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abstract: We design photonic crystal waveguides with efficient chiral light matter interfaces that can be integrated with solid state quantum emitters. By using glide plane symmetric waveguides, we show that chiral light matter interaction can exist even in the presence of slow light with slowdown factors of up to 100 and therefore the light matter interaction exhibits both strong Purcell enhancement and chirality. This allows for near unity directional b factors for a range of emitter positions and frequencies. Additionally, we design an efficient mode adapter to couple light from a standard nanobeam waveguide to the glide plane symmetric photonic crystal waveguide. Our work sets the stage for performing future experiments on a solid state platform. c (c) 2016 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (270.5580) Quantum electrodynamics; (350.4238) Nanophotonics and photonic crystals. References and links 1. J. T. Shen and Shanhui Fan, "Coherent photon transport from spontaneous emission in one dimensional waveguides," Opt. Lett. 30, 2001 (2005) 2. M. Arcari, I. Sollner, A. Javadi, S. Lindskov Hansen, S. Mahmoodian, J. Liu, H. Thyrrestrup, E. H. Lee, J. D. Song, S. Stobbe, and P. Lodahl, "Near unity coupling efficiency of a quantum emitter to a photonic crystal waveguide," Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 093603 (2014) 3. A. Schwagmann, S. Kalliakos, I. Farrer, J. P. Griffiths, G. A. C. Jones, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J. Shields, "On chip single photon emission from an integrated semiconductor quantum dot into a photonic crystal waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261108 (2011) 4. A. Javadi, I. Sollner, M. Arcari, S. Lindskov Hansen, L. Midolo, S. Mahmoodian, G. Kirsanskee, T. Pregnolato, E. H. Lee, J. D. Song, S. Stobbe, and P. Lodahl, "Single photon non linear optics with a quantum dot in a waveguide," Nat. Commun. 6, 8655 (2015) 5. J. D. Hood, A. Goban, A. Asenjo Garcia, M. Lu, S. P. Yu, D. E. Chang, and H. J. Kimble, "Atom atom interactions around the band edge of a photonic crystal waveguide," arXiv:1603.02771 (2016) 6. V. S. C. Manga Rao and S. Hughes, "Single quantum dot Purcell factor and b factor in a photonic crystal waveguide," Phys. Rev. B 75, 205437 (2007) 7. J. Bleuse, J. Claudon, M. Creasey, N. S. Malik, J. M. Gerard, I. Maksymov, J. P. Hugonin, and P. Lalanne, "Inhibition, enhancement, and control of spontaneous emission in photonic nanowires," Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 103601 (2011) 8. G. Lecamp, P. Lalanne, and J. P. Hugonin, "Very large spontaneous emission b factors in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 023902 (2007) 9. P. Lodahl, S. Mahmoodian, and S. Stobbe, "Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures," Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 347 (2015) 10. J. Petersen, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, "Chiral nanophotonic waveguide interface based on spin orbit interaction of light," Science 346, 67 (2014) 11. I. Sollner, S. Mahmoodian, S. L. Hansen, L. Midolo, G. Kirsanske, T. Pregnolato, H. El Ella, E. H. Lee, J. D. Song, S. Stobbe, and P. Lodahl, "Deterministic photon emitter coupling in chiral photonic circuits," Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 775 (2015) 12. R. J. Coles, D. M. Price, J. E. Dixon, B. Royall, E. Clarke, P. Kok, M. S. Skolnick, A. M. Fox, and M. N. Makhonin, "Chirality of nanophotonic waveguide with embedded quantum emitter for unidirectional spin transfer," Nat. Commun. 7, 11183 (2016) 13. P. Lodahl, S. Mahmoodian, S. Stobbe, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, A. Rauschenbeutel, H. Pichler, and P. Zoller, "Chiral quantum optics," arXiv:1608.00446 (2016) 14. K. Stannigel, P. Rabl, and P. Zoller, "Driven dissipative preparation of entangled states in cascaded quantum optical networks," New J. Phys. 14(6) 063014 (2012) 15. K. Xia, G. Lu, G. Lin, Y. Cheng, Y. Niu, S. Gong, and J. Twamley, "Reversible nonmagnetic single photon isolation using unbalanced quantum coupling," Phys. Rev. A 90, 043802 (2014) 16. Cl. Sayrin, C. Junge, R. Mitsch, B. Albrecht, D. O'Shea, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel. "Nanophotonic optical isolator controlled by the internal state of cold atoms," Phys. Rev. X 5, 041036 (2015) Vol. 7, No. 1 1 Jan 2017 OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 43 #278115 http:/dx.doi.org/10.1364/OME.7.000043 Journal (c) 2017 Received 3 Oct 2016; accepted 9 Nov 2016; published 5 Dec 2016 17. M. Scheucher, A. Hilico, E. Will, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, "Quantum optical circulator controlled by a single chirally coupled atom," arXiv:1609.02492 (2016) 18. H. Pichler, T. Ramos, A. J. Daley, and P. Zoller. "Quantum optics of chiral spin networks," Phys. Rev. A 91, 042116 (2015) 19. A. B. Young, A. C. T. Thijssen, D. M. Beggs, P. Androvitsaneas, L. Kuipers, J. G. Rarity, S. Hughes, and R. Oulton, "Polarization engineering in photonic crystal waveguides for spin photon entanglers," Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 153901 (2015) 20. B. Lang, D. M. Beggs, and R. Oulton, "Time reversal constraint limits unidirectional photon emission in slow light photonic crystals," arXiv:1601.04591 (2016) 21. K. Y. Bliokh and F. Nori, "Transverse spin of a surface polariton," Phys. Rev. A 85(6) 061801 (2012) 22. A. A. Sukhorukov, S. Ha, A. S. Desyatnikov, A. V. Lavrinenko, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Slow light vortices in periodic waveguides," J. Opt. A 11(9) 094016 (2009) 23. S. G. Johnson and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Bloch iterative frequency domain methods for Maxwell's equations in a planewave basis," Opt. Express 8, 173 (2001) 24. M. Z. Hasan and C. L. Kane, "Colloquium: topological insulators," Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045 (2010) 25. L. H. Frandsen, A. V. Lavrinenko, J. Fage Pedersen, and P. I. Borel, "Photonic crystal waveguides with semi slow light and tailored dispersion properties," Opt. Express 14, 9444 (2005) 26. Alisa Javadi et al. In preparation (2014) 27. S. Mahmoodian, P. Lodahl, and A. Soresensen. "Quantum networks with chiral light matter interaction in waveguides," arXiv:1602.07054 (2016) 28. J. D Cohen, S. M Meenehan, and O. Painter, "Optical coupling to nanoscale optomechanical cavities for near quantum limited motion transduction," Opt. Express 21(9) 11227 11236 (2013) 29. D. Taillaert, F. Van Laere, M. Ayre, W. Bogaerts, D. Van Thourhout, P. Bienstman, and R. Baets, "Grating couplers for coupling between optical fibers and nanophotonic waveguides," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45(8R) 6071 (2006) 30. J. P. Hugonin, P. Lalanne, T. P. White, and T. F. Krauss. "Coupling into slow mode photonic crystal waveguides," Opt. Lett. 32, 2638 (2007) 31. C. Martijn de Sterke, K. B. Dossou, T. P. White, L. C. Botten, and R. C. McPhedran, "Efficient coupling into slow light photonic crystal waveguide without transition region: role of evanescent modes," Opt. Express 17, 17338 (2009)
author_names: N -
title: Engineering chiral light matter interaction in photonic crystal waveguides with slow light
year: 2016

