Search query: ev charging 55 

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abstract: LiMn2O4 is an attractive candidate cathode material for Li ion rechargeable batteries, but it suffers from severe capacity fading, especially at higher temperature (55 degC) during charging/discharging processes. Recently, many attempts have been made to synthesize modified LiMn2O4. In this work, a new study on the synthesis of pure and U4+ doped nano lithium manganese oxide [LiMn2 xUxO4, (x 0:00, 0.01, 0.03) via solid state method was introduced. The synthesized LiMn1:97U0:03O4 was irradiated by g radiation (10 and 30 kGy) The green samples and the resulting spinel products were characterized using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) X ray diffraction (XRD) infrared (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. XRD and SEM studies revealed nano sized particles in all prepared samples. Direct current (DC) electrical conductivity measurements indicated that these samples are semiconductors and the activation energies decrease with increasing rare earth U4+ content and g irradiation. DEa equals to 0.304 eV for LiMn1:99U0:01O4, DEa is 0.282 eV for LiMn1:97U0:03O4 and decreases to DEa 0:262 eV for g irradiated LiMn1:97U0:03O4 nano spinel. The data obtained for the investigated samples increase their attractiveness in modern electronic technology.
author_names: F G Elmetwaly

Morsi M Abou-Sekkina

Fawaz Saad

Abdalla M Khedr
title: Synthesis, effect of g ray and electrical conductivity of uranium doped nano LiMn2O4 spinels for applications as positive electrodes in Li ion rechargeable batteries
year: 2014

abstract: The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) has prodigious plausibility in reducing green house gas (GHG) But EVs acceptance is, however, hindered by several challenges; among them is their avidity for quicker charging at lower price. This article considers a photovoltaic (PV) powered station equipped with an energy storage system (ESS) which is assumed to be capable of assigning variable charging rates to different EVs to fulfill their demands inside their declared deadlines at minimum price. To ensure fairness, a charging rate dependent pricing mechanism is proposed to assure a higher price for enjoying a higher charging rate. The PV generation profile and future load request are forecasted at each time slot, to handle the respective uncertainty. An integer linear programming (ILP) based centralized system is first proposed to minimize the charging price per EV. Due to the larger computational time, we subsequently present two game theoretic algorithms, i.e. game 1 and game 2. In game 1, players are oblivious of upcoming charging requests, whereas in game 2, players consider the future anticipated load to select their charging strategies. The games are shown to converge to a Nash equilibrium. The average unit price of game 2 is shown to be the same as the one of the optimal solution and takes considerably less computation time than the centralized method.
author_names: Mohammad Ekramul Kabir

Chadi M Assi

Mossadek Hossain Kamal Tushar

Jun Yan
title: Optimal Scheduling of EV Charging at a Solar Power Based Charging Station
venue: IEEE Systems Journal
year: 2020

abstract: A Multi Source Electric Vehicle Charging Station (MS EVCS) is a local entity that combines the grid energy with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) with the aim of reducing the grid impact due to electric vehicles (EVs) charging events. The integration of stationary and in vehicle Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) in MS EVCSs has gained increasing interest thanks to the possibility of storing energy at off peak hours to be made available at peak hours. However, the ESS technology and the vehicle to grid (V2G) concept show several issues due to cost, battery life cycle, reliability, and management. The design of the MS EVCS energy management system is of primary importance to guarantee the optimal usage of the available resources and to enhance the system benefits. This study presents a novel energy management strategy for Real Time (RT) control of MS EVCS considering DERs, stationary ESS, and V2G. The proposed energy management control allows defining the MS EVCS control policy solving several cascaded problems with the aim of achieving the minimum operating cost when the battery degradation and the stochastic nature of the sources are considered. The key feature of the proposed methodology is the lower computational effort with respect to traditional optimal control methodologies while achieving the same optimal solution.
author_names: Umberto Abronzini

