Search query: species distribution diagram manganes

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abstract: In this work, the methodology for obtaining the species distribution diagrams for depositing semiconductor films by chemical bath is discussed. The species distribution diagrams are useful for predicting the physicochemical conditions for achieving major control for materials deposition. By using ZnCl2 or ZnSO4, KOH, NH4NO3 and SC(NH2)2 as chemical reagents for the bath, as well as the most prob bly chemical r actions betw en th se chemical reagents, a range of deposition temperature (from 25 to 90 degC) and the different species formed by these reagents concentrations, the species distribution diagrams as a function of the pH were obtained. By using the species diagrams, thin films were deposited under different conditions in order to highlight their importance to obtain ZnS, ZnO and Zn(OH)2thin films with better optical and structural qualities. The results indicate that the better conditions for obtaining the high quality films can change with the bath temperature and with the concentrations of the chemical reagents.
author_names: Andres Ivan Oliva

P E Martin-Varguez

I J Gonzalez-Panzo

I J Gonzalez-Chan
title: POR BANO QUIMICO ROLE OF THE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM IN THE THIN SEMICONDUCTOR LAYERS DEPOSITION BY CHEMICAL BATH
year: 2016

abstract: Tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) transmit human and animal trypanosomoses in Africa, respectively a neglected human disease (sleeping sickness) and the most important constraint to cattle production in infested countries (nagana) We recently developed a methodology to map landscape friction (i.e. resistance to movement) for tsetse in West Africa. The goal was to identify natural barriers to tsetse dispersal, and potentially isolated tsetse populations for targeting elimination programmes. Most species distribution models neglect landscape functional connectivity whereas environmental factors affecting suitability or abundance are not necessarily the same as those influencing gene flows. Geographic distributions of a given species can be seen as the intersection between biotic (B) abiotic (A) and movement (M) factors (BAM diagram) Here we show that the suitable habitat for Glossina palpalis gambiensis as modelled by Maxent can be corrected by landscape functional connectivity (M) extracted from our friction analysis. This procedure did not degrade the specificity of the distribution model (P=0.751) whereas the predicted distribution area was reduced. The added value of this approach is that it reveals unconnected habitat patches. The approach we developed on tsetse to inform landscape connectivity (M) is reproducible and does not rely on expert knowledge. It can be applied to any species: we call for a generalization of the use of M to improve distribution models.
author_names: Jeremy Bouyer

Renaud Lancelot
title: Using genetic data to improve species distribution models.
venue: Infection, genetics and evolution journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract A physicochemical analysis was carried out on the chemically deposited ZnS/glass thin films. Solutions were prepared by considering the better chemical conditions obtained from the solubility curves (SCs) and the species distribution diagrams (SDDs) for the ZnCl2 NH4NO3 KOH SC(NH2)2 system. The range of pH from 11.73 to 12.47 is proposed as a chemical condition obtained from the SCs and SDDs. The effects of these conditions on the structural, optical, morphological and stoichiometric properties of the films deposited at 70 degC were analyzed by x ray diffraction (XRD) UV Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) XRD results show a main cubic crystalline structure (sphalerite) with (111) orientation, while the bandgap energy of the samples increases value from 3.44 eV to 3.72 eV with the increased pH. XPS technique evidenced a reduction of the Zn(OH)2 compound while the [Zn][S] ratio improved when the pH increased. SEM images allowed observing homogeneous surfaces and coalescence of grains on the surface of films.
author_names: A I Trejo-Ramos

