Search query: Integrated Nanoparticle–Biomolecule Hybrid Systems: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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abstract: Nanomaterials, such as metal or semiconductor nanoparticles and nanorods, exhibit similar dimensions to those of biomolecules, such as proteins (enzymes, antigens, antibodies) or DNA. The integration of nanoparticles, which exhibit unique electronic, photonic, and catalytic properties, with biomaterials, which display unique recognition, catalytic, and inhibition properties, yields novel hybrid nanobiomaterials of synergetic properties and functions. This review describes recent advances in the synthesis of biomolecule nanoparticle/nanorod hybrid systems and the application of such assemblies in the generation of 2D and 3D ordered structures in solutions and on surfaces. Particular emphasis is directed to the use of biomolecule nanoparticle (metallic or semiconductive) assemblies for bioanalytical applications and for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices.
author_names: Eugenii Katz

Itamar Willner
title: Integrated nanoparticle biomolecule hybrid systems: synthesis, properties, and applications.
venue: Angewandte Chemie
year: 2004

author_names: Eugenii Katz

Itamar Willner
title: Integrated Nanoparticle Biomolecule Hybrid Systems: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
year: 2005

abstract: Nanopartides exhibit similar dimensions to those of biomolecules.Nanoparticles exhibit unique electronic,pho tonic and catalytic properties,and biomaterials display unique discriminating,catalytic,and inhibitory properties.The integration of the two forms a novel hybrid material of synergetic properties and functions which called biomolecule nanopanticle.This review outlines recent advances in synthesis of biomolecule nanoparticle hybrid systems,and its application in the generation of 2D and 3D ordered structures in the solution or on the surfaces[0],with emphasis on the use of biomolecule nanoparticle(metallic or semi conductive) assemblies for bioanalytical applications and for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices.
author_names: Shen He-bai
title: The Synthesis of Integrated Nanoparticle Biomolecule Hybrid Systems and Applications in the Bio medical Field
year: 2007

author_names: Eugenii Katz

Andrew N Shipway

Itamar Willner
title: Biomaterial Nanoparticle Hybrid Systems: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
year: 2005

abstract: The similar dimensions of biomolecules such as enzymes, antibodies or DNA, and metallic or semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) enable the synthesis of biomolecule NP hybrid systems where the unique electronic, photonic and catalytic properties of NPs are combined with the specific recognition and biocatalytic properties of biomolecules. The unique functions of biomolecule NP hybrid systems are discussed with several examples: (i) the electrical contacting of redox enzymes with electrodes is the basis for the development of enzymatic electrodes for amperometric biosensors or biofuel cell elements. The reconstitution of the apo glucose oxidase or apo glucose dehydrogenase on flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) functionalized Au NPs (1.4 nm) associated with electrodes, or on pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) functionalized Au NPs (1.4 nm) associated with electrodes, respectively, yields electrically contacted enzyme electrodes. The aligned, reconstituted enzymes on the electrode surfaces reveal effective electrical contacting, and the glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenase reveal turnover rates of 5000 and 11,800 s( 1) respectively. (ii) The photoexcitation of semiconductor nanoparticles yields fluorescence with a wavelength controlled by the size of the NPs. The fluorescence functions of semiconductor NPs are used to develop a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay for nucleic acids, and specifically, for analyzing telomerase activity in cancer cells. CdSe ZnS NPs are functionalized by a primer recognized by telomerase, and this is elongated by telomerase extracted from HeLa cancer cells in the presence of dNTPs and Texas red functionalized dUTP. The dye integrated into the telomers allows the FRET process that is intensified as telomerization proceeds. Also, the photoexcited electron hole pair generated in semiconductor NPs is used to generate photocurrents in a CdS DNA hybrid system associated with an electrode. A redox active intercalator, methylene blue, was incorporated into a CdS duplex DNA monolayer associated with a Au electrode, and this facilitated the electron transfer between the electrode and the CdS NPs. The direction of the photocurrent was controlled by the oxidation state of the intercalator. (iii) Biocatalysts grow metallic NPs, and the absorbance of the NPs provides a means to assay the biocatalytic transformations. This is exemplified with the glucose oxidase induced growth of Au NPs and with the tyrosinase stimulated growth of Au NPs, in the presence of glucose or tyrosine, respectively. The biocatalytic growth of the metallic NPs is used to grow nanowires on surfaces. Glucose oxidase or alkaline phosphatase functionalized with Au NPs (1.4 nm) acted as 'biocatalytic inks' for the synthesis of metallic nanowires. The deposition of the Au NP modified glucose oxidase, or the Au NP modified alkaline phosphatase on Si surfaces by dip pen nanolithography led to biocatalytic templates, that after interaction with glucose/AuCl4 or p aminophenolphosphate/Ag+ allowed the synthesis of Au nanowires or Ag nanowires, respectively.
author_names: Itamar Willner

