Search query: self-cleaning of women

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abstract: Today, nanoparticles have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their special properties as well as their many technological applications. Among these, titanium dioxide nanoparticles have many important applications in various industries due to their excellent optical, electrical and catalytic properties. These applications include use in industrial pigments, as photocatalysts in environmental cleansing, in sunscreens to protect the skin, in photovoltaic applications for solar cells, sensors, in electronic device components, and many more. Two important properties of this material that make it very efficient and useful in life are its photocatalytic and superhydrophobic properties. These two properties are used to purify water and wastewater, eliminate air pollution and buildings, accelerate photochemical reactions such as hydrogen production, fabricate surfaces and layers and self cleaning glass. The properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles are strongly dependent on the size of the doped particles, elements or compounds and the surface modifications made on them, which in turn are influenced by the nanoparticle synthesis method. For this reason, methods for the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles have received much attention today. As the size of the material gets smaller and smaller and reaches the nanoscale, new physical and chemical properties show up. Among the unique properties of nanomaterials, the motion of electrons and holes in semiconductor nanomaterials is dominated by quantum constraint, and the transfer properties of phonons and photons are strongly influenced by the size and geometry of the material. The effective surface area and surface to volume ratio increase with decreasing the material size. High effective levels are achieved by small particles, which will be useful in many 2TiO based types of equipment in which the interaction of the common surface of the material is important.
author_names: Chen Luo

Jingting Li

Jie Xu
title: Comparative Study of Post Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries
year: 2020

abstract: OBJECTIVE Vulvovaginal health is important to women's overall health, fertility, sexuality, self perception, self confidence and intimacy. It is important to identify the existing perceptions and levels of knowledge about intimate care practices from women in different countries, and with different cultures, religions, and perspectives to help women overcome barriers to optimal intimate care. METHODS An anonymous online survey about general and intimate hygiene routines/habits was distributed across 10 countries (England, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Russia, China, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand) The sample consisted of around 10,000 women (aged 18 to 60 years) recruited through an online panel. RESULTS The survey indicates that for many women, cleaning the intimate area is not just about hygiene, but also about taking care of themselves. Intimate care practices, performed daily, varies widely among the countries (from 38% to 91% Italy, Philippines Portugal, Russia and Thailand were the countries with higher percentage. Intimate care is mainly associated with hygiene and health benefit, but interestingly women engage in intimate care more often with age. Most women worldwide are comfortable talking about female genitalia but still consider it a taboo topic, particularly among younger generations. Asian countries continue to carry negative connotations. CONCLUSIONS This survey is the first of its kind for number of women involved in this research and for multi cultural design. Women perceive that practicing intimate care positively impacts their health and wellbeing. However, intimate care is still not one of the most frequent daily routines for many women.
author_names: Prof Filippo Murina

Alessandra Graziottin

Odile Bagot

Nick Panay

Manopchai Thamkhantho

Steven W Shaw
title: Real World Practices and Attitudes Towards Intimate Self Care: Results From An International Women's Survey.
venue: Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction
year: 2021

abstract: Aim To determine the level of knowledge of periodontal diseases, practices regarding oral hygiene, and self perceived periodontal problems among pregnant and postnatal women attending reproductive and child health clinics in rural districts of Zambia. Methodology This was a quantitative, questionnaire based, descriptive, and cross sectional study that recruited 410 women aged 15 to 43 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS v19.0 computer program. Results Participants knowledgeable of periodontal diseases were 62% gingivitis signs included gum swelling (87.4% and bleeding (93.3% Of all participants, 95.6% practiced tooth brushing: twice/day (38.5% using plastic toothbrush (95.6% chewing stick (12.2% toothpick (10.7% dental floss (2.0% and tongue cleaning (55.4% Self reported periodontal problems were bleeding gums (23.2% gums that were reddish (10.5% swollen (11.0% painful (15.9% and mobile teeth (3.4% In logistic regression analysis, painful gums, reddish gums, and toothpick use were 21.9, 4.7, and 4.3 respectively, significantly more likely to cause gum bleeding on tooth brushing. Conclusions Most studied women had general knowledge of periodontal diseases but only few knew the cause. All participants performed tooth cleaning; however, majority did not know appropriate practices, and only few had periodontal problems. Integration of oral health to general health promotion and periodontal therapy to pregnant women at high risk is recommended.
author_names: T M Kabali

