Search query: , ; , ; Wang, J., Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 3054-3099.

Related papers:

abstract: A subwavelength water metamaterial is proposed and analyzed for ultra broadband perfect absorption at microwave frequencies. We experimentally demonstrate that this metamaterial shows over 90% absorption within almost the entire frequency band of 12 29.6 GHz. It is also shown that the proposed metamaterial exhibits a good thermal stability with its absorption performance almost unchanged for the temperature range from 0 to 100*C. The study of the angular tolerance of the metamaterial absorber shows its ability of working at wide angles of incidence. Given that the proposed water metamaterial absorber is low cost and easy for manufacture, we envision it may find numerous applications in electromagnetics such as broadband scattering reduction and electromagnetic energy harvesting. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (160.1245) Artificially engineered materials; (050.6624) Subwavelength structures. References and links 1. N. Engheta and R. W. Ziolkowski, Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations (Wiley IEEE, 2006) 2. F. Capolino, Theory and Phenomena of Metamaterials (CRC, 2009) 3. Y. Cui, L. Kang, S. Lan, S. Rodrigues, and W. Cai, "Giant chiral optical response from a twisted arc metamaterial," Nano Lett. 14, 1021 1025 (2014) 4. A. S. Baimuratov, T. P. Pereziabova,W. Zhu,M.Yu. Leonov, A.V. Baranov, A.V. Fedorov, and I. D. Rukhlenko,"Optical anisotropy of topologically distorted semiconductor nanocrystals," Nano Lett. 14, 1021 1025 (2014) 5. N. Yu and F. Capasso, "Flat optics with designer metasurfaces," Nature Mater. 13, 139 150 (2014) 6. Y. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. Li, L. Ma, C. Liu, C. He, and C. Cheng, "Radially polarized plasmonic vector vortex generated by a metasurface spiral in gold film," Opt. Express 25, 32150 32160 (2017) 7. D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, D. R. Smith, "Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies," Science 314, 977 980 (2006) 8. Z. H. Jiang, S. Yun, L. Lin, J. A. Bossard, D. H. Werner, and T. S. Mayer, "Tailoring Dispersion for Broadband Low loss Optical Metamaterials Using Deep subwavelength Inclusions," Sci. Rep. 3, 1571 (2013) 9. P. Tassin, Lei Zhang, Th. Koschny, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Low loss metamaterials based on classical electromagnetically induced transparency," Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 053901 (2009) 10. M. Premaratne and G. P. Agrawal, Light Propagation in Gain Media: Optical Amplifiers (Cambridge University, 2011) 11. Z. Dong, H. Liu, T. Li, Z. Zhu, S. Wang, J. Cao, S. Zhu, and X. Zhang, "Optical loss compensation in a bulk left handed metamaterial by the gain in quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 044104 (2010) 12. N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, "Perfect metamaterial absorber," Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 207402 (2008) 13. W. Zhu, F. Xiao, M. Kang, and M. Premaratne, "Coherent perfect absorption in an all dielectric metasurface," Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 121901 (2016) 14. C. M. Watts, X. Liu, and W. J. Padilla, "Metamaterial electromagnetic wave absorbers," Adv. Mater. 24, OP98 OP120 (2012) Vol. 26, No. 4 19 Feb 2018 OPTICS EXPRESS 5052 #318885 https:/doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.005052 Journal (c) 2018 Received 3 Jan 2018; revised 11 Feb 2018; accepted 11 Feb 2018; published 16 Feb 2018 15. H. Wang, P. V. Sivan, A. Mitchell, G. Rosengarten, P. Phelan, and L. Wang, " Highly efficient selective metamaterial absorber for high temperature solar thermal energy harvesting," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 137, 235 242 (2015) 16. S. Gu, B. Su, and X. Zhao, "Planar isotropic broadband metamaterial absorber," J. Appl. Phys. 104, 163702 (2013) 17. Y. Cui, K. H. Fung, J. Xu, H. Ma, Y. Jin, S. He, and N. X. Fang, "Ultrabroadband light absorption by a sawtooth anisotropic metamaterial slab," Nano Lett. 12, 1443 (2012) 18. Y. Shen, Y. Pang, J. Wang, H. Ma, and Z. Pei, "Ultra broadband terahertz absorption by uniaxial anisotropic nanowire metamaterials," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27, 2284 (2015) 19. M. Pu, M. Wang, C. Hu, C. Huang, Z. Zhao, Y. Wang, and X. Luo, "Engineering heavily doped silicon for broadband absorber in the terahertz regime," Opt. Express 20, 25513 25519 (2012) 20. W. Ellison, "Permittivity of pure water, at standard atmospheric pressure, over the frequency range 0 25 THz and the temperature range 0 100*C," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 36, 1 18 (2007) 21. A. Andryieuski, S. M. Kuznetsova, S. V. Zhukovsky, Y. S. Kivshar, and A. V. Lavrinenko, "Water: Promising opportunities for tunable all dielectric electromagnetic metamaterials," Sci. Rep. 5, 13535 (2015) 22. Y. J. Yoo, S. Ju, S. Y. Park, Y. J. Kim, J. Bong, T. Lim, K. W. Kim, J. Y. Rhee, and Y. Lee, "Metamaterial absorber for electromagnetic waves in periodic water droplets," Sci. Rep. 5, 14018 (2015) 23. W. Zhu, I. D. Rukihlenko, F. Xiao, C. He, J. Geng, X. Liang, M. Premaratne, and R. Jin, "Multiband coherent perfect absorption in a water based metasurface," Optics Express 25, 15737 15745 (2017) 24. Y. Pang, J. Wang, Q. Cheng, S. Xia, X. Zhou, Z. Xu, T. Cui, and S. Qu, "Thermally tunable water substrate broadband metamaterial absorbers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 104103 (2017) 25. M. Odit, P. Kapitanova, A. Andryieuski, P. Belov, and A. V. Lavrinenko, "Thermally tunable water substrate broadband metamaterial absorbers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 011901 (2016) 26. H. Tao, C. M. Bingham, A. C. Strikwerda, D. Pilon, D. Shrekenhamer, N. I. Landy, K. Fan, X. Zhang, W. J. Padilla, and R. D. Averitt, "Highly flexible wide angle of incidence terahertz metamaterial absorber: Design, fabrication, and characterization," Phys. Rev. B 78, 241103(R) (2008)
author_names: R D
title: Water metamaterial for ultra broadband and wide angle absorption
year: 2018

