Search query: energy storage configuration

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abstract: This letter proposes a new three level dc/dc converter configuration for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in dc microgrids. It effectively integrates different energy storage devices (ESDs) such as battery and ultracapacitor (UC) using one converter with bidirectional power flow. Furthermore, the proposed converter provides the flexibility of independent regulation of different ESDs with significantly reduced inductor current ripple due to the availability of three voltage levels. The voltage ratings of power semiconductors employed in this converter are also reduced. To further enhance the performance of HESS, a constant switching frequency based model predictive current control is employed for HESS regulation. The design guideline and operating principle of the proposed converter are discussed. Experimental results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed converter and control.
author_names: Xinan Zhang

Benfei Wang

Ujjal Manandhar

Hoay Beng Gooi

Gilbert Hock Beng Foo
title: A Model Predictive Current Controlled Bidirectional Three Level DC/DC Converter for Hybrid Energy Storage System in DC Microgrids
venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
year: 2019

abstract: As the wind power capacity increases, the effect of wind power fluctuations on the system stability becomes more significant. Despite its high costs, utilizing energy storage resources such as batteries is inevitable in the smoothing process of wind power fluctuations. In a wind power plant, the place where batteries are located has considerable direct effect on their required capacity and thus on the initial investment cost. Therefore, in this paper a suitable configuration which significantly reduces the batteries investment cost is proposed and then the wind power fluctuation of a large wind power plant connected to a smart distribution grid is smoothed. Additionally, existing configurations for installing batteries in large wind power plants are investigated. The proposed configuration utilizes smart parks as aggregated storage resources in load side and an aggregated battery energy storage system with limited capacity in plant side as well. Therefore, in addition to accurate smoothing of wind power fluctuations, the energy storage investment cost is reduced significantly utilizing the proposed configuration. Simulation studies in MATLAB software package are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed approach.
author_names: Mohammad Javad Jannati

Seyed Hossein Hosseinian

Behrooz Vahidi

Guojie Li
title: A survey on energy storage resources configurations in order to propose an optimum configuration for smoothing fluctuations of future large wind power plants
year: 2014

abstract: A hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) comprises of photovoltaic (PV) and self charging fuel cells (SCFC) is designed for securing electrical energy required to operate brackish water pumping (BWP) and reverse osmosis desalination (RO) plant of 150 m3 d 1 for irrigation purposes in remote areas. An optimal configuration of the proposed design is determined based on minimum cost of energy (COE) and the minimum total net present cost (NPC) Moreover, a comparison with a stand alone diesel generation (DG) or grid extension is carried out against the optimal configuration of PV/SCFC HRES. The modeling, simulation, and techno economic evaluation of the different proposed systems, including the PV/SCFC system are done using HOMER software. Results show that PV array (66 kW) FC (9 kW) converter (25 KW) Electrolyzer (15 kW) Hydrogen cylinder (70 kg) are the viable economic option with a total NPC of $115,649 and $0.062 unit cost of electricity. The COE for the stand alone DG system is 0.206 /kWh, which is 69.90% higher than that of the PV/SCFC system. The PV/SCFC system is cheaper than grid extension. This study opens the way for using a fuel cell as an effective method for solving the energy intermittence/storage problems of renewable energy sources.
author_names: Hegazy Rezk

