Search query: perovskites solar cells

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abstract: Perovskite Photovoltaics For many types of low cost solar cells, including those using dye sensitized titania, performance is limited by low open circuit voltages. Lee et al. (p. 643, published online 4 October; see the Perspective by Norris and Aydil) have developed a solid state cell in which structured films of titania or alumina nanoparticles are solution coated with a lead halide perovskite layer that acts as the absorber and n type photoactive layer. These particles are coated with a spirobifluorene organic hole conductor in a solar cell with transparent oxide and metal contacts. For the alumina particles, power conversion efficiencies of up to 10.9% were obtained. Mesostructured alumina acts as an insulating scaffold for the assembly of very thin films of n and p type semiconductors. The energy costs associated with separating tightly bound excitons (photoinduced electron hole pairs) and extracting free charges from highly disordered low mobility networks represent fundamental losses for many low cost photovoltaic technologies. We report a low cost, solution processable solar cell, based on a highly crystalline perovskite absorber with intense visible to near infrared absorptivity, that has a power conversion efficiency of 10.9% in a single junction device under simulated full sunlight. This "meso superstructured solar cell" exhibits exceptionally few fundamental energy losses; it can generate open circuit photovoltages of more than 1.1 volts, despite the relatively narrow absorber band gap of 1.55 electron volts. The functionality arises from the use of mesoporous alumina as an inert scaffold that structures the absorber and forces electrons to reside in and be transported through the perovskite.
author_names: Michael M Lee

Joel Teuscher

Tsutomu Miyasaka

Takurou N Murakami

Henry J Snaith
title: Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites
venue: Science
year: 2012

abstract: Following pioneering work, solution processable organic inorganic hybrid perovskites such as CH3NH3PbX3 (X Cl, Br, I) have attracted attention as light harvesting materials for mesoscopic solar cells. So far, the perovskite pigment has been deposited in a single step onto mesoporous metal oxide films using a mixture of PbX2 and CH3NH3X in a common solvent. However, the uncontrolled precipitation of the perovskite produces large morphological variations, resulting in a wide spread of photovoltaic performance in the resulting devices, which hampers the prospects for practical applications. Here we describe a sequential deposition method for the formation of the perovskite pigment within the porous metal oxide film. PbI2 is first introduced from solution into a nanoporous titanium dioxide film and subsequently transformed into the perovskite by exposing it to a solution of CH3NH3I. We find that the conversion occurs within the nanoporous host as soon as the two components come into contact, permitting much better control over the perovskite morphology than is possible with the previously employed route. Using this technique for the fabrication of solid state mesoscopic solar cells greatly increases the reproducibility of their performance and allows us to achieve a power conversion efficiency of approximately 15 per cent (measured under standard AM1.5G test conditions on solar zenith angle, solar light intensity and cell temperature) This two step method should provide new opportunities for the fabrication of solution processed photovoltaic cells with unprecedented power conversion efficiencies and high stability equal to or even greater than those of today's best thin film photovoltaic devices.
author_names: Julian Burschka

Norman Pellet

Soo-Jin Moon

Robin A Humphry-Baker

Peng Gao

Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin

Michael Gratzel
title: Sequential deposition as a route to high performance perovskite sensitized solar cells
venue: Nature
year: 2013

abstract: Many different photovoltaic technologies are being developed for large scale solar energy conversion. The wafer based first generation photovoltaic devices have been followed by thin film solid semiconductor absorber layers sandwiched between two charge selective contacts and nanostructured (or mesostructured) solar cells that rely on a distributed heterojunction to generate charge and to transport positive and negative charges in spatially separated phases. Although many materials have been used in nanostructured devices, the goal of attaining high efficiency thin film solar cells in such a way has yet to be achieved. Organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged as a promising material for high efficiency nanostructured devices. Here we show that nanostructuring is not necessary to achieve high efficiencies with this material: a simple planar heterojunction solar cell incorporating vapour deposited perovskite as the absorbing layer can have solar to electrical power conversion efficiencies of over 15 per cent (as measured under simulated full sunlight) This demonstrates that perovskite absorbers can function at the highest efficiencies in simplified device architectures, without the need for complex nanostructures.
author_names: Mingzhen Liu

