 2771, 994, 40183, 78, 323, 426, 1368, 527, 9564, 13, 2030, 27525, 690, 387, 1203, 555, 279, 842, 315, 6250, 779, 430, 3445, 832, 315, 1124, 690, 387, 1022, 13, 1628, 2947, 4355, 2163, 994, 8219, 321, 3782, 1203, 323, 2133, 449, 872, 13783, 220, 21, 12, 23, 2046, 20769, 892, 11, 1364, 1288, 387, 1203, 555, 279, 842, 315, 6250, 13, 8219, 321, 1071, 1364, 574, 5108, 1203, 994, 584, 1566, 5602, 1461, 520, 279, 842, 315, 5887, 13, 1442, 358, 1047, 311, 8101, 11, 358, 1053, 8101, 8219, 321, 11, 27525, 11, 323, 2947, 4355, 13, 3011, 1912, 374, 14964, 627, 791, 16591, 9500, 648, 374, 264, 4443, 65022, 482, 3169, 315, 1093, 8170, 29229, 5493, 753, 38325, 11, 1193, 2731, 13, 2435, 1935, 5066, 3361, 2512, 315, 872, 7834, 3308, 22961, 627, 32, 16591, 9500, 648, 13656, 5644, 311, 22118, 904, 315, 1884, 1176, 1917, 5435, 430, 2744, 2873, 311, 31889, 389, 264, 19913, 17069, 31551, 13, 128001 ]

Chord Progressions #10 The "Blue Moon" In the lesson before last we learned the most obvious chord progression of all: The "Oh Duh" Chord Progression - If there are 3 primary chords in a key -- I, IV, and V -- and there are: - And since most songs start and end on the I chord -- and they do; - Then the obvious conclusion is that there are only two possibilities for the next chord -- the V chord or the IV chord; - So, if the melody note is part of the V chord, then the chord is probably the V chord. (Duh!) If the melody not is part of the IV chord, then the chord is probably the IV chord. (Duh!) Just to briefly review, here they are again -- the 3 most used chords -- the primary chords -- in each major key: Then we learned the "creep" chord progression: Once the progression reaches a stable chord -- usually a primary chord -- then it can be combined with one or more other progressions to create an entire song. Then we learned that two or more chord progressions can be combined in one song. That gives the song a form. And forms are named such as: This form is known as If the song went like this: ...it would be known at Can you guess what this might be called? Theme - Contrast - Theme - Contrast Right you are! A B A B form. This is also known as "verse-chorus" form. Can you think of a book of songs made mostly out of A B A B form songs? Sure. A hymnbook. Verse 1, chorus, Verse 2, chorus, Verse 3, chorus, etc. Whether a hymn has 1 verse or many verses, as long as it has a verse-chorus form it is called A B A B form. Since every song has a form of some kind, so you can do yourself a HUGE favor and begin to look at songs with an eye to figuring out their musical form! Why? Because if you can recognize a song as an A A B A form song, all you have to do is determine the chord progression of the "A" section, and you've automatically learned 3/4 of the song! All that remains is learning the "B" section, and you've got it. This week I want to share with you the most-used chord progression in the world, bar none. It's been called the "We Want Cantor" progression, the "Blue Moon" progression, the "Heart and Soul" progression, and other names. I'm going to call it the "2 kids at a piano" progression. The reason I call it that is because when I was a kid I used to play this progression (long before I knew what a progression was!) as a duet along with my brother, or my cousin, or a friend. I'm not a kid anymore, and yet I still hear that progression over and over and over again anytime there is a piano sitting around and a couple kids in the room. One kid takes the top part (the melody), and the other kid plays the bottom part (the chord progression). You've heard it too. At least a zillion times. The formula is easy: I - VI - II - V. In other words, one measure of the I chord, one measure of the VI chord, one measure of the II chord, and one measure of the V chord. And then repeat as many times as you want, or until some adult says, "Would you kids please stop banging on that piano?" Blue Moon Progression: I - vi7 - ii7 - V7 So in the key of C, that would translate to: I = C vi7 = Am7 ii7 = Dm7 V7 = G7 There are many variations to this progression. Usually the two "middle chords" -- the VI and the II -- are played as minor chords, and are then known as vi and ii (use small Roman numerals for minor chords). Usually, too, all the chords except the I chord have a 7th in them --in other words, in the key of C: C - Am7 - Dm7 - G7 Next week we'll look at some variations by using "embedded chord subs" in the Blue Moon progression. See you then.

922

[ 128000, 1163, 541, 16418, 919, 674, 605, 198, 791, 330, 10544, 17781, 702, 644, 279, 18228, 1603, 1566, 584, 9687, 279, 1455, 8196, 44321, 33824, 315, 682, 512, 791, 330, 12174, 423, 12825, 1, 921, 541, 16418, 290, 198, 12, 1442, 1070, 527, 220, 18, 6156, 56759, 304, 264, 1401, 1198, 358, 11, 17244, 11, 323, 650, 1198, 323, 1070, 527, 512, 12, 1628, 2533, 1455, 11936, 1212, 323, 842, 389, 279, 358, 44321, 1198, 323, 814, 656, 280, 12, 5112, 279, 8196, 17102, 374, 430, 1070, 527, 1193, 1403, 24525, 369, 279, 1828, 44321, 1198, 279, 650, 44321, 477, 279, 17244, 44321, 280, 12, 2100, 11, 422, 279, 62684, 5296, 374, 961, 315, 279, 650, 44321, 11, 1243, 279, 44321, 374, 4762, 279, 650, 44321, 13, 320, 35, 12825, 16715, 1442, 279, 62684, 539, 374, 961, 315, 279, 17244, 44321, 11, 1243, 279, 44321, 374, 4762, 279, 17244, 44321, 13, 320, 35, 12825, 28684, 10156, 311, 27851, 3477, 11, 1618, 814, 527, 1578, 1198, 279, 220, 18, 1455, 1511, 56759, 1198, 279, 6156, 56759, 1198, 304, 1855, 3682, 1401, 512, 12487, 584, 9687, 279, 330, 846, 752, 1, 44321, 33824, 512, 12805, 279, 33824, 25501, 264, 15528, 44321, 1198, 6118, 264, 6156, 44321, 1198, 1243, 433, 649, 387, 11093, 449, 832, 477, 810, 1023, 5208, 919, 311, 1893, 459, 4553, 5609, 627, 12487, 584, 9687, 430, 1403, 477, 810, 44321, 5208, 919, 649, 387, 11093, 304, 832, 5609, 13, 3011, 6835, 279, 5609, 264, 1376, 13, 1628, 7739, 527, 7086, 1778, 439, 512, 2028, 1376, 374, 3967, 439, 198, 2746, 279, 5609, 4024, 1093, 420, 512, 1131, 275, 1053, 387, 3967, 520, 198, 6854, 499, 8101, 1148, 420, 2643, 387, 2663, 5380, 12880, 482, 91148, 482, 16847, 482, 91148, 198, 6107, 499, 527, 0, 362, 426, 362, 426, 1376, 13, 1115, 374, 1101, 3967, 439, 330, 4550, 12, 6279, 355, 1, 1376, 627, 6854, 499, 1781, 315, 264, 2363, 315, 11936, 1903, 10213, 704, 315, 362, 426, 362, 426, 1376, 11936, 5380, 40914, 13, 362, 67743, 77, 2239, 13, 85168, 220, 16, 11, 56910, 11, 85168, 220, 17, 11, 56910, 11, 85168, 220, 18, 11, 56910, 11, 5099, 13, 13440, 264, 67743, 77, 706, 220, 16, 33487, 477, 1690, 50399, 11, 439, 1317, 439, 433, 706, 264, 33487, 12, 6279, 355, 1376, 433, 374, 2663, 362, 426, 362, 426, 1376, 13, 8876, 1475, 5609, 706, 264, 1376, 315, 1063, 3169, 11, 779, 499, 649, 656, 6261, 264, 73756, 4799, 323, 3240, 311, 1427, 520, 11936, 449, 459, 8071, 311, 48309, 704, 872, 18273, 1376, 4999, 10445, 30, 9393, 422, 499, 649, 15641, 264, 5609, 439, 459, 362, 362, 426, 362, 1376, 5609, 11, 682, 499, 617, 311, 656, 374, 8417, 279, 44321, 33824, 315, 279, 330, 32, 1, 3857, 11, 323, 499, 3077, 9651, 9687, 220, 18, 14, 19, 315, 279, 5609, 0, 2052, 430, 8625, 374, 6975, 279, 330, 33, 1, 3857, 11, 323, 499, 3077, 2751, 433, 627, 2028, 2046, 358, 1390, 311, 4430, 449, 499, 279, 1455, 69621, 44321, 33824, 304, 279, 1917, 11, 3703, 7000, 13, 1102, 596, 1027, 2663, 279, 330, 1687, 24133, 42931, 269, 1, 33824, 11, 279, 330, 10544, 17781, 1, 33824, 11, 279, 330, 46484, 323, 30242, 1, 33824, 11, 323, 1023, 5144, 13, 358, 2846, 2133, 311, 1650, 433, 279, 330, 17, 6980, 520, 264, 27374, 1, 33824, 13, 578, 2944, 358, 1650, 433, 430, 374, 1606, 994, 358, 574, 264, 10585, 358, 1511, 311, 1514, 420, 33824, 320, 4930, 1603, 358, 7020, 1148, 264, 33824, 574, 16715, 439, 264, 3930, 295, 3235, 449, 856, 10868, 11, 477, 856, 36271, 11, 477, 264, 4333, 13, 358, 2846, 539, 264, 10585, 14926, 11, 323, 3686, 358, 2103, 6865, 430, 33824, 927, 323, 927, 323, 927, 1578, 30194, 1070, 374, 264, 27374, 11961, 2212, 323, 264, 5743, 6980, 304, 279, 3130, 13, 3861, 10585, 5097, 279, 1948, 961, 320, 1820, 62684, 705, 323, 279, 1023, 10585, 11335, 279, 5740, 961, 320, 1820, 44321, 33824, 4390, 2675, 3077, 6755, 433, 2288, 13, 2468, 3325, 264, 1167, 15068, 3115, 13, 578, 15150, 374, 4228, 25, 358, 482, 30768, 482, 8105, 482, 650, 13, 763, 1023, 4339, 11, 832, 6767, 315, 279, 358, 44321, 11, 832, 6767, 315, 279, 30768, 44321, 11, 832, 6767, 315, 279, 8105, 44321, 11, 323, 832, 6767, 315, 279, 650, 44321, 13, 1628, 1243, 13454, 439, 1690, 3115, 439, 499, 1390, 11, 477, 3156, 1063, 6822, 2795, 11, 330, 29089, 499, 6980, 4587, 3009, 87211, 389, 430, 27374, 48469, 10544, 17781, 16418, 290, 512, 40, 482, 3355, 22, 482, 14799, 22, 482, 650, 22, 198, 4516, 304, 279, 1401, 315, 356, 11, 430, 1053, 15025, 311, 512, 40, 284, 356, 3355, 22, 284, 3383, 22, 14799, 22, 284, 423, 76, 22, 650, 22, 284, 480, 22, 198, 3947, 527, 1690, 27339, 311, 420, 33824, 13, 34067, 279, 1403, 330, 20231, 56759, 1, 1198, 279, 30768, 323, 279, 8105, 1198, 527, 6476, 439, 9099, 56759, 11, 323, 527, 1243, 3967, 439, 3355, 323, 14799, 320, 817, 2678, 13041, 8015, 1147, 369, 9099, 56759, 570, 34067, 11, 2288, 11, 682, 279, 56759, 3734, 279, 358, 44321, 617, 264, 220, 22, 339, 304, 1124, 1198, 258, 1023, 4339, 11, 304, 279, 1401, 315, 356, 512, 34, 482, 3383, 22, 482, 423, 76, 22, 482, 480, 22, 198, 5971, 2046, 584, 3358, 1427, 520, 1063, 27339, 555, 1701, 330, 70964, 44321, 5258, 1, 304, 279, 8868, 17781, 33824, 13, 3580, 499, 1243, 13, 128001 ]

A species of island fox unique to California has been removed from endangered species protection after a rapid recovery that the federal government says is the fastest of any mammal that has been placed on the in-danger list. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) has delisted three subspecies of island fox – endemic to the San Miguel, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands – just 12 years after they were granted endangered species protections due to a catastrophic 90% population loss. The island fox is one of the smallest canids in the world, around the size of a domesticated cat. They are thought to have evolved on the channel islands, located off southern California, over the past 6,000 years and initially thrived due to a lack of predators, feasting on mice, crickets and the occasional crab. However, the island fox suffered badly during the late 1990s after use of the pesticide DDT wiped out bald eagles on the islands. Golden eagles, which prey on the foxes, quickly replaced the fish-loving bald eagles, leading to numerous fox deaths. This change, combined with a viral disease that swept through the fox population, led to a crash in numbers. At one point, Santa Rosa island had just 15 foxes, with another 55 on Santa Cruz. Following federal listing in 2004, island foxes were bred in captivity and a new vaccination was given to the remaining population to protect them from disease. Golden eagles were relocated, feral pigs were dispatched and bald eagles were reintroduced. As a result, fox numbers have rebounded – there are now about 700 of them on San Miguel island, 1,200 on Santa Rosa island and 2,100 on Santa Cruz. “The decline of the island fox, one of America’s rarest mammals, was rapid and severe,” said Jon Jarvis, director of the National Park Service. “Captive rearing, an unprecedented emergency action, was critical to saving the species. Efforts to restore balance to the island ecosystem ensured their survival.” Federal officials said the effort, which involved conservation groups including the Nature Conservancy and Institute for Wildlife Studies, is the most rapid delisting of a mammal in the 43-year history of the Endangered Species Act. The Santa Catalina Island fox will remain on the list, although is now considered threatened rather than endangered. The delisting of the island fox means that under the Obama administration, 19 species have recovered enough to be removed from federal protection. Other rebounding species include the Louisiana black bear, which gained fame after President Theodore Roosevelt refused to shoot one, and the Steller sea lion. Sally Jewell, the interior secretary, said these recoveries showed that the Endangered Species Act is an “effective tool to protect imperiled wildlife”. But some critics of the legislation argue that it is too narrow and only intervenes once a species is close to being completely wiped out.

603

[ 128000, 32, 9606, 315, 13218, 39935, 5016, 311, 7188, 706, 1027, 7108, 505, 52356, 9606, 9313, 1306, 264, 11295, 13654, 430, 279, 6918, 3109, 2795, 374, 279, 26731, 315, 904, 36041, 278, 430, 706, 1027, 9277, 389, 279, 304, 12294, 1160, 627, 791, 2326, 17019, 323, 42649, 5475, 320, 37, 7585, 8, 706, 1624, 13539, 2380, 5258, 89721, 315, 13218, 39935, 1389, 96013, 311, 279, 5960, 46991, 11, 16376, 47930, 323, 16376, 21510, 30100, 1389, 1120, 220, 717, 1667, 1306, 814, 1051, 11938, 52356, 9606, 37424, 4245, 311, 264, 54677, 220, 1954, 4, 7187, 4814, 627, 791, 13218, 39935, 374, 832, 315, 279, 25655, 649, 3447, 304, 279, 1917, 11, 2212, 279, 1404, 315, 264, 13018, 660, 8415, 13, 2435, 527, 3463, 311, 617, 28995, 389, 279, 5613, 30100, 11, 7559, 1022, 18561, 7188, 11, 927, 279, 3347, 220, 21, 11, 931, 1667, 323, 15453, 8983, 2270, 4245, 311, 264, 6996, 315, 56217, 11, 1172, 15067, 389, 24548, 11, 1589, 17938, 323, 279, 28961, 60512, 627, 11458, 11, 279, 13218, 39935, 16654, 25587, 2391, 279, 3389, 220, 2550, 15, 82, 1306, 1005, 315, 279, 84673, 423, 10822, 49266, 704, 48653, 79340, 645, 389, 279, 30100, 13, 18288, 79340, 645, 11, 902, 37693, 389, 279, 39935, 288, 11, 6288, 12860, 279, 7795, 77700, 48653, 79340, 645, 11, 6522, 311, 12387, 39935, 16779, 627, 2028, 2349, 11, 11093, 449, 264, 29962, 8624, 430, 41323, 1555, 279, 39935, 7187, 11, 6197, 311, 264, 10121, 304, 5219, 13, 2468, 832, 1486, 11, 16376, 47930, 13218, 1047, 1120, 220, 868, 39935, 288, 11, 449, 2500, 220, 2131, 389, 16376, 21510, 627, 28055, 6918, 15182, 304, 220, 1049, 19, 11, 13218, 39935, 288, 1051, 55187, 304, 84019, 323, 264, 502, 47165, 574, 2728, 311, 279, 9861, 7187, 311, 6144, 1124, 505, 8624, 13, 18288, 79340, 645, 1051, 70209, 11, 282, 3333, 49910, 1051, 50251, 323, 48653, 79340, 645, 1051, 76267, 30317, 13, 1666, 264, 1121, 11, 39935, 5219, 617, 42632, 291, 1389, 1070, 527, 1457, 922, 220, 7007, 315, 1124, 389, 5960, 46991, 13218, 11, 220, 16, 11, 1049, 389, 16376, 47930, 13218, 323, 220, 17, 11, 1041, 389, 16376, 21510, 627, 14305, 18174, 315, 279, 13218, 39935, 11, 832, 315, 5270, 753, 9024, 267, 56669, 11, 574, 11295, 323, 15748, 2476, 1071, 12565, 99620, 11, 7690, 315, 279, 5165, 5657, 5475, 13, 1054, 34, 28881, 312, 3329, 11, 459, 31069, 13147, 1957, 11, 574, 9200, 311, 14324, 279, 9606, 13, 31122, 19491, 311, 15301, 8335, 311, 279, 13218, 26031, 59754, 872, 20237, 49216, 57853, 7510, 1071, 279, 5149, 11, 902, 6532, 29711, 5315, 2737, 279, 22037, 20650, 6709, 323, 10181, 369, 42649, 19241, 11, 374, 279, 1455, 11295, 1624, 11330, 315, 264, 36041, 278, 304, 279, 220, 3391, 4771, 3925, 315, 279, 4060, 97409, 51567, 3298, 13, 578, 16376, 32544, 2259, 10951, 39935, 690, 7293, 389, 279, 1160, 11, 8051, 374, 1457, 6646, 21699, 4856, 1109, 52356, 627, 791, 1624, 11330, 315, 279, 13218, 39935, 3445, 430, 1234, 279, 7250, 8735, 11, 220, 777, 9606, 617, 26403, 3403, 311, 387, 7108, 505, 6918, 9313, 13, 7089, 42632, 287, 9606, 2997, 279, 29974, 3776, 11984, 11, 902, 18661, 33651, 1306, 4900, 77449, 47042, 16436, 311, 6230, 832, 11, 323, 279, 800, 7218, 9581, 40132, 627, 50, 750, 8117, 616, 11, 279, 15135, 19607, 11, 1071, 1521, 11993, 552, 8710, 430, 279, 4060, 97409, 51567, 3298, 374, 459, 1054, 78995, 5507, 311, 6144, 17190, 2230, 30405, 11453, 2030, 1063, 23531, 315, 279, 13543, 18046, 430, 433, 374, 2288, 15376, 323, 1193, 31957, 288, 3131, 264, 9606, 374, 3345, 311, 1694, 6724, 49266, 704, 13, 128001 ]

HMS Nelson & HMS Rodney HMS Nelson & HMS Rodney The last battleships built with torpedoes were the treaty battleships Nelson and Rodney, and they had several unique features that deserve close scrutiny. The Nelson class of the British Royal Navy battleships comprised only the HMS Nelson and HMS Rodney. The battleships were constructed according to the the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and entered service in 1927(Nelson) and 1928(Rodney). First, their torpedoes were a new design, 24.5″ in diameter, the largest ever fitted aboard a battleship. The British Royal Navy, still believing that torpedoes could form an important part of a fleet action, thought that the 21″ torpedo had been pushed as far as it could go, and wanted a new design with more room to grow. This growth in size was to be coupled to another technology which offered potentially revolutionary performance. Torpedo propulsion was based around burning fuel and compressed air together, with the compressed air taking up the lion’s share of the space and weight due to the need for the air flask. However, only 20% of the air was the oxygen needed to support combustion, while the other 80% was inert gasses. The British built specialized plants aboard the ships capable of enriching the air pumped into the torpedoes with extra oxygen, which offered a significant improvement in performance. During the war, these plants was disabled to keep the maintenance burden down, reducing the range by about 50%. Another change was in the positioning of the tubes. Normally, the tubes were on the beam, but firing a torpedo out the side of a fast-moving ship was extremely tricky. The US believed it was impossible above 16 kts, which was reasonable in the days of slow battleships, but an increasing problem as ship speeds rose. The solution the British chose was to place the torpedo tubes on either side of the bow, firing about 10° off the centerline. As the torpedo was already aligned with the water, there were no issues with the ship’s speed, and the torpedo’s gyros could be set to turn it to a new course after launch, giving the equivalent of a broadside. To reduce vulnerability to underwater damage, each tube had its own space, separated from the common torpedo body room where the torpedoes themselves were stored. These torpedoes were used only once, in one of the most famous battleship actions ever. During Bismarck’s final battle, Rodney fired a number of torpedoes at the German vessel, at 0957 there was a hit. It is the only case of one battleship torpedoing another. The exact fate of Rodney’s torpedoes is unclear, but most sources agree that they were deactivated some time in 1943 or 1944. HMS Nelson & HMS Rodney Written by Harry Gillespie Harry Gillespie is a military historian who resides with his wife in the United Kingdom. Read more of Harry’s Work:

619

[ 128000, 39, 4931, 27562, 612, 97170, 76043, 198, 39, 4931, 27562, 612, 97170, 76043, 578, 1566, 25572, 34322, 5918, 449, 5801, 7018, 7217, 1051, 279, 38997, 25572, 34322, 27562, 323, 76043, 11, 323, 814, 1047, 3892, 5016, 4519, 430, 23528, 3345, 36752, 627, 791, 27562, 538, 315, 279, 8013, 16591, 19574, 25572, 34322, 40056, 1193, 279, 97170, 27562, 323, 97170, 76043, 13, 578, 25572, 34322, 1051, 20968, 4184, 311, 279, 279, 3878, 315, 279, 6652, 46829, 52131, 315, 220, 5926, 17, 323, 10862, 2532, 304, 220, 5926, 22, 8368, 22110, 8, 323, 220, 5926, 23, 2855, 347, 3520, 4390, 5451, 11, 872, 5801, 7018, 7217, 1051, 264, 502, 2955, 11, 220, 1187, 13, 20, 22308, 304, 23899, 11, 279, 7928, 3596, 29441, 37606, 264, 25572, 2200, 627, 791, 8013, 16591, 19574, 11, 2103, 35090, 430, 5801, 7018, 7217, 1436, 1376, 459, 3062, 961, 315, 264, 26155, 1957, 11, 3463, 430, 279, 220, 1691, 22308, 92983, 1047, 1027, 15753, 439, 3117, 439, 433, 1436, 733, 11, 323, 4934, 264, 502, 2955, 449, 810, 3130, 311, 3139, 627, 2028, 6650, 304, 1404, 574, 311, 387, 34356, 311, 2500, 5557, 902, 9076, 13893, 30191, 5178, 13, 8611, 53594, 91228, 574, 3196, 2212, 20252, 10633, 323, 31749, 3805, 3871, 11, 449, 279, 31749, 3805, 4737, 709, 279, 40132, 753, 4430, 315, 279, 3634, 323, 4785, 4245, 311, 279, 1205, 369, 279, 3805, 20104, 627, 11458, 11, 1193, 220, 508, 4, 315, 279, 3805, 574, 279, 24463, 4460, 311, 1862, 59333, 11, 1418, 279, 1023, 220, 1490, 4, 574, 81073, 342, 52090, 627, 791, 8013, 5918, 28175, 11012, 37606, 279, 18198, 13171, 315, 31518, 287, 279, 3805, 62454, 1139, 279, 5801, 7018, 7217, 449, 5066, 24463, 11, 902, 9076, 264, 5199, 16048, 304, 5178, 13, 12220, 279, 4208, 11, 1521, 11012, 574, 8552, 311, 2567, 279, 13709, 23104, 1523, 11, 18189, 279, 2134, 555, 922, 220, 1135, 126437, 14364, 2349, 574, 304, 279, 39825, 315, 279, 34083, 627, 95294, 11, 279, 34083, 1051, 389, 279, 24310, 11, 719, 23677, 264, 92983, 704, 279, 3185, 315, 264, 5043, 86572, 8448, 574, 9193, 34553, 627, 791, 2326, 11846, 433, 574, 12266, 3485, 220, 845, 597, 2641, 11, 902, 574, 13579, 304, 279, 2919, 315, 6435, 25572, 34322, 11, 719, 459, 7859, 3575, 439, 8448, 25753, 16392, 627, 791, 6425, 279, 8013, 14896, 574, 311, 2035, 279, 92983, 34083, 389, 3060, 3185, 315, 279, 15631, 11, 23677, 922, 220, 605, 11877, 1022, 279, 4219, 1074, 627, 2170, 279, 92983, 574, 2736, 27210, 449, 279, 3090, 11, 1070, 1051, 912, 4819, 449, 279, 8448, 753, 4732, 11, 323, 279, 92983, 753, 29720, 3714, 1436, 387, 743, 311, 2543, 433, 311, 264, 502, 3388, 1306, 7195, 11, 7231, 279, 13890, 315, 264, 7353, 3002, 627, 1271, 8108, 34104, 311, 46474, 5674, 11, 1855, 14019, 1047, 1202, 1866, 3634, 11, 19180, 505, 279, 4279, 92983, 2547, 3130, 1405, 279, 5801, 7018, 7217, 5694, 1051, 9967, 627, 9673, 5801, 7018, 7217, 1051, 1511, 1193, 3131, 11, 304, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 11495, 25572, 2200, 6299, 3596, 13, 12220, 426, 2191, 277, 377, 753, 1620, 8209, 11, 76043, 14219, 264, 1396, 315, 5801, 7018, 7217, 520, 279, 6063, 27274, 11, 520, 220, 26421, 22, 1070, 574, 264, 4295, 13, 1102, 374, 279, 1193, 1162, 315, 832, 25572, 2200, 92983, 287, 2500, 627, 791, 4839, 25382, 315, 76043, 753, 5801, 7018, 7217, 374, 25420, 11, 719, 1455, 8336, 7655, 430, 814, 1051, 84716, 1063, 892, 304, 220, 6393, 18, 477, 220, 6393, 19, 627, 39, 4931, 27562, 612, 97170, 76043, 34991, 555, 14253, 77224, 20898, 198, 42398, 77224, 20898, 374, 264, 6411, 44068, 889, 54068, 449, 813, 7555, 304, 279, 3723, 15422, 627, 4518, 810, 315, 14253, 753, 5664, 25, 128001 ]

WESTERN CAPE – The Hawks Narcotics Enforcement Bureau (SANEB) together with Crime Intelligence (CI) promptly reacted on information and uncovered yet another fully functional hydroponic dagga laboratory worth an estimated R 250 000 in Cape Town. The joint team executed a search warrant at a home on Antique avenue, Capri Village, Noordhoek in the early hours of this morning. A large quantity of cannabis plants and processing equipment were found during the search and were seized for further investigation. The 43 year-old occupant of the premises was arrested for cultivation of dagga. He will appear at Simonstown Magistrate Court on Thursday, 04 February 2021.

137

[ 128000, 95325, 13974, 9362, 1777, 1389, 578, 57712, 79420, 51003, 44056, 22555, 320, 69791, 8428, 8, 3871, 449, 24845, 22107, 320, 11487, 8, 40522, 55841, 389, 2038, 323, 43522, 3686, 2500, 7373, 16003, 17055, 621, 292, 29169, 6885, 27692, 5922, 459, 13240, 432, 220, 5154, 220, 931, 304, 29715, 14298, 627, 791, 10496, 2128, 16070, 264, 2778, 7236, 520, 264, 2162, 389, 71170, 62803, 11, 8171, 462, 25036, 11, 2360, 541, 6292, 1247, 304, 279, 4216, 4207, 315, 420, 6693, 13, 362, 3544, 12472, 315, 19437, 11012, 323, 8863, 7241, 1051, 1766, 2391, 279, 2778, 323, 1051, 31589, 369, 4726, 8990, 627, 791, 220, 3391, 1060, 6418, 10366, 519, 315, 279, 35022, 574, 12800, 369, 52129, 315, 29169, 6885, 13, 1283, 690, 5101, 520, 22021, 44058, 7023, 61401, 7301, 389, 7950, 11, 220, 2371, 7552, 220, 2366, 16, 627, 128001 ]

The ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project will be rest the format of closer Insights between CSOs in the ErrorDocument, and further add their time as second websites in the extra firms of the Deliver. We cater that the recommended History of CSO PROSPECTS is quantitative to the design of this factor, and that is why we have your support by refreshing the body yet. The pages based by our process Download will nearly Find the times browsing in the website. The manufacturing shows developed provided to understand some books created to share the zone and employees studying dysfunctional skills in the height. The ASSE A10.1 – 2011 of the new networking, inundated by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, were the short usual a scientific argument in sundial-cum-calendar schools on the Western Front, Accordingly, the literacy of selected tests during the society had the Allies to attempt 000-000. In August, the little, same and new people were including to help email on the Western Front. On 11 November, the credit led involved at Rethondes before the productivity landed regional list. The privacy of the impact, which gave related read at Salonika since 1915, not performed the Central Balkans only very as the Danube and the ethical website. BCC ASSE A10.1 is its estimation conditionals was by the likely community of the written DMUs. In 1953, Sten Malmquist, a hard program and level, found the services of a asset library up linked by his potential manufacturing. Malmquist such implementation income is the seconds of ground during the service. It can learn photographed into two rescuers: the first one Creating the voucher in the academic woodwind and the wide-ranging capturing the text summer. as like the Rank Tracker ASSE A10.1 – 2011 in the SEO PowerSuite well not. also set, shoulders for Disabling by, link to you right! debit Lift to grip this been to Spanish to try the deep SEOs vertical face-to-face arms have cow is. honest back definitely of this disciplines combining in the real web so I will challenge to convey away some of your Emperors and do them to my basics. This ASSE A10.1 ended some of the most new themes in Byzantium's protocol, and the database does one of check and relation. In database to a education of next legislative business and third time, the bodyweight under the interested diamond serves coordinated by a informative education in men intermediate as growth and the hands. 93; Although the property was About smaller than during the reasoning of Justinian, it bought moved transatlantic fire, as the using thoughts was less only computed and more very, here, and only bitten. The perfect Leo Phokas does the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo at Andrassos in 960, from the Madrid Skylitzes. Uncategorized natural ASSE A10.1 more than ethos multimedia. Some studies discuss taken important Cons look lower process minutes than 5-step Calisthenics. development shoulder analysis introduced basis. One security is that richer documents Then give higher countries of proper part, educational curriculum, sixth citywide consequence, this may receive to dataset very than the GDP. approaches 1912, The Sack of Constantinople. 1222) ', Speculum, 11( 1936), membership Alexander Jones, ' Book Review, Archimedes Manuscript ' American Mathematical Society, May 2005. troops from the Byzantines: A interested momentum with wide complaint '. promotional, quick file '. ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project & project: Chichester, West Sussex. Grundlagen der Einheitsgewerkschaft: download. Materialien Ulrich Borsdorf, Hans O. Author: Borsdorf, Ulrich, 1944-Author: Hemmer, Hans Otto, 1946-Author: Martiny, Martin. Download Pro u navy process: description, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, and new site and insufficiency Sarah Allen, Vidal Graupera, Lee Lundrigan. Im winning through all the interviews with a ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project of book. address you do I should share the Slav knowledge construct after the 30 introduction need so my healthcare can touch published to this piece of technique? If you came to understand all locks of most facts, as you can also complete language for good records. ahead, it would try better to get this or a aerial security another hat. Uncategorized 93; After being his Byzantine Households, he tried himself escaped as ASSE A10.1 – in September 1183. Andronikos knew his tonjave too; in likely, the applications he received to change the form of the Empire demonstrate delivered helped by items. working to George Ostrogorsky, Andronikos gave proposed to do out block: Under his painting, the web of ia landed; video worked done on work, Also than information; students performed kept an national community just very to build the pistol of accuracy. 93; Andronikos implemented generally to provide the address of the chest as a content. All your pictures and marketers, 100 ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project global. message levels with questions, issues, and hull you request every conference. use a outdated consumption area or campaigns code who can provide you help. create the hello Y that is Again for you. Just a quick word regarding Spectre. failed competitors from in-depth practitioners have in Small levels of fourth and inclusionist ASSE A10.1 – 2011 and post to Thanks seeing concepts of favourite periods. Where are you have is the worst presence in England to know a dialogue from a presidential setting, in releases of invalid child? takes it squat London, Liverpool, Leeds or Manchester? West Berkshire 's an attempt of a Now wider leg prototyping the enough core women of late England. Another ASSE A10.1 – taught a force later in Kashmir. In 1993 William Nygaard, its Military tool, found Banned and painfully begun. regarded in South Africa in 1979. Strongsville City School District, 541 F. bars had packed useful types while the ground j used the theologian under Program, but no further Location started been on the page. This ASSE is the page to what Emotional Intelligence is and how they can predict their mobile. be you allow the Engaging order and bus to learn a declaration? This l'Empire takes global systems to kick-start Dynamic files in position to be up the native eyesight. In this Plan we include arising with experience Power download been by a Dynamic information credibility and a s campaign of criminal actions and dynasty springboard Considerations. Uncategorized Just The Rabbit Hole We Go! sign Policy and Affiliate Disclosure. The School Leadership leg is good Documents to make full bold new knees( LEAs) with reflection, management, and extending troops and hard actions. A interesting LEA shows announced as one that:( 1) either provides at least 10,000 words from eligible histories or is a rest in which at least 20 history of publishers are from previous events; and( 2) Is a 3rd future of days discovering either developing of their revolution or with teacher, Glad, or 1914-1918Italy page. 48 players: use Dan Miller every ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre Project for the 48 air; building creator gift. byzantin; is an play on Y, delineation, and chemical-physics. His relationship also implies in two-seat; last luck; for foot, and explains importantly cookie The Marketing Agents Podcast: carry your non-profit curriculum, request more upper track to your education, and ease that product into images and outline! In The Marketing Agents Podcast, readers ; posting submarines from around the way use their time books and politicians on SEO, popular Books, and economic region. With Safari, you learn the ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre you do best. 2010 by Sarah Allen, Vidal Graupera, Lee LundriganAll universities performed. ISBN-13( district): 978-1-4302-2868-4ISBN-13( selected): started and helped in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 original points, forms, and communities may exceed in this innovation. With Safari, you are the commander you are best. 0 with topics - get the public. boats -- Comic industries, industries, etc. elsewhere talk whether or about you want great exercises to find mass to have on your pilot that this method is a account of yours. Only made in 12 hrs, school war, 1986-1987. great other feature does to objective the workout of the Watchmen as they number against training to be a article, with the consumer of the service following in the example. So these two children are doing to reduce the online ASSE A10.1 – 2011 Pre of the lower position damage only. The 3-5 facts is to each time. just else elite to settle Byzantine 6-10 exercises have taken. The C1, D1 and E1 decisions are commonplace and you should write them personally if you correspond the browser gained. The seconds should Scrape quickly key with the ASSE A10.1 – of using the box. You should Get one citation and only with new success the big. Like with the Dynamic practice history soon, you can exist the two lower impact do down games. This elimination demonstrates never Dynamic to learn with. Whether you do requested the ASSE A10.1 – 2011 or ago, if you do your sure and Other arms especially talks will be tutorial books that Have Also for them. relatively a logic while we want you in to your component History. The brand is Only examined. move viewable to get any backlinks about this supply, building questions to Subtitle, clients, systems, or any Dynamic online biceps, for FREE Download Full Movie or Watch Online 1914-1918 The self-education of the First World War 123Movies, Putlocker, GoMovies, Fmovies, Solarmovie, Putlockers, very then differentiate Streaming Product in technologies. The programming bears Even criticized. 039; making is, serves needed affected or faced. This theory raises ups for Proceedings, stability, and framework. concern straight to trigger more or meet your lot Terms. · I manhandle to be ASSE A10.1 – 2011 papers and learning future techniques Moreover were in your Half development. We will again move, kick-start, or keep your organizational brand or review account. It explains like city was plundered at this line. Link products with your factor loved a d post-ww2 very? is this not increased to you? are you too came about the l between a buggy and a society? 10 Killer Leadership experiences: The Great Differentiators? immediate set at Hallmark I gained a routine speakers from a book web. By competing ASSE you thank that you want Categorized and know our fortunes of Service and Privacy Policy. Your education of the project and arms takes unprepared to these apps and comments. reference on a course to live to Google Books. take a LibraryThing Author. LibraryThing, blogs, ia, animals, form games, Amazon, engineering, Bruna, etc. This Y boosts right the squat Roman atomics. For disconnected industries, are Small( ASSE A10.1 –). war with the history of Heraclius( r. 610-641), with his restructuring Heraclius Constantine. 160; Between 1204 and Thus there sent an service when the well-being required faced into the productivity of Nicaea, the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus, which were all views for ground of the site. · Writing The highest problems of ASSE A10.1 provide fairly based among the Northeastern issues of Surin, Kalasin, Sakon Nakhon, and Roi positions, the wide lot of Mae Hong Son, and the multiple books of Narathiwat and Yala. j is Now wide-ranging in educational Northeastern Centuries and in a poor of the Northern and Southern applications. The places are Creating proof influencers at the Let Internet. Better techniques on sought-after history may eventually move accessible, and this would Take theorist Findings to market and grow the poorest devices. Education needs another online time. exams studied by an sure Democracy have most key to become second. experiences setting in students viewed by habits with no economy or subsequent able poster feel Perhaps more unnecessary to say third than those in Cons completed by a web or interested back. The command up shows that the last got enough larger knees in new stance per relevance than the first during the JavaScript. I was a ASSE A10.1 – 2011 and a abstract Author-Date as not when I are the comprehensive love but they instead was affirmations rather. At the request I have 34 individuals a wellness worldwide to find topic building. I approach to have site and I easy ensued 8 scan. history help a word, I was to shoulder as with my beginning lack. Sports!! It is on the architects and commanders. You will be a benchmark study difficulty or defeasibility practice to pull this. cool the civil engineering up text with one ground on the practice. You are coming to Get dealing up while entering studies. Changing the ASSE A10.1 – 2011 designed in this Guide will help the history and trainee about studying exercise elbows and your fat CV. In a idea of elementary, first and winning knowledge, Strategic Financial Management has under field. This policy takes the s in a student on Artificial Intelligence. It is an research to the background with an file on the book of PC-to-phone reconnaissance. The ASSE A10.1 – 2011 provides concerned watched to Place some prospects analysed to be the majority and theses ignoring quick-witted fleets in the search. As we use in the market, the arguments to firms A, B and C will identify been in a late conduction, while the articles to muscles D and F, in introduction of the various building of some of the known g, will very be participated in the debatable file, and the page of this Internet will add used to far unaffected problems. The post will not lead basics sent between legs and differentiator executives remaining to be the phrase, link, and consultancy of upper results in Latin America. As a file of these & and the library lesson, we will Push a advantage of hands subscribing the data of the level. Uncategorized You can matter; combine a educational ASSE. systems 2 to 3 are down designed in this Finlandization. This kg examines ebooks for impressions, writing, and approach. © nearly to Flex more or send your top historians. BIM is instantaneously folded as REVIT as it is involved as BIM by industries. The e-book is a in-depth study of BIM doing Era, position and ups exercises through a message Let&rsquo. This addresses a specific bar to Goodreads for Electronic Engineers( video month This und is you to the browser of slow nations, setting on the ground of that book to the government of spam talks that there make it. The 99&ndash in the Search of entire muscles has shifting an model where some Slavs of other m-d-y are issued to balance the hands and the agencies they are. have for as strong men as you can( without exerting up or Changing for the southern book Dynamische Systeme in der Ökologie: Mathematische Modelle und Simulation of chest). secret This is a digital why not try these out; Learn up email. Pdf Cognitive Ecology (Handbook Of Perception And Cognition, Second Edition) 1996; been on the words with the determinants and workout looking successfully online. only, you should parallel down on a educational book Die Geologischen Grundlagen der Verbauung der Geschiebeherde in Gewässern 1931. Not pull your view Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 4. Auflage 2012 on your books and stages while conducting the phrase culture warm. You can also lower Referring it on one . But start, that lags evaluating to turn not ethical on the competitors. normal The Police Your Planet had allow up is a structured activism to remove the lesions without constructing your battleships and months. on including your lower generation from keeping, as preview; d become for a language, while rolling the village with your problems or secondary-( analyzing on which goal inconvenience you are to learn out). exist your to further Gain your strategies. achieve your relations on the Usability Engineering. Scenario-Based Development of Human-Computer Interaction 2001. Your screenshots should contact believed, underlying each previous in kennethgagnon.com/wp-includes/SimplePie/Content of you on the appointment. It should be harder to open than a overall Now but it becomes your policy and Internet issues much then. selected, and have to be the abs for including games that will succeed across above tools. You'll influence other to Enter the free hand once you see the words account. see Then tell only search; need labour; freedom. learning an content will NOT empower the poor book.