abstract: The segmentation and classification of retinal arterioles and venules play an important role in the diagnosis of various eye diseases and systemic diseases. The major challenges include complicated vessel structure, inhomogeneous illumination, and large background variation across subjects. In this study, we employ a fully convolutional network to simultaneously segment arterioles and venules directly from the retinal image, rather than using a vessel segmentation arteriovenous classification strategy as reported in most literature. To simultaneously segment retinal arterioles and venules, we configured the fully convolutional network to allow true color image as input and multiple labels as output. A domain specific loss function was designed to improve the overall performance. The proposed method was assessed extensively on public data sets and compared with the stateof the art methods in literature. The sensitivity and specificity of overall vessel segmentation on DRIVE is 0.944 and 0.955 with a misclassification rate of 10.3% and 9.6% for arteriole and venule, respectively. The proposed method outperformed the state of the art methods and avoided possible error propagation as in the segmentation classification strategy. The proposed method was further validated on a new database consisting of retinal images of different qualities and diseases. The proposed method holds great potential for the diagnostics and screening of various eye diseases and systemic diseases. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (100.0100) Image processing; (150.0150) Machine vision. References and links 1. R. F. Gariano and T. W. Gardner, "Retinal angiogenesis in development and disease," Nature 438(7070) 960 966 (2005) 2. M. D. Abramoff, M. K. Garvin, and M. Sonka, "Retinal imaging and image analysis," IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 3, 169 208 (2010) 3. S. B. Seidelmann, B. Claggett, P. E. Bravo, A. Gupta, H. Farhad, B. E. Klein, R. Klein, M. Di Carli, and S. D. Solomon, "Retinal vessel calibers in predicting long term cardiovascular outcomes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study," Circulation 134(18) 1328 1338 (2016) 4. K. Rothaus, X. Jiang, and P. Rhiem, "Separation of the retinal vascular graph in arteries and veins based upon structural knowledge," Image Vis. Comput. 27(7) 864 875 (2009) 5. Q. Hu, M. D. Abramoff, and M. K. Garvin, "Automated construction of arterial and venous trees in retinal images," J. Med. Imaging (Bellingham) 2(4) 044001 (2015) 6. B. Dashtbozorg, A. M. Mendonca, and A. Campilho, "An Automatic Graph Based Approach for Artery/Vein Classification in Retinal Images," IEEE Trans. Image Process. 23(3) 1073 1083 (2014) Vol. 9, No. 7 1 Jul 2018 BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 3153 #327542 https:/doi.org/10.1364/BOE.9.003153 Journal (c) 2018 Received 6 Apr 2018; revised 7 Jun 2018; accepted 7 Jun 2018; published 15 Jun 2018 7. R. Estrada, M. J. Allingham, P. S. Mettu, S. W. Cousins, C. Tomasi, and S. Farsiu, "Retinal Artery Vein Classification via Topology Estimation," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 34(12) 2518 2534 (2015) 8. H. Narasimha Iyer, J. M. Beach, B. Khoobehi, and B. Roysam, "Automatic identification of retinal arteries and veins from dual wavelength images using structural and functional features," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54(8) 1427 1435 (2007) 9. M. Niemeijer, B. van Ginneken, and M. D. Abramoff, "Automatic classification of retinal vessels into arteries and veins," in SPIE Medical Imaging (International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2009) 72601F. 10. M. Niemeijer, X. Xu, A. V. Dumitrescu, P. Gupta, B. van Ginneken, J. C. Folk, and M. D. Abramoff, "Automated measurement of the arteriolar to venular width ratio in digital color fundus photographs," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 30(11) 1941 1950 (2011) 11. M. Saez, S. Gonzalez Vazquez, M. Gonzalez Penedo, M. A. Barcelo, M. Pena Seijo, G. Coll de Tuero, and A. Pose Reino, "Development of an automated system to classify retinal vessels into arteries and veins," Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 108(1) 367 376 (2012) 12. S. Vazquez, B. Cancela, N. Barreira, M. G. Penedo, M. Rodriguez Blanco, M. P. Seijo, G. C. de Tuero, M. A. Barcelo, and M. Saez, "Improving retinal artery and vein classification by means of a minimal path approach," Mach. Vis. Appl. 24(5) 919 930 (2013) 13. X. Xu, W. Ding, M. D. Abramoff, and R. Cao, "An improved arteriovenous classification method for the early diagnostics of various diseases in retinal image," Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 141, 3 9 (2017) 14. C. Kondermann, D. Kondermann, and M. Yan, "Blood vessel classification into arteries and veins in retinal images," in Medical Imaging: Image Processing (International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2007) 651247 651247. 15. K. He, X. Zhang, S. Ren, and J. Sun, "Spatial Pyramid pooling in deep convolutional networks for visual recognition," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 37(9) 1904 1916 (2015) 16. R. Girshick, J. Donahue, T. Darrell, and J. Malik, "Region Based Convolutional Networks for Accurate Object Detection and Segmentation," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38(1) 142 158 (2016) 17. E. Shelhamer, J. Long, and T. Darrell, "Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(4) 640 651 (2017) 18. K. K. Maninis, J. Pont Tuset, P. Arbelaez, and L. Van Gool, "Deep retinal image understanding," in Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention MICCAI 2016 (Springer International Publishing, 2016) 140 148. 19. Q. Li, B. Feng, L. Xie, P. Liang, H. Zhang, and T. Wang, "A Cross Modality Learning Approach for Vessel Segmentation in Retinal Images," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35(1) 109 118 (2016) 20. O. Ronneberger, P. Fischer, and T. Brox, "U Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation," in International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2015) 234 241. 21. M. Niemeijer, B. V. Ginneken, and M. Loog, "Comparative study of retinal vessel segmentation methods on a new publicly available database," Proc. SPIE 5370, 648 656 (2004) 22. M. Sonka, V. Hlavac, and R. Boyle, Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision (Thomson Learning, 2008) 23. A. Dosovitskiy, J. T. Springenberg, M. Riedmiller, and T. Brox, "Discriminative unsupervised feature learning with convolutional neural networks," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27 (NIPS 2014) pp. 766 774 (2014) 24. J. Staal, M. D. Abramoff, M. Niemeijer, M. A. Viergever, and B. van Ginneken, "Ridge based vessel segmentation in color images of the retina," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 23(4) 501 509 (2004) 25. E. Ricci and R. Perfetti, "Retinal blood vessel segmentation using line operators and support vector classification," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 26(10) 1357 1365 (2007) 26. D. Marin, A. Aquino, M. E. Gegundez Arias, and J. M. Bravo, "A new supervised method for blood vessel segmentation in retinal images by using gray level and moment invariants based features," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 30(1) 146 158 (2011) 27. M. S. Miri and A. Mahloojifar, "Retinal image analysis using curvelet transform and multistructure elements morphology by reconstruction," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 58(5) 1183 1192 (2011) 28. S. Roychowdhury, D. D. Koozekanani, and K. K. Parhi, "Iterative Vessel Segmentation of Fundus Images," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 62(7) 1738 1749 (2015) 29. S. Wang, Y. Yin, G. Cao, B. Wei, Y. Zheng, and G. Yang, "Hierarchical retinal blood vessel segmentation based on feature and ensemble learning," Neurocomputing 149, 708 717 (2015) 30. X. Xu, W. Ding, X. Wang, R. Cao, M. Zhang, P. Lv, and F. Xu, "Smartphone based accurate analysis of retinal vasculature towards point of care diagnostics," Sci. Rep. 6(1) 34603 (2016) 31. J. Zhang, B. Dashtbozorg, E. Bekkers, J. P. W. Pluim, R. Duits, and B. M. Ter Haar Romeny, "Robust retinal vessel segmentation via locally adaptive derivative frames in orientation scores," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35(12) 2631 2644 (2016) 32. G. Mirsharif, F. Tajeripour, F. Sobhanmanesh, H. Pourreza, and T. Banaee, "Developing an automatic method for separation of arteries from veins in retinal images," in 1st International Conference on Computer and Knowledge Engineering (2011) Vol. 9, No. 7 1 Jul 2018 BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 3154
author_names: XU Xiayu

Rendong Wang

LV Peilin

Bin Gao

LI Chan

Zhiqiang Tian

Tao Tan

Xuan Feng
title: Validation of a harmonic model for eddy currents in slitted conducting plates
year: 2018

abstract: We present a comparative study of electrical measurements of graphene using terahertz time domain spectroscopy in transmission and reflection mode, and compare the measured sheet conductivity values to electrical van der Pauw measurements made independently in three different laboratories. Overall median conductivity variations of up to 15% were observed between laboratories, which are attributed mainly to the well known temperature and humidity dependence of non encapsulated graphene devices. We conclude that terahertz time domain spectroscopy performed in either reflection mode or transmission modes are indeed very accurate methods for mapping electrical conductivity of graphene, and that both methods are interchangeable within measurement uncertainties. The conductivity obtained via terahertz time domain spectroscopy were consistently in agreement with electrical van der Pauw measurements, while offering the additional advantages associated with contactless mapping, such as high throughput, no lithography requirement, and with the spatial mapping directly revealing the presence of any inhomogeneities or isolating defects. The confirmation of the accuracy of reflection mode removes the requirement of a specialized THz transparent substrate to accurately measure the conductivity. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (120.4290) Nondestructive testing; (160.4236) Nanomaterials; (300.6250) Spectroscopy, condensed matter; (300.6495) Spectroscopy, terahertz; (310.3840) Materials and process characterization; (310.6870) Thin films, other properties. References and links 1. H. J. Yoon, D. H. Jun, J. H. Yang, Z. Zhou, S. S. Yang, and M. M. C. Cheng, "Carbon dioxide gas sensor using a graphene sheet," Sens. Actuators B Chem. 157(1) 310 313 (2011) 2. F. Schedin, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, E. W. Hill, P. Blake, M. I. Katsnelson, and K. S. Novoselov, "Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene," Nat. Mater. 6(9) 652 655 (2007) 3. A. Cagliani, D. M. A. Mackenzie, L. K. Tschammer, F. Pizzocchero, K. Almdal, and P. Boggild, "Large area nanopatterned graphene for ultrasensitive gas sensing," Nano Res. 7(5) 743 754 (2014) 4. Y. M. Lin, K. A. Jenkins, A. Valdes Garcia, J. P. Small, D. B. Farmer, and P. Avouris, "Operation of graphene transistors at gigahertz frequencies," Nano Lett. 9(1) 422 426 (2009) 5. D. M. A. Mackenzie, A. Cagliani, L. Gammelgaard, B. S. Jessen, D. H. Petersen, and P. Boggild, "Graphene antidot lattice transport measurements," Int. J. Nanotechnol. 14(1 6) 226 (2017) 6. F. Schwierz, "Graphene transistors," Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(7) 487 496 (2010) 7. J. Wu, M. Agrawal, H. A. Becerril, Z. Bao, Z. Liu, Y. Chen, and P. Peumans, "Organic Light Emitting Diodes on Solution Processed Graphene Transparent Electrodes," ACS Nano 4(1) 43 48 (2010) 8. T. H. Han, Y. Lee, M. R. Choi, S. H. Woo, S. H. Bae, B. H. Hong, J. H. Ahn, and T. W. Lee, "Extremely efficient flexible organic light emitting diodes with modified graphene anode," Nat. Photonics 6(2) 105 110 (2012) Vol. 26, No. 7 2 Apr 2018 OPTICS EXPRESS 9220 #320389 https:/doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.009220 Journal (c) 2018 Received 23 Jan 2018; revised 18 Mar 2018; accepted 19 Mar 2018; published 29 Mar 2018 9. T. Sun, Z. L. Wang, Z. J. Shi, G. Z. Ran, W. J. Xu, Z. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, L. Dai, and G. G. Qin, "Multilayered graphene used as anode of organic light emitting devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(13) 133301 (2010) 10. M. Galbiati, A. C. Stoot, D. M. A. Mackenzie, P. Boggild, and L. Camilli, "Real time oxide evolution of copper protected by graphene and boron nitride barriers," Sci. Rep. 7(2) 39770 (2017) 11. N. T. Kirkland, T. Schiller, N. Medhekar, and N. Birbilis, "Exploring graphene as a corrosion protection barrier," Corros. Sci. 56, 1 4 (2012) 12. F. Yu, L. Camilli, T. Wang, D. M. A. Mackenzie, M. Curioni, R. Akid, and P. Boggild, "Complete long term corrosion protection with chemical vapor deposited graphene," Carbon 132, 78 84 (2018) 13. F. H. L. Koppens, D. E. Chang, and F. J. Garcia de Abajo, "Graphene plasmonics: A platform for strong lightmatter interactions," Nano Lett. 11(8) 3370 3377 (2011) 14. Q. Wang, C. Z. Li, S. Ge, J. G. Li, W. Lu, J. Lai, X. Liu, J. Ma, D. P. Yu, Z. M. Liao, and D. Sun, "Ultrafast Broadband Photodetectors Based on Three Dimensional Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2," Nano Lett. 17(2) 834 841 (2017) 15. X. Guo, W. Wang, H. Nan, Y. Yu, J. Jiang, W. Zhao, J. Li, Z. Zafar, N. Xiang, Z. Ni, W. Hu, Y. You, and Z. Ni, "High performance graphene photodetector using interfacial gating," Optica 3(10) 1066 (2016) 16. V. Miseikis, D. Convertino, N. Mishra, M. Gemmi, T. Mashoff, S. Heun, N. Haghighian, F. Bisio, M. Canepa, V. Piazza, and C. Coletti, "Rapid CVD growth of millimetre sized single crystal graphene using a cold wall reactor," 2D Mater. 2(1) 014006 (2015) 17. B. Luo, J. M. Caridad, P. R. Whelan, J. D. Thomsen, D. M. A. Mackenzie, A. Grubisic Cabo, S. K. Mahatha, M. Bianchi, P. Hofmann, P. U. Jepsen, P. Boggild, and T. J. Booth, "Sputtering an exterior metal coating on copper enclosure for large scale growth of single crystalline graphene," 2D Mater. 4(4) 045017 (2017) 18. S. Dhingra, J. F. Hsu, I. Vlassiouk, and B. D'Urso, "Chemical vapor deposition of graphene on large domain ultra flat copper," Carbon 69, 188 193 (2014) 19. M. Kim, A. Shah, C. Li, P. Mustonen, J. Susoma, F. Manoocheri, J. Riikonen, and H. Lipsanen, "Direct transfer of Wafer scale graphene films," 2D Mater. 4(3) 035004 (2017) 20. P. R. Whelan, B. S. Jessen, R. Wang, B. Luo, A. C. Stoot, D. M. A. Mackenzie, P. Braeuninger Weimer, A. Jouvray, L. Prager, L. Camilli, S. Hofmann, P. Boggild, and T. J. Booth, "Raman spectral indicators of catalyst decoupling for transfer of CVD grown 2D materials," Carbon 117, 75 81 (2017) 21. T. Yager, A. Lartsev, R. Yakimova, S. Lara Avila, and S. Kubatkin, "Wafer scale homogeneity of transport properties in epitaxial graphene on SiC," Carbon 87(C) 409 414 (2015) 22. P. Boggild, D. M. A. Mackenzie, P. R. Whelan, D. H. Petersen, J. D. Buron, A. Zurutuza, J. Gallop, L. Hao, and P. U. Jepsen, "Mapping the electrical properties of large area graphene," 2D Mater. 4(4) 042003 (2017) 23. L. Gammelgaard, J. M. Caridad, A. Cagliani, D. M. A. MacKenzie, D. H. Petersen, T. J. Booth, and P. Boggild, "Graphene transport properties upon exposure to PMMA processing and heat treatments," 2D Mater. 1(3) 1 6 (2014) 24. J. D. Buron, F. Pizzocchero, P. U. Jepsen, D. H. Petersen, J. M. Caridad, B. S. Jessen, T. J. Booth, and P. Boggild, "Graphene mobility mapping," Sci. Rep. 5(1) 12305 (2015) 25. J. D. Buron, D. M. A. Mackenzie, D. H. Petersen, A. Pesquera, A. Centeno, P. Boggild, A. Zurutuza, and P. U. Jepsen, "Terahertz wafer scale mobility mapping of graphene on insulating substrates without a gate," Opt. Express 23(24) 30721 30729 (2015) 26. D. M. A. Mackenzie, J. D. Buron, P. R. Whelan, B. S. Jessen, A. Silajdzic, A. Pesquera, A. Centeno, A. Zurutuza, P. Boggild, and D. H. Petersen, "Fabrication of CVD graphene based devices via laser ablation for wafer scale characterization," 2D Mater. 2(4) 045003 (2015) 27. J. D. Buron, D. H. Petersen, P. Boggild, D. G. Cooke, M. Hilke, J. Sun, E. Whiteway, P. F. Nielsen, O. Hansen, A. Yurgens, and P. U. Jepsen, "Graphene conductance uniformity mapping," Nano Lett. 12(10) 5074 5081 (2012) 28. P. R. Whelan, K. Iwaszczuk, R. Wang, S. Hofmann, P. Boggild, and P. U. Jepsen, "Robust mapping of electrical properties of graphene from terahertz time domain spectroscopy with timing jitter correction," Opt. Express 25(3) 2725 2732 (2017) 29. R. E. Glover and M. Tinkham, "Conductivity of superconducting films for photon energies between 0.3 and 40kTc," Phys. Rev. 108(2) 243 256 (1957) 30. D. M. A. Mackenzie, J. D. Buron, P. Boaggild, P. U. Jepsen, and D. H. Petersen, "Contactless graphene conductance measurements: the effect of device fabrication on terahertz time domain spectroscopy," Int. J. Nanotechnol. 13(8/9) 591 (2016) 31. D. M. A. Mackenzie, J. D. Buron, P. R. Whelan, J. M. Caridad, M. Bjergfelt, B. Luo, A. Shivayogimath, A. L. Smitshuysen, J. D. Thomsen, T. J. Booth, L. Gammelgaard, J. Zultak, B. S. Jessen, P. Boggild, and D. H. Petersen, "Quality assessment of graphene: Continuity, uniformity, and accuracy of mobility measurements," Nano Res. 10(10) 3596 3605 (2017) 32. L. J. van der Pauw, "A meothd of measuring the resistivity and Hall coefficent of lamellae of arbitrary shape," Phillips Tech. Rev. 20(I) 220 224 (1958) 33. J. Nahlik, I. Kasparkova, and P. Fitl, "Study of quantitative influence of sample defects on measurements of resistivity of thin films using van der Pauw method," Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed. 44(10) 1968 1979 (2011) 34. J. Heo, H. J. Chung, S. H. Lee, H. Yang, D. H. Seo, J. K. Shin, U. I. Chung, S. Seo, E. H. Hwang, and S. Das Sarma, "Nonmonotonic temperature dependent transport in graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition," Phys. Rev. B 84(3) 035421 (2011) Vol. 26, No. 7 2 Apr 2018 OPTICS EXPRESS 9221
author_names: Musa M A