Enas Taha Sayed

Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah

Mustafa N Obaid

Abou-Hashema Mustafa El-Sayed

Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem

A G Olabi
title: Fuel cell as an effective energy storage in reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by photovoltaic system
venue: Energy
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract New advances in compressed air energy storage systems have been recently made especially regarding the use of heat generated from compression. On this basis, the concept of the trigenerative compressed air energy storage (T CAES) has recently been proposed. Many studies highlighted the feasibility and the benefits of this system to be placed close to the energy demand. The aim of this study is to examine a simple configuration of this system by a coupled experimental/modelling approach. This paper presents a detailed thermodynamic model of both the main components and the whole system. An experimental bench is used to validate the model and to investigate the effect of the operating parameters on the system efficiency and the model accuracy. The model predictions are consistent with the experimental measurements during the charge, storage and discharge phases. It has been found that the temperature drop across the pressure regulator should not be ignored and is governed by the Joule Thomson effect. Besides, it has been observed that the input temperature of the air motor must be accounted for in the assessment of future improved configurations. It was noted that the system efficiency increases significantly by adding the cooling and heating potentials. However, the round trip efficiency remains low at 15.6% Output values of the model are in good agreement with the experimental results with an error less than 13.2% The model can be applied as a basis for the performance assessment of prospective configurations and improvements of trigenerative compressed air energy storage.
author_names: Mohamad Cheayb

Mylene Marin Gallego

Mohand Tazerout

Sebastien Poncet
title: Modelling and experimental validation of a small scale trigenerative compressed air energy storage system
venue: Applied Energy
year: 2019

abstract: The interconnection between a renewable power generation facility and a power grid poses challenges because of volatility and intermittent characteristics. Energy storage is one of the best solutions for this problem. This paper presents an integrated energy storage system (ESS) based on hydrogen storage, and hydrogen oxygen combined cycle, wherein energy efficiency in the range of 49% 55% can be achieved. The proposed integrated ESS and other means of energy storage are compared. The results show that the proposed integrated system cannot be constrained by geological conditions and availability of materials, and appears to be an appropriate tool for the development of renewable power. Moreover, a case study is conducted for a special wind power plant with a nominal power of 100 MW and that generates electricity of 225 GWh/y. The integrated system is designed based on the daily wind load. Energy efficiency and preliminary economic comparison studies for the integrated system operated in two modes show that up to 50% average net efficiency of the integrated ESS can be achieved and that the integrated ESS can stabilize the intermittent wind power. Therefore, the integrated ESS can be useful to mitigate the bottleneck of renewable power development.
author_names: Dan Gao

Dongfang Jiang

Pei Liu

Zheng Li

Sangao Hu

Hong Xu
title: An integrated energy storage system based on hydrogen storage: Process configuration and case studies with wind power
year: 2014

abstract: With the continuously increasing of wind power penetration level in the power system,it is important to alleviate the adverse impacts of wind power fluctuations to the power system operation.As such,the integration of the energy storage system(ESS)at the wind turbine or wind farm level to mitigate the wind power fluctuations becomes an important research topic.This paper describes the existing demonstration projects in which ESS is applied to mitigate wind power fluctuations.Four important issues about the application of ESS are then discussed,including the selection of energy storage technologies,the power and capacity configuration of ESS,the control method of fluctuation mitigation,and the energy management of ESS.Finally,major technical problems and future research topics are discussed and recommended.
author_names: Wang Haijia
title: An Overview of Control and Configuration of Energy Storage System Used for Wind Power Fluctuation Mitigation
year: 2014

abstract: Energy storage is becoming increasingly important with the rising need to accommodate the energy needs of a greater population. Energy storage is especially important with intermittent sources such as solar and wind. Flywheel energy storage systems store kinetic energy by constantly spinning a compact rotor in a low friction environment. When short term back up power is required as a result of utility power loss or fluctuations, the rotor's inertia allows it to continue spinning and the resulting kinetic energy is converted to electricity. Unlike fossil fuel power plants and batteries, the flywheel based energy storage systems do not emit any harmful byproducts during their operation and have attracted interest recently. A typical flywheel system is comprised of an energy storage rotor, a motor generator system, bearings, power electronics, controls, and a containment housing. Conventional outer flywheel designs have a large diameter energy storage rotor attached to a smaller diameter section which is used as a motor/generator. The cost to build and maintain such a system can be substantial. This paper presents a unique concept design for a 1 kW h inside out integrated flywheel energy storage system. The flywheel operates at a nominal speed of 40,000 rpm. This design can potentially scale up for higher energy storage capacity. It uses a single composite rotor to perform the functions of energy storage. The flywheel design incorporates a five axis active magnetic bearing system. The flywheel is also encased in a double layered housing to ensure safe operation. Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IBGT) based power electronics are adopted as well. The design targets cost savings from reduced material and manufacturing costs. This paper focuses on the rotor design, the active magnetic bearing design, the associated rotordynamics, and a preliminary closed loop controller.
author_names: Arunvel Kailasan