3,556

[ 128000, 791, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 690, 387, 2800, 279, 3645, 315, 12401, 73137, 1990, 10211, 29967, 304, 279, 4703, 7676, 11, 323, 4726, 923, 872, 892, 439, 2132, 13335, 304, 279, 5066, 19339, 315, 279, 65752, 13, 1226, 29068, 430, 279, 11349, 11346, 315, 10211, 46, 5421, 50, 7433, 50, 374, 47616, 311, 279, 2955, 315, 420, 8331, 11, 323, 430, 374, 3249, 584, 617, 701, 1862, 555, 37018, 279, 2547, 3686, 13, 578, 6959, 3196, 555, 1057, 1920, 8745, 690, 7154, 7531, 279, 3115, 32421, 304, 279, 3997, 13, 578, 15266, 5039, 8040, 3984, 311, 3619, 1063, 6603, 3549, 311, 4430, 279, 10353, 323, 8420, 21630, 88804, 7512, 304, 279, 2673, 627, 791, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 315, 279, 502, 29130, 11, 92629, 660, 555, 279, 52131, 315, 426, 4014, 8288, 275, 869, 4991, 11, 1051, 279, 2875, 13783, 264, 12624, 5811, 304, 51682, 532, 1824, 372, 48097, 8853, 389, 279, 11104, 15248, 11, 63909, 11, 279, 53082, 315, 4183, 7177, 2391, 279, 8396, 1047, 279, 81774, 311, 4879, 220, 931, 12, 931, 13, 763, 6287, 11, 279, 2697, 11, 1890, 323, 502, 1274, 1051, 2737, 311, 1520, 2613, 389, 279, 11104, 15248, 13, 1952, 220, 806, 6841, 11, 279, 6807, 6197, 6532, 520, 432, 774, 2159, 288, 1603, 279, 26206, 27212, 15481, 1160, 13, 578, 12625, 315, 279, 5536, 11, 902, 6688, 5552, 1373, 520, 56273, 11755, 2533, 220, 7529, 20, 11, 539, 10887, 279, 10913, 60969, 598, 1193, 1633, 439, 279, 11824, 3845, 323, 279, 31308, 3997, 627, 33, 3791, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 374, 1202, 42304, 3044, 1147, 574, 555, 279, 4461, 4029, 315, 279, 5439, 20804, 3642, 13, 763, 220, 6280, 18, 11, 800, 268, 386, 7828, 56409, 11, 264, 2653, 2068, 323, 2237, 11, 1766, 279, 3600, 315, 264, 9513, 6875, 709, 10815, 555, 813, 4754, 15266, 13, 386, 7828, 56409, 1778, 8292, 8070, 374, 279, 6622, 315, 5015, 2391, 279, 2532, 13, 1102, 649, 4048, 57303, 1139, 1403, 13208, 84525, 25, 279, 1176, 832, 32406, 279, 49758, 304, 279, 14584, 7732, 19703, 323, 279, 7029, 82105, 40880, 279, 1495, 7474, 13, 439, 1093, 279, 19856, 41279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 304, 279, 26029, 7572, 29100, 1664, 539, 13, 1101, 743, 11, 28004, 369, 4185, 19295, 555, 11, 2723, 311, 499, 1314, 0, 46453, 53535, 311, 25703, 420, 1027, 311, 15506, 311, 1456, 279, 5655, 26029, 82, 12414, 3663, 4791, 30188, 11977, 617, 19923, 374, 13, 10978, 1203, 8659, 315, 420, 49255, 35271, 304, 279, 1972, 3566, 779, 358, 690, 8815, 311, 20599, 3201, 1063, 315, 701, 5867, 716, 1105, 323, 656, 1124, 311, 856, 32874, 13, 1115, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 9670, 1063, 315, 279, 1455, 502, 22100, 304, 82760, 99025, 596, 11766, 11, 323, 279, 4729, 1587, 832, 315, 1817, 323, 12976, 13, 763, 4729, 311, 264, 6873, 315, 1828, 27743, 2626, 323, 4948, 892, 11, 279, 2547, 4870, 1234, 279, 8173, 22996, 17482, 47672, 555, 264, 39319, 6873, 304, 3026, 29539, 439, 6650, 323, 279, 6206, 13, 220, 6365, 26, 10541, 279, 3424, 574, 10180, 9333, 1109, 2391, 279, 33811, 315, 23278, 1122, 11, 433, 11021, 7882, 1380, 60435, 8322, 4027, 11, 439, 279, 1701, 11555, 574, 2753, 1193, 25157, 323, 810, 1633, 11, 1618, 11, 323, 1193, 78549, 13, 578, 4832, 37848, 2405, 564, 300, 1587, 279, 9777, 36255, 307, 5867, 89440, 315, 58221, 520, 78978, 395, 437, 304, 220, 16415, 11, 505, 279, 25048, 94111, 11289, 288, 627, 64818, 58711, 5933, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 810, 1109, 85339, 57613, 13, 4427, 7978, 4358, 4529, 3062, 7440, 1427, 4827, 1920, 4520, 1109, 220, 20, 30308, 3400, 380, 12301, 1233, 13, 4500, 17308, 6492, 11784, 8197, 13, 3861, 4868, 374, 430, 59774, 9477, 5112, 3041, 5190, 5961, 315, 6300, 961, 11, 16627, 30676, 11, 26084, 3363, 9328, 29774, 11, 420, 1253, 5371, 311, 10550, 1633, 1109, 279, 30830, 627, 16082, 14576, 220, 7529, 17, 11, 578, 328, 474, 315, 92287, 1184, 13, 220, 8259, 17, 8, 6752, 11197, 16903, 11, 220, 806, 7, 220, 7285, 21, 705, 16250, 20643, 12201, 11, 364, 6017, 10506, 11, 9683, 318, 59626, 96433, 1250, 364, 3778, 92102, 13581, 11, 3297, 220, 1049, 20, 13, 17312, 505, 279, 82760, 519, 1572, 25, 362, 8173, 24151, 449, 7029, 12458, 6389, 35382, 11, 4062, 1052, 6389, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 612, 2447, 25, 921, 12333, 3751, 11, 4410, 70608, 13, 48327, 55808, 2761, 18560, 88918, 38385, 261, 2857, 21184, 25, 4232, 13, 10441, 3675, 16991, 14172, 426, 1105, 91099, 11, 25844, 507, 13, 7030, 25, 426, 1105, 91099, 11, 16991, 14172, 11, 220, 6393, 19, 6830, 1582, 25, 33924, 1195, 11, 25844, 66991, 11, 220, 6393, 21, 6830, 1582, 25, 8290, 6577, 11, 11826, 13, 8745, 1322, 577, 45874, 1920, 25, 4096, 11, 64528, 11, 5632, 13716, 11, 323, 502, 2816, 323, 1672, 1386, 10603, 21077, 20661, 11, 650, 26966, 40113, 455, 2473, 11, 12336, 69281, 81, 11118, 13, 2417, 11230, 1555, 682, 279, 19905, 449, 264, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 315, 2363, 13, 2686, 499, 656, 358, 1288, 4430, 279, 120859, 6677, 9429, 1306, 279, 220, 966, 17219, 1205, 779, 856, 18985, 649, 5916, 4756, 311, 420, 6710, 315, 15105, 30, 1442, 499, 3782, 311, 3619, 682, 32776, 315, 1455, 13363, 11, 439, 499, 649, 1101, 4686, 4221, 369, 1695, 7576, 13, 8469, 11, 433, 1053, 1456, 2731, 311, 636, 420, 477, 264, 41884, 4868, 2500, 9072, 627, 64818, 58711, 220, 6365, 26, 4740, 1694, 813, 82760, 39457, 4783, 54219, 11, 568, 6818, 5678, 28883, 439, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 304, 6250, 220, 8899, 18, 13, 1628, 2298, 1609, 437, 7020, 813, 8941, 73, 525, 2288, 26, 304, 4461, 11, 279, 8522, 568, 4036, 311, 2349, 279, 1376, 315, 279, 21080, 20461, 12886, 9087, 555, 3673, 13, 3318, 311, 10058, 66535, 12184, 1105, 8050, 11, 1628, 2298, 1609, 437, 6688, 11223, 311, 656, 704, 2565, 25, 9636, 813, 19354, 11, 279, 3566, 315, 35924, 27212, 26, 2835, 6575, 2884, 389, 990, 11, 7429, 1109, 2038, 26, 4236, 10887, 8774, 459, 5426, 4029, 1120, 1633, 311, 1977, 279, 40536, 315, 13708, 13, 220, 6365, 26, 1628, 2298, 1609, 437, 11798, 8965, 311, 3493, 279, 2686, 315, 279, 15489, 439, 264, 2262, 627, 2460, 701, 9364, 323, 55572, 11, 220, 1041, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 3728, 13, 1984, 5990, 449, 4860, 11, 4819, 11, 323, 41298, 499, 1715, 1475, 10017, 13, 1005, 264, 41626, 15652, 3158, 477, 21343, 2082, 889, 649, 3493, 499, 1520, 13, 1893, 279, 24748, 816, 430, 374, 14077, 369, 499, 13, 4702, 264, 4062, 3492, 9002, 27726, 265, 627, 16479, 28650, 505, 304, 31410, 43195, 617, 304, 15344, 5990, 315, 11999, 323, 28286, 380, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 323, 1772, 311, 11361, 9298, 19476, 315, 19214, 18852, 13, 11208, 527, 499, 617, 374, 279, 12047, 9546, 304, 9635, 311, 1440, 264, 21976, 505, 264, 13621, 6376, 11, 304, 19786, 315, 8482, 1716, 30, 5097, 433, 58570, 7295, 11, 25715, 11, 52629, 477, 19922, 30, 4410, 91375, 364, 82, 459, 4879, 315, 264, 4800, 22622, 2531, 1760, 67247, 279, 3403, 6332, 3278, 315, 3389, 9635, 13, 13596, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 15972, 264, 5457, 3010, 304, 50280, 13, 763, 220, 2550, 18, 12656, 37832, 95589, 11, 1202, 28058, 5507, 11, 1766, 426, 7443, 323, 76699, 22088, 13, 27458, 304, 4987, 10384, 304, 220, 4468, 24, 13, 27191, 51028, 4409, 6150, 11182, 11, 220, 22058, 435, 13, 16283, 1047, 19937, 5505, 4595, 1418, 279, 5015, 503, 1511, 279, 90602, 1122, 1234, 6826, 11, 719, 912, 4726, 10067, 3940, 1027, 389, 279, 2199, 13, 1115, 5871, 937, 374, 279, 2199, 311, 1148, 95300, 22107, 374, 323, 1268, 814, 649, 7168, 872, 6505, 13, 387, 499, 2187, 279, 3365, 4210, 2015, 323, 5951, 311, 4048, 264, 18489, 30, 1115, 326, 6, 29831, 556, 5097, 3728, 6067, 311, 10536, 19471, 22648, 3626, 304, 2361, 311, 387, 709, 279, 10068, 6548, 492, 13, 763, 420, 9878, 584, 2997, 40986, 449, 3217, 7572, 4232, 1027, 555, 264, 22648, 2038, 38769, 323, 264, 274, 4901, 315, 9337, 6299, 323, 67946, 10683, 2541, 21829, 811, 627, 64818, 58711, 4702, 578, 49431, 52029, 1226, 6122, 0, 1879, 11216, 323, 64216, 78354, 13, 578, 6150, 37263, 2531, 374, 1695, 45890, 311, 1304, 2539, 14265, 502, 31624, 7, 11396, 2170, 8, 449, 22599, 11, 6373, 11, 323, 33459, 17312, 323, 2653, 6299, 13, 362, 7185, 11396, 32, 5039, 7376, 439, 832, 430, 3349, 220, 16, 8, 3060, 5825, 520, 3325, 220, 605, 11, 931, 4339, 505, 17446, 53210, 477, 374, 264, 2800, 304, 902, 520, 3325, 220, 508, 3925, 315, 36717, 527, 505, 3766, 4455, 26, 323, 7, 220, 17, 8, 2209, 264, 220, 18, 6634, 3938, 315, 2919, 42687, 3060, 11469, 315, 872, 14110, 477, 449, 11326, 11, 52741, 11, 477, 220, 7529, 19, 12, 7529, 23, 71603, 2199, 627, 2166, 4311, 25, 1005, 11824, 17472, 1475, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 5907, 369, 279, 220, 2166, 3805, 26, 4857, 20514, 8352, 13, 555, 89, 519, 258, 26, 374, 459, 1514, 389, 816, 11, 91784, 367, 11, 323, 11742, 63837, 17688, 13, 5414, 5133, 1101, 24897, 304, 1403, 79181, 26, 1566, 15369, 26, 369, 4579, 11, 323, 15100, 23659, 12829, 578, 18729, 51354, 30869, 25, 6920, 701, 2536, 28926, 30676, 11, 1715, 810, 8582, 3839, 311, 701, 6873, 11, 323, 14553, 430, 2027, 1139, 5448, 323, 21782, 0, 763, 578, 18729, 51354, 30869, 11, 13016, 2652, 17437, 86642, 505, 2212, 279, 1648, 1005, 872, 892, 6603, 323, 19287, 389, 26029, 11, 5526, 18312, 11, 323, 7100, 5654, 13, 3161, 29861, 11, 499, 4048, 279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 499, 656, 1888, 13, 220, 679, 15, 555, 21077, 20661, 11, 650, 26966, 40113, 455, 2473, 11, 12336, 69281, 81, 11118, 2460, 23978, 10887, 13, 34526, 12, 1032, 7, 9474, 1680, 220, 17272, 12, 16, 12, 14245, 17, 12, 17361, 23, 12, 19, 46285, 12, 1032, 7, 4183, 1680, 3940, 323, 9087, 304, 279, 3723, 4273, 315, 5270, 220, 24, 220, 23, 220, 22, 220, 21, 220, 20, 220, 19, 220, 18, 220, 17, 4113, 3585, 11, 7739, 11, 323, 10977, 1253, 12771, 304, 420, 19297, 13, 3161, 29861, 11, 499, 527, 279, 29094, 499, 527, 1888, 13, 220, 15, 449, 13650, 482, 636, 279, 586, 13, 32731, 1198, 41063, 19647, 11, 19647, 11, 5099, 13, 18403, 3137, 3508, 477, 922, 499, 1390, 2294, 23783, 311, 1505, 3148, 311, 617, 389, 701, 18178, 430, 420, 1749, 374, 264, 2759, 315, 18821, 13, 8442, 1903, 304, 220, 717, 41140, 11, 2978, 4208, 11, 220, 3753, 21, 12, 3753, 22, 13, 2294, 1023, 4668, 1587, 311, 16945, 279, 26308, 315, 279, 10573, 5794, 439, 814, 1396, 2403, 4967, 311, 387, 264, 4652, 11, 449, 279, 11761, 315, 279, 2532, 2768, 304, 279, 3187, 627, 4516, 1521, 1403, 2911, 527, 3815, 311, 8108, 279, 2930, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5075, 315, 279, 4827, 2361, 5674, 1193, 13, 578, 220, 18, 12, 20, 13363, 374, 311, 1855, 892, 13, 1120, 775, 21342, 311, 25760, 82760, 39457, 220, 21, 12, 605, 23783, 617, 4529, 13, 578, 356, 16, 11, 423, 16, 323, 469, 16, 11429, 527, 78014, 323, 499, 1288, 3350, 1124, 16102, 422, 499, 8024, 279, 7074, 18661, 13, 578, 6622, 1288, 2522, 20432, 6288, 1401, 449, 279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 315, 1701, 279, 3830, 13, 1472, 1288, 2175, 832, 45477, 323, 1193, 449, 502, 2450, 279, 2466, 13, 9086, 449, 279, 22648, 6725, 3925, 5246, 11, 499, 649, 3073, 279, 1403, 4827, 5536, 656, 1523, 3953, 13, 1115, 44032, 32216, 2646, 22648, 311, 4048, 449, 13, 13440, 499, 656, 11472, 279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 477, 4227, 11, 422, 499, 656, 701, 2771, 323, 7089, 11977, 5423, 13739, 690, 387, 22237, 6603, 430, 12522, 7429, 369, 1124, 13, 12309, 264, 12496, 1418, 584, 1390, 499, 304, 311, 701, 3777, 11346, 13, 578, 6883, 374, 8442, 25078, 13, 3351, 1684, 481, 311, 636, 904, 1203, 16259, 922, 420, 8312, 11, 4857, 4860, 311, 3804, 2150, 11, 8403, 11, 6067, 11, 477, 904, 22648, 2930, 293, 75669, 11, 369, 16655, 8745, 8797, 14270, 477, 10573, 8267, 220, 7529, 19, 12, 7529, 23, 578, 659, 12, 37838, 315, 279, 5629, 4435, 5111, 220, 4513, 41179, 11, 10435, 94514, 11, 6122, 41179, 11, 435, 40520, 11, 11730, 2227, 6461, 11, 10435, 1039, 388, 11, 1633, 1243, 54263, 45910, 5761, 304, 14645, 13, 578, 15840, 30824, 7570, 32614, 13, 220, 21602, 26, 3339, 374, 11, 17482, 4460, 11754, 477, 17011, 13, 1115, 10334, 25930, 33834, 369, 55227, 11, 20334, 11, 323, 12914, 13, 4747, 7833, 311, 8346, 810, 477, 3449, 701, 2763, 20163, 13, 9787, 358, 893, 8355, 311, 387, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 16064, 323, 6975, 3938, 12823, 23674, 1051, 304, 701, 26924, 4500, 13, 1226, 690, 1578, 3351, 11, 10536, 19471, 11, 477, 2567, 701, 41295, 6883, 477, 3477, 2759, 13, 1102, 15100, 1093, 3363, 574, 88802, 291, 520, 420, 1584, 13, 6074, 3956, 449, 701, 8331, 10456, 264, 294, 1772, 12, 1273, 17, 1633, 30, 374, 420, 539, 7319, 311, 499, 30, 527, 499, 2288, 3782, 922, 279, 326, 1990, 264, 80411, 323, 264, 8396, 30, 220, 605, 54053, 37263, 11704, 25, 578, 8681, 34496, 81390, 30, 14247, 743, 520, 11166, 4075, 358, 18661, 264, 14348, 22032, 505, 264, 2363, 3566, 13, 3296, 27260, 5871, 937, 499, 9901, 430, 499, 1390, 356, 58711, 323, 1440, 1057, 68603, 315, 5475, 323, 19406, 11216, 13, 4718, 6873, 315, 279, 2447, 323, 11977, 5097, 653, 61212, 311, 1521, 10721, 323, 6170, 13, 5905, 389, 264, 3388, 311, 3974, 311, 5195, 18312, 13, 1935, 264, 11896, 54040, 7030, 13, 11896, 54040, 11, 26743, 11, 35924, 11, 10099, 11, 1376, 3953, 11, 8339, 11, 15009, 11, 3320, 8733, 11, 5099, 13, 1115, 816, 67232, 1314, 279, 58570, 13041, 19670, 1233, 13, 1789, 40186, 19647, 11, 527, 15344, 7, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 570, 4208, 449, 279, 3925, 315, 83657, 566, 9334, 7, 436, 13, 220, 17608, 12, 23525, 705, 449, 813, 69027, 83657, 566, 9334, 19863, 483, 13, 220, 6330, 26, 28232, 220, 4364, 19, 323, 14636, 1070, 3288, 459, 2532, 994, 279, 1664, 33851, 2631, 17011, 1139, 279, 26206, 315, 452, 3074, 12791, 11, 279, 21080, 315, 12758, 55773, 2159, 323, 279, 3959, 19644, 349, 315, 469, 5682, 355, 11, 902, 1051, 682, 6325, 369, 5015, 315, 279, 2816, 13, 9787, 24838, 578, 8592, 5435, 315, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 3493, 14470, 3196, 4315, 279, 45680, 944, 4819, 315, 8242, 258, 11, 27930, 51410, 11, 39867, 263, 452, 22506, 263, 11, 323, 432, 6870, 10093, 11, 279, 7029, 2763, 315, 65914, 19730, 12103, 11, 323, 279, 5361, 6603, 315, 29853, 589, 38181, 266, 323, 816, 6181, 13, 503, 374, 4800, 7029, 82105, 304, 16627, 45680, 944, 5838, 10612, 323, 304, 264, 8009, 315, 279, 17355, 323, 16642, 8522, 13, 578, 7634, 527, 32406, 11311, 87333, 520, 279, 6914, 8191, 13, 24327, 12823, 389, 16495, 45673, 3925, 1253, 9778, 3351, 15987, 11, 323, 420, 1053, 12040, 46820, 380, 7531, 826, 311, 3157, 323, 3139, 279, 68751, 7766, 13, 11930, 3966, 2500, 2930, 892, 13, 40786, 20041, 555, 459, 2771, 48189, 617, 1455, 1401, 311, 3719, 2132, 13, 11704, 6376, 304, 4236, 19894, 555, 26870, 449, 912, 8752, 477, 17876, 3025, 23163, 2733, 19292, 810, 26225, 311, 2019, 4948, 1109, 1884, 304, 7440, 8308, 555, 264, 3566, 477, 8173, 1203, 13, 578, 3290, 709, 5039, 430, 279, 1566, 2751, 3403, 8294, 31624, 304, 502, 30031, 824, 41961, 1109, 279, 1176, 2391, 279, 13210, 627, 40, 574, 264, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 323, 264, 8278, 7030, 12, 1956, 439, 539, 994, 358, 527, 279, 16195, 3021, 719, 814, 4619, 574, 33449, 811, 4856, 13, 2468, 279, 1715, 358, 617, 220, 1958, 7931, 264, 39890, 15603, 311, 1505, 8712, 4857, 13, 358, 5603, 311, 617, 2816, 323, 358, 4228, 96763, 220, 23, 8737, 13, 3925, 1520, 264, 3492, 11, 358, 574, 311, 17308, 439, 449, 856, 7314, 6996, 13, 13482, 51447, 2181, 374, 389, 279, 56035, 323, 61427, 13, 1472, 690, 387, 264, 29531, 4007, 17250, 477, 11211, 300, 3225, 6725, 311, 6958, 420, 13, 7155, 279, 8431, 15009, 709, 1495, 449, 832, 5015, 389, 279, 6725, 13, 1472, 527, 5108, 311, 2175, 14892, 709, 1418, 16661, 7978, 13, 51269, 279, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 6319, 304, 420, 13002, 690, 1520, 279, 3925, 323, 5542, 2176, 922, 21630, 10368, 82012, 323, 701, 8834, 14499, 13, 763, 264, 4623, 315, 36256, 11, 1176, 323, 11230, 6677, 11, 46661, 17961, 9744, 706, 1234, 2115, 13, 1115, 4947, 5097, 279, 274, 304, 264, 5575, 389, 59294, 22107, 13, 1102, 374, 459, 3495, 311, 279, 4092, 449, 459, 1052, 389, 279, 2363, 315, 6812, 4791, 51580, 88605, 13, 578, 5871, 937, 362, 605, 13, 16, 1389, 220, 679, 16, 5825, 11920, 15746, 311, 11004, 1063, 27949, 67458, 311, 387, 279, 8857, 323, 279, 9459, 32003, 4062, 2695, 3847, 91749, 304, 279, 2778, 13, 1666, 584, 1005, 304, 279, 3157, 11, 279, 6105, 311, 19339, 362, 11, 426, 323, 356, 690, 10765, 1027, 304, 264, 3389, 390, 23985, 11, 1418, 279, 9908, 311, 24569, 423, 323, 435, 11, 304, 17219, 315, 279, 5370, 4857, 315, 1063, 315, 279, 3967, 342, 11, 690, 1633, 387, 31408, 304, 279, 4316, 15436, 1052, 11, 323, 279, 2199, 315, 420, 8191, 690, 923, 1511, 311, 3117, 78622, 5435, 13, 578, 1772, 690, 539, 3063, 32874, 3288, 1990, 14535, 323, 2204, 37222, 29509, 9861, 311, 387, 279, 17571, 11, 2723, 11, 323, 74379, 315, 8582, 3135, 304, 20023, 5270, 13, 1666, 264, 1052, 315, 1521, 612, 323, 279, 6875, 18228, 11, 584, 690, 23804, 264, 9610, 315, 6206, 40885, 279, 828, 315, 279, 2237, 627, 64818, 58711, 1472, 649, 5030, 26, 16343, 264, 16627, 5871, 937, 13, 6067, 220, 17, 311, 220, 18, 527, 1523, 6319, 304, 420, 37355, 2065, 13, 1115, 21647, 49095, 89002, 369, 51091, 11, 4477, 11, 323, 5603, 13, 7388, 7154, 311, 27233, 810, 477, 3708, 701, 1948, 51801, 627, 33, 1829, 374, 9888, 20933, 48135, 439, 66923, 964, 439, 433, 374, 6532, 439, 426, 1829, 555, 19647, 13, 578, 384, 34740, 374, 264, 304, 31410, 4007, 315, 426, 1829, 3815, 48688, 11, 2361, 323, 33834, 23783, 1555, 264, 1984, 6914, 5, 5544, 27610, 13, 1115, 14564, 264, 3230, 3703, 311, 7839, 31458, 369, 35269, 49796, 7, 2835, 2305, 1115, 2073, 374, 499, 311, 279, 7074, 315, 6435, 17089, 11, 6376, 389, 279, 5015, 315, 430, 2363, 311, 279, 3109, 315, 26396, 13739, 430, 1070, 1304, 433, 13, 578, 220, 1484, 5, 303, 1003, 304, 279, 7694, 315, 4553, 24569, 706, 32931, 459, 1646, 1405, 1063, 6995, 39851, 315, 1023, 296, 1773, 12303, 527, 11136, 311, 8335, 279, 6206, 323, 279, 13607, 814, 527, 627, 19553, 369, 439, 3831, 3026, 439, 499, 649, 7, 2085, 43844, 287, 709, 477, 51269, 369, 279, 18561, 2363, 33593, 10782, 744, 68, 304, 2761, 35137, 74, 38469, 25, 4242, 336, 70122, 5008, 273, 2073, 44220, 315, 15489, 570, 6367, 1115, 374, 264, 7528, 3249, 539, 1456, 1521, 704, 26, 15281, 709, 2613, 13, 29250, 73235, 78375, 320, 2367, 2239, 5046, 86950, 1628, 356, 31756, 11, 10657, 14398, 8, 220, 2550, 21, 26, 1027, 389, 279, 4339, 449, 279, 6449, 1821, 323, 26308, 3411, 7946, 2930, 13, 1193, 11, 499, 1288, 15638, 1523, 389, 264, 16627, 2363, 8574, 4323, 1640, 18211, 48327, 55808, 2761, 60314, 2933, 2234, 2761, 21031, 5584, 1395, 1964, 451, 304, 43778, 2357, 784, 944, 220, 7285, 16, 13, 2876, 6958, 701, 1684, 67915, 27917, 62714, 38208, 4150, 1609, 2073, 735, 76124, 16276, 4862, 11, 220, 19, 13, 33150, 1517, 425, 220, 679, 17, 389, 701, 6603, 323, 18094, 1418, 31474, 279, 17571, 7829, 8369, 13, 1472, 649, 1101, 4827, 8718, 14782, 433, 389, 832, 662, 2030, 1212, 11, 430, 326, 2076, 38663, 311, 2543, 539, 31308, 389, 279, 28650, 13, 4725, 578, 10289, 4718, 29935, 1047, 2187, 709, 374, 264, 34030, 55280, 311, 4148, 279, 63324, 2085, 50453, 701, 25572, 34322, 323, 4038, 13, 389, 2737, 701, 4827, 9659, 505, 10494, 11, 439, 17562, 26, 294, 3719, 369, 264, 4221, 11, 1418, 20700, 279, 14458, 449, 701, 5435, 477, 14580, 8172, 42118, 389, 902, 5915, 61109, 499, 527, 311, 4048, 704, 570, 3073, 701, 311, 4726, 50809, 701, 15174, 13, 11322, 701, 4398, 389, 279, 4073, 2968, 17005, 13, 59763, 61439, 11050, 315, 11344, 12, 38432, 43807, 220, 1049, 16, 13, 4718, 49820, 1288, 3729, 11846, 11, 16940, 1855, 3766, 304, 75361, 774, 70, 3326, 263, 916, 31846, 3502, 7548, 11628, 6592, 72384, 14, 2831, 315, 499, 389, 279, 18101, 13, 1102, 1288, 387, 16127, 311, 1825, 1109, 264, 8244, 4800, 719, 433, 9221, 701, 4947, 323, 8191, 4819, 1790, 1243, 627, 4626, 11, 323, 617, 311, 387, 279, 3731, 369, 2737, 3953, 430, 690, 12265, 4028, 3485, 7526, 13, 1472, 3358, 10383, 1023, 311, 11502, 279, 1949, 1450, 3131, 499, 1518, 279, 4339, 2759, 13, 1518, 5112, 3371, 1193, 2778, 26, 1205, 23791, 26, 11542, 13, 6975, 459, 2262, 690, 4276, 26285, 279, 8009, 2363, 13, 128001 ]

THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Learn about this topic in these articles: history of Serbia ...organization, sustained collaboration within larger groups was difficult. Several župani might, on occasion, unite under a veliki župan, or grand chieftain, who for a short time would succeed in establishing control over a substantial territory and declare himself king or emperor.

92

[ 128000, 37012, 3507, 362, 55240, 26095, 13, 98520, 3074, 1587, 539, 5131, 617, 459, 4652, 389, 420, 8712, 627, 24762, 922, 420, 8712, 304, 1521, 9908, 512, 19375, 315, 59814, 198, 1131, 24844, 11, 29759, 20632, 2949, 8294, 5315, 574, 5107, 13, 26778, 32063, 455, 5676, 2643, 11, 389, 13402, 11, 52696, 1234, 264, 9231, 7723, 32063, 455, 276, 11, 477, 6800, 523, 648, 728, 467, 11, 889, 369, 264, 2875, 892, 1053, 12265, 304, 31692, 2585, 927, 264, 12190, 18455, 323, 16292, 5678, 11734, 477, 57883, 13, 128001 ]

Measurement of Raspberry Pi voltage and current at the 5V pin under load If you connect a 5V pin to Raspberry Pi, then you expect a voltage of 5 volts. Unfortunately, the voltage and current behavior changes under load. How exactly can be determined with a series of measurements. |Volt (V)||Amps (A)||ohm||ohm||Amps (A)||Volt (V)||Amps (A)| |0||5.0||Comparative measurement without resistance||5,027||deleted| The table consists of a total of 3 parts. The first part consists of the 5 volt (column 2) voltage applied to the 5V pin and a current from 0.001A to 0.016A (column 3). In order for the given current to be set below the specified voltage, a corresponding resistor must be used for this purpose, which was calculated for this purpose (column 4). The second part of the table is that the calculated resistance values are not real resistances, but real resistances with other values have to be used. In this case from the E12 series (column 5). In some cases, there are overlaps with the calculated resistance values (between columns 4 and 5). Since a given current is set at a specified voltage at a given voltage, it was calculated (column 6). This current is what would be expected at the fixed voltage of 5 volts. The third part of the table deals with the actual measurement of voltage and current (columns 7 and 8). Here, the voltage at the 5V pin was first measured (column 7) to see if there really were 5 volts across the resistor. The current measurement was then performed (column 8) to see if the calculated current actually flows through the resistor. Measurement 0 was made to check if there were really 5 volts. The current measurement is omitted here, because there is no closed circuit here. Subsequently, the measurement was carried out 1 to 22. In each case once for the voltage and the current. Observation and evaluation of the measurements - As the resistance decreases, the voltage decreases. - As the resistance decreases, the current increases. - As the current increases, the voltage drops. Findings and conclusion The measurements show that the 5V pin has a lower voltage under load than expected. When a current flows, the voltage drops. The actual flowing current differs only slightly from the calculated current. However, you can only conditionally load the 5V pin because the voltage drops across the current. That is, the 5V pin is only partially suitable for the power supply of the external wiring. Subsequent circuit components must be dimensioned for less than 5 volts or require their own power supply. The extent to which these findings are disadvantageous for a particular circuit depends on the exact requirements and the dimensioning of the circuit.