abstract: In this chapter, four works involving the application of self assembly NSL processes to GaN based material are introduced, mainly to deal with the light extraction issues of GaN LEDs so as to suppress light confinement through reduction of total internal reflections at the GaN/air interfaces. Two electroluminescence devices incorporating nanosphere patterned structure are first discussed; the self assembled array of spheres with varying dimensions serves as a hard mask to form the close packed PhCs onto the ITO film (Li and Choi, J Appl Phys 110 (5) 2011, [1] and the intermediate layer of semiconductor (Li et al, Appl Phys Lett 102 (18) 2013, [2] To extend the function of sphere pattern array, dimensionadjusting procedure is employed to overcome the restrictions of close packed patterning and realize photonic bandgap structures. With a well defined periodic arrangement and with sufficiently large refractive index contrast between GaN and ambient, a wavelength tunable PBG in the visible region can be opened up, which forbids the propagation of light within a specific range of frequencies and is extremely useful in molding the flow of emitted light from an LED. Two non close packed periodic patterns, namely air spaced (Li and Choi, J Appl Phys 109 (2) 2011, [3] and clover shaped (Li et al, Appl Phys Lett 100 (14) 2013, [4] PBG structures, are highlighted in this chapter. 3.1 InGaN Light Emitting Diodes with Indium Tin Oxide Photonic Crystal Current Spreading Layer Photonic crystal patterns on the indium tin oxide layer of an InGaN/GaN LED are fabricated by NSL in combination with dry etching. The silica spheres acting as an etch mask are self assembled into HCP monolayer array. After etching, the photonic crystal pattern is formed across the ITO films so that the semiconductor layers are left intact and thus free of etch damages. Despite slight degradation to electrical properties, the ITO PhC LEDs exhibited enhancements of optical emission power (c) Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 K.H. Li, Nanostructuring for Nitride Light Emitting Diodes and Optical Cavities, Springer Theses, DOI 10.1007/978 3 662 48609 2_3 21 by as much as 64 over an as grown LED. The optical performances and mechanisms of the photonic crystal LEDs are investigated with the aid of rigorous coupled wave analysis and finite difference time domain simulations.
author_names: Kwai Hei Li
title: Nanostructuring for Nitride Light Emitting Diodes and Optical Cavities
year: 2016