Ronan Baron

Bilha Willner
title: Integrated nanoparticle biomolecule systems for biosensing and bioelectronics.
venue: Biosensors bioelectronics
year: 2007

abstract: Recent advances in nanobiotechnology involve the use of biomolecule nanoparticle (NP) hybrid systems for bioelectronic applications. This is exemplified by the electrical contacting of redox enzymes by means of Au NPs. The enzymes, glucose oxidase, GOx, and glucose dehydrogenase, GDH, are electrically contacted with the electrodes by the reconstitution of the corresponding apo proteins on flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) functionalized Au NPs (1.4 nm) associated with electrodes, respectively. Similarly, Au NPs integrated into polyaniline in a micro rod configuration associated with electrodes provides a high surface area matrix with superior charge transport properties for the effective electrical contacting of GOx with the electrode. A different application of biomolecule Au NP hybrids for bioelectronics involves the use of Au NPs as carriers for a nucleic acid that is composed of hemin/G quadruplex DNAzyme units and a detecting segment complementary to the analyte DNA. The functionalized Au NPs are employed for the amplified DNA detection, and for the analysis of telomerase activity in cancer cells, using chemiluminescence as a readout signal. Biomolecule semiconductor NP hybrid systems are used for the development of photoelectrochemical sensors and optoelectronic systems. A hybrid system consisting of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)/CdS NPs is immobilized in a monolayer configuration on an electrode. The photocurrent generated by the system in the presence of thioacetylcholine as substrate provides a means to probe the AChE activity. The blocking of the photocurrent by 1,5 bis(4 allyldimethyl ammonium phenyl)pentane 3 one dibromide as nerve gas analog enables the photoelectrochemical analysis of AChE inhibitors. Also, the association CdS NP/double stranded DNA hybrid systems with a Au electrode, and the intercalation of methylene blue into the double stranded DNA, generates an organized nanostructure of switchable photoelectrochemical functions. Electrochemical reduction of the intercalator to the leuco form, 0.4 V vs. SCE, results in a cathodic photocurrent as a result of the transfer of photoexcited conduction band electrons to O(2) and the transport of electrons to the valance band holes by the reduced intercalator units. The oxidation of the intercalator, E 0 V (vs. SCE) yields in the presence of triethanolamine, TEOA, as sacrificial electron donor, an anodic photocurrent by the transport of conduction band electrons, through intercalator units, to the electrodes, and filling the valance band holes with electrons supplied by TEOA. The systems reveal potential switchable directions of the photocurrents, and reveal logic gate functions.
author_names: Itamar Willner

