Search query: hole transport materials

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abstract: The promising photovoltaic solar cells based on the perovskite light harvesting materials have attracted researchers with their outstanding power conversion efficiencies (over 23% certified) The perovskite work has geared up in just under a decade and is competing with well established semiconductor technologies such as silicon (Si) copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) To commercialize the perovskite solar cells, their stability is the major concern. To address the stability issue, several factors need to be taken into account, and one of them is developing stable hole transport materials (HTMs) which are the essential building blocks. In this mini review, we will discuss the important features of the HTMs, such as design and development of phenothiazine based HTMs. Since phenothiazine is a low cost and stable molecule compared to the spiro OMeTAD, it can be modified further via molecular engineering.
author_names: Swetha Thokala

Surya Prakash Singh
title: Phenothiazine Based Hole Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
venue: ACS omega
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract D A D typed hole transport materials have been designed and synthesized with benzothiadiazole acceptor unit by introducing electron withdrawing group fluorine atoms and electron donating group alkoxy as side group. It is found that the three hole transport materials have a low lying HOMO energy level and higher hole mobility. Furthermore, when these materials are applied in perovskite solar cell, the higher hole mobility (1.02 x 10 3 cm2 V 1 s 1) make the B3, which the fluorine atoms on core acceptor without dopants, get a power conversion efficiency of 12.1% while spiro OMeTAD based dopant free perovskite solar cell only shows a 7.96% efficiency. In addition, the long term stability of the perovskite solar cells based all the three hole transport materials improved greatly, especially B1 based cells show a favorable long term stability, which keeps a 90% initial efficiency after 10 days at a relative humidity of 30% Therefore, the D A D typed hole transport materials have a good application prospects in the field of perovskite solar cells with the incorporation of appropriate side group.
author_names: Xiang Zhou

Fantai Kong

Yuanwei Sun

Yin-sheng Huang

Xianxi Zhang

Rahim Ghadari
title: Dopant free benzothiadiazole bridged hole transport materials for highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Organic inorganic hybrid systems are crystalline materials that showed significant advancement in many technological applications. Surprisingly, perovskite materials have been introduced as challengers to compete with the top photovoltaic technologies. Recently, power conversion efficiencies of the perovskite materials have jumped from 3% to the state of the art laboratory photoconversion efficiency of 26% To reach the optimum performance of the perovskite solar cells, researchers need to identify the highest performance fabrication techniques and device structures. Herein, we highlight the best hole transport materials that have been used to achieve the highest performance upon their use in perovskite solar cell devices in the last decade. Besides, several fabrication techniques, operating mechanisms, and device structures are summarized and discussed. This review presents a brief look on the advancement in the field of perovskite solar cells and how to achieve the best performance via adjusting the hole transport material.
author_names: Walid Sharmoukh

Sherief A Al Kiey

Basant A Ali

Latika Menon

Nageh K Allam
title: Recent progress in the development of hole transport materials to boost the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells
year: 2020

abstract: Conventional inorganic p type conductive oxides, for example, NiO, CuOX, and CuCrOX, can serve as low cost and efficient hole transport materials for wide bandgap organolead halide perovskites [for.
author_names: Yaqi Zhang

Jie Ge

Behzad Mahmoudi

Stefan Forster

Frank Syrowatka

A Wouter Maijenburg

Roland Scheer
title: Synthesis and Characterization of Spinel Cobaltite (Co3O4) Thin Films for Function as Hole Transport Materials in Organometallic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
year: 2020

