Search query: Public knowledge, private gain

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abstract: Complementing received research on the role of collaboration networks in fostering interorganizational learning and innovation, the authors focus on the importance of learning from other firms' public knowledge. To this end they introduce the concept of spillover network the network of "source" firms whose public knowledge a "recipient" firm is able to readily absorb and use as innovation input. Using patent based data on a panel of semiconductor firms between 1976 and 2002, the authors demonstrate that firms' innovative performance tends to be higher when their spillover network is either munificent or rich in structural holes. However, being exposed to a spillover network that is both munificent and rich in structural holes is generally counterproductive. Consistent with the insight that the value of external knowledge inputs depends on the firm level resources with which it can be bundled, furthermore, the authors argue that the extent to which firms benefit from their spillover network hinges on specific intraorganizational factors their scientific intensity and degree of downstream integration.
author_names: Elisa Operti

Gianluca Carnabuci
title: Public Knowledge, Private Gain
year: 2014

abstract: Investing in a sustainable future has no alternative; the healthcare sector in developing countries has failed to achieve sustainability objectives. Knowledge management (KM) is a concrete application of sustainability in healthcare, as organizations (hospitals) that manage their knowledge assets will gain sustainable competitive advantage. Several organizations in developed countries are moving towards the adoption of knowledge management so that they can manage their knowledge well and improve their performance. Due to the effective implementation of KM in developed countries, developing countries are also considering adopting KM in their healthcare. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the drivers of KM adoption in public and private hospitals of Pakistan. With the help of an extensive literature review and expert opinion, the drivers were identified and a hierarchical structure was developed. Nineteen drivers were identified and screened out by experts. The experts identified the contextual relationships between the drivers during a brainstorming session. The hierarchical model of the drivers for KM in the healthcare of Pakistan was eventually developed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) The structure has 10 levels, in which "developed competitive advantage" formed the foundation of the structure and "job creation" and "improvement in the reputation of healthcare" formed the topmost level. The "Matrices d'Impacts Croises Multiplication Applique a un Classement" (MICMAC) analysis classified the drivers by categorizing them according to their driving and dependence powers. One driver is identified as autonomous, six drivers as dependent, seven drivers as linkage, and five drivers as independent. The analysis of KM drivers will provide a good understanding of the interdependence and interactions between them and support the effect adoption of KM in developing countries especially in Pakistan.
author_names: Jawad Karamat

Tong Shurong

Naveed Ahmad

Sana Afridi

Shahbaz Khan

Kashif Mahmood
title: Promoting Healthcare Sustainability in Developing Countries: Analysis of Knowledge Management Drivers in Public and Private Hospitals of Pakistan
venue: International journal of environmental research and public health
year: 2019

abstract: The term "scientist" was rarely used in the nineteenth century, its practitioners preferring phrases such as "man of science" that better expressed subordination to scientific practice. (Ross, 65 85; Barton, 80) Like the learned professions, men of science were entrusted with the production and possession of knowledge on behalf of the wider community and the label "man of science" signalled the sacrifice that justified the retention of this knowledge as private property. To be a man of science was to occupy the privileged position of speaking on behalf of the natural world, but the attribution of such a position depended upon the disinterestedness of those who held it. As David Vincent argues, guilds and trade societies were "stigmatized because their knowledge was uncodified, untestable, and protected for sectional gain rather than public benefit" whereas "the closures characteristic of the professions were held to be necessary for the maintenance of progressive standards of service from which everybody would ultimately gain." (23) The term "man of science" expressed the disinterestedness that validated scientific discoveries for the scientific community and affirmed their right to possess such knowledge on behalf of nineteenth century society. Although inclusive in terms of social position it expressed an identification with a discipline rather than a formal system of training and qualification it was a term that explicitly offered masculinity as a prerequisite for the disinterested pursuit of knowledge.
author_names: James Mussell
title: Private practices and public knowledge: science, professionalization and gender in the late Nineteenth Century
year: 2009

abstract: ABSTRACT Governments and businesses enter public private partnerships (PPPs) to achieve better outcomes, but successful partnerships are not easily accomplished. Because businesses' expectations about PPP outcomes affect how and whether they participate as partners, managing PPPs effectively requires knowing not just what governments lose or gain, but also the value businesses receive. This article demonstrates how structural, collaborative, and participant factors associated with both public and private partners affect business value in PPPs. Based on a mixed methods approach, this study tests four hypotheses on how PPPs influence value creation for businesses. The findings show that PPP experience, trust, and size have significant effects on business value. However, they only increase certain types of value, depending on the presence and performance of other factors. Moreover, the results show that businesses gain more intangible values, such as network development and knowledge, than revenue.
author_names: Lena Brogaard
title: Business Value in Public Private Partnerships: The Positive Impact of Trust and Task Relevant Competencies on Business Outcomes in PPPs
year: 2019