W R

S -
title: Quality assessment of terahertz time domain spectroscopy transmission and reflection modes for graphene conductivity mapping
year: 2018

abstract: We demonstrate non contact temperature measurement with one tenth of a kelvin precision at distances of several meters using omnidirectional laser emission from dye doped cholesteric liquid crystal droplets freely floating in a fluid medium. Upon the excitation with a pulsed laser the liquid crystal droplet emits laser light due to 3D Bragg lasing in all directions. The spectral position of the lasing is highly dependent on temperature, which enables remote and contact less temperature measurement with high precision. Both laser excitation and collection of light emitted by microlasers is performed through a wide telescope aperture optics at a distance of up to several meters. The optical excitation volume, where the droplets are excited and emitting the laser light is of the order of ten cubic millimeters. The measurement is performed with ten second accumulation time, when several droplets pass through the excitation volume due to their motion. The time of measurement could easily be shortened to less than a second by increasing the rate of the excitation laser. Since the method is based solely on measuring the spectral position of a single and strong laser line, it is quite insensitive to scattering, absorption and background signals, such as autofluorescence. This enables a wide use in science and industry, with a detection range exceeding tens of meters. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (120.0280) Remote sensing and sensors; (140.3945) Microcavities; (160.3710) Liquid crystals; (280.3420) Laser sensors; (280.6780) Temperature. References and links 1. P. de Gennes and J. Prost, The physics of liquid crystals (Oxford University, 1993) 2. H. Coles and S. Morris, "Liquid crystal lasers," Nat. Photonics 4, 676 (2010) 3. V. I. Kopp, B. Fan, H. Vithana, and A. Z. Genack, "Low threshold lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in cholesteric liquid crystals," Opt. letters 23, 1707 1709 (1998) 4. B. Taheri, A. Munoz, P. Palffy Muhoray, and R. Twieg, "Low threshold lasing in cholesteric liquid crystals,"Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 358, 73 82 (2001) 5. E. Alvarez, M. He, A. Munoz, P. Palffy Muhoray, S. Serak, B. Taheri, and R. Twieg, "Mirrorless lasing and energy transfer in cholesteric liquid crystals doped with laser dyes," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 369, 75 82 (2001) 6. S. Morris, A. Ford, M. Pivnenko, and H. Coles, "Enhanced emission from liquid crystal lasers," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 023103 (2005) 7. S. M. Jeong, N. Y. Ha, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, S. Nishimura, and G. Suzaki, "Defect mode lasing from a double layered dye doped polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal films with a thin rubbed defect layer," Appl. physics letters 90, 261108 (2007) 8. F. Araoka, K. C. Shin, Y. Takanishi, K. Ishikawa, H. Takezoe, Z. Zhu, and T. M. Swager, "How doping a cholesteric liquid crystal with polymeric dye improves an order parameter and makes possible low threshold lasing," J. applied physics 94, 279 283 (2003) 9. M. Humar, M. Ravnik, S. Pajk, and I. Musevic, "Electrically tunable liquid crystal optical microresonators," Nat. Photonics 3, 595 (2009) 10. I. Musevic and M. Humar, "Tunable liquid crystal optical microcavities," in Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies VI, vol. 7955 (International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2011) p. 795509. 11. I. Musevic, "Integrated and topological liquid crystal photonics," Liq. Cryst. 41, 418 429 (2014) 12. M. Humar and I. Musevic, "3D microlasers from self assembled cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplets," Opt. express 18, 26995 27003 (2010) Vol. 26, No. 18 3 Sep 2018 OPTICS EXPRESS 22615 #338089 https:/doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.022615 Journal (c) 2018 Received 9 Jul 2018; revised 27 Jul 2018; accepted 28 Jul 2018; published 20 Aug 2018 13. R. J. Carlton, J. T. Hunter, D. S. Miller, R. Abbasi, P. C. Mushenheim, L. N. Tan, and N. L. Abbott, "Chemical and biological sensing using liquid crystals," Liq. crystals reviews 1, 29 51 (2013) 14. Y. D. Jung, M. Khan, and S. Y. Park, "Fabrication of temperatureand pH sensitive liquid crystal droplets with PNIPAM b LCP and SDS coatings by microfluidics," J. Mater. Chem. B 2, 4922 4928 (2014) 15. M. Humar, "Liquid crystal droplet optical microcavities," Liq. Cryst. 43, 1937 1950 (2016) 16. H. G. Lee, S. Munir, and S. Y. Park, "Cholesteric liquid crystal droplets for biosensors," ACS applied materials interfaces 8, 26407 26417 (2016) 17. S. Munir and S. Y. Park, "Liquid crystal droplets functionalized with a non enzymatic moiety for glucose sensing," Sensors Actuators B: Chem. 257, 579 585 (2018) 18. M. Humar and I. Musevic, "Surfactant sensing based on whispering gallery mode lasing in liquid crystal microdroplets," Opt. Express 19, 19836 19844 (2011) 19. I. H. Lin, D. S. Miller, P. J. Bertics, C. J. Murphy, J. J. De Pablo, and N. L. Abbott, "Endotoxin induced structural transformations in liquid crystalline droplets," Science 332, 1297 1300 (2011) 20. T. Bera, J. Deng, and J. Fang, "Protein induced configuration transitions of polyelectrolyte modified liquid crystal droplets," The J. Phys. Chem. B 118, 4970 4975 (2014) 21. M. Khan and S. Y. Park, "Specific detection of avidin biotin binding using liquid crystal droplets," Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 127, 241 246 (2015) 22. U. Manna, Y. M. Zayas Gonzalez, R. J. Carlton, F. Caruso, N. L. Abbott, and D. M. Lynn, "Liquid crystal chemical sensors that cells can wear," Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. 52, 14011 14015 (2013) 23. P. Childs, J. Greenwood, and C. Long, "Review of temperature measurement," Rev. scientific instruments 71, 2959 2978 (2000) 24. X. d. Wang, O. S. Wolfbeis, and R. J. Meier, "Luminescent probes and sensors for temperature," Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 7834 7869 (2013) 25. F. Vetrone, R. Naccache, A. Zamarron, A. Juarranz de la Fuente, F. Sanz Rodriguez, L. Martinez Maestro, E. Martiin Rodriguez, D. Jaque, J. Garcia Solee, and J. A. Capobianco, "Temperature sensing using fluorescent nanothermometers," ACS nano 4, 3254 3258 (2010) 26. R. Zeltner, R. Pennetta, S. Xie, and P. S. J. Russell, "Flying particle microlaser and temperature sensor in hollow core photonic crystal fiber," Opt. letters 43, 1479 1482 (2018) 27. E. P. Schartner and T. M. Monro, "Fibre tip sensors for localised temperature sensing based on rare earth doped glass coatings," Sensors 14, 21693 21701 (2014) 28. M. Humar, A. Dobravec, X. Zhao, and S. H. Yun, "Biomaterial microlasers implantable in the cornea, skin, and blood," Optica 4, 1080 1085 (2017) 29. P. V. Shibaev, R. L. Sanford, D. Chiappetta, and P. Rivera, "Novel color changing pH sensors based on cholesteric polymers," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 479, 161 1199 (2007) 30. V. Stroganov, A. Ryabchun, A. Bobrovsky, and V. Shibaev, "A novel type of crown ether containing metal ions optical sensors based on polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystalline films," Macromol. rapid communications 33, 1875 1881 (2012) 31. S. Kado, Y. Takeshima, Y. Nakahara, and K. Kimura, "Potassium ion selective sensing based on selective reflection of cholesteric liquid crystal membranes," J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 72, 227 232 (2012) 32. M. Moirangthem, R. Arts, M. Merkx, and A. P. Schenning, "An optical sensor based on a photonic polymer film to detect calcium in serum," Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 1154 1160 (2016) 33. P. V. Shibaev, D. Chiappetta, R. L. Sanford, P. Palffy Muhoray, M. Moreira, W. Cao, and M. M. Green, "Color changing cholesteric polymer films sensitive to amino acids," Macromolecules 39, 3986 3992 (2006)
title: Remote and autonomous temperature measurement based on 3 D liquid crystal microlasers
year: 2018

