Search query: CuInS2

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abstract: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have become a unique class of materials with great potential for applications in biomedical and optoelectronic devices. However, conventional QDs contains toxic heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and Hg. Hence, it is imperative to find an alternative material with similar optical properties and low cytotoxicity. Among these materials, CuInS2 (CIS) QDs have attracted a lot of interest due to their direct band gap in the infrared region, large optical absorption coefficient and low toxic composition. These factors make them a good material for biomedical application. This review starts with the origin and photophysical characteristics of CIS QDs. This is followed by various synthetic strategies, including synthesis in organic and aqueous solvents, and the tuning of their optical properties. Lastly, their significance in various biological applications is presented with their prospects in clinical applications.
author_names: Rajendran Jose Varghese

Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi
title: The Photoluminescence and Biocompatibility of CuInS2 Based Ternary Quantum Dots and Their Biological Applications
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Recently, various materials have been explored for their potential applications in homojunction solar cells, which have distinct advantages of good lattice matching at the junction interfaces with minimum recombination losses of carriers. This paper presents an overview of design, technique, and materials in the advanced homojunction solar cells with their latest reported efficiencies. We review the development of homojunction solar cells with two dimensional (or thin film) based materials, one dimensional materials (nanowire/nanorods/nanotube) and zero dimensional (nanodots and quantum dots) based materials. Among the thin film materials explored for homojunction solar cells, we mainly focus this review on CuInS2, InGaN, and InP based homojunction solar cells.
author_names: Nisar Ali

Jingting Luo

Mingkui Wang

Abul Kalam

Abdullah G Al-Sehemi

Yong Qing Fu
title: Advances in nanostructured homojunction solar cells and photovoltaic materials
year: 2020

abstract: Copper doped semiconductors are classic phosphor materials that have been used in a variety of applications for many decades. Colloidal copper doped semiconductor nanocrystals have recently attracted a great deal of interest because they combine the solution processability and spectral tunability of colloidal nanocrystals with the unique photoluminescence properties of copper doped semiconductor phosphors. Although ternary and quaternary semiconductors containing copper, such as CuInS2 and Cu2ZnSnS4, have been studied primarily in the context of their photovoltaic applications, when synthesized as colloidal nanocrystals, these materials have photoluminescence properties that are remarkably similar to those of copper doped semiconductor nanocrystals. This review focuses on the luminescent properties of colloidal copper doped, copper based, and related copper containing semiconductor nanocrystals. Fundamental investigations into the luminescence of copper containing colloidal nanocrystals are reviewed in the context of the well established luminescence mechanisms of bulk copper doped semiconductors and copper(I) molecular coordination complexes. The use of colloidal copper containing nanocrystals in applications that take advantage of their luminescent properties, such as bioimaging, solid state lighting, and luminescent solar concentrators, is also discussed.
author_names: Kathryn E Knowles

Kimberly H Hartstein

Troy B Kilburn

Arianna Marchioro

Heidi D Nelson

Patrick J Whitham

Daniel R Gamelin
title: Luminescent Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals Containing Copper: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Applications.
venue: Chemical reviews
year: 2016

abstract: Solution processed organic and inorganic semiconductors offer a promising path towards low cost mass production of solar cells. Among the various material systems, solution processing of multicomponent inorganic semiconductors offers considerable promise due to their excellent electronic properties and superior photo and thermal stability. This review surveys the recent developments of "all solution processed" copper indium gallium) chalcogenide (CuInS2, CuInSe2 and Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2) chalcopyrites and copper zinc tin chalcogenide (Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTS(e) kesterite solar cells. A brief overview further addresses some of the most critical material aspects and associated loss mechanisms in chalcopyrite and kesterite devices. Today's state of the art performance as well as future challenges to achieve low cost and environmentally friendly production is discussed.
author_names: Hamed Azimi

Yi Hou

Christoph J Brabec
title: Towards low cost, environmentally friendly printed chalcopyrite and kesterite solar cells
year: 2014

abstract: Group I III VI2 semiconductor based quantum dots, such as AgInS2, CuInS2 and their solid solution with ZnS, have recently been reported to show intense photoluminescence, the wavelength of which is tunable in a wide range from visible to near infrared (NIR) light regions by controlling their chemical composition and/or size. Due to their low toxicity and tunable optical properties, these multinary semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been intensively developed as alternative materials to conventional Cdand Pb based QDs for applications to photoluminescent devices, photocatalysts, quantum dot solar cells, and biological imaging materials. In this review, the recent progress in the photofunctionality of I III VI2 based semiconductor QDs prepared by the colloidal method is outlined with foucus on two advances: (1) extension of the photoluminescence wavelength to NIR light for in vivo biological imaging and (2) improvement of photoenergy conversion properties by nanostructure control of QDs. (c) The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.
author_names: Tatsuya Kameyama
title: Advances in Colloidal I III VI 2 Based Semiconductor Quantum Dots toward Tailorable Photofunctional Materials
year: 2018

