Search query: perovskite materials review

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abstract: Abstract The rapid increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in last few decades have made them very attractive to the photovoltaic (PV) community. However, the serious challenge is related to the stability under various conditions and toxicity issues. A huge number of articles have been published in PSCs in the recent years focusing these issues by employing different strategies in the synthesis of electron transport layer (ETL) active perovskite layer, hole transport layer (HTL) and back contact counter electrodes. This article tends to focus on the role and classification of different materials used as HTL in influencing long term stability, in improving the photovoltaic parameters and thereby enhancing the device efficiency. Hole Transport Materials (HTMs) are categorized by dividing into three primary types, namely; organic, inorganic and carbonaceous HTMs. To analyze the role of HTM in detail, we further divide these primary type of HTMs into different subgroups. The organic based HTMs are subdivided into three categories, namely; long polymer HTMs, small molecule HTMs and cross linked polymers and the inorganic HTMs have been classified into nickel (Ni) derivatives and copper (Cu) derivatives based HTMs, p type semiconductor based HTMs and transition metal based HTMs. We further analyze the dual role of carbonaceous materials as HTM and counter electrode in the perovskite devices. In addition, in this review, an overview of the preparation methods, and the influence of the thickness of the HTM layers on the performance and stability of the perovskite devices are also provided. We have carried out a detailed comparison about the various classification of HTMs based on their cost effectiveness and considering their role on effective device performance. This review further discusses the critical challenges involved in the synthesis and device engineering of HTMs. This will provide the reader a better insight into the state of the art of perovskite solar devices.
author_names: Selvakumar Pitchaiya

Muthukumarasamy Natarajan

Agilan Santhanam

Vijayshankar Asokan

Akila Yuvapragasam

Venkatraman Madurai Ramakrishnan

Subramaniam E Palanisamy

Senthilarasu Sundaram

Dhayalan Velauthapillai
title: A review on the classification of organic/inorganic/carbonaceous hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell application
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract In this article, different perovskite structure related materials are reviewed, which could be potential candidates for cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells. Solid oxide fuel cells provide an alternative, environmentally viable and efficient option to conventional electricity producing devices. Different properties are required for the materials to qualify as a cathode for solid oxide fuel cells. Therefore, the analysis and review are done based on the process parameters and their effect on the electrical conductivity, electrochemical properties, the coefficient of thermal expansion and mechanical properties of different cathode materials. Fracture toughness and hardness have been the focus while analysing the mechanical properties. The selection of the initial composition, dopants and their valence plays a vital role in deciding the properties mentioned above of cathode materials. The prospective cathode materials classified as cobalt based and cobalt free are further bifurcated based on the A site elements of the perovskite (ABO3) structure. Also given in this article is the summary of the latest development on the cathode materials. As observed from the properties studied, cobalt based materials tend to have higher conductivity than cobalt free materials. While cobalt free compositions are cost effective and have a comparable coefficient of thermal expansion with other components of solid oxide fuel cells. The last section of the article gives the future scope of the research.
author_names: Paramvir Kaur

K Singh
title: Review of perovskite structure related cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells
year: 2020

abstract: Halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising materials for low cost, high efficiency solar cells. The efficiency of perovskite based solar cells has increased rapidly, from 3.8% in 2009 to 19.3% in 2014, by using the all solid state thin film architecture and engineering cell structures with mixed halide perovskites. The emergence of perovskite solar cells revolutionized the field not only because of their rapidly increased efficiency, but also flexibility in material growth and architecture. The superior performance of the perovskite solar cells suggested that perovskite materials possess intrinsically unique properties. In this review, we summarize recent theoretical investigations into the structural, electrical, and optical properties of halide perovskite materials in relation to their applications in solar cells. We also discuss some current challenges of using perovskites in solar cells, along with possible theoretical solutions.
author_names: Wan-Jian Yin

