Search query: photocatalysis basics

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abstract: This review reports on the basic mechanism of photocatalysis and different ways of enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. It further examines enhancement of the photocatalytic property using the different combinations of semiconductor oxides (TiO2, ZnO, stratified WO3/TiO2, WO3/ZnO) TiO2, ZnO semiconductors have been widely used from the recent few decades in the photocatalytic degradation process, but the main drawback of these materials is able to utilize the UV part of the solar spectrum. So many researchers tried to utilize a major portion of the solar spectrum using different strategies such as doping, applying external bias, stratified films, etc. The main aim of this review is providing different strategies for enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency.
author_names: Y M Hunge

A A Yadav

Babasaheb M Mohite
title: Basics of Photocatalysis and Different Strategy for Enhancing the Photocatalytic Efficiency
year: 2020

abstract: Presently, world is facing the problem of environmental pollution, which is associated to the air, water and soil pollution. This is mainly due to a continually rising of population and increase of demands for source water. Due to rapid civilization and industrialization, many pollutants such as various toxic compounds, dyes, sulfates are dumped into water.1,2 Water is an indispensable source of life. It is the major solvent, for all biochemical processes. The discharged waste water from the industries contains the organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants that are hazardous to human, aquatic and biotic life. The removal of organic contaminants form water is of prime importance.3 Degradation of pollutants is of paramount importance as far as potable water is concerned.
author_names: Y M Hunge

A A Yadav
title: Basics and advanced developments in photocatalysis a review
year: 2018

author_names: Tsukasa Torimoto
title: Photoelectrochemistry and Photocatalysis 3: Basics and Applications of Photoelectrodes
year: 2016

abstract: Presently, the most challenging issue is the elimination of contaminants existing in polluted water due to their adverse effect on human health and environment. Photocatalysis is one of the best, renewable, and green approach that remedies the water pollution problems. It has gained momentum since water splitting by Fujishima and Honda under UV irradiation, and remarkable progress has been made with the assistance of nanotechnology to resolve energy and pollution problems. Interestingly, its simplicity and low cost make it suitable and affordable for practical application in water purification. Chapter 1 describes the basic mechanism of heterogenous photocatalysis, degradation of toxic pollutants, and principles of semiconductor based heterogeneous photocatalysis. Further, reactions, that is, generation of charge carriers, recombination losses, and degradation of pollutants, under illumination of solar light have been described in detail. The parameters required for efficient photocatalysts, such as optimum band gap energy, rapid transportation of photoelectrons, suitable band positions, and intrinsic electron mobility, have been summarized. Hence, this chapter consists of fundamental details about heterogeneous photocatalysis.
author_names: Rajendra C Pawar

Caroline Sunyong Lee
title: Basics of Photocatalysis
year: 2015

abstract: Abstract Heterogeneous photocatalysis as a sustainable and promising strategy has been intensively investigated for different applications, including solar fuel production and degradation of environmental pollutants. However, it is still challenging to develop highly active, selective, and durable photocatalysts for practical applications. In this chapter, after introducing a brief history of photocatalysis, we first present a comprehensive review on the thermodynamics and dynamics of photocatalysis, which could help the readers deeply understand the fundamental principles of photocatalytic processes. Then, we systematically summarize the basics for the surface/interface science of photocatalysis, including adsorption, surface redox reactions, and interfacial charge separation. Finally, the design principles, modification strategies, and the characterization and evaluation methods of semiconductor photocatalysts are summarized. By addressing these pertinent and important topics in heterogeneous photocatalysis, this chapter is expected to provide a useful reference for researchers in designing and exploring advanced photocatalytic materials for different applications.
author_names: Xin Li

Jiaguo Yu

Chuanjia Jiang
title: Principle and surface science of photocatalysis
year: 2020

abstract: Photocatalysis is a process in which the rate of photoreaction is accelerated in presence of a catalyst. It has gained much interest due to its ability to completely mineralise a variety of organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water. This paper describes the basics of heterogeneous photocatalysis, mainly on TiO2 and the application of the photocatalytic process to water purification, mainly to remove phenol as well as special emphasis on the effects of; solution pH, dissolved oxygen, catalyst load, initial phenol concentration and UV radiation on the photoactivity. Photocatalytic degradation of phenol was conducted in 1 L solutions of phenol (20 mg/L) in ultrapure water in a batch system. Catalyst concentration was constant at 8 mg/L Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Concentration of phenol was monitored on a Waters High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) and Gas ChromatogramMass Spectrometer (GC MS) Results showed that photo degradation is an effective method for the removal of phenol from wastewaters. The efficiency of the process depends strongly on the experimental conditions.
author_names: Lindelwa Jay

