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abstract: A digital closed loop system design of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) is proposed in this paper. Vibration models with non ideal factors are provided based on the structure characteristics and operation mode of the sensing element. The DRG operates in force balance mode with four control loops. A closed self excited loop realizes stable vibration amplitude on the basis of peak detection technology and phase control loop. Force to rebalance technology is employed for the closed sense loop. A high frequency carrier loaded on an anchor weakens the effect of parasitic capacitances coupling. The signal detected by the charge amplifier is demodulated and converted into a digital output for subsequent processing. Considering compatibility with digital circuits and output precision demands, a low passband sigma delta (SD) analog to digital converter (ADC) is implemented with a 111.8dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) The analog front end and digital closed self excited loop is manufactured with a standard 0.35 um complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The experimental results show a bias instability of 2.1 deg/h and a nonlinearity of 0.035% over the 400deg full scale range.
author_names: Yihang Wang

Q Fu

Yufeng Zhang

Wenbo Zhang

Dongliang Chen

Liang Yin

Xiao-wei Liu
title: A Digital Closed Loop Sense MEMS Disk Resonator Gyroscope Circuit Design Based on Integrated Analog Front end
venue: Sensors
year: 2020

abstract: The EM SD (electromechanical sigma delta) approach is a concise and efficient way to realize the digital interface for micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers. However, including a fixed MEMS element makes the synthesizing of the EM SD loop an intricate problem. The loop parameters of EM SD can not be directly mapped from existing electrical SD modulator, and the synthesizing problem relies an experience dependent trail and error procedure. In this paper, we provide a new point of view to consider the EM SD loop. The EM SD loop is analyzed in detail from aspects of the signal loop, displacement modulation path and digital quantization loop. By taking a separate consideration of the signal loop and quantization noise loop, the design strategy is made clear and straightforward. On this basis, a discrete time PID (proportional integral differential) loop compensator is introduced which enhances the in band loop gain and suppresses the displacement modulation path, and hence, achieves better performance in system linearity and stability. A fifth order EM SD accelerometer system was designed and fabricated using 0.35 mm CMOS BCD technology. Based on proposed architecture and synthesizing procedure, the design effort was saved, and the in band performance, linearity and stability were improved. A noise floor of 1 mg/Hz, with a bandwidth 1 kHz and a dynamic range of 140 dB was achieved.
author_names: Dongliang Chen

Liang Yin

Q Fu

Wenbo Zhang

Yihang Wang

Guorui Zhang

Yufeng Zhang

Xiao-wei Liu
title: A Straightforward Approach for Synthesizing Electromechanical Sigma Delta MEMS Accelerometers
venue: Sensors
year: 2020

abstract: Objective To find out whether we can get the optimality in the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by combing the pressure parameters in mechanical ventilation with traditional PaO2/FiO2. Methods This is a retrospective study. Patients included here were diagnosed as ARDS in the Emergency Unit (EICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from January 2018 to December 2018. All the patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Patients with a short observation time 48 h) or unable to cooperate with treatment were excluded. According to the patient's 28 day survival, patients were divided into the survival and non survival groups. Parameters in the two groups such as basic characteristics, SOFA score, non respiratory system SOFA score (nR SOFA) and PaO2/FiO2 were analyzed with LSD t test or rank sum test. Simultaneously, plateau pressure, driving pressure, mean airway pressure and the ratio of these mechanical ventilation pressure parameters to the PaO2/FiO2 were also analyzed. Results A total of 147 patients were included in the study and 117 of them were analyzed. The overall 28 day mortality was 31.62% (n=37) There were no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, initial arterial oxygen partial pressure and carbon dioxide partial pressure between the survival group and non survival groups (P >0.05) But there was a significant difference in SOFA score(6.53 2.96 vs 8.65 3.00) and nR SOFA(3.44 2.98 vs 5.27 2.86) Among the evaluation indexes, the PPOI obtained the AUC of 0.828, with the sensitivity of 86.5% and specificity of 71.2%.The AUC of the SOFA score was 0.707, while the AUC of the PPOI combined with the SOFA score was 0.833. Conclusion Mechanical ventilation pressure parameters can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with ARDS. PPOI may evaluate the prognosis of ARDS in a more simple, timely and real time manner. Key words: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Plateau pressure; Driving pressure; Mean airway pressure; Plateau pressure oxygenation index; Prognosis
author_names: Wenbo Zhang

Yu Jiang

Xiao-wei Liu
title: Investigation of mechanical ventilation pressure parameters' effect on the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome
year: 2020

abstract: This paper presents a low [Formula: see text] noise CMOS single ended output instrumentation amplifier (IA) for tunneling magnetic resistance (TMR) sensors. For high DC gain and linearity, the amplifier employs three stage current feedback topology. For high CMRR and PSRR, the first two stages employ fully differential input. To maintain stability and lower the power dissipation, the amplifier employs trans conductance with capacitance feedback compensation (TCFC) topology. The amplifier employs chopping technology and continuous time AC coupled ripple reduction loop to reduce [Formula: see text] noise and chopping ripple. The whole chip is fabricated using 0.35 [Formula: see text]m CMOS BCD technology and the total area is 1 mm2. Test result shows an input referred noise power spectral density (PSD) of 14 nV/[Formula: see text] is achieved with 1 Hz [Formula: see text] corner. The bandwidth is larger than 50 kHz [Formula: see text] with 20 pF load capacitor. The total current is 300 [Formula: see text]A at 5 V supply.
author_names: Wenbo Zhang

