Search query: control and disicion making

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abstract: Supply chain disruptions with an unpredictable occurrence such as significant differences between forecasts and actual customer demands are challenging for semiconductor manufacturers. Normally, these events are responded to with a time consuming mostly manual procedure. This work describes an approach for an automated framework to react faster and with less effort on these unpredictable events. Within this framework simulation is necessary for the evaluation of automated decisions. Therefore, a discrete event simulation and a simulation based on a system dynamics approach have been combined. As a result of this framework's approach, safety stocks can be reduced due to a more accurate cycle time prediction and a reduced number of false alarms regarding supply chain disruptions.
author_names: Markus Rabe

Angel Alejandro Juan

Navonil Mustafee

Anders Skoogh

S Jain

B Johansson
title: SIMULATION ASSISTED DECISION MAKING FOR SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTIONS IN PRODUCTION CONTROL
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract Objective The trail making test (TMT) is one of the most widely used neuropsychological tests. TMT A provides measures of visual scanning/visuomotor speed and TMT B involves additional demands on executive functions. Derived scores TMT B A and TMT B/A enhance measures of executive functioning. However, simple B A subtraction may lead to false estimates of executive dysfunction in clinical samples. Norms for TMT have been published in several countries but are currently lacking for Scandinavia. Methods A total of 292 healthy controls between age 41 and 84 years were included from the Norwegian "Dementia Disease Initiation" (DDI) study (n 170) and the Gothenburg Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) study (n 122) We used a regression based procedure to develop demographically adjusted norms for basic (TMT A and TMT B) and derived measures (TMT B A and B/A) We also propose a regression based alternative to the TMT B A measure named "TMT b" The proposed norms were compared to norms from Heaton et al. and Tombaugh. Results Due to differences in the estimated normative effects of demographics on performance, the proposed norms for TMT were better suited in the Scandinavian sample compared with published non Scandinavian norms. The proposed TMT b measure was highly correlated to TMT B A (r 0.969, p 0.001) Conclusion We here propose demographically adjusted norms for the TMT for ages 41 through 84 years based on a Scandinavian sample. We also present the regression based derived measure TMT b which may resolve issues with the conventional TMT B A measure.
author_names: Jacob Espenes

Erik Hessen

Ingvild Vollo Eliassen

Knut Waterloo

Marie Eckerstrom

Sigrid Botne Sando

Santiago Timon

Anders Wallin

Tormod Fladby

Bjorn-Eivind Kirsebom
title: Demographically adjusted trail making test norms in a Scandinavian sample from 41 to 84 years
venue: The Clinical neuropsychologist
year: 2020

abstract: The relatively large voltage loss (Vloss) in excitonic type solar cells severely limits their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) Here, we report a comprehensive control of Vloss through efficacious engineering of the sensitizer and redox mediator, making a breakthrough in the PCE of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) The targeted down regulation of Vloss is successfully realized by three valid channels: (i) reducing the driving force of electron injection through dye molecular engineering, (ii) decreasing the dye regeneration overpotential through redox mediator engineering, and (iii) suppressing interfacial electron recombination. Significantly, the "trade off" effect between the dye optical band gap and the open circuit voltage (VOC) is minimized to a great extent, achieving a distinct enhancement in photovoltaic performance (PCE 11.5% with VOC up to 1.1 V) for liquid junction cells. The solidification of the best performing device leads to a PCE of 11.7% which is so far the highest efficiency obtained for solid state DSSCs. Our work inspires further development in highly efficient excitonic solar cells by comprehensive control of Vloss.
author_names: Weiwei Zhang

Yongzhen Wu

Hee Won Bahng

Yiming Cao

Chenyi Yi

Yasemin Saygili

Jingshan Luo

Yuhang Liu

Ladislav Kavan

Jacques-E Moser

Anders Hagfeldt

He Tian

Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin

Wei-hong Zhu

Michael Gratzel
title: Comprehensive control of voltage loss enables 11.7% efficient solid state dye sensitized solar cells
year: 2018

abstract: Under the human environment, robot arms are desired to have safety and versatility. There is a tendon drive arm using nonlinear springs as a mechanism that meets the requirement. By using springs in the power transmission path of this arm, safety at the time of contact can be secured. Also, utilizing the nonlinearity of the springs, the mechanical stiffness of the arm can be adjusted. In this paper, we analyze the natural angular frequency and the damping factor of the force control system for the mechanical stiffness of the tendon drive arm using the nonlinear springs and the contact environmental change using the root locus. In particular, it is possible to increase the response speed without changing the control stiffness by making the mechanical stiffness variable.
author_names: Akimasa Sobue

Satoshi Komada

Kazuhiro Yubai

and Daisuke Yashiro
title: Analysis of Force/Stiffness Control of Variable Stiffness Tendon Driven Arms
venue: 2018 12th France Japan and 10th Europe Asia Congress on Mechatronics
year: 2018

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author_names: Tobias Worner

Johanna Nilsson

Kristian Thorborg

Anders Stalman

Frida Eek
title: Self reported hip function and performance based measures in patients following hip arthroscopy compared to an asymptomatic control group A cross sectional study
year: 2018

abstract: Touch based interaction is becoming increasingly popular and is commonly used as the main interaction paradigm for self service kiosks in public spaces. Touch based interaction is known to be visually intensive, and current non haptic touch display technologies are often criticized as excluding blind users. This study set out to demonstrate that touch based kiosks can be designed to include blind users without compromising the user experience for non blind users. Most touch based kiosks are based on absolute positioned virtual buttons which are difficult to locate without any tactile, audible or visual cues. However, simple stroke gestures rely on relative movements and the user does not need to hit a target at a specific location on the display. In this study, a touch based train ticket sales kiosk based on simple stroke gestures was developed and tested on a panel of blind and visually impaired users, a panel of blindfolded non visually impaired users and a control group of non visually impaired users. The tests demonstrate that all the participants managed to discover, learn and use the touch based self service terminal and complete a ticket purchasing task. The majority of the participants completed the task in less than 4 min on the first attempt.
author_names: Frode Eika Sandnes