Michael B Johnston

Henry J Snaith
title: Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition
venue: Nature
year: 2013

abstract: Efficient all perovskite tandem cells Organic inorganic perovskite films can boost the output of conventional silicon solar cells in tandem geometries by utilizing more of the light at the blue end of the solar spectrum. Tandem cells that use only perovskite films have been less successful because of the lack of a suitable material with a low bandgap that can replace silicon. Tong et al. report that a mixed tin lead organic inorganic material containing a small fraction of guanidinium thiocyanate has a low bandgap, long charge carrier lifetime, and efficiencies around 25% Science, this issue p. 475 The addition of guanidinium thiocyanate improves the performance of mixed tin lead perovskite solar cells. All perovskite based polycrystalline thin film tandem solar cells have the potential to deliver efficiencies of >30% However, the performance of all perovskite based tandem devices has been limited by the lack of high efficiency, low band gap tin lead (Sn Pb) mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) We found that the addition of guanidinium thiocyanate (GuaSCN) resulted in marked improvements in the structural and optoelectronic properties of Sn Pb mixed, low band gap ~1.25 electron volt) perovskite films. The films have defect densities that are lower by a factor of 10, leading to carrier lifetimes of greater than 1 microsecond and diffusion lengths of 2.5 micrometers. These improved properties enable our demonstration of >20% efficient low band gap PSCs. When combined with wider band gap PSCs, we achieve 25% efficient four terminal and 23.1% efficient two terminal all perovskite based polycrystalline thin film tandem solar cells.
author_names: Jinhui Tong

Zhaoning Song

Dong Hoe Kim

Xihan Chen

Cong Chen

Axel F Palmstrom

Paul F Ndione

Matthew O Reese

Sean P Dunfield

Obadiah G Reid

Jun-ming Liu

Fei Zhang

Steven P Harvey

Zhen Li

Steven T Christensen

Glenn Teeter

Dewei Zhao

Mowafak M Al-Jassim

Maikel F A M van Hest

Matthew C Beard

Sean E Shaheen

Joseph J Berry

Yanfa Yan

Kai Zhu
title: Carrier lifetimes of >1 ms in Sn Pb perovskites enable efficient all perovskite tandem solar cells
venue: Science
year: 2019

abstract: All inorganic perovskites are considered to be one of the most appealing research hotspots in the field of perovskite photovoltaics in the past 3 years due to their superior thermal stability compared to their organic inorganic hybrid counterparts. The power conversion efficiency has reached 17.06% and the number of important publications is ever increasing. Here, the progress of inorganic perovskites is systematically highlighted, covering materials design, preparation of high quality perovskite films, and avoidance of phase instabilities. Inorganic perovskites, nanocrystals, quantum dots, and lead free compounds are discussed and the corresponding device performances are reviewed, which have been realized on both rigid and flexible substrates. Methods for stabilization of the cubic phase of low bandgap inorganic perovskites are emphasized, which is a prerequisite for highly efficient and stable solar cells. In addition, energy loss mechanisms both in the bulk of the perovskite and at the interfaces of perovskite and charge selective layers are unraveled. Reported approaches to reduce these charge carrier recombination losses are summarized and complemented by methods proposed from our side. Finally, the potential of inorganic perovskites as stable absorbers is assessed, which opens up new perspectives toward the commercialization of inorganic perovskite solar cells.
author_names: Wanchun Xiang

Wolfgang R Tress
title: Review on Recent Progress of All Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells.
venue: Advanced materials
year: 2019

abstract: Perovskites with bandgaps between 1.7 and 1.8 eV are optimal for tandem configurations with crystalline silicon (c Si) because they facilitate efficient harvest of solar energy. In that respect, achieving a high open circuit voltage (VOC) in such wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is crucial for a high overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) Here, we provide key insights into the factors affecting the VOC in wide bandgap perovskite solar cells. We show that the influence of the hole transport layer (HTL) on VOC is not simply through its ionization potential but mainly through the quality of the perovskite HTL interface. With effective interface passivation, we demonstrate perovskite solar cells with a bandgap of 1.72 eV that exhibit a VOC of 1.22 V. Furthermore, by combining the high VOC perovskite solar cell with a c Si solar cell, we demonstrate a perovskite Si four terminal tandem solar cell with a PCE of 27.1% exceeding the record PCE of single junction Si solar cells.
author_names: Manoj Jaysankar

Benedito A L Raul

Joao P Bastos

Claire H Burgess

Christ H L Weijtens

Mariadriana Creatore

Tom Aernouts

Yinghuan Kuang

Robert Gehlhaar

Afshin Hadipour

Jef Poortmans
title: Minimizing voltage loss in wide bandgap perovskites for tandem solar cells
year: 2019

abstract: Two dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have recently emerged as a more stable and more versatile family of materials than three dimensional (3D) perovskite solar cell absorbers. Although solar cells made with 2D perovskites have yet to improve their power conversion efficiencies to compete with 3D perovskite solar cells, their immense diversity offers great opportunities and avenues for research that will likely close the gap between these two. Further, 2D perovskites can have various roles within a solar cell, either as the primary light absorber, as a capping layer, passivating layer, or within a mixed 2D/3D perovskite solar cell absorber. In this Minireview, we will review the history of 2D perovskites in solar cells, the relevant properties of such materials, the different roles that they can play in a solar cell, as well as current trends and challenges.
author_names: Carmen Ortiz-Cervantes