Weiping Chen

Liang Yin

Q Fu

Xinpeng Di

Yufeng Zhang

Xiao-wei Liu
title: A low noise CMOS instrumentation amplifier for TMR effect based magnetic sensors
year: 2021

abstract: In this paper, a detailed analysis of the influence of phase noise on the micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) is presented. Firstly, a new time varying phase noise model for the gyroscope is established, which explains how the drive loop circuit noise converts into phase noise. Different from previous works, the time varying phase noise model in this paper is established in mechanical domain, which gain more physical insight into the origin of the phase noise in gyroscope. Furthermore, the impact of phase noise on DRG is derived, which shows how the phase noise affects angular velocity measurement. The analysis shows that, in MEMS DRG, the phase noise, together with other non ideal factors such as direct excitation of secondary resonator, may cause a low frequency noise in the output of the gyroscope system and affect the bias stability of the gyroscope. Finally, numerical simulations and experiment tests are designed to prove the theories above.
author_names: Wenbo Zhang

Weiping Chen

Liang Yin

Xinpeng Di

Dongliang Chen

Q Fu

Yufeng Zhang

Xiao-wei Liu
title: Study of the Influence of Phase Noise on the MEMS Disk Resonator Gyroscope Interface Circuit
venue: Sensors
year: 2020

abstract: BackgroundThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the 100 worst invasive species in the world. As one of the most important crop pests and virus vectors, B. tabaci causes substantial crop losses and poses a serious threat to global food security.ResultsWe report the 615 Mb high quality genome sequence of B. tabaci Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) the first genome sequence in the Aleyrodidae family, which contains 15,664 protein coding genes. The B. tabaci genome is highly divergent from other sequenced hemipteran genomes, sharing no detectable synteny. A number of known detoxification gene families, including cytochrome P450s and UDP glucuronosyltransferases, are significantly expanded in B. tabaci. Other expanded gene families, including cathepsins, large clusters of tandemly duplicated B. tabaci specific genes, and phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins (PEBPs) were found to be associated with virus acquisition and transmission and/or insecticide resistance, likely contributing to the global invasiveness and efficient virus transmission capacity of B. tabaci. The presence of 142 horizontally transferred genes from bacteria or fungi in the B. tabaci genome, including genes encoding hopanoid/sterol synthesis and xenobiotic detoxification enzymes that are not present in other insects, offers novel insights into the unique biological adaptations of this insect such as polyphagy and insecticide resistance. Interestingly, two adjacent bacterial pantothenate biosynthesis genes, panB and panC, have been co transferred into B. tabaci and fused into a single gene that has acquired introns during its evolution.ConclusionsThe B. tabaci genome contains numerous genetic novelties, including expansions in gene families associated with insecticide resistance, detoxification and virus transmission, as well as numerous horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi. We believe these novelties likely have shaped B. tabaci as a highly invasive polyphagous crop pest and efficient vector of plant viruses. The genome serves as a reference for resolving the B. tabaci cryptic species complex, understanding fundamental biological novelties, and providing valuable genetic information to assist the development of novel strategies for controlling whiteflies and the viruses they transmit.
author_names: Wenbo Chen

Daniel K Hasegawa

Navneet Kaur

Adi Kliot

Patricia V Pinheiro

Junbo Luan

Marcus Stensmyr

Yi Zheng

Wenli Liu

Honghe Sun

Yimin Xu

Yuan Luo

Angela Kruse

Xiaowei Yang

Svetlana Kontsedalov

Galina Lebedev

Tonja W Fisher

David R Nelson

Wayne B Hunter

Judith K Brown

Georg Jander

M Cilia

Angela E Douglas

Murad Ghanim

Alvin M Simmons

William M Wintermantel

Kai-Shu Ling

Zhangjun Fei
title: The draft genome of whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, a global crop pest, provides novel insights into virus transmission, host adaptation, and insecticide resistance
venue: BMC Biology
year: 2016

abstract: This paper proposes an interface application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscopes. A closed self excited drive loop is employed for automatic amplitude stabilization based on peak detection and proportion integration (PI) controller. A nonlinear multiplier terminating the drive loop is designed for rapid resonance oscillation and linearity improvement. Capacitance variation induced by mechanical motion is detected by a differential charge amplifier in sense mode. After phase demodulation and low pass filtering an analog signal indicating the input angular velocity is obtained. Non idealities are further suppressed by on chip temperature drift calibration. In order for better compatibility with digital circuitry systems, a low passband incremental zoom sigma delta (SD) analog to digital converter (ADC) is implemented for digital output. Manufactured in a standard 0.35 mm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the whole interface occupies an active area of 3.2 mm2. Experimental results show a bias instability of 2.2 deg/h and a nonlinearity of 0.016% over the full scale range.
author_names: Risheng Lv

