Search query: Wireless Energy harvest and storage

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abstract: The lifetime of a power supply in a sensor node of a wireless sensor network is the decisive factor in the longevity of the system. Traditional Li ion batteries cannot fulfill the demands of sensor networks that require a long operational duration. Thus, we require a solution that produces its own electricity from its surrounding and stores it for future utility. Moreover, as the sensor node architecture is developed on complimentary metal oxide semiconductor technology (CMOS) the manufacture of the power supply must be compatible with it. In this thesis, we shall describe the components of an on chip lifetime power supply that can harvest the vibrational mechanical energy through piezoelectric microcantilevers and store it in a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based microsupercapacitor, and that is fabricated through CMOS compatible techniques. Our piezoelectric microcantilevers confirm the feasibility of fabricating micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) size two degree of freedom systems which can solve the major issue of small bandwidth of piezoelectric micro energy harvesters. These devices use a cut out trapezoidal cantilever beam to enhance the stress on the cantilever's free end while reducing the gap remarkably between its first two eigenfrequencies in 400 500 Hz and 1 2 kHz range. The energy from the M shaped harvesters will be stored in rGO based microsupercapacitors. These microsupercapacitors are manufactured through a fully CMOS compatible, reproducible, and reliable micromachining processes. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated an improvement in their electrochemical performance and yield of fabrication through surface roughening from iron nanoparticles. We have also examined the possibility of integrating these devices into a power management unit to fully realize a lifetime power supply for wireless sensor networks.
author_names: Agin Vyas
title: Towards an on chip power supply: Integration of micro energy harvesting and storage techniques for wireless sensor networks
year: 2019

abstract: This paper investigates secure transmission in a wireless powered cooperative communication network (WPCCN) over Nakagami $m$ fading channels, where multiple intermediate energy harvesting (EH) nodes with finite energy storage are deployed to assist the secure transmission between source and destination in the presence of an eavesdropper. Specifically, the intermediate EH nodes first harvest and accumulate energy from the source's signal and then forward the confidential signal or emit jamming signal to interfere the eavesdropper according to actual requirements. In order to exploit the intermediate EH nodes for secure improvement, considering both energy storage status and channel gains, three relay and jammer selection schemes at the intermediate nodes are proposed, namely: energy threshold based best relay and random jammer (ETBR) energy threshold based random relay and best jammer (ETRB) and energy threshold based best relay and best jammer (ETBB) For understanding the impact of critical parameters on the secrecy performance, we first capture the evolution of the EH nodes' storages using finite state Markov chain (FSMC) and then derive the analytical expressions for hybrid outage probability (HOP) and secrecy throughput (ST) Furthermore, numerical results demonstrate that our proposed selection schemes outperform the existing schemes (bR rJ, rR bJ, bR bJ) due to the consideration of energy accumulation and storage status. In addition, there is a suitable value of the energy threshold for each proposed scheme to achieve the optimal secrecy performance.
author_names: Hao Yin

Weiwei Yang

Tao Zhang

Yue-hong Shen

Hongbo Zhu
title: Secure Wireless Powered Cooperative Communication Networks With Finite Energy Storage
venue: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
year: 2020

abstract: The operational efficiency of remote environmental wireless sensor networks (EWSNs) has improved tremendously with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies over the past few years. EWSNs require elaborate device composition and advanced control to attain long term operation with minimal maintenance. This article is focused on power supplies that provide energy to run the wireless sensor nodes in environmental applications. In this context, EWSNs have two distinct features that set them apart from monitoring systems in other application domains. They are often deployed in remote areas, preventing the use of mains power and precluding regular visits to exchange batteries. At the same time, their surroundings usually provide opportunities to harvest ambient energy and use it to (partially) power the sensor nodes. This review provides a comprehensive account of energy harvesting sources, energy storage devices, and corresponding topologies of energy harvesting systems, focusing on studies published within the last 10 years. Current trends and future directions in these areas are also covered.
author_names: Michal Prauzek

