Search query: Optical radiation detection

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abstract: Abstract Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as a frontrunner semiconductor technology for application in third generation photovoltaics while simultaneously making significant strides in other areas of optoelectronics. Photodetectors are one of the latest additions in an expanding list of applications of this fascinating family of materials. The extensive range of possible inorganic and hybrid perovskites coupled with their processing versatility and ability to convert external stimuli into easily measurable optical/electrical signals makes them an auspicious sensing element even for the high energy domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. Key to this is the ability of MHPs to accommodate heavy elements while being able to form large, high quality crystals and polycrystalline layers, making them one of the most promising emerging X ray and g ray detector technologies. Here, the fundamental principles of high energy radiation detection are reviewed with emphasis on recent progress in the emerging and fascinating field of metal halide perovskite based X ray and g ray detectors. The review starts with a discussion of the basic principles of high energy radiation detection with focus on key performance metrics followed by a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the field of perovskite based detectors. The article concludes with a discussion of the remaining challenges and future perspectives.
author_names: George Kakavelakis

Murali Gedda

A Panagiotopoulos

Emmanuel Kymakis

Thomas D Anthopoulos

Konstantinos Petridis
title: Metal Halide Perovskites for High Energy Radiation Detection
venue: Advanced science
year: 2020

abstract: Purpose: Cancer treatment is limited by inaccurate predictors of patient specific therapeutic response. Therefore, some patients are exposed to unnecessary side effects and delays in starting effective therapy. A clinical tool that predicts treatment sensitivity for individual patients is needed. Experimental Design: Patient derived cancer organoids were derived across multiple histologies. The histologic characteristics, mutation profile, clonal structure, and response to chemotherapy and radiation were assessed using bright field and optical metabolic imaging on spheroid and single cell levels, respectively. Results: We demonstrate that patient derived cancer organoids represent the cancers from which they were derived, including key histologic and molecular features. These cultures were generated from numerous cancers, various biopsy sample types, and in different clinical settings. Next generation sequencing reveals the presence of subclonal populations within the organoid cultures. These cultures allow for the detection of clonal heterogeneity with a greater sensitivity than bulk tumor sequencing. Optical metabolic imaging of these organoids provides cell level quantification of treatment response and tumor heterogeneity allowing for resolution of therapeutic differences between patient samples. Using this technology, we prospectively predict treatment response for a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer. Conclusions: These studies add to the literature demonstrating feasibility to grow clinical patient derived organotypic cultures for treatment effectiveness testing. Together, these culture methods and response assessment techniques hold great promise to predict treatment sensitivity for patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation.
author_names: Cheri A Pasch

Peter Favreau

Alexander E Yueh

Christopher P Babiarz

Amani A Gillette

Joe T Sharick

Mohammad Rezaul Karim

Kwangok P Nickel

Alyssa DeZeeuw

Carley M Sprackling

Philip B Emmerich

Rebecca A DeStefanis

Rosabella T Pitera

Susan N Payne

Demetra P Korkos

Linda J Clipson

Christine M Walsh

Devon D Miller

Evie H Carchman

Mark E Burkard

Kayla K Lemmon

Kristina A Matkowskyj

Michael A Newton

Irene M Ong

Michael F Bassetti

Randall J Kimple

Melissa C Skala

Dustin Deming
title: Patient Derived Cancer Organoid Cultures to Predict Sensitivity to Chemotherapy and Radiation
venue: Clinical Cancer Research
year: 2019

abstract: The differences and similarities between the detection processes involved in the microwave and visible electromagnetic (EM) waves are presented for the case of two beam superposition. A microwave receiver measures the motion of conduction electrons which responds linearly to the superposed time dependent EM field amplitudes. A visible light detector also responds to the superposition of the EM field amplitudes due to interactions with the detecting dipoles. However, the visible light detector measures the quantum of energy absorbed and responds to the square modulus of the superposition of the time dependent amplitudes of the EM fields. The measured current in the microwave detector is directly proportional to the superposed microwave amplitudes. The measured energy in visible light detector is directly proportional to the square modulus of the superposed visible light amplitudes. We will highlight the similarities and differences in the detection processes. These important similarities and difference are not underscored in most optics textbooks.
author_names: Negussie Tirfessa

Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri
title: Similarities and differences in microwave and optical radiation detection
venue: Fifteenth Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics: ETOP 2019
year: 2019

abstract: Information on the spectral shape of prompt emission in gamma ray bursts (GRB) is mostly available only at energies 10 keV, where the main instruments for GRB detection are sensitive. The origin of this emission is still very uncertain because of the apparent inconsistency with synchrotron radiation, which is the most obvious candidate, and the resulting need for considering less straightforward scenarios. The inclusion of data down to soft X rays ~0.5 keV) which are available only in a small fraction of GRBs, has firmly established the common presence of a spectral break in the low energy part of prompt spectra, and even more importantly, the consistency of the overall spectral shape with synchrotron radiation in the moderately fast cooling regime, the low energy break being identified with the cooling frequency. In this work we further extend the range of investigation down to the optical band. In particular, we test the synchrotron interpretation by directly fitting a theoretically derived synchrotron spectrum and making use of optical to gamma ray data. Secondly, we test an alternative model that considers the presence of a black body component at ~keV energies, in addition to a non thermal component that is responsible for the emission at the spectral peak (100 keV 1 MeV) We find that synchrotron radiation provides a good description of the broadband data, while models composed of a thermal and a non thermal component require the introduction of a low energy break in the non thermal component in order to be consistent with optical observations. Motivated by the good quality of the synchrotron fits, we explore the physical parameter space of the emitting region. In a basic prompt emission scenario we find quite contrived solutions for the magnetic field strength (5 G B' 40 G) and for the location of the region where the radiation is produced (Rg 1016 cm) We discuss which assumptions of the basic model would need to be relaxed in order to achieve a more natural parameter space.
author_names: Gor Oganesyan

Lara Nava

Giancarlo Ghirlanda

A Melandri

Annalisa Celotti
title: Prompt optical emission as a signature of synchrotron radiation in gamma ray bursts
venue: Astronomy Astrophysics
year: 2019

abstract: We study parametric down conversion (PDC) of optical laser radiation in the strongly frequency non degenerate regime which is promising for the generation of quantum correlated pairs of extremely different spectral ranges, the optical and the terahertz (THz) ones. The possibility to detect tenuous THz frequency photon fluxes generated under low gain spontaneous PDC is demonstrated using a hot electron bolometer. Then experimental dependences of the THz radiation power on the detection angle and on the pump intensity are analyzed.
author_names: Galiya Kh Kitaeva

Vladimir V Kornienko

Kirill A Kuznetsov

Ivan V Pentin

Konstantin Smirnov

Yu B Vakhtomin
title: Direct detection of the idler THz radiation generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion.
venue: Optics letters
year: 2019

abstract: Passive infrared (PIR) sensors are the most popular deployed sensors in buildings for individual presence detection. However, PIR sensors are motion detectors in nature, responding only to incident radiation variation, which leads to false negative detections, inaccurate occupancy estimation, and uncomfortable lighting swings and waste of energy. To address this issue, an optical shutter driven by a Lavet motor PIR (LAMPIR) sensor is developed for true presence detection. In comparison with our previously developed chopped PIR (C PIR) and rotationally chopped PIR (Ro PIR) sensors, a low power single phase electro mechanical driving approach is introduced for LAMPIR to replace traditional servo and stepper motors and thus significantly reduce the power consumption by up to 89% size by up to 60% weight by up to 75% cost by up to 31% and acoustic noise by 12 dBA. More specifically, driven by pulsed signal from a microcontroller unit, the electro mechanical vibrator drives a semi transparent long wave infrared optical shutter to chop the field of view (FOV) of a PIR sensor periodically. By monitoring and analyzing the voltage outputs generated by the LAMPIR senor, high accuracy presence detection can be achieved by optimizing the shutter width and shuttering period through parametric studies. Experimental results show that a classification accuracy of 100% can be reached for detecting stationary occupants up to 4.5 m and moving occupants up to 10 m, suggesting a detection range improvement from both the C PIR and the Ro PIR sensors (4.0 m for stationary and 8.0 m for moving occupancy detection for both sensors) Additionally, the LAMPIR sensor has an FOV of 90deg in horizontal and 100deg in vertical, which is sufficient for most applications. For a 31 h long presence detection test, an accuracy of 97% is achieved when classifying unoccupied and occupied scenarios, while an accuracy of 93% is achieved when classifying unoccupied, stationary and moving occupant scenarios.
author_names: Libo Wu

