Search query: diamond tool wear

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abstract: Abstract Diamond like carbon (DLC) is a metastable form of amorphous carbon with significant sp3 bonding. DLC is a semiconductor with a high mechanical hardness, chemical inertness, and optical transparency. This review will describe the deposition methods, deposition mechanisms, characterisation methods, electronic structure, gap states, defects, doping, luminescence, field emission, mechanical properties and some applications of DLCs. The films have widespread applications as protective coatings in areas, such as magnetic storage disks, optical windows and micro electromechanical devices (MEMs)
author_names: John Robertson
title: Diamond like amorphous carbon
year: 2002

abstract: Diamond is the hardest material on Earth. Nevertheless, polishing diamond is possible with a process that has remained unaltered for centuries and is still used for jewellery and coatings: the diamond is pressed against a rotating disc with embedded diamond grit. When polishing polycrystalline diamond, surface topographies become non uniform because wear rates depend on crystal orientations. This anisotropy is not fully understood and impedes diamond's widespread use in applications that require planar polycrystalline films, ranging from cutting tools to confinement fusion. Here, we use molecular dynamics to show that polished diamond undergoes an sp(3) sp(2) order disorder transition resulting in an amorphous adlayer with a growth rate that strongly depends on surface orientation and sliding direction, in excellent correlation with experimental wear rates. This anisotropy originates in mechanically steered dissociation of individual crystal bonds. Similarly to other planarization processes, the diamond surface is chemically activated by mechanical means. Final removal of the amorphous interlayer proceeds either mechanically or through etching by ambient oxygen.
author_names: Lars Pastewka

Stefan Moser

Peter Gumbsch

Michael Moseler
title: Anisotropic mechanical amorphization drives wear in diamond.
venue: Nature materials
year: 2011

abstract: This paper aims to establish the wear mechanisms of tungsten carbide (WC) and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) drills when drilling carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) stacked on top of titanium (Ti) During the drilling experiments, torque and thrust forces were measured using a dynamometer under the CFRP/Ti stacks. In addition, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) were periodically used to measure the wear progression of the tool surface and to analyze tool wear mechanisms. For the WC drills Ti adhesion was a predominant tool wear factor, covering the entire cutting edges. PCD drills on the other hand, showed less titanium adhesion, but had a significant amount of cutting edge chipping. Abrasion, by the carbon fiber and hard inclusions in Ti, and adhesion of titanium were found to be the dominant tool wear mechanisms. Higher torque and thrust values were observed at the higher spindle speeds which caused a significant increase in tool wear due to the higher temperature generated, especially when drilling the Ti plates.
author_names: Kyung Hee Park

Aaron Beal

Dave Kim

Patrick Kwon

Jeff Lantrip
title: Tool wear in drilling of composite/titanium stacks using carbide and polycrystalline diamond tools
year: 2011

abstract: Abstract This paper presents an experimental machinability study of the metal matrix composites (MMCs) A356/SiC/20p with brazed polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools or chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond coated tools. The experimental procedure consisted of turning operations, during which cutting force, cutting tools flank wear and surface roughness obtained in composite workpiece were measured. The obtained results showed that PCD tools are important in cutting this composite type of reduced machinability. Actually, CVD diamond coated tools show short life, as tools wear evolution becomes very fast after coating rupture.
author_names: Joao Paulo Davim
title: Diamond tool performance in machining metal matrix composites
year: 2002

abstract: 1 Refraction. 2 Reflection and Transmission. 3 Vibronic Absorption. 4 Scattering. 5 Optical Electronic Transitions. 6 Coloration of Diamond. 7 Physical Classification of Diamond. 8 Interaction with Energetic Light Beams. 9 Thermostimulated Luminescence and Tunnel Luminescence. 10 Photoconductivity. 11 Related Data. Appendix: Abbreviations, Definitions and Methods. References.
author_names: Alexander M Zaitsev
title: Optical properties of diamond
year: 2001

abstract: Direct machining steel parts at a hardened state, known as hard turning, offers a number of potential benefits over traditional grinding in some applications. In addition, hard turning has several unique process characteristics, e.g. segmented chip formation and microstructural alterations at the machined surfaces, fundamentally different from conventional turning. Hard turning is, therefore, of a great interest to both the manufacturing industry and research community. Development of superhard materials such as polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (known as CBN) has been a key to enabling hard turning technology. A significant pool of CBN tool wear studies has been surveyed, in an attempt to achieve better processing and tooling applications, and discussed from the tool wear pattern and mechanism perspectives. Although various tool wear mechanisms, or a combination of several, coexist and dominate in CBN turning of hardened steels, it has been suggested that abrasion, adhesion (possibly complicated by tribochemical interactions) and diffusion may primarily govern the CBN tool wear in hard turning. Further, wear rate modeling including one approach developed in a recent study, on both crater and flank wear, is discussed as well. In conclusion, a summary of the CBN tool wear survey and the future work are outlined.
author_names: Yong Huang