abstract: young people entering the labour force each year (about 11 million) With few opportunities for formal employment in manufacturing and services, agribusinesses offer young people the opportunity to earn income in rural areas. If others emulate them, there is the potential for positive regional spillovers. One institutional innovation that enables young people to mitigate financial and knowledge handicaps is contract farming. By supplying their produce to a third party (such as an agri processor or retail outlet) which in return guarantees markets and often inputs, young workers are able to access credit, markets and technology. This can be a "win win" solution because young workers gain access to markets, while the private company has access to produce without having to either acquire land or supervise labour. Fiscally constrained governments also benefit because private sector involvement obviates expenditure and reduces risks, and may also provide expertise unavailable in the public sector. This report presents the lessons learned from a project in four East African countries Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda focusing on youth and their agribusinesses. In Burundi and Rwanda, poultry and eggs were sold to retailers but were also provided to schools to alleviate malnutrition. In Kenya and Uganda the focus was on fish farming, raising finfish in cages and selling fingerlings. Partnering with private companies enabled young people to obtain business and technical knowledge in addition to a market for their produce. 623 FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER
title: Contract farming and public private partnerships in aquaculture Lessons learned from East African countries
year: 2018

abstract: What level of financial incentive is necessary in order to encourage the commercial applications of beneficial scientific findings? Some argue that the public and private economic worlds are inextricably intertwined and that all benefit when entrepreneurs seek to turn scientific knowledge into profit. Others believe that the unregulated acquisition of profits is unjustified if it clearly derives from public funds or the nonprofit research activities of others.
author_names: Loren E Lomasky
title: Who should profit from the business of science? Public money, private gain, profit for all.
venue: The Hastings Center report
year: 1987

abstract: The expected influx of Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G will provide new opportunities for uplink traffic offloading. In general, base stations with proximity require lower transmission power of the IoT device (IoTD) thus saving energy consumption as spectral efficiency (SE) of the transmissions increase. By letting IoTDs send to base stations with better link conditions the IoTDs' battery lifetime is prolonged. In this paper, we present a many to many offloading scheme for uplink traffic. The scheme works when link conditions are private information and gives incentives to all involved players to participate. We believe this approach is better suited for the expected complex ecosystem of 5G base station cells. The sensitivity analyses show that there is a limited gain by requiring that the link conditions are public knowledge. Further, the suggested market optimizes the SE for all involved players. Numerical results show that the IoTDs can on average increase their SE with 25% and their spectral energy efficiency with 40% The networks which are offloaded to and from can both expect an increase in the SE of 1% 6% Sensitivity analyses show that the market equilibrium's benefits are robust as they stay positive for a range of different network configurations. Also, the work proves that market equilibrium is stable and unique. To derive the equilibrium, two approaches are presented, a closed form solution and a distributed algorithm, that both are solvable in polynomial time.
author_names: Endre Hegland Hjort Kure

Paal Einar Engelstad

Sabita Maharjan

Stein Gjessing

Yan Zhang
title: Distributed Uplink Offloading for IoT in 5G Heterogeneous Networks Under Private Information Constraints
venue: IEEE Internet of Things Journal
year: 2019

abstract: This article uses a unique research design to statistically analyze how a firm's public private network can shape its upgrading capabilities. Such a network includes a firm's ties to other firms as well as to associations, cooperatives, schools, and publicly supported institutions that aim to help firms innovate. We develop our argument through an examination of the transformation of the Argentine wine industry in two provinces that uses data from a unique field survey we designed and implemented in 2004 05 to statistically analyze the relative impact of firm level factors, inter firm networks, and ties to non firm organizations and institutions. While inter firm networks are vital to upgrading, institutions bring value to firms in helping reconfigure socio economic relationships. First, they can help firms improve process and product upgrading capabilities and graduate them to more sophisticated inter firm networks. Second, linkages to institutions appear especially helpful to the extent they help the firm gain access to a variety of knowledge in different communities of producers. Governments can aid upgrading and competitiveness, especially in emerging markets, by building public private institutions that not only offer supply side resources to firms but also act as bridges across regions.
author_names: Gerald Mcdermott

