Search query: basic electronic properties and technology

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abstract: We report on a German network project in which the technology and the basic electronic properties of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells are investigated. In contrast to the approach of Sanyo our focus is on hetero solar cells fabricated on p type substrates without an a Si:H(i) buffer layer. One goal of the project is to transfer the results obtained on single crystalline wafers to inexpensive substrates, such as block cast multicrystalline silicon or edge defined film fed grown silicon. All solar cells investigated here are completely processed at low temperatures <250degC) Simulation studies show that a critical parameter is the defect density at the interface between the amorphous and the crystalline semiconductor both at the front and rear side. The interface state density has to be minimized to obtain maximum open circuit voltages. Using optimised deposition conditions of the amorphous silicon efficiencies larger 17% are obtaind on p type c Si wafers and larger 18% on n type c Si. For large area cells a low temperature screen printing process was developed. On a cell area of 10x10 cm2 an efficiency of 12.9% on block cast multicrystalline silicon is achieved.
author_names: Horst Windgassen

Uwe Rau

Philipp Johannes Rostan

Jurgen Henze

Jan Schmidt

Maximilian Scherff

Wolfgang R Fahrner

Dietmar Borchert

Saioa Tardon

Rudolf Bruggemann

Helmut Stiebig

Manfred Schmidt

Auf der Reihe
title: BASIC ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES AND TECHNOLOGY OF TCO/a Si:H(n)/c Si(p) HETEROSTRUCTURE SOLAR CELLS: A GERMAN NETWORK PROJECT
year: 2005

abstract: Among distinct 2 D materials, Graphene has attained higher potential due to its attractive properties. This material provided a new dimension to nanotechnology and material research. It has a 2D honeycomb structure lattice having a single layer of carbon atoms due to which it is flexible in nature, durable and lighter than any material. It has a wide range of applications starting from the fabrication of products, biological engineering, optical electronics, electrical engineering, and biomedical field. Morden Graphene's research has been directed towards the exploration of electronic properties and their electron transfer properties. This attracts the interest of scientists and engineers to come up with new theories and technologies. Experiments are conducted on Graphene to discover new features suitable for different area of interests. Graphene is among one of the materials which are undergoing intense research due to its fascinating properties from the last 2 3 decades. In this review paper, some basic properties of Graphene are discussed, followed by their respective applications, and then current research in Graphene is explored. Overall this paper gives an overview of Graphene in terms of properties and its applications, especially in the medical sector, which will enlighten future research in the field of material science. KeywordsGraphene, 2D Materials, Applications of Graphene, Protective Coatings.
author_names: Srajan Gupta
title: Recent development in Graphene technology for multidisciplinary properties and its applications: A Review
year: 2020

abstract: Ordered atomic scale superlattices on a surface hold great interest both for basic science and for potential applications in advanced technology. However, controlled fabrication of superlattices down to the atomic scale has proven exceptionally challenging. Here we develop a segregation method to realize self organization of S superlattices at the interface of graphene and S rich Cu substrates. Via scanning tunneling microscope measurements, we directly image well ordered identical nanocluster superlattices and atomic superlattices under the cover of graphene. Scanning tunneling spectra show that the superlattices in turn could modulate the electronic structure of top layer graphene. Importantly, a special ordered S monatomic superlattice commensurate with a graphene lattice is found to drive semimetal graphene into a symmetry broken phase the electronic Kekule distortion phase which opens a bandgap of ~245 meV.
author_names: Dongling Ma