abstract: Hole transport material (HTM) assisted halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated excellent performances in photovoltaic technology within a short period of time. Herein, cost effective hole transport materials (HTMs) namely BTBDT and BTDTP, were successfully synthesized using thiophene, and engineered into perovskite devices, exhibiting a higher photovoltaic performance than that of the commercially available Spiro OMeTAD. The PSCs with BTBDT and BTDTP HTMs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.96% and 17.60% respectively. Under the exact conditions, the test device employing Spiro OMeTAD demonstrated a PCE of 13.16% The champion short circuit density of 25.73 mA cm 2 was achieved in the present study for the BTDTP assisted PSC. Furthermore, the device stability was examined after 60 days, demonstrating a PCE of 16.08% for BTDTP, which was much more stable than the Spiro OMeTAD device (5.89% Besides the unique device performance, the significant features such as simple synthetic process, dopant free conditions and cost effectiveness of BTBDT and BTDTP make them plausible alternatives to Spiro OMeTAD as the hole transport material in PSCs.
author_names: M Sasikumar

Gurulakshmi Maddala

Meenakshamma Ambapuram

Mahesh Subburu

Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya

S Narendra Babu

Prabhakar Chetti

Raghavender Mitty

Someshwar Pola
title: Cost effective thiophene assisted novel dopant free hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cell performance
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract It is of great significance to fully explore the relationship between p bridge size and intermolecular packing for improving the hole mobility of hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells. We performed the density functional theory (DFT) computations of a series of Z26 derivatives (Z26 2, Z26 3, and Z26 4) and investigated the effect of the size of p bridge and intermolecular packing on hole mobility of hole transport materials. The calculated results show that Z26 2 (7.7 x 10 4 cm2 V 1 s 1) and Z26 3 (1.3 x 10 3 cm2 V 1 s 1) have larger hole mobility than Z26 (5.60 x 10 4 cm2 V 1 s 1) due to their appropriate conjugated length leading to effective face to face packing. The smallest hole mobility of Z26 4 (4.20 x 10 5 cm2 V 1 s 1) is attributed to its overlong conjugation with four double bonds on each side, which produces a long centroid to centroid distance and small electronic coupling. The present theoretical study on the relationship between the size of p bridge and intermolecular packing provides insight for the future design of thiophene based hole transport materials.
author_names: Jiaren Guo

Yan Zhang

Wanlin Cai

Zemin Zhang

Rongxing He

Wei Shen

Ming Li
title: Effect of double bond conjugation on hole mobility of thiophene based hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells
year: 2020

abstract: The [1]benzothieno[3,2 b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) planar system was used to functionalize the phthalocyanine ring aiming at synthesizing novel electron rich p conjugated macrocycles. The resulting ZnPc BTBT and ZnPc (BTBT)4 derivatives are the first two examples of a phthalocyanine subclass having potential use as solution processable p type organic semiconductors. In particular, the combination of experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations suggests compatible energy level alignments with mixed halide hybrid perovskite based devices. Furthermore, ZnPc (BTBT)4 features a high aggregation tendency, a useful tool to design compact molecular films. When tested as hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells under 100 mA cm 2 standard AM 1.5G solar illumination, ZnPc (BTBT)4 gave power conversion efficiencies as high as 14.13 irrespective of the doping process generally required to achieve high photovoltaic performances. This work is a first step toward a new phthalocyanine core engineerization to obtain robust, yet more efficient and cost effective materials for organic electronics and optoelectronics.
author_names: Gloria Zanotti

Nicola Angelini

Giuseppe Mattioli

Anna Maria Paoletti

Giovanna Pennesi

Daniela Caschera

Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev

Luca Beverina

Adiel Mauro Calascibetta

Alessandro Sanzone

Aldo Di Carlo

Beatrice Berionni Berna

Sara Pescetelli

Antonio Agresti
title: [1]Benzothieno[3,2 b][1]benzothiophene Phthalocyanine Derivatives: A Subclass of Solution Processable Electron Rich Hole Transport Materials.
venue: ChemPlusChem
year: 2020