Jaromir Konecny

Monika Borova

Karolina Janosova

Jakub Hlavica

Petr Musilek
title: Energy Harvesting Sources, Storage Devices and System Topologies for Environmental Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review
venue: Sensors
year: 2018

abstract: In this paper, decode to forward cooperative system is considered with wireless energy harvesting relays. Relays are spatially randomly located and have the finite storage battery. Relays can harvest the energy from the RF signals, broadcasted by the destination. OSRL scheme is employed to improve the system performance. For characterising the performance of proposed scenario, exact closed form analytical expressions for the outage probability are derived and also derive the expression for the system throughput. Finally simulation results are presented to show that the system performance is increased by increasing the energy harvesting time.AC DC conversion efficiency has also shows effect on the system performance. Keywords Perfect CSI, outage probability, Nakagami m fading.
author_names: K Pavani -

V Annapurna -
title: Performance Analysis of Cooperative Communication with Wireless Energy Harvesting Relays Over Nakagami M Fading Channels
venue: International Journal of Research in Advent Technology
year: 2019

abstract: UAV aided Internet of Things (IoT) systems enable IoT devices to relay up to date information to base stations with UAVs, which extends the IoT network coverage and improves data transmission efficiency. To achieve a perpetual UAV data delivery system, simultaneous wireless data and power transfer (SWIPT) is employed for energy constrained UAVs to harvest energy from wireless chargers to support data sensing and transmission from IoT devices (e.g. sensors) deployed at different locations. In this paper, the design objective is to pursue the optimal energy charging policy for each UAV considering the system states of location, the queue length and energy storage. We formulate and solve a Markov decision process for the UAV data delivery to optimally take the actions of energy charging, and data delivery to base stations. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed MDP scheme outperforms baseline schemes in terms of lower expected overall cost and high energy efficiency.
author_names: Huajian Jin

Jiangming Jin

Yang Zhang
title: Beacon in the Air: Optimizing Data Delivery for Wireless Energy Powered UAVs
venue: MLICOM
year: 2019

abstract: A Helmholtz resonator can harvest the weak acoustic energy, but the traditional management circuits hardly efficiently obtain the weak energy due to the diode drop of the rectifier. A high efficiency management circuit for the weak energy is developed, and the conjugate impedance matching of the piezoelectric transducer and the energy storage of the inductance are realized. The proposed circuit has 59% and 94% higher charging voltages than traditional double synchronized switch harvesting and series synchronized switching harvesting with inductor circuits. The Helmholtz resonator with the proposed circuit can drive wireless sensors at a weak acoustic pressure of 0.2 Pa and can be used in other weak energy harvesters.
author_names: Ping Li

Yumei Wen
title: Note: Weak acoustic energy harvesting and high efficiency storage energy management circuit for wireless sensor.
venue: The Review of scientific instruments
year: 2018

abstract: The distributed spatial modulation (DSM) protocol, which allows relays to forward the source's data while simultaneously allowing the relays to transmit their own data, has been proposed by Narayanan et al. In this paper, we introduce two new protocols for enabling the DSM, consisting of single antenna network nodes, with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer capability: power splitting based DSM (PS DSM) and energy recycling based DSM (ER DSM) More specifically, the PS DSM relies on power splitters at the relay nodes to harvest energy transmitted from the source. On the other hand, the ER DSM, by exploiting the inactive cooperating relays in DSM based protocols, recycles part of the transmitted energy in the network, without relying on power splitters or time switches at the relays to harvest energy. This leads to an increase in the average harvested energy at the relays with reduced hardware complexity. Both the PS DSM and the ER DSM also retain all the original features of DSM. Due to its particular operating principle and specific advantages, we select the ER DSM as the candidate for further mathematical analysis. More specifically, by considering a multi state battery model, we propose an analytical framework based on a Markov chain formulation for modeling the charging/discharging behavior of the batteries at the relay nodes in the ER DSM. Furthermore, based on the derived Markov chain model, we introduce a mathematical framework for computing the error probability of the ER DSM, by explicitly taking into account, the effect of finite sized batteries. The frameworks are substantiated with the aid of Monte Carlo simulations for various system setups.
author_names: Sandeep Narayanan

