Search query: qca solve expression

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abstract: Usages of QCA device, leads the technology, towards the avoiding of the traditional semiconductor devices in a wide scale. Where the area consumption and speed of the device can be extended beyond of the semiconductor technologies such as CMOS, by means of quantum tunneling devices. By the quantum nanoparticle tunneling, several logic gates and several digital logic circuits have ever been implemented by QCAD designer. This paper presents the power and the tunneling rate computation methodology of the QCA devices in wave nature of electrons, in terms of some mathematical expressions. The computed and simplified expressions provide a congenial way to detect the device power instantaneously at a precise position inside the tunneling junction. The most significant factors for tunneling are tunneling power, dissipated power and the total power of a QCA cell at tunneling time is computed do with Schrodinger wave equations. This paper summarizes on the QCA device power computational technique, by the help of Schrodinger wave equations. This paper presents a new computational methodology of QCA device power, to the modern Nanoelectronics science.
author_names: Soudip Sinha Roy
title: Simplification of master power expression and effective power detection of QCA device (Wave nature tunneling of electron in QCA device)
venue: 2016 IEEE Students' Technology Symposium (TechSym)
year: 2016

abstract: Quantum computer is very advanced technology in upcoming era and can capable to solve any complex problem with very fast computation power. The proposed models for quantum computation are quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) The molecular QCA has the tendency to high error rates. In case of molecular quantum dot cellular automata, the main objective of circuit design is the reduction of circuit area with wanted functional behavior. In this article, we propose the efficient design of online testable latches based on reversible logic for molecular QCA that is very much cost effective respect to circuit area and other parameters. We use reversible gates having conservative property; i.e. capability for producing the equal number of 1s in output bits as input bits. So, conservative logic gates are subset of parity preserving reversible gate. Fault patterns of used conservative logic gate are analyzed for single stuck at faults in molecular QCA circuit. Our proposed latches are able to examine single stuck at fault, missing/additional QCA cell defect online, including permanent or transient fault in molecular QCA and efficient respect to circuit area. The designs of QCA layouts for various latches are presented and verified using QCA Designer and the Verilog HDL library of QCA devices is used to present HDLQ design tool.
author_names: Debajyoty Banik
title: Online Testable Efficient Latches for Molecular QCA Based on Reversible Logic
venue: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
year: 2019

abstract: Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are useful for modeling of quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) based digital circuits. In this paper, DAGs are used to design the single layer architecture of QCA circuits. A context free grammar is proposed to check whether a majority gate based Boolean expression is syntactically correct or not. Whether a given sentence satisfies the grammar can be tested using the corresponding parse tree. Language independent (three address) code can then be constructed from the parse tree to draw a DAG and thereby design the QCA circuit corresponding to a given Boolean expression. The clock zones are partitioned according to each level of the DAG. The abstract architecture developed from the DAG is simulated using the QCADesigner tool.
author_names: Jadav Chandra Das

Debashis De
title: Directed acyclic graph based design of digital logic circuits using QCA
venue: Journal of Computational Electronics
year: 2019

abstract: As the device dimension is shrinking day by day the conventional transistor based CMOS technology encounters serious hindrances due to the physical barriers of the technology such as ultra thin gate oxides, short channel effects, leakage currents excessive power dissipation at nano scale regimes. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata is an alternate challenging quantum phenomenon that provides a completely different computational platform to design digital logic circuits using quantum dots confined in the potential well to effectively process and transfer information at nano level as a competitor of traditional CMOS based technology. This paper has demonstrated the implementation of circuits like D, T and JK flip flops using a derived expression from SR flip flop. The kink energy and energy dissipations has been calculated to determine the robustness of the designed flip flops. The simulation results have been verified using QCA Designer simulation tool.
author_names: Ratna Chakrabarty

Dipak Kumar Mahato

Abhisek Banerjee

Sayantani Choudhuri

Moumita Dey

Niranjan Kumar Mandal
title: A novel design of flip flop circuits using quantum dot cellular automata (QCA)
venue: 2018 IEEE 8th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)
year: 2018

abstract: Despite its important existing challenges, quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the promising replacement candidates of the traditional VLSI technology. Practical implementation issues such as fault tolerance and lack of customized CAD tools and algorithms for automatic synthesis of large complex systems are some important instances of QCA circuit design challenges. Currently, most of the research papers focus only on development of individually efficient QCA gates and circuits in terms of only their physical properties such as area and delay. However, throughout this paper, it is demonstrated that these compressed and fast individual QCA gates and circuits cause serious concerns when they are exploited as building blocks in modular design of higher level complex circuits. Some simple but effective design rules are then emphasized to solve this problem by preserving the "modular design efficiency" of the developed underlying QCA gates and circuits. As a case study, two new instances of fault tole.
author_names: Mehrdad Poorhosseini

Ali Reza Hejazi
title: A Fault Tolerant and Efficient XOR Structure for Modular Design of Complex QCA Circuits
venue: J. Circuits Syst. Comput.
year: 2018

abstract: Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology to replace VLSI CMOS digital circuits. Due to its attractive features such as low power consumption, ultra high speed switching, high device density, several digital arithmetic circuits have been proposed. Adder circuit is the most prominent component used for arithmetic operations. All other arithmetic operation can be successively performed using adder circuits. This paper presents Shannon logic based QCA efficient full adder circuit for arithmetic operations. Shannon logic expression with control variables helps the designer to reduce hardware cost; using with minimum foot prints of the chip size. The mathematical models of the proposed adder are verified with the theoretical values. In addition, the energy dissipation losses of the proposed adder are carried out. The energy dissipation calculation is evaluated under the three separate tunneling energy levels, at temperature T 2K.The proposed adder dissipates less power. QCAPro tool is used for estimating the energy dissipation. In this paper we proposed novel Shannon based adder for arithmetic calculations. This adder has been verified in different aspects like using Boolean algebra besides it power analysis has been calculated. In addition 1 bit full adder has been enhanced to propose 2 bit and 4 bit adder circuits.
author_names: Nehru Kandasamy

