Search query: plasmonic switch

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abstract: Abstract We report on a three waveguide electro optic switch for compact photonic integrated circuits and data routing applications. The device features a plasmonic metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) mode for enhanced light matter interactions. The switching mechanism originates from a capacitor like design where the refractive index of the active medium, indium tin oxide, is altered via shifting the plasma frequency due to carrier accumulation inside the waveguide based MOS structure. This light manipulation mechanism controls the transmission direction of transverse magnetic polarized light into either a CROSS or BAR waveguide port. The extinction ratio of 18 (7) dB for the CROSS (BAR) state, respectively, is achieved via a gating voltage bias. The ultrafast broadband fJ/bit device allows for seamless integration with silicon on insulator platforms for low cost manufacturing.
author_names: Chenran Ye

Kunyan Liu

Richard A Soref

Volker J Sorger
title: A compact plasmonic MOS based 2x2 electro optic switch
year: 2015

abstract: Plasmonic structures can be constructed from precise numbers of well defined metal nanoparticles that are held together with molecular linkers, templates or spacers. Such structures could be used to concentrate, guide and switch light on the nanoscale in sensors and various other devices. DNA was first used to rationally design plasmonic structures in 1996, and more sophisticated motifs have since emerged as effective and versatile species for guiding the assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles into structures with useful properties. Here we review the design principles for plasmonic nanostructures, and discuss how DNA has been applied to build finite number assemblies (plasmonic molecules) regularly spaced nanoparticle chains (plasmonic polymers) and extended two and three dimensional ordered arrays (plasmonic crystals)
author_names: Shawn J Tan

Michael J Campolongo

Dan Luo

Wenlong Cheng
title: Building plasmonic nanostructures with DNA.
venue: Nature nanotechnology
year: 2011

abstract: Plasmonic clusters can support Fano resonances, where the line shape characteristics are controlled by cluster geometry. Here we show that clusters with a hemicircular central disk surrounded by a circular ring of closely spaced, coupled nanodisks yield Fano like and non Fano like spectra for orthogonal incident polarization orientations. When this structure is incorporated into an uniquely broadband, liquid crystal device geometry, the entire Fano resonance spectrum can be switched on and off in a voltage dependent manner. A reversible transition between the Fano like and non Fano like spectra is induced by relatively low ~6 V) applied voltages, resulting in a complete on/off switching of the transparency window.
author_names: Wei-Shun Chang

Joseph B Lassiter

Pattanawit Swanglap

Heidar Sobhani

Saumyakanti Khatua

Peter J Nordlander

Naomi J Halas

Stephan Link
title: A plasmonic Fano switch.
venue: Nano letters
year: 2012

abstract: The concept, analysis, and design of series switches for graphene strip plasmonic waveguides at near infrared frequencies are presented. Switching is achieved by using graphene's field effect to selectively enable or forbid propagation on a section of the graphene strip waveguide, thereby allowing good transmission or high isolation, respectively. The electromagnetic modeling of the proposed structure is performed using full wave simulations and a transmission line model combined with a matrix transfer approach, which takes into account the characteristics of the plasmons supported by the different graphene strip waveguide sections of the device. The performance of the switch is evaluated versus different parameters of the structure, including surrounding dielectric media, electrostatic gating and waveguide dimensions.
author_names: Juan Sebastian Gomez-Diaz

Julien Perruisseau-Carrier
title: Graphene based plasmonic switches at near infrared frequencies.
venue: Optics express
year: 2013

abstract: We demonstrate a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide all optical switch that combines the unique physical properties of small molecules and metallic (plasmonic) nanostructures. The switch consists of a pair of gratings defined in an aluminum film coated with a 65 nm thick layer of photochromic (PC) molecules. The first grating couples a signal beam consisting of free space photons to SPPs that interact effectively with the PC molecules. These molecules can reversibly be switched between transparent and absorbing states using a free space optical pump. In the transparent (signal "on" state, the SPPs freely propagate through the molecular layer, and in the absorbing (signal "off" state, the SPPs are strongly attenuated. The second grating serves to decouple the SPPs back into a free space optical beam, enabling measurement of the modulated signal with a far field detector. In a preliminary study, the switching behavior of the PC molecules themselves was confirmed and quantified by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The excellent (16% overlap of the SPP mode profile with the thin layer of switching molecules enabled efficient switching with power densities of approximately 6.0 mW/cm2 in 1.5 microm x 8 microm devices, resulting in plasmonic switching powers of 0.72 nW per device. Calculations further showed that modulation depths in access of 20 dB can easily be attained in optimized designs. The quantitative experimental and theoretical analysis of the nonvolatile switching behavior in this letter guides the design of future nanoscale optically or electrically pumped optical switches.
author_names: Ragip A Pala

Ken T Shimizu

Nicholas A Melosh

Mark L Brongersma
title: A nonvolatile plasmonic switch employing photochromic molecules.
venue: Nano letters
year: 2008

abstract: Active plasmonic band stop filters based on single and double layer doped graphene metamaterials at the THz wavelengths are proposed and investigated numerically by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The metamaterial unit cell structure is composed of two parallel graphene nanoscale ribbons. Simulated results exhibit that significant resonance wavelength shifts can be achieved with a slight variation of the doping concentration of the graphene ribbons. Besides, the asymmetry double layer graphene metamaterial device has two apparent filter dips while the symmetry single double layer and asymmetry single layer graphene metamaterial devices just only one. The metamaterials with symmetry single layer and asymmetry double layer graphene can be used as a high sensitivity refractive sensor with the sensitivity up to 5100 nm/RIU and a two circuit switch, respectively. These prospects pave the way towards ultrafast active graphene based plasmonic devices for THz applications.
author_names: Zhongchao Wei