abstract: Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells have undergone massive improvements in power conversion efficiency in the past decade, from around 4% in 2009 to 24% in 2019. A hotly debated issue in this field involves the investigation of economical, stable and power efficient hole transport materials (HTMs) and electron transport materials in order to improve overall device performance and feasibility of mass production in the coming years. Even though the conventional (n i p) structure continues to be the most commonly used in perovskite solar cells, research in the field has shown that its potential for further commercial application is limited due to the higher J V hysteresis and need for high temperature during fabrication. To address this issue, inverted (p i n) perovskite structures have been seriously examined because of their straightforward processability at low and moderate temperatures. These investigations have established that the HTMs are a significant part of the inverted (p i n) perovskite structure, which can render shape to a specific contact. They are perfect for reducing charge recombination and effective hole collection to enhance the overall performance of the device. This article examines in minute detail the different characteristics of inorganic hole transport materials used in inverted perovskite structures over the past decade, including power conversion efficiency, device configuration, energy band position and synthesis methods. It goes on to briefly discuss the stability analysis conducted to identify the factors which make perovskite unstable, so that possible ways to further optimize the performance parameters may be derived from the observations.
author_names: Anjan Kumar

Sangeeta Singh
title: Advancement in Inorganic Hole Transport Materials for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
venue: Journal of Electronic Materials
year: 2020

abstract: Two novel star shaped triarylamine based hole transport materials with triphenylamine (STR1) or a partially oxygen bridged triphenylamine (STR0) as core and para substituted triphenylamine side arms were synthesized, fully characterized and studied in perovskite solar cells. Their thermal, optical, electrochemical and charge transport properties were examined and compared in the context of their molecular structure. Due to its more planar configuration, STR0 showed a red shifted absorption in comparison with STR1. STR0 also forms a more stable amorphous glassy state and showed higher glass transition temperature than STR1 and spiro OMeTAD. These HTMs were tested in perovskite solar cells using a device configuration of FTO/bl TiO2/mp TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/HTM/Au showing a power conversion efficiency of 13.3% for STR0 and 11.5% for STR1. The STR0 based devices showed higher fill factor and better reproducibility than spiro OMeTAD based cells. Without dopant additives, solar cells based on STR0 exhibited a good photocurrent density of 16.63 mA cm 2 and the efficiency improved from a starting PCE of 3.9% to 6.6% after two weeks of storage.
author_names: Rosinda Fuentes Pineda

Yaroslav Zems

Joel Troughton

Muhammad Rizwan Niazi

Dmitrii F Perepichka

Trystan M Watson

Neil Robertson
title: Star shaped triarylamine based hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells
year: 2020

abstract: Inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their excellent thermal stability. The CsPbI2Br PSCs, combining the merits of stable CsPbBr3 and efficient CsPbI3, demonstrate tremendous application potential. In this work, n i p structured inorganic CsPbI2Br PSCs are fabricated using ZnO as the electron transport material (ETM) and dopant free PBDB T and its derivatives as the hole transport materials (HTMs) Alkylsilyl substituted PBDB T (i.e.PBDB T Si) based devices demonstrate the best efficiency of 15.60% (compared to 14.20% of the PBDB T based reference device) with an ultrahigh fill factor over 84% due to the deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, superior hole mobility and quasi ohmic contact characteristics. However, fluorine and chlorine substituted PBDB T (i.e.PBDB T 2F and PBDB T 2Cl) based devices exhibit enhanced open circuit voltages but decreased short circuit current densities due to the unbalanced hole extraction and large leakage current at the interface, giving moderate efficiencies of 14.87 and 14.03% respectively. Our work provides a sophisticated analysis of various optoelectronic properties of polymeric HTMs and points out that the quasi ohmic/ohmic contact plays a critical role in determining device performance.
author_names: Pang Wang

Hui Wang

Mingyu Jeong

Sang Myeon Lee

Baocai Du

Yuchao Mao

Fanghao Ye

Huijun Zhang

Donghui Li

Dan Liu

Changduk Yang

Tao Wang
title: Dopant free polymeric hole transport materials for efficient CsPbI2Br perovskite cells with a fill factor exceeding 84%
year: 2020