abstract: Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org 1623 2. Ackland GL, Whittle J, Toner A, et al: Molecular Mechanisms Autonomic Dysfunction and Impaired Cardiac Contractility in Critical Illness. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:e614 e624 3. Lymperopoulos A, Bathgate A: Arrestins in the cardiovascular system. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2013; 118:297 334 4. Lymperopoulos A, Rengo G, Koch WJ: GRK2 inhibition in heart failure: Something old, something new. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:186 191 5. Penela P, Nogues L, Mayor F Jr: Role of G protein coupled receptor kinases in cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 27:10 17 6. Sorriento D, Fusco A, Ciccarelli M, et al: Mitochondrial G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 regulates proinflammatory responses in macrophages. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3487 3494 7. Bathgate Siryk A, Dabul S, Pandya K, et al: Negative impact of b arrestin 1 on post myocardial infarction heart failure via cardiac and adrenal dependent neurohormonal mechanisms. Hypertension 2014; 63:404 412 8. Lymperopoulos A, Negussie S: bArrestins in cardiac G protein coupled receptor signaling and function: Partners in crime or "good cop, bad cop" Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24726 24741 9. Zhang L, Li F, Zhi G, et al: NADPH oxidase contributes to the left ventricular dysfunction induced by sinoaortic denervation in rats. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:57 66 10. Salazar NC, Vallejos X, Siryk A, et al: GRK2 blockade with bARKct is essential for cardiac b2 adrenergic receptor signaling towards increased contractility. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:64 11. Watari K, Nakaya M, Nishida M, et al: b arrestin2 in infiltrated macrophages inhibits excessive inflammation after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68351 12. Capote LA, Mendez Perez R, Lymperopoulos A: GPCR signaling and cardiac function. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:143 148 13. Challand C, Struthers R, Sneyd JR, et al: Randomized controlled trial of intraoperative goal directed fluid therapy in aerobically fit and unfit patients having major colorectal surgery. Br J Anaesth 2012; 108:53 62 14. Iaccarino G, Barbato E, Cipolletta E, et al: Elevated myocardial and lymphocyte GRK2 expression and activity in human heart failure. Eur Heart J 2005; 26:1752 1758 15. McCrink KA, Brill A, Lymperopoulos A: Adrenal G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 in regulation of sympathetic nervous system activity in heart failure. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:539 543
author_names: Tobias Eckle
title: New "Guidance" for the Treatment of Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Through Semaphorins and Plexins.
venue: Critical care medicine
year: 2016

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author_names: Karthik Jeganathan

Jazeel F Limzerwala

Darren J Baker

Naomi Hamada

Ryan M Naylor

Nicole A Becker

Brian A Davies

Janine H van Ree

David J Katzmann

Jan M van Deursen
title: immune responses in control of viral infection in the liver, and provide a paradigm for HAV patho
year: 2016