Ciro Attaianese

Matilde D'Arpino

Mauro Di Monaco

Giuseppe Tomasso
title: Cost Minimization Energy Control Including Battery Aging for Multi Source EV Charging Station
year: 2019

abstract: Additive Increase and Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) control strategy has been studied for quite a long time. It was first introduced in 1989 and has been standardized as the Internet's congestion control algorithm. Its simple structure allows easy implementation and adaptation to the problems where fair and stable allocation of a limited resource among a group of agents/users is needed. From the power engineering perspective, this established method can be utilized for the control of electric vehicle (EV) charging, distributed energy sources (e.g. diesel machines, Photovoltaic panels (PV) and wind turbines) and energy storage units, as well as microgrid management and control. In this paper, we present the AIMD method and lay out a mathematical analysis on its stability and rate of convergence with a specific focus on electric vehicle charging. Later, we discuss necessary modifications needed to make the algorithm operate in a fully decentralized manner while still maintaining fairness. Finally, we demonstrate a case study where the algorithm is tested on EV charging control in the IEEE 37 bus distribution test feeder.
author_names: Emin Ucer

Mithat C Kisacikoglu

Murat Yuksel
title: Analysis of Decentralized AIMD based EV Charging Control
venue: 2019 IEEE Power Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)
year: 2019

abstract: In this research work, we apply the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm with a decentralized blockchain approach to handle the electric vehicle (EV) charging process in shared spaces, such as condominiums. A mobile app handles the user authentication mechanism to initiate the EV charging process, where a set of sensors are used for measuring energy consumption, and based on a microcontroller, establish data communication with the mobile app. A blockchain handles financial transitions, and this approach can be replicated to other EV charging scenarios, such as public charging systems in a city, where the mobile device provides an authentication mechanism. A user interface was developed to visualize transactions, gather users' preferences, and handle power charging limitations due to the usage of a shared infrastructure. The developed approach was tested in a shared space with three EVs using a charging infrastructure for a period of 3.5 months.
author_names: Jose P Martins

Joao C Ferreira

Vitor Monteiro

Jose A Afonso

Joao Luiz Afonso
title: IoT and Blockchain Paradigms for EV Charging System
venue: Energies
year: 2019

abstract: The electrification of transport in Europe is in the early stages of a market transformation that has the potential to significantly cut emissions in both the transportation and energy sectors, while generating wider benefits for society. The research underpinning this study finds that the greatest value from integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid can be generated by charging them when and where it is most beneficial for the power system, while ensuring consumers' mobility needs are met at an affordable cost. An emerging body of research on electric vehicle grid integration focuses on modeling the cost of integration under various scenarios, but few studies look at the existing promising practices that are based on policy tools in use today. The authors of this study conducted a qualitative review of policies for EV grid integration in the EU and U.S. markets. We found that, in order to unlock the environmental and economic opportunities associated with market uptake, three policy strategies are most effective: cost reflective pricing, intelligent technology, and integrated infrastructure planning. The study also explores the implications of these practices for policymakers and regulators in the EU (A short version of this paper was presented at the 32nd Electric Vehicles Symposium in Lyon, France, in May 2019)
title: Smart EV Charging: A Global Review of Promising Practices
year: 2019

abstract: With the expected penetration of Electric Vehicles (EV) along with ambitious initiatives for variable renewable energy development in the Nordics, energy systems will have to adapt to the increased demand and higher share of variable supply. The study investigates EV integration pathways with different degrees of flexibility provided by the charging schemes passive charging (PC) Grid to Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle to Grid (V2G) in the energy system model Balmorel. While PC yields in the largest annualized system cost, V2G can achieve considerable savings. Smart charging schemes reduces electricity price variability considerably compared to PC. Further, investments in additional battery storage systems are delayed using G2V until 2050 whereas PC have significantly larger requirements already decades before. The flexible charging schemes have subsequently positive effects on emission reduction. Allowing the model to use the foresight mode and taking into account future developments earlier reduces the system cost of all scenarios. While V2G still is the cheapest option, it however, is considerably small in the improvements which shows a certain robustness whereas PC gains relatively more by being able to adjusting earlier for the substantial peak demand requirements.
author_names: Philipp Andreas Gunkel