Tek Beng Tan

Anders Sewerin Johansen

Edvin Sulic

Eirik Vesterhus

Eirik Rud Iversen
title: Making touch based kiosks accessible to blind users through simple gestures
venue: Universal Access in the Information Society
year: 2011

abstract: Significance Delta oscillations have been largely associated with slow wave sleep and anesthesia, when no conscious functions take place during these states. However, our study demonstrates that coherent delta band oscillations reflect the linkage between distant parietal and frontal cortical circuits during decision making. Thus, these findings open an avenue for investigating whether the activity between distant cortical circuits oscillates in the delta frequency range during other cognitive functions. Coherent oscillations in the theta to gamma frequency range have been proposed as a mechanism that coordinates neural activity in large scale cortical networks in sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. Whether this mechanism also involves coherent oscillations at delta frequencies (1 4 Hz) is not known. Rather, delta oscillations have been associated with slow wave sleep. Here, we show coherent oscillations in the delta frequency band between parietal and frontal cortices during the decision making component of a somatosensory discrimination task. Importantly, the magnitude of this delta band coherence is modulated by the different decision alternatives. Furthermore, during control conditions not requiring decision making, delta band coherences are typically much reduced. Our work indicates an important role for synchronous activity in the delta frequency band when large scale, distant cortical networks coordinate their neural activity during decision making.
author_names: V Molina Nacher

Anders Ledberg

Gustavo Deco

Ranulfo Romo
title: Coherent delta band oscillations between cortical areas correlate with decision making
venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
year: 2013

abstract: Abstract This article captures the implications of technology supportive of high level autonomous vehicles eclipsing the capacity of regulators to respond. To date, policy makers and industry actors have avoided confronting the impending gap, a consequence of the fact that current levels of vehicle autonomy are sufficiently low that accountability for decision making affecting the operation of vehicles still resides with the driver. However, as automotive firms achieve higher levels of vehicle autonomy and control shifts to the vehicle itself and the infrastructure supporting it, the preponderance of responsibility will transfer to different actors: automotive firms, autonomous vehicle programmers, and policy makers. This article explains and quantifies the challenges that will arise as that process unfolds. It does this by introducing four ethics and value based foundations that can be used to guide programming of decisions to be made by autonomous vehicles. The purpose is not to recommend a specific ethics or value based foundation for programming high level autonomous vehicles. Rather, by programming dilemma inducing scenarios and then directing outcomes on the basis of distinct ethical or values based foundations, we quantifiably demonstrate that autonomous vehicle programming decisions, whether they are guided by a particular ethical foundation or moral code or not, manifest in tangibly different outcomes. Through this, we introduce and discuss challenges many not considered previously associated with programming and regulating high level autonomous vehicles. Based on that, we consider implications for policy as well as the long term proliferation of the technology.
author_names: Greig Mordue

Anders Yeung

Fan Wu
title: The looming challenges of regulating high level autonomous vehicles
year: 2020

abstract: Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a brain region that subserves cognition and motor control, but the mechanisms of these functions remain unknown. Human neuroimaging and monkey electrophysiology studies have provided valuable insights, but it has been difficult to link the two literatures. Based on monkey single unit recordings, we hypothesized that human dACC is comprised of a mixture of functionally distinct cells that variously anticipate and detect targets, indicate novelty, influence motor responses, encode reward values, and signal errors. As an initial test of this conceptualization, the current event related functional MRI study used a reward based decision making task to isolate responses from a subpopulation of dACC cells sensitive to reward reduction. As predicted, seven of eight subjects showed significant (P 10 4) dACC activation when contrasting reduced reward (REDrew) trials to fixation (FIX) Confirmatory group analyses then corroborated the predicted ordinal relationships of functional MRI activation expected during each trial type (REDrew SWITCH CONrew FIX) The data support a role for dACC in reward based decision making, and by linking the human and monkey literatures, provide initial support for the existence of heterogeneity within dACC. These findings should be of interest to those studying reward, cognition, emotion, motivation, and motor control.
author_names: George Bush

Brent A Vogt

Jennifer Holmes

Anders M Dale

Douglas N Greve

Michael A Jenike

Bruce R Rosen
title: Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward based decision making
venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
year: 2001

abstract: Abstract This paper discusses the challenges of managing urban technical networks exploring four complementary dimensions: the autonomy of technical objects, the decision making model, the reversibility of changes, and the centralization of command and control. The analysis is based on the example of the Geneva tram network, which has experienced an important change of its operating system over recent years. This transformation has created a vigorous social and political controversy. We argue that what is regarded as an intrinsic condition of ungovernability should be better understood as a more or less consciously constructed situation where (a) public transit development does not appear as a real priority within overall transportation policy in Geneva, (b) a delegation of responsibility of managing the tram network occurs from the political to the technical level, and (c) some of the decisions taken at the technical level have, in turn, physically compromised the development of the network.
author_names: Ander Audikana

Vincent Kaufmann

Marcia Messer
title: Governing the Geneva Tram Network: Making Decisions without Making Choices
year: 2015