abstract: A black box phase sensitive amplifier based 3R regeneration scheme is proposed for non return to zero quadrature phase shift keyed formatted signals. Performance improvements of more than 2 dB are achieved at the presence of input phase distortion. (c) 2016 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.1155) All optical networks; (060.1660) Coherent communications; (070.4340) Non linear optical signal processing; (190.4380) Four wave mixing; (190.4410) Non linear optics, parametric processes. References and links 1. A. D. Ellis, N. Mac Suibhne, D. Saad, and D. N. Payne,"Communication networks beyond the capacity crunch," Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A374(2062) 20150191 (2016) 2. H. J. Thiele, A. D. Ellis, and I. D. Phillips,"Recirculating loop demonstration of 40 Gbit/s all optical 3R data regeneration using a semiconductor nonlinear interferometer," Electron. Lett. 35(3) 230 231 (1999) 3. M. A. Sorokina and S. K. Turitsyn, "Regeneration limit of classical Shannon capacity," Nat. Commun. 5, 3861 (2014) 4. M. A. Sorokina, "Design of multilevel amplitude regenerative system," Opt. Lett. 39(8) 2499 2502 (2014) 5. L. Li and M. Vasiliev, "All optical 2R regenerator of 16 QAM signals," Proc. SPIE 9009, 900908 (2013) 6. T. Roethlingshoefer, G. Onishchukov, B. Schmauss, G. Leuchs, "All optical simultaneous multilevel amplitude and phase regeneration," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26(6) 556 559 (2014) 7. J. Kakande, R. Slavik, F. Parmigiani, A. Bogris, D. Syvridis, L. Gruner Nielsen, R. Phelan, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, "Multilevel quantization of optical phase in a novel coherent parametric mixer architecture," Nat. Photonics5(12) 748 752 (2011) 8. S. Sygletos, M. E. McCarthy, S. J. Fabbri, M. A. Sorokina, M. F. C. Stephens, I. D. Phillips, E. Giacoumidis, N. M. Suibhne, P. Harper, N. J. Doran, S. K. Turitsyn, and A. D. Ellis, "Multichannel regeneration of dual quadrature signals," in Proceedings of ECOC 2014, paper We.1.5.4. 9. J. Leuthold, B. Mikkelsen, R. E. Behringer, G. Raybon, C. H. Joyner, and P. A. Besse, "Novel 3R regenerator based on semiconductor optical amplifier delayed interference configuration," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13(8) 860 862 (2001) 10. Z. Zhu, M. Funabashi, P. Zhong, L. Paraschis, D. L. Harris, and S. J. B. Yoo, "High performance optical 3R regeneration for scalable fiber transmission system applications," J. Lightwave Technol. 25(2) 504 511 (2007) 11. A. Bogoni, P. Ghelfi, M. Scaffardi, L. Poti, "All optical regeneration and demultiplexing for 160 Gb/s transmission systems using a NOLM based three stage scheme," IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(1) 192 196 (2004) 12. W. A. Pender, T. Widdowson, and A. D. Ellis, "Error free operation of a 40 Gbit/s all optical regenerator," Electron. Lett. 32(6) 567 (1996) 13. M. Matsumoto, "A fiber based all optical 3R regenerator for DPSK signals," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(5) 273 275 (2007) 14. T. Otani, T. Miyazaki, and S. 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author_names: Padmanabhan A