abstract: The optical feedback dynamics of two multimode InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers emitting exclusively on sole ground or excited lasing states is investigated. The transition from longto short delay regimes is analyzed, while the boundaries associated to the birth of periodic and chaotic oscillations are unveiled to be a function of the external cavity length. The results show that depending on the initial lasing state, different routes to chaos are observed. These results are of importance for the development of isolator free transmitters in short reach networks. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (140.5960) Semiconductor lasers; (250.0250) Optoelectronics; (190.3100) Instabilities and chaos. References and links 1. C. F. Lam, H. Liu, and R. Urata, "What devices do data centers need?" in Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) of 2014 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 2014) paper M2K.5. 2. Cisco white paper, "The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis" (Cisco, 2016) 3. D. Bimberg, "Quantum dot based nanophotonics and nanoelectronics," Electron. Lett. 44, 390 (2008) 4. G. Eisenstein and D. Bimberg, eds. Green Photonics and Electronics (Springer, 2017) 5. M. T. Crowley, N. A. Naderi, H. Su, F. Grillot, and L. F. Lester, "GaAs Based Quantum Dot Lasers," in Advances in Semiconductor Lasers, J. J. Coleman, A. Bryce, and C. Jagadish, eds. (Academic Press, 2012) pp. 371 417 6. M. Grundmann, ed. Nano Optoelectronics, NanoScience and Technology (Springer, 2002) 7. K. Nishi, K. Takemasa, M. Sugawara, and Y. Arakawa, "Development of quantum dot lasers for data com and silicon photonics applications," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 23, 1 7 (2017) 8. A. Y. Liu, S. Srinivasan, J. Norman, A. C. Gossard, and J. E. Bowers, "Quantum dot lasers for silicon photonics," Photonics Res. 3, B1 (2015) 9. S. Chen, W. Li, J. Wu, Q. Jiang, M. Tang, S. Shutts, S. N. Elliott, A. Sobiesierski, A. J. Seeds, I. Ross, P. M. Smowton, and H. Liu, "Electrically pumped continuous wave III V quantum dot lasers on silicon," Nat. Photonics 10, 307 311 (2016) 10. Ranovus Inc. "Ranovus announces availability of world's first quantum dot multi wavelength laser and silicon photonics platform technologies to create a new cost and power consumption paradigm for DCI market," (Ranovus, 2016) http:/ranovus.com/worlds first quantum dot multi wavelength laser and silicon photonics platformtechnologies for dci market/ 11. Y. Urino, N. Hatori, K. Mizutani, T. Usuki, J. Fujikata, K. Yamada, T. Horikawa, T. Nakamura, and Y. Arakawa, "First demonstration of athermal silicon optical interposers with quantum dot lasers operating up to 125 *C," J. Lightw. Technol. 33, 1223 1229 (2015) 12. N. Zhuo, J. C. Zhang, F. J. Wang, Y. H. Liu, S. Q. Zhai, Y. Zhao, D. B. Wang, Z. W. Jia, Y. H. Zhou, L. J. Wang, J. Q. Liu, S. M. Liu, F. Q. Liu, Z. G.Wang, J. B. Khurgin, and G. Sun, "Room temperature continuous wave quantum dot cascade laser emitting at 7.2 mm," Opt. Express 25, 13807 13815 (2017) Vol. 26, No. 2 22 Jan 2018 OPTICS EXPRESS 1743 #318053 https:/doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.001743 Journal (c) 2018 Received 19 Dec 2017; accepted 8 Jan 2018; published 16 Jan 2018 13. A. Spott, E. J. Stanton, N. Volet, J. D. Peters, J. R. Meyer, and J. E. Bowers, "Heterogeneous integration for mid infrared silicon photonics," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23, 1 10 (2017) 14. D. O'Brien, S. Hegarty, G. Huyet, J. McInerney, T. Kettler, M. Laemmlin, D. Bimberg, V. Ustinov, A. Zhukov, S. Mikhrin, and A. Kovsh, "Feedback sensitivity of 1.3 mm InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers," Electron. Lett. 39, 1819 (2003) 15. K. Mizutani, K. Yashiki, M. Kurihara, Y. Suzuki, Y. Hagihara, N. Hatori, T. Shimizu, Y. Urino, T. Nakamura, K. Kurata, and Y. Arakawa, "Optical I/O core transmitter with high tolerance to optical feedback using quantum dot laser," in 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (2015) paper 0263. 16. D. Arsenijevic and D. Bimberg, "Quantum dot lasers for 35 gbit/s pulse amplitude modulation and 160 gbit/s differential quadrature phase shift keying," Proc. SPIE 9892, 9892 (2016) 17. C. Wang, B. Lingnau, K. Ludge, J. Even, and F. Grillot, "Enhanced dynamic performance of quantum dot semiconductor lasers operating on the excited state," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 50, 723 731 (2014) 18. Z. R. Lv, H. M. Ji, X. G. Yang, S. Luo, F. Gao, F. Xu, and T. Yang, "Large Signal Modulation Characteristics in the Transition regime for two state lasing quantum dot lasers," Chinese Phys. Lett. 33, 124204 (2016) 19. B. J. Stevens, D. T. D. Childs, H. Shahid, and R. A. Hogg, "Direct modulation of excited state quantum dot lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 061101 (2009) 20. D. Arsenijevic, A. Schliwa, H. Schmeckebier, M. Stubenrauch, M. Spiegelberg, D. Bimberg, V. Mikhelashvili, and G. Eisenstein, "Comparison of dynamic properties of groundand excited state emission in p doped InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 181101 (2014) 21. F. Grillot, B. Dagens, J. G. Provost, H. Su, and L. F. Lester, "Gain compression and above threshold linewidth enhancement factor in 1.3 mm InAs GaAs quantum Dot lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 44, 946 951 (2008) 22. F. Zubov, M. Maximov, E. Moiseev, A. Savelyev, Y. Shernyakov, D. Livshits, N. Kryzhanovskaya, and A. Zhukov, "Observation of zero linewidth enhancement factor at excited state band in quantum dot laser," Electron. Lett. 51, 1686 1688 (2015) 23. C. Mesaritakis, C. Simos, H. Simos, S. Mikroulis, I. Krestnikov, E. Roditi, and D. Syvridis, "Effect of optical feedback to the ground and excited state emission of a passively mode locked quantum dot laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 061114 (2010) 24. A. Rohm, B. Lingnau, and K. Ludge, "Ground state modulation enhancement by two state lasing in quantum dot laser devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 1 6 (2015) 25. F. Grillot, N. A. Naderi, J. B. Wright, R. Raghunathan, M. T. Crowley and L. F. Lester, "A dual mode quantum dot laser operating in the excited state," Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 1110 1113 (2011) 26. J. D. Walker, D. M. Kuchta, and J. S. Smith, "Wafer scale uniformity of vertical cavity lasers grown by modified phase locked epitaxy technique," Electron. Lett. 29, 239 240 (1993) 27. H. Huang, D. Arsenijevic, K. Schires, T. Sadeev, D. Bimberg, and F. Grillot, "Multimode optical feedback dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers emitting on different lasing states," AIP Adv. 6, 125114 (2016) 28. A. Kovsh, N. Maleev, A. Zhukov, S. Mikhrin, A. Vasil'ev, E. Semenova, Y. Shernyakov, M. Maximov, D. Livshits, V. Ustinov, N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. Alferov, "InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 mm range with enhanced optical gain," J. Cryst. Growth 251, 729 736 (2003) 29. O. Stier, M. Grundmann, and D. Bimberg, "Electronic and optical properties of strained quantum dots modeled by 8 band k*p theory," Phys. Rev. B 59, 5688 (1999) 30. A. Schliwa, M. Winkelnkemper, and D. Bimberg, "Few particle energies versus geometry and composition of InxGa1x As/GaAs self organized quantum dots," Phys. Rev. B 79, 075443 (2009) 31. N. Schunk and K. Petermann, "Stability analysis for laser diodes with short external cavities," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 1, 49 51 (1989) 32. J. Ohtsubo, Semiconductor Lasers: Stability, Instability and Chaos, Springer Series in Optical Sciences (Springer, 2010) 33. J. P. Toomey, D. M. Kane, C. McMahon, A. Argyris, and D. Syvridis, "Integrated semiconductor laser with optical feedback: transition from short to long cavity regime," Opt. Express 23, 18754 (2015) 34. N. Gavra and M. Rosenbluh, "Behavior of the relaxation oscillation frequency in vertical cavity surface emitting laser with external feedback," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 2482 2487 (2010) 35. M. Stubenrauch, G. Stracke, D. Arsenijevic, A. Strittmatter, and D. Bimberg, "15 Gb/s index coupled distributed feedback lasers based on 1.3 mm InGaAs quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 011103 (2014)
author_names: H Uang

