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abstract: The low utilization efficiency in the visible region of the sunlight spectrum and the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers are two crucial drawbacks that suppress the practical usage of metal oxide semiconductors as photocatalysts. In this article, we report a rational design of In2O3 In2S3 heterojunctions encapsulated by N doped carbon with a hollow dodecahedral structure (In2O3 In2S3/N C HDS) which can effectively handle the two drawbacks of metal oxide semiconductors and behave active for organic transformation under the irradiation of visible light even with long wavelengths. As exemplified by the selective oxidative coupling reaction of amine to imine, the obtained In2O3 In2S3/N C HDS as the photocatalyst has exhibited excellent activity and stability. Experimental and density functional theory studies have verified that the excellent performance of In2O3 In2S3/N C HDS can be attributed to the synergistic effect of In2O3 In2S3 heterojunctions, the coating of N doped carbon, and the hollow porous structure with nanosheets as subunits.
author_names: Qiuyan Shen

Liming Sun

Yuan Zhuang

Wenwen Zhan

Xiaojun Wang

Xiguang Han
title: Hollow Dodecahedral Structure of In2O3 In2S3 Heterojunction Encapsulated by N Doped C as an Excellent Visible Light Active Photocatalyst for Organic Transformation.
venue: Inorganic chemistry
year: 2020

abstract: Ion co doped photocatalysts with In2O3/TiO2 heterostructure (In2O3/TiO2(m) were prepared through a new polymeric precursor method. The In2O3/TiO2(m) precursor solution is of salient advantage in coating photocatalysts on various substrates and multiple modifications. The photocatalysts were facilely obtained after the calcination of precursors. Mass ratio of In/Ti was optimized according to their photocatalytic performances, and IT(m) 3 (wIn/Ti 3% modified by N, B co doping) showed the best photocatalytic activity. The band gap was successfully narrowed to 2.37 eV, and In2O3/TiO2 heterostructure was successfully constructed in the photocatalysts. Visible light absorption and separation of photoexcited carriers were significantly enhanced. Under visible light, NOX (20 mg/L in the water) was 100% photodegraded in 10 min, with 100% TOC removed in 25 min. The IT(m) 3 loaded quartz fabrics (ITQ) also showed excellent photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic activity of ITQ was repeatable and stable in 45 rounds of recycle without centrifugation. Synergetic effect of heterostructure and element doping was considered contributing to the outstanding photocatalysis performance. The polymeric precursor method proposed in this work showed great potential in large scale preparation and application of immobilized photocatalysts. The synergetic improvement through co modifications showed its proper compatibility with modifications.
author_names: Han Yu

Feng-hua Chen

L H Ye

Heng Zhou

Tong Zhao
title: Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin under visible light by immobilized and modified In2O3/TiO2 photocatalyst facilely synthesized by a novel polymeric precursor method
venue: Journal of Materials Science
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract It is difficult to deal with the industrial wastewater from printing and dyeing due to the high concentration of organics, complex composition, deep chrominance and variable water quality. Herein, this work aimed to design a kind of photocatalyst based on Fe2O3 nanoparticle doped with In2O3, which was used to degrade rhodamine B. The degradation performance of the prepared catalyst for rhodamine B was explored under different conditions including the doped amount of In2O3, photocatalyst dosage, H2O2 content and pH. The degradation efficiency could reach 94% under optimal conditions. In addition, the degradation mechanism of rhodamine B was investigated by analyzing intermediate products obtained with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC MS) Obviously, this study offers a new possibility for effectively treating large quantities of organic pollutants in the printing and dyeing industry.
author_names: Nan Guo

Haiyan Liu

Yong Fu

Jianshe Hu
title: Preparation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles doped with In2O3 and photocatalytic degradation property for rhodamine B
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Graphitic carbon nitride (g C3N4) is an attractive photocatalyst owing to its non metallicity, suitable band gap and high physicochemical stability. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic performance of pure g C3N4 is limited by the fast recombination of photoinduced charge carriers. In this study, we overcame this problem by constructing g C3N4 based composites to accelerate the electron hole separation. The photocatalytic activity of In2O3/S doped g C3N4 (In2O3/SCN) in visible light driven (VLD) hydrogen evolution was remarkably improved, which was ascribed to the inhibited charge carrier recombination.
author_names: Pin Zhou