F S

S M

Pashkovskaia Id

K S

EL A D

S S
title: QPSK 3 R regenerator using a phase sensitive amplifier
year: 2016

abstract: We demonstrate a compact, pulsed diode laser source suitable for multiphoton microscopy of biological samples. The center wavelength is 976 nm, near the peak of the two photon cross section of common fluorescent markers such as genetically encoded green and yellow fluorescent proteins. The laser repetition rate is electrically tunable between 66.67 kHz and 10 MHz, with 2.3 ps pulse duration and peak powers >1 kW. The laser components are fiber coupled and scalable to a compact package. We demonstrate >600 mm depth penetration in brain tissue, limited by laser power. (c) 2016 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (140.3538) Lasers, pulsed; (140.5960) Semiconductor lasers; (180.2520) Fluorescence microscopy; (180.4315) Nonlinear microscopy. References and links 1. P. Theer, M. T. Hasan, and W. Denk, "Two photon imaging to a depth of 1000 mm in living brains by use of a Ti:Al2O3 regenerative amplifier," Opt. Lett. 28, 1022 1024 (2003) 2. F. Helmchen and W. 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Boyden, "A wirelessly powered and controlled device for optical neural control of freely behaving animals," J. Neural Eng. 8, 046021 (2011) 8. M. E. Llewellyn, K. R. Thompson, K. Deisseroth, and S. L. Delp, "Orderly recruitment of motor units under optical control in vivo," Nat. Med. 16, 1161 1165 (2010) 9. L. Grosenick, J. H. Marshel, and K. Deisseroth, "Closed loop and activity guided optogenetic control," Neuron 86, 106 139 (2015) 10. C. Xu and W. W. Webb, "Measurement of two photon excitation cross sections of molecular fluorophores with data from 690 to 1050 nm," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 481 491 (1996) 11. D. Trautlein, F. Adler, K. Moutzouris, A. Jeromin, A. Leitenstorfer, and E. Ferrando May, "Highly versatile confocal microscopy system based on a tunable femtosecond Er:fiber source," J. Biophoton. 1, 53 61 (2008) 12. S. Tang, J. Liu, T. B. Krasieva, Z. Chen, and B. J. Tromberg, "Developing compact multiphoton systems using femtosecond fiber lasers," J. Biomed. Opt. 14, 030508 (2009) 13. L. Huang, A. K. Mills, Y. Zhao, D. J. Jones, and S. Tang, "Miniature fiber optic multiphoton microscopy system using frequency doubled femtosecond Er doped fiber laser," Biomed. Opt. Express 7, 1948 1956 (2016) 14. E. P. Perillo, J. E. McCracken, D. C. Fernee, J. R. Goldak, F. A. Medina, D. R. Miller, H. C. Yeh, and A. K. Dunn, "Deep in vivo two photon microscopy with a low cost custom built mode locked 1060 nm fiber laser," Biomed. Opt. Express 7, 324 334 (2016) 15. M. Kuramoto, N. Kitajima, H. Guo, Y. Furushima, M. Ikeda, and H. Yokoyama, "Two photon fluorescence bioimaging with an all semiconductor laser picosecond pulse source," Opt. Lett. 32, 2726 2728 (2007) Vol. 8, No. 1 1 Jan 2017 BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 315 #268560 Journal (c) 2017 http:/dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.8.000315 Received 7 Sep 2016; revised 3 Nov 2016; accepted 3 Nov 2016; published 16 Dec 2016 16. R. Aviles Espinosa, G. Filippidis, C. Hamilton, G. Malcolm, K. J. Weingarten, T. Sudmeyer, Y. Barbarin, U. Keller, S. I. Santos, D. Artigas, and P. Loza Alvarez, "Compact ultrafast semiconductor disk laser: targeting GFP based nonlinear applications in living organisms," Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 739 747 (2011) 17. J. T. Gopinath, B. Chann, R. K. Huang, C. Harris, J. J. Plant, L. Missaggia, J. P. Donnelly, P. W. Juodawlkis, and D. J. Ripin, "980 nm monolithic passively mode locked diode lasers with 62 pJ of pulse energy," IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 19, 937 939 (2007) 18. F. R. Ahmad, Y. W. Tseng, M. A. Kats, and F. Rana, "Energy limits imposed by two