Timothy W Dimond

Paul E Allaire

David Sheffler
title: Design and Analysis of a Unique Energy Storage Flywheel System An Integrated Flywheel, Motor/Generator, and Magnetic Bearing Configuration
year: 2015

abstract: In allusion to the negative influences of distributed generations(DG) connected to regional distribution network on load characteristics, synthetically considering charging/discharging power constraints and operation constraint of battery energy storage system(BESS) as well as power flow balance constraint of distribution network, an optimal configuration model of energy storage system based on load optimization control is proposed. Taking peak load shaving and load smoothing as load control objectives respectively, three optimization strategies for peak load shaving such as controlling peak valley difference of load, controlling load variance and controlling load rate, as well as three optimization strategies for load smoothing such as controlling load variation, controlling the square of load variation and controlling load variation rate are put forward, and combining with the cost optimization of energy storage devices, the proposed model is solved by two stage particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm. Results of example simulation show that the controlling load variance is the most effective measure for peak load shaving and the controlling the square of load variation is the most effective one for load smoothing. Besides, the optimization tendency of load characteristic and the variation tendency of optimal configuration of energy storage capacity under different charging/discharging power constraints of energy storage system, which is available for reference to the configuration of energy storage system, are obtained.
author_names: Yan Yuqin
title: Configuration of Energy Storage Devices in Regional Distribution Network Considering Optimal Load Control
year: 2015

abstract: This paper proposes a new configuration and its control strategy for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based photovoltaic (PV) battery energy storage (BES) system. In the MMC based PV BES system, each PV submodule is interfaced from its dc side with multiple PV generators using isolated dual active bridge (DAB) dc dc converters. One BES system is embedded into each arm of the converter and is connected to the dc port of the associated BES submodule using multiple isolated DAB converters. The embedded BES systems are used to smooth the output power of the PV generators and limit the rate of change of the power delivered to the host grid. Moreover, they enable compensation of power mismatches between the arms and legs of the system by exchanging power with the arms of the converter. This paper then proposes a hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy using a combination of power exchange with the arms of the converter and internal power flow control of the MMC. The proposed hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy employs BES systems and differential currents to compensate power mismatches and transfer power between the arms and legs of the converter, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed power smoothing technique using the embedded BES systems and hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy is demonstrated using time domain simulations conducted on a switched model of the PV BES system in PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
author_names: Hasan Bayat

Amirnaser Yazdani
title: A Hybrid MMC Based Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System
venue: IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal
year: 2019

abstract: Transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) a burgeoning group of two dimensional (2D) layer structure compounds, have multiple merits such as high electrical conductivity, tunable layer structure, small band gap, and functionalized redox active surface, which are receiving significant attention and regarded as one of the most promising energy storage materials. The synthesis methods, structural configuration, and surface chemistry of MXenes directly influence their performance. This review focuses on interfacial structure design and functionalization of MXenes and MXene based energy storage materials and the effect of structural configuration and surface chemistry on their electrochemical performance. Additionally, the structure property relationships between interfacial structure, functional group, interlayer spacing and the corresponding energy storage performance are summarized in detail. Finally, light is shed on the perspectives for the future research direction of advanced MXenes based energy storage materials with significantly scientific and technical challenges.
author_names: Ruyi Fang

Chengwei Lu

Anqi Chen

Kun Wang

Hui Huang

Yongping Gan

Chu Liang

Jingwen Zhang

Xinyong Tao

Yang Xia

Wenkui Zhang
title: Two Dimensional MXene Based Energy Storage Materials: Interfacial Structure Design and Functionalization.
venue: ChemSusChem
year: 2019