Ya Wang
title: A Low Power Electric Mechanical Driving Approach for True Occupancy Detection Using a Shuttered Passive Infrared Sensor
venue: IEEE Sensors Journal
year: 2019

abstract: The halide perovskitoid compound Cs3Bi2I9 (CBI) has attracted considerable interest as a semiconductor because of its outstanding stability and reduced toxicity compared with lead based halide perovskites. Here, we report the growth of nuclear radiation detection grade CBI bulk crystals (Ph 15 x 60 mm3) with a high resistivity of over 1010 O cm using a modified vertical Bridgman method. Because of their layered crystal structures we investigated the anisotropy in the optical and electrical properties using different crystal orientations. The CBI(001) sample exhibits a resistivity of ~1012 O cm compared to ~1010 O cm for the CBI(100) sample. This is due to the anisotropic mobility in the two crystallographic directions. Using 425 nm LED ~200 mW cm 2) illumination CBI(001) possesses a superior optical response with a switching ratio of over 40, which is critically higher than that of CBI(100) <2) Detectors of 2 mm thickness show a capability of detecting 241Am@5.49 MeV a particles, with good peak discrimination. A full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 32% was obtained under a bias of 560 V. Simultaneously, the electron mobility and mobility lifetime (mt) were calculated to be 6.10 cm2 V 1 s 1 and 2.03 x 10 5 cm V 1, respectively. First principles density functional theory calculations confirm the crystallographic anisotropy of the carrier effective masses. In addition, a significant X ray sensitivity of 111.9 mC Gy 1 cm 2 for a CBI detector was observed, under 80 kVp X rays at an electrical field of 450 V cm 1.
author_names: Qihao Sun

Yadong Xu

Hongjian Zhang

Bao Xiao

Xin Liu

Jiangpeng Dong

Binbin Zhang

Wanqi Jie

Mercouri G Kanatzidis
title: Optical and electronic anisotropies in perovskitoid crystals of Cs3Bi2I9 studies of nuclear radiation detection
year: 2018

abstract: Photoconductive antennas are commonly used for terahertz wave generation and detection. However, their relatively low radiation power and detection sensitivity often place limitations on the signal to noise ratio and operation bandwidth of terahertz imaging and spectroscopy systems. Several different techniques are attempted to address these limitations. The most promising ones take advantage of the unique tools provided by nanotechnology. In this review, the recent nanotechnology enabled advances in photoconductive antennas, which use nanostructures, such as optical nanoantennas, plasmonic structures, and optical nanocavities, to increase the interaction of the optical pump beam with the photoconductive semiconductor, are discussed. All of these techniques are experimentally demonstrated to be efficient tools for enhancing the performance of photoconductive antennas for terahertz wave generation and detection.
author_names: Nezih Tolga Yardimci

Mona Jarrahi
title: Nanostructure Enhanced Photoconductive Terahertz Emission and Detection.
venue: Small
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract Highly flexible Fe2O3/TiO2 composite nanofibers were successfully synthesized via electrospinning followed by high temperature calcination. The morphologies and structures of Fe2O3/TiO2 nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) X ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet visible (UV Vis) spectroscopy, and their optical properties, photocatalysis and photodetection properties were also measured. The flexible nanofibers possess large specific surface area, and can be recycled by a magnet. Moreover, the absorption region has been extended from the UV region to the visible region, improving the performance of photocatalyst under visible light radiation. In addition, the formation of Fe2O3/TiO2 heterostructures suppresses the recombination of photogenerated electron hole pairs, which also improves the photocatalyst behavior. Particularly, these nanofibers can also work as a sensitive UV detector, which offers in situ monitor method of such photocatalysis materials.
author_names: Hanxing Liu

Zhiguang Zhang

Xiao-Xiong Wang

Guangming Nie

Jun Zhang

Shanyong Zhang

Cao Ning

Shi-Ying Yan

Yun-Ze Long
title: Highly flexible Fe2O3/TiO2 composite nanofibers for photocatalysis and utraviolet detection
year: 2018

abstract: The aim of the current study was to synthesize polyvinyl alcohol Cuprous Oxide composite films (PVA/Cu2O) for radiation detection depending on optical changes. The method adapted from solving of 5%
author_names: Mohammed Ahmed Ali Omer

Emadeldin Abdeljabar Ali Bashir
title: Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol and cuprous oxide (PVA/Cu2O) films for radiation detection and personal dosimeter based on optical properties
year: 2018