photon absorption for pulse amplification in high power semiconductor optical amplifiers," Opt. Lett. 33, 1041 1043 (2008) 19. H. Yokoyama, H. Guo, T. Yoda, K. Takashima, K. Sato, H. Taniguchi, and H. Ito, "Two photon bioimaging with picosecond optical pulses from a semiconductor laser," Opt. Express 14, 3467 3471 (2006) 20. K. Taira, T. Hashimoto, and H. Yokoyama, "Two photon fluorescence imaging with a pulse source based on a 980 nm gain switched laser diode," Opt. Express 15, 2454 2458 (2007) 21. H. Yokoyama, H. Tsubokawa, H. Guo, J. Shikata, K. Sato, K. Takashima, K. Kashiwagi, N. Saito, H. Taniguchi, and H. Ito, "Two photon bioimaging utilizing supercontinuum light generated by a high peak power picosecond semiconductor laser source," J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 054019 (2007) 22. B. H. Kolner and M. Nazarathy, "Temporal imaging with a time lens," Opt. Lett. 14, 630 632 (1989) 23. T. Khayim, M. Yamauchi, D. S. Kim, and T. Kobayashi, "Femtosecond optical pulse generation from a CW laser using an electrooptic phase modulator featuring lens modulation," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 1412 1418 (1999) 24. J. van Howe, J. H. Lee, and C. Xu, "Generation of 3.5 nJ femtosecond pulses from a continuous wave laser without mode locking," Opt. Lett. 32, 1408 1410 (2007) 25. Y. Dai and C. Xu, "Generation of high repetition rate femtosecond pulses from a CW laser by a time lens loop," Opt. Express 17, 6584 6590 (2009) 26. A. Ishizawa, T. Nishikawa, A. Mizutori, H. Takara, H. Nakano, T. Sogawa, A. Takada, and M. Koga, "Generation of 120 fs laser pulses at 1 GHz repetition rate derived from continuous wave laser diode," Opt. Express 19, 22402 22409 (2011) 27. K. Wang, C. W. Freudiger, J. H. Lee, B. G. Saar, X. S. Xie, and C. Xu, "Synchronized time lens source for coherent Raman scattering microscopy," Opt. Express 18, 24019 24024 (2010) 28. A. J. Metcalf, V. Torres Company, D. E. Leaird, and A. M. Weiner, "High power broadly tunable electrooptic frequency comb generator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19, 231 236 (2013) 29. K. Wang and C. Xu, "Wavelength tunable high energy soliton pulse generation from a large mode area fiber pumped by a time lens source," Opt. Lett. 36, 942 944 (2011) 30. M. J. R. Heck, J. F. Bauters, M. L. Davenport, J. K. Doylend, S. Jain, G. Kurczveil, S. Srinivasan, Y. Tang, and J. E. Bowers, "Hybrid silicon photonic integrated circuit technology," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 19, 6100117 (2013) 31. X. Guo, V. Olle, A. Quarterman, A.Wonfor, R. Penty, and I.White, "Monolithically integrated selectable repetition rate laser diode source of picosecond optical pulses," Opt. Lett. 39, 4144 4147 (2014) 32. K. A. Williams, E. A. J. M. Bente, D. Heiss, Y. Jiao, K. Lawniczuk, X. J. M. Leijtens, J. J. G. M. van der Tol, and M. K. Smit, "InP photonic circuits using generic integration," Photon. Res. 3, B60 B68 (2015) 33. W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, and W. W. Webb, "Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences," Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 1369 1377 (2003) 34. E. G. Hughes and B. Appel, "The cell biology of CNS myelination," Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 39, 93 100 (2016) 35. C. L. Evans, E. O. Potma, M. Puoris'haag, D. Cote, C. P. Lin, and X. S. Xie, "Chemical imaging of tissue in vivo with video rate coherent anti stokes Raman scattering microscopy," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 16807 16812 (2005) 36. B. N. Ozbay, J. T. Losacco, R. Cormack, R. Weir, V. M. Bright, J. T. Gopinath, D. Restrepo, and E. A. Gibson, "Miniaturized fiber coupled confocal fluorescence microscope with an electrowetting variable focus lens using no moving parts," Opt. Lett. 40, 2553 2556 (2015)
author_names: N D