Bilha Willner

Eugenii Katz
title: Biomolecule nanoparticle hybrid systems for bioelectronic applications.
venue: Bioelectrochemistry
year: 2007

abstract: Abstract Reliable energy generation at lowest expenditure has become essential for fulfilling present energy requirements. For this purpose, development of low cost, scalable, efficient, and reliable catalysts is essential. Carbon based materials are very promising for various energy storage application. Carbon based heteroatom doped mesoporous electrodes have become very popular as catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Various carbon allotropes can be utilized for cost effective mass production of electrode materials. 3D porous carbon electrodes provide multiple advantages, including a large surface area for maximized active site exposure, 3D conductive pathways for efficient electron transport, and porous channels to facilitate electrolyte diffusion. However, it is challenging to synthesize and functionalize 3D carbon structures. In this chapter, we summarize various synthesis processes of porous carbon materials together with 3D architectures to understand how their physical and chemical properties together with heteroatom doping dictate the electrochemical catalytic performance. Prospects of attractive 3D carbon structural materials for energy conversion, and efficient integrated energy systems are also discussed.
author_names: Rajib Paul

Mewin Vincent

Vinodkumar Etacheri

Ajit Roy
title: Carbon nanotubes, graphene, porous carbon, and hybrid carbon based materials: synthesis, properties, and functionalization for efficient energy storage
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract Demand for more efficient and ecofriendly energy storage systems arouse research efforts in seeking to develop new energy materials with promising properties. In this regard, mixed transition metal oxides have recently attracted great attention due to their improved electrochemical and electrical properties in comparison with simple oxides. Herein, NiMnO3 and their composites with reduced graphene oxide (NiMnO3 rGO) were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route, followed by a thermal treatment and their electrochemical properties have been evaluated as electrode materials for hybrid energy storage devices. The prepared samples were characterized by using X ray diffraction (XRD) Raman spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption measurements. The energy storage behavior of the samples was investigated using different electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Accordingly, a NiMnO3 rGO nanocomposite showed a high capacity of 91 mAh g 1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s 1, 48% higher than that of the pure NiMnO3 sample (47.7 mAh g 1) Furthermore, this nanocomposite was integrated as a positive electrode with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as the negative electrode in an aqueous hybrid energy storage device. This system displayed a high specific energy of 23.5 Wh kg 1 and a maximum specific power of 7.64 kW kg 1.
author_names: Jaime S Sanchez

A Pendashteh

Jesus Palma

Marc A Anderson

Rebeca Marcilla
title: Synthesis and application of NiMnO3 rGO nanocomposites as electrode materials for hybrid energy storage devices
year: 2018

abstract: Biomolecule nanoparticle (or carbon nanotube) hybrid systems provide new materials that combine the unique optical, electronic, or catalytic properties of the nanoelements with the recognition or biocatalytic functions of biomolecules. This article summarizes recent applications of biomolecule nanoparticle (or carbon nanotubes) hybrid systems for sensing, synthesis of nanostructures, and for the fabrication of nanoscale devices. The use of metallic nanoparticles for the electrical contacting of redox enzymes with electrodes, and as catalytic labels for the development of electrochemical biosensors is discussed. Similarly, biomolecule quantum dot hybrid systems are implemented for optical biosensing, and for monitoring intracellular metabolic processes. Also, the self assembly of biomolecule metal nanoparticle hybrids into nanostructures and functional nanodevices is presented. The future perspectives of the field are addressed by discussing future challenges and highlighting different potential applications.
author_names: Itamar Willner

Bilha Willner
title: Biomolecule based nanomaterials and nanostructures.
venue: Nano letters
year: 2010

abstract: Biomolecule metal or semiconductor nanoparticle (NP) hybrid systems combine the recognition and catalytic properties of biomolecules with the unique electronic and optical properties of NPs. This enables the application of the hybrid systems in developing new electronic and optical biosensors, to synthesize nanowires and nanocircuits, and to fabricate new devices. Metal NPs are employed as nano connectors that activate redox enzymes, and they act as electrical or optical labels for biorecognition events. Similarly, semiconductor NPs act as optical probes for biorecognition processes. Double stranded DNA or protein chains that are modified with metallic nanoclusters act as templates for the synthesis of metallic nanowires. The nanowires are used as building blocks to assemble nano devices such as a transistor or a nanotransporter.
author_names: Ronan Baron

Bilha Willner

Itamar Willner
title: Biomolecule nanoparticle hybrids as functional units for nanobiotechnology.
venue: Chemical communications
year: 2007