Search query: Circularly polarized light detection

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abstract: Despite great challenges, the development of new molecular structures with multiple and even conflicting characteristics are eagerly pursued for exploring advanced applications. To develop high performance chiral organic semiconducting molecules, a distorted p system is required for strong coupling with circularly polarized light (CPL) whereas planar p stacking systems are necessary for high charge carrier mobility. To address this dilemma, in this work, we introduce a skeleton merging approach through distortion of a perylene diimide (PDI) core with four fused heteroaromatics to form an ortho p extended PDI double [7]heterohelicene. PDI double helicene inherits a high dissymmetry factor from the helicene skeleton, and the extended p planar system concurrently maintains a high level of charge transport properties. In addition, ortho p extension of the PDI skeleton brings about near infrared (NIR) light absorption and ambipolar charge transport abilities, endowing the corresponding organic phototransistors with high photoresponsivity of 450 and 120 mA W 1 in p and n type modes respectively, along with a high external quantum efficiency (89% under NIR light irradiations. Remarkably, these multiple characteristics enable high performance broadband CPL detections up to NIR spectral region with chiral organic semiconductors. In organic semiconducting molecules materials, distorted p systems enable strong coupling with circular polarized light while planar p stacking systems are necessary for high charge carrier mobility. Here, the authors address this dilemma by introducing a skeleton merging approach through distortion of a perylene diimide core with four fused heteroaromatics to form a p extended double helicene.
author_names: Li Zhang

Inho Song

Jaeyong Ahn

Myeonggeun Han

Mathieu Linares

Mathieu Surin

Hui-Jun Zhang

Joon Hak Oh

Jian-bin Lin
title: p Extended perylene diimide double heterohelicenes as ambipolar organic semiconductors for broadband circularly polarized light detection
venue: Nature communications
year: 2021

abstract: Circularly polarized light (CPL) sensitive direct detection is attracting increasing attention owing to its various optical technology applications and ultracompact device structures. However, current CPL sensitive direct detection mainly focuses on a single mode, whereas the visible near infrared (vis NIR) dual modal detection, which is important for improving device sensitivity and night vision performance, still remains to be explored. Here, for the first time, the vis NIR dual modal CPL sensitive direct detection is presented in bulk single crystals of two dimensional chiral perovskite (R BPEA)2PbI4 (R BPEA (R) 1 (4 bromophenyl)ethylammonium) Benefiting from the strong light matter interaction of the layered structure, (R BPEA)2PbI4 shows a two photon absorption (TPA) coefficient of up to 55 cm/MW, which almost falls around the highest value of 2D hybrid perovskites. Notably, (R BPEA)2PbI4 exhibits a high vis NIR dual modal CPL sensitive direct detecting performance under both visible light (520 nm) and NIR light (800 nm) with the on/off ratios of current higher than 103, and the anisotropy factors for photocurrent higher than 0.1. This work will shed light on the design of new chiral semiconductors with a large TPA coefficient and promote their applications in vis NIR dual modal CPL sensitive direct detection.
author_names: Xitao Liu

Lina Li

Xiaoying Shang
title: Realization of vis NIR Dual Modal Circularly Polarized Light Detection in Chiral Perovskite Bulk Crystals.
venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society
year: 2021

abstract: The emergent properties of chiral organic inorganic hybrid materials offer opportunities in spin dependent optoelectronic devices. One of the most promising applications where spin, charge, and light are strongly coupled is circularly polarized light (CPL) detection. However, the performance of state of the art CPL detectors using chiral hybrid metal halide semiconductors is still limited by the low anisotropy factor, poor conductivity, and limited photoresponsivity. Here, we synthesize 0D chiral copper chloride hybrids, templated by chiral methylbenzylammonium (R/S MBA) i.e. (R /S MBA)2CuCl4, that display circular dichroism for the ligand to metal charge transfer transition with an absorption anisotropy factor (gCD) among the largest reported for chiral metal halide semiconductor hybrids. To circumvent the poor conductivity of the unpercolated inorganic framework of this chiral absorber, we develop a direct CPL detector that utilizes a heterojunction between the chiral (MBA)2CuCl4 absorber layer and a semiconducting single walled carbon nanotube (s SWCNT) transport channel. Our chiral heterostructure shows high photoresponsivity of 452 A/W, a competitive anisotropy factor (gres) of up to 0.21, a current response in microamperes, and low working voltage down to 0.01 V. Our results clearly demonstrate a useful strategy toward high performance chiral optoelectronic devices, where a nanoscale heterostructure enables direct CPL detection even for highly insulating chiral materials.
author_names: Ji Hao