abstract: Introduction: A number of assays have so far been exploited for detection of cancer biomarkers in various malignancies. However, the expression of cancer biomarker(s) appears to be extremely low, therefore accurate detection demands sensitive optical imaging probes. While optical detection using conventional fluorophores often fail due to photobleaching problems, quantum dots (QDs) offer stable optical imaging in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In this review, we briefly overview the impacts of QDs in biology and its applications in bioimaging of malignancies. We will also delineate the existing obstacles for early detection of cancer and the intensifying use of QDs in advancement of diagnostic devices. Results: Of the QDs, unlike the II VI type QDs (e.g. cadmium (Cd) selenium (Se) or tellurium (Te) that possess inherent cytotoxicity, the I III VI 2 type QDs (e.g. AgInS2, CuInS2, ZnS AgInS2) appear to be less toxic bioimaging agents with better control of band gap energies. As highly sensitive bioimaging probes, advanced hybrid QDs (e.g. QD QD, fluorochrome QD conjugates used for sensing through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenching, and barcoding techniques) have also been harnessed for the detection of biomarkers and the monitoring of delivery of drugs/genes to the target sites. Antibody QD (Ab QD) and aptamer QD (Ap QD) bioconjugates, once target the relevant biomarker, can provide highly stable photoluminescence (PL) at the target sites. In addition to their potential as nanobiosensors, the bioconjugates of QDs with homing devices have successfully been used for the development of smart nanosystems (NSs) providing targeted bioimaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) Conclusion: Having possessed great deal of photonic characteristics, QDs can be used for development of seamless multifunctional nanomedicines, theranostics and nanobiosensors.
author_names: Omid Mashinchian

Mohammad Johari-Ahar

Behnaz Ghaemi

Mohammad Reza Rashidi

Jaleh Barar

Yadollah Omidi
title: Impacts of quantum dots in molecular detection and bioimaging of cancer
venue: BioImpacts BI
year: 2014

abstract: AbstractSince the last few decades, light absorbing materials based on CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) CuInS2 (CIS) and CdTe have dominated the research in thin film solar cells. To fabricate large scale solar cells from these materials, problems may arise due to limited availability of the constituents, viz. Se, In, Cd, and Te, and the toxicity of some of these elements. Hence, recent research efforts are attentive toward abundantly available non toxic, larger value of absorption coefficient and non conventional elements. The Cu3BiS3 having wittichenite orthorhombic structure is one the most promising absorber layer candidates for low cost thin film solar cells. It has suitable direct band gap (1.10 1.86 eV) large absorption coefficient (105 cm 1) with composition of earth abundant, and relatively non toxic and cost effective constituents. Till now, a majority work was done on the preparation of Cu3BiS3 thin films by various techniques. Therefore, a comprehensive review of recent literature of Cu3BiS3 is urgently required. This paper will review the various techniques that have been used to deposit Cu3BiS3 semiconductor with the hope of new paths for the beginner.
author_names: S G Deshmukh

Vipul Kheraj
title: A comprehensive review on synthesis and characterizations of Cu3BiS3 thin films for solar photovoltaics
venue: Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering
year: 2017

abstract: In the frame of the present doctoral thesis, chalcopyrite based heterojunctions, used in Thin Film Solar Cells (TFSCs) have been further developed and extensively studied. TFSCs grown at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie (HZB) have been exhaustively characterized by Optical Modulation Techniques at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) In accordance with the results anticipated, Cd free chalcopyrite solar cells have been developed and have been structurally, optically, and electrically characterized. The respective buffer(ZnSe) and window layers (ZnO) have been grown by low cost chemical (CBD) and electrochemical (ECD) techniques at the NTUA. In the following, a brief review of the thesis main topics is given: Optical Modulation (Photoreflectance) Studies: The structural and optical properties of chalcopyrite single crystals and monocrystalline epitaxial layers have been analyzed by Optical Modulation Techniques. Photoreflectance has been applied at room and low temperatures to quantify elastic strain effects, to determine compositional changes, and to exploit the light interaction probability of ternary (CuGaSe2, CuInSe2, CuGaS2, CuInS2) and quaternary (CuIn1 xGaxSe2) chalcopyrite absorbers with applications in solar cell device technology. With respect to bulk chalcopyrites, epitaxially grown layers exhibit lower crystal quality because of elastic strain effects evolving in semiconductor heterostructures. The mismatch and thermal strain calculated from the energy shift of the PR spectra have been compared to strain values obtained by X ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The dependence of electronic transitions on the polarization state of the excitation light beam and the dependence of chalcopyrite transition energies on anion/cation replacement and temperature has been found in both, bulk crystals and epitaxial layers, to be in agreement with theoretical predictions. The band gap of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors, bulk and epitaxially grown selenides CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2, has been studied over a wide temperature
author_names: Konstantina Anestou

