Search query: ambient pressure lithium ion batteries

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abstract: Lithium rich phosphides have recently attracted considerable attention due to their potential application as high capacity and high rate anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) However, there is still short of the promising candidate thus far because of the poor electrical conductivity or huge volume change in the already known Li P compounds. In this work, we report two novel Li P states, Li5P2 and Li4P, stabilized under high pressures that are predicted to be quenchable down to ambient conditions by first principles swarm structure calculations. The predicted P3m1 Li5P2 shows interesting features as a p type semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 0.787 eV, possessing significant anisotropy properties in electrical transport, while R3[combining macron]m Li4P acts as a typical electride with metallic behavior at pressures of 0 82 GPa. More importantly, our calculations reveal that the theoretical capacities of Li5P2 and Li4P are predicted to reach 2164 and 3462 mA h g 1, respectively. Combined with the good electrical transport properties, the calculated volume expansion of Li5P2 (130% is found to be much smaller than those of the previously reported Li P compounds, indicating its potential as a high performance anode material for LIBs.
author_names: Ge Fei

Shuai Duan

Mingxing Zhang

Zebin Ren

Yangfan Cui

Xin-Yu Chen

Yunxian Liu

Wencai Yi

Xiaobing Liu
title: Predicted stable Li5P2 and Li4P at ambient pressure: novel high performance anodes for lithium ion batteries.
venue: Physical chemistry chemical physics PCCP
year: 2020

abstract: Metallic lithium, which is a negative electrode for Li ion batteries with one of the highest specific capacities and lowest voltage, has not reached yet the commercial stage in rechargeable batteries because of safety issues related to instabilities arising on the Li surface during electrochemical cycling [1] When metallic lithium is in contact with the battery electrolyte, a surface layer called SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) is formed owing to the electrochemical instability of the electrolyte at low voltages. In a conventional Li ion battery with graphite based anode, the SEI layer is a passivation interface that will help to stabilize the battery in exchange of some irreversible capacity loss. However, when considering Li metal anodes, although some interesting approaches with special salts have been reported [2] the conventional SEI is unable to maintain a uniform plating and stripping of Li during battery operation [3] In order to find a suitable solution for the stabilization of the lithium surface, it is essential to have a full understanding of the nature and characteristics of its high reactivity. For this purpose, one of the preliminary steps is to analyze the effects that atmospheric gases present in the dry room environment where Li ion batteries are processed, have on the surface of Li metal. Ambient Pressure X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS) is an ideal tool to explore this phenomenon. Our recent studies done in the APXPS from beamline 9.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (California, United States) provide key insight in the reaction mechanism behind the formation of lithium carbonate, one of the main components of conventional SEI layers, when this metal is exposed to CO2 gas, as can be seen in Figure 1.
author_names: Ane Etxebarria

Monika Blum

Pinar Aydogan Gokturk

Dong-Jin Yun

Ethan J Crumlin

Miguel A Munoz-Marquez
title: Study of the reaction mechanisms of dry room gases on metallic lithium anodes for Li ion batteries using in situ ambient pressure X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
year: 2019

author_names: Mingyi Chen

Jiahao Liu

Dongxu Ouyang

Jui-ying Wang
title: Experimental investigation on the effect of ambient pressure on thermal runaway and fire behaviors of lithium ion batteries
venue: International Journal of Energy Research
year: 2019

author_names: Julia Maibach
title: Lithium ion batteries studied with ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract The fire and explosion risks of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) pose serious threat to the transport and application of LIBs on the aircraft. Therefore, the study of corresponding thermal safety problems in flight condition is of great importance. In this work, a dynamic pressure chamber is used to study the effect of cycling aging and ambient pressure on the thermal safety features of LIBs. The results show that both the thermal runaway onset time and temperature decrease with the increase of cycle number or decrease of external pressure. The interval time between gas release and ignition decreases with the increase of cycle number, while the burning time increases with the decrease of pressure. Moreover, the thermal runaway temperature and heat release rate decrease with the increase of cycle number or decrease of pressure. The dV/dQ and X ray computed tomography results show that the loss and structural damage of cathode materials, and the side reactions are the main factors for the decrease of battery safety. The easier occurrence of thermal runaway in low pressure is attributed to the larger differential pressure which facilitates the opening of burst disk and the entry of air.
author_names: Lixiang Ren

Xiaoyong Yang

Xiantao Chen

Yuanhua He
title: Influence of cycling aging and ambient pressure on the thermal safety features of lithium ion battery
year: 2020

abstract: When lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are located at high altitude and low pressure,the characteristics of thermal runaway (TR) and its propagation are different,such as time to TR, the toxicity of TR gases, TR propagation time, mass loss rate, etc. In this article, the author summarized a series of relevant literatures and proposed an instrument that can be used to analyse the TR behavior at different pressure. It is found that: with the decrease of ambient pressure, the TR trigger time becomes longer and the maximum surface temperature decrease. Moreover, the gas released by TR becomes more toxic as the environmental pressure decreases. Beside, the average propagation time between adjacent LIBs is not much difference when the environmental pressure decreases, and when the 18,650 battery module is distributed in a cylindrical shape, the thermal runaway propagation path is basically unchanged as the environmental pressure decreases. This work details TR and its propagation feature under different pressure, and can provide the guidelines for the Air transportation of LIBs.
author_names: Huai-bin Wang