Xianping Li

Jianjun Yin

Rong Huang

Yuebo Liu

Wei Wang

Hongzhan Liu

Hongyun Meng

Ruisheng Liang
title: Active plasmonic band stop filters based on graphene metamaterial at THz wavelengths.
venue: Optics express
year: 2016

abstract: The atom sets an ultimate scaling limit to Moore's law in the electronics industry. While electronics research already explores atomic scales devices, photonics research still deals with devices at the micrometer scale. Here we demonstrate that photonic scaling, similar to electronics, is only limited by the atom. More precisely, we introduce an electrically controlled plasmonic switch operating at the atomic scale. The switch allows for fast and reproducible switching by means of the relocation of an individual or, at most, a few atoms in a plasmonic cavity. Depending on the location of the atom either of two distinct plasmonic cavity resonance states are supported. Experimental results show reversible digital optical switching with an extinction ratio of 9.2 dB and operation at room temperature up to MHz with femtojoule (fJ) power consumption for a single switch operation. This demonstration of an integrated quantum device allowing to control photons at the atomic level opens intriguing perspectives for a fully integrated and highly scalable chip platform, a platform where optics, electronics, and memory may be controlled at the single atom level.
author_names: Alexandros Emboras

Jens Niegemann

Ping Ma

Christian Haffner

Andreas Pedersen

Mathieu Luisier

Christian Hafner

Th Schimmel

Juerg Leuthold
title: Atomic Scale Plasmonic Switch.
venue: Nano letters
year: 2016

abstract: We present a nano scale electro plasmonic scheme operating at 1550 nm based on plasmonic Metal Insulator Metal waveguide and stub filter configuration. The linear dependency of the transmission spectra of the stub filter to the length of the stubs allows designing a switch that works as normally ON or OFF switch by selecting the length of the stubs 300 or 410 nm, respectively. In our proposed waveguide based structure, the core is an electro optic material known as 4 dimethyl amino Nmethyl 4 stilbazolium tosylate with the refractive index 2.2 while the metal cladding is silver. Three dimensional Finite Element Method simulations demonstrated that by applying a 10 V voltage to the silver cladding, a red shift in the transmission spectra of the filter leads to turn the switch OFF or ON with calculated extinction ratio 13.83$ 13.83 and 11.81 dB, respectively. The calculation of the capacitance implies that the switching rise time of the switch is less than 20 fs and the bandwidth is far beyond the 18 GHz. At the maximum dimension $460\\hbox {nm}\times 450\\hbox {nm}$460nmx450nm, the subwavelength size of the switch promises the potential for future compact integrated plasmonic circuitry. For the verification of three dimensional simulation results, we have tried it, using two dimensional transmission line method for modeling the stub filter, which demonstrates a reasonable accuracy in comparison with three dimensional finite element method.
author_names: Ahmad Naseri Taheri

Hassan Kaatuzian
title: Numerical investigation of a nano scale electro plasmonic switch based on metal insulator metal stub filter
year: 2015

abstract: A high performance electro optical cross bar switch based on a vertical graphene plasmonic directional coupler is proposed. The structure consists of two pattern free graphene plasmonic waveguides which have major advantages over their previous counterparts. An ultrashort switching length of just 223 nm is obtained at the frequency of 37.5 THz. To the best of our knowledge, this switching length is remarkably shorter than those in the recently reported structures. Our designed structure is simulated using a three dimensional finite difference time domain method. According to the illustrated results, extinction ratios of 10.5 and 9.52 dB are obtained at the cross and bar ports, respectively, and a wide spectral width of more than 1 mm is presented. The required switching voltage is also calculated as 6 V and a very high 3 dB bandwidth of more than 60 GHz is obtained. An extremely low switching energy of 3.8 fJ/bit is also estimated.
author_names: Shahram Bahadori-Haghighi

Rahim Ghayour

Mohammad Hossein Sheikhi
title: Three Dimensional Analysis of an Ultrashort Optical Cross Bar Switch Based on a Graphene Plasmonic Coupler
venue: Journal of Lightwave Technology
year: 2017

abstract: Plasmonic memristors are electrically activated optical switches with a memory effect. This effect is important for a new generation of latching optical switches that maintain their state without power consumption. It is also of interest for new optical memories that can be activated by a single electrical write/erase impulse. The operation principle is based on the reversible formation of a conductive path in the dielectric layer of a plasmonic metal insulator metal waveguide. Extinction ratios of 12 dB (6 dB) are demonstrated in 10 mm (5 mm) long devices for operating voltages of 2 V. With this, the devices feature the characteristics of electronic resistive random access memory, but for the field of plasmonics. Such plasmonic memristors are interesting in view of new applications in information storage and for low power circuit switching.
author_names: Claudia Hoessbacher

Yuriy Fedoryshyn

Alexandros Emboras

Argishti Melikyan

Manfred Kohl

David Hillerkuss

Christian Hafner

Juerg Leuthold
title: The plasmonic memristor: a latching optical switch
year: 2014