E G Mumghamba
title: Knowledge of Periodontal Diseases, Oral Hygiene Practices, and Self Reported Periodontal Problems among Pregnant Women and Postnatal Mothers Attending Reproductive and Child Health Clinics in Rural Zambia
venue: International journal of dentistry
year: 2018

abstract: BACKGROUND Women can experience symptoms of gingival inflammation during pregnancy. However, whether clinical signs of gingival inflammation were present already before pregnancy and whether women perceive an alteration in their periodontal health status during pregnancy compared to their periodontal health status before pregnancy remain unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the self reported periodontal conditions in pregnant Dutch women as perceived before and during pregnancy. METHODS This cross sectional survey was performed by asking women visiting two midwifery practices to complete a structured questionnaire. The data, which considered the women's oral hygiene habits, perceived periodontal health status before and during pregnancy and dental visits, were gathered and analysed. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used when appropriate. RESULTS Most of the respondents (mean age: 29.6 years) brushed their teeth twice a day (72.2% and 62.0% used interdental cleaning devices. Significant differences in periodontal health before and during pregnancy were perceived. No differences with respect to periodontal disease symptoms between the three trimesters during pregnancy were found. The symptom with the greatest increase was bleeding gums. This was followed by symptoms of painful and swollen gums. Of the 61.5% women who disclosed their plans to become pregnant to their dental care practitioner, 53.9% received information regarding the possibility of alterations in oral health status during pregnancy. Because of the perceived alterations in oral health status during pregnancy, approximately 11% of the women scheduled an additional appointment with their dental care professional for advice. CONCLUSION During the pregnancy period, perceived alterations in periodontal health status were reported as compared to the oral health situation before pregnancy. Furthermore, approximately 50% of the women who visited a dental professional and disclosed their (plans) of pregnancy did not receive specific information concerning their periodontal health during pregnancy.
author_names: Valeriya Stelmakh

Dagmar Else Slot

G A Fridus Van der Weijden
title: Self reported periodontal conditions among Dutch women during pregnancy
venue: International journal of dental hygiene
year: 2017

abstract: Introduction Nomads move from one settlement to another, thus it has been difficult to have adequate documentation about their oral health and that of their children. Aim To investigate the perception and practices of nomadic Fulani women toward their children's oral health. Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted among 197 Fulani women using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Results Perceived causes of tooth decay included tooth germs/worms (23.9% and sugar (5.1% and 32.0% 15.2% and 5.1% respectively, self medicated children with antibiotics, traditional concoctions/herbs, and analgesics for tooth decay. Two fifths (40.1% attributed bleeding gums to tooth germs/worms. Polyurethane foam (46.7% toothbrush (32.0% finger (18.8% and wooden twigs (2.5% were aids used for cleaning children's teeth. Conclusions These mothers have suboptimal oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward their children's oral health. There is a need for urgent intervention among this group of people.
author_names: Olubunmi Olusola Bankole

Folake Barakat Lawal

Abimbola Balogun
title: Perception and Practices of Nomadic Women in a Rural Community in Southwestern Nigeria to Their Children's Oral Health
venue: International quarterly of community health education
year: 2017

abstract: BackgroundHousehold cleaning and pesticide products may contribute to breast cancer because many contain endocrine disrupting chemicals or mammary gland carcinogens. This population based case control study investigated whether use of household cleaners and pesticides increases breast cancer risk.MethodsParticipants were 787 Cape Cod, Massachusetts, women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1988 and 1995 and 721 controls. Telephone interviews asked about product use, beliefs about breast cancer etiology, and established and suspected breast cancer risk factors. To evaluate potential recall bias, we stratified product use odds ratios by beliefs about whether chemicals and pollutants contribute to breast cancer; we compared these results with odds ratios for family history (which are less subject to recall bias) stratified by beliefs about heredity.ResultsBreast cancer risk increased two fold in the highest compared with lowest quartile of self reported combined cleaning product use (Adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.3) and combined air freshener use (Adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.0) Little association was observed with pesticide use. In stratified analyses, cleaning products odds ratios were more elevated among participants who believed pollutants contribute "a lot" to breast cancer and moved towards the null among the other participants. In comparison, the odds ratio for breast cancer and family history was markedly higher among women who believed that heredity contributes "a lot" (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.9, 3.6) and not elevated among others (OR 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5, 1.1).ConclusionsResults of this study suggest that cleaning product use contributes to increased breast cancer risk. However, results also highlight the difficulty of distinguishing in retrospective self report studies between valid associations and the influence of recall bias. Recall bias may influence higher odds ratios for product use among participants who believed that chemicals and pollutants contribute to breast cancer. Alternatively, the influence of experience on beliefs is another explanation, illustrated by the protective odds ratio for family history among women who do not believe heredity contributes "a lot." Because exposure to chemicals from household cleaning products is a biologically plausible cause of breast cancer and avoidable, associations reported here should be further examined prospectively.
author_names: Ami R Zota