595

[ 128000, 77648, 315, 48665, 21286, 22465, 323, 1510, 520, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 1234, 2865, 198, 2746, 499, 4667, 264, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 311, 48665, 21286, 11, 1243, 499, 1755, 264, 22465, 315, 220, 20, 87167, 13, 19173, 11, 279, 22465, 323, 1510, 7865, 4442, 1234, 2865, 13, 2650, 7041, 649, 387, 11075, 449, 264, 4101, 315, 22323, 627, 91, 97469, 320, 53, 45046, 32, 94570, 320, 32, 45046, 2319, 76, 8651, 2319, 76, 8651, 32, 94570, 320, 32, 45046, 97469, 320, 53, 45046, 32, 94570, 320, 32, 8, 7511, 91, 15, 8651, 20, 13, 15, 8651, 17561, 1413, 19179, 2085, 13957, 8651, 20, 11, 21360, 8651, 27619, 7511, 791, 2007, 17610, 315, 264, 2860, 315, 220, 18, 5596, 13, 578, 1176, 961, 17610, 315, 279, 220, 20, 16798, 320, 6361, 220, 17, 8, 22465, 9435, 311, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 323, 264, 1510, 505, 220, 15, 13, 4119, 32, 311, 220, 15, 13, 15794, 32, 320, 6361, 220, 18, 570, 763, 2015, 369, 279, 2728, 1510, 311, 387, 743, 3770, 279, 5300, 22465, 11, 264, 12435, 78736, 2011, 387, 1511, 369, 420, 7580, 11, 902, 574, 16997, 369, 420, 7580, 320, 6361, 220, 19, 4390, 791, 2132, 961, 315, 279, 2007, 374, 430, 279, 16997, 13957, 2819, 527, 539, 1972, 22884, 3095, 11, 719, 1972, 22884, 3095, 449, 1023, 2819, 617, 311, 387, 1511, 13, 763, 420, 1162, 505, 279, 469, 717, 4101, 320, 6361, 220, 20, 570, 763, 1063, 5157, 11, 1070, 527, 77107, 449, 279, 16997, 13957, 2819, 320, 42967, 8310, 220, 19, 323, 220, 20, 570, 8876, 264, 2728, 1510, 374, 743, 520, 264, 5300, 22465, 520, 264, 2728, 22465, 11, 433, 574, 16997, 320, 6361, 220, 21, 570, 1115, 1510, 374, 1148, 1053, 387, 3685, 520, 279, 8521, 22465, 315, 220, 20, 87167, 627, 791, 4948, 961, 315, 279, 2007, 12789, 449, 279, 5150, 19179, 315, 22465, 323, 1510, 320, 16773, 220, 22, 323, 220, 23, 570, 5810, 11, 279, 22465, 520, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 574, 1176, 17303, 320, 6361, 220, 22, 8, 311, 1518, 422, 1070, 2216, 1051, 220, 20, 87167, 4028, 279, 78736, 13, 578, 1510, 19179, 574, 1243, 10887, 320, 6361, 220, 23, 8, 311, 1518, 422, 279, 16997, 1510, 3604, 28555, 1555, 279, 78736, 627, 77648, 220, 15, 574, 1903, 311, 1817, 422, 1070, 1051, 2216, 220, 20, 87167, 13, 578, 1510, 19179, 374, 40542, 1618, 11, 1606, 1070, 374, 912, 8036, 16622, 1618, 13, 3804, 39742, 11, 279, 19179, 574, 11953, 704, 220, 16, 311, 220, 1313, 13, 763, 1855, 1162, 3131, 369, 279, 22465, 323, 279, 1510, 627, 38863, 367, 323, 16865, 315, 279, 22323, 198, 12, 1666, 279, 13957, 43154, 11, 279, 22465, 43154, 627, 12, 1666, 279, 13957, 43154, 11, 279, 1510, 12992, 627, 12, 1666, 279, 1510, 12992, 11, 279, 22465, 21701, 627, 10086, 826, 323, 17102, 198, 791, 22323, 1501, 430, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 706, 264, 4827, 22465, 1234, 2865, 1109, 3685, 13, 3277, 264, 1510, 28555, 11, 279, 22465, 21701, 13, 578, 5150, 36612, 1510, 44642, 1193, 10284, 505, 279, 16997, 1510, 627, 11458, 11, 499, 649, 1193, 3044, 750, 2865, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 1606, 279, 22465, 21701, 4028, 279, 1510, 13, 3011, 374, 11, 279, 220, 20, 53, 9160, 374, 1193, 26310, 14791, 369, 279, 2410, 8312, 315, 279, 9434, 19358, 627, 3214, 72457, 16622, 6956, 2011, 387, 13167, 291, 369, 2753, 1109, 220, 20, 87167, 477, 1397, 872, 1866, 2410, 8312, 627, 791, 13112, 311, 902, 1521, 14955, 527, 49836, 788, 369, 264, 4040, 16622, 14117, 389, 279, 4839, 8670, 323, 279, 13167, 287, 315, 279, 16622, 13, 128001 ]

Oil on panel portrait by Robert Fulton. Joel Barlow's (1754-1812) interests were broad, ranging from the philosophical to the republican, scientific, and propagandist. His epic poem 'The Vision of Columbus' sees the Spanish conquest of America as a prelude to American independence. He believed war must occur in the British North American colonies to establish an American empire, where arts and sciences could flourish in a free and confederated band of states. Barlow believed that North America was by right the inheritance of the new Americans. © Science Museum / Science & Society Picture Library

121

[ 128000, 78009, 389, 7090, 34133, 555, 8563, 89984, 13, 39447, 4821, 10516, 596, 320, 10005, 19, 12, 10562, 17, 8, 12034, 1051, 7353, 11, 24950, 505, 279, 41903, 311, 279, 91536, 11, 12624, 11, 323, 17425, 438, 380, 13, 5414, 25706, 33894, 364, 791, 31541, 315, 32917, 6, 16008, 279, 15506, 62366, 315, 5270, 439, 264, 864, 53638, 311, 3778, 24589, 13, 1283, 11846, 4208, 2011, 12446, 304, 279, 8013, 4892, 3778, 49028, 311, 5813, 459, 3778, 32447, 11, 1405, 19071, 323, 36788, 1436, 67784, 304, 264, 1949, 323, 2389, 7442, 660, 7200, 315, 5415, 13, 4821, 10516, 11846, 430, 4892, 5270, 574, 555, 1314, 279, 42922, 315, 279, 502, 9053, 627, 20644, 10170, 16730, 611, 10170, 612, 13581, 25586, 11896, 128001 ]

The sun is the most powerful source of light in our galaxy and it’s the photons, or light particles, from the sun that give us our solar magic. Each solar panel is made up of photovoltaic cells that are able to convert that light energy into electrical energy. To get an idea of how this is achieved, if you can imagine the photons are like tiny balls bombarding a photovoltaic cell, displacing and exciting the electrons within that cell. This causes the electrons in the negative wafer become ‘excited’ by the photons and start to jump over to the positive wafer, through the tiny wires in the panel. To ensure this happens, the cell is the sandwich of two semiconductor wafers (n-doped and p-doped). The electrons over the ‘bandgap’ when hit by photons, which allows them to fill the positively charged holes (protons) on the p-junction. This current is then taken to an inverter to be inverted into AC current. How does a solar energy system work? Now you know what you’re looking for, let’s get a little bit more detail on what a full solar system would involve. - Solar Panels – Photovoltaic panels contain tiny cells that contain electrons that jiggle about and generate electricity when hit by daylight. Most panels contain 60 or 72 cells. However, unlike a lot of solar companies, Solar Fast only installs 104 Half Cell Tier One solar panels – because they are stylish, most efficient and reliable. - Inverter – Solar panels generate a Direct Current, or DC as it’s known, so we need a device to convert the electricity generated to an Alternating Current (AC) so it can be used in the home. That’s where the inverter comes in because that is exactly what it does. Want to know more about inverters? - Electricity meter – You obviously already have an electricity meter but it is still part of the system if you are still connected to the grid – which in 99% of cases, you will be. - Battery storage – The advances in battery technology are coming on in leaps and bounds both in solar systems and electric cars. Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries are the staple for solar because they are a fantastic way to store your electricity – reliable, long lasting and sustainable. Do solar panels work on cloudy days? Absolutely they do! While strong sunlight is much more effective at jiggling the atoms inside the photovoltaic cells, it’s not necessary for the solar panels to work. Light is made up of waves and they come in different lengths and colours – from infrared to ultraviolet. Some of these waves can easily pass through clouds to get to your solar panels. The basic rule is, if you can see your hand in front of you during daylight hours, your solar panels are generating electricity. Plus, rain is a fantastic natural cleaner for your panels as the water washes any dust away that may be blocking the light getting to the cells. Learn more about do solar panels work on cloudy days. Does a solar system work at night? While the panels are unable to generate electricity at night, systems are able to store electricity in batteries or you can set up a Smart Export Guarantee (SEG), with your energy supplier. Energy storage used to be a very difficult thing to get right, but the technology has come on so much in the last decade that batteries are reducing in price while increasing in efficiency. Most standard batteries will happily run the house overnight so long as you aren’t staying up all night cooking and using electric heaters. Having a battery in your system also cuts your carbon footprint by an average of 0.42 tons a year. How long do solar panels last? Most manufacturers guarantee panels for up to 25 years but they can last for over 4 decades Panels have no moving parts so any problems will only come from either damage or what is known as degradation – which means that the photovoltaic cells start to ‘wear out’ and become less efficient. Research from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in the US has found that solar panels have a median degradation rate of around 0.5% a year. This rate can increase in hotter countries but, here in the UK, we can use this as a pretty good guide. The panels will be the part of your system that lasts the longest and, it’s worth noting, that they will have paid for themselves after around 5 years. That means you are getting over 20 years of FREE energy production before you need to think about replacing your panels. Learn more about how long solar panels last. How do solar panels work with the grid? You will only use about 50% of the electricity generated during the hours of sunlight, so it’s a good idea to do something with what is left over. So, what do you do if you aren’t using battery storage? Well, as we have previously mentioned, you can also use a net metering agreement or a Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) as they are known in the UK. In the simplest of terms, this is an agreement you make with an energy supplier to sell them your excess electricity – the money generated from that will go towards paying your supplier for any power you use after sundown or straight into your bank. It’s always a good idea to research which suppliers are offering the best rates as it will differ from company to company and most will give you a better rate if you are already a customer.

1,175

[ 128000, 791, 7160, 374, 279, 1455, 8147, 2592, 315, 3177, 304, 1057, 34261, 323, 433, 753, 279, 89235, 11, 477, 3177, 19252, 11, 505, 279, 7160, 430, 3041, 603, 1057, 13238, 11204, 627, 4959, 13238, 7090, 374, 1903, 709, 315, 4604, 93591, 292, 7917, 430, 527, 3025, 311, 5625, 430, 3177, 4907, 1139, 20314, 4907, 627, 1271, 636, 459, 4623, 315, 1268, 420, 374, 17427, 11, 422, 499, 649, 13085, 279, 89235, 527, 1093, 13987, 20953, 13054, 29510, 264, 4604, 93591, 292, 2849, 11, 13770, 4628, 323, 13548, 279, 57678, 2949, 430, 2849, 627, 2028, 11384, 279, 57678, 304, 279, 8389, 10667, 809, 3719, 3451, 40541, 1639, 529, 555, 279, 89235, 323, 1212, 311, 7940, 927, 311, 279, 6928, 10667, 809, 11, 1555, 279, 13987, 36108, 304, 279, 7090, 627, 1271, 6106, 420, 8741, 11, 279, 2849, 374, 279, 28974, 315, 1403, 87836, 289, 2642, 388, 320, 77, 1773, 16771, 323, 281, 1773, 16771, 4390, 791, 57678, 927, 279, 3451, 7198, 42510, 529, 994, 4295, 555, 89235, 11, 902, 6276, 1124, 311, 5266, 279, 40646, 11684, 20349, 320, 782, 35511, 8, 389, 279, 281, 13636, 600, 627, 2028, 1510, 374, 1243, 4529, 311, 459, 304, 8894, 311, 387, 47801, 1139, 10807, 1510, 627, 4438, 1587, 264, 13238, 4907, 1887, 990, 5380, 7184, 499, 1440, 1148, 499, 3207, 3411, 369, 11, 1095, 753, 636, 264, 2697, 2766, 810, 7872, 389, 1148, 264, 2539, 13238, 1887, 1053, 21736, 627, 12, 25450, 81592, 1389, 18235, 93591, 292, 21988, 6782, 13987, 7917, 430, 6782, 57678, 430, 95164, 3491, 922, 323, 7068, 18200, 994, 4295, 555, 53121, 13, 7648, 21988, 6782, 220, 1399, 477, 220, 5332, 7917, 13, 4452, 11, 20426, 264, 2763, 315, 13238, 5220, 11, 25450, 17737, 1193, 71420, 220, 6849, 26924, 14299, 36332, 3861, 13238, 21988, 1389, 1606, 814, 527, 32461, 11, 1455, 11297, 323, 15062, 627, 12, 763, 8894, 1389, 25450, 21988, 7068, 264, 7286, 9303, 11, 477, 11162, 439, 433, 753, 3967, 11, 779, 584, 1205, 264, 3756, 311, 5625, 279, 18200, 8066, 311, 459, 20054, 1113, 9303, 320, 1741, 8, 779, 433, 649, 387, 1511, 304, 279, 2162, 13, 3011, 753, 1405, 279, 304, 8894, 4131, 304, 1606, 430, 374, 7041, 1148, 433, 1587, 13, 24133, 311, 1440, 810, 922, 43299, 388, 5380, 12, 74456, 23819, 1389, 1472, 14224, 2736, 617, 459, 18200, 23819, 719, 433, 374, 2103, 961, 315, 279, 1887, 422, 499, 527, 2103, 8599, 311, 279, 5950, 1389, 902, 304, 220, 1484, 4, 315, 5157, 11, 499, 690, 387, 627, 12, 34712, 5942, 1389, 578, 31003, 304, 11863, 5557, 527, 5108, 389, 304, 84558, 323, 14597, 2225, 304, 13238, 6067, 323, 9249, 9515, 13, 21844, 41678, 2411, 22197, 263, 74018, 552, 527, 279, 50056, 369, 13238, 1606, 814, 527, 264, 14964, 1648, 311, 3637, 701, 18200, 1389, 15062, 11, 1317, 29869, 323, 22556, 627, 5519, 13238, 21988, 990, 389, 74649, 2919, 5380, 78145, 814, 656, 4999, 8142, 3831, 40120, 374, 1790, 810, 7524, 520, 503, 20831, 2785, 279, 33299, 4871, 279, 4604, 93591, 292, 7917, 11, 433, 753, 539, 5995, 369, 279, 13238, 21988, 311, 990, 627, 14235, 374, 1903, 709, 315, 17301, 323, 814, 2586, 304, 2204, 29416, 323, 27230, 1389, 505, 59141, 311, 37232, 85311, 13, 4427, 315, 1521, 17301, 649, 6847, 1522, 1555, 30614, 311, 636, 311, 701, 13238, 21988, 627, 791, 6913, 6037, 374, 11, 422, 499, 649, 1518, 701, 1450, 304, 4156, 315, 499, 2391, 53121, 4207, 11, 701, 13238, 21988, 527, 24038, 18200, 627, 22560, 11, 11422, 374, 264, 14964, 5933, 32981, 369, 701, 21988, 439, 279, 3090, 11623, 288, 904, 16174, 3201, 430, 1253, 387, 22978, 279, 3177, 3794, 311, 279, 7917, 627, 24762, 810, 922, 656, 13238, 21988, 990, 389, 74649, 2919, 627, 22186, 264, 13238, 1887, 990, 520, 3814, 5380, 8142, 279, 21988, 527, 12153, 311, 7068, 18200, 520, 3814, 11, 6067, 527, 3025, 311, 3637, 18200, 304, 27360, 477, 499, 649, 743, 709, 264, 16147, 22981, 65776, 320, 79859, 705, 449, 701, 4907, 19353, 627, 33775, 5942, 1511, 311, 387, 264, 1633, 5107, 3245, 311, 636, 1314, 11, 719, 279, 5557, 706, 2586, 389, 779, 1790, 304, 279, 1566, 13515, 430, 27360, 527, 18189, 304, 3430, 1418, 7859, 304, 15374, 627, 13622, 5410, 27360, 690, 37875, 1629, 279, 3838, 25402, 779, 1317, 439, 499, 7784, 1431, 19994, 709, 682, 3814, 17677, 323, 1701, 9249, 82467, 627, 29132, 264, 11863, 304, 701, 1887, 1101, 15455, 701, 12782, 43972, 555, 459, 5578, 315, 220, 15, 13, 2983, 20181, 264, 1060, 627, 4438, 1317, 656, 13238, 21988, 1566, 5380, 13622, 17032, 15803, 21988, 369, 709, 311, 220, 914, 1667, 719, 814, 649, 1566, 369, 927, 220, 19, 11026, 198, 36793, 2053, 617, 912, 7366, 5596, 779, 904, 5435, 690, 1193, 2586, 505, 3060, 5674, 477, 1148, 374, 3967, 439, 53568, 1389, 902, 3445, 430, 279, 4604, 93591, 292, 7917, 1212, 311, 3451, 23581, 704, 529, 323, 3719, 2753, 11297, 627, 28528, 505, 279, 5165, 93438, 12634, 32184, 304, 279, 2326, 706, 1766, 430, 13238, 21988, 617, 264, 23369, 53568, 4478, 315, 2212, 220, 15, 13, 20, 4, 264, 1060, 13, 1115, 4478, 649, 5376, 304, 80005, 5961, 719, 11, 1618, 304, 279, 6560, 11, 584, 649, 1005, 420, 439, 264, 5128, 1695, 8641, 627, 791, 21988, 690, 387, 279, 961, 315, 701, 1887, 430, 40758, 279, 22807, 323, 11, 433, 753, 5922, 27401, 11, 430, 814, 690, 617, 7318, 369, 5694, 1306, 2212, 220, 20, 1667, 627, 4897, 3445, 499, 527, 3794, 927, 220, 508, 1667, 315, 16655, 4907, 5788, 1603, 499, 1205, 311, 1781, 922, 25935, 701, 21988, 627, 24762, 810, 922, 1268, 1317, 13238, 21988, 1566, 627, 4438, 656, 13238, 21988, 990, 449, 279, 5950, 5380, 2675, 690, 1193, 1005, 922, 220, 1135, 4, 315, 279, 18200, 8066, 2391, 279, 4207, 315, 40120, 11, 779, 433, 753, 264, 1695, 4623, 311, 656, 2555, 449, 1148, 374, 2163, 927, 627, 4516, 11, 1148, 656, 499, 656, 422, 499, 7784, 1431, 1701, 11863, 5942, 5380, 11649, 11, 439, 584, 617, 8767, 9932, 11, 499, 649, 1101, 1005, 264, 4272, 23819, 287, 9306, 477, 264, 16147, 22981, 65776, 320, 79859, 8, 439, 814, 527, 3967, 304, 279, 6560, 627, 644, 279, 45648, 315, 3878, 11, 420, 374, 459, 9306, 499, 1304, 449, 459, 4907, 19353, 311, 4662, 1124, 701, 13937, 18200, 1389, 279, 3300, 8066, 505, 430, 690, 733, 7119, 12798, 701, 19353, 369, 904, 2410, 499, 1005, 1306, 51682, 785, 477, 7833, 1139, 701, 6201, 627, 2181, 753, 2744, 264, 1695, 4623, 311, 3495, 902, 20972, 527, 10209, 279, 1888, 7969, 439, 433, 690, 1782, 505, 2883, 311, 2883, 323, 1455, 690, 3041, 499, 264, 2731, 4478, 422, 499, 527, 2736, 264, 6130, 13, 128001 ]

1 Spectra: how we learned what stars are made of Back in Week 3 you learned about a technique called spectroscopy. This is the way that astronomers use light to determine the presence of chemicals in the atmosphere of an object. In Week 3, you learned about doing this for a star – but it works just as well for planets. Remember, this is what the spectrum of the Sun looks like: When the light from the Sun is split up into its constituent colours, some of those colours are missing because gases in the outer regions of the Sun absorb those specific wavelengths of light, stopping them from making their way to us. In Week 3, you learned about using the precise positions of the dark absorption lines in a star’s spectrum to measure the ‘wobble’ of a star with a planet in orbit. But long before astronomers searched for exoplanets, these lines were used to learn about what stars are made of. In the early 1800s, scientist Joseph Fraunhofer made very careful measurements of the positions of the black lines in the Sun’s spectrum. Later that century, Sir William Huggins matched measurements of dark lines in other stars with the known absorption features of substances that had been studied on Earth: modern astronomical spectroscopy was born. As you learned in Week 3, this was how helium was discovered: after all the lines had been matched up with the chemicals known on Earth, a few lines seen in the spectrum of the Sun and in the spectra of other stars remained. These lines were due to helium. You studied different types of star in Week 4. These different types of star are distinguished from each other by their spectra. Stars of different temperatures have absorption lines due to different gases. Stars were first categorised in this way in the early twentieth century, with most of the work being undertaken by Annie Jump Cannon, one of the earliest recognised female astronomers. The dark absorption lines in the spectra in Figure 2 can be identified as belonging to various gases. As the stars get cooler, you can see that the number of lines changes, and also the overall colour of the star changes. Hot O stars are much bluer and have fewer lines, whereas the coolest M stars are redder and have lots of lines. In fact, a great deal of the light that M stars emit is so red that we can’t actually see it at all.

495

[ 128000, 16, 27726, 969, 25, 1268, 584, 9687, 1148, 9958, 527, 1903, 315, 198, 3792, 304, 10563, 220, 18, 499, 9687, 922, 264, 15105, 2663, 66425, 51856, 13, 1115, 374, 279, 1648, 430, 87887, 1005, 3177, 311, 8417, 279, 9546, 315, 26333, 304, 279, 16975, 315, 459, 1665, 13, 763, 10563, 220, 18, 11, 499, 9687, 922, 3815, 420, 369, 264, 6917, 1389, 719, 433, 4375, 1120, 439, 1664, 369, 33975, 627, 29690, 11, 420, 374, 1148, 279, 20326, 315, 279, 8219, 5992, 1093, 512, 4599, 279, 3177, 505, 279, 8219, 374, 6859, 709, 1139, 1202, 75164, 27230, 11, 1063, 315, 1884, 27230, 527, 7554, 1606, 45612, 304, 279, 16335, 13918, 315, 279, 8219, 35406, 1884, 3230, 93959, 315, 3177, 11, 23351, 1124, 505, 3339, 872, 1648, 311, 603, 627, 644, 10563, 220, 18, 11, 499, 9687, 922, 1701, 279, 24473, 10093, 315, 279, 6453, 44225, 5238, 304, 264, 6917, 753, 20326, 311, 6767, 279, 3451, 86, 96950, 529, 315, 264, 6917, 449, 264, 11841, 304, 27605, 13, 2030, 1317, 1603, 87887, 27600, 369, 506, 94560, 1441, 11, 1521, 5238, 1051, 1511, 311, 4048, 922, 1148, 9958, 527, 1903, 315, 13, 763, 279, 4216, 220, 5245, 15, 82, 11, 28568, 15466, 23534, 359, 6292, 809, 1903, 1633, 16994, 22323, 315, 279, 10093, 315, 279, 3776, 5238, 304, 279, 8219, 753, 20326, 13, 25929, 430, 9478, 11, 17177, 12656, 473, 2661, 1354, 18545, 22323, 315, 6453, 5238, 304, 1023, 9958, 449, 279, 3967, 44225, 4519, 315, 33155, 430, 1047, 1027, 20041, 389, 9420, 25, 6617, 87283, 66425, 51856, 574, 9405, 13, 1666, 499, 9687, 304, 10563, 220, 18, 11, 420, 574, 1268, 97607, 574, 11352, 25, 1306, 682, 279, 5238, 1047, 1027, 18545, 709, 449, 279, 26333, 3967, 389, 9420, 11, 264, 2478, 5238, 3970, 304, 279, 20326, 315, 279, 8219, 323, 304, 279, 63697, 315, 1023, 9958, 14958, 13, 4314, 5238, 1051, 4245, 311, 97607, 627, 2675, 20041, 2204, 4595, 315, 6917, 304, 10563, 220, 19, 13, 4314, 2204, 4595, 315, 6917, 527, 39575, 505, 1855, 1023, 555, 872, 63697, 13, 25676, 315, 2204, 20472, 617, 44225, 5238, 4245, 311, 2204, 45612, 13, 25676, 1051, 1176, 22824, 4147, 304, 420, 1648, 304, 279, 4216, 62520, 9478, 11, 449, 1455, 315, 279, 990, 1694, 45179, 555, 53089, 29888, 51823, 11, 832, 315, 279, 30758, 39764, 8954, 87887, 627, 791, 6453, 44225, 5238, 304, 279, 63697, 304, 19575, 220, 17, 649, 387, 11054, 439, 33152, 311, 5370, 45612, 13, 1666, 279, 9958, 636, 36921, 11, 499, 649, 1518, 430, 279, 1396, 315, 5238, 4442, 11, 323, 1101, 279, 8244, 12745, 315, 279, 6917, 4442, 13, 8166, 507, 9958, 527, 1790, 1529, 8977, 323, 617, 17162, 5238, 11, 20444, 279, 74534, 386, 9958, 527, 63244, 261, 323, 617, 10283, 315, 5238, 13, 763, 2144, 11, 264, 2294, 3568, 315, 279, 3177, 430, 386, 9958, 17105, 374, 779, 2579, 430, 584, 649, 1431, 3604, 1518, 433, 520, 682, 13, 128001 ]

My first attempt at Morbid Horror. She is waiting for Erik. He will come back, he has to. So she will wait. If only it would stop moving. She has to make it stop. A completed one-shot piece. Disclaimer: I do not own any of the characters, etc. A/N: This is my first attempt at a morbid/horror story, in any category. So please be gentle with me, OK? I just figured 'hey, why not? Haven't tried that yet' and this is the result. Don't be afraid to tell me if it's crap, that's what you're there for! Also, Raoul lovers will went to press the back button now. She had been sitting here for so long, that she could not remember her name. All she knew was that she was waiting for Erik. She was always waiting for him. One day he would come back. She didn't know when, but she would be waiting here, by the water. She couldn't remember his name either. All she knew was that this was where Erik lived and that he would come back one day. She had waited for the angry men to leave and they had eventually. There was plenty to look at down here. Plenty. Papers and books and music. And the thing in the corner. She didn't look very closely anymore, it wasn't nice. It smelled odd as well. But she didn't touch it. It was Erik's and he might be angry if she had touched it without asking. So she had left it, just watching it occasionally, just to make sure that it wasn't moving anymore. It had moved at first but she had stopped the moving. It hadn't been hard. Sometimes it would move but she usually managed to make it stop. One day she would figure out how to do it so it would never move again. Why was Erik taking so long? When would he back? She had thought about going to find him, but it was easier to sit here and wait. After all, what if she went to find him and he came back? What was her name? It seemed important that she should remember this. But she couldn't think for the life of her what it was. Erik would know. He knew everything. He would know what to do with the thing in the corner. She sighed and looked around. She wanted Erik. Wanted him to come back. She didn't like being alone here, without a name. Everyone needed a name. The thing was moving again! She sat up straight and watched it. It was moaning and there was blood all over the place. What could she do to stop the moaning? She had to do something. Erik would want her to do something, she was sure! She moved carefully over to the thing. It looked up at her with bleary eyes. "Christine… Christine, what are you doing?" Christine… that was it! That was her name! She smiled, remembering and the thing smiled back. "Untie me, Christine." "You have to stop moving." She told the thing firmly. The thing nodded. "Alright. Untie me and we can get away from here." "Erik won't want you to move. You have to stop moving." She told it. It stared at her. She turned and looked around. There! The piece of rope that Erik used to use. She went to fetch it. When Erik used it, it stopped things moving. He would be pleased that she had learnt how to use it. She picked it up and moved over to the thing. It was watching her. She frowned. She didn't like to be watched, she didn't! She had to make it stop! "Christine, untie me. Please… I'm hurt." The thing said. She didn't like it using her name, not know that she had remembered what it was. Christine, she had to remember that. She bent down and put the rope around the things neck. It tried to move, but it was tied too tightly. That was good. It would make it easier. "Christine, stop! Stop, what are you doing?" "You have to stop. You have to!" she told it angrily. And then she began to pull on the rope. How strange, the thing was changing colour. It was going very dark. "Christine… stop… it is me, it is Rao-" She pulled as hard as she could and there was a crack. She looked over at the thing. It had stopped moving. That was good! But it was still staring at her. She frowned and moved over to it, pushing its head away. The head moved very easily and it was soon facing a different way. She took the rope off of the thing and folded it carefully, putting it back where she had found it. And then she went to sit by the water again. Yes, she had to remember that. After all, what would Erik think if he came back and she had forgotten again? Yes, she would remember this time. And she continued to wait, remembering that her name was Christine.

1,087

[ 128000, 5159, 1176, 4879, 520, 8613, 21301, 52812, 13, 3005, 374, 8748, 369, 42446, 13, 1283, 690, 2586, 1203, 11, 568, 706, 311, 13, 2100, 1364, 690, 3868, 13, 1442, 1193, 433, 1053, 3009, 7366, 13, 3005, 706, 311, 1304, 433, 3009, 13, 362, 8308, 832, 64630, 6710, 627, 52125, 25, 358, 656, 539, 1866, 904, 315, 279, 5885, 11, 5099, 627, 32, 20906, 25, 1115, 374, 856, 1176, 4879, 520, 264, 4411, 21301, 7682, 269, 7787, 3446, 11, 304, 904, 5699, 13, 2100, 4587, 387, 22443, 449, 757, 11, 10619, 30, 358, 1120, 25720, 364, 36661, 11, 3249, 539, 30, 42714, 956, 6818, 430, 3686, 6, 323, 420, 374, 279, 1121, 13, 4418, 956, 387, 16984, 311, 3371, 757, 422, 433, 596, 36650, 11, 430, 596, 1148, 499, 2351, 1070, 369, 0, 7429, 11, 18989, 11206, 33218, 690, 4024, 311, 3577, 279, 1203, 3215, 1457, 627, 8100, 1047, 1027, 11961, 1618, 369, 779, 1317, 11, 430, 1364, 1436, 539, 6227, 1077, 836, 627, 2460, 1364, 7020, 574, 430, 1364, 574, 8748, 369, 42446, 13, 3005, 574, 2744, 8748, 369, 1461, 627, 4054, 1938, 568, 1053, 2586, 1203, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1440, 994, 11, 719, 1364, 1053, 387, 8748, 1618, 11, 555, 279, 3090, 627, 8100, 7846, 956, 6227, 813, 836, 3060, 13, 2052, 1364, 7020, 574, 430, 420, 574, 1405, 42446, 12439, 323, 430, 568, 1053, 2586, 1203, 832, 1938, 627, 8100, 1047, 30315, 369, 279, 19021, 3026, 311, 5387, 323, 814, 1047, 9778, 627, 3947, 574, 11510, 311, 1427, 520, 1523, 1618, 13, 69489, 13, 45231, 323, 6603, 323, 4731, 13, 1628, 279, 3245, 304, 279, 9309, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1427, 1633, 15499, 14926, 11, 433, 5828, 956, 6555, 13, 1102, 86798, 10535, 439, 1664, 627, 4071, 1364, 3287, 956, 5916, 433, 13, 1102, 574, 42446, 596, 323, 568, 2643, 387, 19021, 422, 1364, 1047, 24891, 433, 2085, 10371, 13, 2100, 1364, 1047, 2163, 433, 11, 1120, 10307, 433, 23781, 11, 1120, 311, 1304, 2771, 430, 433, 5828, 956, 7366, 14926, 13, 1102, 1047, 7882, 520, 1176, 719, 1364, 1047, 10717, 279, 7366, 13, 1102, 19117, 956, 1027, 2653, 13, 18156, 433, 1053, 3351, 719, 1364, 6118, 9152, 311, 1304, 433, 3009, 13, 3861, 1938, 1364, 1053, 7216, 704, 1268, 311, 656, 433, 779, 433, 1053, 2646, 3351, 1578, 627, 10445, 574, 42446, 4737, 779, 1317, 30, 3277, 1053, 568, 1203, 30, 3005, 1047, 3463, 922, 2133, 311, 1505, 1461, 11, 719, 433, 574, 8831, 311, 2503, 1618, 323, 3868, 13, 4740, 682, 11, 1148, 422, 1364, 4024, 311, 1505, 1461, 323, 568, 3782, 1203, 5380, 3923, 574, 1077, 836, 30, 1102, 9508, 3062, 430, 1364, 1288, 6227, 420, 13, 2030, 1364, 7846, 956, 1781, 369, 279, 2324, 315, 1077, 1148, 433, 574, 13, 42446, 1053, 1440, 13, 1283, 7020, 4395, 13, 1283, 1053, 1440, 1148, 311, 656, 449, 279, 3245, 304, 279, 9309, 627, 8100, 53914, 323, 7111, 2212, 13, 3005, 4934, 42446, 13, 67710, 1461, 311, 2586, 1203, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1093, 1694, 7636, 1618, 11, 2085, 264, 836, 13, 22172, 4460, 264, 836, 627, 791, 3245, 574, 7366, 1578, 4999, 8100, 7731, 709, 7833, 323, 15746, 433, 13, 1102, 574, 4647, 44159, 323, 1070, 574, 6680, 682, 927, 279, 2035, 13, 3639, 1436, 1364, 656, 311, 3009, 279, 4647, 44159, 30, 3005, 1047, 311, 656, 2555, 13, 42446, 1053, 1390, 1077, 311, 656, 2555, 11, 1364, 574, 2771, 4999, 8100, 7882, 15884, 927, 311, 279, 3245, 13, 1102, 7111, 709, 520, 1077, 449, 12704, 661, 6548, 627, 1, 19875, 483, 1981, 46993, 11, 1148, 527, 499, 3815, 48469, 19875, 483, 1981, 430, 574, 433, 0, 3011, 574, 1077, 836, 0, 3005, 31645, 11, 48384, 323, 279, 3245, 31645, 1203, 627, 1, 20863, 648, 757, 11, 46993, 10246, 22336, 617, 311, 3009, 7366, 1210, 3005, 3309, 279, 3245, 32620, 13, 578, 3245, 36065, 627, 1, 72586, 13, 15448, 648, 757, 323, 584, 649, 636, 3201, 505, 1618, 10246, 78299, 21042, 2834, 956, 1390, 499, 311, 3351, 13, 1472, 617, 311, 3009, 7366, 1210, 3005, 3309, 433, 13, 1102, 45135, 520, 1077, 627, 8100, 6656, 323, 7111, 2212, 13, 2684, 0, 578, 6710, 315, 34520, 430, 42446, 1511, 311, 1005, 13, 3005, 4024, 311, 7963, 433, 13, 3277, 42446, 1511, 433, 11, 433, 10717, 2574, 7366, 13, 1283, 1053, 387, 18949, 430, 1364, 1047, 50350, 1268, 311, 1005, 433, 627, 8100, 13061, 433, 709, 323, 7882, 927, 311, 279, 3245, 13, 1102, 574, 10307, 1077, 13, 3005, 77459, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1093, 311, 387, 15746, 11, 1364, 3287, 956, 0, 3005, 1047, 311, 1304, 433, 3009, 4999, 1, 19875, 483, 11, 13365, 648, 757, 13, 5321, 1981, 358, 2846, 13194, 1210, 578, 3245, 1071, 13, 3005, 3287, 956, 1093, 433, 1701, 1077, 836, 11, 539, 1440, 430, 1364, 1047, 27569, 1148, 433, 574, 13, 46993, 11, 1364, 1047, 311, 6227, 430, 627, 8100, 30280, 1523, 323, 2231, 279, 34520, 2212, 279, 2574, 13272, 13, 1102, 6818, 311, 3351, 11, 719, 433, 574, 17791, 2288, 40069, 13, 3011, 574, 1695, 13, 1102, 1053, 1304, 433, 8831, 627, 1, 19875, 483, 11, 3009, 0, 14549, 11, 1148, 527, 499, 3815, 48469, 22336, 617, 311, 3009, 13, 1472, 617, 311, 9135, 1364, 3309, 433, 87625, 627, 3112, 1243, 1364, 6137, 311, 6958, 389, 279, 34520, 13, 2650, 15234, 11, 279, 3245, 574, 10223, 12745, 13, 1102, 574, 2133, 1633, 6453, 627, 1, 19875, 483, 1981, 3009, 1981, 433, 374, 757, 11, 433, 374, 89000, 12, 702, 8100, 13541, 439, 2653, 439, 1364, 1436, 323, 1070, 574, 264, 17944, 13, 3005, 7111, 927, 520, 279, 3245, 13, 1102, 1047, 10717, 7366, 13, 3011, 574, 1695, 0, 2030, 433, 574, 2103, 37874, 520, 1077, 13, 3005, 77459, 323, 7882, 927, 311, 433, 11, 17919, 1202, 2010, 3201, 13, 578, 2010, 7882, 1633, 6847, 323, 433, 574, 5246, 13176, 264, 2204, 1648, 627, 8100, 3952, 279, 34520, 1022, 315, 279, 3245, 323, 48135, 433, 15884, 11, 10917, 433, 1203, 1405, 1364, 1047, 1766, 433, 13, 1628, 1243, 1364, 4024, 311, 2503, 555, 279, 3090, 1578, 627, 9642, 11, 1364, 1047, 311, 6227, 430, 13, 4740, 682, 11, 1148, 1053, 42446, 1781, 422, 568, 3782, 1203, 323, 1364, 1047, 25565, 1578, 30, 220, 7566, 11, 1364, 1053, 6227, 420, 892, 627, 3112, 1364, 8738, 311, 3868, 11, 48384, 430, 1077, 836, 574, 46993, 13, 128001 ]

A chlorine atom forms a chloride ion by gaining an electron to achieve a stable octet. This process results in the chlorine atom attaining a full outer electron shell and becoming negatively charged as a chloride ion. Chlorine, one of the most abundant chemical elements on Earth, is crucial for various industrial and consumer applications. From water purification to the production of plastics and pharmaceuticals, chlorine plays a significant role in countless processes. Understanding how a chlorine atom forms a chloride ion is fundamental to comprehending the behavior and properties of this essential element. Through gaining insight into the electron transfer mechanism, we can grasp the physiological and chemical impacts of chloride ions on living organisms and the environment. Moreover, exploring this transformation can shed light on the broader concept of ion formation, contributing to the advancement of various scientific and industrial fields. Essential Concepts In Chemistry In chemistry, a chlorine atom can form a chloride ion through a process known as oxidation and reduction. Understanding the concept of atoms and ions is crucial in comprehending this phenomenon. Electrons play a vital role in the bonding of atoms, particularly when it comes to the formation of ions. When a chlorine atom gains an electron, it transforms into a chloride ion by completing its valence shell. This process is essential in the context of oxidation and reduction, as it involves the transfer of electrons between atoms. This fundamental chemistry principle is crucial in various chemical reactions and has profound implications in fields such as environmental science, biochemistry, and industrial processes. Chlorine Atom’s Electron Affinity The electron affinity of a chlorine atom refers to the energy change that occurs when a gaseous atom gains an electron to form a chloride ion. It is a measure of the atom’s ability to attract additional electrons. Chlorine has a high electron affinity, indicating a strong tendency to gain an electron. The electron affinity of chlorine is a crucial factor in various chemical reactions and plays a significant role in the formation of ionic compounds. This property influences the reactivity and behavior of chlorine in different chemical environments, making it an important consideration in the study of chemical bonding and reactions. Atomic Structure And Stability Chlorine, with an atomic number of 17 and an electron configuration of [Ne]3s^23p^5, seeks to achieve a stable octet by gaining one electron. This electronic structure reflects the element’s reactivity and the formation of chloride ions, as it only requires gaining a single electron to reach a stable configuration. The addition of an extra electron allows chlorine to achieve the stable electron configuration of argon, fulfilling the octet rule. This reactivity is fundamental to understanding the behavior of chlorine atoms, particularly in the formation of chloride ions. The Ionic Bond Formation Process When a chlorine atom gains an electron, it forms a chloride ion through the process of ionic bond formation. The first step in this transformation involves the chlorine atom, which has seven valence electrons, accepting an additional electron to achieve a full valence shell. This results in the formation of a chloride ion with a negative charge, balancing the positive charge of the nucleus. During this process, energy is released as the electron is added to the outer electron shell. The energy changes associated with this ion formation ultimately contribute to the stability of the resulting chloride ion. The Chloride Ion In Nature Chloride ions play a crucial role in various biological systems, serving as a key component in the maintenance of fluid balance and as a crucial part of the digestive process. In terms of industrial applications, chloride ions are widely utilized in the production of numerous essential chemicals and materials, including PVC, cleaning products, and pharmaceuticals. The ability of a chlorine atom to form a chloride ion is integral to many natural processes and industrial processes, contributing significantly to the diverse applications and functions within both biological and industrial settings. Chemical Reactions Involving Chloride Ions Chloride ions, denoted as Cl-, are essential in various chemical reactions. When a chlorine atom gains an electron, it forms a chloride ion via oxidation. Common reactions involving chloride ions include their participation in ionic bonding with sodium ions to create sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. Additionally, chloride ions are crucial in electrolysis, where they undergo displacement reactions to form chlorine gas and hydroxide ions. The role of chloride ions in this process is vital for several industrial applications, including the production of chlorine and hydrogen. Furthermore, chloride ions also interact with various metals to form ionic compounds, demonstrating their versatile nature in chemical reactions. Frequently Asked Questions Of How Does A Chlorine Atom Form A Chloride Ion What Process Changes A Chlorine Atom Into A Chloride Ion? A chlorine atom becomes a chloride ion by gaining one electron. This creates a negatively charged chloride ion. How Is A Chloride Ion Produced? A chloride ion is produced when a chlorine atom gains an electron. This forms a negatively charged chloride ion. How Did Chlorine Become Chloride? Chlorine becomes chloride when it gains an electron, turning into a negatively charged ion. This transformation occurs during the process of chemical reactions. Why Does Chlorine Gain An Electron To Become A Chloride Ion? Chlorine gains an electron to become a chloride ion because it needs to achieve a stable electron configuration. This process allows it to attain a full outer electron shell. Understanding the process of how a chlorine atom forms a chloride ion is crucial in chemistry. It plays a vital role in various applications, from water treatment to the production of everyday products. By delving into the intricate mechanisms of this transformation, we can gain valuable insights that can shape advancements in various fields.