IN LYU-CHIHL

Christian Hen

D Ejan A Rsenijevic

D Ieter B Imberg

F Rederic G Rillot
title: Multimode optical feedback dynamics in InAs GaAs quantum dot lasers emitting exclusively on ground or excited states transition from short to long delay regimes
year: 2018

abstract: We show that phase change materials can be used to switch photonic nanostructures between cloaking and superscattering regimes at mid infrared wavelengths. More specifically, we investigate the scattering properties of subwavelength three layer cylindrical structures in which the material in the outer shell is the phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) We first show that, when GST is switched between its amorphous and crystalline phases, properly designed electrically small structures can switch between resonant scattering and cloaking invisibility regimes. The contrast ratio between the scattering cross sections of the cloaking invisibility and resonant scattering regimes reaches almost unity. We then also show that larger, moderately small cylindrical structures can be designed to switch between superscattering and cloaking invisibility regimes, when GST is switched between its crystalline and amorphous phases. The contrast ratio between the scattering cross sections of cloaking invisibility and superscattering regimes can be as high as 93% Our results could be potentially important for developing a new generation of compact reconfigurable optical devices. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (260.0260) Physical optics; (290.5839) Scattering, invisibility; (050.6624) Subwavelength structures. References and links 1. L. Novotny and B. Hecht, Principles of Nano Optics (Cambridge University, 2006) 2. W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, "Surface plasmon subwavelength optics," Nature 424, 824 830 (2003) 3. S. Lal, S. Link, and N. J. Halas, "Nano optics from sensing to waveguiding," Nat. Photonics 1, 641 648 (2007) 4. M. I. Stockman, "Nanoplasmonics: past, present, and glimpse into future," Opt. Express 19, 22029 22106 (2011) 5. Z. Yang, R. Jiang, X. Zhuo, Y. Xie, J. Wang, and H. Lin, "Dielectric nanoresonators for light manipulation," Phys. Rep. 701, 1 50 (2017) 6. Y. Huang, G. Veronis, and C. Min, "Unidirectional reflectionless propagation in plasmonic waveguide cavity systems at exceptional points," Opt. Express 23, 29882 29895 (2015) 7. L. R. Hirsch, R. J. Stafford, J. A. Bankson, S. R. Sershen, B. Rivera, R. E. Price, J. D. Hazle, N. J. Halas, and J. L. West, "Nanoshell mediated near infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 13549 13543 (2003) 8. J. B. Jackson and N. J. Halas, "Surface enhanced Raman scattering on tunable plasmonic nanoparticle substrates," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 17930 17935 (2004) 9. H. A. Atwater and A. Polman, "Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices," Nat. Mater. 9, 205 213 (2010) 10. A. Alu and N. Engheta, "Cloaking a sensor," Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 233901 (2009) 11. P. Fan, U. K. Chettiar, L. Cao, F. Afshinmanesh, N. Engheta, andM. L. Brongersma, "An invisible metal semiconductor photodetector," Nat. Photonics 6, 380 385 (2012) 12. A. Alu and N. Engheta, "Cloaked near field scanning optical microscope tip for noninvasive near field imaging," Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 263906 (2010) Vol. 8, No. 6 1 Jun 2018 OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1672 #328971 https:/doi.org/10.1364/OME.8.001672 Journal (c) 2018 Received 23 Apr 2018; revised 21 May 2018; accepted 21 May 2018; published 30 May 2018 13. A. Mirzaei, A. E. Miroshnichenko, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Optical metacages," Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 215501 (2015) 14. A. Alu and N. Engheta, "Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings," Phys. Rev. E 72, 016623 (2005) 15. P. Chen, J, Soric, and A. Alu, "Invisibility and cloaking based on scattering cancellation," Adv. Mater. 24, OP281 OP304 (2012) 16. A. Mirzaei, A. E. Miroshnichenko, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, "All dielectric multilayer cylindrical structures for invisibility cloaking," Sci. Rep. 5, 9574 (2015) 17. S. Muhlig, M. Farhat, C. Rockstuhl, and F. Lederer, "Cloaking dielectric spherical objects by a shell of metallic nanoparticles," Phys. Rev. B 83, 195116 (2011) 18. A. Monti, F. Bilotti, and A. Toscano, "Optical cloaking of cylindrical objects by using covers made of core shell nanoparticles," Opt. Lett. 36, 4479 4481 (2011) 19. Z. Ruan and S. Fan, "Superscattering of light from subwavelength nanostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 013901(2010) 20. Z. Ruan and S. Fan, "Design of subwavelength superscattering nanospheres," Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 043101(2011) 21. A. Mirzaei, A. E. Miroshnichenko, I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Superscattering of light optimized by a genetic algorithm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 011109 (2014) 22. Y. Huang and L. Gao, "Superscattering of light from core shell nonlocal plasmonic nanoparticles," J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 30170 30178 (2014) 23. X. Li, Q. Tan, B. Bai, and G. Jin, "Experimental demonstration of tunable directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons with a subwavelength metallic double slit," Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 251109 (2011) 24. J. Lin, J. B. Mueller, Q. Wang, G. Yuan, N. Antoniou, X. Yuan, and F. Capasso, "Polarization controlled tunable directional coupling of surface plasmon polaritons," Science 340, 331 334 (2013) 25. S. Kim, H. Yun, K. Park, J. Hong, J. Yun, K. Lee, J. Kim, S. Jeong, S. Mun, J. Sung, Y. Lee, and B. Lee, "Active directional switching of surface plasmon polaritons using a phase transition material," Sci. Rep. 7, 43723 (2017) 26. C. Argyropoulos, P. Chen, F. Monticone, G. D. Aguanno, and A. Alu, "Nonlinear plasmonic cloaks to realize giant all optical scattering switching," Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 263905 (2012) 27. X. Chen, V. Sandoghdar, and M. Agio, "Coherent interaction of light with a metallic structure coupled to a single quantum emitter: from superabsorption to cloaking," Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 153605 (2013) 28. K. Shportko, S. Kremers, M. Woda, D. Lencer, J. Robertson, and M. Wuttig, "Resonant bonding in crystalline phase change materials," Nat. Mater. 7, 653 658 (2008) 29. M. Rude, V. Mkhitaryan, A. E. Cetin, T. A. Miller, A. Carrilero, S. Wall, F. J. Abajo, H. Altug, and V. Pruneri, "Ultrafast and broadband tuning of resonant optical nanostructures using phase change materials," Adv. Optical Mater. 4, 1060 1066 (2016) 30. D. Loke, T. H. Lee, W. J. Wang, L. P. Shi, R. Zhao, Y. C. Yeo, C. T. Chong, and S. R. Elliott, "Breaking the speed limits of phase change memory," Science 336, 1556 1569 (2012) 31. T. Hira, T. Homma, T. Uchiyama, K. Kuwamura, Y. Kihara, and T. Saiki, "All optical switching of localized surface plasmon resonance in single gold nanosandwich using GeSbTe film as an active medium," Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 031105 (2015) 32. M. Wuttig and N. Yamada, "Phase change materials for rewriteable data storage," Nat. Mater. 6, 824 832 (2007) 33. M. H. R. Lankhorst, B. W. Ketelaarsand, and R. A. M. Wolters, "Low cost and nanoscale non volatile memory concept for future silicon chips," Nat. Mater. 4, 347 352 (2005) 34. F. F. Schlich, P. Zalden, A. M. Lindenberg, and R. Spolenak, "Color switching with enhanced optical contrast in ultrathin phase change materials and semiconductors induced by femtosecond laser pulses," ACS Photonics 2, 178 182 (2015) 35. M. Rude, R. E. Simpson, R. Quidant, V. Pruneri, and J. Renger, "Active control of surface plasmon waveguides with a phase change material," ACS Photonics 2, 669 674 (2015) 36. Q. Wang, E. T. F. Rogers, B. Gholipour, C. Wang, G.Yuan, J. Teng, N. I. Zheludev, "Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials," Nat. Photonics 10, 60 65 (2016) 37. P. Li, X. Yang, T. W. W. Mab, J. Hanss, M. Lewin, A. U. Michel, M. Wuttig, and T. Taubner, "Reversible optical switching of highly confined phonon polaritons with an ultrathin phase change material," Nat. Mater. 15, 870 876 (2016) 38. V. K. Mkhitaryan, D. S. Ghosh, M. Rude, J. Canet Ferrer, R. A. Maniyara, K. K. Gopalan, and V. Pruneri, "Tunable complete optical absorption in multilayer structures including Ge2Sb2Te5 without lithographic patterns," Adv. Optical Mater. 5, 1600452 (2017) 39. S. Yoo, T. Gwon, T. Eom, S. Kim, and C. Hwang, "Multicolor changeable optical coating by adopting multiple layers of ultrathin phase change material film," ACS Photonics 3, 1265 1270 (2016) 40. Y. Huang, Y. Shen, C. Min, and G. Veronis, "Switching of the direction of reflectionless light propagation at exceptional points in non PT symmetric structures using phase change materials," Opt. Express 25, 27283 27297 (2017) 41. C. F. Bohren and D. R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Wiley, 1998) 42. E. Thiessen, R. L. Heinisch, F. X. Bronold, and H. Fehske, "Surface mode hybridization in the optical response of core shell particles," Phys. Rev. A 93, 033827 (2016) 43. Y. Shen,1 L. V. Wang, and J. Shen, "Ultralong photonic nanojet formed by a two layer dielectric microsphere," Opt. Vol. 8, No. 6 1 Jun 2018 OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1673
title: Switching photonic nanostructures between cloaking and superscattering regimes using phase change materials [Invited]
year: 2018