Ji-Hui Yang

Joongoo Kang

Yanfa Yan

Suhuai Wei
title: Halide perovskite materials for solar cells: a theoretical review
year: 2015

abstract: Due to the requirement to develop carbon free energy, solar energy conversion into chemical energy carriers is a promising solution. Thermochemical fuel production cycles are particularly interesting because they can convert carbon dioxide or water into CO or H 2 with concentrated solar energy as a high temperature process heat source. This process further valorizes and upgrades carbon dioxide into valuable and storable fuels. Development of redox active catalysts is the key challenge for the success of thermochemical cycles for solar driven H2O and CO2 splitting. Ultimately, the achievement of economically viable solar fuel production relies on increasing the attainable solar to fuel energy conversion efficiency. This necessitates the discovery of novel redox active and thermally stable materials able to split H2O and CO2 with both high fuel productivities and chemical conversion rates. Perovskites have recently emerged as promising reactive materials for this application as they feature high non stoichiometric oxygen exchange capacities and diffusion rates while maintaining their crystallographic structure during cycling over a wide range of operating conditions and reduction extents. This paper provides an overview of the best performing perovskite formulations considered in recent studies, with special focus on their non stoichiometry extent, their ability to produce solar fuel with high yield and performance stability, and the different methods developed to study the reaction kinetics.
author_names: Anita Haeussler

Stephane Abanades

Julien Jouannaux

Anne Julbe
title: Non Stoichiometric Redox Active Perovskite Materials for Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production: A Review
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract In recent years, due to their high photo to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) (up to 23% (certified) and low cost, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in photovoltaics field. The high PCE can be attributed to the excellent physical properties of organic inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, such as a long charge diffusion length and a high absorption coefficient in the visible range. There are different diffusion lengths of holes in electrons in a PSC device, and thus the electron transporting layer (ETL) plays a critical role in the performance of PSCs. An alternative for TiO2, to the most common ETL material is SnO2, which has similar physical properties to TiO2 but with much higher electron mobility, which is beneficial for electron extraction. In addition, there are many facile methods to fabricate SnO2 nanomaterials with low cost and low energy consumption. In this review paper, we focus on recent developments in SnO2 as the ETL of PSCs. The fabrication methods of SnO2 materials are briefly introduced. The influence of multiple SnO2 types in the ETL on the performance of PSCs is then reviewed. Different methods for improving the PCE and long term stability of PSCs based on SnO2 ETL are also summarized. The review provides a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the influence of different SnO2 ETL types on PSC performance and potentially motivates further development of PSCs with an extension to SnO2 based PSCs.
author_names: Yichuan Chen

Qi Meng

Linrui Zhang

Hongli Gao

Yongzhe Zhang

Hui Yan
title: SnO2 based electron transporting layer materials for perovskite solar cells: A review of recent progress
venue: Journal of Energy Chemistry
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract Plenty of options for inorganic electron transport materials (ETMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are available. However, most hole transport materials (HTMs) is of organic nature. Organic materials are less stable as they are easily degraded by water and oxygen. Developing more variants of inorganic HTM is a major challenge. Till date, many materials have been reported, but their performance has not superseded that of their organic counterparts. In this review article, we look into the various inorganic HTMs that are available and analyze their performance. Apart from stability, their performance is also a concern for reproducible parameters of device performance. CuSCN, NiOx and MoS2 based PSCs are highly stable devices, maintaining power conversion efficiency (PCEs) over 20% whereas, number of devices made from CuI, CuOx, CuS, CuGaO2 and MoOx but shows low PCEs below 20% Recently, HTM free carbon/CNTs/rGO based PSCs shows promises for commercialization. Inorganic HTMs is overcoming the stability and cost issue over organic HTMs, various techniques, their novelty is shown in this work which will contribute in paving a path for synthesizing the ideal inorganic HTM for PSCs.
author_names: Rahul Singh