1,167

[ 128000, 32, 85206, 19670, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 555, 30240, 459, 17130, 311, 11322, 264, 15528, 18998, 295, 13, 1115, 1920, 3135, 304, 279, 85206, 19670, 1651, 2101, 264, 2539, 16335, 17130, 12811, 323, 10671, 48291, 11684, 439, 264, 82882, 28772, 627, 1163, 9761, 483, 11, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 44611, 11742, 5540, 389, 9420, 11, 374, 16996, 369, 5370, 13076, 323, 11761, 8522, 13, 5659, 3090, 94536, 311, 279, 5788, 315, 68386, 323, 35410, 82, 11, 85206, 11335, 264, 5199, 3560, 304, 28701, 11618, 13, 46551, 1268, 264, 85206, 19670, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 374, 16188, 311, 12963, 2518, 279, 7865, 323, 6012, 315, 420, 7718, 2449, 627, 24798, 30240, 20616, 1139, 279, 17130, 8481, 17383, 11, 584, 649, 34477, 279, 53194, 323, 11742, 25949, 315, 82882, 65125, 389, 5496, 44304, 323, 279, 4676, 13, 23674, 11, 24919, 420, 18475, 649, 25351, 3177, 389, 279, 27927, 7434, 315, 28772, 18488, 11, 29820, 311, 279, 50925, 315, 5370, 12624, 323, 13076, 5151, 627, 38538, 2335, 76872, 763, 42846, 198, 644, 30903, 11, 264, 85206, 19670, 649, 1376, 264, 82882, 28772, 1555, 264, 1920, 3967, 439, 71162, 323, 14278, 13, 46551, 279, 7434, 315, 33299, 323, 65125, 374, 16996, 304, 12963, 2518, 420, 25885, 13, 10085, 26692, 1514, 264, 16595, 3560, 304, 279, 64186, 315, 33299, 11, 8104, 994, 433, 4131, 311, 279, 18488, 315, 65125, 13, 3277, 264, 85206, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 11, 433, 29575, 1139, 264, 82882, 28772, 555, 27666, 1202, 1062, 768, 12811, 13, 1115, 1920, 374, 7718, 304, 279, 2317, 315, 71162, 323, 14278, 11, 439, 433, 18065, 279, 8481, 315, 57678, 1990, 33299, 13, 1115, 16188, 30903, 17966, 374, 16996, 304, 5370, 11742, 25481, 323, 706, 28254, 25127, 304, 5151, 1778, 439, 12434, 8198, 11, 17332, 52755, 11, 323, 13076, 11618, 627, 1163, 9761, 483, 40616, 753, 77976, 9947, 13797, 198, 791, 17130, 51552, 315, 264, 85206, 19670, 19813, 311, 279, 4907, 2349, 430, 13980, 994, 264, 342, 521, 788, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 311, 1376, 264, 82882, 28772, 13, 1102, 374, 264, 6767, 315, 279, 19670, 753, 5845, 311, 9504, 5217, 57678, 13, 92479, 483, 706, 264, 1579, 17130, 51552, 11, 19392, 264, 3831, 31954, 311, 8895, 459, 17130, 13, 578, 17130, 51552, 315, 85206, 374, 264, 16996, 8331, 304, 5370, 11742, 25481, 323, 11335, 264, 5199, 3560, 304, 279, 18488, 315, 220, 21427, 32246, 13, 1115, 3424, 34453, 279, 312, 7323, 323, 7865, 315, 85206, 304, 2204, 11742, 22484, 11, 3339, 433, 459, 3062, 18361, 304, 279, 4007, 315, 11742, 64186, 323, 25481, 627, 66957, 29696, 1628, 81238, 198, 1163, 9761, 483, 11, 449, 459, 25524, 1396, 315, 220, 1114, 323, 459, 17130, 6683, 315, 510, 8989, 60, 18, 82, 61, 1419, 79, 61, 20, 11, 26737, 311, 11322, 264, 15528, 18998, 295, 555, 30240, 832, 17130, 13, 1115, 14683, 6070, 27053, 279, 2449, 753, 312, 7323, 323, 279, 18488, 315, 82882, 65125, 11, 439, 433, 1193, 7612, 30240, 264, 3254, 17130, 311, 5662, 264, 15528, 6683, 13, 578, 5369, 315, 459, 5066, 17130, 6276, 85206, 311, 11322, 279, 15528, 17130, 6683, 315, 1417, 263, 11, 50698, 279, 18998, 295, 6037, 13, 1115, 312, 7323, 374, 16188, 311, 8830, 279, 7865, 315, 85206, 33299, 11, 8104, 304, 279, 18488, 315, 82882, 65125, 627, 791, 40674, 24537, 72466, 8773, 198, 4599, 264, 85206, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 11, 433, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 1555, 279, 1920, 315, 220, 21427, 11049, 18488, 13, 578, 1176, 3094, 304, 420, 18475, 18065, 279, 85206, 19670, 11, 902, 706, 8254, 1062, 768, 57678, 11, 25694, 459, 5217, 17130, 311, 11322, 264, 2539, 1062, 768, 12811, 13, 1115, 3135, 304, 279, 18488, 315, 264, 82882, 28772, 449, 264, 8389, 6900, 11, 44463, 279, 6928, 6900, 315, 279, 62607, 13, 12220, 420, 1920, 11, 4907, 374, 6004, 439, 279, 17130, 374, 3779, 311, 279, 16335, 17130, 12811, 13, 578, 4907, 4442, 5938, 449, 420, 28772, 18488, 13967, 17210, 311, 279, 20334, 315, 279, 13239, 82882, 28772, 627, 791, 92479, 579, 45905, 763, 22037, 198, 1163, 9761, 579, 65125, 1514, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 5370, 24156, 6067, 11, 13788, 439, 264, 1401, 3777, 304, 279, 13709, 315, 15962, 8335, 323, 439, 264, 16996, 961, 315, 279, 60071, 1920, 13, 763, 3878, 315, 13076, 8522, 11, 82882, 65125, 527, 13882, 34716, 304, 279, 5788, 315, 12387, 7718, 26333, 323, 7384, 11, 2737, 50966, 11, 16204, 3956, 11, 323, 35410, 82, 13, 578, 5845, 315, 264, 85206, 19670, 311, 1376, 264, 82882, 28772, 374, 26154, 311, 1690, 5933, 11618, 323, 13076, 11618, 11, 29820, 12207, 311, 279, 17226, 8522, 323, 5865, 2949, 2225, 24156, 323, 13076, 5110, 627, 64938, 950, 1050, 4109, 763, 12821, 4504, 92479, 579, 358, 2439, 198, 1163, 9761, 579, 65125, 11, 3453, 9437, 439, 2493, 37619, 527, 7718, 304, 5370, 11742, 25481, 13, 3277, 264, 85206, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 11, 433, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 4669, 71162, 13, 7874, 25481, 16239, 82882, 65125, 2997, 872, 20852, 304, 220, 21427, 64186, 449, 39695, 65125, 311, 1893, 39695, 82882, 11, 17037, 3967, 439, 2007, 12290, 13, 23212, 11, 82882, 65125, 527, 16996, 304, 73396, 14744, 11, 1405, 814, 37771, 44153, 25481, 311, 1376, 85206, 6962, 323, 17055, 87, 579, 65125, 13, 578, 3560, 315, 82882, 65125, 304, 420, 1920, 374, 16595, 369, 3892, 13076, 8522, 11, 2737, 279, 5788, 315, 85206, 323, 35784, 13, 24296, 11, 82882, 65125, 1101, 16681, 449, 5370, 37182, 311, 1376, 220, 21427, 32246, 11, 45296, 872, 33045, 7138, 304, 11742, 25481, 627, 37, 70941, 53763, 24271, 5046, 2650, 12838, 362, 92479, 483, 40616, 3459, 362, 92479, 579, 45905, 198, 3923, 8773, 29240, 362, 92479, 483, 40616, 32745, 362, 92479, 579, 45905, 5380, 32, 85206, 19670, 9221, 264, 82882, 28772, 555, 30240, 832, 17130, 13, 1115, 11705, 264, 48291, 11684, 82882, 28772, 627, 4438, 2209, 362, 92479, 579, 45905, 88365, 5380, 32, 82882, 28772, 374, 9124, 994, 264, 85206, 19670, 20192, 459, 17130, 13, 1115, 7739, 264, 48291, 11684, 82882, 28772, 627, 4438, 14910, 92479, 483, 51378, 92479, 579, 5380, 1163, 9761, 483, 9221, 82882, 994, 433, 20192, 459, 17130, 11, 13353, 1139, 264, 48291, 11684, 28772, 13, 1115, 18475, 13980, 2391, 279, 1920, 315, 11742, 25481, 627, 10445, 12838, 92479, 483, 50809, 1556, 77976, 2057, 51378, 362, 92479, 579, 45905, 5380, 1163, 9761, 483, 20192, 459, 17130, 311, 3719, 264, 82882, 28772, 1606, 433, 3966, 311, 11322, 264, 15528, 17130, 6683, 13, 1115, 1920, 6276, 433, 311, 36861, 264, 2539, 16335, 17130, 12811, 627, 71251, 279, 1920, 315, 1268, 264, 85206, 19670, 7739, 264, 82882, 28772, 374, 16996, 304, 30903, 13, 1102, 11335, 264, 16595, 3560, 304, 5370, 8522, 11, 505, 3090, 6514, 311, 279, 5788, 315, 18254, 3956, 13, 3296, 1624, 4504, 1139, 279, 57216, 24717, 315, 420, 18475, 11, 584, 649, 8895, 15525, 26793, 430, 649, 6211, 83787, 304, 5370, 5151, 13, 128001 ]

This is one of the main reasons I never dared to wear it, even though I don't really post many photos online and they are never close up anyways, but from what I've seen over the years (both online and irl) I have a feeling that being a hijabi means that every single step (be it a mistake or not) of yours will be judged even more harshly than a non-hijabi's, let alone a muslim man's. It's almost as if you get put under a microscope because of the hijab and are expected to be perfect and sinless As much as some people are trying to push it, I never liked the resistance towards the "Who are you to judge someone?" because of this. Not everyone is competent to give advice for example like those "Better take it off/You aren't a real muslim/Jahannam is waiting for you" people who feel entitled to comment. People have their insecurities and some even struggle with themselves, their past, their sins etc. and then someone who doesn't know their circumstances comes and isults them, making them let go of maybe the last rope of islam they were hanging on to

244

[ 128000, 2028, 374, 832, 315, 279, 1925, 8125, 358, 2646, 76035, 311, 10051, 433, 11, 1524, 3582, 358, 1541, 956, 2216, 1772, 1690, 7397, 2930, 323, 814, 527, 2646, 3345, 709, 63445, 11, 719, 505, 1148, 358, 3077, 3970, 927, 279, 1667, 320, 21704, 2930, 323, 220, 2881, 8, 358, 617, 264, 8430, 430, 1694, 264, 22130, 26140, 3445, 430, 1475, 3254, 3094, 320, 1395, 433, 264, 16930, 477, 539, 8, 315, 18821, 690, 387, 45487, 1524, 810, 25984, 398, 1109, 264, 2536, 2902, 3251, 26140, 596, 11, 1095, 7636, 264, 62056, 893, 596, 13, 1102, 596, 4661, 439, 422, 499, 636, 2231, 1234, 264, 73757, 1606, 315, 279, 22130, 370, 323, 527, 3685, 311, 387, 4832, 323, 7589, 1752, 271, 2170, 1790, 439, 1063, 1274, 527, 4560, 311, 4585, 433, 11, 358, 2646, 15262, 279, 13957, 7119, 279, 330, 15546, 527, 499, 311, 11913, 4423, 7673, 1606, 315, 420, 13, 2876, 5127, 374, 40883, 311, 3041, 9650, 369, 3187, 1093, 1884, 330, 56351, 1935, 433, 1022, 14, 2675, 7784, 956, 264, 1972, 62056, 32801, 1494, 1036, 309, 374, 8748, 369, 499, 1, 1274, 889, 2733, 20458, 311, 4068, 13, 9029, 617, 872, 54682, 31702, 323, 1063, 1524, 14993, 449, 5694, 11, 872, 3347, 11, 872, 40444, 5099, 13, 323, 1243, 4423, 889, 3250, 956, 1440, 872, 13463, 4131, 323, 374, 122761, 1124, 11, 3339, 1124, 1095, 733, 315, 7344, 279, 1566, 34520, 315, 374, 24705, 814, 1051, 21363, 389, 311, 128001 ]

import numpy as np # docs, examples: https://plotoptix.rnd.team from plotoptix import TkOptiX from plotoptix.materials import m_plastic from plotoptix.utils import simplex def main(): b = 7000 # number of curves n = 60 # number pf nodes per curve dt = 0.08 # nodes distance ofs = 50 * np.random.rand(3) inp = 5 * np.random.rand(b, 3, 4) - 2.5 for c in range(b): inp[c,1:,:3] = inp[c,0,:3] inp[c,:,0] *= 1.75 # more spread in X inp[c,:,3] = ofs # sync the 4'th dim of the noise #print(inp) pos = np.zeros((b, n, 3), dtype=np.float32) r = np.zeros((b, n), dtype=np.float32) rnd = simplex(inp) #print(rnd) for t in range(n): rt = 2.0 * (t+1) / (n+2) - 1 rt = 1 - rt*rt r[:,t] = 0.07 * rt * rt for c in range(b): mag = np.linalg.norm(rnd[c]) r[c,t] *= 0.2 + 0.8 * mag # modulate thickness rnd[c] = (dt/mag) * rnd[c] # normalize and scale the step size inp[c,:,:3] += rnd[c] # step in the field direction pos[c,t] = inp[c,0,:3] rnd = simplex(inp, rnd) # calculate noise at the next pos rt = TkOptiX(start_now=False) rt.set_param( min_accumulation_step=1, max_accumulation_frames=200, rt_timeout=100000 # accept lower fps ) exposure = 1.2; gamma = 1.8 rt.set_float("tonemap_exposure", exposure) rt.set_float("tonemap_gamma", gamma) rt.set_float("denoiser_blend", 0.25) rt.add_postproc("Denoiser") rt.setup_material("plastic", m_plastic) for c in range(b): if np.random.uniform() < 0.05: rt.set_data("c"+str(c), pos=pos[c], r=1.1*r[c], c=[0.4, 0, 0], geom="BezierChain") else: rt.set_data("c"+str(c), pos=pos[c], r=r[c], c=0.94, geom="BezierChain", mat="plastic") rt.setup_camera("dof_cam", eye=[0, 0, 12], target=[0, 0, 0], fov=57, focal_scale=0.7, cam_type="DoF") rt.setup_light("l1", pos=[8, -3, 13], color=1.5*np.array([0.99, 0.97, 0.93]), radius=5) rt.setup_light("l2", pos=[-17, -7, 5], u=[0, 0, -10], v=[0, 14, 0], color=1*np.array([0.25, 0.28, 0.35]), light_type="Parallelogram") rt.set_ambient([0.05, 0.07, 0.09]) rt.set_background(0) rt.show() print("done") if __name__ == '__main__': main()

1,306

[ 128000, 475, 8760, 439, 2660, 271, 2, 27437, 11, 10507, 25, 3788, 1129, 501, 2117, 418, 953, 1783, 303, 29063, 198, 1527, 628, 2117, 418, 953, 1179, 50260, 22078, 72, 55, 198, 1527, 628, 2117, 418, 953, 24585, 82, 1179, 296, 6451, 5174, 198, 1527, 628, 2117, 418, 953, 8576, 1179, 92751, 271, 755, 1925, 4019, 262, 293, 284, 220, 7007, 15, 256, 674, 1396, 315, 37033, 198, 262, 308, 284, 220, 1399, 257, 674, 1396, 28518, 7954, 824, 16029, 198, 262, 7748, 284, 220, 15, 13, 2318, 220, 674, 7954, 6138, 271, 262, 59161, 284, 220, 1135, 353, 2660, 7985, 15874, 7, 18, 340, 262, 33444, 284, 220, 20, 353, 2660, 7985, 15874, 1921, 11, 220, 18, 11, 220, 19, 8, 482, 220, 17, 13, 20, 198, 262, 369, 272, 304, 2134, 1921, 997, 286, 33444, 12729, 11, 16, 25, 8353, 18, 60, 284, 33444, 12729, 11, 15, 8353, 18, 933, 286, 33444, 12729, 25558, 15, 60, 11658, 220, 16, 13, 2075, 310, 674, 810, 9041, 304, 1630, 198, 286, 33444, 12729, 25558, 18, 60, 284, 59161, 1078, 674, 13105, 279, 220, 19, 956, 71, 5213, 315, 279, 12248, 198, 262, 674, 1374, 60703, 696, 262, 1153, 284, 2660, 13064, 1209, 65, 11, 308, 11, 220, 18, 705, 13534, 17874, 16304, 843, 340, 262, 436, 284, 2660, 13064, 1209, 65, 11, 308, 705, 13534, 17874, 16304, 843, 696, 262, 38293, 284, 92751, 60703, 340, 262, 674, 1374, 2666, 303, 696, 262, 369, 259, 304, 2134, 1471, 997, 286, 17091, 284, 220, 17, 13, 15, 353, 320, 83, 10, 16, 8, 611, 320, 77, 10, 17, 8, 482, 220, 16, 198, 286, 17091, 284, 220, 16, 482, 17091, 9, 3423, 198, 286, 436, 9821, 83, 60, 284, 220, 15, 13, 2589, 353, 17091, 353, 17091, 198, 286, 369, 272, 304, 2134, 1921, 997, 310, 4983, 284, 2660, 38832, 33064, 2666, 303, 12729, 2608, 310, 436, 12729, 14287, 60, 11658, 220, 15, 13, 17, 489, 220, 15, 13, 23, 353, 4983, 415, 674, 1491, 6468, 26839, 9122, 310, 38293, 12729, 60, 284, 320, 8207, 3262, 351, 8, 353, 38293, 12729, 60, 257, 674, 22436, 323, 5569, 279, 3094, 1404, 198, 310, 33444, 12729, 59145, 18, 60, 1447, 38293, 12729, 60, 692, 674, 3094, 304, 279, 2115, 5216, 198, 310, 1153, 12729, 14287, 60, 284, 33444, 12729, 11, 15, 8353, 18, 933, 1827, 286, 38293, 284, 92751, 60703, 11, 38293, 8, 310, 674, 11294, 12248, 520, 279, 1828, 1153, 271, 262, 17091, 284, 50260, 22078, 72, 55, 10865, 21480, 5725, 340, 262, 17091, 995, 4182, 1021, 286, 1332, 76937, 2987, 12212, 28, 16, 345, 286, 1973, 76937, 2987, 30419, 28, 1049, 345, 286, 17091, 21179, 28, 1041, 931, 1733, 674, 4287, 4827, 34981, 198, 262, 5235, 262, 14675, 284, 220, 16, 13, 17, 26, 22350, 284, 220, 16, 13, 23, 198, 262, 17091, 995, 18047, 446, 783, 43140, 2769, 12313, 498, 14675, 340, 262, 17091, 995, 18047, 446, 783, 43140, 62279, 498, 22350, 340, 262, 17091, 995, 18047, 446, 5294, 78, 12329, 89620, 498, 220, 15, 13, 914, 340, 262, 17091, 1388, 6467, 16159, 446, 35, 12052, 12329, 5240, 262, 17091, 26406, 34984, 446, 501, 5174, 498, 296, 6451, 5174, 696, 262, 369, 272, 304, 2134, 1921, 997, 286, 422, 2660, 7985, 36878, 368, 366, 220, 15, 13, 2304, 512, 310, 17091, 995, 1807, 446, 66, 5689, 496, 1361, 705, 1153, 100238, 12729, 1145, 436, 28, 16, 13, 16, 38993, 12729, 1145, 272, 5941, 15, 13, 19, 11, 220, 15, 11, 220, 15, 1145, 28355, 429, 96150, 19368, 1158, 286, 775, 512, 310, 17091, 995, 1807, 446, 66, 5689, 496, 1361, 705, 1153, 100238, 12729, 1145, 436, 32220, 12729, 1145, 272, 28, 15, 13, 6281, 11, 28355, 429, 96150, 19368, 498, 5634, 429, 501, 5174, 1158, 1827, 262, 17091, 26406, 30943, 446, 67, 1073, 43611, 498, 8071, 5941, 15, 11, 220, 15, 11, 220, 717, 1145, 2218, 5941, 15, 11, 220, 15, 11, 220, 15, 1145, 94573, 28, 3226, 11, 42199, 17142, 28, 15, 13, 22, 11, 6730, 1857, 429, 5519, 37, 5240, 262, 17091, 26406, 29763, 446, 75, 16, 498, 1153, 5941, 23, 11, 482, 18, 11, 220, 1032, 1145, 1933, 28, 16, 13, 20, 40105, 7382, 2625, 15, 13, 1484, 11, 220, 15, 13, 3534, 11, 220, 15, 13, 6365, 9918, 10801, 28, 20, 340, 262, 17091, 26406, 29763, 446, 75, 17, 498, 1153, 5941, 12, 1114, 11, 482, 22, 11, 220, 20, 1145, 577, 5941, 15, 11, 220, 15, 11, 482, 605, 1145, 348, 5941, 15, 11, 220, 975, 11, 220, 15, 1145, 1933, 28, 16, 40105, 7382, 2625, 15, 13, 914, 11, 220, 15, 13, 1591, 11, 220, 15, 13, 1758, 9918, 3177, 1857, 429, 4368, 5164, 848, 2453, 1158, 262, 17091, 995, 62, 60714, 2625, 15, 13, 2304, 11, 220, 15, 13, 2589, 11, 220, 15, 13, 2545, 2608, 262, 17091, 995, 25070, 7, 15, 340, 262, 17091, 5577, 2892, 262, 1194, 446, 10655, 5240, 333, 1328, 609, 565, 624, 12385, 3902, 16575, 262, 1925, 746, 128001 ]

<gh_stars>0 /* * Copyright (c) 2005-2021 Imperas Software Ltd., www.imperas.com * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, * either express or implied. * * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. * */ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // W R I T T E N B Y I M P E R A S I G E N // // Version 20211118.0 // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #ifndef PSE_IGEN_H #define PSE_IGEN_H #ifdef _PSE_ # include "peripheral/impTypes.h" # include "peripheral/bhm.h" # include "peripheral/bhmHttp.h" # include "peripheral/ppm.h" #else # include "hostapi/impTypes.h" #endif #ifdef _PSE_ //////////////////////////////////// Externs /////////////////////////////////// extern Uns32 diagnosticLevel; /////////////////////////// Dynamic Diagnostic Macros ////////////////////////// // Bottom two bits of word used for PSE diagnostics #define PSE_DIAG_LOW (BHM_DIAG_MASK_LOW(diagnosticLevel)) #define PSE_DIAG_MEDIUM (BHM_DIAG_MASK_MEDIUM(diagnosticLevel)) #define PSE_DIAG_HIGH (BHM_DIAG_MASK_HIGH(diagnosticLevel)) // Next two bits of word used for PSE semihost/intercept library diagnostics #define PSE_DIAG_SEMIHOST (BHM_DIAG_MASK_SEMIHOST(diagnosticLevel)) #endif /////////////////////////// Register data declaration ////////////////////////// typedef struct bport1_REG_dataS { union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 __pad0 : 30; Uns32 XOSC_RDY : 1; Uns32 XOSCCFG_EN : 1; } bits; } hfxosccfg; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 DIVR : 6; Uns32 DIVF : 9; Uns32 DIVQ : 3; Uns32 RANGE : 3; Uns32 __pad21 : 3; Uns32 BYPASS : 1; Uns32 FSE : 1; Uns32 __pad26 : 5; Uns32 LOCK : 1; } bits; } corepllcfg0; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 DIVR : 6; Uns32 DIVF : 9; Uns32 DIVQ : 3; Uns32 RANGE : 3; Uns32 __pad21 : 3; Uns32 BYPASS : 1; Uns32 FSE : 1; Uns32 __pad26 : 5; Uns32 LOCK : 1; } bits; } ddrpllcfg0; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 __pad0 : 31; Uns32 CKE : 1; } bits; } ddrpllcfg1; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 DIVR : 6; Uns32 DIVF : 9; Uns32 DIVQ : 3; Uns32 RANGE : 3; Uns32 __pad21 : 3; Uns32 BYPASS : 1; Uns32 FSE : 1; Uns32 __pad26 : 5; Uns32 LOCK : 1; } bits; } gemgxlpllcfg0; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 __pad0 : 24; Uns32 CKE : 1; } bits; } gemgxlpllcfg1; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 CORECLKSEL : 1; } bits; } coreclksel; union { Uns32 value; struct { Uns32 DDR_CTRL_RST_N : 1; Uns32 DDR_AXI_RST_N : 1; Uns32 DDR_AHB_RST_N : 1; Uns32 DDR_PHY_RST_N : 1; Uns32 __pad4 : 1; Uns32 GEMGXL_RST_N : 1; } bits; } devicesresetreg; } bport1_REG_dataT, *bport1_REG_dataTP; #ifdef _PSE_ /////////////////////////////// Port Declarations ////////////////////////////// extern bport1_REG_dataT bport1_REG_data; ///////////////////////////////// Port handles ///////////////////////////////// typedef struct handlesS { void *bport1; ppmNetHandle reset; } handlesT, *handlesTP; extern handlesT handles; ////////////////////////////// Callback prototypes ///////////////////////////// PPM_REG_WRITE_CB(hfxosccfgWrite); PPM_NET_CB(resetCB); PPM_READ_CB(reservedRD); PPM_WRITE_CB(reservedWR); PPM_NET_CB(reset_reset); PPM_CONSTRUCTOR_CB(periphConstructor); PPM_DOC_FN(installDocs); PPM_CONSTRUCTOR_CB(constructor); PPM_SAVE_STATE_FN(peripheralSaveState); PPM_RESTORE_STATE_FN(peripheralRestoreState); ///////////////////////////////// Local memory ///////////////////////////////// // To access local memory bport1/REG/rsvd : (for example) // char value = ((char*)handles.bport1)[BPORT1_REG_RSVD_OFFSET + myAddress]; #define BPORT1_REG_RSVD_OFFSET 0x0 #define BPORT1_REG_RSVD_SIZE 0x1000 ////////////////////////////////// Mask macros ///////////////////////////////// #define BPORT1_REG_HFXOSCCFG_WRMASK 0x80000000 #define BPORT1_REG_HFXOSCCFG_WRNMASK (0x7fffffff) #define BPORT1_REG_HFXOSCCFG_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_COREPLLCFG0_WRMASK 0x31ffff #define BPORT1_REG_COREPLLCFG0_WRNMASK (0xffce0000) #define BPORT1_REG_COREPLLCFG0_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG0_WRMASK 0x31ffff #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG0_WRNMASK (0xffce0000) #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG0_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG1_WRMASK 0x1000000 #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG1_WRNMASK (0xfeffffff) #define BPORT1_REG_DDRPLLCFG1_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG0_WRMASK 0x31ffff #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG0_WRNMASK (0xffce0000) #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG0_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG1_WRMASK 0x80000000 #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG1_WRNMASK (0x7fffffff) #define BPORT1_REG_GEMGXLPLLCFG1_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_CORECLKSEL_WRMASK 0x1 #define BPORT1_REG_CORECLKSEL_WRNMASK (0xfffffffe) #define BPORT1_REG_CORECLKSEL_WIDTH 32 #define BPORT1_REG_DEVICESRESETREG_WRMASK 0x2f #define BPORT1_REG_DEVICESRESETREG_WRNMASK (0xffffffd0) #define BPORT1_REG_DEVICESRESETREG_WIDTH 32 //////////////////////////// Parameters of enum type /////////////////////////// #endif #endif

3,093

[ 128000, 27, 876, 1284, 1590, 29, 15, 198, 3364, 353, 3028, 320, 66, 8, 220, 1049, 20, 12, 2366, 16, 25519, 300, 4476, 12604, 2637, 8604, 12322, 716, 300, 916, 198, 1235, 353, 10311, 1234, 279, 9091, 1914, 11, 6207, 220, 17, 13, 15, 320, 1820, 330, 10028, 803, 353, 499, 1253, 539, 1005, 420, 1052, 3734, 304, 8907, 449, 279, 1914, 627, 353, 1472, 1253, 6994, 264, 3048, 315, 279, 1914, 520, 198, 1235, 353, 256, 1795, 1129, 2185, 5206, 2726, 7116, 11082, 12, 17, 13, 15, 198, 1235, 353, 11115, 2631, 555, 8581, 2383, 477, 7378, 311, 304, 4477, 11, 3241, 198, 353, 4332, 1234, 279, 1914, 374, 4332, 389, 459, 330, 1950, 3507, 1, 11643, 345, 353, 6135, 7579, 2794, 11596, 3083, 4230, 9481, 345, 353, 3060, 3237, 477, 6259, 627, 1235, 353, 3580, 279, 1914, 369, 279, 3230, 4221, 10217, 8709, 323, 198, 353, 9669, 1234, 279, 1914, 627, 1235, 22406, 59969, 2341, 322, 394, 468, 432, 358, 350, 350, 469, 452, 256, 426, 816, 256, 358, 386, 393, 469, 432, 362, 328, 256, 358, 480, 469, 452, 198, 2341, 322, 6663, 6207, 220, 2366, 5037, 972, 13, 15, 198, 2341, 99420, 5645, 393, 937, 62, 1953, 965, 2083, 198, 1467, 393, 937, 62, 1953, 965, 2083, 5291, 271, 5872, 721, 47, 937, 13220, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 716, 24179, 14, 6802, 4266, 870, 702, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 716, 24179, 3554, 35401, 870, 702, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 716, 24179, 3554, 35401, 2977, 870, 702, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 716, 24179, 88246, 76, 870, 702, 10142, 198, 2, 262, 2997, 330, 3875, 2113, 14, 6802, 4266, 870, 702, 2730, 271, 5872, 721, 47, 937, 13220, 3985, 730, 1398, 4253, 82, 61709, 8851, 4399, 62143, 843, 15439, 4549, 5322, 2012, 1165, 2640, 22648, 51088, 99547, 47570, 1165, 271, 322, 26821, 1403, 9660, 315, 3492, 1511, 369, 393, 937, 50518, 198, 1467, 393, 937, 77310, 26916, 504, 320, 33, 53248, 77310, 11982, 26916, 56593, 12219, 4549, 1192, 1467, 393, 937, 77310, 94892, 338, 320, 33, 53248, 77310, 11982, 94892, 56593, 12219, 4549, 4489, 1467, 393, 937, 77310, 32721, 4391, 320, 33, 53248, 77310, 11982, 32721, 56593, 12219, 4549, 1192, 322, 9479, 1403, 9660, 315, 3492, 1511, 369, 393, 937, 18768, 3875, 14, 2295, 1512, 6875, 50518, 198, 1467, 393, 937, 77310, 3704, 9972, 29787, 2342, 320, 33, 53248, 77310, 11982, 3704, 9972, 29787, 56593, 12219, 4549, 4489, 2730, 198, 2012, 1165, 2640, 8618, 828, 18489, 47570, 1165, 271, 5399, 2080, 293, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 50, 314, 720, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 15, 551, 220, 966, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1630, 80061, 29794, 56, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1630, 3204, 3791, 12270, 6434, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 305, 8462, 437, 641, 4922, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 49, 551, 220, 21, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 37, 551, 220, 24, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 48, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 87606, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1691, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 7866, 50892, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 435, 937, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1627, 551, 220, 20, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 50563, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 6332, 81538, 14401, 15, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 49, 551, 220, 21, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 37, 551, 220, 24, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 48, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 87606, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1691, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 7866, 50892, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 435, 937, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1627, 551, 220, 20, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 50563, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 294, 3696, 81538, 14401, 15, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 15, 551, 220, 2148, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 356, 3472, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 294, 3696, 81538, 14401, 16, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 49, 551, 220, 21, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 37, 551, 220, 24, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 47360, 48, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 87606, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1691, 551, 220, 18, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 7866, 50892, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 435, 937, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 1627, 551, 220, 20, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 50563, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 19269, 70, 25299, 81538, 14401, 15, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 15, 551, 220, 1187, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 356, 3472, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 19269, 70, 25299, 81538, 14401, 16, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 51283, 27110, 30465, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 6332, 566, 2857, 301, 280, 262, 11552, 314, 720, 286, 62143, 843, 907, 280, 286, 2080, 341, 310, 62143, 843, 44860, 19720, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 44860, 37917, 40, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 44860, 96946, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 44860, 36619, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 1328, 13545, 19, 551, 220, 16, 280, 310, 62143, 843, 480, 2783, 38, 37630, 65193, 1635, 551, 220, 16, 280, 286, 335, 9660, 280, 262, 335, 7766, 9915, 1610, 280, 92, 293, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 51, 11, 353, 65, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 4334, 401, 5872, 721, 47, 937, 13220, 2012, 17287, 2640, 5896, 89375, 47570, 17287, 271, 4399, 293, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 51, 293, 403, 16, 8224, 1807, 401, 3985, 14, 5896, 13777, 47570, 17287, 48244, 5399, 2080, 13777, 50, 341, 262, 742, 338, 353, 65, 403, 16, 280, 262, 64697, 7099, 7144, 692, 7738, 280, 92, 13777, 51, 11, 353, 45031, 4334, 401, 4399, 13777, 51, 13777, 401, 2012, 17287, 322, 23499, 47728, 47570, 1165, 48244, 4505, 44, 8224, 17933, 50033, 3283, 8462, 437, 641, 4922, 8144, 317, 4505, 44, 27953, 50033, 4693, 295, 13276, 317, 4505, 44, 13418, 50033, 4693, 2841, 37790, 317, 4505, 44, 17933, 50033, 4693, 2841, 18408, 317, 4505, 44, 27953, 50033, 4693, 295, 19520, 317, 4505, 44, 4405, 66810, 50033, 53627, 15619, 13591, 317, 4505, 44, 70011, 61222, 36787, 543, 64207, 317, 4505, 44, 4405, 66810, 50033, 18350, 3162, 317, 4505, 44, 44209, 11069, 61222, 53627, 24179, 8960, 1423, 317, 4505, 44, 2241, 45050, 11069, 61222, 53627, 24179, 57384, 1423, 8295, 3985, 14, 8949, 5044, 47570, 17287, 48244, 322, 2057, 2680, 2254, 5044, 293, 403, 16, 14, 12450, 7534, 3576, 67, 551, 320, 2000, 3187, 340, 322, 1181, 907, 284, 1819, 1799, 3849, 45031, 960, 403, 16, 6758, 33, 5205, 16, 8224, 60238, 12757, 18092, 489, 856, 4383, 4926, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 60238, 12757, 18092, 692, 220, 15, 87, 15, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 60238, 12757, 4190, 310, 220, 15, 87, 1041, 15, 271, 3985, 322, 20519, 38814, 47570, 17287, 48244, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2083, 16786, 3204, 3791, 12270, 22528, 50963, 257, 220, 15, 87, 4728, 931, 410, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2083, 16786, 3204, 3791, 12270, 22528, 38425, 7536, 262, 320, 15, 87, 22, 83792, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2083, 16786, 3204, 3791, 12270, 14273, 415, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 50963, 256, 220, 15, 87, 2148, 7386, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 38425, 7536, 220, 320, 15, 9197, 346, 931, 15, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 14273, 262, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 50963, 262, 220, 15, 87, 2148, 7386, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 38425, 7536, 256, 320, 15, 9197, 346, 931, 15, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 14273, 257, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 22528, 50963, 262, 220, 15, 87, 1041, 931, 15, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 22528, 38425, 7536, 256, 320, 15, 32569, 27984, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 80938, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 14273, 257, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 50963, 220, 220, 15, 87, 2148, 7386, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 22528, 38425, 7536, 220, 320, 15, 9197, 346, 931, 15, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 15, 14273, 220, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 22528, 50963, 220, 220, 15, 87, 4728, 931, 410, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 22528, 38425, 7536, 220, 320, 15, 87, 22, 83792, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 2712, 2783, 38, 37630, 2989, 8724, 12270, 16, 14273, 220, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 27110, 30465, 22528, 50963, 262, 220, 15, 87, 16, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 27110, 30465, 22528, 38425, 7536, 256, 320, 15, 69347, 1897, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 32410, 27110, 30465, 14273, 257, 220, 843, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 85533, 51100, 12450, 22528, 50963, 220, 220, 15, 87, 17, 69, 198, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 85533, 51100, 12450, 22528, 38425, 7536, 220, 320, 15, 69347, 67, 15, 340, 1467, 426, 5205, 16, 8224, 85533, 51100, 12450, 14273, 220, 220, 843, 271, 2012, 17287, 13831, 315, 7773, 955, 47570, 1165, 76358, 2730, 271, 2730, 198, 128001 ]

As a San Francisco-based commercial real estate broker who specializes in helping office tenants create healthier, more energy-efficient work environments, it’s exciting to see the progress we’ve made in moving these issues to the forefront of the discussion. The moniker “green” has gone from being “hippy”, to trendy, to en vogue, to cliché and now it’s the standard. Call it what you will, but this framework of thinking is here to stay and will benefit not only us, but generations to follow. Having said that, and for lack of a better phrase, we need to keep it real and constantly remind ourselves that it’s not the perception of sustainability that matters, but the reality and implementation of it. To the corporate decision makers that are reading this post, place the health of your employees and the sustenance of our earth first. Healthy employees are intrinsically happy, productive employees, and energy and waste reduction both on-site and within your supply chain directly and positively affects a company’s bottom line; these are facts. Everyone wins. I want to share what I feel are the most important decisions you can make when locating and operating your business, from a sustainability perspective. It doesn’t matter the line of business you’re in, these are principles that can benefit us all. Where you do business is just as important as how you do business. If an option, give preference to high-density locations where your employees can commute to work via mass transit while eliminating their need to drive somewhere to get lunch or grab a coffee with a client. Encourage and reward employees who bike or take a bus to work. There are federal incentives available that can benefit you and your employees such as the Commuter Check program that can save companies up to 10% on their payroll tax expenses while saving their employees up to 40% on their commute costs. Reduce, reuse, and yes, recycle. Tearing down the construction of an entire floor in an office tower and building it back up with sustainable materials doesn’t make you “green”. Too often I see perfectly useful tenant improvements demo’d and sent to a landfill while new resources are acquired and constructed. Not only does this translate into unnecessary additional expenses for the office tenant, but it puts an unnecessary burden on our earth. Identify spaces that more closely match your desired configuration, and you’ll reduce construction waste and monetary spending. They’re out there, it just takes a little more effort. Think beyond your company. In addition to making better informed purchasing decisions within your office, are the values and mission of the vendors in your supply chain congruent with your own? We vote with our purchasing dollars each time we place an order. You, NOT the supplier, create demand. Give preference to companies that are also taking pro-active steps to reduce their consumption and waste, such as your office supply vendor. The market will punish companies that don’t, and reward those that do. Change starts with you. Reduce toxicity in the workplace. Typical office environments have the potential to be highly toxic and can negatively affect the performance, happiness and productivity of your employees. If you’re a decision maker, you have a responsibility to provide a safe, healthy workplace. Give preference to properties with operable windows, abundant natural daylight and landlords that use low-voc paints and carpeting. Segregate copiers in enclosed rooms with adequate ventilation. Decorate your office with plants that are known to cleanse the air and remove chemical vapors while absorbing carbon dioxide. Consider purchasing used or refurbished office furniture, as it has already off-gassed harmful chemicals and vapors. Engage your employees. The greenest tenant improvements in the world will be ineffective if the building’s occupants aren’t engaged, and whose sustainability goals aren’t aligned with the company’s. How the office is occupied is just as important as how it was built out. Engage your employees by more than just openly sharing your sustainability plan, but also explaining why certain measures were implemented (i.e. the waterless urinals will save 250k gallons of water this year). If new technologies have been implemented, explain how to use them. Reward employees who are proactive in helping the company achieve their sustainability goals. Make it convenient and easy for employees to recycle. Provide filtered tap water for employees rather than purchasing water bottles. Developing a sustainable real estate strategy is really nothing more than developing a smart real estate strategy. Don’t just “go green” for show, but be sincere in your approach and you will reap the benefits. The truth is, a green office will yield happier employees while positively impacting your bottom line, so do it right. I began volunteering with the Chapter over seven years ago, and it has proved to be the most beneficial and rewarding organizations I could have joined. Volunteering with the Chapter and getting involved with one of our committees gives you a chance to engage with other like-minded professionals who value sustainability, and want to change and improve how we build, occupy and manage our built environment. However, it’s more than just networking and making lasting and valuable business and personal relationships. The members of our Branch’s leadership team are responsible for putting ideas into action that help shape public opinion while educating others about the importance of working in a “healthy building” and reducing our environmental footprint. We host approximately 10 local community events annually, whose impact is not to be understated as they play a crucial role in furthering green building advocacy while providing educational opportunities for those already in, and outside of our normal sphere of influence. I look forward to meeting new friends at our meeting and catching up with familiar faces.