Evans M N Chirwa
title: The Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Degradation of Phenol by UV/TiO2 Photocatalysis
year: 2019

abstract: Photocatalysis is a process in which the rate of photoreaction is accelerated in presence of a catalyst. It has gained much interest due to its ability to completely mineralise a variety of organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water. This paper describes the basics of heterogeneous photocatalysis, mainly on TiO2 and the application of the photocatalytic process to water purification, mainly to remove phenol as well as special emphasis on the effects of; solution pH, dissolved oxygen, catalyst load, initial phenol concentration and UV radiation on the photoactivity. Photocatalytic degradation of phenol was conducted in 1 L solutions of phenol (20 mg/L) in ultrapure water in a batch system. Catalyst concentration was constant at 8 mg/L Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Concentration of phenol was monitored on a Waters High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) and Gas Chromatogram Mass Spectrometer (GC MS) Results showed that photo degradation is an effective method for the removal of phenol from wastewaters. The efficiency of the process depends strongly on the experimental conditions.
author_names: Lindelwa Jay

Evans M N Chirwa
title: The Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Degradation of Phenol by UV/TiO 2 Photocatalysis
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract In order to support the future hydrogen economy, photocatalytic water splitting technology, based on nanosized semiconductors, has significant potential for the production of hydrogen using solar energy with a low environmental impact. Despite the numerous attempts to prepare materials able to efficiently use solar energy during the past decades, the solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency is currently far too low for the technology to be economically profitable. This chapter depicts the basics of photocatalytic water splitting and organic photoreforming and surveys metal based semiconductor nanomaterials (i.e. metal oxides, metal (oxy)sulfides and metal (oxy)nitrides, etc. used as photocatalysts for hydrogen production in aqueous solution under UVA or visible radiation. Special attention is paid to recent developments for enhancing the effectiveness of the most common metal based semiconductors. The main experimental factors affecting performance and design of photocatalytic materials are critically discussed.
author_names: Laura Clarizia

Danilo Russo

Ilaria Di Somma

Roberto Andreozzi

Raffaele Marotta
title: Metal based semiconductor nanomaterials for photocatalysis
year: 2018

abstract: Studies on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metals (mainly gold and silver) regarding solar driven photocatalysis have been attracting enormous interests over the past two decades. As research on LSPR continues to expand, recently, aluminum (Al) with respect to plasmonic enhanced photocatalysis beyond such noble metals has attracted considerable attention. Al as an abundant and relatively inexpensive metal holds great promise for plasmonic photocatalysis with outstanding light harvesting capacity and performance in virtue of its unique optical characteristics. Herein, a short review is given on the related basics of LSPR, and the key factors including the size, shape, and oxide formation of Al nanostructures, which significantly influence the optical response of Al. In particular, photocatalytic applications in artificial photoredox processes with regard to plasmonic Al are outlined. In addition, some perspectives on the opportunity and challenge for future development of this research field are offered.
author_names: Yan Chen

Xin Xin

Nan Zhang

Yi-Jun Xu
title: Aluminum Based Plasmonic Photocatalysis
year: 2017

abstract: Overall water splitting based on particulate photocatalysts is an easily constructed and cost effective technology for the conversion of abundant solar energy into clean and renewable hydrogen energy on a large scale. This promising technology can be achieved in a one step excitation system using a single photocatalyst or via a Z scheme process based on a pair of photocatalysts. Ideally, such photocatalysis will proceed with charge separation and transport unaffected by recombination and trapping, and surface catalytic processes will not involve undesirable reactions. This review summarizes the basics of overall water splitting via both one step excitation and Z scheme processes, with a focus on standard methods of determining photocatalytic performance. Various surface engineering strategies applied to photocatalysts, such as cocatalyst loading, surface morphology control, surface modification and surface phase junctions, have been developed to allow efficient one step excitation overall water splitting. In addition, numerous visible light responsive photocatalysts have been successfully utilized as H2 evolution or O2 evolution photocatalysts in Z scheme overall water splitting. Prototype particulate immobilization systems with photocatalytic performances comparable to or drastically higher than those of particle suspension systems suggest the exciting possibility of the large scale production of low cost renewable solar hydrogen.
author_names: Zheng Wang

Can Li

Kazunari Domen
title: Recent developments in heterogeneous photocatalysts for solar driven overall water splitting.
venue: Chemical Society reviews
year: 2019