Haipeng Lu

Lingling Mao

Xihan Chen

Matthew C Beard

Jeffrey L Blackburn
title: Direct Detection of Circularly Polarized Light Using Chiral Copper Chloride Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures.
venue: ACS nano
year: 2021

abstract: Chiral p conjugated molecular systems that are intrinsically sensitive to the handedness of circularly polarized (CP) light potentially allow for miniaturized, low cost CP detection devices. Such devices promise to transform several technologies, including biosensing, quantum optics and communication of data encrypted by exploiting the spin angular momentum of light. Here we realize a simple, bilayer organic photodiode (CP OPD) comprising an achiral p conjugated polymer chiral additive blend as the electron donor layer and an achiral C60 electron acceptor layer. These devices exhibit considerable photocurrent dissymmetry gph, with absolute values as high as 0.85 and dark currents as low as 10 pA. Impressively, they showcase a linear dynamic range of 80 dB, and rise and fall times of 50 and 270 ns respectively, which significantly outperforms all previously reported CP selective photodetectors. Mechanistically, we show that the gph is sensitive to the thickness of both the chiral donor and achiral acceptor layers and that a trade off exists between the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and gph. The fast switching speeds of these devices, coupled with their large dynamic range and highly selective response to CP light, opens up the possibility of their direct application in CP sensing and optical communication.
author_names: Mary Darlene Ward

Jessica Wade

X G Shi

Jenny Nelson

Alasdair J Campbell

Matthew J Fuchter
title: Highly Selective Ultrafast Circularly Polarized Photodiodes Based on p Conjugated Polymers
year: 2021

abstract: While halide perovskites (HPs) have achieved enormous success in the field of optoelectronic applications, much attention has been recently drawn to the unique polarization sensitivity of HPs, either intrinsic or extrinsic, which makes HPs a potential candidate for innovative applications in directly polarized luminescence and detection. Herein, the research status in the field of polarization sensitive HPs, including linear polarization and circular polarization, is comprehensively summarized. To evaluate the effectiveness of HPs in generating and detecting linearly or circularly polarized light, the principles and characterization methods of polarized luminescence and detection are introduced. Sequentially, the state of the art development of the strategies that induce the linear or circular polarization characteristics of HPs is systematically reviewed, based on which the application of polarization sensitive HPs in the field of polarization luminescence and detection are summarized. Moreover, the current challenges and opportunities are discussed, and prospects of the future development in this promising field are outlined.
author_names: Xiaobo Wang

Yue Wang

Weiyin Gao

Lin Song

Chenxin Ran

Yonghua Chen

Wei Huang
title: Polarization Sensitive Halide Perovskites for Polarized Luminescence and Detection: Recent Advances and Perspectives.
venue: Advanced materials
year: 2021

abstract: Recently, our group produced spin polarized hydrogen (SPH) atoms at densities of at least 10 19 cm 3 from the photodissociation of hydrogen halide molecules with circularly polarized UV light and measured them via magnetization quantum beats with a pickup coil. These densities are approximately 7 orders of magnitude higher than those produced using conventional methods, opening up new fields of application, such as ultrafast magnetometry, the production of polarized MeV and GeV particle beams, such as electron beams with intensities approximately 10 4 higher than current sources, and the study of polarized nuclear fusion, for which the reaction cross sections of D T and D 3 He reactions are expected to increase by 50% for fully polarized nuclear spins. We review the production, detection, depolarization mechanisms, and potential applications of high density SPH. A laser based scheme to produce spin polarized hydrogen (SPH) at much higher densities than conventional methods could create new opportunities in physics. In a review of the topic, Alexandros Spiliotis and coworkers from the University of Create and FORTH Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser in Greece describe how the use of circularly polarized, pulsed ultraviolet laser light can produce SPH with a density of 10 19 cm 3 by photodissociation of hydrogen halide molecules. This high density production approach brings many benefits including the prospect of ultrafast magnetometry and the generation of high energy beams of spin polarized electrons, protons or deuterons by laser plasma acceleration. Furthermore, spin polarized nuclear fusion is expected to be more efficient than conventional fusion.
author_names: Alexandros K Spiliotis