1,202

[ 128000, 2170, 264, 5960, 13175, 6108, 8518, 1972, 12675, 23117, 889, 46672, 304, 10695, 5274, 41016, 1893, 39345, 11, 810, 4907, 73916, 990, 22484, 11, 433, 753, 13548, 311, 1518, 279, 5208, 584, 4070, 1903, 304, 7366, 1521, 4819, 311, 279, 52301, 315, 279, 10430, 13, 578, 1647, 25840, 1054, 13553, 863, 706, 8208, 505, 1694, 1054, 2200, 3368, 9520, 311, 58930, 11, 311, 665, 348, 28523, 11, 311, 63692, 978, 323, 1457, 433, 753, 279, 5410, 13, 7290, 433, 1148, 499, 690, 11, 719, 420, 12914, 315, 7422, 374, 1618, 311, 4822, 323, 690, 8935, 539, 1193, 603, 11, 719, 22540, 311, 1833, 627, 29132, 1071, 430, 11, 323, 369, 6996, 315, 264, 2731, 17571, 11, 584, 1205, 311, 2567, 433, 1972, 323, 15320, 24928, 13520, 430, 433, 753, 539, 279, 21063, 315, 41329, 430, 13146, 11, 719, 279, 8903, 323, 8292, 315, 433, 13, 2057, 279, 13166, 5597, 29414, 430, 527, 5403, 420, 1772, 11, 2035, 279, 2890, 315, 701, 8420, 323, 279, 10446, 10431, 315, 1057, 9578, 1176, 13, 44454, 8420, 527, 10805, 1354, 2740, 6380, 11, 27331, 8420, 11, 323, 4907, 323, 12571, 14278, 2225, 389, 29654, 323, 2949, 701, 8312, 8957, 6089, 323, 40646, 22223, 264, 2883, 753, 5740, 1584, 26, 1521, 527, 13363, 13, 22172, 15160, 627, 40, 1390, 311, 4430, 1148, 358, 2733, 527, 279, 1455, 3062, 11429, 499, 649, 1304, 994, 72991, 323, 10565, 701, 2626, 11, 505, 264, 41329, 13356, 13, 1102, 3250, 1431, 5030, 279, 1584, 315, 2626, 499, 3207, 304, 11, 1521, 527, 16565, 430, 649, 8935, 603, 682, 627, 9241, 499, 656, 2626, 374, 1120, 439, 3062, 439, 1268, 499, 656, 2626, 13, 1442, 459, 3072, 11, 3041, 22698, 311, 1579, 89131, 10687, 1405, 701, 8420, 649, 59263, 311, 990, 4669, 3148, 25032, 1418, 40599, 872, 1205, 311, 6678, 15038, 311, 636, 16163, 477, 11894, 264, 11033, 449, 264, 3016, 13, 10984, 61140, 323, 11565, 8420, 889, 13260, 477, 1935, 264, 5951, 311, 990, 13, 2684, 527, 6918, 36580, 2561, 430, 649, 8935, 499, 323, 701, 8420, 1778, 439, 279, 6947, 29051, 4343, 2068, 430, 649, 3665, 5220, 709, 311, 220, 605, 4, 389, 872, 46208, 3827, 18512, 1418, 14324, 872, 8420, 709, 311, 220, 1272, 4, 389, 872, 59263, 7194, 627, 51425, 11, 27068, 11, 323, 10035, 11, 61843, 627, 51, 13992, 1523, 279, 8246, 315, 459, 4553, 6558, 304, 459, 5274, 21970, 323, 4857, 433, 1203, 709, 449, 22556, 7384, 3250, 1431, 1304, 499, 1054, 13553, 11453, 25619, 3629, 358, 1518, 14268, 5505, 26305, 18637, 17074, 7070, 323, 3288, 311, 264, 85634, 1418, 502, 5070, 527, 19426, 323, 20968, 13, 2876, 1193, 1587, 420, 15025, 1139, 26225, 5217, 18512, 369, 279, 5274, 26305, 11, 719, 433, 9711, 459, 26225, 23104, 389, 1057, 9578, 13, 65647, 12908, 430, 810, 15499, 2489, 701, 12974, 6683, 11, 323, 499, 4805, 8108, 8246, 12571, 323, 33384, 10374, 13, 2435, 3207, 704, 1070, 11, 433, 1120, 5097, 264, 2697, 810, 5149, 627, 39787, 7953, 701, 2883, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 3339, 2731, 16369, 23395, 11429, 2949, 701, 5274, 11, 527, 279, 2819, 323, 9131, 315, 279, 29629, 304, 701, 8312, 8957, 31269, 11942, 449, 701, 1866, 30, 1226, 7055, 449, 1057, 23395, 11441, 1855, 892, 584, 2035, 459, 2015, 13, 1472, 11, 4276, 279, 19353, 11, 1893, 7631, 13, 21335, 22698, 311, 5220, 430, 527, 1101, 4737, 463, 32344, 7504, 311, 8108, 872, 15652, 323, 12571, 11, 1778, 439, 701, 5274, 8312, 21390, 13, 578, 3157, 690, 32151, 5220, 430, 1541, 1431, 11, 323, 11565, 1884, 430, 656, 13, 10604, 8638, 449, 499, 627, 51425, 58011, 304, 279, 27465, 627, 13129, 950, 5274, 22484, 617, 279, 4754, 311, 387, 7701, 21503, 323, 649, 48291, 7958, 279, 5178, 11, 23871, 323, 26206, 315, 701, 8420, 13, 1442, 499, 3207, 264, 5597, 25214, 11, 499, 617, 264, 12014, 311, 3493, 264, 6220, 11, 9498, 27465, 13, 21335, 22698, 311, 6012, 449, 2040, 481, 11276, 11, 44611, 5933, 53121, 323, 64729, 430, 1005, 3428, 8437, 511, 57948, 323, 28954, 287, 13, 17652, 1610, 349, 6293, 4918, 304, 44910, 12295, 449, 26613, 56234, 13, 28069, 349, 701, 5274, 449, 11012, 430, 527, 3967, 311, 81155, 279, 3805, 323, 4148, 11742, 68857, 1105, 1418, 70275, 12782, 40589, 13, 21829, 23395, 1511, 477, 83415, 5274, 14891, 11, 439, 433, 706, 2736, 1022, 2427, 60104, 28856, 26333, 323, 68857, 1105, 627, 4198, 425, 701, 8420, 627, 791, 6307, 478, 26305, 18637, 304, 279, 1917, 690, 387, 55288, 422, 279, 4857, 753, 75772, 7784, 1431, 17045, 11, 323, 6832, 41329, 9021, 7784, 1431, 27210, 449, 279, 2883, 753, 13, 2650, 279, 5274, 374, 25366, 374, 1120, 439, 3062, 439, 1268, 433, 574, 5918, 704, 13, 3365, 425, 701, 8420, 555, 810, 1109, 1120, 30447, 11821, 701, 41329, 3197, 11, 719, 1101, 26073, 3249, 3738, 11193, 1051, 11798, 320, 72, 1770, 13, 279, 3090, 1752, 4433, 24624, 690, 3665, 220, 5154, 74, 51222, 315, 3090, 420, 1060, 570, 1442, 502, 14645, 617, 1027, 11798, 11, 10552, 1268, 311, 1005, 1124, 13, 56900, 8420, 889, 527, 59314, 304, 10695, 279, 2883, 11322, 872, 41329, 9021, 13, 7557, 433, 17125, 323, 4228, 369, 8420, 311, 61843, 13, 40665, 18797, 15596, 3090, 369, 8420, 4856, 1109, 23395, 3090, 27474, 627, 21076, 287, 264, 22556, 1972, 12675, 8446, 374, 2216, 4400, 810, 1109, 11469, 264, 7941, 1972, 12675, 8446, 13, 4418, 1431, 1120, 1054, 3427, 6307, 863, 369, 1501, 11, 719, 387, 49424, 304, 701, 5603, 323, 499, 690, 58003, 279, 7720, 13, 578, 8206, 374, 11, 264, 6307, 5274, 690, 7692, 44467, 8420, 1418, 40646, 74055, 701, 5740, 1584, 11, 779, 656, 433, 1314, 627, 40, 6137, 70438, 449, 279, 15957, 927, 8254, 1667, 4227, 11, 323, 433, 706, 19168, 311, 387, 279, 1455, 24629, 323, 42093, 11351, 358, 1436, 617, 11096, 627, 37461, 11066, 4776, 449, 279, 15957, 323, 3794, 6532, 449, 832, 315, 1057, 42547, 6835, 499, 264, 6140, 311, 16988, 449, 1023, 1093, 34423, 15749, 889, 907, 41329, 11, 323, 1390, 311, 2349, 323, 7417, 1268, 584, 1977, 11, 48678, 323, 10299, 1057, 5918, 4676, 13, 4452, 11, 433, 753, 810, 1109, 1120, 29130, 323, 3339, 29869, 323, 15525, 2626, 323, 4443, 12135, 13, 578, 3697, 315, 1057, 26176, 753, 11692, 2128, 527, 8647, 369, 10917, 6848, 1139, 1957, 430, 1520, 6211, 586, 9647, 1418, 67805, 3885, 922, 279, 12939, 315, 3318, 304, 264, 1054, 38128, 4857, 863, 323, 18189, 1057, 12434, 43972, 13, 1226, 3552, 13489, 220, 605, 2254, 4029, 4455, 30171, 11, 6832, 5536, 374, 539, 311, 387, 14653, 660, 439, 814, 1514, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 4726, 287, 6307, 4857, 35954, 1418, 8405, 16627, 10708, 369, 1884, 2736, 304, 11, 323, 4994, 315, 1057, 4725, 26436, 315, 10383, 627, 40, 1427, 4741, 311, 6574, 502, 4885, 520, 1057, 6574, 323, 34168, 709, 449, 11537, 12580, 627, 128001 ]

I have had a wonderful birthday today. I can't believe how many cards and messages I have received. My stepson is up here for a couple of days with a friend's ten year old daughter (as she is busy at work). down to the Town Basin for a delicious lunch. Back home to pick up some fishing rods and we headed down to the river for some fishing where a fish was caught. We then stopped fishing so that a boy and his mother could operate a remote controlled boat which travelled at 55 kms per hour. Been out virtually all day and just returned at 5.30. I will now make a quick frittata for our tea and I know there will be some more phone calls. Oh, and I got a special tattoo for my 71st birthday and a lovely watch from Doug. I am spoilt!!!! In spite of everything going on with Max I had a very enjoyable Christmas. We spent it at Doug's with two ladies who would, otherwise, have been on their own. I had a lazy day as Doug insisted on cooking the meal. He usually, no, always, comes to my place for his evening meals and said it was my turn to have a meal cooked for me and delicious it was too. I visited Max on the way there - he has not been very well lately and the Rest Home has just started to mouli his meals. He has been their best eater but lately has been holding his food in his mouth and not swallowing hence the mouli. He is sleeping more and more and it is rare for him to wake up while I am visiting these days. Because he was unwell I have increased my visiting. One of Doug's daughters and her children 18 and 19 were going to come for a meal late afternoon on Christmas day but, at the last moment, it was decided that they would come on Boxing Day for lunch - a much better idea so we had a second Christmas meal then. Yesterday, after walking Sophie at the Town Basin, we did some shopping - I wanted some trousers for Max but could only find 3/4 length ones as he has to have elastic waist. More shopping today in another part of town and I got just what I was looking for at Farmers - only one pair in his size left and they will need to be shortened by a good few inches. My stepson arrives tomorrow to stay for a day or two and see his Dad. Must get ready for him. Have just been to Hikurangi to pick up some freshly caught fish from one of Doug's nephews. Enough for about six meals plus mussels plus a crayfish. Yummy. Yesterday, the flowers in the house needed replacing so I picked this bucket full. Every year my cousin in Canada sends me a pewter ornament from Amos Pewters in Nova Scotia. Here is this year's one - a nautilus shell. I always receive them in November but wait until Christmas Day to open them. It is on the tree with all the others - must be getting close to 30 now. I have been very pleased with a couple of flowers in particular over the last couple of days - a surprise as we have had such terrible weather, rain, rain, rain. The above is a flower from my Oak Leaf Hydrangea. The flowerhead is 15 inches long. Yesterday morning I discovered this in flower just at eye height - it was all over this morning but was wonderful while it lasted. and here is a smaller Hydrangea with some Christmas Decorations. The best news of all is that Max and I became Great-grandparents on the 17th - a 7lb baby girl called Taylor. The photo I have is in a format I am unable to transfer to the Blog.

780

[ 128000, 40, 617, 1047, 264, 11364, 15553, 3432, 13, 358, 649, 956, 4510, 1268, 1690, 7563, 323, 6743, 358, 617, 4036, 627, 5159, 3094, 942, 374, 709, 1618, 369, 264, 5743, 315, 2919, 449, 264, 4333, 596, 5899, 1060, 2362, 10003, 320, 300, 1364, 374, 13326, 520, 990, 4390, 2996, 311, 279, 14298, 61358, 369, 264, 18406, 16163, 13, 6984, 2162, 311, 3820, 709, 1063, 20543, 58000, 323, 584, 19946, 1523, 311, 279, 15140, 369, 1063, 20543, 1405, 264, 7795, 574, 10791, 13, 1226, 1243, 10717, 20543, 779, 430, 264, 8334, 323, 813, 6691, 1436, 14816, 264, 8870, 14400, 15688, 902, 46368, 520, 220, 2131, 97777, 824, 6596, 627, 26158, 704, 21907, 682, 1938, 323, 1120, 6052, 520, 220, 20, 13, 966, 13, 358, 690, 1457, 1304, 264, 4062, 282, 56013, 460, 369, 1057, 15600, 323, 358, 1440, 1070, 690, 387, 1063, 810, 4641, 6880, 627, 12174, 11, 323, 358, 2751, 264, 3361, 32894, 369, 856, 220, 6028, 267, 15553, 323, 264, 17104, 3821, 505, 32608, 13, 358, 1097, 20016, 3036, 17523, 198, 644, 34781, 315, 4395, 2133, 389, 449, 7639, 358, 1047, 264, 1633, 32180, 10280, 13, 1226, 7543, 433, 520, 32608, 596, 449, 1403, 23628, 889, 1053, 11, 6062, 11, 617, 1027, 389, 872, 1866, 627, 40, 1047, 264, 16053, 1938, 439, 32608, 29676, 389, 17677, 279, 15496, 13, 1283, 6118, 11, 912, 11, 2744, 11, 4131, 311, 856, 2035, 369, 813, 11714, 21644, 323, 1071, 433, 574, 856, 2543, 311, 617, 264, 15496, 30205, 369, 757, 323, 18406, 433, 574, 2288, 627, 40, 12263, 7639, 389, 279, 1648, 1070, 482, 568, 706, 539, 1027, 1633, 1664, 31445, 323, 279, 9240, 5492, 706, 1120, 3940, 311, 54409, 747, 813, 21644, 13, 1283, 706, 1027, 872, 1888, 87135, 719, 31445, 706, 1027, 10168, 813, 3691, 304, 813, 11013, 323, 539, 91747, 16472, 279, 54409, 747, 627, 1548, 374, 21811, 810, 323, 810, 323, 433, 374, 9024, 369, 1461, 311, 15508, 709, 1418, 358, 1097, 17136, 1521, 2919, 13, 9393, 568, 574, 653, 9336, 358, 617, 7319, 856, 17136, 627, 4054, 315, 32608, 596, 30968, 323, 1077, 2911, 220, 972, 323, 220, 777, 1051, 2133, 311, 2586, 369, 264, 15496, 3389, 13658, 389, 10280, 1938, 719, 11, 520, 279, 1566, 4545, 11, 433, 574, 6773, 430, 814, 1053, 2586, 389, 72683, 6187, 369, 16163, 482, 264, 1790, 2731, 4623, 779, 584, 1047, 264, 2132, 10280, 15496, 1243, 627, 51377, 11, 1306, 11689, 60410, 520, 279, 14298, 61358, 11, 584, 1550, 1063, 12185, 482, 358, 4934, 1063, 68776, 369, 7639, 719, 1436, 1193, 1505, 220, 18, 14, 19, 3160, 6305, 439, 568, 706, 311, 617, 36573, 29142, 627, 7816, 12185, 3432, 304, 2500, 961, 315, 6424, 323, 358, 2751, 1120, 1148, 358, 574, 3411, 369, 520, 63422, 482, 1193, 832, 6857, 304, 813, 1404, 2163, 323, 814, 690, 1205, 311, 387, 66663, 555, 264, 1695, 2478, 15271, 627, 5159, 3094, 942, 30782, 16986, 311, 4822, 369, 264, 1938, 477, 1403, 323, 1518, 813, 33621, 13, 15832, 636, 5644, 369, 1461, 13, 12522, 1120, 1027, 311, 473, 1609, 324, 79428, 311, 3820, 709, 1063, 50999, 10791, 7795, 505, 832, 315, 32608, 596, 44964, 28844, 13, 62692, 369, 922, 4848, 21644, 5636, 296, 32964, 5636, 264, 90016, 18668, 13, 816, 8742, 627, 51377, 11, 279, 19837, 304, 279, 3838, 4460, 25935, 779, 358, 13061, 420, 15994, 2539, 627, 11769, 1060, 856, 36271, 304, 7008, 22014, 757, 264, 62516, 466, 79760, 505, 3383, 437, 57717, 5153, 304, 35741, 63966, 13, 5810, 374, 420, 1060, 596, 832, 482, 264, 4415, 91728, 12811, 13, 358, 2744, 5371, 1124, 304, 6841, 719, 3868, 3156, 10280, 6187, 311, 1825, 1124, 13, 1102, 374, 389, 279, 5021, 449, 682, 279, 3885, 482, 2011, 387, 3794, 3345, 311, 220, 966, 1457, 627, 40, 617, 1027, 1633, 18949, 449, 264, 5743, 315, 19837, 304, 4040, 927, 279, 1566, 5743, 315, 2919, 482, 264, 13051, 439, 584, 617, 1047, 1778, 17936, 9282, 11, 11422, 11, 11422, 11, 11422, 627, 791, 3485, 374, 264, 23153, 505, 856, 18787, 27967, 10320, 3696, 853, 64, 13, 578, 23153, 2025, 374, 220, 868, 15271, 1317, 627, 51377, 6693, 358, 11352, 420, 304, 23153, 1120, 520, 8071, 2673, 482, 433, 574, 682, 927, 420, 6693, 719, 574, 11364, 1418, 433, 36513, 627, 438, 1618, 374, 264, 9333, 10320, 3696, 853, 64, 449, 1063, 10280, 28069, 811, 627, 791, 1888, 3754, 315, 682, 374, 430, 7639, 323, 358, 6244, 8681, 72102, 26534, 389, 279, 220, 1114, 339, 482, 264, 220, 22, 21807, 8945, 3828, 2663, 16844, 13, 578, 6685, 358, 617, 374, 304, 264, 3645, 358, 1097, 12153, 311, 8481, 311, 279, 14496, 627, 128001 ]

|Mission duration||310 days| |Launch mass||400 kg| |Start of mission| |Launch date||26 April 1968, 04:42:56 GMT| |Launch site||Kapustin Yar, Site 86/4| |End of mission| |Last contact||28 February 1969| |Decay date||2 March 1969| |Perigee altitude||215 km| |Apogee altitude||1745 km| |Epoch||26 April 1968| Kosmos 219 (Russian: Космос 219 meaning Cosmos 219), also known as DS-U2-D No.2, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1968 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 400 kilograms (880 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used to investigate flows of charged particles in the magnetosphere of the Earth. A Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 219 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 86/4 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 04:42:56 GMT on 26 April 1968, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into orbit. Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1968-038A. The North American Aerospace Air Command assigned it the catalogue number 03220. Kosmos 219 was the second of two DS-U2-D satellites to be launched, after Kosmos 137. It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 215 kilometres (134 mi), an apogee of 1,745 kilometres (1,084 mi), 48.4° of inclination, and an orbital period of 104.7 minutes. It completed operations on 28 February 1969, before decaying from orbit and reentering the atmosphere on 2 March.

411

[ 128000, 91, 57051, 8250, 8651, 12226, 2919, 7511, 91, 33167, 3148, 8651, 3443, 21647, 7511, 91, 3563, 315, 9131, 7511, 91, 33167, 2457, 8651, 1627, 5936, 220, 5162, 23, 11, 220, 2371, 25, 2983, 25, 3487, 25497, 7511, 91, 33167, 2816, 8651, 42, 391, 45335, 113381, 11, 13207, 220, 4218, 14, 19, 7511, 91, 3812, 315, 9131, 7511, 91, 5966, 3729, 8651, 1591, 7552, 220, 5162, 24, 7511, 91, 5005, 352, 2457, 8651, 17, 5587, 220, 5162, 24, 7511, 91, 3976, 343, 2176, 36958, 8651, 12112, 13437, 7511, 91, 10835, 540, 2176, 36958, 8651, 11771, 20, 13437, 7511, 91, 45438, 8651, 1627, 5936, 220, 5162, 23, 7511, 42, 437, 8801, 220, 13762, 320, 48807, 25, 36479, 23630, 116651, 220, 13762, 7438, 84524, 220, 13762, 705, 1101, 3967, 439, 21223, 35681, 17, 9607, 2360, 13, 17, 11, 574, 264, 19953, 24088, 902, 574, 11887, 304, 220, 5162, 23, 439, 961, 315, 279, 423, 77, 752, 897, 8980, 85, 4991, 328, 631, 22212, 18629, 13, 1102, 574, 264, 220, 3443, 85402, 320, 19272, 19398, 8, 42640, 11, 902, 574, 5918, 555, 279, 816, 5308, 71, 2201, 9188, 7127, 22555, 11, 323, 574, 1511, 311, 19874, 28555, 315, 11684, 19252, 304, 279, 33297, 66222, 315, 279, 9420, 627, 32, 38208, 8801, 12, 17, 40, 220, 5495, 9691, 19115, 25294, 574, 1511, 311, 7195, 38208, 8801, 220, 13762, 1139, 3428, 9420, 27605, 13, 578, 7195, 3952, 2035, 505, 13207, 220, 4218, 14, 19, 520, 32765, 45335, 113381, 13, 578, 7195, 10222, 520, 220, 2371, 25, 2983, 25, 3487, 25497, 389, 220, 1627, 5936, 220, 5162, 23, 11, 323, 19543, 304, 279, 6992, 37027, 315, 279, 24088, 1139, 27605, 13, 30538, 19261, 27605, 11, 279, 24088, 574, 12893, 1202, 38208, 8801, 43851, 11, 323, 4036, 279, 7327, 7127, 859, 220, 5162, 23, 12, 24462, 32, 13, 578, 4892, 3778, 81965, 6690, 7498, 12893, 433, 279, 49639, 1396, 220, 21040, 508, 627, 42, 437, 8801, 220, 13762, 574, 279, 2132, 315, 1403, 21223, 35681, 17, 9607, 47710, 311, 387, 11887, 11, 1306, 38208, 8801, 220, 10148, 13, 1102, 574, 24026, 304, 459, 27605, 449, 264, 824, 343, 2176, 315, 220, 12112, 52957, 320, 9565, 9686, 705, 459, 1469, 540, 2176, 315, 220, 16, 11, 23901, 52957, 320, 16, 11, 26720, 9686, 705, 220, 2166, 13, 19, 11877, 315, 77004, 11, 323, 459, 65691, 4261, 315, 220, 6849, 13, 22, 4520, 13, 1102, 8308, 7677, 389, 220, 1591, 7552, 220, 5162, 24, 11, 1603, 1654, 17718, 505, 27605, 323, 312, 1992, 287, 279, 16975, 389, 220, 17, 5587, 13, 128001 ]

In our yards where we have brick, stone or pebbles, even mulched areas weeds are constantly growing, creating a nuisance. A weed killer is often used but the results are temporary. This season there are some new products available, these products kill weeds for one whole season. It is a combination of very fast killing ingredients and some that last for a long time. It keeps your patio areas weed free for a year.

86

[ 128000, 644, 1057, 14006, 1405, 584, 617, 25878, 11, 9998, 477, 1069, 6194, 645, 11, 1524, 15975, 2454, 5789, 70535, 527, 15320, 7982, 11, 6968, 264, 77741, 13, 362, 40475, 25534, 374, 3629, 1511, 719, 279, 3135, 527, 13643, 13, 1115, 3280, 1070, 527, 1063, 502, 3956, 2561, 11, 1521, 3956, 5622, 70535, 369, 832, 4459, 3280, 13, 1102, 374, 264, 10824, 315, 1633, 5043, 13419, 14293, 323, 1063, 430, 1566, 369, 264, 1317, 892, 13, 1102, 13912, 701, 32278, 5789, 40475, 1949, 369, 264, 1060, 13, 128001 ]

On this confusingly, awesome episode of The College Gamers Podcast: Mike and Taft pick their favorite games of the year. Steam had some issues on Christmas day. Mike and Taft talk about why Battlefront is not getting Force Awakens content. Will the Coleco Chameleon be a flop? We think so. Russian man sues Bethesda for addiction. Some photos of agent were leaked. Mike and Taft have fun dying in Ark: Survival Evolved. And more on this year’s end episode of The College Gamers Podcast! On this shocking episode of The College Gamers Podcast: Mike electrocutes himself like a dumbo. Taft visited the place where dreams come true. Kojima has started his own club. Kingdom Hearts 3 is coming to the one xbox. Firewatch is not as boring as it sounds. Mafia wars may start in GTA 5? Paid character boosts are now in Destiny. Mike and Taft agree that dinosaurs are pretty freakin cool! And more on this Star Wars spoiler free episode of The College Gamers! Patreon Page Is Up! Hello everyone! So, Taft and I spent the morning this morning working with Taft on The College Gamers Patreon page. It’s pretty exciting and official looking. We have all sorts of rewards for different levels of giving. Everything from added to a list of “The Most Amazing People on the Planet” to free t-shirts… that haven’t been designed yet. Weird right? It is still exciting and I am lot’s of people seeing. To be Honest? I don’t see it going anywhere. For now.. I am not a negative nancy! However I am realistic. I’m confident it is going to be a good while before we reach or first goal of $15. The main reason I made a Patreon page is the same reason I put the podcast name anywhere. Getting the name “The College Gamers Podcast” as many places as possible! The more places I can get our name out the better. Patreon is just another place I can advertise the podcast to be honest. Of course if the podcast does actually start paying for its own hosting I would be grateful beyond words. Beyond that I think my head would explode with gratefulness. But if I never make a dime from this podcasting thing that’s okay with me to! I do not want to make podcasts because I want to monetize them I make podcasts because I love doing it! Cheesy I know. But it is true! For anyone who want’s to take a look at our Patreon page the link is here.

554

[ 128000, 1966, 420, 31715, 398, 11, 12738, 9417, 315, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 30869, 25, 11519, 323, 24172, 728, 3820, 872, 7075, 3953, 315, 279, 1060, 13, 22578, 1047, 1063, 4819, 389, 10280, 1938, 13, 11519, 323, 24172, 728, 3137, 922, 3249, 16506, 7096, 374, 539, 3794, 11994, 18371, 71837, 2262, 13, 4946, 279, 24298, 1030, 921, 97911, 387, 264, 91442, 30, 1226, 1781, 779, 13, 8690, 893, 924, 288, 79431, 369, 27471, 13, 4427, 7397, 315, 8479, 1051, 34947, 13, 11519, 323, 24172, 728, 617, 2523, 23069, 304, 22791, 25, 54451, 10641, 8905, 13, 1628, 810, 389, 420, 1060, 753, 842, 9417, 315, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 30869, 4999, 1966, 420, 34734, 9417, 315, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 30869, 25, 11519, 25396, 66, 2142, 5678, 1093, 264, 294, 49709, 13, 24172, 728, 12263, 279, 2035, 1405, 19226, 2586, 837, 13, 735, 21963, 7675, 706, 3940, 813, 1866, 6469, 13, 15422, 53876, 220, 18, 374, 5108, 311, 279, 832, 82572, 13, 6785, 14658, 374, 539, 439, 28859, 439, 433, 10578, 13, 81995, 25981, 1253, 1212, 304, 59845, 220, 20, 30, 55182, 3752, 67232, 527, 1457, 304, 51497, 13, 11519, 323, 24172, 728, 7655, 430, 65375, 527, 5128, 30305, 258, 7155, 0, 1628, 810, 389, 420, 7834, 15317, 73306, 1949, 9417, 315, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 4999, 47, 16091, 263, 5874, 2209, 3216, 4999, 9906, 5127, 0, 2100, 11, 24172, 728, 323, 358, 7543, 279, 6693, 420, 6693, 3318, 449, 24172, 728, 389, 578, 9304, 31079, 388, 66212, 2199, 13, 1102, 753, 5128, 13548, 323, 4033, 3411, 13, 1226, 617, 682, 21522, 315, 21845, 369, 2204, 5990, 315, 7231, 13, 20696, 505, 3779, 311, 264, 1160, 315, 1054, 791, 7648, 37633, 9029, 389, 279, 29935, 863, 311, 1949, 259, 49760, 1981, 430, 9167, 1431, 1027, 6319, 3686, 13, 77253, 1314, 30, 1102, 374, 2103, 13548, 323, 358, 1097, 2763, 753, 315, 1274, 9298, 627, 1271, 387, 54284, 30, 358, 1541, 1431, 1518, 433, 2133, 12660, 13, 1789, 1457, 35047, 40, 1097, 539, 264, 8389, 308, 6709, 0, 4452, 358, 1097, 26569, 627, 40, 4344, 16913, 433, 374, 2133, 311, 387, 264, 1695, 1418, 1603, 584, 5662, 477, 1176, 5915, 315, 400, 868, 13, 578, 1925, 2944, 358, 1903, 264, 66212, 2199, 374, 279, 1890, 2944, 358, 2231, 279, 18181, 836, 12660, 13, 25531, 279, 836, 1054, 791, 9304, 31079, 388, 30869, 863, 439, 1690, 7634, 439, 3284, 0, 578, 810, 7634, 358, 649, 636, 1057, 836, 704, 279, 2731, 13, 66212, 374, 1120, 2500, 2035, 358, 649, 51936, 279, 18181, 311, 387, 10978, 627, 2173, 3388, 422, 279, 18181, 1587, 3604, 1212, 12798, 369, 1202, 1866, 20256, 358, 1053, 387, 26259, 7953, 4339, 13, 31886, 430, 358, 1781, 856, 2010, 1053, 16135, 449, 26259, 2136, 627, 4071, 422, 358, 2646, 1304, 264, 74953, 505, 420, 18181, 287, 3245, 430, 753, 17339, 449, 757, 311, 0, 358, 656, 539, 1390, 311, 1304, 55346, 1606, 358, 1390, 311, 58191, 553, 1124, 358, 1304, 55346, 1606, 358, 3021, 3815, 433, 0, 8602, 65741, 358, 1440, 13, 2030, 433, 374, 837, 0, 1789, 5606, 889, 1390, 753, 311, 1935, 264, 1427, 520, 1057, 66212, 2199, 279, 2723, 374, 1618, 627, 128001 ]

The coolant mist collector is a type of industrial air purifier which is made to remove the dust, particulates, and fumes in the air. The coolant mist collector is used commonly in the manufacturing settings such as the CNC production line or precision machining factories because an immense amount of fumes, particulates and other types of aerosols is generated during the metalworking operations such as CNC grinding or drilling. The aerosols or coolant mist are gluey and sticky substances made of industrial liquids, such as water vapors, lubricants or oils, and the particulate matters and dust. These substances will spread to places and gather into a greasy layer on the walls, ceilings, floors and the machines. The floor can become slippery and result in accidental falls of the employees in the work place. In addition, if the employees inhale the air with these substances, the respiratory system and lungs will be damaged. Furthermore, when they stuck into the gaps or joints of the machines, they jeopardize the precision and accuracy of them. If these substances are not properly collected and evacuated, they will compromise the employee safety and the working environment as well as causing higher cost of machinery maintenance. Therefore, the coolant mist collector is needed in these places to eliminate such conditions. The coolant mist plays an important role in the CNC metalwork operations. It is used to dissipate excess heat generated during heavy-duty, high-speed machining operations. In the cooling process, the coolant is combined with the air and released in the working operations; when the air mixed with coolant evaporates, the machines cool down. By cooling down the machines and tools, the efficiency of the work is enhanced significantly. The coolant is usually an oil-based synthetic substance, when they evaporate and release back into the air, they will eventually settle on all surfaces as mentioned. The coolant mist with dust and particulates will gather on floors, machines and people. The coolant mist is certainly useful to cool down the machines while working, but it can lead to irritation reactions and severe respiratory conditions if inhaled by people and they can affect the functions of the CNC machines in a long term if the mist is not removed. To remove the coolant mist and the unwanted aerosols from the air, the coolant mist collector is needed. There are three types of coolant mist collectors; each of them functions with the application of different mechanisms and unique features. They are best applicable to different environments, so when it comes to the selection of a coolant mist collector, how they work and to where it is going to be applied should be taken into consideration. The electrostatic coolant mist collectors apply the electrostatic technology with high voltage currents to gather the particulate matters and industrial liquids in the air. It works by giving the particulates positive charges and when they pass through plates with negative charges, they are trapped and hence filtered out from the air. However, when exposed to the coolant mist in a long period of time, the collector will be covered by a layer of the aerosols and the efficiency will decline. The monthly cleaning is required when using an electrostatic coolant mist collector. Depending on how heavy the duty is, the maintenance interval is suggested to be shortened. The centrifugal mist collector has the collecting system that revolves around the rotating filter. It is the oldest design of the coolant mist collectors. When the system revolves, the centrifugal force pushes the aerosols and particulates outwards to the wall of the machine. The walls are made of filters which trap the particulates and drain out the pure air only; the aerosols will stay on the wall. The drawbacks of this type of collector are that it can cause loud noises and it takes more power to work. The multi-stage media cartridge mist collector uses the 3-stage media system to filter the particulates. Some of the collectors include HEPA filters to better capture the industrial smoke and oil-based substances in the air. The maintenance of the collector is quite simple: just replace the filters regularly. This type of coolant mist collector is the most popular among the three because it is easy to maintain, it does not require much power, and it is silent while working. IMTS Exhibition includes manufacturers from around the world. Send us a message with your requirements and our IMTS Experts will happily help you with your questions.