Zhiming Du

Ling Liu

Ze-lin Zhang

Jinyuan Hao

Qinzheng Wang

Shuang Wang
title: Study on the Thermal Runaway and Its Propagation of Lithium Ion Batteries Under Low Pressure
year: 2020

abstract: DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201900454 Today's lithium ion batteries (LIBs) can offer high energy density (260 Wh kg 1 and 700 Wh L 1 at cell level) and high Coulombic efficiency (99.98% and long cycling life >1000 cycles) making them the dominating power sources for portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs)[1,2] Due to With the rapid growth of the lithium ion battery (LIBs) market, recycling and re use of end of life LIBs to reclaim lithium (Li) and transition metal (TM) resources (e.g. Co, Ni) as well as eliminating pollution from disposal of waste batteries, has become an urgent task. Here, for the first time the ambient pressure relithiation of degraded LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathodes via eutectic Li+ molten salt solutions is successfully demonstrated. Combining such a low temperature relithiation process with a well designed thermal annealing step, NCM523 cathode particles with significant Li loss (40% and capacity degradation (50% can be successfully regenerated to achieve their original composition and crystal structures, leading to effective recovery of their capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability to the levels of the pristine materials. Advanced characterization tools including atomic resolution electron microscopy imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy are combined to demonstrate that NCM523's original layered crystal structure is recovered. For the first time, it is shown that layer to rock salt phase change on the surfaces and subsurfaces of the cathode materials can be reversed if lithium can be incorporated back to the material. The result suggests the great promise of using eutectic Li+ molten salt solutions for ambient pressure relithiation to recycle and remanufacture degraded LIB cathode materials.
author_names: Yang Shi

Minghao Zhang

Ying Shirley Meng

Zheng Chen
title: Ambient Pressure Relithiation of Degraded Li x Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (0 x 1) via Eutectic Solutions for Direct Regeneration of Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes
venue: Advanced Energy Materials
year: 2019

abstract: Black phosphorus, the result of white P under high pressure, has received much attention as a promising anode material for Li ion batteries (LIBs) However, the final product of lithiation, P63/mmc Li3P, is not satisfactory due to its poor conductivity. In this article we explore the high pressure phase diagram of the Li P system through first principles swarm intelligence structural search and present two hitherto unknown stable Li rich compounds, Fm 3m Li3P at 4.2 GPa and P6/mmm Li5P at 10.3 GPa. Metallic Li5P exhibits interesting structural features, including graphene like Li layers and P centered octadecahedrons, where P is 14 fold coordinated with Li. Interestingly, both compounds exhibit good dynamical and thermal stability properties at ambient pressure, and the theoretical capacity of P6/mmm Li5P reaches 4326 mAhg 1, the highest among the already known Li P compounds. Additionally, their mechanical properties are also favorable for electrode materials. Our work represents a significant step towar.
author_names: Ziyuan Zhao

Lulu Liu

Tong Yu

Guochun Yang

Aitor Bergara
title: Pressure Induced Stable Li5P for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries
year: 2017

abstract: A carbon nanotubes/graphene composite is grown on nickel foil without additional catalysts by one step ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Next, the carbon nanotubes/graphene composite is modified by radio frequency (RF) nitrogen plasma. Finally, to improve its initial coulombic efficiency/electrochemical stability, lower potential during the charge process (coin cell) and boost potential during the discharge process (lithium ion battery) alumina is deposited onto the N doped carbon nanotubes/graphene composite by RF magnetron sputtering at different power levels and periods of time. The charge specific capacity (597 mAh/g) and initial coulombic efficiency (81.44% 75.02% for N doped carbon nanotubes/graphene) of Al2O3/N doped CNTs/graphene for the coin cell reached a maximum at the best sputtering condition and Al2O3/N doped CNTs/graphene (the best sputtering condition) exhibits higher initial coulombic efficiency (79.8% compared with N doped CNTs/graphene (initial coulombic efficiency: 74.3% for the lithium ion battery. Furthermore, the achievement fraction (about 70% of full charge capacity (coin cell) for Al2O3/N doped carbon nanotubes/graphene (the best sputtering condition) is higher than that (about 30% for N doped carbon nanotubes/graphene at a voltage lower than about 0.25 V. Moreover, it also shows a little higher electrochemical stability (coin cell) of charge capacity for Al2O3/N doped carbon nanotubes/graphene (the best sputtering condition) in comparison with N doped carbon nanotubes/graphene and Al2O3/N doped CNTs/graphene (the best sputtering condition) exhibits better cyclic stability (lithium ion battery) of discharge capacity compared with N doped CNTs/graphene.
author_names: Chuen-Chang Lin

Shu-Pei Hsu

Guang-Jhong Chen
title: Effects of Alumina Films on N Doped Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Composites as Anode Materials of Lithium Ion Batteries
year: 2020

abstract: Three groups of 18 65 cylindrical lithium ion cells with different positive active materials (NCA nickel cobalt aluminium, NMC nickel manganese cobalt, LFP lithium iron phosphate) and electrode designs (high power, high energy) were tested using an accelerated low earth orbit (LEO) CubeSat power profile cycle. Each design yields a unique energy density, power capability and cycle life. Each cell type was tested in a 3P group configuration at 10 degC under hard vacuum ~0.2 kPa) and atmospheric pressure ~101 kPa) Cells groups were operated in their respective ambient condition until they failed to successfully execute the accelerated LEO cycle. In atmospheric and vacuum pressure, both NMC groups failed due to internal resistance growth. The atmospheric pressure NCA group failed due to excessive internal gas build up causing the CID (current interrupt device) The NCA group in vacuum pressure has completed approximately 2,680 orbits or 505 equivalent 100% DSoC cycles and is still operational showing 25% capacity degradation from its initial capacity. The LFP groups both in vacuum and atmospheric pressure have completed approximately 2,680 orbits or 1,730 equivalent 100% DSoC cycles and are still operational with both showing 13% capacity degradation from their initial capacity.
author_names: Riley Cook

Lukas Swan
title: Experimental Analysis of Lithium Ion Batteries for Low Earth Orbit CubeSat Applications
year: 2020