Q Fu

Liang Yin

Yuan Gao

Wei Bai

Wenbo Zhang

Yufeng Zhang

Weiping Chen

Xiao-wei Liu
title: An Interface ASIC for MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes with Nonlinear Driving Control
venue: Micromachines
year: 2019

abstract: Growing evidence indicates that microRNA (miRNA) plays a vital role in progression and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) However, the underlying mechanism of miRNA mediated metastasis has not been fully understood. Recently, miRNA 940 (miR 940) was found to be overexpressed in GC, which correlated with malignant progression and poor survival. Mechanistically, we found that miR 940 promoted GC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in vivo by directly and functionally repressing the expression of Zinc Finger Transcription Factor 24 (ZNF24) Importantly, upregulation of ZNF24 could re inhibit miR 940 induced migration and invasion. Hence, we demonstrated the oncogenic role of miR 940 in GC, finding that miR 940 promoted GC progression by directly downregulating ZNF24 expression, and targeting miR 940 could serve as a novel strategy for future GC therapy.
author_names: Xinyang Liu

Xiaoxiao Ge

Zhe Zhang

Xiaowei Zhang

Jinjia Chang

Zheng Wu

Wenbo Tang

Lu Gan

Menghong Sun

Jin Li
title: MicroRNA 940 promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by downregulating ZNF24 in gastric cancer
venue: Oncotarget
year: 2015

abstract: Mercury (Hg) is readily bioaccumulated in seafood, a common ingredient in indigenous cuisines throughout the world. This study investigates Hg speciation in cooked seafood after gastric and intestinal digestion. The results showed that the removal of Hg by washing was negligible. Additionally, the results of our calculations regarding the mass balance of Hg concentration indicated that cooking reduced Hg mainly by means of volatilization and that Hg2+ was more readily reduced than MeHg. Moreover, cooking lowered the bioaccessibility of Hg in seafood: the reduced percent of bioaccessible Hg2+ after cooking ranged from 2 to 35% (on average, 16% The corresponding numbers were slightly lower compared with those for MeHg (on average, 19% Furthermore, there might be a chemical transformation of Hg during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The results of in vivo tests in laboratory mice suggested that methylation of Hg mainly took place in the gastric tract, whereas demethylation of Hg occurred primarily during intestinal digestion. These findings indicate that the bioaccessibility of Hg2+ and MeHg was not only related to their initial concentrations in the food samples, but also that further studies on the mechanisms of Hg demethylation and methylation during gastrointestinal digestion are essential for more realistic risk assessments.
author_names: Wen Liao

Guang Wang

Wenbo Zhao

Meng Zhang

Ye Wu

Xiaowei Liu

Kaiming Li
title: Change in mercury speciation in seafood after cooking and gastrointestinal digestion.
venue: Journal of hazardous materials
year: 2019

abstract: Our aim was to identify plasma microRNA (miRNA) based signatures to predict 3 year postoperative recurrence risk for patients with stage II and III gastric cancer (GC) so as to provide insights for individualized adjuvant therapy. Plasma miRNA expression was investigated in three phases, involving 407 patients recruited from three centers. ABI miRNA microarray and TaqMan Low Density Array were adopted in the discovery phase to identify potential miRNAs. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of selected miRNAs. Logistic regression models were constructed in the training set (n 170) and validated in the validation set (n 169) Receiver operating characteristic analyses, survival analyses and subgroup analyses were further used to assess the accuracy of the models. We identified a 7 miRNA classifier and 7miR pathological factors index that provided high predictive accuracy of GC recurrence (area under the curve 0.725 and 0.841 in the training set; and 0.627 and 0.771 in the validation set) High risk patients defined by the signatures had significantly shorter disease free survival and overall survival than low risk patients. The 7 miRNA classifier is an independent prognostic factor, and could add predictive value to traditional prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses revealed the satisfactory performance persisted regardless of stage, and the two models both displayed high accuracy in stage IIA patients. In conclusion, identified microRNA signature may potentially provide some additional benefit for prediction of disease recurrence in patients with stage II and III GC.
author_names: Xinyang Liu

Xiaowei Zhang

Zhe Zhang

Jinjia Chang

Zhichao Wang

Zheng Wu

Chenchen Wang

Zuojun Sun

Xiaoxiao Ge

Ruixuan Geng

Wenbo Tang

Congqi Dai

Ying Lin

Fengjuan Lin

Menghong Sun

Weihua Jia

Wenqiong Xue

Jiafu Ji

Ying Hu

Guoyou Qin

Jin Li
title: Plasma microRNA based signatures to predict 3 year postoperative recurrence risk for stage II and III gastric cancer
venue: International journal of cancer
year: 2017