Y Kevin Chou

Steven Y Liang
title: CBN tool wear in hard turning: a survey on research progresses
year: 2007

abstract: Understanding friction and wear at the nanoscale is important for many applications that involve nanoscale components sliding on a surface, such as nanolithography, nanometrology and nanomanufacturing. Defects, cracks and other phenomena that influence material strength and wear at macroscopic scales are less important at the nanoscale, which is why nanowires can, for example, show higher strengths than bulk samples. The contact area between the materials must also be described differently at the nanoscale. Diamond like carbon is routinely used as a surface coating in applications that require low friction and wear because it is resistant to wear at the macroscale, but there has been considerable debate about the wear mechanisms of diamond like carbon at the nanoscale because it is difficult to fabricate diamond like carbon structures with nanoscale fidelity. Here, we demonstrate the batch fabrication of ultrasharp diamond like carbon tips that contain significant amounts of silicon on silicon microcantilevers for use in atomic force microscopy. This material is known to possess low friction in humid conditions, and we find that, at the nanoscale, it is three orders of magnitude more wear resistant than silicon under ambient conditions. A wear rate of one atom per micrometre of sliding on SiO(2) is demonstrated. We find that the classical wear law of Archard does not hold at the nanoscale; instead, atom by atom attrition dominates the wear mechanisms at these length scales. We estimate that the effective energy barrier for the removal of a single atom is approximately 1 eV, with an effective activation volume of approximately 1 x 10( 28) m.
author_names: Harish Bhaskaran

Bernd Gotsmann

Abu Sebastian

Ute Drechsler

Mark A Lantz

Michel Despont

Papot Jaroenapibal

Robert W Carpick

Yun Chen

Kumar Sridharan
title: Ultralow nanoscale wear through atom by atom attrition in silicon containing diamond like carbon.
venue: Nature nanotechnology
year: 2010

abstract: Abstract In the present work, the tribological mechanism of diamond like carbon (DLC) films was investigated. DLC films were coated on metallic substrates (M50 steel, Ti 6Al 4V alloy and AISI 440C steel) by methane ion beam deposition. Pin on disc experiments showed that the DLC films possess excellent wear resistance and exhibit low values of friction coefficient (f
author_names: Yan Liu

Ali Erdemir

E I Meletis
title: A study of the wear mechanism of diamond like carbon films
year: 1996

abstract: This paper presents the prediction and evaluation of thrust force in drilling of carbon composite material. In order to extend tool life and improve quality of hole drilling, a better understanding of uncoated and coated tool behaviors is required. This paper describes the development of a phenomenological model between the thrust force, the drilling parameters and the tool wear. The experimental results indicate that the feed rate, the cutting speed and the tool wear are the most significant factors affecting the thrust force. The model can then be used for tool wear monitoring. The model presented here is verified by experimental tests.
author_names: Dragos Iliescu

Daniel Gehin

M E Gutierrez

F Girot
title: Modeling and tool wear in drilling of CFRP
year: 2010

abstract: The demand for increasing productivity when machining heat resistant alloys has resulted in the use of new tool materials such as cubic boron nitride (CBN) or ceramics. However, CBN tools are mostly used by the automotive industry in hard turning, and the wear of those tools is not sufficiently known in aerospace materials. In addition, the grade of these tools is not optimized for superalloys due to these being a small part of the market, although expanding (at 20% a year) So this investigation has been conducted to show which grade is optimal and what the wear mechanisms are during finishing operations of Inconel 718. It is shown that a low CBN content with a ceramic binder and small grains gives the best results. The wear mechanisms on the rake and flank faces were investigated. Through SEM observations and chemical analysis of the tested inserts, it is shown that the dominant wear mechanisms are adhesion and diffusion due to chemical affinity between elements from workpiece and insert.
author_names: Jean Philippe Costes

Yoann Guillet

Gerard Poulachon

Michel Dessoly
title: Tool life and wear mechanisms of CBN tools in machining of Inconel 718
year: 2007