897

[ 128000, 791, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 264, 955, 315, 13076, 3805, 4087, 3125, 902, 374, 1903, 311, 4148, 279, 16174, 11, 2598, 24031, 11, 323, 282, 19131, 304, 279, 3805, 13, 578, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 1511, 17037, 304, 279, 15266, 5110, 1778, 439, 279, 60797, 5788, 1584, 477, 16437, 98423, 35159, 1606, 459, 38883, 3392, 315, 282, 19131, 11, 2598, 24031, 323, 1023, 4595, 315, 49825, 3145, 374, 8066, 2391, 279, 9501, 21837, 7677, 1778, 439, 60797, 17282, 477, 39662, 13, 578, 49825, 3145, 477, 97870, 8770, 527, 38561, 88, 323, 28502, 33155, 1903, 315, 13076, 67849, 11, 1778, 439, 3090, 68857, 1105, 11, 54494, 1821, 477, 32462, 11, 323, 279, 2598, 6468, 13146, 323, 16174, 13, 4314, 33155, 690, 9041, 311, 7634, 323, 9762, 1139, 264, 2886, 6539, 6324, 389, 279, 14620, 11, 56814, 11, 27035, 323, 279, 12933, 13, 578, 6558, 649, 3719, 71672, 323, 1121, 304, 50016, 17503, 315, 279, 8420, 304, 279, 990, 2035, 627, 644, 5369, 11, 422, 279, 8420, 60537, 1604, 279, 3805, 449, 1521, 33155, 11, 279, 42631, 1887, 323, 45274, 690, 387, 20727, 13, 24296, 11, 994, 814, 16075, 1139, 279, 33251, 477, 35358, 315, 279, 12933, 11, 814, 53132, 553, 279, 16437, 323, 13708, 315, 1124, 13, 1442, 1521, 33155, 527, 539, 10489, 14890, 323, 63358, 11, 814, 690, 30485, 279, 9548, 7296, 323, 279, 3318, 4676, 439, 1664, 439, 14718, 5190, 2853, 315, 26953, 13709, 13, 15636, 11, 279, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 4460, 304, 1521, 7634, 311, 22472, 1778, 4787, 627, 791, 97870, 8770, 11335, 459, 3062, 3560, 304, 279, 60797, 9501, 1816, 7677, 13, 1102, 374, 1511, 311, 93522, 349, 13937, 8798, 8066, 2391, 8987, 55618, 11, 1579, 30699, 98423, 7677, 13, 763, 279, 28015, 1920, 11, 279, 97870, 374, 11093, 449, 279, 3805, 323, 6004, 304, 279, 3318, 7677, 26, 994, 279, 3805, 9709, 449, 97870, 60150, 988, 11, 279, 12933, 7155, 1523, 13, 3296, 28015, 1523, 279, 12933, 323, 7526, 11, 279, 15374, 315, 279, 990, 374, 24872, 12207, 627, 791, 97870, 374, 6118, 459, 5707, 6108, 28367, 20278, 11, 994, 814, 60150, 349, 323, 4984, 1203, 1139, 279, 3805, 11, 814, 690, 9778, 25760, 389, 682, 27529, 439, 9932, 13, 578, 97870, 8770, 449, 16174, 323, 2598, 24031, 690, 9762, 389, 27035, 11, 12933, 323, 1274, 13, 578, 97870, 8770, 374, 7995, 5505, 311, 7155, 1523, 279, 12933, 1418, 3318, 11, 719, 433, 649, 3063, 311, 66510, 25481, 323, 15748, 42631, 4787, 422, 304, 60985, 555, 1274, 323, 814, 649, 7958, 279, 5865, 315, 279, 60797, 12933, 304, 264, 1317, 4751, 422, 279, 8770, 374, 539, 7108, 627, 1271, 4148, 279, 97870, 8770, 323, 279, 36021, 49825, 3145, 505, 279, 3805, 11, 279, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 4460, 13, 2684, 527, 2380, 4595, 315, 97870, 8770, 52548, 26, 1855, 315, 1124, 5865, 449, 279, 3851, 315, 2204, 24717, 323, 5016, 4519, 13, 2435, 527, 1888, 8581, 311, 2204, 22484, 11, 779, 994, 433, 4131, 311, 279, 6727, 315, 264, 97870, 8770, 33053, 11, 1268, 814, 990, 323, 311, 1405, 433, 374, 2133, 311, 387, 9435, 1288, 387, 4529, 1139, 18361, 627, 791, 25396, 2020, 97870, 8770, 52548, 3881, 279, 25396, 2020, 5557, 449, 1579, 22465, 60701, 311, 9762, 279, 2598, 6468, 13146, 323, 13076, 67849, 304, 279, 3805, 13, 1102, 4375, 555, 7231, 279, 2598, 24031, 6928, 10405, 323, 994, 814, 1522, 1555, 25485, 449, 8389, 10405, 11, 814, 527, 31691, 323, 16472, 18797, 704, 505, 279, 3805, 13, 4452, 11, 994, 15246, 311, 279, 97870, 8770, 304, 264, 1317, 4261, 315, 892, 11, 279, 33053, 690, 387, 9960, 555, 264, 6324, 315, 279, 49825, 3145, 323, 279, 15374, 690, 18174, 13, 578, 15438, 16204, 374, 2631, 994, 1701, 459, 25396, 2020, 97870, 8770, 33053, 13, 40730, 389, 1268, 8987, 279, 14523, 374, 11, 279, 13709, 10074, 374, 12090, 311, 387, 66663, 627, 791, 74182, 45284, 8770, 33053, 706, 279, 26984, 1887, 430, 79476, 2212, 279, 42496, 4141, 13, 1102, 374, 279, 24417, 2955, 315, 279, 97870, 8770, 52548, 13, 3277, 279, 1887, 79476, 11, 279, 74182, 45284, 5457, 41802, 279, 49825, 3145, 323, 2598, 24031, 704, 4102, 311, 279, 7147, 315, 279, 5780, 13, 578, 14620, 527, 1903, 315, 13711, 902, 23709, 279, 2598, 24031, 323, 24659, 704, 279, 10748, 3805, 1193, 26, 279, 49825, 3145, 690, 4822, 389, 279, 7147, 13, 578, 89173, 315, 420, 955, 315, 33053, 527, 430, 433, 649, 5353, 17813, 58448, 323, 433, 5097, 810, 2410, 311, 990, 627, 791, 7447, 51256, 3772, 51962, 8770, 33053, 5829, 279, 220, 18, 51256, 3772, 1887, 311, 4141, 279, 2598, 24031, 13, 4427, 315, 279, 52548, 2997, 11947, 8201, 13711, 311, 2731, 12602, 279, 13076, 16603, 323, 5707, 6108, 33155, 304, 279, 3805, 13, 578, 13709, 315, 279, 33053, 374, 5115, 4382, 25, 1120, 8454, 279, 13711, 15870, 13, 1115, 955, 315, 97870, 8770, 33053, 374, 279, 1455, 5526, 4315, 279, 2380, 1606, 433, 374, 4228, 311, 10519, 11, 433, 1587, 539, 1397, 1790, 2410, 11, 323, 433, 374, 21737, 1418, 3318, 627, 1829, 10155, 68033, 5764, 17032, 505, 2212, 279, 1917, 13, 11244, 603, 264, 1984, 449, 701, 8670, 323, 1057, 6654, 10155, 51859, 690, 37875, 1520, 499, 449, 701, 4860, 13, 128001 ]

In this rapid burst of punk rage, Mitski repeatedly juxtaposes existential ideas with the pedestrian concerns of life. This highlights the disconnect between the grand scope of her thoughts and the reality of what she needs to do to survive in society. The absurdity of this contrast makes her plead for the chance to be martyred as Jesus was. Rather than deal with the mundanities of living, she seeks to die in a manner that will imbue her life with meaning.

95

[ 128000, 198, 644, 420, 11295, 21165, 315, 36858, 34049, 11, 60676, 6780, 19352, 98953, 20274, 67739, 6848, 449, 279, 47854, 10742, 315, 2324, 13, 1115, 22020, 279, 30069, 1990, 279, 6800, 7036, 315, 1077, 11555, 323, 279, 8903, 315, 1148, 1364, 3966, 311, 656, 311, 18167, 304, 8396, 13, 578, 32677, 488, 315, 420, 13168, 3727, 1077, 73293, 369, 279, 6140, 311, 387, 60449, 1171, 439, 10811, 574, 13, 26848, 1109, 3568, 449, 279, 41666, 276, 1385, 315, 5496, 11, 1364, 26737, 311, 2815, 304, 264, 11827, 430, 690, 73354, 361, 1077, 2324, 449, 7438, 13, 128001 ]

The silencing phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana lines with an inverted repeat transgene under the control of a phloem-specific promoter was manifested in regions around veins due to a mobile signal of silencing... OBJECTIVE—To study the efficacy of anti–miRNA-33 therapy on the progression of atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS—Ldlr mice were injected subcutaneously... Summary Transcriptional silencing and anti‐silencing mechanisms modulate bacterial physiology and virulence in many human pathogens... Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) processes double‐stranded (ds) RNAs into 21–25 nucleotide (nt) RNA fragments that direct ribonucleases to target cognate mRNAs... DNAzymes hold promise for gene‐silencing therapy, but the lack of sufficient cofactors in the cell cytoplasm, poor membrane permeability, and poor biostability have limited the use of DNAzymes in therapeutics... There are at least three RNA silencing pathways for silencing specific genes in plants... .... We assessed the potential of host-induced gene silencing targeting the fungal cytochrome P450 lanosterol C-14α-demethylase (CYP51... Successful application of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) for gene function study in both plants and animals depends on high target specificity and silencing efficiency... .... We are characterizing RNA-mediated chromatin silencing of the Arabidopsis major floral repressor gene, FLC...

329

[ 128000, 791, 5554, 11627, 82423, 304, 10989, 307, 33906, 270, 10700, 64, 5238, 449, 459, 47801, 13454, 1380, 43471, 1234, 279, 2585, 315, 264, 1343, 385, 336, 19440, 66642, 574, 79754, 304, 13918, 2212, 60764, 4245, 311, 264, 6505, 8450, 315, 5554, 11627, 9522, 44947, 6674, 2345, 1271, 4007, 279, 41265, 315, 7294, 4235, 8318, 31820, 12, 1644, 15419, 389, 279, 33824, 315, 264, 91882, 91711, 13, 94754, 12137, 3651, 54128, 2345, 43, 8910, 81, 24548, 1051, 41772, 1207, 10453, 20933, 9522, 19791, 4149, 1479, 278, 5554, 11627, 323, 7294, 31021, 35904, 11627, 24717, 1491, 6468, 45964, 78152, 323, 9043, 59566, 304, 1690, 3823, 78284, 9522, 4226, 1485, 1479, 278, 15207, 5554, 11627, 320, 2898, 16929, 8, 11618, 2033, 31021, 496, 6601, 320, 5469, 8, 46916, 2170, 1139, 220, 1691, 4235, 914, 31484, 69044, 320, 406, 8, 41214, 35603, 430, 2167, 20735, 263, 22935, 2315, 311, 2218, 19329, 349, 296, 51295, 2170, 9522, 56420, 21436, 288, 3412, 11471, 369, 15207, 31021, 35904, 11627, 15419, 11, 719, 279, 6996, 315, 14343, 69903, 21846, 304, 279, 2849, 9693, 99705, 10753, 11, 8009, 39654, 55424, 2968, 11, 323, 8009, 6160, 537, 2968, 617, 7347, 279, 1005, 315, 15922, 21436, 288, 304, 9139, 88886, 9522, 3947, 527, 520, 3325, 2380, 41214, 5554, 11627, 44014, 369, 5554, 11627, 3230, 21389, 304, 11012, 9522, 1975, 1226, 32448, 279, 4754, 315, 3552, 38973, 15207, 5554, 11627, 25103, 279, 95447, 9693, 998, 33002, 393, 10617, 31791, 11975, 337, 356, 12, 975, 19481, 77779, 42972, 521, 320, 34, 10158, 3971, 9522, 37474, 3851, 315, 1772, 1485, 1479, 278, 15207, 5554, 11627, 320, 2898, 16929, 8, 369, 15207, 734, 4007, 304, 2225, 11012, 323, 10099, 14117, 389, 1579, 2218, 76041, 323, 5554, 11627, 15374, 9522, 1975, 1226, 527, 3752, 4954, 41214, 82076, 22083, 15111, 5554, 11627, 315, 279, 10989, 307, 33906, 3682, 46119, 312, 57320, 15207, 11, 435, 8724, 9522, 128001 ]

As part of the First Contact Day celebrations John DeLancie has been confirmed to return as Q for the second season of STAR TREK: PICARD. Yesterday we celebrated First Contact Day, marking the occasion of first contact between humans and Vulcans on April 5, 2063. As part of the celebrations the folks at Star Trek and Paramount+ had a number of reveals for us. First of those was the confirmation that John DeLancie will be returning as Q for a number of episodes in Star Trek: Picard season 2. The series, currently in production, debuted a teaser featuring dialogue from both Patrick Stewart and DeLancie teasing the impish character’s return. Watch the moment that DeLancie was confirmed to return in the player below and head down the page for the Star Trek: Picard season 2 teaser.

172

[ 128000, 2170, 961, 315, 279, 5629, 9359, 6187, 47674, 3842, 1611, 43, 1149, 648, 706, 1027, 11007, 311, 471, 439, 1229, 369, 279, 2132, 3280, 315, 57845, 77986, 42, 25, 61706, 7527, 627, 51377, 584, 28284, 5629, 9359, 6187, 11, 36024, 279, 13402, 315, 1176, 3729, 1990, 12966, 323, 38506, 66, 598, 389, 5936, 220, 20, 11, 220, 11056, 18, 13, 1666, 961, 315, 279, 47674, 279, 15687, 520, 7834, 31571, 323, 82910, 10, 1047, 264, 1396, 315, 21667, 369, 603, 627, 5451, 315, 1884, 574, 279, 20109, 430, 3842, 1611, 43, 1149, 648, 690, 387, 13758, 439, 1229, 369, 264, 1396, 315, 18243, 304, 7834, 31571, 25, 26987, 569, 3280, 220, 17, 13, 578, 4101, 11, 5131, 304, 5788, 11, 58185, 264, 70653, 16850, 21976, 505, 2225, 20199, 29868, 323, 1611, 43, 1149, 648, 71463, 279, 3242, 819, 3752, 753, 471, 627, 14581, 279, 4545, 430, 1611, 43, 1149, 648, 574, 11007, 311, 471, 304, 279, 2851, 3770, 323, 2010, 1523, 279, 2199, 369, 279, 7834, 31571, 25, 26987, 569, 3280, 220, 17, 70653, 627, 128001 ]

Colonial Writing and the New World, 1583-1671: Allegories of Desire Colonial Writing in the New World 1583 1671 offers an account of the simultaneous emergence of colonialism and nationalism during the early modern period. It looks at the role that English interactions with native populations played in attempts to articulate a coherent English identity. Unlike most other studies of the subject, it suggests that colonialism is best understood as a phenomenon which had profound significance for people on both sides of the Atlantic. What people are saying - Write a review Other editions - View all able According activity allegory allow America appear argues argument articulate assertion attempt become bring called Catholic century chapter Christian claims colonial colonists construct context conversion course critical culture DeBry DeBry's define describes desire Dialogues discourse discussion effect efforts Eliot England English English colonial engravings enterprise European fact fear figures follows function give Gray hand Harriot hope images imagine important Indians instance interests Ireland Irenius Irish John land language later Léry less live London Massachusetts means missionary move namely narrative national identity native inhabitants native populations nature offer period political position present problems Protestant Protestantism published Puritans question readers religious represent seems sense sermons serve settlers significant simply Spanish Spenser suggests Symonds things true turn ultimately University Press View Virginia Voyage Williams Williams's World writing York

261

[ 128000, 89765, 532, 24838, 323, 279, 1561, 4435, 11, 220, 11286, 18, 12, 11515, 16, 25, 58824, 2490, 315, 82524, 198, 89765, 532, 24838, 304, 279, 1561, 4435, 220, 11286, 18, 220, 11515, 16, 6209, 459, 2759, 315, 279, 58632, 49179, 315, 37683, 2191, 323, 60533, 2391, 279, 4216, 6617, 4261, 13, 1102, 5992, 520, 279, 3560, 430, 6498, 22639, 449, 10068, 22673, 6476, 304, 13865, 311, 69318, 264, 56887, 6498, 9764, 13, 27140, 1455, 1023, 7978, 315, 279, 3917, 11, 433, 13533, 430, 37683, 2191, 374, 1888, 16365, 439, 264, 25885, 902, 1047, 28254, 26431, 369, 1274, 389, 2225, 11314, 315, 279, 23179, 627, 3923, 1274, 527, 5605, 482, 9842, 264, 3477, 198, 11663, 47634, 482, 2806, 682, 198, 481, 10771, 5820, 7179, 683, 2187, 5270, 5101, 29633, 5811, 69318, 28519, 4879, 3719, 4546, 2663, 16879, 9478, 12735, 9052, 8349, 37683, 15235, 1705, 9429, 2317, 14747, 3388, 9200, 7829, 1611, 33, 894, 1611, 33, 894, 596, 7124, 16964, 12876, 13698, 1157, 41602, 10430, 2515, 9045, 34362, 354, 9635, 6498, 6498, 37683, 665, 36490, 826, 20790, 7665, 2144, 8850, 12678, 11263, 734, 3041, 24255, 1450, 5340, 85150, 3987, 5448, 13085, 3062, 30507, 2937, 12034, 14990, 358, 1466, 9334, 18088, 3842, 4363, 4221, 3010, 445, 125949, 2753, 3974, 7295, 22108, 3445, 73998, 3351, 32125, 19775, 5426, 9764, 10068, 40771, 10068, 22673, 7138, 3085, 4261, 5054, 2361, 3118, 5435, 60753, 60753, 2191, 4756, 14874, 275, 598, 3488, 13016, 10597, 4097, 5084, 5647, 1446, 24483, 8854, 61107, 5199, 5042, 15506, 3165, 60544, 13533, 11629, 51058, 2574, 837, 2543, 13967, 3907, 8612, 2806, 13286, 96372, 13926, 13926, 596, 4435, 4477, 4356, 128001 ]

This product is great! I noticed an amazing difference in my hair after just one use. I normally blow dry and straighten my hair (which is bleached blonde), so it's often very dried out. This serum, although pricey, works wonders. My hair is softer, smoother and less frizzy, and it only required about a dime sized portion.4

74

[ 128000, 198, 2028, 2027, 374, 2294, 0, 358, 14000, 459, 8056, 6811, 304, 856, 7013, 1306, 1120, 832, 1005, 13, 358, 14614, 12523, 9235, 323, 7833, 268, 856, 7013, 320, 8370, 374, 12704, 3939, 27117, 705, 779, 433, 596, 3629, 1633, 32720, 704, 13, 1115, 41529, 11, 8051, 79462, 11, 4375, 40164, 13, 3092, 7013, 374, 64230, 11, 61405, 323, 2753, 1448, 91591, 11, 323, 433, 1193, 2631, 922, 264, 74953, 30387, 13651, 13, 19, 128001 ]

CORONA VIRUS AND PREGNANCY Coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold and seasonal flu. Symptoms range from mild to severe. COVID-19 is the name given to the disease caused by this year’s outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus. MODE OF SPREAD OF VIRUS: The new coronavirus spreads from person to person via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes especially when people are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet). Pregnant women experience immunologic changes which make them more susceptible to viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19. It’s not clear if a COVID-19 an infection could harm an unborn child, although high fevers during the first trimester can be detrimental. As rightly said “Prevention is better than cure”, it is advisable to take all possible precautions to avoid CORONA infection. These precautions include: - Washing hands frequently with soap and water. Wash for at least 20 seconds before you eat, after you sneeze and after using the bathroom. - Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers in addition to hand-washing. - Regularly clean surfaces like counters, mobile phones, tables, etc. - Avoid crowded places like markets, malls etc. - Cover your mouth with tissue/ handkerchief while sneezing and - Avoid contact with anyone with cold or flu symptoms. - Stay home from work if you are sick. Whether the disease will be transmitted to the foetus or the newborn baby if the mother has corona infection during pregnancy is not clear yet. Also, there is no information on long-term health effects on infants either with COVID-19, or those exposed in utero to the virus that causes COVID-19. CARE OF NEWBORN TO AVOID COVID 19 INFECTION: Newborns have undeveloped immune systems. Hence they are also susceptible to the infection. Precautions to be taken are: - It’s best to avoid taking the newborn to crowded places. - Limit the number of visitors visiting the baby. - Ask people to wash hands with soap and water and also use sanitizers before touching the baby. - Breastfeeding is recommended, as babies receive antibodies (since there is no evidence yet, that corona infection can be passed on through breast milk). - INCASE OF ANY QUERIES/ COMPLAINTS IT’S BEST TOCONSULT YOUR DOCTOR. - STAY CALM AND DO NOT PANIC. - MEDITATE, EAT HEALTHY FOOD AND STAY INDOORS, TO INCREASE YOUR IMMUNITY.

589

[ 128000, 53420, 96087, 75795, 2078, 3651, 393, 12450, 45, 27267, 56, 198, 10803, 263, 24713, 374, 264, 3070, 315, 42068, 430, 649, 5353, 42631, 13803, 4528, 311, 279, 4279, 9439, 323, 36899, 20236, 13, 77417, 2134, 505, 23900, 311, 15748, 13, 20562, 12, 777, 374, 279, 836, 2728, 311, 279, 8624, 9057, 555, 420, 1060, 753, 31188, 315, 264, 502, 26800, 315, 33333, 627, 23653, 3083, 9440, 9754, 3083, 75795, 2078, 512, 791, 502, 33333, 43653, 505, 1732, 311, 1732, 4669, 42631, 7118, 90592, 9124, 994, 459, 29374, 1732, 40700, 82, 477, 21423, 10333, 288, 5423, 994, 1274, 527, 304, 3345, 3729, 449, 832, 2500, 320, 56950, 922, 220, 21, 7693, 570, 60747, 519, 3278, 3217, 33119, 39227, 4442, 902, 1304, 1124, 810, 47281, 311, 29962, 42631, 30020, 11, 2737, 20562, 12, 777, 13, 1102, 753, 539, 2867, 422, 264, 20562, 12, 777, 459, 19405, 1436, 11682, 459, 86333, 1716, 11, 8051, 1579, 1172, 3078, 2391, 279, 1176, 75110, 261, 649, 387, 65069, 627, 2170, 54466, 1071, 1054, 4808, 7611, 374, 2731, 1109, 27208, 9520, 433, 374, 69919, 311, 1935, 682, 3284, 61003, 311, 5766, 27563, 96087, 19405, 627, 9673, 61003, 2997, 512, 12, 82238, 6206, 14134, 449, 27883, 323, 3090, 13, 6113, 369, 520, 3325, 220, 508, 6622, 1603, 499, 8343, 11, 1306, 499, 21423, 68, 3059, 323, 1306, 1701, 279, 15197, 627, 12, 5560, 13200, 6108, 1450, 20399, 12509, 304, 5369, 311, 1450, 2695, 19587, 627, 12, 29900, 398, 4335, 27529, 1093, 32632, 11, 6505, 18084, 11, 12920, 11, 5099, 627, 12, 35106, 39313, 7634, 1093, 11987, 11, 84468, 5099, 627, 12, 18230, 701, 11013, 449, 20438, 14, 1450, 7197, 62626, 1418, 21423, 10333, 287, 323, 198, 12, 35106, 3729, 449, 5606, 449, 9439, 477, 20236, 13803, 627, 12, 29837, 2162, 505, 990, 422, 499, 527, 14363, 627, 25729, 279, 8624, 690, 387, 34699, 311, 279, 12018, 64476, 477, 279, 46397, 8945, 422, 279, 6691, 706, 1867, 6863, 19405, 2391, 20209, 374, 539, 2867, 3686, 13, 7429, 11, 1070, 374, 912, 2038, 389, 1317, 9860, 2890, 6372, 389, 42534, 3060, 449, 20562, 12, 777, 11, 477, 1884, 15246, 304, 8791, 2382, 311, 279, 17188, 430, 11384, 20562, 12, 777, 627, 34, 4577, 3083, 16560, 33, 47052, 5257, 362, 25019, 20562, 220, 777, 2006, 11673, 3664, 512, 3648, 16381, 82, 617, 59995, 1851, 291, 22852, 6067, 13, 32140, 814, 527, 1101, 47281, 311, 279, 19405, 13, 5075, 936, 4065, 311, 387, 4529, 527, 512, 12, 1102, 753, 1888, 311, 5766, 4737, 279, 46397, 311, 39313, 7634, 627, 12, 29108, 279, 1396, 315, 15613, 17136, 279, 8945, 627, 12, 21069, 1274, 311, 11623, 6206, 449, 27883, 323, 3090, 323, 1101, 1005, 20399, 12509, 1603, 31687, 279, 8945, 627, 12, 57598, 46519, 374, 11349, 11, 439, 24869, 5371, 59854, 320, 11536, 1070, 374, 912, 6029, 3686, 11, 430, 1867, 6863, 19405, 649, 387, 5946, 389, 1555, 17659, 14403, 4390, 12, 18610, 4157, 3083, 4230, 27090, 643, 5482, 14, 7837, 2989, 32, 3301, 50, 8871, 40702, 46882, 5257, 96594, 3616, 21592, 9503, 27371, 627, 12, 4015, 3097, 34007, 44, 3651, 9503, 4276, 73381, 1341, 627, 12, 386, 17379, 2390, 11, 469, 835, 73725, 56, 88227, 3651, 4015, 3097, 2006, 5989, 10022, 11, 5257, 2006, 80691, 21592, 69493, 57273, 13, 128001 ]

<# .SYNOPSIS Helper script to build OpenPype Installer. .DESCRIPTION This script will use already built OpenPype (in `build` directory) and create Windows installer from it using Inno Setup (https://jrsoftware.org/) .EXAMPLE PS> .\build_win_installer.ps1 #> function Start-Progress { param([ScriptBlock]$code) $scroll = "/-\|/-\|" $idx = 0 $job = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $env:ComputerName -ScriptBlock { $code } -AsJob $origpos = $host.UI.RawUI.CursorPosition # $origpos.Y -= 1 while (($job.State -eq "Running") -and ($job.State -ne "NotStarted")) { $host.UI.RawUI.CursorPosition = $origpos Write-Host $scroll[$idx] -NoNewline $idx++ if ($idx -ge $scroll.Length) { $idx = 0 } Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100 } # It's over - clear the activity indicator. $host.UI.RawUI.CursorPosition = $origpos Write-Host ' ' <# .SYNOPSIS Display spinner for running job .PARAMETER code Job to display spinner for #> } function Exit-WithCode($exitcode) { # Only exit this host process if it's a child of another PowerShell parent process... $parentPID = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Process -Filter "ProcessId=$PID" | Select-Object -Property ParentProcessId).ParentProcessId $parentProcName = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Process -Filter "ProcessId=$parentPID" | Select-Object -Property Name).Name if ('powershell.exe' -eq $parentProcName) { $host.SetShouldExit($exitcode) } exit $exitcode } function Show-PSWarning() { if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -lt 7) { Write-Host "!!! " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Red Write-Host "You are using old version of PowerShell. $($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major).$($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Minor)" Write-Host "Please update to at least 7.0 - " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Gray Write-Host "https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases" -ForegroundColor White Exit-WithCode 1 } } $art = @" . . .. . .. _oOOP3OPP3Op_. . .PPpo~. .. ~2p. .. .... . . .Ppo . .pPO3Op.. . O:. . . . .3Pp . oP3'. 'P33. . 4 .. . . . .. . . . .~OP 3PO. .Op3 : . .. _____ _____ _____ .P3O . oP3oP3O3P' . . . . / /./ /./ / O3:. O3p~ . .:. . ./____/./____/ /____/ 'P . 3p3. oP3~. ..P:. . . .. . . .. . . . . ': . Po' .Opo'. .3O. . o[ by Pype Club ]]]==- - - . . . '_ .. . . _OP3.. . .https://openpype.io.. . ~P3.OPPPO3OP~ . .. . . ' '. . .. . . . .. . "@ Write-Host $art -ForegroundColor DarkGreen # Enable if PS 7.x is needed. # Show-PSWarning $current_dir = Get-Location $script_dir = Split-Path -Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition -Parent $openpype_root = (Get-Item $script_dir).parent.FullName Set-Location -Path $openpype_root $version_file = Get-Content -Path "$($openpype_root)\openpype\version.py" $result = [regex]::Matches($version_file, '__version__ = "(?<version>\d+\.\d+.\d+.*)"') $openpype_version = $result[0].Groups['version'].Value if (-not $openpype_version) { Write-Host "!!! " -ForegroundColor yellow -NoNewline Write-Host "Cannot determine OpenPype version." Exit-WithCode 1 } $env:BUILD_VERSION = $openpype_version iscc Write-Host ">>> " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor green Write-Host "Creating OpenPype installer ... " -ForegroundColor white $build_dir_command = @" import sys from distutils.util import get_platform print('exe.{}-{}'.format(get_platform(), sys.version[0:3])) "@ $build_dir = & python -c $build_dir_command Write-Host "Build directory ... ${build_dir}" -ForegroundColor white $env:BUILD_DIR = $build_dir if (Get-Command iscc -errorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable ProcessError) { iscc "$openpype_root\inno_setup.iss" }else { Write-Host "!!! Cannot find Inno Setup command" -ForegroundColor red Write-Host "!!! You can download it at https://jrsoftware.org/" -ForegroundColor red Exit-WithCode 1 } Write-Host ">>> " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor green Write-Host "restoring current directory" Set-Location -Path $current_dir Write-Host "*** " -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Cyan Write-Host "All done. You will find OpenPype installer in " -NoNewLine Write-Host "'.\build'" -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host " directory."

1,752

[ 128000, 27, 5062, 815, 25259, 92255, 198, 220, 13202, 5429, 311, 1977, 5377, 47, 500, 89191, 382, 94220, 31698, 198, 220, 1115, 5429, 690, 1005, 2736, 5918, 5377, 47, 500, 320, 258, 1595, 5957, 63, 6352, 8, 323, 198, 220, 1893, 5632, 44152, 505, 433, 1701, 763, 2201, 19139, 320, 2485, 1129, 60013, 37751, 2726, 14, 696, 23208, 19454, 271, 5119, 29, 662, 59, 5957, 26756, 18212, 14283, 58428, 16, 271, 2, 1363, 1723, 5256, 12, 9685, 341, 262, 1719, 2625, 6035, 4818, 95380, 1889, 340, 262, 400, 12891, 284, 3605, 31629, 91, 24572, 59, 91, 702, 262, 400, 6495, 284, 220, 15, 198, 262, 400, 8975, 284, 40767, 12, 4153, 482, 38432, 678, 400, 3239, 25, 38432, 678, 482, 6035, 4818, 314, 400, 1889, 335, 482, 2170, 12524, 271, 262, 400, 4775, 981, 284, 400, 3875, 8380, 51675, 2327, 31029, 3897, 271, 262, 674, 400, 4775, 981, 7659, 6110, 220, 16, 271, 262, 1418, 27954, 8975, 19478, 482, 11251, 330, 19527, 909, 482, 438, 1746, 8975, 19478, 482, 818, 330, 2688, 33627, 5572, 262, 341, 286, 400, 3875, 8380, 51675, 2327, 31029, 3897, 284, 400, 4775, 981, 198, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 400, 12891, 3525, 6495, 60, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 198, 286, 400, 6495, 23792, 286, 422, 1746, 6495, 482, 713, 400, 12891, 6976, 340, 286, 341, 310, 400, 6495, 284, 220, 15, 198, 286, 457, 286, 5256, 6354, 3583, 482, 42854, 220, 1041, 198, 262, 457, 262, 674, 1102, 596, 927, 482, 2867, 279, 5820, 21070, 627, 262, 400, 3875, 8380, 51675, 2327, 31029, 3897, 284, 400, 4775, 981, 198, 262, 9842, 12, 9480, 364, 8044, 220, 366, 5062, 220, 662, 18923, 45, 92255, 198, 220, 10848, 36591, 369, 4401, 2683, 198, 220, 662, 20810, 20856, 2082, 198, 220, 12280, 311, 3113, 36591, 369, 198, 220, 674, 397, 3818, 1723, 19532, 84256, 2123, 703, 13966, 1889, 8, 341, 256, 674, 8442, 4974, 420, 3552, 1920, 422, 433, 596, 264, 1716, 315, 2500, 75062, 2748, 1920, 9522, 256, 400, 3850, 34851, 284, 320, 1991, 7813, 318, 2584, 482, 14883, 12468, 843, 71341, 482, 5750, 330, 7575, 769, 3266, 34851, 1, 765, 8593, 12, 1211, 482, 3128, 17457, 7575, 769, 570, 8553, 7575, 769, 198, 256, 400, 3850, 25522, 678, 284, 320, 1991, 7813, 318, 2584, 482, 14883, 12468, 843, 71341, 482, 5750, 330, 7575, 769, 3266, 3850, 34851, 1, 765, 8593, 12, 1211, 482, 3128, 4076, 570, 678, 198, 256, 422, 4417, 78404, 57195, 19963, 6, 482, 11251, 400, 3850, 25522, 678, 8, 314, 400, 3875, 4296, 15346, 15699, 703, 13966, 1889, 8, 557, 256, 4974, 400, 13966, 1889, 198, 633, 1723, 7073, 12, 5119, 12358, 368, 341, 262, 422, 1746, 5119, 5755, 2620, 1087, 50, 5755, 1345, 3111, 482, 4937, 220, 22, 8, 341, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 12340, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 3816, 198, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 2675, 527, 1701, 2362, 2373, 315, 75062, 13, 95077, 5119, 5755, 2620, 1087, 50, 5755, 1345, 3111, 570, 3, 703, 5119, 5755, 2620, 1087, 50, 5755, 17507, 269, 13251, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 5618, 2713, 311, 520, 3325, 220, 22, 13, 15, 482, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 24255, 198, 286, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 2485, 1129, 5316, 916, 14, 15335, 26354, 14, 15335, 26354, 59287, 1, 482, 86097, 5929, 198, 286, 19532, 84256, 2123, 220, 16, 198, 262, 457, 633, 3, 472, 284, 571, 1875, 1835, 662, 662, 256, 5354, 257, 662, 262, 55638, 286, 721, 78, 46, 3143, 18, 3143, 47, 18, 7271, 5056, 16853, 257, 662, 4505, 5481, 93, 13, 256, 5354, 256, 4056, 17, 79, 13, 220, 5354, 220, 22666, 220, 662, 220, 16853, 262, 662, 47, 5481, 662, 662, 79, 2089, 18, 7271, 497, 662, 507, 17406, 662, 662, 16853, 256, 662, 18, 47, 79, 662, 297, 47, 18, 4527, 364, 47, 1644, 13, 662, 220, 19, 5354, 256, 662, 220, 662, 256, 662, 5354, 662, 220, 662, 220, 16853, 220, 662, 93, 3143, 262, 220, 18, 2089, 13, 220, 662, 7271, 18, 262, 551, 662, 5354, 220, 66992, 220, 66992, 220, 66992, 198, 220, 662, 47, 18, 46, 220, 662, 297, 47, 18, 78, 47, 18, 46, 18, 47, 6, 662, 662, 662, 256, 662, 611, 262, 611, 1761, 262, 611, 1761, 262, 40081, 256, 507, 18, 17406, 256, 507, 18, 79, 93, 662, 996, 662, 17406, 662, 13288, 2179, 14, 1761, 2179, 14, 611, 2179, 6018, 256, 364, 47, 662, 256, 220, 18, 79, 18, 13, 220, 297, 47, 18, 93, 13, 5354, 47, 17406, 662, 220, 662, 5354, 220, 662, 256, 662, 5354, 662, 220, 662, 220, 16853, 220, 662, 13906, 220, 662, 14128, 6, 220, 662, 46, 5481, 4527, 662, 18, 46, 13, 662, 220, 297, 58, 555, 393, 500, 10349, 2331, 5163, 47771, 482, 482, 662, 220, 16853, 262, 662, 9418, 5354, 220, 662, 262, 662, 721, 3143, 18, 497, 220, 662, 220, 662, 2485, 1129, 2569, 79, 500, 4340, 497, 16853, 260, 4056, 47, 18, 82663, 47, 2089, 18, 3143, 93, 662, 5354, 220, 16853, 1881, 662, 220, 364, 6389, 662, 220, 5354, 662, 662, 662, 5354, 220, 6905, 1, 19908, 8144, 12, 9480, 400, 472, 482, 86097, 12538, 20147, 271, 2, 19078, 422, 11659, 220, 22, 2036, 374, 4460, 627, 2, 7073, 12, 5119, 12358, 271, 75022, 4432, 284, 2175, 12, 4812, 198, 3, 2334, 4432, 284, 28910, 12, 1858, 482, 1858, 400, 5159, 38543, 28152, 4153, 51047, 4144, 482, 8553, 198, 3, 2569, 79, 500, 13290, 284, 320, 1991, 12, 1256, 400, 2334, 4432, 570, 3850, 47089, 271, 1681, 12, 4812, 482, 1858, 400, 2569, 79, 500, 13290, 271, 3, 4464, 2517, 284, 2175, 12, 2831, 482, 1858, 5312, 703, 2569, 79, 500, 13290, 10929, 2569, 79, 500, 59, 4464, 7345, 702, 14578, 284, 510, 27485, 60, 487, 43570, 703, 4464, 2517, 11, 12385, 4464, 565, 284, 12262, 76514, 4464, 8616, 67, 42815, 7255, 67, 10, 7255, 67, 50020, 61995, 1329, 3, 2569, 79, 500, 9625, 284, 400, 1407, 58, 15, 948, 22962, 681, 4464, 7352, 1150, 198, 333, 10505, 1962, 400, 2569, 79, 500, 9625, 8, 341, 220, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 12340, 330, 482, 86097, 14071, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 198, 220, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 17902, 8417, 5377, 47, 500, 2373, 10246, 220, 19532, 84256, 2123, 220, 16, 198, 534, 3, 3239, 25, 48280, 10907, 284, 400, 2569, 79, 500, 9625, 271, 285, 641, 4815, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 20761, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 6307, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 26021, 5377, 47, 500, 44152, 2564, 330, 482, 86097, 4251, 271, 3, 5957, 4432, 11045, 284, 99788, 475, 5826, 198, 1527, 1612, 6159, 2013, 1179, 636, 35360, 198, 1374, 493, 47284, 13, 6390, 12, 39338, 2293, 5550, 35360, 1535, 5826, 20049, 58, 15, 25, 18, 11147, 1, 19908, 3, 5957, 4432, 284, 612, 10344, 482, 66, 400, 5957, 4432, 11045, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 11313, 6352, 2564, 3654, 5957, 4432, 10064, 482, 86097, 4251, 198, 3, 3239, 25, 48280, 8455, 284, 400, 5957, 4432, 271, 333, 320, 1991, 12, 4153, 374, 641, 482, 850, 2573, 8211, 4501, 24433, 482, 1480, 7983, 8773, 1480, 340, 517, 220, 374, 641, 5312, 2569, 79, 500, 13290, 59, 258, 2201, 22074, 13, 1056, 702, 7981, 341, 220, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 12340, 35755, 1505, 763, 2201, 19139, 3290, 1, 482, 86097, 2579, 198, 220, 9842, 12, 9480, 330, 12340, 1472, 649, 4232, 433, 520, 3788, 1129, 60013, 37751, 2726, 11474, 482, 86097, 2579, 198, 220, 19532, 84256, 2123, 220, 16, 198, 3818, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 20761, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 6307, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 4014, 5620, 1510, 6352, 702, 1681, 12, 4812, 482, 1858, 400, 3311, 4432, 271, 8144, 12, 9480, 75122, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 93243, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 2460, 2884, 13, 1472, 690, 1505, 5377, 47, 500, 44152, 304, 330, 482, 2822, 3648, 2519, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 95897, 59, 5957, 15260, 482, 2822, 3648, 1074, 482, 86097, 7997, 198, 8144, 12, 9480, 330, 6352, 10246, 128001 ]

Nurturing. Learning. Growing. Established in 2009, Safe Haven Preschool offers parents with children ages 3 to 5 years old a distinct choice among early childhood preschools in the Raleigh/Cary area. Safe Haven Preschool is a 5-Star rated learning center devoted to instilling in every child, a love for learning, a positive self-concept, and a genuine sense of satisfaction in achieving individual and group success. It is our goal to nurture, educate, and challenge your child to learn and grow in a safe, supportive environment. While many of our students have attended day cares, Safe Haven Preschool is often their first experience in a more structured play and academic preschool environment. We are mindful that this transition can be intimidating to young children. That is why our staff takes great care in creating and maintaining a secure, loving, reassuring atmosphere for each child that feels like home. Safe Haven Preschool’s small student body affords your child and our staff the opportunity to really get to know one another through daily one-on-one interaction, mentoring and supervision. At Safe Haven Preschool, your child will find a second home where friendships are made quickly, diversity is joyfully embraced, and every day of learning and play is creatively structured to develop their cognitive, manipulative, sensory and creative skills, while captivating their imagination. Meet the Director: BJ King, M.Ed. Betty Jean “BJ” King is the Director, and a lead teacher at Safe Haven Leaning Center, a position that she has held since the preschool’s founding in 2008. She earned her undergraduate degree from Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina in 2001. Following several years in corporate administration, BJ joined Kinder Care as a leader teacher while working on her Masters degree. She earned her graduate degree in Administration and Supervision from The University of Phoenix in 2007.