Xianglong Meng

Tonghua Sun
title: Facile fabrication of In2O3/S doped g C3N4 heterojunction hybrids for enhanced visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract We present a simple synthesis of BiVO4 nanospheres co doped with Pt and In2O3 by a hydrothermal approach. The obtained samples exhibited monoclinic phase with homogeneously dispersed Pt and In2O3 on BiVO4 dopants as indicated by XRD, TEM, and XPS, respectively. The Pt In2O3/BiVO4 photocatalyst exhibited highest surface area, lowest band gap, and much less charge recombination compared to pure, Pt or In2O3 doped BiVO4. The 1.2 gL 1 dose of Pt In2O3/BiVO4 displayed a complete photodegradation of malachite green as an industrial model dye within 40 min with great reusability. A proposed mechanism is suggested based on the presented results.
author_names: Reda M Mohamed

Ibraheem A Mkhalid

Ahmed M Shawky
title: Facile synthesis of Pt In2O3/BiVO4 nanospheres with improved visible light photocatalytic activity
venue: Journal of Alloys and Compounds
year: 2019

abstract: The a Fe2O3/In2O3 composite hollow microspheres were first synthesized through a well designed two step hydrothermal approach with an aim to promote the photocatalytic activity of the pure In2O3. The morphologies, phase structures, and optical properties of the resultant samples were systematically characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X ray powder diffraction, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV vis diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The a Fe2O3 nanoparticles acted as visible light sensitizer, which were well decorated on the surface of the In2O3 hollow microspheres. Meanwhile, the investigation of photocatalytic performance confirmed that the visible light induced photocatalytic degradation rate of gaseous toluene was improved after the introduction of a Fe2O3 component, which was about 1.6 times higher than that of pure In2O3 sample under identical conditions. Furthermore, some intermediates formed during the photocatalytic oxidation process were also indentified by in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the a Fe2O3/In2O3 composites mainly stemmed from the strong visible light harvesting ability and the efficient spatial separation of photo generated electron hole pairs.
author_names: Fei Zhang

Xinyong Li

Qidong Zhao

Qian-Zhi Zhang

Moses O Tade

Shaomin Liu
title: Fabrication of a Fe2O3/In2O3 composite hollow microspheres: A novel hybrid photocatalyst for toluene degradation under visible light.
venue: Journal of colloid and interface science
year: 2015

abstract: We demonstrate the rational design and construction of sandwich like ZnIn2S4 In2O3 hierarchical tubular heterostructures by growing ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on both inner and outer surfaces of In2O3 microtubes as photocatalysts for efficient CO2 photoreduction. The unique design integrates In2O3 and ZnIn2S4 into hierarchical one dimensional (1D) open architectures with double heterojunction shells and ultrathin two dimensional (2D) nanosheet subunits. This design accelerates the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges, offers large surface area for CO2 adsorption, and exposes abundant active sites for surface catalysis. Benefiting from the structural and compositional merits, the optimized ZnIn2S4 In2O3 photocatalyst exhibits outstanding performance for reductive CO2 deoxygenation with considerable CO generation rate (3075 mmol h 1 g 1) and high stability.
author_names: Sibo Wang