Ann Aschengrau

Ruthann A Rudel

Julia Green Brody
title: Self reported chemicals exposure, beliefs about disease causation, and risk of breast cancer in the Cape Cod Breast Cancer and Environment Study: a case control study
venue: Environmental health a global access science source
year: 2010

abstract: This study aimed at determining whether oral health behavior differs between patients regularly checked by male and female dentists. The analysis was based on a cross sectional survey of 354 Japanese community residents (median age 54 years; 145 men and 209 women) conducted in a municipality from January to February 2017. Data on demographic characteristics and factors associated with oral health behavior were obtained through self administered questionnaires. The association between regular dentist gender and patients' regular dental care check up and interdental cleaning performance was examined after adjusting for potential confounders. Among respondents, 88.7% and 11.3% reported having male and female regular dentists, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression model, patients regularly checked by female dentists had an increased likelihood of visiting their dentist for dental care check up at least once every year (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09 4.55)and using an interdental cleaner (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.03 6.71) compared to those regularly checked by male dentists. Patients regularly checked by female dentists tended to have more preventive oral health behaviors than those regularly checked by male dentists. These findings suggest that dentist gender has important clinical implications for patients' oral health behavior.
author_names: Kenji Takeuchi

Yuki Noguchi

Yukie Nakai

Toshiyuki Ojima

Yoshihisa Yamashita
title: Dentist gender related differences in patients' oral health behaviour.
venue: Journal of oral science
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract To examine pain, occupational performance problems, and quality of life (QoL) and possible associations between these variables, 41 elderly women with acute pain due to a fracture of the upper extremity were assessed with COPM, DASH, validated questions on pain, and a global question on QoL. The participants reported 802 performance problems: 38% within self care, 52% within productivity, and 10% within leisure. Strength demanding bilateral activities in cleaning, hygiene, and cooking were most frequently reported. The median COPM performance and satisfaction scores were 2.8 and 3.4; the mean DASH score was 44.27. Pain frequency and intensity as well as QoL correlated moderately with the number of performance problems on the COPM. QoL was in general not very reduced and correlated only negligibly with pain. The DASH score correlated moderately with the total number of performance problems on the COPM and with the COPM satisfaction score, and it can be argued that a finding of a low DASH score in elderly women with upper extremity fractures should be followed up by a referral to occupational therapy. Future studies, preferably follow up studies, are called for to further explore the multiple factors leading to performance problems in women with fractures of the upper extremity and to explore possible associations between activity performance and QoL.
author_names: Merete Klindt Dekkers

Tove Lise Nielsen
title: Occupational performance, pain, and global quality of life in women with upper extremity fractures
venue: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy
year: 2011

abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide which is characterized by early onset and diagnosis at advanced stages in Iranian women. Increasing women's awareness and implementing breast cancer screening programs detect cancer earlier and reduce mortality. Physicians play a pivotal role in this regard. Further, there is limited literature about knowledge, attitude, and screening behaviors in Iranian women. Using a questionnaire, we assessed and compared breast cancer knowledge, attitude, and screening behaviors in 102 female physicians and 94 female non health care personnel, who were mostly from the hospital's cleaning and housekeeping sections. Of the physicians and of non health care personnel, respectively, 93.1 and 24.7 felt confident about their knowledge and 37.6 and 26.1 performed monthly breast self examination. Of physicians aged 40 and over, 31.25 and 18.75 had clinical breast examination and mammogram, respectively, within 12 months prior to date of data collection. In non health care personnel aged 40 and over, the results were 27.59 for clinical breast examination and 17.24 for mammogram at the same period of time. Despite the higher knowledge and socioeconomic class of physicians, there were no significant difference in screening behaviors between physicians and non health care personnel (P 0.05)
author_names: Maryam Kadivar

Soodabeh Joolaee

Azadeh Joulaee

Nasser Bahrani

Niloufar Raeis Hosseini
title: Breast Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes and Screening Behaviors in Two Groups of Iranian Women: Physicians and Non health Care Personnel
venue: Journal of Cancer Education
year: 2012

abstract: This chapter presents seven cases of social entrepreneurs, to illustrate the need for the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship in our increasingly intertwining global society. The seven cases are the following: (1) Kenton Lee's Shoe that Grows in the US, inspired by children without shoes in Kenya, (2) Andy Moon's Sunfarmer solar energy project, inspired by healthcare and farming energy problems in Nepal, (3) Jeremiah Kimbugwe's sanitary napkin operation to enhance women's participation in education and professional development in Uganda, (4) Luis Cruz' Eyeboard system to assist physically disabled persons in Honduras, (5) William Kamkwamba's construction of electricity resources to ensure energy in his village in Malawi, (6) Brittany Wenger's artificial brain to timely help detect cancer in the US, and (7) Arpit Dhupar's self cleaning trap for particulate matter emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, to reduce pollution in India. Each of the cases will briefly be evaluated on the basis of three aspects to determine social entrepreneurship: (1) the predominance of a social mission, (2) the importance of innovation, and (3) the role of earned income.
author_names: Joan F Marques
title: A Case for Social Entrepreneurship in Our Times
year: 2020