Search query: Electromigration—A brief survey and some recent results

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abstract: Recently, electromigration has been identified as a potential wear out failure mode for semiconductor devices employing metal film conductors of inadequate cross sectional area. A brief survey of electromigration indicates that although the effect has been known for several decades, a great deal of the processes involved is still unknown, especially for complex metals and solute ions. Earlier design equations are improved to account for conductor film cross sectional area as well as film structure, film temperature, and current density. Design curves are presented which permit the construction of high reliability "infinite life" aluminum conductors for specific conditions of maximum current and temperature stress expected in use. It is also shown that positive gradients, in terms of electron flow, of temperature, current density, or ion diffusion coefficient foreshorten conductor life because they present regions where vacancies condense to form voids.
author_names: James R Black
title: Electromigration A brief survey and some recent results
year: 1969

abstract: The novel coronavirus, namely SARS CoV 2, emerged from central China in December 2019 and then spread rapidly worldwide. It has infected hundreds of thousands of people and killed several thousand thus far. The illness caused by this coronavirus is called COVID 19 and has been declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. Although a series of existing drugs have shown some promise in treating COVID 19, there is currently no approved medication that treat this disease. In this focus review, we aim to summarize the available literature on the potential usefulness of existing drugs against COVID 19.
author_names: Soma Majedi

Serveh Majedi
title: Existing drugs as treatment options for COVID 19: A brief survey of some recent results
year: 2020

abstract: During the past few decades, networked systems have gained increasing attention and a wider range of applications have been found in areas such as industrial control and signal processing. This paper provides a brief survey of recent results on control and filtering for networked systems. In depth analysis and discussion is first made on networked control and event triggered control, where existing research methods on networked control systems are summarized. Then, network based filtering is also reviewed. Finally, some challenging problems are presented to direct future research.
author_names: Xian-Ming Zhang

Qinglong Han

Yu-Long Wang
title: A brief survey of recent results on control and filtering for networked systems
venue: 2016 12th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA)
year: 2016

abstract: In this paper, we mainly review the topics in consensus and coordination of multi agent systems, which have received a tremendous surge of interest and progressed rapidly in the past few years. Focusing on different kinds of constraints on the controller and the self dynamics of each individual agent, as well as the coordination schemes, we categorize the recent results into the following directions: consensus with constraints, event based consensus, consensus over signed networks, and consensus of heterogeneous agents. We also review some applications of the very well developed consensus algorithms to the topics such as economic dispatch problem in smart grid and k means clustering algorithms.
author_names: Jiahu Qin

Qichao Ma

Yang Shi

Long Wang
title: Recent Advances in Consensus of Multi Agent Systems: A Brief Survey
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
year: 2017

abstract: The generalized Lebesgue Ramanujan Nagell equation is an important type of polynomial exponential Diophantine equation in number theory. In this survey, the recent results and some unsolved problems of this equation are given.
author_names: Maohua Le

Gokhan Soydan
title: A brief survey on the generalized Lebesgue Ramanujan Nagell equation
year: 2020

abstract: We present some recent results in Fibrewise General Topology with special regard to the theory of Tychonoff compactifications of mappings. Several open problems are also proposed.
author_names: Giorgio Nordo
title: A Brief Survey on Fibrewise General Topology
year: 2020

abstract: Deep learning has made significant contribution to the recent progress in artificial intelligence. In comparison to traditional machine learning methods such as decision trees and support vector machines, deep learning methods have achieved substantial improvement in various prediction tasks. However, deep neural networks (DNNs) are comparably weak in explaining their inference processes and final results, and they are typically treated as a black box by both developers and users. Some people even consider DNNs (deep neural networks) in the current stage rather as alchemy, than as real science. In many real world applications such as business decision, process optimization, medical diagnosis and investment recommendation, explainability and transparency of our AI systems become particularly essential for their users, for the people who are affected by AI decisions, and furthermore, for the researchers and developers who create the AI solutions. In recent years, the explainability and explainable AI have received increasing attention by both research community and industry. This paper first introduces the history of Explainable AI, starting from expert systems and traditional machine learning approaches to the latest progress in the context of modern deep learning, and then describes the major research areas and the state of art approaches in recent years. The paper ends with a discussion on the challenges and future directions.
author_names: Feiyu Xu