O N

G A

G T
title: Compact diode laser source for multiphoton biological imaging
year: 2016

abstract: Macroscopic systems subjected to injection and dissipation of energy can exhibit complex spatiotemporal behaviors as result of dissipative self organization. Here, we report a oneand two dimensional pattern forming setup, which exhibits a transition from stationary patterns to spatiotemporal chaotic textures, based on a nematic liquid crystal layer with spatially modulated input beam and optical feedback. Using an adequate projection of spatiotemporal diagrams, we determine the largest Lyapunov exponent. Jointly, this exponent and Fourier transform allow us to distinguish between spatiotemporal chaos and amplitude turbulence concepts, which are usually merged. (c) 2016 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (190.0190) Nonlinear optics; (190.3100) Instabilities and chaos; (230.3720) Liquid crystal devices. References and links 1. F. T. Arecchi, G. Giacomelli, P. L. Ramazza, and S. Residori, "Experimental evidence of chaotic itinerancy and spatiotemporal chaos in optics," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2531 2534 (1990) 2. G. Huyet, M. C. Martinoni, J. Tredicce, and S. Rica, "Spatiotemporal dynamics of lasers with a large Fresnel number," Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4027 4030 (1995) 3. G. Huyet and J. R. Tredicce, "Spatio temporal chaos in the transverse section of lasers," Physica D 96, 209 214 (1996) 4. A. V. Mamaev and M. Saffman, "Selection of unstable patterns and control of optical turbulence by Fourier plane filtering," Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3499 4502 (1998) 5. E. A. Rogers, R. Kalra, R. D. Schroll, A. Uchida, D. P. Lathrop, and R. Roy, "Generalized synchronization of spatiotemporal chaos in a liquid crystal spatial light modulator," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 084101 (2004) 6. S. Residori, "Patterns, fronts and structures in a liquid crystal light valve with optical feedback," Phys. Rep. 416, 201 272 (2005) 7. K. Staliunas and J. Sanchez Morcillo, Transverse Patterns (Springer Science Business Media, 2003) 8. O. Descalzi, M. G. Clerc, S. Residori, and G. Assanto, eds. Localized States in Physics: Solitons and Patterns (Springer Science Business Media, 2011) 9. M. Tlidi, K. Staliunas, K. Panajotov, A. G. Vladimirov, and M. G. Clerc, "Localized structures in dissipative media: from optics to plant ecology," Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 372, 20140101 (2014) 10. G. Nicolis and I. Prigogine, Self Organization in Non Equilibrium Systems (J. Wiley Sons, 1977) 11. G. Nicolis, Introduction to Nonlinear Science (Cambridge University, 1995) 12. P. Coullet and J. Lega, "Defect mediated turbulence in wave patterns," Europhys. Lett. 7, 511 516 (1988) 13. P. Coullet, L. Gil, and J. Lega, "Defect mediated turbulence," Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1619 1622 (1989) 14. G. Goren, J. P. Eckmann, and I. Procaccia, "Scenario for the onset of space time chaos," Phys. Rev. E 57, 4106 4134 (1998) 15. W. Decker, W. Pesch, and A. Weber, "Spiral defect chaos in Rayleigh Benard convection," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 648 651 (1994) 16. B. Echebarria and H. Riecke, "Defect chaos of oscillating hexagons in rotating convection," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4838 4841 (2000) 17. K. E. Daniels and E. Bodenschatz, "Defect turbulence in inclined layer convection," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 034501 (2002) 18. M. Miranda and J. Burguete, "Experimentally observed route to spatiotemporal chaos in an extended onedimensional array of convective oscillators," Phys. Rev. E 79, 046201 (2009) Vol. 24, No. 14 11 Jul 2016 OPTICS EXPRESS 15478 #264113 http:/dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.015478 Journal (c) 2016 Received 27 Apr 2016; revised 30 May 2016; accepted 30 May 2016; published 29 Jun 2016 19. P. Brunet and I. Limat, "Defects and spatiotemporal disorder in a pattern of falling liquid columns," Phys. Rev. E 70, 046207 (2004) 20. Q. Ouyang and J. M. Flesselles, "Transition from spirals to defect turbulence driven by a convective instability," Nature 379, 143 146 (1996) 21. A. Garfinkel, M. L. Spano, W. L. Ditto, and J. N. Weiss, "Controlling cardiac chaos," Science 257, 1230 1235 (1992) 22. S. Q. Zhou and G. Ahlers, "Spatiotemporal chaos in electroconvection of a homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal," Phys. Rev. E 74, 046212 (2006) 23. S. J. Moon, M. D. Shattuck, C. Bizon, D. I. Goldman, J. B. Swift, and H. L. Swinney, "Phase bubbles and spatiotemporal chaos in granular patterns," Phys. Rev. E 65, 011301 (2001) 24. N. Verschueren, U. Bortolozzo, M. G. Clerc, and S. Residori, "Spatiotemporal chaotic localized state in liquid crystal light valve experiments with optical feedback," Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 104101 (2013) 25. N. Verschueren, U. Bortolozzo, M. G. Clerc, and S. Residori, "Chaoticon: localized pattern with permanent dynamics," Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 372, 20140011 (2014) 26. P. Manneville, Dissipative Structures and Weak Turbulence (Academic, 1990) 27. L. Pastur, U. Bortolozzo, and P. L. Ramazza, "Transition to space time chaos in an optical loop with translational transport," Phys. Rev. E 69, 016210 (2004) 28. M. G. Clerc, G. Gonzalez Cortes, and M. Wilson, "Experimental Spatiotemporal Chaotic Textures in a Liquid Crystal Light Valve with Optical Feedback," in Nonlinear Dynamics: Materials, Theory and Experiments, M. Tlidi and M. G. Clerc, eds. (Springer, 2016) 29. M. G. Clerc, C. Falcon, M. A. Garcia Nustes, V. Odent, and I. Ortega, "Emergence of spatiotemporal dislocation chains in drifting patterns," Chaos 24, 023133 (2014) 30. E. Louvergneaux, "Pattern Dislocation Type Dynamical Instability in 1D Optical Feedback Kerr Media with Gaussian Transverse Pumping," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 244501 (2001) 31. S. Bielawski, C. Szwaj, C. Bruni, D. Garzella, G. L. Orlandi, and M. E. Couprie, "Advection induced spectrotemporal defects in a free electron laser" Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 034801 (2005) 32. G. Nicolis, Introduction to Nonlinear Science (Cambridge University, 1995) 33. M. G. Clerc and N. Verschueren, "Quasiperiodicity route to spatiotemporal chaos in one dimensional patternforming systems," Phys. Rev. E. 88, 052916 (2013) 34. K. E. Daniels and E. Bodenschatz, "Defect turbulence in inclined layer convection," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 034501 (2002) 35. Y. Kuramoto, Chemical Oscillations: Waves, and Turbulence (Springer, 1984) 36. U. Frisch, Turbulence: the Legacy of A.N. Kolmogorov (Cambridge University, 1995) 37. A. Wolf, J. B. Swift, H. L. Swinney, and J. A. Vastano, "Determining the Lyapunov exponents from a time series," Physica D 16, 285 317 (1985) 38. E. Ott, Chaos in Dynamical Systems, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University, 2002) 39. H. Abarbanel, Analysis of Observed Chaotic Data (Springer Verlag, 1996)
author_names: C G