Firdous Ahmad

Nagarjuna Telagam
title: Shannon Logic Based Novel QCA Full Adder Design with Energy Dissipation Analysis
year: 2018

abstract: AbstractClassical computers are already facing threshold limitations with CMOS getting restricted to clocking speeds in GHz range and alarming heat dissipation issues. Both these issues have been addressed by Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) and the concept of reversibility. QCA has showcased clocking speed in THz range and reversibility addresses the heat dissipation issues; thereby providing a viable alternative to CMOS. Reversibility forms an integral part of Quantum Computers. At present QCA happens to be the globally accepted practical platform for realization of reversible architecture concepts. This communication presents a novel four variable reversible gate which is capable of generating the two's complement of a four bit number. Two's complement finds wide acceptance in addition intensive environments. By the virtue of the Boolean expressions involved in designing the proposed gate, our gate also plays a crucial role in XOR intensive operation. We have done a comparative analysis with existing proposals in literature and found the proposed gate to excel. In this communication we also present the utility of our proposed gate in designing sequential circuits, primarily flip flops.
author_names: Ayan Chaudhuri

Mahamuda Sultana

Diganta Sengupta

Chitrita Chaudhuri

Atal Chaudhuri
title: A reversible approach to two's complement addition using a novel reversible TCG gate and its 4 dot 2 electron QCA architecture
year: 2019

abstract: The configuration perspective in business management research is growing, but the lack of supportive research method slows it down. Since Fiss(2007)proposed to use the qualitative comparative analysis(QCA)to solve the problem of empirical research from the configuration perspective, the method has been widely used in management research overseas. Conversely, QCA is still in its initial stage with few achievements in China. Based on a systematic review of related literature adopting QCA in the management field at home and abroad, this paper summarizes that three major problems can be solved in management configuration research by QCA: exploring multiple routes resulting in the equifinality, dealing with complex interactions between antecedents and deepening supplementing classification. Secondly, this paper summarizes QCA's six advantages, including the low demand of quantity and sources of data, cause complexity, casual asymmetry, no need to deal with multilevel variables, the reduction in phenomenon complexity and complete case explanation. Facing the most questioned robustness in the application of QCA, this paper sums up a number of specific coping strategies. Finally, supported by the latest development of QCA, this paper proposes a three dimensional research framework consisting of digging the past research, and cultivating the future research and time series research.
author_names: Zhang Chi

Zheng Xiaojie

Wang Fengbin
title: The Application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA)in Configuration Research in Business Administration Field:Commentary and Future Directions
year: 2017

abstract: Multiplexed RNA sequencing in individual cells is transforming basic and clinical life sciences1 4. Often, however, tissues must first be dissociated, and crucial information about spatial relationships and communication between cells is thus lost. Existing approaches to reconstruct tissues assign spatial positions to each cell, independently of other cells, by using spatial patterns of expression of marker genes5,6 which often do not exist. Here we reconstruct spatial positions with little or no prior knowledge, by searching for spatial arrangements of sequenced cells in which nearby cells have transcriptional profiles that are often (but not always) more similar than cells that are farther apart. We formulate this task as a generalized optimal transport problem for probabilistic embedding and derive an efficient iterative algorithm to solve it. We reconstruct the spatial expression of genes in mammalian liver and intestinal epithelium, fly and zebrafish embryos, sections from the mammalian cerebellum and whole kidney, and use the reconstructed tissues to identify genes that are spatially informative. Thus, we identify an organization principle for the spatial expression of genes in animal tissues, which can be exploited to infer meaningful probabilities of spatial position for individual cells. Our framework 'novoSpaRc' can incorporate prior spatial information and is compatible with any single cell technology. Additional principles that underlie the cartography of gene expression can be tested using our approach.A new computational framework, novoSpaRc, leverages single cell data to reconstruct spatial context for cells and spatial expression across tissues and organisms, on the basis of an organization principle for gene expression.
author_names: Mor Nitzan

Nikos Karaiskos

Nir Friedman

Nikolaus Rajewsky
title: Gene expression cartography
venue: Nature
year: 2019

abstract: Facial expression recognition (FER) has long been a challenging task in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel method, named deep comprehensive multipatches aggregation convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to solve the FER problem. The proposed method is a deep based framework, which mainly consists of two branches of the CNN. One branch extracts local features from image patches while the other extracts holistic features from the whole expressional image. In the model, local features depict expressional details and holistic features characterize the high level semantic information of an expression. We aggregate both local and holistic features before making classification. These two types of hierarchical features represent expressions in different scales. Compared with most current methods with single type of feature, the model can represent expressions more comprehensively. Additionally, in the training stage, a novel pooling strategy named expressional transformation invariant pooling is proposed for handling nuisance variations, such as rotations, noises, etc. Extensive experiments are conducted on the famous the Extended Cohn Kanade (CK+ dataset and the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database expression datasets, where the recognition results obtained.
author_names: Siyue Xie

Haifeng Hu
title: Facial Expression Recognition Using Hierarchical Features With Deep Comprehensive Multipatches Aggregation Convolutional Neural Networks
venue: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
year: 2019