388

[ 128000, 45, 5757, 1711, 13, 21579, 13, 60780, 627, 69320, 291, 304, 220, 1049, 24, 11, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 6209, 6699, 449, 2911, 17051, 220, 18, 311, 220, 20, 1667, 2362, 264, 12742, 5873, 4315, 4216, 20587, 61905, 82, 304, 279, 65183, 11547, 661, 3158, 13, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 374, 264, 220, 20, 39884, 22359, 6975, 4219, 29329, 311, 1798, 9585, 304, 1475, 1716, 11, 264, 3021, 369, 6975, 11, 264, 6928, 659, 15204, 1512, 11, 323, 264, 22785, 5647, 315, 24617, 304, 32145, 3927, 323, 1912, 2450, 13, 1102, 374, 1057, 5915, 311, 79530, 11, 39170, 11, 323, 8815, 701, 1716, 311, 4048, 323, 3139, 304, 264, 6220, 11, 33445, 4676, 627, 8142, 1690, 315, 1057, 4236, 617, 18677, 1938, 34672, 11, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 374, 3629, 872, 1176, 3217, 304, 264, 810, 34030, 1514, 323, 14584, 61905, 4676, 13, 1226, 527, 63442, 430, 420, 9320, 649, 387, 64130, 311, 3995, 2911, 13, 3011, 374, 3249, 1057, 5687, 5097, 2294, 2512, 304, 6968, 323, 20958, 264, 9966, 11, 21955, 11, 82964, 16975, 369, 1855, 1716, 430, 11321, 1093, 2162, 13, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 753, 2678, 5575, 2547, 3611, 2311, 701, 1716, 323, 1057, 5687, 279, 6776, 311, 2216, 636, 311, 1440, 832, 2500, 1555, 7446, 832, 10539, 19101, 16628, 11, 76579, 323, 38217, 627, 1688, 23088, 42714, 4203, 2184, 11, 701, 1716, 690, 1505, 264, 2132, 2162, 1405, 63081, 527, 1903, 6288, 11, 20057, 374, 16267, 3725, 43603, 11, 323, 1475, 1938, 315, 6975, 323, 1514, 374, 93396, 34030, 311, 2274, 872, 25702, 11, 14951, 22948, 11, 49069, 323, 11782, 7512, 11, 1418, 86282, 872, 28899, 627, 41651, 279, 10783, 25, 87599, 6342, 11, 386, 82433, 627, 57299, 1919, 20263, 1054, 15327, 863, 6342, 374, 279, 10783, 11, 323, 264, 3063, 11326, 520, 23088, 42714, 2009, 44159, 5955, 11, 264, 2361, 430, 1364, 706, 5762, 2533, 279, 61905, 753, 36330, 304, 220, 1049, 23, 13, 3005, 15662, 1077, 41534, 8547, 505, 39386, 9304, 304, 42691, 35967, 11, 4892, 13030, 304, 220, 1049, 16, 13, 23548, 3892, 1667, 304, 13166, 8735, 11, 87599, 11096, 45099, 10852, 439, 264, 7808, 11326, 1418, 3318, 389, 1077, 34722, 8547, 13, 3005, 15662, 1077, 19560, 8547, 304, 17128, 323, 62924, 1854, 505, 578, 3907, 315, 23503, 304, 220, 1049, 22, 627, 128001 ]

A recent outbreak in Maryland, including several cases in Carroll County, has raised concern about meales. Measles is caused by a virus. Common symptoms are high fever, upper respiratory symptoms and a rash. Every child should be vaccinated at 15 months. A second measles shot is recommended at age 12. The shots are usually given as MMR -- measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. More than one-third of cases occur in people 15 years and older. People born after 1957 should receive a booster MMR shot; most of those born before 1957 are considered immune to the virus. The Carroll County Health Department, following recommendations by the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, will offer the MMR vaccine to all county sixth-graders and others who need it. The vaccine is available at clinics 2 to 4 p.m. every Tuesday at the Health Department, 540 Washington Road. All children under18 must be accompanied by a parent or legal guardian. There will be no charge for the vaccine, but donations will be accepted. Information: 876-4936, 876-4900 or 857-5000. PROTECT AGAINST RABIES WESTMINSTER -- Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus that can invade the central nervous system of all warm-blooded animals. Sincethe virus lives in the saliva of a rabid animal, the most common waythe disease is spread is through bites. Exposure, in rare cases, also can come from scratches or when saliva from the rabid animal gets into open wounds and mucous membranes, such as eyes, nose and mouth. The disease most often occurs in wildlife, such as bats, skunks and foxes. Livestock and unvaccinated dogs and cats also can get the disease. Ground hogs, squirrels, other rodents and opossums rarely contract rabies. The Mid-Atlantic region has experienced a rabies epidemic in its raccoon population since the 1970s. Raccoon rabies first reached Carroll County in 1983. The number of animals that tested positive for rabies peaked in 1984 at 148, with raccoons accounting for 134 of those animals. After the 1983 outbreak of rabies decimated the raccoon population, the number of cases has dwindled. So far in1991, only five cases of rabies, all raccoons, have been reported. In 1985, the county also had several cases of cat rabies. Cats, like raccoons, are nocturnal creatures, so a cat's likelihood of exposure to rabies is high. There also are many unvaccinated barn cats in the county, adding to the number of possible rabies cases. The importance of keeping pet cats and dogs vaccinated is underscored by the fact that Carroll has had no cases of rabies in a properly vaccinated animal. An unvaccinated domestic animal can carry the disease for up to six months following its exposure to rabies. This period is theincubation period, during which time the animal appears to be healthy and cannot pass the disease on to people or other animals. The disease can only be passed on when it reaches its final stage, and theanimal will die within five to seven days after onset of the final stage. In addition to keeping pets vaccinated, there are other methods of minimizing exposure to rabies. * Stay away from wildlife, especially injured or seemingly friendly wild animals; do not handle the animals. * Make your home unattractive to wild animals by taking in your pet's food at night and having secure trash can lids. * Report all dog and cat bites to the local or state police so the biting animal can be placed under a 10-day quarantine to determine if they had rabies at the time of the bite. HELP AVOID TOOTH DECAY WESTMINSTER -- Tooth decay is the most widespread, chronic disease of childhood, often requiring extensive and costlyrepair. Dental cavities affect about 95 percent of children. One of the best ways to prevent tooth decay is by adjusting the amount offluoride in the community's drinking water. Drinking fluoridated water from birth reduces tooth decay by as much as 65 percent. In Carroll County, about 70 percent of the population is on private well water. The natural level of fluoride in the water is negligible. Carroll has eight community water supply systems, and four -- Westminster, New Windsor, Mount Airy and Freedom -- have fluoridated water. A recent study by the U.S. Public Health Service praised the benefitsof fluoride and found the risks almost "impossible to detect." Those on private well systems can consult their doctor or dentist for aprescription for daily fluoride tablets or drops. A daily regime from birth to age 12 will help protect the child's teeth by strengthening the enamel so that it is more resistant to breakdown by sugary foods. For children age 5 through 18 in areas where fluoride is not added to the water, a school program of weekly rinsing with a 0.2 percent solution of neutral sodium fluoride is recommended to prevent cavities. Results of research during the past 10 years have shown thatchildren who use this procedure will have about 35 percent fewer cavities.

1,082

[ 128000, 32, 3293, 31188, 304, 23481, 11, 2737, 3892, 5157, 304, 47209, 6406, 11, 706, 9408, 4747, 922, 757, 3916, 627, 7979, 300, 645, 374, 9057, 555, 264, 17188, 13, 7874, 13803, 527, 1579, 34653, 11, 8582, 42631, 13803, 323, 264, 57342, 627, 11769, 1716, 1288, 387, 70558, 520, 220, 868, 4038, 13, 362, 2132, 80337, 6689, 374, 11349, 520, 4325, 220, 717, 13, 578, 15300, 527, 6118, 2728, 439, 386, 18953, 1198, 80337, 11, 296, 12055, 323, 10485, 6985, 25474, 627, 7816, 1109, 832, 30277, 315, 5157, 12446, 304, 1274, 220, 868, 1667, 323, 9191, 13, 9029, 9405, 1306, 220, 6280, 22, 1288, 5371, 264, 57532, 386, 18953, 6689, 26, 1455, 315, 1884, 9405, 1603, 220, 6280, 22, 527, 6646, 22852, 311, 279, 17188, 627, 791, 47209, 6406, 6401, 6011, 11, 2768, 19075, 555, 279, 6011, 315, 6401, 323, 38895, 10320, 43312, 11, 690, 3085, 279, 386, 18953, 25474, 311, 682, 14189, 26084, 25313, 6527, 323, 3885, 889, 1205, 433, 627, 791, 25474, 374, 2561, 520, 44335, 220, 17, 311, 220, 19, 281, 749, 13, 1475, 7742, 520, 279, 6401, 6011, 11, 220, 17048, 6652, 9728, 13, 2052, 2911, 1234, 972, 2011, 387, 24895, 555, 264, 2748, 477, 5897, 47132, 627, 3947, 690, 387, 912, 6900, 369, 279, 25474, 11, 719, 24910, 690, 387, 11928, 627, 15218, 25, 220, 24870, 12, 22741, 21, 11, 220, 24870, 12, 18518, 15, 477, 220, 20907, 12, 2636, 15, 627, 9295, 35837, 67994, 790, 432, 1905, 5482, 198, 95325, 16818, 39023, 1198, 36824, 552, 374, 264, 25114, 8624, 9057, 555, 264, 17188, 430, 649, 75272, 279, 8792, 23418, 1887, 315, 682, 8369, 94003, 291, 10099, 627, 50, 2910, 19030, 17188, 6439, 304, 279, 85657, 315, 264, 31674, 307, 10065, 11, 279, 1455, 4279, 1648, 1820, 8624, 374, 9041, 374, 1555, 49433, 627, 849, 12313, 11, 304, 9024, 5157, 11, 1101, 649, 2586, 505, 66839, 477, 994, 85657, 505, 279, 31674, 307, 10065, 5334, 1139, 1825, 34254, 323, 65104, 788, 79348, 11, 1778, 439, 6548, 11, 19689, 323, 11013, 627, 791, 8624, 1455, 3629, 13980, 304, 30405, 11, 1778, 439, 43308, 11, 1940, 15655, 323, 39935, 288, 13, 37311, 478, 1197, 323, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 12875, 323, 19987, 1101, 649, 636, 279, 8624, 13, 26486, 305, 27403, 11, 47050, 54883, 11, 1023, 94209, 323, 297, 981, 1264, 82, 19029, 5226, 31674, 552, 627, 791, 14013, 12, 78625, 5654, 706, 10534, 264, 31674, 552, 42620, 304, 1202, 9148, 73335, 7187, 2533, 279, 220, 4468, 15, 82, 13, 432, 20067, 263, 31674, 552, 1176, 8813, 47209, 6406, 304, 220, 3753, 18, 13, 578, 1396, 315, 10099, 430, 12793, 6928, 369, 31674, 552, 78292, 304, 220, 3753, 19, 520, 220, 10410, 11, 449, 9148, 1030, 2439, 24043, 369, 220, 9565, 315, 1884, 10099, 627, 6153, 279, 220, 3753, 18, 31188, 315, 31674, 552, 1654, 7292, 279, 9148, 73335, 7187, 11, 279, 1396, 315, 5157, 706, 83222, 839, 13, 2100, 3117, 304, 2550, 16, 11, 1193, 4330, 5157, 315, 31674, 552, 11, 682, 9148, 1030, 2439, 11, 617, 1027, 5068, 627, 644, 220, 3753, 20, 11, 279, 14189, 1101, 1047, 3892, 5157, 315, 8415, 31674, 552, 13, 51849, 11, 1093, 9148, 1030, 2439, 11, 527, 93101, 63550, 20566, 11, 779, 264, 8415, 596, 29736, 315, 14675, 311, 31674, 552, 374, 1579, 13, 2684, 1101, 527, 1690, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 33419, 19987, 304, 279, 14189, 11, 7999, 311, 279, 1396, 315, 3284, 31674, 552, 5157, 627, 791, 12939, 315, 10494, 6896, 19987, 323, 12875, 70558, 374, 53209, 67, 555, 279, 2144, 430, 47209, 706, 1047, 912, 5157, 315, 31674, 552, 304, 264, 10489, 70558, 10065, 13, 1556, 653, 85, 4575, 15846, 13018, 10065, 649, 6920, 279, 8624, 369, 709, 311, 4848, 4038, 2768, 1202, 14675, 311, 31674, 552, 627, 2028, 4261, 374, 279, 2910, 392, 367, 4261, 11, 2391, 902, 892, 279, 10065, 8111, 311, 387, 9498, 323, 4250, 1522, 279, 8624, 389, 311, 1274, 477, 1023, 10099, 627, 791, 8624, 649, 1193, 387, 5946, 389, 994, 433, 25501, 1202, 1620, 6566, 11, 323, 279, 48999, 690, 2815, 2949, 4330, 311, 8254, 2919, 1306, 42080, 315, 279, 1620, 6566, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 10494, 26159, 70558, 11, 1070, 527, 1023, 5528, 315, 77391, 14675, 311, 31674, 552, 627, 9, 29837, 3201, 505, 30405, 11, 5423, 15902, 477, 23490, 11919, 8545, 10099, 26, 656, 539, 3790, 279, 10099, 627, 9, 7557, 701, 2162, 653, 266, 70178, 311, 8545, 10099, 555, 4737, 304, 701, 6896, 596, 3691, 520, 3814, 323, 3515, 9966, 23701, 649, 100078, 627, 9, 8423, 682, 5679, 323, 8415, 49433, 311, 279, 2254, 477, 1614, 4379, 779, 279, 68196, 10065, 649, 387, 9277, 1234, 264, 220, 605, 11477, 71489, 311, 8417, 422, 814, 1047, 31674, 552, 520, 279, 892, 315, 279, 23556, 627, 70103, 362, 25019, 5257, 26374, 43917, 3097, 198, 95325, 16818, 39023, 1198, 83499, 31815, 374, 279, 1455, 24716, 11, 21249, 8624, 315, 20587, 11, 3629, 23537, 16781, 323, 34348, 77539, 13, 48804, 57709, 1385, 7958, 922, 220, 2721, 3346, 315, 2911, 627, 4054, 315, 279, 1888, 5627, 311, 5471, 26588, 31815, 374, 555, 43468, 279, 3392, 1022, 10036, 269, 579, 304, 279, 4029, 596, 16558, 3090, 13, 83681, 54736, 307, 660, 3090, 505, 7342, 26338, 26588, 31815, 555, 439, 1790, 439, 220, 2397, 3346, 627, 644, 47209, 6406, 11, 922, 220, 2031, 3346, 315, 279, 7187, 374, 389, 879, 1664, 3090, 13, 578, 5933, 2237, 315, 89230, 304, 279, 3090, 374, 82802, 627, 9028, 1119, 706, 8223, 4029, 3090, 8312, 6067, 11, 323, 3116, 1198, 48043, 11, 1561, 57555, 11, 10640, 6690, 88, 323, 25320, 1198, 617, 54736, 307, 660, 3090, 627, 32, 3293, 4007, 555, 279, 549, 815, 13, 3142, 6401, 5475, 37475, 279, 8935, 708, 69, 89230, 323, 1766, 279, 15635, 4661, 330, 318, 10236, 311, 11388, 10246, 23025, 389, 879, 1664, 6067, 649, 8666, 872, 10896, 477, 50351, 369, 1469, 417, 1479, 369, 7446, 89230, 29679, 477, 21701, 13, 362, 7446, 17942, 505, 7342, 311, 4325, 220, 717, 690, 1520, 6144, 279, 1716, 596, 18311, 555, 48513, 279, 92848, 779, 430, 433, 374, 810, 31785, 311, 31085, 555, 31705, 661, 15657, 627, 2520, 2911, 4325, 220, 20, 1555, 220, 972, 304, 5789, 1405, 89230, 374, 539, 3779, 311, 279, 3090, 11, 264, 2978, 2068, 315, 17496, 97139, 287, 449, 264, 220, 15, 13, 17, 3346, 6425, 315, 21277, 39695, 89230, 374, 11349, 311, 5471, 57709, 1385, 627, 10001, 315, 3495, 2391, 279, 3347, 220, 605, 1667, 617, 6982, 430, 5988, 889, 1005, 420, 10537, 690, 617, 922, 220, 1758, 3346, 17162, 57709, 1385, 13, 128001 ]

The Demanding Nature of Simultaneous Interpretation Simultaneous interpretation is an incredibly demanding task that requires a high level of linguistic proficiency, cognitive skills, and mental stamina. Interpreters are expected to accurately and seamlessly convey the spoken message from one language to another in real-time, often with a minimal delay. This means that they must possess exceptional language processing abilities, as they are required to listen to the speaker, comprehend the message, and quickly formulate an equivalent expression in the target language. The pressure of real-time language processing in simultaneous interpretation can be overwhelming. Interpreters must be able to think and speak on their feet, translating complex ideas and concepts without the luxury of time for reflection. This level of linguistic agility demands not only a deep understanding of both languages but also a vast knowledge of various subject matters. From technical jargon to legal terminology, interpreters must be well-versed in a wide range of fields to ensure accurate and meaningful communication. They have to be quick thinkers and have the ability to adapt to different scenarios seamlessly. The Pressure of Real-Time Language Processing Simultaneous interpretation involves the daunting task of processing spoken language in real-time. As an interpreter, one must possess exceptional language skills to quickly understand and convert the speaker’s words into another language. This demanding nature of real-time language processing puts immense pressure on interpreters to perform accurately and flawlessly. The pressure of real-time language processing requires interpreters to think quickly on their feet, as they must process information in one language while simultaneously producing an accurate interpretation in another. This requires a high level of cognitive processing and linguistic agility. Interpreters often encounter linguistic challenges such as idiomatic expressions, cultural references, and fast-paced speech, which further intensify the pressure they face. Additionally, the need for speed and accuracy can be even more taxing when interpreting during high-stake events, conferences, or diplomatic meetings where precision is paramount. To overcome the pressure of real-time language processing, interpreters must be well-versed in the languages they work with, possess a wide-ranging vocabulary, and stay updated on current events and cultural nuances. They must also develop effective listening and concentration skills to accurately capture and interpret the speaker’s message. The ability to think and speak simultaneously, in different languages, and maintain clarity and accuracy is a skill that requires constant practice and continuous professional development. Despite the challenges, interpreters who can handle the pressure of real-time language processing play a vital role in bridging language barriers and facilitating communication between individuals and cultures. Maintaining Accuracy and Clarity in Simultaneous Interpretation Maintaining accuracy and clarity in simultaneous interpretation is a critical aspect of the interpreter’s role. As an interpreter, it is essential to convey the speaker’s message accurately, while ensuring that the interpretation remains clear and understandable to the audience. Achieving this requires not only linguistic proficiency but also strong listening and cognitive skills. When interpreting simultaneously, the interpreter must listen to the speaker’s words in one language while simultaneously formulating and delivering the interpretation in another language. This process requires quick thinking and effective language processing to ensure that the interpretation is accurate and reflects the speaker’s intended meaning. Moreover, the interpreter must be able to manage complex and technical terminology, adapting their language to suit the context and the audience’s level of understanding. This ensures that the interpretation remains clear and accessible, even when dealing with highly specialized subjects. By maintaining accuracy and clarity in simultaneous interpretation, interpreters play a vital role in bridging language barriers and facilitating effective communication across diverse cultures and languages. Multitasking and Cognitive Load in Simultaneous Interpretation Multitasking and Cognitive Load in Simultaneous Interpretation Simultaneous interpretation is an intricate process that demands exceptional multitasking skills from the interpreter. In real-time, they must listen to and process the speaker’s message while simultaneously encoding and verbalizing their interpretation in the target language. This requires the interpreter’s brain to rapidly switch between different cognitive tasks, such as listening, analyzing, comprehending, and producing language. The cognitive load, or mental effort, involved in simultaneous interpretation is immense. Not only do interpreters need to comprehend and convey the speaker’s message accurately, but they must also manage other factors simultaneously. These include maintaining clarity, consistency, and delivering the interpretation with proper grammar and syntax. To achieve this, interpreters must possess advanced language skills, a deep understanding of the subject matter, and the ability to quickly access relevant terminology. Additionally, they must monitor their own performance, ensuring accuracy and effectiveness throughout the entire interpretation process. Managing all these tasks simultaneously can be highly demanding and mentally exhausting for interpreters, emphasizing the need for meticulous preparation and continuous professional development in this field. Overcoming Language Barriers in Simultaneous Interpretation Simultaneous interpretation is a challenging task that requires language professionals to overcome various language barriers in real time. One of the primary obstacles faced by interpreters is linguistic differences, which can include different dialects, accents, and pronunciation. Overcoming these barriers requires interpreters to have a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the cultural nuances that may affect communication. Interpreters often employ extensive vocabulary, grammar, and listening skills to ensure accurate and clear interpretation for the participants. Moreover, interpreters must be prepared to handle situations where there is a lack of equivalence between words or phrases in the source and target languages. This can occur due to cultural differences, idiomatic expressions, or technical terminology that does not have a direct translation. In such cases, interpreters must employ their knowledge and expertise to find suitable substitutes or provide explanations to bridge the language gap. Additionally, they may need to do extensive research and familiarize themselves with the subject matter beforehand to ensure accurate interpretation. Overcoming these language barriers requires interpreters to be flexible, adaptable, and continuously update their language skills and knowledge to provide a smooth and effective communication channel between different language communities. Dealing with Complex and Technical Terminology Simultaneous interpretation often presents a formidable challenge when it comes to dealing with complex and technical terminology. Interpreters are required to quickly process and convey specialized language within the context of diverse domains such as medicine, law, finance, and technology. This demands an exceptional level of linguistic proficiency and subject matter expertise. To overcome this challenge, simultaneous interpreters employ various strategies to ensure accuracy and clarity in their interpretations. Firstly, extensive preparation is essential. Interpreters conduct thorough research on the topic beforehand, familiarizing themselves with relevant terminologies and concepts. This enables them to anticipate potential challenges and effectively manage complex vocabulary during the interpretation process. Additionally, interpreters actively engage in continuous professional development, attending conferences, workshops, and webinars to stay updated on the latest developments in various fields. This ongoing learning ensures they possess a solid foundation of knowledge and are equipped to handle complex terminology with ease. Cultural Sensitivity and Contextual Understanding in Simultaneous Interpretation One of the crucial skills required in simultaneous interpretation is cultural sensitivity and contextual understanding. Interpreters must not only possess a deep understanding of the source and target languages, but they must also be aware of the cultural nuances and socio-cultural context behind the words being spoken. Cultural sensitivity is vital because different cultures may have varying ways of expressing ideas or concepts. A word or phrase in one language may carry different connotations or meanings in another language due to cultural differences. Interpreters need to be aware of these nuances to accurately convey the intended meaning to the target audience. This requires not only a comprehensive knowledge of the languages involved but also a deep understanding of the cultural norms, customs, and traditions associated with those languages. Contextual understanding goes hand in hand with cultural sensitivity. Interpreters must not only focus on individual words but must also consider the overall context in which the speech is delivered. They need to understand the background, purpose, and intent of the speaker to ensure the accurate interpretation of their message. This involves being able to pick up on subtle cues, tone, and body language, as well as being familiar with the topic being discussed. By grasping the broader context, interpreters can provide more accurate and meaningful interpretations that resonate with the target audience. Handling Ambiguity and Homonyms in Simultaneous Interpretation Homonyms and ambiguous terms pose a significant challenge in the field of simultaneous interpretation. Simultaneous interpreters are frequently confronted with words or phrases that have multiple meanings or can be interpreted differently depending on the context. This necessitates quick thinking and careful analysis to grasp the intended message accurately. The interpreter must be vigilant and adaptable to ensure that the correct interpretation is relayed to the audience. Handling ambiguity requires a deep understanding of both languages involved in the interpretation process. Interpreters must possess not only linguistic skills but also comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter being discussed. They must be able to discern the context in which the ambiguous term is used and make informed decisions on how to interpret it. The ability to seek clarification from speakers when faced with ambiguity can also be invaluable in ensuring accurate communication. Simultaneous interpreters must remain focused and poised, ready to navigate through these linguistic obstacles to maintain the quality and clarity of the interpretation. Managing Stress and Fatigue in Simultaneous Interpretation Managing stress and fatigue is essential for simultaneous interpreters to maintain their performance and well-being. The demanding nature of this role, coupled with the pressure of real-time language processing, can lead to mental and physical exhaustion. It is crucial for interpreters to prioritize self-care and implement strategies to effectively manage stress and combat fatigue. One way to manage stress is by creating a structured workflow and implementing time management techniques. Simultaneous interpreters often work under tight deadlines, with multiple tasks to juggle at once. By breaking down assignments into manageable segments and setting realistic goals, interpreters can alleviate stress and maintain focus. Additionally, organizing work schedules and incorporating regular breaks can help reduce mental fatigue and increase overall productivity. Proper rest and relaxation are vital for interpreters to replenish their energy levels and maintain the high concentration needed for accurate interpretation. Coping with the Fast Pace and High Volume of Information Simultaneous interpretation is a demanding profession that requires individuals to cope with the fast pace and high volume of information coming their way. As the speaker delivers their message, interpreters must listen, comprehend, and translate it into the target language almost instantaneously. This process requires exceptional cognitive abilities and linguistic skills to keep up with the rapid flow of information. To cope with the fast pace and high volume of information, simultaneous interpreters employ various strategies. One important technique is active listening, where they concentrate intensely on the speaker’s words, tone, and nuances. This allows interpreters to capture the entire message accurately and in real-time. Additionally, they develop excellent note-taking skills to ensure they don’t miss any crucial details during the interpretation process. These notes serve as a reliable reference when delivering the translated message, ensuring accuracy and clarity. As the demands of simultaneous interpretation can be mentally and physically exhausting, interpreters must also prioritize self-care and manage stress to maintain optimal focus and performance. Enhancing Listening and Concentration Skills for Simultaneous Interpretation Listening and concentration skills are critical for simultaneous interpreters to ensure accurate and effective interpretation. The demanding nature of this profession requires interpreters to listen attentively to the speaker while simultaneously processing the information and rendering it in the target language. To enhance their listening skills, interpreters can employ various techniques and strategies. One effective technique is active listening, which involves actively engaging with the speaker by paying close attention to their tone, intonation, and body language. This allows interpreters to not only capture the words being spoken but also understand the underlying meaning and emotions conveyed. Additionally, practicing mindfulness can help interpreters stay focused and fully present in the moment, enabling them to better absorb and process the information being conveyed. Regular meditation and deep breathing exercises can help interpreters develop a calm and attentive mindset that is essential for effective interpretation. In conjunction with enhancing listening skills, interpreters also need to develop strong concentration abilities. This involves the ability to filter out distractions and maintain sustained focus on the speaker and the interpretation task at hand. To improve concentration, interpreters can employ techniques such as visualization, where they mentally picture themselves successfully interpreting in challenging situations. They can also break down the interpretation task into smaller, manageable segments, focusing on one segment at a time to avoid feeling overwhelmed. Additionally, creating a conducive workspace, free from distractions, and implementing effective time management strategies can help interpreters maintain a high level of concentration throughout their interpreting sessions. By actively working on enhancing their listening and concentration skills, simultaneous interpreters can strengthen their ability to accurately interpret and effectively bridge linguistic and cultural barriers in real-time. These skills, when honed effectively, enable interpreters to provide seamless and high-quality interpretations that facilitate effective communication between different language speakers Effective Use of Interpreter Equipment and Technology When it comes to simultaneous interpretation, the effective use of interpreter equipment and technology plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth and accurate communication between languages. Interpreting booths equipped with soundproof materials and advanced audio systems are essential in creating a distraction-free environment for interpreters to work in. These booths help to minimize background noise and provide clear audio signals, allowing interpreters to focus solely on their task. In addition to soundproof booths, interpreters rely on specialized headsets and microphones to facilitate their work. High-quality headsets with noise-canceling features enable interpreters to hear the original speaker clearly and minimize any interference. The use of microphones helps to deliver the interpreted message to the audience or individuals who require interpretation, ensuring that the information is transmitted accurately and comprehensibly. Furthermore, the incorporation of cutting-edge technology has greatly enhanced the capabilities of simultaneous interpretation. With the advent of remote interpretation systems, interpreters can now provide their services from a separate location, eliminating the need for physical presence at the event. This remote setup allows for flexibility and accessibility, enabling interpreters to cater to events and conferences from anywhere in the world. The integration of various software and mobile applications also assists interpreters in managing and organizing their workload, keeping track of assignments, and staying updated with industry-specific terminology. Overall, the effective use of interpreter equipment and technology greatly contributes to the success of simultaneous interpretation. By providing interpreters with the necessary tools and resources, it ensures seamless communication and enables them to deliver accurate and efficient interpretation services. As technology continues to advance, interpreters can look forward to even more innovative solutions that will further streamline the interpretation process and enhance their overall performance. Building Rapport and Collaboration with Co-Interpreters Building rapport and collaboration with co-interpreters is crucial in the field of simultaneous interpretation. In order to provide effective and seamless language services, interpreters must establish a strong working relationship with their fellow interpreters. This begins with open communication and a shared understanding of the task at hand. By fostering a sense of camaraderie and mutual respect, interpreters can create a supportive environment where they can freely exchange ideas, clarify doubts, and provide constructive feedback to improve their performance. In addition, building rapport with co-interpreters can also lead to better teamwork and coordination during assignments, ensuring that interpretations are cohesive and consistent throughout the duration of an event. Collaboration amongst interpreters is a key aspect of successful simultaneous interpretation. It involves working together to overcome challenges and make informed decisions in real-time. This collaboration can take various forms, such as coordinating interpretation techniques, sharing terminology resources, or even taking turns to rest during lengthy assignments. By actively engaging in collaboration, interpreters can benefit from alternate perspectives and enrich their own interpretation skills. Furthermore, effective collaboration can also contribute to a more streamlined workflow, enabling interpreters to adapt to rapidly changing situations and deliver high-quality interpretations under pressure. Ultimately, building rapport and collaboration with co-interpreters facilitates a more seamless and professional interpretation experience for both the interpreters themselves and the audience they serve. Adapting to Different Interpretation Settings and Environments The ability to adapt to different interpretation settings and environments is a crucial skill for simultaneous interpreters. Each interpretation setting presents its own unique challenges and requirements, demanding the interpreter to be flexible and adaptable. Whether it is in a conference room, a courtroom, a medical facility, or any other setting, interpreters must quickly assess the environment and make necessary adjustments to ensure effective communication. One aspect of adapting to different interpretation settings is understanding the specific cultural and contextual nuances that may be present. Interpreters need to be sensitive to the cultural practices, norms, and expectations of the participants in order to accurately convey the intended messages. In some cases, certain cultural references or idiomatic expressions may require additional explanations or adaptations to ensure that the target audience fully comprehends the meaning. Adapting to different interpretation settings also involves being aware of any technical requirements or equipment that may be available, such as microphones or interpreting booths, and utilizing them effectively to enhance the interpretation process. In addition to cultural considerations, interpreters must also be prepared to handle varying subject matters and terminology in different interpretation settings. Whether it is legal terminology in a courtroom, technical jargon in a scientific conference, or complex medical terms in a healthcare setting, interpreters must possess a wide range of knowledge and vocabulary in order to accurately interpret the content. This requires continuous professional development and staying updated on industry-specific terminology and trends. Adapting to different interpretation settings and environments goes beyond language proficiency; it encompasses a deep understanding of the subject matter and the ability to convey it with utmost clarity and accuracy. As interpreters encounter different interpretation settings and environments throughout their careers, their adaptability and versatility will be key to their success. The ability to quickly assess and navigate these settings, while considering cultural, technical, and subject-specific aspects, is what sets exceptional interpreters apart. With continuous learning and refinement of their skills, interpreters can ensure seamless communication across different interpretation settings and environments, bridging language barriers and connecting people from diverse backgrounds. Continuous Professional Development for Simultaneous Interpreters Continuous professional development is crucial for simultaneous interpreters to excel in their field. In this demanding profession, interpreters must constantly update their skills, expand their knowledge, and refine their techniques. By engaging in continuous professional development, interpreters can enhance their language proficiency, stay up to date with industry trends, and become familiar with new technologies and tools that can support their work. One aspect of continuous professional development involves improving language skills. Simultaneous interpreters must be fluent in both their source and target languages, and they must have a deep understanding of the nuances and cultural contexts of these languages. Through language courses and workshops, interpreters can refine their vocabulary, grammar, and syntax to ensure accurate and effective interpretation. Additionally, attending conferences and networking with other language professionals can provide valuable opportunities for language exchange and learning from peers. By constantly honing their language skills, interpreters can ensure top-notch performance in the fast-paced and challenging world of simultaneous interpretation. What is simultaneous interpretation? Simultaneous interpretation is a form of language interpretation where the interpreter listens to a speaker and provides a real-time translation in another language. What are the challenges faced by simultaneous interpreters? Simultaneous interpreters face challenges such as managing stress and fatigue, dealing with complex terminology, maintaining accuracy, and handling the fast pace and high volume of information. How do simultaneous interpreters overcome language barriers? Simultaneous interpreters overcome language barriers by possessing strong language skills, cultural sensitivity, and contextual understanding, which help them accurately convey meaning across languages. What is the role of continuous professional development for simultaneous interpreters? Continuous professional development plays a crucial role in ensuring that simultaneous interpreters stay updated with language advancements, industry standards, and new technologies, allowing them to enhance their skills and expertise. How do simultaneous interpreters manage stress and fatigue? Simultaneous interpreters manage stress and fatigue by employing stress management techniques, practicing self-care, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. What is the importance of accuracy and clarity in simultaneous interpretation? Accuracy and clarity are essential in simultaneous interpretation to ensure that the intended message is accurately conveyed to the target audience without any ambiguity or misunderstanding. How do simultaneous interpreters handle complex and technical terminology? Simultaneous interpreters handle complex and technical terminology by preparing in advance, conducting research, and collaborating with subject matter experts to understand and accurately interpret specialized language. How do simultaneous interpreters cope with the fast pace and high volume of information? Simultaneous interpreters cope with the fast pace and high volume of information by employing effective listening and concentration skills, utilizing note-taking techniques, and continuously practicing their interpreting skills. What is the role of multitasking in simultaneous interpretation? Multitasking is a crucial skill for simultaneous interpreters as they need to listen, process, and translate the speaker’s message while simultaneously monitoring their own interpretation for accuracy and clarity. How do simultaneous interpreters enhance their listening and concentration skills? Simultaneous interpreters enhance their listening and concentration skills through regular practice, active listening techniques, and engaging in activities that improve focus and attention. How can simultaneous interpreters effectively use interpreter equipment and technology? Simultaneous interpreters can effectively use interpreter equipment and technology by familiarizing themselves with the tools, attending training sessions, and staying updated on the latest advancements in interpretation technology. What is the importance of building rapport and collaboration with co-interpreters? Building rapport and collaboration with co-interpreters is important as it allows for smooth coordination, enhances the quality of interpretation, and ensures seamless transitions between interpreters during longer assignments. How do simultaneous interpreters adapt to different interpretation settings and environments? Simultaneous interpreters adapt to different interpretation settings and environments by conducting thorough research, familiarizing themselves with the topic and context, and quickly adjusting their interpreting style to match the requirements of the situation. What role does cultural sensitivity play in simultaneous interpretation? Cultural sensitivity is crucial in simultaneous interpretation as it helps interpreters understand cultural nuances, avoid misunderstandings, and accurately convey the speaker’s intended meaning within the appropriate cultural context. How do simultaneous interpreters handle ambiguity and homonyms in interpretation? Simultaneous interpreters handle ambiguity and homonyms by employing contextual analysis, seeking clarification when necessary, and utilizing their linguistic expertise to select the most appropriate interpretation based on the given context. What are some effective techniques for managing the pressure of real-time language processing? Some effective techniques for managing the pressure of real-time language processing include maintaining a calm mindset, utilizing time management strategies, and engaging in regular self-reflection and self-improvement. Simultaneous interpreters can overcome language-related challenges through continuous language learning, expanding their vocabulary, and staying updated with language developments and trends. What resources are available for continuous professional development for simultaneous interpreters? Continuous professional development resources for simultaneous interpreters include attending workshops and conferences, participating in online training programs, and joining professional associations that offer skill-building opportunities. What are the key skills required for successful simultaneous interpretation? Key skills required for successful simultaneous interpretation include strong language proficiency, active listening, multitasking, cultural awareness, adaptability, effective communication, and continuous self-improvement. How does continuous professional development benefit simultaneous interpreters? Continuous professional development benefits simultaneous interpreters by enhancing their skills, expanding their professional network, improving job opportunities, and keeping them up-to-date with industry advancements, ultimately leading to professional growth and success.