I J Gonzalez-Chan

Andres Ivan Oliva
title: Physical properties of chemically deposited ZnS thin films: Role of the solubility curves and species distribution diagrams
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Thiosulphate, as an environmentally friendly lixiviant, is currently identified as the most promising alternative to cyanide for the extraction of gold from ores in sensitive locations. The Cu(II) ammine complexes acts as the catalytic oxidant to increase the thiosulphate leaching rate of gold, which also causes an undesirable high consumption of thiosulphate. Due to the complex solution chemistry of Cu NH3 S2O32 H2O system, fundamentally supported mechanisms to justify the catalytic effects and the consumption of thiosulphate are yet to be developed. Thermodynamic analysis offers essential information on which chemical species that could form and how these species influence the solution chemistry under various conditions. In this paper, predominance area and species distribution diagrams for gold leaching in the Cu NH3 S2O32 H2O system were constructed from a series of calculations using updated thermodynamic data. The diagrams reveal insights into the thermodynamics of gold dissolution, thiosulphate stability and redox behaviour of Cu(II)/Cu(I) couples. Analysis of the results presented in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the complex thiosulphate leach solution chemistry that allows for a better understanding on the relationships between the redox behaviour of Cu(II)/Cu(I) couples and the behaviours of gold leaching and thiosulphate decomposition.
author_names: Xiaolian Liu

Tao Jiang

Bin Xu

Qian Li

Yongbin Yang

Yinghe He
title: Thiosulphate leaching of gold in the Cu NH3 S2O32 H2O system: An updated thermodynamic analysis using predominance area and species distribution diagrams
year: 2020

abstract: We tested four machine learning methods for their performance in the classification of mosquito species occurrence related to weather variables: support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression and decision tree. The objective was to find a method which showed the most accurate model for the prediction of the potential geographical distribution of Aedes japonicus japonicus, an invasive mosquito species in Germany.
author_names: Linus Fruh

Helge Kampen

Antje Kerkow

Gunter A Schaub

Doreen Walther

Ralf Wieland
title: Modelling the potential distribution of an invasive mosquito species: comparative evaluation of four machine learning methods and their combinations
year: 2018

abstract: Species distribution models (SDMs) are an important tool in biogeography and phylogeography studies, that most often require explicit absence information to adequately model the environmental space on which species can potentially inhabit. In the so called background pseudo absences approach, absence locations are simulated in order to obtain a complete sample of the environment. Whilst the commonest approach is random sampling of the entire study region, in its multiple variants, its performance may not be optimal, and the method of generation of pseudo absences is known to have a significant influence on the results obtained. Here, we compare a suite of classic (random sampling) and novel methods for pseudo absence data generation and propose a generalizable three step method combining environmental profiling with a new technique for background extent restriction. To this aim, we consider 11 phylogenetic groups of Oak (Quercus sp. described in Europe. We evaluate the influence of different pseudo absence types on model performance (area under the ROC curve) calibration (reliability diagrams) and the resulting suitability maps, using a cross validation approach. Regardless of the modelling algorithm used, random sampling models were outperformed by the methods that incorporate environmental profiling of the background, stressing the importance of the pseudo absence generation techniques for the development of accurate and reliable SDMs. We also provide an integrated modelling framework implementing the methods tested in a software package for the open source R environment.
author_names: Maialen Iturbide

Joaquin Bedia

Sixto Herrera

Oscar del Hierro

Manuel Joao Pinto

Jose Manuel Gutierrez
title: A framework for species distribution modelling with improved pseudo absence generation
year: 2015

abstract: We consider a finite one dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with four types of particles, {1,0,\bar{1} in contact with reservoirs. Particles of species $0$ can neither enter nor exit the lattice, and those of species are constrained to lie at the first and last site. Particles of species $1$ enter from the left reservoir into either the first or second site, move rightwards, and leave from either the last or penultimate site. Conversely, particles of species \bar{1} enter from the right reservoir into either the last or penultimate site, move leftwards, and leave from either the first or last site. This dynamics is motivated by a natural random walk on the Weyl group of type D. We compute the exact nonequilibrium steady state distribution using a matrix ansatz building on earlier work of Arita. We then give explicit formulas for the nonequilibrium partition function as well as densities and currents of all species in the steady state, and derive the phase diagram.
author_names: Erik Aas