abstract: R510 Current Biology 30, R451 R520, May Chalker, D.L. and Yao, M.C. (2011) DNA elimination in ciliates: transposon domestication and genome surveillance. Annu. Rev. Genet. 45, 227 246. Grell, K.G. (1979) Cytogenetic systems and evolution in foraminifera. J. Foram. Res. 9, 1 13. Hamilton, E.P. Kapusta, A. Huvos, P.E. Bidwell, S.L. Zafar, N. Tang, H. Hadjithomas, M. Krishnakumar, V. Badger, J.H. Caler, E.V. et al. (2016) Structure of the germline genome of Tetrahymena thermophila and relationship to the massively rearranged somatic genome. eLife 5, e19090. Iwamoto, M. Hiraoka, Y. and Haraguchi, T. (2016) Uniquely designed nuclear structures of lower eukaryotes. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 40, 66 73. Iwamoto, M. Koujin, T. Osakada, H. Mori, C. Kojidani, T. Matsuda, A. Asakawa, H. Hiraoka, Y. and Haraguchi, T. (2015) Biased assembly of the nuclear pore complex is required for somatic and germline nuclear differentiation in Tetrahymena. J. Cell Sci. 128, 1812 1823. Keeling, P.J. and Burki, F. (2019) Progress towards the tree of eukaryotes. Curr. Biol. 29, R808 R817. Klobutcher, L.A. and Herrick, G. (1997) Developmental genome reorganization in ciliated protozoa: the transposon link. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 56, 1 62. Maurer Alcala, X.X. Yan, Y. Pilling, O.A. Knight, R. and Katz, L.A. (2018) Twisted tales: insights into genome diversity of ciliates using single cell 'omics. Genome Biol. Evol. 10, 1927 1939. Maurer Alcala, X.X. and Nowacki, M. (2019) Evolutionary origins and impacts of genome architecture in ciliates. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1447, 110 118. Prescott, D.M. (1994) The DNA of ciliated protozoa. Microbiol. Rev. 58, 233 267. Raikov, I.B. (1985) Primitive never dividing macronuclei of some lower ciliates. Int. Rev. Cytol. 95, 267 325. Singh, D.P. Saudemont, B. Guglielmi, G. Arnaiz, O. Gout, J.F. Prajer, M. Potekhin, A. Przybos, E. Aubusson Fleury, A. Bhullar, S. et al. (2014) Genome defence small RNAs exapted for epigenetic mating type inheritance. Nature 509, 447 452. Vogt, A. Goldman, A.D. Mochizuki, K. and Landweber, L.F. (2013) Transposon domestication versus mutualism in ciliate genome rearrangements. PLoS Genet. 9, e1003659. Warren, A. Patterson, D.J. Dunthorn, M. Clamp, J.C. Achilles Day, U.E.M. Aescht, E. Al Farraj, S.A. Al Quraishy, S. Al Rasheid, K. Carr, M. et al. (2017) Beyond the "code" a guide to the description and documentation of biodiversity in ciliated protists (Alveolata, Ciliophora) J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 64, 539 554. Xiong, J. Yang, W. Chen, K. Jiang, C. Ma, Y. Chai, X. Yan, G. Wang, G. Yuan, D. Liu, Y. et al. (2019) Hidden genomic evolution in a morphospecies The landscape of rapidly evolving genes in Tetrahymena. PLoS Biol. 17, e3000294.
author_names: Edgar M Medina

Nicolas E Buchler
title: Predatory protists
year: 2020

abstract: Geometries associated relative stabilities, averaged binding energy, fragmentation energy, second order energy difference and energy gaps of V doped germanium cationic clusters GenV+ (n 9 13) have been investigated by using density functional theory with the BP86 exchange correlation potential and effective core potential (ECP) LanL2DZ basis sets. Natural population analysis charge is also examined to understand the associated charge transfer in structures of clusters. When an electron is removed from neutral cluster GenV to form the cation cluster GenV+ geometric structure of the lowest energy isomers change. The endohedral cage structure of the cation clusters appears at n 10 in the cluster Ge10V+ The lowest energy isomers of cation cluster are in triplet state or singlet state. The cluster Ge10V+ is found to be the most stable in terms of stability parameters in the all system GenV+ (n 9 13) Keywords: BP86/LANL2DZ, binding energy, V Ge clusters, structure of clusters. References [1] T. Fehlner, J. Halet, J. Saillard, Molecular Clusters: A Bridge to Solid State Chemistry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007. https:/doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511628887.[2] S. Djaadi, K. Eddine Aiadi, S. Mahtout, First principles study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of SnGen(0, 1) (n 1 17) clusters, J. Semicond. 39(4) (2018) 42001. https:/doi.10.1088/1674 4926/39/4/042001.[3] P.N. Samanta, K.K. Das, Electronic structure, bonding, and properties of SnmGen (m+n<=5) clusters: A DFT study, Comput. Theor. Chem. 980 (2012) 123 132. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j. comptc.2011.11.038.[4] S. Mahtout, Y. Tariket, Electronic and magnetic properties of CrGen (15<=n<=29) clusters: A DFT study, Chem. Phys. 472 (2016) 270 277. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.03.011.[5] A.A. Shvartsburg, B. Liu, Z. Y. Lu, C. Z. Wang, M.F. Jarrold, K. M. Ho, Structures of Germanium Clusters: Where the Growth Patterns of Silicon and Germanium Clusters Diverge, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(11) (1999) 2167 2170. https:/doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2167.[6] S. Bals, S. Van Aert, C. P. Romero, et al. Atomic scale dynamics of ultrasmall germanium clusters, Nat. Commun. 3 (2012) 897. https:/doi.org/10. 1038/ncomms1887.[7] J. De Haeck, T. B. Tai, S. Bhattacharyya, et al. Structures and ionization energies of small lithium doped germanium clusters, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15(14) (2013) 5151 5162. https: doi.org/ 10.1039/C3CP44395G.[8] G.R. Burton, C. Xu, D.M. Neumark, Study of small semiconductor clusters using anion photoelectron spectroscopy: germanium clusters, Surf. Rev. Lett. 03(01) (1996) 383 388. https: doi.org/10.1142/S0218625X96000693.[9] P.W. Deutsch, L.A. Curtiss, J.P. Blaudeau, Electron affinities of germanium anion clusters, Gen (n=2 5) Chem. Phys. Lett. 344(1) (2001) 101 106. https:/doi.org/10.1016/S0009 2614(01) 00734 5.[10] J. Wang, G. Wang, J. Zhao, Structure and electronic properties of Gen (n=2 5) clusters from density functional theory, Phys. Rev. B. 64(20) (2001) 205411. https:/doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB. 64.205411.[11] W.J. Zhao, Y.X. Wang, Geometries, stabilities, and magnetic properties of MnGen (n=2 16) clusters: Density functional theory investigations, J. Mol. Struct. THEOCHEM. 901(1) (2009)18 23. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2008.12.039.[12] W.J. Zhao, Y.X. Wang, Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of FeGen (n=9 16) clusters: Density functional theory investigations, Chem. Phys. 352(1) (2008) 291 296. https:/doi. org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.07.006.[13] S. Shi, Y. Liu, C. Zhang, B. Deng, G. Jiang G, A computational investigation of aluminum doped germanium clusters by density functional theory study, Comput. Theor. Chem. 1054 (2015) 8 15. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2014.12.004.[14] X. Li, K. Su, X. Yang, L. Song, L. Yang, Size selective effects in the geometry and electronic property of bimetallic Au Ge nanoclusters, Comput. Theor. Chem. 1010 (2013) 32 37. https: doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2013.01.012.[15] N. Kapila, V.K. Jindal, H. Sharma, Structural electronic and magnetic properties of Mn, Co, Ni in Gen for (n=1 13) Phys. B Condens. Matter. 406(24) (2011) 4612 4619. https:/doi.org/10. 1016/j.physb.2011.09.038.[16] C. Tang, M. Liu, W. Zhu, K. Deng, Probing the geometric, optical, and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal endohedral Ge12M (M=Sc Ni) clusters, Comput. Theor. Chem. 969(1) (2011) 56 60.https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2011.05.012.[17] A.K. Singh, V. Kumar, Y. Kawazoe, Metal encapsulated nanotubes of germanium with metal dependent electronic properties, Eur. Phys. J. D Atomic, Mol Opt Plasma Phys. 34(1 3) (2005) 295 298. https:/doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2005 00162 1.[18] X.J. Deng, X. Y. Kong, H. G. Xu, X. L. Xu, G. Feng, W. J. Zheng, Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Calculations of VGen (n 3 12) Clusters, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119(20) (2015) 11048 11055. https:/doi.org/10.1021/jp 511694c.[19] C. Siouani, S. Mahtout, S. Safer, F. Rabilloud, Structure, Stability, and Electronic and Magnetic Properties of VGen (n 1 19) Clusters, J. Phys. Chem. A, 121(18) (2017) 3540 3554. https:/doi. org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00881.[20] S.P. Shi, Y.L. Liu, B.L. Deng, C.Y. Zhang, G. Jiang, Density functional theory study of the geometrical and electronic structures of GenV(0, 1)(n=1 9) clusters, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 31(05) (2016) 1750022. https:/doi.org/10.1142/ S0217979217500229.[21] N. Huu Tho, T.T. Tu, T.M. Nhan, P.H. Cam, P.T. Thi, The Geometries and Stabilities of Neutral and Anionic Vanadium Doped Germanium Clusters VGen0/ (n 9 13) A Density Functional Theory Investigation, VNU J. Sci. Nat. Sci. Technol. 35(1) (2019) 47 56. https:/doi.org/10. 25073/2588 1140/vnunst.4827.[22] W.R. Wadt, P.J. Hay, Ab initio effective core potentials for molecular calculations. Potentials for main group elements Na to Bi, J. Chem. Phys. 82(1)(1985)284 298. https:/doi.org/10.1063/1.448800[23] P.J. Hay, W.R. Wadt, Ab initio effective core potentials for molecular calculations. Potentials for K to Au including the outermost core orbitals, J. Chem. Phys. 82(1) (1985) 299 310. https:/doi. org/10.1063/1.448975.[24] P.J. Hay, W.R. Wadt, Ab initio effective core potentials for molecular calculations. Potentials for the transition metal atoms Sc to Hg, J. Chem. Phys. 82(1) (1985) 270 283. https:/doi.org/10. 1063/1.448799.[25] G. Manca, S. Kahlal, J.Y. Saillard, R. Marchal, J. F. Halet, Small Ligated Organometallic Pdn Clusters (n=4 12) A DFT Investigation, J. Clust. Sci. 28(2) (2017) 853 868. https:/doi.org/10. 1007/s10876 017 1168 2.[26] T.D. Hang, H.M. Hung, L.N. Thiem, H.M.T. Nguyen, Electronic structure and thermochemical properties of neutral and anionic rhodium clusters Rhn, n=2 13. Evolution of structures and stabilities of binary clusters RhmM (M=Fe, Co, Ni; m=1 6) Comput. Theor. Chem. 1068 (2015) 30 41. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2015.06. 004.[27] M.J. Frisch H.B. Schlegel, G.E. Scuseria, M.A. Robb, J.R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, G.A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, X. Li, M. Caricato, A. Marenich, J. Bloino, B. G. Janesko, R. Gomperts, B. Mennucci, H. P. Hratchian, J. V. Ortiz, A. F. Izma GWT. Gaussian 09, Revision C.01. Gaussian, Inc, Wallingford CT. 2010.[28] A.E. Reed, L.A. Curtiss, F. Weinhold, Intermolecular interactions from a natural bond orbital, donor acceptor viewpoint, Chem. Rev. 88(6) (1988) 899 926. https:/doi.org/10.1021/ cr00088a005.
author_names: Nguyen Huu Tho