Paulina Carmona-Monroy

Diego Solis-Ibarra
title: Two Dimensional Halide Perovskites in Solar Cells: 2D or not 2D?
venue: ChemSusChem
year: 2019

abstract: Researchers developed a perovskite solar cell with high power conversion efficiency >20% and intense electroluminescence yield (0.5% We report on a new metal halide perovskite photovoltaic cell that exhibits both very high solar to electric power conversion efficiency and intense electroluminescence. We produce the perovskite films in a single step from a solution containing a mixture of FAI, PbI2, MABr, and PbBr2 (where FA stands for formamidinium cations and MA stands for methylammonium cations) Using mesoporous TiO2 and Spiro OMeTAD as electron and hole specific contacts, respectively, we fabricate perovskite solar cells that achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.8% for a PbI2/FAI molar ratio of 1.05 in the precursor solution. Rietveld analysis of x ray diffraction data reveals that the excess PbI2 content incorporated into such a film is about 3 weight percent. Time resolved photoluminescence decay measurements show that the small excess of PbI2 suppresses nonradiative charge carrier recombination. This in turn augments the external electroluminescence quantum efficiency to values of about 0.5% a record for perovskite photovoltaics approaching that of the best silicon solar cells. Correspondingly, the open circuit photovoltage reaches 1.18 V under AM 1.5 sunlight.
author_names: Dongqin Bi

Wolfgang R Tress

M Ibrahim Dar

Peng Gao

Jingshan Luo

Clementine Renevier

Kurt Schenk

Antonio Abate

Fabrizio Giordano

Juan Pablo Correa Baena

Jean-David Decoppet

Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin

Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin

Michael Gratzel

Anders Hagfeldt
title: Efficient luminescent solar cells based on tailored mixed cation perovskites
venue: Science Advances
year: 2016

abstract: Owing to inevitable thermal/moisture instability for organic inorganic hybrid perovskites, pure inorganic perovskite cesium lead halides with both inherent stability and prominent photovoltaic performance have become research hotspots as a promising candidate for commercial perovskite solar cells. However, it is still a serious challenge to synthesize desired cubic cesium lead iodides (CsPbI3) with superior photovoltaic performance for its thermodynamically metastable characteristics. Herein, polymer poly vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) induced surface passivation engineering is reported to synthesize extra long term stable cubic CsPbI3. It is revealed that acylamino groups of PVP induce electron cloud density enhancement on the surface of CsPbI3, thus lowering surface energy, conducive to stabilize cubic CsPbI3 even in micrometer scale. The cubic CsPbI3 PSCs exhibit extra long carrier diffusion length (over 1.5 mm) highest power conversion efficiency of 10.74% and excellent thermal/moisture stability. This result provides important progress towards understanding of phase stability in realization of large scale preparations of efficient and stable inorganic PSCs.Inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskite is inherently more stable than the hybrid perovskites but it undergoes phase transition that degrades the solar cell performance. Here Li et al. stabilize it with poly vinylpyrrolidone and obtain high efficiency of 10.74% with excellent thermal and moisture stability.
author_names: Bo Li

Yanan Zhang

Lin Fu

T F Yu

Shujie Zhou

Luyuan Zhang

Longwei Yin
title: Surface passivation engineering strategy to fully inorganic cubic CsPbI3 perovskites for high performance solar cells
venue: Nature Communications
year: 2018

abstract: Cesium based trihalide perovskites have been demonstrated as promising light absorbers for photovoltaic applications due to their superb composition stability. However, the large energy losses (Eloss observed in inorganic perovskite solar cells has become a major hindrance impairing the ultimate efficiency. Here, an effective and reproducible method of modifying the interface between a CsPbI2 Br absorber and polythiophene hole acceptor to minimize the Eloss is reported. It is demonstrated that polythiophene, deposited on the top of CsPbI2 Br, can significantly reduce electron hole recombination within the perovskite, which is due to the electronic passivation of surface defect states. In addition, the interfacial properties are improved by a simple annealing process, leading to significantly reduced energy disorder in polythiophene and enhanced hole injection into the hole acceptor. Consequently, one of the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.02% from a reverse scan in inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells is obtained. Modifying the perovskite films with annealing polythiophene enables an open circuit voltage (VOC of up to 1.32 V and Eloss of down to 0.5 eV, which both are the optimal values reported among cesium lead mixed halide perovskite solar cells to date. This method provides a new route to further improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells by minimizing the Eloss
author_names: Qingsen Zeng

Xiaoyu Zhang

Xiaolei Feng

Siyu Lu

Zhaolai Chen

Xue Yong

Simon A T Redfern

Haotong Wei

Haiyu Wang

Huaizhong Shen

Wei Zhang

Weitao Zheng

Hao Zhang

John S Tse

Bai Yang
title: Polymer Passivated Inorganic Cesium Lead Mixed Halide Perovskites for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells with High Open Circuit Voltage over 1.3 V.
venue: Advanced materials
year: 2018