Rafael A Corredoira

Gregory B Kruse
title: Public Private Networks as Sources of Knowledge and Upgrading Capabilities: A Parametric Stroll through Argentine Vineyards
year: 2007

abstract: This paper explores the apparent paradox that while public sector auditors have become more powerful by claiming performance auditing expertise and linking this to New Public Management reforms, the same reforms have provided an opening for competition between private and public sector auditors. In Denmark, the competitive relation has led to a jurisdictional dispute between public and private sector auditors in which the former have developed a special qualification for public sector auditors. The paper analyses the development of this qualification using Abbott's (1988) theory of the system of professions, thus focusing on how the involved groups have attempted to build networks of support for their competing jurisdictional claims of expertise. The case contributes to knowledge about the potential for development of a distinct public sector auditor identity. The case suggests that to develop such an identity and gain professional recognition, public sector auditors need to convince parliaments, standard setting bodies and universities that a public sector auditing qualification serves as a solution to some of their problems, too.
author_names: Kim Klarskov Jeppesen
title: Jurisdictional Competition between Private and Public Sector Auditors: The Case of the Danish Certified Public Sector Auditor Qualification
year: 2012

abstract: Introduction In today's competitive environment it is important for organizations to innovate, improve and adapt itself with the changing environment. This can be realized if the potential of the human resource is fully optimized and they are in a trajectory of growth and dynamism. Human resource development plays an imperative role in developing a learning environment where the knowledge and intellect can grow. The HR subsystems like performance appraisal, training, feedback and other planned developmental activities coupled with enabling climate helps an employee to gain competencies and realize their potential. The term HRD was first coined by Leonard Nadler who defined it as a series of organized activities which are conducted within a specified time and designed to produce behavioral change. The HRD Climate of an organization plays an important role in ensuring competency, motivation and development of its employees (Patel, 2005) HRD Climate was found to be positively correlated with organizational effectiveness and productivity (Jain, Singhal Singh, 1997) The study by Rohmetra in 1998, found that job satisfaction was positively associated with HRD Climate. Kumar Patnaik (2002) found that a positive relationship exists between HRD Climate and job satisfaction, attitude and role efficacy. Krishnaveni Ramkumar in their study (2006) titled "Impact of developmental climate on individual's behavior in organizations" found that HRD Climate is positively associated with the level of role satisfaction of individuals in the organization. Purang in her paper (2006) titled "HRD Climate: Comparative Analysis of Public, Private and Multinational Organizations" reported HRD Climate perception of employees in private and multinational organizations to be significantly better than in public sector organizations. Venkateswaran (1997) made a study in a public sector undertaking in India and found that, to a large extent, a favorable HRD climate was prevalent in the organization understudy. M. Srimannarayana (2001) identified below average level of HRD climate in a software organization in India. However, Agarwala (2002) found that the HRD climate was significantly more developmental in the IT industry when compared to the automobile industry. Mishra Bhardwaj (2002) carried out a HRD climate survey in a private sector undertaking in India and concluded that the HRD climate in that organization was good. Lewlyn (2004) conducted a study in the engineering institutes in India and found the HRD climate to be highly satisfactory. In this study we will do a comparative analysis of HRD Climate in the public and private sector banks in India Human Resource Development HRD has been defined by various authors and lay stress how it develops the human resource. It is an organized learning experience provided by employees within a specified period to bring about the possibility of performance improvement and/or personal growth (Nadler Nadler, 1989) It is the integrated use of training and development, organization development, and career development to improve individual, group, and organizational effectiveness (McLagan, 1989) Rao (1985) says that it is a process by which the employees of an organization are helped in a continuous, planned way to acquire or sharpen capabilities required to perform various functions associated with their present or expected future roles, develop their general capabilities as individuals and discover and exploit their own potentials for their own and/or organizational development purposes and develop an organizational culture in which supervisor subordinate relationships, teamwork, and collaboration among subunits are strong and contribute to the professional well being, motivation, and pride of employees. HRD provides a platform for an employee to grow and play a vital role in the growth of an organization. Guest Davey (1996) suggest, for example, that for organizations to attract and retain high quality employees in an employability or transactional contract environment, they must provide "challenge, autonomy, impressive extrinsic rewards and, above all, opportunities to learn and thereby become more marketable and more able to move on to the next job.
author_names: Shweta Mittal
title: HRD Climate in Public and Private Sector Banks
year: 2013