Hans Uszkoreit

Yangzhou Du

Wei Fan

Dongyan Zhao

Jun Zhu
title: Explainable AI: A Brief Survey on History, Research Areas, Approaches and Challenges
venue: NLPCC
year: 2019

abstract: Consensus problems of multi agent systems have attracted an ever increasing interest in the control community due to their great potential in various applications such as cooperative unmanned air vehicles, automated highway systems scheduling, air traffic control, sensor networks. This paper presents a brief overview of theoretical development of consensus in a sampled data setting, paying special attention to those published since 2011. Recent results in this area are categorized into several directions, such as consensus based on periodic sampling, variable sampling, stochastic sampling, and event triggered communication. In particular, for event triggered consensus, some typical patterns of event triggering conditions are reviewed based on different definitions of a transmission error and a threshold.
author_names: Xiaohua Ge

Qinglong Han
title: A brief survey of recent advances in consensus of sampled data multi agent systems
venue: IECON 2016 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
year: 2016

abstract: The method of, and apparatus for, producing a yarn using a friction spinning device comprising a perforated first friction spinning drum and a second friction spinning drum which can also be perforated. Two fiber feed passages project to the first friction spinning drum and are each supplied by opening assemblies which individualize or individually separate the fibers. The fibers are transported toward the first friction spinning drum using a feed air stream in the fiber feed passages. This feed air stream is produced by the first friction spinning drum which is maintained under sub pressure. Advantageously, the fiber double feed to the friction spinning drum permits supplying two different fiber types to the same yarn end. Also, different inclinations of the fibers at the friction spinning drum can be obtained by different inclinations of the fiber feed passages in order to produce yarns of different character.
author_names: Venkatesan Guruswami
title: List Decoding of Binary Codes A Brief Survey of Some Recent Results
venue: IWCC
year: 2009

abstract: Abstract Risk assessment is essential for various purposes such as facility siting, safeguarding, and licensing. Hazard identification (HAZID) which suffers greatly from incompleteness, is still the weakest link in risk assessment. Of course, this recognition is not new and many efforts have been spent to improve the situation, of which some have been rather successful. To find out what can go wrong, creative divergent thinking is required. Hazard identification should result in scenario definition. In that respect, applying the present tools as HAZOP and FMEA there is still a great emphasis on the material and equipment aspects. In contrast, underlying management and leadership failure in its many forms reflecting in organizational and human failure, due to complexity, attracts much less attention. Unlike in HAZID, in accident investigation the occurrence of an event with nasty consequences is no doubt a fact, so there must be one or more causes and the traces will lead to them. Over the years, methods for accident and incident investigation have gone through a significant evolution. From the early on simplistic domino stone model and the human operator always at fault, via models of latent failure due to failing management involvement and via extensive root cause analysis (RCA) to a system approach. Hence, in accident investigation, management failure appearing in the many possible forms of human and organizational factors, obtained already 30 years ago with the RCA technique much attention, while it nowadays culminates in the socio technical system approach. So, the question arises whether for improved HAZID we can learn from the accident investigation experience. In addition, safer design and advances from static risk assessment towards more accurate predictive operational dynamic risk assessment and management, will also be enabled by possibilities offered by big data and analytics. Digitization, automation and simulation, hence computerization, will be of great help in improving the identification of hazards and tracing the corresponding scenarios. The paper reviews the developmental history of both accident investigation and hazard identification methodology; incidentally it will identify commonality and differences. On the basis of the comparison and of recent advances in computerization, the paper will investigate to what extent beneficial modifications and additions can be made to obtain a higher degree of completeness in HAZID.
author_names: Hans J Pasman

William J Rogers

M Sam Mannan
title: How can we improve process hazard identification? What can accident investigation methods contribute and what other recent developments? A brief historical survey and a sketch of how to advance
year: 2018