Zhong-Qiu Fu

Xuelei Sui

Ke-ke Bai

Jiabin Qiao

Chao Yan

Yuanwei Zhang

Jingyi Hu

Qian Xiao

Xinrui Mao

Wenhui Duan

Lin He
title: Modulating the Electronic Properties of Graphene by Self Organized Sulfur Identical Nanoclusters and Atomic Superlattices Confined at an Interface.
venue: ACS nano
year: 2018

abstract: Signal oscillators based on DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) are widely used in recent years. However, order metrological characteristics of signals generated by these oscillators have not been studied in many cases, and uses of such oscillators are not always justified. First of all, signals of the most popular sine waveform are unsatisfactory in terms of metrology, including errors of amplitude, period and their instability, total harmonic distortion. Certainly, with the development of integrated circuit fabrication technology, errors of basic units decrease. Therefore, it can be expected that instrumental errors will be decreasing in the nearest future. However, not only instrumental but also method errors are intrinsic to direct digital synthesis of signals. These method errors will determine limiting metrological characteristics as a hardware component of digital oscillators continue to be improved. When considering metrological characteristics of DDS based digital oscillators, it is necessary to take into account that their output signals are quasiperiodic. This produces a complex spectrum of signals. Three methods for estimating a spectrum are proposed. Summation of amplitudes of spectral components in modulus is found to determine the level of signal amplitude and its instability, while vector summation determines period and its instability. Finally, root mean square summation determines total harmonic distortion. This paper analyzes limiting distortions of an output sine wave signal with the aim of identifying the most appropriate application of these oscillators. It should be noted that the method error in this case is a theoretical error, which is very difficult to determine experimentally against other errors. Therefore, only results of mathematical modeling are given in the article. We present the graphics that allow right sampling frequency to be chosen depending on a specified error of amplitude, error of period, and total harmonic distortion of output voltage.
author_names: Yuriy Konstantinovich Rybin

T A Petlina
title: Basic metrological properties of electronic oscillators with direct digital synthesis
year: 2017

abstract: The public defense on 12th June 2020 at 12:00 will be available via remote technology. Link: https:/aalto.zoom.us/j/62968943922 Zoom Quick Guide: https:/www.aalto.fi/en/services/zoom quick guide Electronic online display version of the doctoral thesis is available by email by request from aaltodoc diss@aalto.fi
author_names: Miia Kivio
title: Utilization of Ti containing microparticles on improved steel properties Basic studies on inclusions control and interfacial phenomena
year: 2020

abstract: Multifunctional materials having simultaneous electrical and magnetic assembling have been attempted by numerous researchers for next generation electronic appliances. Among such materials, rare earth metals containing double perovskites, such as La2BB'O6 (B Ni, B' Mn) are the utmost studied materials. In this review, we have summarized various physicochemical aspects of La2NiMnO6 such as crystal structure, electrical, magnetic, and magneto transport behavior from earlier studies under several experimental conditions. Magnetic field and temperature effects on magnetoelectric and electronic behavior of this material are described. We discuss how the morphology in the form of bulk phase, thin layer, and nanoparticles affect such physicochemical properties of this material. We also highlighted the role of cation order disorder at 'B' sites and the probability of the resulting numerous electronic behavior in this type of material and expectation on basic understanding of Ni O Mn electronic, as well as magnetic properties. The prospective applications of this material over conventional substances in solar cells, electric tunable devices, biomolecular and gas sensing technologies are also ascribed. The motivation of the present review is to sum up all such behaviors of La2NiMnO6 to find its possible applications in new areas of material research and the directions of future works. La2NiMnO6 double perovskite exhibits simultaneous electric and magnetic orderings Crystal structure, magneto electric, and transport nature affect the functionality of La2NiMnO6 Bulk phase, thin layer, and nanoparticles morphology affect the physical property of La2NiMnO6 La2NiMnO6 holds solar cell, electric tunable device, biomolecular and gas sensing applications La2NiMnO6 double perovskite exhibits simultaneous electric and magnetic orderings Crystal structure, magneto electric, and transport nature affect the functionality of La2NiMnO6 Bulk phase, thin layer, and nanoparticles morphology affect the physical property of La2NiMnO6 La2NiMnO6 holds solar cell, electric tunable device, biomolecular and gas sensing applications
author_names: Aslam Hossain