Mohammad R Shikh-Bahaei

Jiancao Hou

Mark F Flanagan
title: Wireless Powered Distributed Spatial Modulation With Energy Recycling and Finite Energy Storage
venue: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
year: 2018

abstract: Recent advances in energy harvesting (EH) technology have motivated the adoption of rechargeable mobile devices for communications. In this paper, we consider a point to point (P2P) wireless communication system in which an EH transmitter with a non ideal rechargeable battery is required to send a given fixed number of bits to the receiver before they expire according to a preset delay constraint. Due to the possible energy loss in the storage process, the harvest use and store (HUS) architecture is adopted. We characterize the properties of the optimal solutions, for additive white Gaussian channels (AWGNs) and then block fading channels, that maximize the energy efficiency (i.e. battery residual) subject to a given rate requirement. Interestingly, it is shown that the optimal solution has a water filling interpretation with double thresholds and that both thresholds are mono tonic. Based on this, we investigate the optimal double threshold based allocation policy and devise an algorithm to achieve the solution. Numerical results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis and to compare the optimal solutions with existing schemes.
author_names: Fangchao Yuan

Shi Jin

Kai-Kit Wong

Keith Q T Zhang

Hongbo Zhu
title: Optimal harvest use store design for delay constrained energy harvesting wireless communications
venue: Journal of Communications and Networks
year: 2016

abstract: Energy harvesting (EH) technology has emerged as a promising energy supplier to unattended wireless systems. In the commonly used harvest store use (HSU) scheme, harvested energy is always stored in a battery before its subsequent use. The existence of storage loss in practical battery systems, however, unavoidably reduces the energy efficiency. In this paper, we therefore propose the use of a more efficient harvest use store (HUS) architecture for point to point data transmission, where the harvested energy is prioritized for use in data transmission while its balance/debt is stored in or extracted from the storage device. We derive the optimal energy polices, under the criterion of throughput maximization, for the HUS architecture on static and block fading channels, and investigate the properties of the resulting power allocation pattern. The optimization is done in the Lagrangian framework, uncovering the special structure of the optimal power pattern and obtaining a closed form solution conditioned on the knowledge of the block locations for zero battery level. A dynamic programming (DP) based algorithm is developed for locating such blocks in the optimal power patterns. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the properties of the proposed HUS architecture and its superior performance over the existing schemes.
author_names: Fangchao Yuan

Keith Q T Zhang

Shi Jin

Hongbo Zhu
title: Optimal Harvest Use Store Strategy for Energy Harvesting Wireless Systems
venue: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
year: 2015

abstract: In this paper, a dual hop decode to forward cooperative system is considered where multiple relays are with finite energy storage and can harvest energy from the destination. In our analysis, the relays are spatially randomly located with invoking stochastic geometry. In an effort to improve spectral efficiency, an optimal source relay link scheme is employed. Assuming Nakagami $m$ fading, two different scenarios are considered: 1) the single antenna source with perfect channel state information (CSI) and 2) the multiple antenna source with transmit antenna selection and imperfect CSI. In both scenarios, the destination node is equipped with a single transmit antenna to forward power via frequency radio signal to the relay candidates. For improving the system performance, multiple antennas at the destination are considered to process the multiple copies of the received signal from the best relay. For characterizing the performance of the proposed scenarios, exact closed form analytical expressions for the outage probability are derived. To obtain further insights, we carry out diversity gain analysis by adopting asymptotic relative diversity. We also derive the exact closed form analytical expression for the system throughput. Finally, simulation results are presented to corroborate the proposed analysis and to show that: 1) the system performance is improved by enlarging the area of the circle and the density of the relays and 2) the energy storage size has impacts on the performance of considered networks, which determines the maximal transmit power at relays.
author_names: Jia Ye

Hongjiang Lei

Yuanwei Liu

Gaofeng Pan

Daniel Benevides da Costa

Qiang Ni

Zhiguo Ding
title: Cooperative Communications With Wireless Energy Harvesting Over Nakagami $m$ Fading Channels
venue: IEEE Transactions on Communications
year: 2017