Trang T K Tu
title: The Geometries, Stabilities and Electronic Property of Cationic Vanadium Doped Germanium Cluster GenV+ (n=9 13) from Density Functional Theory
venue: VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology
year: 2019

abstract: Mechanism and thermodynamical parameters of activation and reaction of model reaction underlying in the basisof chemical recycling of polycarbonates noncatalytic transesterification of diethyl carbonate by methanol are studied by B3LYP/6 311++G(df,p) quantum chemical method. Detailed description of two possible reaction mechanisms is carried out. They are: nucleophilic carbonyl atom substitution mechanism and "addition elimination" mechanism including allogenic addition of methanol to diethyl carbonate's carbonyl group which leads to tetrahedral intermediate formation and its further decomposition which results in new molecule of carbonate and alcohol formation. The second way that is rate limiting step characterizes by lower free energy barriers. Nevertheless, this way is problematical. It is explained by the fact that tetrahedral intermediates formation characterizes by low values of equilibrium constants. Both monomers and dimers of methanol can be involved in reactions. Reactions with methanol dimers are more kinetically preferable than reaction with methanol monomer, both in nucleophilic carbonyl atom substitution mechanism and "addition elimination" mechanism. It is provided by more higher donoracceptor and acid base properties of methanol dimer in comparison with methanol monomer. All reactions are carried out through cyclic approved transition states. References [1] A. Kausar. A review of filled and pristine polycarbonate blends and their applications. J. Plast. Film Sheet. 2017. Vol.34. Iss.1. P.60 97. [2] Handbook of Plastic Optics. Ed. St. Baumer. Weinheim: Wiley. 2010. 296p. [3] J. Feng, R. X. Zhuo, X. Z. Zhang. Construction of functional aliphatic polycarbonates for biomedical applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2012. Vol.37. Iss.2. P.211 236. [4] Advances in Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Eds. A. Tripathi, J. S. Melo. Syngapore: Springer. 2017. 545p. [5] E.V. Antonakou, K.G. Kalogiannis, S.D. Stefanidis, S.A. Karakoulia, K.S. Triantafyllidis, A.A. Lappas, D.S. Achilias. Catalytic and thermal pyrolysis of polycarbonate in a fixed bed reactor: the effect of catalysts on products yields and composition. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2014. Vol.110. P.482 491. [6] C. Puglisi, L. Sturiale, G. Montaudo. Thermal decomposition processes in aromatic polycarbonates investigated by mass spectrometry. Macromolecules. 1999. Vol.32. P.2194 2203. [7] G. Montaudo, S. Carroccio, C. Puglisi. Thermal and themoxidative degradation processes in poly(bisphenol a carbonate) J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2002. Vol.64. P.229 247. [8] A. Oku, S. Tanaka, S. Hata. Chemical conversion of poly(carbonate) to bis(hydroxyethyl) ether of bisphenol A. An approach to the chemical recycling of plastic wastes as monomers. Polymer. 2000. Vol.41. Iss.18. P.6749 6753. [9] L.C. Hu, A. Oku, E. Yamada. Alkali catalyzed methanolysis of polycarbonate. A study on recycling of bisphenol A and dimethyl carbonate. Polymer. 1998. Vol.39. Iss.16. P.3841 845. [10] D. Kim, B. Kim, Y. Cho, M. Han, B. Kim. Kinetics of Polycarbonate Methanolysis by a Consecutive Reaction Model. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009. Vol.48. Iss.14. P.6591 6599. [11] F. Liu, Z. Li, S. Yu, X. Cui, X. Ge. Environmentally benign methanolysis of polycarbonate to recover bisphenol A and dimethyl carbonate in ionic liquids. J. Hazar. Mat. 2010. Vol.174. Iss.1 3. P.872 875. Full Paper ____________ M.V. Korshunov, N.I. Kurshev, A.Ya. Samuilov, E.D. Prokhorova, and Ya.D. Samuilov 2 ________________ http:/butlerov.com/ _______________ (c)Butlerov Communications. 2018. Vol.54. No.4. P.1 12. [12] S. H. Sang Hyun Pyo, J.H. Park, T. S. Chang, R. Hatti Kaul. Dimethyl carbonate as a green chemical. Current Opin. Green Sust. Chem. 2017. Vol.5. P.61 66. [13] P. Tundo, M. Musolino, F. Aricoa. The reactions of dimethyl carbonate and its derivatives. Green Chem. 2018. Vol.20. Iss.1. P.28 85. [14] L. Chen, Y. Wu, Y. Ni, K. Huang, Z. Zhu. Degradation kinetics of polycarbonate in supercritical methanol. J. Chem. Ind. Eng. 2004. Vol.55. No.11. P.1787 1792. [15] E.V. Antonakou, D.S. Achilias. Recent Advances in Polycarbonate Recycling: A Review of Degradation Methods and Their Mechanisms. Waste Biomass Valor. 2013. Vol.4. Iss.1. P.9 21. [16] A.D. Becke, Density functional thermochemistry. I. The effect of the exchange only gradient correction. J. Chem. Phys. 1992. Vol.96. P.2155 2160. doi:10.1063/1.462066. [17] A.D. Becke, Density functional thermochemistry. II. The effect of the Perdew Wang generalized gradient correlation correction. J. Chem. Phys. 1992. Vol.97. P.9173 9177. doi:10.1063/1.463343. [18] A.D. Becke. Density functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange. J. Chem. Phys. 1993. Vol.98. P.5648 5652. doi:10.1063/1.464913. [19] M.J. Frisch, G.W. Trucks, H.B. Schlegel, G.E. Scuseria, M.A. Robb, J.R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G.A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H.P. Hratchian, A.F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J.L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y.Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J.A. Montgomery, Jr. J.E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J.J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K.N. Kudin, V.N. Staroverov, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J.C. Burant, S.S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J.M. Millam, M. Klene, J.E. Knox, J.B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R.E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A.J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J.W. Ochterski, R.L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V.G. Zakrzewski, G.A. Voth, P. Salvador, J.J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A.D. Daniels, O. Farkas, J.B. Foresman, J.V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, D.J. Fox, Gaussian 09, Revision A.1, Gaussian, Inc.,Wallingford CT, 2009. [20] F.A. Carroll. Perspectives on Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. Hoboken: Wiley. 2010. 944p. [21] Z.B. Maksic, B. Kovacevic, R. Vianello. Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account. Chem. Rev. 2012. Vol.112. No.10. P.5240. [22] Yu.G. Bushuev, T.A. Dubinkina. Computer simulation of methanol and liquid methane structures. J. Phys. Chemistry. 1996. Vol.70. No.9. P.1628 1632. (russian) [23] Yu.G. Bushuev. Structural properties of liquids with various types of intermolecular interactions according to computer simulation data. PhD Thesises of the Dr. Chemical Sciences: 02.00.04. Ivanovo. 2001. 345p. (russian) [24] Y.J. Shi, S. Consta, A.K. Das, B. Mallic, D. Lacey. A 118 nm vacuum ultraviolet laser/time of flight mass spectroscopic study of methanol and ethanol clusters in the vapor phase. J. Chem. Phys. 2002. Vol.116. Iss.16. P.6990 6999. [25] A.Ya. Samuilov, F.B. Balabanova, Ya.D. Samuilov. Computational study of the reaction of dimethyl carbonate with methyl amine. Comp. Theor. Chem. 2014. Vol.1049. P.7 12.
author_names: M V Korshunov