Pramod K Singh

Bhaskar Bhattacharya

Hee Woo Rhee
title: Review of current progress in inorganic hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells
venue: Applied Materials Today
year: 2019

abstract: Lead based organic inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been developed for advanced optoelectronic applications. However, the toxicity of lead and the chemical instability of lead based perovskite materials have so far demonstrated to be an overwhelming challenge. The discovery of perovskite materials based on low toxic elements, such as, Sn, Bi, Sb, Ge and Cu, with superior optoelectronic properties provides alternative approach to realize high performance perovskite optoelectronics. In this review, recent advances in the aspects of low toxic perovskite solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting diodes and thermoelectric devices are highlighted. The anti oxidation stability of metal cation and the crystallization process of the low toxic perovskite materials are discussed. In the last part, the outlook towards addressing various issues required further attention in the development of low toxic perovskite materials is outlined.
author_names: Tao Zhu

Yongrui Yang

Xiong Gong
title: Recent Advancements and Challenges for Low Toxic Perovskite Materials.
venue: ACS applied materials interfaces
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Halide perovskite materials serve as excellent candidates for solar cell and optoelectronic devices. Recently, the design of the halide perovskite materials is greatly facilitated by machine learning techniques, which effectively identify suitable halide perovskite candidates and unveil hidden relationships by algorithms that mimic the human cognitive functions. In this manuscript, we review recent progresses on the machine learning studies of the halide perovskite materials, including the prediction and understanding of lead free and stable halide perovskite materials. The structural descriptors to describe the property and performance of the halide perovskite materials are discussed. In addition, the design strategy of the additive species for the halide perovskite materials via the machine learning technique is provided. Suggestions to further develop the halide perovskite based systems via the machine learning methods in the future are provided.
author_names: Lei Zhang

Mu He

Shaofeng Shao
title: Machine learning for halide perovskite materials
year: 2020

abstract: Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for sustainable production of renewable hydrogen, and solving the crisis of energy and environment in the world. However, large scale application of this method is hampered by the efficiency and the expense of the solar water splitting systems. Searching for non toxic, low cost, efficient and stable photocatalysts is an important way for solar water splitting. Due to the simplicity of structure and the flexibility of composition, perovskite based photocatalysts have recently attracted widespread attention for application in solar water splitting. In this review, the recent developments of perovskite based photocatalysts for water splitting are summarized. An introduction including the structures and properties of perovskite materials, and the fundamentals of solar water splitting is first provided. Then, it specifically focuses on the strategies for designing and modulating perovskite materials to improve their photocatalytic performance for solar water splitting. The current challenges and perspectives of perovskite materials in solar water splitting are also reviewed. The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings and developments of perovskite based photocatalysts and provide some useful guidance for the future research on the design and development of highly efficient perovskite based photocatalysts and the relevant systems for water splitting.
author_names: Yongjiang Huang

Jun Liu

Yanchun Deng

Yuanyuan Qian

Xiaohao Jia

Mengmeng Ma

Cheng Yang

Kong Liu

Zhijie Wang

Shengchun Qu

Zhanguo Wang
title: The application of perovskite materials in solar water splitting
year: 2020

abstract: Metal halide perovskites having three dimensional crystal structures have already been applied successfully in various optoelectronic applications. To address their most challenging issues instability and toxicity without losing efficiency, lower dimensional perovskites appear to be promising alternatives. Recently, two dimensional (2D) perovskite solar cells have been developed exhibiting excellent photostability and moisture stability, together with moderate device efficiency. This Review summarizes the photophysical properties and operating mechanisms of 2D perovskites as well as recent advances in their applications in solar cell devices. Also presented is an agenda for the next stage development of stable perovskite materials for solar cell applications, highlighting the issues of stability and toxicity that require further study to ensure commercialization.
author_names: Chintam Hanmandlu

Anupriya Singh

Karunakara Moorthy Boopathi

Chao-Sung Lai

Chih-Wei Chu
title: Layered Perovskite Materials: Key Solutions for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.
venue: Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society
year: 2020