Felipe Junqueira Faust

Klaus Skytte

Claire Bergaentzle
title: The Impact of EV Charging Schemes on the Nordic Energy System
venue: 2019 16th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)
year: 2019

abstract: High voltage lithium ion batteries have become a major research focus. As a major part of lithium batteries, the separator plays a critical role in the development of high voltage lithium batteries. Herein, we demonstrated a sustainable and superior heat resistant alginate nonwoven separator for high voltage (5 V) lithium batteries. It was demonstrated that the resultant alginate nonwoven separator exhibited better mechanical property (37 MPa) superior thermal stability (up to 150 degC) and higher ionic conductivity (1.4 x 10 3 S/cm) as compared to commercially available polyolefin (PP) separator. More impressively, the 5 V class LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)/Li cell with this alginate nonwoven separator delivered much better cycling stability (maintaining 79.6% of its initial discharge capacity) than that (69.3% of PP separator after 200 cycles at an elevated temperature of 55 degC. In addition, the LiFePO4/Li cell assembled with such alginate nonwoven separator could still charge and discharge normally even at an elevated temperature of 150 degC. The above mentioned fascinating characteristics of alginate separator provide great probability for its application for high voltage (5 V) lithium batteries at elevated temperatures.
author_names: Huijie Wen

Jianjun Zhang

Jingchao Chai

Jun Ma

Liping Yue

Tiantian Dong

Xiaoling Zang

Zhihong Liu

Bo-Tao Zhang

Guanglei Cui
title: Sustainable and Superior Heat Resistant Alginate Nonwoven Separator of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li Batteries Operated at 55 degC.
venue: ACS applied materials interfaces
year: 2017

abstract: Abstract In the present study, LiMn2O4 cathode powders were coated with aluminum and gallium using a solution method with two stage surface modification to obtain a Mn based powder with an Al Ga surface modification layer (MAG) It was found that the MAG powders have a higher capacity and excellent cycle characteristics at 55 degC at various current rates, and that the Al Ga coating layer inhibits the precipitation of Mn ions, which increases the stability of the structure. In addition, although low temperatures generally lead to a reduction of conductivity and capacitance, the Al Ga coating layer gives the MAG powders low temperature resistance, with charge discharge characteristics better at 30 degC. The Al Ga surface modification coating layer of LiMn2O4 powder is the LiMn2 x yAlxGayO4 phase, which reduces the negative impact of temperature variation. As a result, the MAG powders can be used for high C rate charging discharging.
author_names: Fei-Yi Hung

Kai Yang
title: Al Ga coating mechanism and discharge charge characteristics of Li Mn O cathode powders at 30 55 degC
year: 2014

abstract: The global popularization of electric vehicles (EVs) poses an opportunity for the construction of micro grid and smart community within energy internet on competent the massive and concentrated energy switching and routing in the local environment. Smart EV charging is a promising solution to manage EV charging load that relies on an accurate prediction of EV charging demands. Evaluation of household EV charging demand is a primary factor for designing smart EV charging solutions on household and neighbourhood level. However, this subject has not been adequately discussed in the research community. In this paper, several widely used machine learning algorithms are adopted to forecast the household day ahead EV charging occurrence time and the "no charge" day respectively. The performance of the algorithms are evaluated and compared. A two layer hybrid stacking ensemble learning method is also proposed, that combines multiple machine learning algorithms. This proposed model is demonstrated to achieve a better classification performance than individual algorithms.
author_names: Songpu Ai

Antorweep Chakravorty

Chunming Rong
title: Household EV Charging Demand Prediction Using Machine and Ensemble Learning
venue: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Energy Internet (ICEI)
year: 2018