Arvind Ayyer

Svante Linusson

Samu Potka
title: The exact phase diagram for a semipermeable TASEP with nonlocal boundary jumps
venue: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
year: 2019

abstract: Results of application of different approaches to the data visualization during the study of alien plant species have been analyzed and summarized, and the prospects of their use for different purposes have been evaluated. The existing experience in the study of alien plant species shows that traditional methods used to analyze their composition and distribution patterns in different regions are informative only for determining the main tendencies reflecting global processes of a phytobiota synanthropization. At the same time, new state of art methods are required to reveal the latent patterns of plant migration and the processes of their naturalization. The most promising approaches to analyzing large volumes of data are multivariate statistical methods. The potential of these methods is determined by their capability to identify relationships between a wide range of floristic and biological data and environmental characteristics, which can be visualized. These methods allow us to present different data in the form of diagrams reflecting interactions between individual species or whole groups of alien plants and climatic or environmental variables. They make it possible to create models of expansion of invasive species. They reflect the current statistical distances and relationships between different objects of study, which makes it possible to identify features of the group strategy of colonization of various natural and/or technogenic habitats by alien species. These strategies depend mainly on the biological characteristics of species, level of anthropogenic transformation of a regional flora, and environmental parameters.
author_names: V K Tokhtar
title: Advanced Approaches to the Visualization of Data Characterizing Distribution Features of Alien Plant Species
venue: Russian Journal of Biological Invasions
year: 2018

abstract: On the basis that Darwin's theory of evolution encompasses two logically independent processes (common descent and natural selection) the only figure in On the Origin of Species (the Diagram of Divergence of Taxa) is often interpreted as illustrative of only one of these processes: the branching patterns representing common ancestry. Here, I argue that Darwin's Diagram of Divergence of Taxa represents a broad conceptual model of Darwin's theory, illustrating the causal efficacy of natural selection in producing well defined varieties and ultimately species. The Tree Diagram encompasses the idea that natural selection explains common descent and the origin of organic diversity, thus representing a comprehensive model of Darwin's theory on the origin of species. I describe Darwin's Tree Diagram in relation to his argumentative strategy under the vera causa principle, and suggest that the testing of his theory based on the evidence from the geological record, the geographical distribution of organisms, and the mutual affinities of organic beings can be framed under the hypothetico deductive method. Darwin's Diagram of Divergence of Taxa therefore represents a broad conceptual model that helps understanding the causal construction of Darwin's theory of evolution, the structure of his argumentative strategy, and the nature of his scientific methodology.
author_names: Juan L Bouzat
title: Darwin's Diagram of Divergence of Taxa as a Causal Model for the Origin of Species
venue: The Quarterly Review of Biology
year: 2014

abstract: Question: Predictive models constitute an important tool in multiple ecological applications. In this paper, we examine and compare the performance of six state of the art methods commonly used in ecological modelling: Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Support Vector Machines (SVM) Classification and Regression Trees (CART) Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) Location: Northern Spain. Methods: We used presence/absence data of 15 plant species of an alpine rangeland in northern Spain and 14 topographical and geomorphological descriptors to build the models. We used leave one out cross validation on each model and computed the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and the resolution and calibration diagrams of the resulting probabilistic predictions. We also analysed the binary presence/absence deterministic predictions and computed the corresponding confusion matrices to calculate sensitivity, specificity, Cohen's kappa and the True Skill Statistic (TSS) Results: In general, CART and MAXENT showed poor performance and MLR was competitive with the more sophisticated ANN, MARS and SVM methods. The best predictive resolution was obtained, in most cases, by ANN followed by SVM and CART models; however, MLR and MARS were generally the best calibrated. The MAXENT predictions attained, in general, poor resolution and moderate to good calibration. Conclusion: Assessment of model calibration and resolution, in addition to ROC and confusion matrix derived indices, is an important step for model choice depending on the final aim. Most of the target species were accurately predicted showing that the variables used are suitable descriptors at the scale of analysis.
author_names: Joaquin Bedia

Juan Busque

Jose Manuel Gutierrez
title: Predicting plant species distribution across an alpine rangeland in northern Spain. A comparison of probabilistic methods
year: 2011