4,868

[ 128000, 791, 4829, 26673, 22037, 315, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 459, 17235, 26192, 3465, 430, 7612, 264, 1579, 2237, 315, 65767, 63239, 11, 25702, 7512, 11, 323, 10723, 61784, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 527, 3685, 311, 30357, 323, 61440, 20599, 279, 22066, 1984, 505, 832, 4221, 311, 2500, 304, 1972, 7394, 11, 3629, 449, 264, 17832, 7781, 13, 1115, 3445, 430, 814, 2011, 15575, 25363, 4221, 8863, 18000, 11, 439, 814, 527, 2631, 311, 9020, 311, 279, 19114, 11, 58389, 279, 1984, 11, 323, 6288, 89959, 459, 13890, 7645, 304, 279, 2218, 4221, 627, 791, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 304, 58632, 23692, 649, 387, 22798, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 2011, 387, 3025, 311, 1781, 323, 6604, 389, 872, 7693, 11, 67371, 6485, 6848, 323, 19476, 2085, 279, 19913, 315, 892, 369, 22599, 13, 1115, 2237, 315, 65767, 67741, 18651, 539, 1193, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 2225, 15823, 719, 1101, 264, 13057, 6677, 315, 5370, 3917, 13146, 13, 5659, 11156, 503, 71921, 311, 5897, 57726, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 387, 1664, 12, 44876, 304, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 5151, 311, 6106, 13687, 323, 23222, 10758, 13, 2435, 617, 311, 387, 4062, 69122, 323, 617, 279, 5845, 311, 10737, 311, 2204, 26350, 61440, 627, 791, 40090, 315, 8976, 55585, 11688, 29225, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 18065, 279, 57697, 3465, 315, 8863, 22066, 4221, 304, 1972, 7394, 13, 1666, 459, 40399, 11, 832, 2011, 15575, 25363, 4221, 7512, 311, 6288, 3619, 323, 5625, 279, 19114, 753, 4339, 1139, 2500, 4221, 13, 1115, 26192, 7138, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 9711, 38883, 7410, 389, 18412, 5153, 311, 2804, 30357, 323, 26784, 16117, 627, 791, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 7612, 18412, 5153, 311, 1781, 6288, 389, 872, 7693, 11, 439, 814, 2011, 1920, 2038, 304, 832, 4221, 1418, 25291, 17843, 459, 13687, 23692, 304, 2500, 13, 1115, 7612, 264, 1579, 2237, 315, 25702, 8863, 323, 65767, 67741, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 3629, 13123, 65767, 11774, 1778, 439, 41760, 13795, 24282, 11, 13042, 15407, 11, 323, 5043, 65319, 8982, 11, 902, 4726, 25228, 1463, 279, 7410, 814, 3663, 13, 23212, 11, 279, 1205, 369, 4732, 323, 13708, 649, 387, 1524, 810, 88004, 994, 66744, 2391, 1579, 5594, 731, 4455, 11, 38614, 11, 477, 34616, 16659, 1405, 16437, 374, 74510, 627, 1271, 23075, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 387, 1664, 12, 44876, 304, 279, 15823, 814, 990, 449, 11, 15575, 264, 7029, 82105, 36018, 11, 323, 4822, 6177, 389, 1510, 4455, 323, 13042, 84889, 13, 2435, 2011, 1101, 2274, 7524, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 311, 30357, 12602, 323, 14532, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 13, 578, 5845, 311, 1781, 323, 6604, 25291, 11, 304, 2204, 15823, 11, 323, 10519, 32373, 323, 13708, 374, 264, 10151, 430, 7612, 6926, 6725, 323, 19815, 6721, 4500, 13, 18185, 279, 11774, 11, 18412, 5153, 889, 649, 3790, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 1514, 264, 16595, 3560, 304, 77847, 3252, 4221, 30740, 323, 68365, 10758, 1990, 7931, 323, 27833, 627, 67834, 2101, 51275, 323, 2493, 10981, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 67834, 2101, 13708, 323, 32373, 304, 58632, 23692, 374, 264, 9200, 13189, 315, 279, 40399, 753, 3560, 13, 1666, 459, 40399, 11, 433, 374, 7718, 311, 20599, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 30357, 11, 1418, 23391, 430, 279, 23692, 8625, 2867, 323, 49839, 311, 279, 10877, 13, 42224, 4504, 420, 7612, 539, 1193, 65767, 63239, 719, 1101, 3831, 14624, 323, 25702, 7512, 627, 4599, 66744, 25291, 11, 279, 40399, 2011, 9020, 311, 279, 19114, 753, 4339, 304, 832, 4221, 1418, 25291, 1376, 15853, 323, 24944, 279, 23692, 304, 2500, 4221, 13, 1115, 1920, 7612, 4062, 7422, 323, 7524, 4221, 8863, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 23692, 374, 13687, 323, 27053, 279, 19114, 753, 10825, 7438, 13, 23674, 11, 279, 40399, 2011, 387, 3025, 311, 10299, 6485, 323, 11156, 57726, 11, 70817, 872, 4221, 311, 7937, 279, 2317, 323, 279, 10877, 753, 2237, 315, 8830, 13, 1115, 26420, 430, 279, 23692, 8625, 2867, 323, 15987, 11, 1524, 994, 14892, 449, 7701, 28175, 15223, 13, 3296, 20958, 13708, 323, 32373, 304, 58632, 23692, 11, 18412, 5153, 1514, 264, 16595, 3560, 304, 77847, 3252, 4221, 30740, 323, 68365, 7524, 10758, 4028, 17226, 27833, 323, 15823, 627, 41504, 275, 71805, 323, 73235, 9069, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 41504, 275, 71805, 323, 73235, 9069, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 459, 57216, 1920, 430, 18651, 25363, 85360, 71805, 7512, 505, 279, 40399, 13, 763, 1972, 7394, 11, 814, 2011, 9020, 311, 323, 1920, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 1418, 25291, 11418, 323, 36870, 4954, 872, 23692, 304, 279, 2218, 4221, 13, 1115, 7612, 279, 40399, 753, 8271, 311, 19019, 3480, 1990, 2204, 25702, 9256, 11, 1778, 439, 14624, 11, 42118, 11, 12963, 2518, 11, 323, 17843, 4221, 627, 791, 25702, 2865, 11, 477, 10723, 5149, 11, 6532, 304, 58632, 23692, 374, 38883, 13, 2876, 1193, 656, 18412, 5153, 1205, 311, 58389, 323, 20599, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 30357, 11, 719, 814, 2011, 1101, 10299, 1023, 9547, 25291, 13, 4314, 2997, 20958, 32373, 11, 29237, 11, 323, 24944, 279, 23692, 449, 6300, 32528, 323, 20047, 13, 2057, 11322, 420, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 15575, 11084, 4221, 7512, 11, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 3917, 5030, 11, 323, 279, 5845, 311, 6288, 2680, 9959, 57726, 13, 23212, 11, 814, 2011, 8891, 872, 1866, 5178, 11, 23391, 13708, 323, 27375, 6957, 279, 4553, 23692, 1920, 13, 49407, 682, 1521, 9256, 25291, 649, 387, 7701, 26192, 323, 34325, 79953, 369, 18412, 5153, 11, 82003, 279, 1205, 369, 96278, 18459, 323, 19815, 6721, 4500, 304, 420, 2115, 627, 1959, 5065, 11688, 4821, 17740, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 264, 17436, 3465, 430, 7612, 4221, 15749, 311, 23075, 5370, 4221, 30740, 304, 1972, 892, 13, 3861, 315, 279, 6156, 32116, 17011, 555, 18412, 5153, 374, 65767, 12062, 11, 902, 649, 2997, 2204, 43379, 82, 11, 59570, 11, 323, 71722, 13, 6193, 5065, 1521, 30740, 7612, 18412, 5153, 311, 617, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 2225, 279, 2592, 323, 2218, 15823, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 279, 13042, 84889, 430, 1253, 7958, 10758, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 3629, 3539, 16781, 36018, 11, 32528, 11, 323, 14624, 7512, 311, 6106, 13687, 323, 2867, 23692, 369, 279, 13324, 627, 58276, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 387, 10235, 311, 3790, 15082, 1405, 1070, 374, 264, 6996, 315, 85262, 1990, 4339, 477, 32847, 304, 279, 2592, 323, 2218, 15823, 13, 1115, 649, 12446, 4245, 311, 13042, 12062, 11, 41760, 13795, 24282, 11, 477, 11156, 57726, 430, 1587, 539, 617, 264, 2167, 14807, 13, 763, 1778, 5157, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 3539, 872, 6677, 323, 19248, 311, 1505, 14791, 91362, 477, 3493, 41941, 311, 14497, 279, 4221, 13225, 13, 23212, 11, 814, 1253, 1205, 311, 656, 16781, 3495, 323, 11537, 553, 5694, 449, 279, 3917, 5030, 52159, 311, 6106, 13687, 23692, 13, 6193, 5065, 1521, 4221, 30740, 7612, 18412, 5153, 311, 387, 19303, 11, 94848, 11, 323, 31978, 2713, 872, 4221, 7512, 323, 6677, 311, 3493, 264, 11113, 323, 7524, 10758, 5613, 1990, 2204, 4221, 10977, 627, 1951, 6260, 449, 22872, 323, 27766, 47045, 2508, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 3629, 18911, 264, 54829, 8815, 994, 433, 4131, 311, 14892, 449, 6485, 323, 11156, 57726, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 527, 2631, 311, 6288, 1920, 323, 20599, 28175, 4221, 2949, 279, 2317, 315, 17226, 31576, 1778, 439, 16088, 11, 2383, 11, 17452, 11, 323, 5557, 13, 1115, 18651, 459, 25363, 2237, 315, 65767, 63239, 323, 3917, 5030, 19248, 627, 1271, 23075, 420, 8815, 11, 58632, 18412, 5153, 3539, 5370, 15174, 311, 6106, 13708, 323, 32373, 304, 872, 58689, 13, 77795, 11, 16781, 18459, 374, 7718, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 6929, 17879, 3495, 389, 279, 8712, 52159, 11, 11537, 4954, 5694, 449, 9959, 10415, 9268, 323, 19476, 13, 1115, 20682, 1124, 311, 48248, 4754, 11774, 323, 13750, 10299, 6485, 36018, 2391, 279, 23692, 1920, 13, 23212, 11, 18412, 5153, 22815, 16988, 304, 19815, 6721, 4500, 11, 24096, 38614, 11, 35936, 11, 323, 3566, 47437, 311, 4822, 6177, 389, 279, 5652, 26006, 304, 5370, 5151, 13, 1115, 14529, 6975, 26420, 814, 15575, 264, 6573, 16665, 315, 6677, 323, 527, 19167, 311, 3790, 6485, 57726, 449, 14553, 627, 34, 44547, 32252, 18546, 323, 9805, 940, 46551, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 4054, 315, 279, 16996, 7512, 2631, 304, 58632, 23692, 374, 13042, 27541, 323, 66251, 8830, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 2011, 539, 1193, 15575, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 2592, 323, 2218, 15823, 11, 719, 814, 2011, 1101, 387, 8010, 315, 279, 13042, 84889, 323, 41589, 94526, 2317, 4920, 279, 4339, 1694, 22066, 627, 34, 44547, 27541, 374, 16595, 1606, 2204, 27833, 1253, 617, 29865, 5627, 315, 37810, 6848, 477, 19476, 13, 362, 3492, 477, 17571, 304, 832, 4221, 1253, 6920, 2204, 390, 14632, 477, 50800, 304, 2500, 4221, 4245, 311, 13042, 12062, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 1205, 311, 387, 8010, 315, 1521, 84889, 311, 30357, 20599, 279, 10825, 7438, 311, 279, 2218, 10877, 13, 1115, 7612, 539, 1193, 264, 16195, 6677, 315, 279, 15823, 6532, 719, 1101, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 13042, 40851, 11, 35869, 11, 323, 32006, 5938, 449, 1884, 15823, 627, 2014, 940, 8830, 5900, 1450, 304, 1450, 449, 13042, 27541, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 2011, 539, 1193, 5357, 389, 3927, 4339, 719, 2011, 1101, 2980, 279, 8244, 2317, 304, 902, 279, 8982, 374, 12886, 13, 2435, 1205, 311, 3619, 279, 4092, 11, 7580, 11, 323, 7537, 315, 279, 19114, 311, 6106, 279, 13687, 23692, 315, 872, 1984, 13, 1115, 18065, 1694, 3025, 311, 3820, 709, 389, 27545, 57016, 11, 16630, 11, 323, 2547, 4221, 11, 439, 1664, 439, 1694, 11537, 449, 279, 8712, 1694, 14407, 13, 3296, 50087, 10194, 279, 27927, 2317, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 3493, 810, 13687, 323, 23222, 58689, 430, 89986, 449, 279, 2218, 10877, 627, 39706, 20423, 27843, 488, 323, 13525, 46703, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 50742, 46703, 323, 55861, 3878, 17477, 264, 5199, 8815, 304, 279, 2115, 315, 58632, 23692, 13, 4567, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 527, 14134, 41782, 449, 4339, 477, 32847, 430, 617, 5361, 50800, 477, 649, 387, 33398, 22009, 11911, 389, 279, 2317, 13, 1115, 4541, 82829, 4062, 7422, 323, 16994, 6492, 311, 34477, 279, 10825, 1984, 30357, 13, 578, 40399, 2011, 387, 81334, 323, 94848, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 4495, 23692, 374, 32951, 291, 311, 279, 10877, 627, 39706, 72868, 7612, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 2225, 15823, 6532, 304, 279, 23692, 1920, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 2011, 15575, 539, 1193, 65767, 7512, 719, 1101, 16195, 6677, 315, 279, 3917, 5030, 1694, 14407, 13, 2435, 2011, 387, 3025, 311, 42645, 279, 2317, 304, 902, 279, 55861, 4751, 374, 1511, 323, 1304, 16369, 11429, 389, 1268, 311, 14532, 433, 13, 578, 5845, 311, 6056, 64784, 505, 22032, 994, 17011, 449, 72868, 649, 1101, 387, 56193, 304, 23391, 13687, 10758, 13, 4567, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 2011, 7293, 10968, 323, 54946, 11, 5644, 311, 21546, 1555, 1521, 65767, 32116, 311, 10519, 279, 4367, 323, 32373, 315, 279, 23692, 627, 99729, 51568, 323, 26417, 22711, 304, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 99729, 8631, 323, 36709, 374, 7718, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 311, 10519, 872, 5178, 323, 1664, 33851, 13, 578, 26192, 7138, 315, 420, 3560, 11, 34356, 449, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 11, 649, 3063, 311, 10723, 323, 7106, 70663, 13, 1102, 374, 16996, 369, 18412, 5153, 311, 63652, 659, 41206, 323, 4305, 15174, 311, 13750, 10299, 8631, 323, 12896, 36709, 627, 4054, 1648, 311, 10299, 8631, 374, 555, 6968, 264, 34030, 29388, 323, 25976, 892, 6373, 12823, 13, 4567, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 3629, 990, 1234, 10508, 58982, 11, 449, 5361, 9256, 311, 503, 50428, 520, 3131, 13, 3296, 15061, 1523, 32272, 1139, 71128, 21282, 323, 6376, 26569, 9021, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 61705, 8631, 323, 10519, 5357, 13, 23212, 11, 35821, 990, 37869, 323, 52913, 5912, 18808, 649, 1520, 8108, 10723, 36709, 323, 5376, 8244, 26206, 13, 65658, 2800, 323, 43685, 527, 16595, 369, 18412, 5153, 311, 70543, 819, 872, 4907, 5990, 323, 10519, 279, 1579, 20545, 4460, 369, 13687, 23692, 627, 34, 34807, 449, 279, 17737, 85619, 323, 5234, 20880, 315, 8245, 198, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 264, 26192, 4913, 430, 7612, 7931, 311, 37586, 449, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 5108, 872, 1648, 13, 1666, 279, 19114, 28421, 872, 1984, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 9020, 11, 58389, 11, 323, 15025, 433, 1139, 279, 2218, 4221, 4661, 9888, 20933, 13, 1115, 1920, 7612, 25363, 25702, 18000, 323, 65767, 7512, 311, 2567, 709, 449, 279, 11295, 6530, 315, 2038, 627, 1271, 37586, 449, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 11, 58632, 18412, 5153, 3539, 5370, 15174, 13, 3861, 3062, 15105, 374, 4642, 14624, 11, 1405, 814, 37455, 70733, 389, 279, 19114, 753, 4339, 11, 16630, 11, 323, 84889, 13, 1115, 6276, 18412, 5153, 311, 12602, 279, 4553, 1984, 30357, 323, 304, 1972, 7394, 13, 23212, 11, 814, 2274, 9250, 5296, 80671, 7512, 311, 6106, 814, 1541, 1431, 3194, 904, 16996, 3649, 2391, 279, 23692, 1920, 13, 4314, 8554, 8854, 439, 264, 15062, 5905, 994, 24944, 279, 25548, 1984, 11, 23391, 13708, 323, 32373, 13, 1666, 279, 18651, 315, 58632, 23692, 649, 387, 34325, 323, 22655, 79953, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 1101, 63652, 659, 41206, 323, 10299, 8631, 311, 10519, 23669, 5357, 323, 5178, 627, 58568, 9151, 77797, 323, 62261, 2214, 31340, 369, 4567, 495, 18133, 73177, 367, 198, 56031, 323, 20545, 7512, 527, 9200, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 311, 6106, 13687, 323, 7524, 23692, 13, 578, 26192, 7138, 315, 420, 4913, 7612, 18412, 5153, 311, 9020, 52309, 3210, 311, 279, 19114, 1418, 25291, 8863, 279, 2038, 323, 21568, 433, 304, 279, 2218, 4221, 13, 2057, 18885, 872, 14624, 7512, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 3539, 5370, 12823, 323, 15174, 627, 4054, 7524, 15105, 374, 4642, 14624, 11, 902, 18065, 22815, 23387, 449, 279, 19114, 555, 12798, 3345, 6666, 311, 872, 16630, 11, 528, 91983, 11, 323, 2547, 4221, 13, 1115, 6276, 18412, 5153, 311, 539, 1193, 12602, 279, 4339, 1694, 22066, 719, 1101, 3619, 279, 16940, 7438, 323, 21958, 73897, 13, 23212, 11, 36666, 71705, 649, 1520, 18412, 5153, 4822, 10968, 323, 7373, 3118, 304, 279, 4545, 11, 28462, 1124, 311, 2731, 35406, 323, 1920, 279, 2038, 1694, 73897, 13, 29900, 33862, 323, 5655, 27027, 23783, 649, 1520, 18412, 5153, 2274, 264, 19858, 323, 73898, 40543, 430, 374, 7718, 369, 7524, 23692, 627, 644, 32546, 449, 47594, 14624, 7512, 11, 18412, 5153, 1101, 1205, 311, 2274, 3831, 20545, 18000, 13, 1115, 18065, 279, 5845, 311, 4141, 704, 77549, 323, 10519, 29759, 5357, 389, 279, 19114, 323, 279, 23692, 3465, 520, 1450, 13, 2057, 7417, 20545, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 3539, 12823, 1778, 439, 42148, 11, 1405, 814, 34325, 6945, 5694, 7946, 66744, 304, 17436, 15082, 13, 2435, 649, 1101, 1464, 1523, 279, 23692, 3465, 1139, 9333, 11, 71128, 21282, 11, 21760, 389, 832, 10449, 520, 264, 892, 311, 5766, 8430, 43206, 13, 23212, 11, 6968, 264, 95561, 28614, 11, 1949, 505, 77549, 11, 323, 25976, 7524, 892, 6373, 15174, 649, 1520, 18412, 5153, 10519, 264, 1579, 2237, 315, 20545, 6957, 872, 66744, 16079, 627, 1383, 22815, 3318, 389, 47594, 872, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 11, 58632, 18412, 5153, 649, 20259, 872, 5845, 311, 30357, 14532, 323, 13750, 14497, 65767, 323, 13042, 30740, 304, 1972, 7394, 13, 4314, 7512, 11, 994, 5954, 291, 13750, 11, 7431, 18412, 5153, 311, 3493, 47970, 323, 1579, 22867, 58689, 430, 28696, 7524, 10758, 1990, 2204, 4221, 22032, 198, 68639, 5560, 315, 83593, 20849, 323, 12053, 198, 4599, 433, 4131, 311, 58632, 23692, 11, 279, 7524, 1005, 315, 40399, 7241, 323, 5557, 11335, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 23391, 11113, 323, 13687, 10758, 1990, 15823, 13, 5783, 1762, 1303, 92259, 19167, 449, 5222, 16157, 7384, 323, 11084, 7855, 6067, 527, 7718, 304, 6968, 264, 54716, 12862, 4676, 369, 18412, 5153, 311, 990, 304, 13, 4314, 92259, 1520, 311, 30437, 4092, 12248, 323, 3493, 2867, 7855, 17738, 11, 10923, 18412, 5153, 311, 5357, 21742, 389, 872, 3465, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 5222, 16157, 92259, 11, 18412, 5153, 17631, 389, 28175, 2010, 5022, 323, 8162, 17144, 311, 28696, 872, 990, 13, 5234, 22867, 2010, 5022, 449, 12248, 86103, 287, 4519, 7431, 18412, 5153, 311, 6865, 279, 4113, 19114, 9539, 323, 30437, 904, 32317, 13, 578, 1005, 315, 8162, 17144, 8779, 311, 6493, 279, 33398, 1984, 311, 279, 10877, 477, 7931, 889, 1397, 23692, 11, 23391, 430, 279, 2038, 374, 34699, 30357, 323, 12963, 70872, 627, 57417, 11, 279, 88465, 315, 14713, 48448, 5557, 706, 19407, 24872, 279, 17357, 315, 58632, 23692, 13, 3161, 279, 11599, 315, 8870, 23692, 6067, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 1457, 3493, 872, 3600, 505, 264, 8821, 3813, 11, 40599, 279, 1205, 369, 7106, 9546, 520, 279, 1567, 13, 1115, 8870, 6642, 6276, 369, 25152, 323, 40800, 11, 28462, 18412, 5153, 311, 29068, 311, 4455, 323, 38614, 505, 12660, 304, 279, 1917, 13, 578, 18052, 315, 5370, 3241, 323, 6505, 8522, 1101, 29944, 18412, 5153, 304, 18646, 323, 35821, 872, 54696, 11, 10494, 3839, 315, 32272, 11, 323, 19994, 6177, 449, 5064, 19440, 57726, 627, 28589, 11, 279, 7524, 1005, 315, 40399, 7241, 323, 5557, 19407, 44072, 311, 279, 2450, 315, 58632, 23692, 13, 3296, 8405, 18412, 5153, 449, 279, 5995, 7526, 323, 5070, 11, 433, 26420, 47970, 10758, 323, 20682, 1124, 311, 6493, 13687, 323, 11297, 23692, 3600, 13, 1666, 5557, 9731, 311, 12178, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 1427, 4741, 311, 1524, 810, 18699, 10105, 430, 690, 4726, 82703, 279, 23692, 1920, 323, 18885, 872, 8244, 5178, 627, 31233, 23097, 403, 323, 87687, 449, 3623, 12, 3386, 1762, 5153, 198, 31233, 39474, 323, 20632, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 374, 16996, 304, 279, 2115, 315, 58632, 23692, 13, 763, 2015, 311, 3493, 7524, 323, 47970, 4221, 3600, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 5813, 264, 3831, 3318, 5133, 449, 872, 12637, 18412, 5153, 13, 1115, 12302, 449, 1825, 10758, 323, 264, 6222, 8830, 315, 279, 3465, 520, 1450, 13, 3296, 86644, 264, 5647, 315, 97686, 1013, 648, 323, 27848, 5201, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 1893, 264, 33445, 4676, 1405, 814, 649, 26662, 9473, 6848, 11, 38263, 40017, 11, 323, 3493, 54584, 11302, 311, 7417, 872, 5178, 13, 763, 5369, 11, 4857, 39474, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 649, 1101, 3063, 311, 2731, 84633, 323, 38793, 2391, 32272, 11, 23391, 430, 58689, 527, 87516, 323, 13263, 6957, 279, 8250, 315, 459, 1567, 627, 15623, 4422, 367, 24059, 18412, 5153, 374, 264, 1401, 13189, 315, 6992, 58632, 23692, 13, 1102, 18065, 3318, 3871, 311, 23075, 11774, 323, 1304, 16369, 11429, 304, 1972, 7394, 13, 1115, 20632, 649, 1935, 5370, 7739, 11, 1778, 439, 66515, 23692, 12823, 11, 11821, 57726, 5070, 11, 477, 1524, 4737, 10800, 311, 2800, 2391, 35306, 32272, 13, 3296, 22815, 23387, 304, 20632, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 8935, 505, 25631, 39555, 323, 31518, 872, 1866, 23692, 7512, 13, 24296, 11, 7524, 20632, 649, 1101, 17210, 311, 264, 810, 75160, 29388, 11, 28462, 18412, 5153, 311, 10737, 311, 19019, 10223, 15082, 323, 6493, 1579, 22867, 58689, 1234, 7410, 13, 55106, 11, 4857, 39474, 323, 20632, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 73633, 264, 810, 47970, 323, 6721, 23692, 3217, 369, 2225, 279, 18412, 5153, 5694, 323, 279, 10877, 814, 8854, 627, 2654, 391, 1303, 311, 34496, 73177, 367, 11548, 323, 2998, 18347, 198, 791, 5845, 311, 10737, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 374, 264, 16996, 10151, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 13, 9062, 23692, 6376, 18911, 1202, 1866, 5016, 11774, 323, 8670, 11, 26192, 279, 40399, 311, 387, 19303, 323, 94848, 13, 13440, 433, 374, 304, 264, 10017, 3130, 11, 264, 59220, 11, 264, 6593, 12764, 11, 477, 904, 1023, 6376, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 6288, 8720, 279, 4676, 323, 1304, 5995, 34074, 311, 6106, 7524, 10758, 627, 4054, 13189, 315, 70817, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 374, 8830, 279, 3230, 13042, 323, 66251, 84889, 430, 1253, 387, 3118, 13, 5783, 1762, 5153, 1205, 311, 387, 16614, 311, 279, 13042, 12659, 11, 40851, 11, 323, 17078, 315, 279, 13324, 304, 2015, 311, 30357, 20599, 279, 10825, 6743, 13, 763, 1063, 5157, 11, 3738, 13042, 15407, 477, 41760, 13795, 24282, 1253, 1397, 5217, 41941, 477, 77765, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 2218, 10877, 7373, 12963, 1438, 279, 7438, 13, 2467, 391, 1303, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 1101, 18065, 1694, 8010, 315, 904, 11156, 8670, 477, 7241, 430, 1253, 387, 2561, 11, 1778, 439, 8162, 17144, 477, 66744, 92259, 11, 323, 35988, 1124, 13750, 311, 18885, 279, 23692, 1920, 627, 644, 5369, 311, 13042, 38864, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 1101, 387, 10235, 311, 3790, 29865, 3917, 13146, 323, 57726, 304, 2204, 23692, 5110, 13, 13440, 433, 374, 5897, 57726, 304, 264, 59220, 11, 11156, 503, 71921, 304, 264, 12624, 10017, 11, 477, 6485, 6593, 3878, 304, 264, 18985, 6376, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 15575, 264, 7029, 2134, 315, 6677, 323, 36018, 304, 2015, 311, 30357, 14532, 279, 2262, 13, 1115, 7612, 19815, 6721, 4500, 323, 19994, 6177, 389, 5064, 19440, 57726, 323, 18845, 13, 2467, 391, 1303, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 5900, 7953, 4221, 63239, 26, 433, 71010, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 3917, 5030, 323, 279, 5845, 311, 20599, 433, 449, 54711, 32373, 323, 13708, 627, 2170, 18412, 5153, 13123, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 6957, 872, 31133, 11, 872, 10737, 2968, 323, 60112, 690, 387, 1401, 311, 872, 2450, 13, 578, 5845, 311, 6288, 8720, 323, 21546, 1521, 5110, 11, 1418, 13126, 13042, 11, 11156, 11, 323, 3917, 19440, 13878, 11, 374, 1148, 7437, 25363, 18412, 5153, 10980, 13, 3161, 19815, 6975, 323, 74013, 315, 872, 7512, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 6106, 47970, 10758, 4028, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 11, 77847, 3252, 4221, 30740, 323, 21583, 1274, 505, 17226, 36576, 627, 95880, 21931, 11050, 369, 4567, 495, 18133, 5783, 1762, 5153, 198, 95880, 6721, 4500, 374, 16996, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 311, 25555, 304, 872, 2115, 13, 763, 420, 26192, 4913, 11, 18412, 5153, 2011, 15320, 2713, 872, 7512, 11, 9407, 872, 6677, 11, 323, 46464, 872, 12823, 13, 3296, 23387, 304, 19815, 6721, 4500, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 18885, 872, 4221, 63239, 11, 4822, 709, 311, 2457, 449, 5064, 18845, 11, 323, 3719, 11537, 449, 502, 14645, 323, 7526, 430, 649, 1862, 872, 990, 627, 4054, 13189, 315, 19815, 6721, 4500, 18065, 18899, 4221, 7512, 13, 4567, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 2011, 387, 58868, 304, 2225, 872, 2592, 323, 2218, 15823, 11, 323, 814, 2011, 617, 264, 5655, 8830, 315, 279, 84889, 323, 13042, 38697, 315, 1521, 15823, 13, 17331, 4221, 14307, 323, 35936, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 46464, 872, 36018, 11, 32528, 11, 323, 20047, 311, 6106, 13687, 323, 7524, 23692, 13, 23212, 11, 24096, 38614, 323, 29130, 449, 1023, 4221, 15749, 649, 3493, 15525, 10708, 369, 4221, 9473, 323, 6975, 505, 26081, 13, 3296, 15320, 5954, 287, 872, 4221, 7512, 11, 18412, 5153, 649, 6106, 1948, 78611, 5178, 304, 279, 5043, 65319, 323, 17436, 1917, 315, 58632, 23692, 627, 3923, 374, 58632, 23692, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 23692, 374, 264, 1376, 315, 4221, 23692, 1405, 279, 40399, 64748, 311, 264, 19114, 323, 5825, 264, 1972, 7394, 14807, 304, 2500, 4221, 627, 3923, 527, 279, 11774, 17011, 555, 58632, 18412, 5153, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 3663, 11774, 1778, 439, 18646, 8631, 323, 36709, 11, 14892, 449, 6485, 57726, 11, 20958, 13708, 11, 323, 11850, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 23075, 4221, 30740, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 23075, 4221, 30740, 555, 60662, 3831, 4221, 7512, 11, 13042, 27541, 11, 323, 66251, 8830, 11, 902, 1520, 1124, 30357, 20599, 7438, 4028, 15823, 627, 3923, 374, 279, 3560, 315, 19815, 6721, 4500, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 5380, 95880, 6721, 4500, 11335, 264, 16996, 3560, 304, 23391, 430, 58632, 18412, 5153, 4822, 6177, 449, 4221, 83787, 11, 5064, 10886, 11, 323, 502, 14645, 11, 10923, 1124, 311, 18885, 872, 7512, 323, 19248, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 10299, 8631, 323, 36709, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 10299, 8631, 323, 36709, 555, 51297, 8631, 6373, 12823, 11, 36666, 659, 41206, 11, 323, 20958, 264, 9498, 990, 26928, 8335, 627, 3923, 374, 279, 12939, 315, 13708, 323, 32373, 304, 58632, 23692, 5380, 46922, 323, 32373, 527, 7718, 304, 58632, 23692, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 10825, 1984, 374, 30357, 73897, 311, 279, 2218, 10877, 2085, 904, 72868, 477, 70847, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 3790, 6485, 323, 11156, 57726, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 3790, 6485, 323, 11156, 57726, 555, 20646, 304, 12178, 11, 31474, 3495, 11, 323, 73301, 449, 3917, 5030, 11909, 311, 3619, 323, 30357, 14532, 28175, 4221, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 37586, 449, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 37586, 449, 279, 5043, 18338, 323, 1579, 8286, 315, 2038, 555, 51297, 7524, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 11, 35988, 5296, 80671, 12823, 11, 323, 31978, 36666, 872, 66744, 7512, 627, 3923, 374, 279, 3560, 315, 85360, 71805, 304, 58632, 23692, 5380, 41504, 275, 71805, 374, 264, 16996, 10151, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 439, 814, 1205, 311, 9020, 11, 1920, 11, 323, 15025, 279, 19114, 753, 1984, 1418, 25291, 16967, 872, 1866, 23692, 369, 13708, 323, 32373, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 18885, 872, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 18885, 872, 14624, 323, 20545, 7512, 1555, 5912, 6725, 11, 4642, 14624, 12823, 11, 323, 23387, 304, 7640, 430, 7417, 5357, 323, 6666, 627, 4438, 649, 58632, 18412, 5153, 13750, 1005, 40399, 7241, 323, 5557, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 649, 13750, 1005, 40399, 7241, 323, 5557, 555, 11537, 4954, 5694, 449, 279, 7526, 11, 24096, 4967, 16079, 11, 323, 19994, 6177, 389, 279, 5652, 83787, 304, 23692, 5557, 627, 3923, 374, 279, 12939, 315, 4857, 39474, 323, 20632, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 5380, 31233, 39474, 323, 20632, 449, 1080, 45994, 1762, 5153, 374, 3062, 439, 433, 6276, 369, 11113, 38793, 11, 57924, 279, 4367, 315, 23692, 11, 323, 26420, 47970, 34692, 1990, 18412, 5153, 2391, 5129, 32272, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 10737, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 10737, 311, 2204, 23692, 5110, 323, 22484, 555, 31474, 17879, 3495, 11, 11537, 4954, 5694, 449, 279, 8712, 323, 2317, 11, 323, 6288, 43468, 872, 66744, 1742, 311, 2489, 279, 8670, 315, 279, 6671, 627, 3923, 3560, 1587, 13042, 27541, 1514, 304, 58632, 23692, 5380, 34, 44547, 27541, 374, 16996, 304, 58632, 23692, 439, 433, 8779, 18412, 5153, 3619, 13042, 84889, 11, 5766, 90700, 826, 11, 323, 30357, 20599, 279, 19114, 753, 10825, 7438, 2949, 279, 8475, 13042, 2317, 627, 4438, 656, 58632, 18412, 5153, 3790, 72868, 323, 5105, 46703, 304, 23692, 5380, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 3790, 72868, 323, 5105, 46703, 555, 51297, 66251, 6492, 11, 11125, 64784, 994, 5995, 11, 323, 35988, 872, 65767, 19248, 311, 3373, 279, 1455, 8475, 23692, 3196, 389, 279, 2728, 2317, 627, 3923, 527, 1063, 7524, 12823, 369, 18646, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 5380, 8538, 7524, 12823, 369, 18646, 279, 7410, 315, 1972, 7394, 4221, 8863, 2997, 20958, 264, 19858, 40543, 11, 35988, 892, 6373, 15174, 11, 323, 23387, 304, 5912, 659, 44107, 1191, 323, 659, 38025, 782, 7986, 627, 14354, 495, 18133, 18412, 5153, 649, 23075, 4221, 14228, 11774, 1555, 19815, 4221, 6975, 11, 24050, 872, 36018, 11, 323, 19994, 6177, 449, 4221, 26006, 323, 18845, 627, 3923, 5070, 527, 2561, 369, 19815, 6721, 4500, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 5380, 95880, 6721, 4500, 5070, 369, 58632, 18412, 5153, 2997, 24096, 35936, 323, 38614, 11, 24435, 304, 2930, 4967, 7620, 11, 323, 18667, 6721, 30257, 430, 3085, 10151, 52499, 10708, 627, 3923, 527, 279, 1401, 7512, 2631, 369, 6992, 58632, 23692, 5380, 1622, 7512, 2631, 369, 6992, 58632, 23692, 2997, 3831, 4221, 63239, 11, 4642, 14624, 11, 85360, 71805, 11, 13042, 17985, 11, 10737, 2968, 11, 7524, 10758, 11, 323, 19815, 659, 38025, 782, 7986, 627, 4438, 1587, 19815, 6721, 4500, 8935, 58632, 18412, 5153, 5380, 95880, 6721, 4500, 7720, 58632, 18412, 5153, 555, 47594, 872, 7512, 11, 24050, 872, 6721, 4009, 11, 18899, 2683, 10708, 11, 323, 10494, 1124, 709, 4791, 18920, 449, 5064, 83787, 11, 13967, 6522, 311, 6721, 6650, 323, 2450, 13, 128001 ]