Konstantinos Anestou
title: Development and characterization of chalcopyrite based thin film solar cells for photovoltaic technology applications
year: 2011

abstract: Human need for renewable energy resources leads to invention of renewable energy sources such as Solar Cells (SCs) Historically, the first SCs were built from inorganic materials. Although the efficiency of such conventional solar cells is high, very expensive materials and energy intensive processing techniques are required. In comparison with the conventional scheme, the hybrid Si based SC system has advantages such as; (1) Higher charging current and longer timescale, which make the hybrid system have improved performances and be able to full charge a storage battery with larger capacity during a daytime so as to power the load for a longer time; (2) much more cost effective, which makes the cost for the hybrid PV system reduced by at least 15%(Wu et al. 2005) Thus, hybrid SCs can be a cheap alternative for conventional SCs. One type of hybrid SCs is a combination of both organic and inorganic materials which combines the unique properties of inorganic semiconductors with the film forming properties of conjugated polymers. Organic materials are inexpensive, easily processable, enabling lightweight devices and their functionality can be tailored by molecular design and chemical synthesis. On the other hand, inorganic semiconductors can be manufactured as nanoparticles and inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles offer the advantage of having high absorption coefficients, size tenability and stability. By varying the size of nanoparticles the bandgap can be tuned therefore the absorption range can be tailored (Gunes Sariciftci, 2008) These kinds of hybrid SCs based on organic inorganic materials are fabricated by using different concepts such as solid state dye sensitized SCs and hybrid SCs using Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) concept such as TiOx(Hal et al. 2003) ZnO (Beek et al. 2006) CdSe (Alivisatos, 1996; Huynh et al. 2002) Cds (Greenham et al. 1996) PbS (McDonald et al.,2005) and CuInS2. Another generation of hybrid SCs are silicon based modules due to the direct bandgap and high efficiency of Si. This system includes SC module consisting of crystalline and amorphous silicon based SCs. The methods for enhancing the efficiencies in these types of hybrid SCs such as applying textured structures for front and back contacts as well as implementing an intermediate reflecting layer (IRL) between the individual cells of the tandem will be discussed (Meillaud et al. 2011) This chapter brings out an overview of principle and working of hybrid SCs consisting of HJ SCs which is itself devided into two groups, first organic inorganic
author_names: Hossein Movla

Foozieh Sohrabi

Arash Nikniazi

Mohammad Reza Soltanpour

Khadijeh Khalili
title: Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Silicon
year: 2011

abstract: The development of hybrid inorganic/organic thin film solar cells on flexible, lightweight, space qualified, durable substrates provides an attractive solution for fabricating solar arrays with high mass specific power (W/kg) Next generation thin film technologies may well involve a revolutionary change in materials to organic based devices. The high volume, low cost fabrication potential of organic cells will allow for square miles of solar cell production at one tenth the cost of conventional inorganic materials. Plastic solar cells take a minimum of storage space and can be inflated or unrolled for deployment. We will explore a cross section of in house and sponsored research efforts that aim to provide new hybrid technologies that include both inorganic and polymer materials as active and substrate materials. Research at University of Texas at Arlington focuses on the fabrication and use of poly(isothianaphthene 3,6 diyl) in solar cells. We describe efforts at Norfolk State University to design, synthesize and characterize block copolymers. A collaborative team between EIC Laboratories, Inc. and the University of Florida is investigating multijunction polymer solar cells to more effectively utilize solar radiation. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI) group has undertaken a thermal analysis of potential metallized substrates as well as production of nanoparticles of CuInS2 and CuInSe2 in good yield at moderate temperatures via decomposition of single source precursors. Finally, preliminary work at the Rochester Institute of Technology (R.I.T. to assess the impact on performance of solar cells of temperature and carbon nanotubes is reported. Technologies that must be developed to enable ultra lightweight solar arrays include: monolithic interconnects, lightweight array structures, and new ultra light support and deployment mechanisms. For NASA applications, any solar cell or array technology must not only meet weight and AMO efficiency goals, but also must be durable enough to survive launch conditions and space environments.
author_names: Aloysius F Hepp

Jeremiah S Mcnatt

Sheila G Bailey

John Ellis Dickman

Ryne P Raffaelle

Brian J Landi

Annick Anctil

Roberta A DiLeo

Michael H -C Jin

Chun-Young Lee

Theresa J Friske

Sam S Sun

Cheng Zhang

Sung-Dae Choi

Abram J Ledbetter

Kang Deuk Seo

Carl E Bonner

Kulbinder K Banger

Stephanie L Castro

David Rauh
title: Ultra Lightweight Hybrid Thin Film Solar Cells: A Survey of Enabling Technologies for Space Power Applications
year: 2007