Bu Yuan Guan

Xiong Wen David Lou
title: Construction of ZnIn2S4 In2O3 Hierarchical Tubular Heterostructures for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction.
venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract A hydrothermal method was used to prepare CdS nanoparticles, and a photoassisted deposition method was used to prepare 0.5 wt% In2O3/CdS, 0.5 wt% Pt/CdS and 0.5 wt% Pt, In2O3/CdS nanoparticles. Different techniques, such as UV Vis, XPS, TEM, XRD, PL and BET surface area, were used to characterize the prepared materials. The results reveal that the doping of Pt, In2O3 on the surface of CdS nanoparticles plays an important role in the control electron hole recombination rate. The photocatalytic performance of CdS, 0.5 wt% In2O3/CdS, 0.5 wt% Pt/CdS, and 0.5 wt% Pt, In2O3/CdS nanoparticles was studied by measuring their photocatalytic oxidation of malachite green dye under visible light. Photocatalytic parameters such as the type of doped materials, photocatalyst dosage and photocatalytic stability were also studied. The photocatalytic activity of CdS is lower than that of doped cadmium sulphide nanoparticles. This can be attributed to the fact that the addition of Pt or In2O3 or both In2O3 and Pt to CdS nanoparticles decreases the electron hole recombination rate or alternatively due to the transfer of electrons between the doped metal and CdS nanoparticles.
author_names: Abdullah H Qusti

Aramice Y S Malkhasian

Mohamed Abdel Salam
title: Enhancement of CdS nanoparticles photocatalytic activity by Pt and In2O3 doping for the degradation of malachite green dye in water
year: 2018

abstract: The heterojunction structures of In2O3/TiO2, exhibiting visible light photocatalytic efficiency, has been synthesized by utilizing maleic acid as an organic linker to combine In2O3 and Degussa P25 (TiO2) nanoparticles. The prepared nanocomposite has been characterized by FESEM, TEM, XRD and UV Visible reflectance spectra. The photocatalytic efficiency of the composite photocatalyst has been investigated based on the decomposition of 2 propanol (IP) in gas phase and 1,4 dichlorobenzene (DCB) in aqueous phase under visible light (l 420 nm) irradiation. The results reveal that the In2O3/TiO2 composite photocatalyst with 7 wt% In2O3 demonstrated 6.3 times of efficiency in evolving CO2 from gaseous IP and 8.7 times of efficiency in removing aqueous DCB in compare with Degussa P25. In this In2O3/TiO2 composite system, TiO2 seems to be the principal photocatalyst whereas the function of In2O3 is to sensitize TiO2 by absorbing visible light (l 420 nm) The extraordinary high photocatalytic efficiency of this composite In2O3/TiO2 under visible light has been explained on the basis of relative energy band positions of the component semiconductors.
author_names: Ashok Kumar Chakraborty

Mesfin Abayneh Kebede
title: Efficient Decomposition of Organic Pollutants Over In2O3/TiO2 Nanocomposite Photocatalyst Under Visible Light Irradiation
venue: Journal of Cluster Science
year: 2011

abstract: Abstract Very recently, hybrid photocatalysts are gaining importance due to their unique and enhanced photocatalytic activity. In precedent study, we have successfully prepared Ag3PO4 (AP) and P and S co doped g C3N4 (PSGCN) based AP/PSGCN photocatalyst via facile deposition precipitation method. The P and S co doped g C3N4 was prepared via thermal poly condensation using hexachlorotriphosphazene (HCCP) and thiourea as precursors. The photocatalysts were characterized by X ray diffraction pattern (XRD) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) and ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV Vis DRS) The thickness of AP/PSGCN was less than 9.0 nm. The zeta potential and Tyndall effect experiments validated the formation of well dispersed suspension of AP/PSGCN in water. The co doping resulted in lowering of optical band gap of g C3N4. The Tyndall effect experiments ascertained the formation of well dispersed suspension of AP/PSGCN. The photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance analysis confirmed reduction in recombination of photogenerated electron and hole pairs. The photodegradation of 2,4 dimethyl phenol (DMP) followed pseudo first order kinetics. The enhanced photocatalysis was due to direct Z scheme mechanism. Hydroxyl and superoxide radicals were the two main reactive species during DMP degradation. The COD, HPLC and LC MS investigations ascertained mineralization of DMP. AP/PSGCN displayed high stability and recycle efficiency significant for ten catalytic cycles.
author_names: Pankaj Raizada

Anita Sudhaik

Pardeep Singh

Pooja Shandilya

Vinod K Gupta

Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei

Shilpi Agrawal
title: Ag3PO4 modified phosphorus and sulphur co doped graphitic carbon nitride as a direct Z scheme photocatalyst for 2, 4 dimethyl phenol degradation
venue: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry
year: 2019