Nikita I Kurshev

Alexander Y Samuilov

Elena Prokhorova

Ya D Samuilov
title: Quantum chemical studying of noncatalytic methanolysis of diethyl carbonate
year: 2019

abstract: Biological tissue has a complex structure and exhibits rich spectroscopic behavior. There is no tissue model up to now able to account for the observed spectroscopy of tissue light scattering and its anisotropy. Here we present, for the first time, a plum pudding random medium (PPRM) model for biological tissue which succinctly describes tissue as a superposition of distinctive scattering structures (plum) embedded inside a fractal continuous medium of background refractive index fluctuation (pudding) PPRM faithfully reproduces the wavelength dependence of tissue light scattering and attributes the "anomalous" trend in the anisotropy to the plum and the powerlaw dependence of the reduced scattering coefficient to the fractal scattering pudding. Most importantly, PPRM opens up a novel venue of quantifying the tissue architecture and microscopic structures on average from macroscopic probing of the bulk with scattered light alone without tissue excision. We demonstrate this potential by visualizing the fine microscopic structural alterations in breast tissue (adipose, glandular, fibrocystic, fibroadenoma, and ductal carcinoma) deduced from noncontact spectroscopic measurement. (c) 2018 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine; (170.6510) Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics; (290.7050) Turbid media; (170.4730) Optical pathology; remote microscopy. References and links 1. B. Chance, "Optical Methods," Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 20, 1 28 (1991) 2. A. G. Yodh, B. Tromberg, E. Sevick Muraca, and D. Pine, "Diffusing photons in turbid media," JOSA A 14, 136 342 (1997) 3. A. M. Laughney, V. Krishnaswamy, E. J. Rizzo, M. C. Schwab, R. J. Barth, D. J. Cuccia, B. J. Tromberg, K. D. Paulsen, B. W. Pogue, and W. A. Wells, "Spectral discrimination of breast pathologies in situ using spatial frequency domain imaging," Breast Cancer Res. 15, R61 (2013) 4. B. C. Wilson, "Detection and treatment of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: a pivotal challenge in translating biophotonics from bench to bedside," J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 051401 (2015) 5. W. F. Cheong, S. Prahl, and A. J. Welch, "A review of the optical properties of biological tissues," IEEE J. Quant. Elecron. 26, 2166 2185 (1990) 6. S. L. Jacques, "Optical properties of biological tissues: a review," Phys. Med. Biol. 58, R37 61 (2013) 7. J. M. Schmitt and G. Kumar, "Optical scattering properties of soft tissue: A discrete particle model," Appl. Opt. 37, 2788 2797 (1998) 8. M. Xu, T. T. Wu, and J. Y. Qu, "Unified Mie and fractal scattering by cells and experimental study on application in optical characterization of cellular and subcellular structures," J. Biomed. Opt. 13, 038802 (2008) 9. V. G. Peters, D. R. Wyman, M. S. Patterson, and G. L. Frank, "Optical properties of normal and diseased human breast tissue in the visible and near infrared," Phys. Med. Biol. 35, 1317 1334 (1990) 10. X. Ma, J. Q. Lu, H. Ding, and X. H. Hu, "Bulk optical parameters of porcine skin dermis at eight wavelengths from 325 to 1557 nm," Opt. Lett. 30, 412 (2005) 11. Y. Gazit, D. A. Berk, M. Leunig, L. T. Baxter, and R. K. Jain, "Scale invariant behavior and vascular network formation in normal and tumor tissue," Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2428 2431 (1995) 12. J. M. Schmitt and G. Kumar, "Turbulent nature of refractive index variations in biological tissue," Opt. Lett. 21, 1310 1312 (1996) 13. A. J. Einstein1, H. S. Wu, and J. Gil, "Self affinity and lacunarity of chromatin texture in benign and malignant breast epithelial cell nuclei," Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 397 400 (1998) 14. T. Vicsek, Fluctuation and scaling in biology (Oxford University Press, New York, 2001) 15. R. K. Wang, "Modeling optical properties of soft tissue by fractal distribution of scatterers," J. Mod. Opt. 47, 103 120 (2000) 16. M. Xu and R. R. Alfano, "Fractal mechanisms of light scattering in biological tissue and cells," Opt. Lett. 30, 3051 3053 (2005) 17. Y. Pu, W. Wang, M. Al Rubaiee, S. K. Gayen, and M. Xu, "Determination of optical coefficients and fractal dimensional parameters of cancerous and normal prostate tissues," Appl. Spectr. 66, 828 34 (2012) 18. C. J. R. Sheppard, "Fractal model of light scattering in biological tissue and cells," Opt. Lett. 32, 142 144 (2007) 19. J. D. Rogers, A. J. Radosevich, and V. Backman, "Modeling Light Scattering in Tissue as Continuous Random Media Using a Versatile Refractive Index Correlation Function," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 20, 173 186 (2014) 20. X. Wang, B. W. Pogue, S. Jiang, H. Dehghani, X. Song, S. Srinivasan, B. A. Brooksby, K. D. Paulsen, C. Kogel, S. P. Poplack, and W. A. Wells, "Image reconstruction of effective mie scattering parameters of breast tissue in vivo with near infrared tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 041106 (2006) 21. M. R. Hajihashemi, S. R. Grobmyer, S. Z. Al Quran, and H. Jiang, "Noninvasive evaluation of nuclear morphometry in breast lesions using multispectral diffuse optical tomography," PloS One 7, e45714 (2012) 22. M. Xu, M. Alrubaiee, and R. R. Alfano, "Fractal mechanism of light scattering for tissue optical biopsy," in "Optical Biopsy VI," vol. 6091 of Proc. SPIE, R. R. Alfano and A. Katz, eds. p. 60910E, (2006) 23. V. S. Remizovich, "Theoretical description of elastic reflection of particles (photons) incident at grazing angles without the use of the diffusion approximation," Sov. Phys. JETP 60, 290 297 (1984) 24. B. J. Uscinski, H. G. Booker, and M. Marians, "Intensity Fluctuations Due to a Deep Phase Screen with a Power Law Spectrum," Proc. Royal Soc. A 374, 503 530 (1981) 25. R. Michels, F. Foschum, and A. Kienle, "Optical properties of fat emulsions," Opt. Express 16, 2304 2314 (2008) 26. T. T. Wu, J. Y. Qu, and M. Xu, "Unified Mie and fractal scattering by biological cells and subcellular structures," Opt. Lett. 32, 2324 2326 (2007) 27. M. Xu, "Superposition rule for light scattering by a composite particle," Opt. Lett. 31, 3223 3225 (2006) 28. M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, and A. A. Lacis, Scattering, absorption, and emission of light by small particles (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2002) 29. W. J. Wiscombe, "Improved Mie scattering algorithms," Appl. Opt. 19, 1505 1509 (1980) 30. The codes for the PPRM model, fitting procedures and the data can be found at http:/www.faculty.fairfield.edu/mxu. 31. A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, and V. V. Tuchin, "Optical properties of skin, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues: a review," J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 04, 9 38 (2011) 32. P. J. Shaw, "Nucleolus," in Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, (John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2005) 33. H. A. Foster, D. K. Griffin, and J. M. Bridger, "Interphase chromosome positioning in in vitro porcine cells and ex vivo porcine tissues," BMC Cell biol. 13, 30 (2012) 34. K. P. Nielsen, L. Zhao, J. J. Stamnes, K. Stamnes, and J. Moan, "The importance of the depth distribution of melanin in skin for DNA protection and other photobiological processes," J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 82, 194 198 (2006) 35. V. G. Peters, D. R. Wyman, M. S. Patterson, and G. L. Frank, "Optical properties of normal and diseased human breast tissues in the visible and near infrared," Phys. Med. Biol. 35, 1317 1334 (1990) 36. M. S. J. A. Malinowski, M. Peter Strokorb, M. Oesting, and K. Strokorb, "Analysis, Simulation and Prediction of Multivariate Random Fields with Package {RandomFields}" J. Stat. Software 63, 1 25 (2015) 37. X. Wang, "Estimation of Scatterer Size and Number Density in Near Infrared Tomography," Ph.D. thesis, Dartmouth College (2007) 38. V. Nandakumar, L. Kelbauskas, K. F. Hernandez, K. M. Lintecum, P. Senechal, K. J. Bussey, P. C. W. Davies, R. H. Johnson, and D. R. Meldrum, "Isotropic 3D nuclear morphometry of normal, fibrocystic and malignant breast epithelial cells reveals new structural alterations," PloS One 7, e29230 (2012) 39. L. F. Barbisan, J. Russo, and M. L. Mello, "Nuclear and nucleolar image analysis of human breast epithelial cells transformed by benzo[a]pyrene and transfected with the c Ha ras oncogene," Anal. Cellular Path. 16, 193 199 (1998) 40. R. Drezek, A. Dunn, and R. Richards Kortum, "A pulsed finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for calculating light scattering from biological cells over broad wavelength ranges," Opt. Express 6, 147 157 (2000) 41. R. S. Brock, X. H. Hu, D. A. Weidner, J. R. Mourant, and J. Q. Lu, "Effect of detailed cell structure on light scattering distribution: FDTD study of a B cell with 3D structure constructed from confocal images," J. Quant. Spectr. Rad. Transfer 102, 25 36 (2006) 42. M. S. Starosta and A. K. Dunn, "Three Dimensional Computation of Focused Beam Propagation through Multiple Biological Cells," Opt. Express 17, 12455 (2009) 43. H. K. Roy, Y. Liu, R. K. Wali, Y. L. Kim, A. K. Kromine, M. J. Goldberg, and V. Backman, "Four dimensional elastic light scattering fingerprints as preneoplastic markers in the rat model of colon carcinogenesis," Gastroenterology 126, 1071 1081 (2004) 44. K. Badizadegan, V. Backman, C. W. Boone, C. P. Crum, R. R. Dasari, I. Georgakoudi, K. Keefe, K. Munger, S. M. Shapshay, E. E. Sheetse, and M. S. Feld, "Spectroscopic diagnosis and imaging of invisible pre cancer," Faraday Discuss. 126, 265 279 (2004) 45. Y. Zhu, T. Fearn, G. Mackenzie, B. Clark, J. M. Dunn, I. J. Bigio, S. G. Bown, and L. B. Lovat, "Elastic scattering spectroscopy for detection of cancer risk in Barrett's esophagus: experimental and clinical validation of error removal by orthogonal subtraction for increasing accuracy," J. Biomed. Opt. 14, 044022 (2010) 46. B. Delahunt, J. C. Cheville, G. Martignoni, P. A. Humphrey, C. Magi Galluzzi, J. McKenney, L. Egevad, F. Algaba, H. Moch, D. J. Grignon, R. Montironi, and J. R. Srigley, "The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system for renal cell carcinoma and other prognostic parameters," Am. J. Surg. Path. 37, 1490 504 (2013) 47. M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, and
author_names: Xu Min
title: Plum pudding random medium model of biological tissue toward remote microscopy from spectroscopic light scattering
year: 2014