Michalis Xygkis

Michail E Koutrakis

Konstantinos Tazes

Gregoris K Boulogiannis

Chrysovalantis S Kannis

Georgios E Katsoprinakis

Dimitrios Sofikitis

T Peter Rakitzis
title: Ultrahigh density spin polarized hydrogen isotopes from the photodissociation of hydrogen halides: new applications for laser ion acceleration, magnetometry, and polarized nuclear fusion
venue: Light, science applications
year: 2021

abstract: A polarized laser beam steering system using multiply cascaded rotating polarization gratings (PGs) is presented. The rotating PGs steer incident circularly polarized beams with high optical throughput because the theoretical limitation of the PG diffraction efficiency is 100% The system also offers more rapid rotation when compared with wedge prism pairs because of the weight of the PGs. The beam steering performance was analyzed theoretically for schemes using two and four rotating PGs. The system's feasibility was demonstrated experimentally by projecting Lissajous and raster patterns using PGs fabricated from photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystal films via a photo alignment technique. The steered beam's diffraction efficiency and ellipticity were maintained at 83~89% and 96~99% respectively, during PG rotation. This beam steering system will be applicable to light detection and ranging, optical imaging, and laser displays.
author_names: Moritsugu Sakamoto

Huynh Thanh Nhan

Kohei Noda

Tomoyuki Sasaki

Tadayoshi Kamei

Takeya Sakai

Yukitoshi Hattori

Nobuhiro Kawatsuki

Hiroshi Ono
title: Polarized beam steering using multiply cascaded rotating polarization gratings.
venue: Applied optics
year: 2021

abstract: We present a theoretical study of the optical radio frequency (rf) double resonance on hyperfine ground states of alkali metal atoms in the geophysical magnetic field range, in which resonance circularly polarized laser light is used in the optical pumping and detection processes. The analytical expressions of the rf resonance signals corresponding to two ground states are obtained based on atomic multipole moments, where the alignment effect is considered and that is responsible for the resonance shape and linewidth especially when the optical power is relatively strong. In addition, we also obtain the analytical expressions of the linewidths of two separated resonance peaks and one presenting the competition process of the optical pumping, rf field and spin exchange collision. Two different types of light narrowing phenomena are investigated by comparing the longitudinal relaxation rates of atomic multipole moments for two ground states. Applied to rubidium and cesium atoms, we show a particularly close agreement of our analytical results with more elaborate calculations using density matrix theory. Our theoretical model is relevant for optimizing the sensitivity of magnetometers.
author_names: Pan Qi

Xu-xing Geng

Guang-ming Huang
title: Theory of light narrowing of magnetic resonances of alkali metal atoms in the geophysical field range
year: 2021

abstract: Context. Homochirality is a generic and unique property of life on Earth and is considered a universal and agnostic biosignature. Homochirality induces fractional circular polarization in the incident light that it reflects. Because this circularly polarized light can be sensed remotely, it can be one of the most compelling candidate biosignatures in life detection missions. While there are also other sources of circular polarization, these result in spectrally flat signals with lower magnitude. Additionally, circular polarization can be a valuable tool in Earth remote sensing because the circular polarization signal directly relates to vegetation physiology. Aims. While high quality circular polarization measurements can be obtained in the laboratory and under semi static conditions in the field, there has been a significant gap to more realistic remote sensing conditions. Methods. In this study, we present sensitive circular spectropolarimetric measurements of various landscape elements taken from a fast moving helicopter. Results. We demonstrate that during flight, within mere seconds of measurements, we can differentiate (S/N 5) between grass fields, forests, and abiotic urban areas. Importantly, we show that with only nonzero circular polarization as a discriminant, photosynthetic organisms can even be measured in lakes. Conclusions. Circular spectropolarimetry can be a powerful technique to detect life beyond Earth, and we emphasize the potential of utilizing circular spectropolarimetry as a remote sensing tool to characterize and monitor in detail the vegetation physiology and terrain features of Earth itself.
author_names: C H Lucas Patty

Jonas G Kuhn

Petar H Lambrev

Stefano Spadaccia

H Jens Hoeijmakers

Christoph U Keller

Willeke Mulder

Vidhya Pallichadath

Olivier Poch

Frans Snik

Daphne M Stam

Antoine Pommerol

B O Demory
title: Biosignatures of the Earth
venue: Astronomy Astrophysics
year: 2021

abstract: Measuring the polarization state of light is an inherent problem, especially for the detection of circularly polarized light. We propose a metasurface structure based on graphene to investigate the circular polarization detection function in the THz regime by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The proposed graphene metasurface consists of a layer of graphene arrays, a polymer dielectric spacer, and a layer of graphene bands. By adjusting the Fermi energy, the structure can realize tunable polarization detection functions. On this basis, we combine tunable filters with different angles into the structure to achieve full Stokes parameter measurement. The simulation results show that the structure's working band can be tuned in the range of 25.88 mm 28.68 mm. The structure we designed helps to develop a tunable and integrated polarization detection method.
author_names: Bowei Yang

Yuhui Zhang

Mingzhao Ouyang

Yuegang Fu
title: Tunable Circular Polarization Detection and Full Stokes Measurement Structure
venue: IEEE Photonics Journal
year: 2021