A K M Atique Ullah

Partha Sarathi Guin

Sanjay Dhar Roy
title: An overview of La2NiMnO6 double perovskites: synthesis, structure, properties, and applications
venue: Journal of Sol Gel Science and Technology
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract Instrument current and voltage transformers remain the basic apparatuses used in energy measurements in electrical grid. The increasing importance of distributed energy sources necessitates more accurate measurements of consumed as well as generated electrical energy. Both types occur in low voltage network where the main focus is on current transformers (CTs) for electronic type electrical energy meters. These current transformers should fulfil many requirements for precise electrical energy measurements. This paper presents a modern measurement system for various metrological research of CTs offered as 1 and 3 phase current transformers modules (CTMs)
author_names: Wojciech A Pluta

Cezary Swieboda

Jacek Leszczynski

Marian Soinski
title: Some remarks on metrological properties and production technology of current transformers made of nanocrystalline cores
year: 2017

abstract: Blockchain has been said to be one of the technologies for the future, and researchers have argued that this technology is going to disrupt many industries in the coming years, and democratic elections are one of the key areas blockchain is going to transform. Several organizations have begun experimenting on blockchain enabled e voting platforms, such as Democratic Earth, Horizon State and Follow My Vote. This study seeks to conceptualize a blockchain architecture for the storage of election results that provide trust, transparency, and immutability using distributed ledger technology (DLT) One of the main issues with elections in Ghana and other sub Saharan African countries is the inaccurate recording of votes from polling stations, constituencies and at the national office. There are instances where votes recorded at the polling station changes at the constituencies either intentionally or accidentally. The study discussed the basic properties of the blockchain, such as distributed ledger, consensus mechanisms and cryptographic hash function, and how it can be used to address the current challenges in vote recording during elections. The study evaluates current blockchain enabled e voting systems and designs a blockchain based vote recording system that provides immutability, trust, and transparency. The proposed design addresses the issues of vote tempering because transactions added to the block are secure with a cryptographic hash function which makes tempering of the votes stored in the blockchain nearly impossible and make it immutable.
author_names: Samuel Agbesi

George Asante
title: Electronic Voting Recording System Based on Blockchain Technology
venue: 2019 12th CMI Conference on Cybersecurity and Privacy (CMI)
year: 2019

abstract: The research of new p conjugated molecules with specific applications has become one of the most interesting topics in the fields of chemical physics and materials science. Thanks to their specific properties, these compounds have become the most promising materials for the optoelectronic device technology such as solar cells. The use of low band gap materials is a viable method for a better harvesting of the solar spectrum and an improved raise of its efficiency. The control of this parameter of these materials is a research issue of ongoing interest. In this work a quantum chemical investigation has been performed to explore the optical and electronic properties of a series of different compounds based on pyridine (MPEP) Different electron side groups were introduced to investigate their effects on the electronic structure. The theoretical knowledge of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the components is basic in studying organic solar cells so the HOMO, LUMO and energy Egap of the studied compounds have been calculated and reported. These properties suggest these materials as good candidates for organic solar cells.
author_names: T Abram

Rachid Hmamouchi

Tahar Lakhlifi

L Bejjit

M El M Hamidi

Mohammed Bouachrine
title: Organic materials based on MPEP for photovoltaic devices. Correlation structure/electronic properties
year: 2014

abstract: The research in new pi conjugated molecules with specific applications has become one of the most interesting topics in the fields of chemical physics and materials science. Thanks to their specific properties, these compounds have become the most promising materials for the optoelectronic device technology such as solar cells. The use of low band gap materials is a viable method for a better harvesting of the solar spectrum and an improved raise of its efficiency. The control of this parameter of these materials is a research issue of ongoing interest. In this work a quantum chemical investigation has been performed to explore the optical and electronic properties of a series of different compounds based on antracene and pyrazine. Different electron side groups were introduced to investigate their effects on the electronic structure. The theoretical knowledge of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the components is basic in studying organic solar cells so the HOMO, LUMO and energy Egap of the studied compounds have been calculated and reported. These properties suggest these materials as good candidates for organic solar cells.
author_names: Rachid Hmammouchi

Azeddine Adad

Mohammed Bouachrine

Tahar Lakhlifi
title: Organic materials based on pyrazine for photovoltaic devices Correlation structure electronic properties
year: 2013