C -
title: Optical textures characterizing spatiotemporal chaos
year: 2016

abstract: CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 111, NO. 6, 25 SEPTEMBER 2016 1097 *For correspondence. (e mail: aravind@atree.org) 2. Shiah, F. K. Chung, S. W. Kao, S. J. Gong, G. C. and Liu, K. K. Biological and hydrographical responses to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in the continental shelf of the Taiwan Strait. Cont. Shelf Res. 2000, 20, 2029 2044. 3. Shi, W. and Wang, M. Observations of a hurricane Katrinainduced phytoplankton bloom in the Gulf of Mexico. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34, L11607; doi: 10.1029/2007GL029724. 4. Subrahmanyam, B. Rao, K. H. Rao, N. S. and Murty, V. S. N. Influence of a tropical cyclone on chlorophyll a concentration in the Arabian Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29, 2065 2069. 5. Naik, H. Naqvi, S. W. A. Suresh, T. and Narvekar, P. V. Impact of a tropical cyclone on biogeochemistry of the central Arabian Sea. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 2008, 22, 3020 3031. 6. Lin, I. I. Typhoon induced phytoplankton blooms and primary productivity increase in the western North Pacific subtropical ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117, C03039; doi: 10.1029/ 2011JC007626. 7. Prasanna Kumar, S. et al. Response of the Arabian Sea to global warming and associated regional climate shift. Mar. Environ. Res. 2009, 68, 217 222. 8. Neetu, S. et al. Influence of upper ocean stratification on tropical cyclone induced surface cooling in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117, C12020; doi: 10.1029/2012JC008433. 9. Roy, R. Prathihary, A. Mangesh, G. and Naqvi, S. W. A. Spatial variation of phytoplankton pigments along the southwest coast of India. Estuarine Coastal Shelf. Sci. 2006, 69, 189 195. 10. Gibb, S. W. Cummings, D. G. Irigoien, X. Barlow, R. G. Fauzi, R. and Mantoura, C. Phytoplankton pigment chemotaxonomy of northeastern Atlantic. Deep Sea Res. II, 2001, 48, 795 823. 11. Jeffrey, S. W. and Vesk, M. Introduction to marine phytoplankton and their pigment signatures. In Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography (eds Jeffrey, S. W. Mantoura, F. C. and Wright, S. W. UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 1997, pp. 85 126. 12. Marie, D. Partensky, F. Jacquet, S. and Vaulot, D. Enumeration and cell cycle analysis of natural populations of marine picoplankton by flow cytometry using the nucleic acid stain SYBR Green I. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997, 63, 186 193. 13. Shenoy, D. M. et al. Production of dimethylsulphide during the seasonal anoxia off Goa. Biogeochemistry, 2012, 110, 47 55. 14. Shenoy, D. M. and Dileep Kumar, M. Variability in abundance and fluxes of dimethylsulphide in the Indian Ocean. Biogeochemistry, 2007, 83, 277 292. 15. Bardhan, P. et al. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of suspended particulate organic matter in Zuari Estuary, west coast of India. J. Mar. Syst. 2015, 141, 90 97. 16. Uye, S. I. Nagano, N. and Tamak, H. Geographical and seasonal variations in abundance, biomass and estimated production rates of microzooplankton in the Inland Sea of Japan. J. Oceanogr. 1996, 52, 689 703. 17. Maya, M. V. Karapurkar, S. G. Naik, H. Roy, R. Shenoy, D. M. and Naqvi, S. W. A. Intra annual variability of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in suspended organic matter in waters of the western continental shelf of India. Biogeosciences, 2011, 8, 3441 3456. 18. Rose, K. Roff, J. C. and Hopcroft, R. Production of Penilia avirostris in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. J. Plankton Res. 2004, 26, 605 615. 19. Parab, S. G. et al. Monsoon driven changes in phytoplankton populations in the eastern Arabian Sea as revealed by microscopy and HPLC pigment analysis. Cont. Shelf Res. 2006, 26, 2538 2558. 20. Willey, J. D. and Paeri, H. W. Enhancement of chlorophyll a production in Gulf Stream surface seawater by synthetic versus natural rain. Mar. Biol. 1993, 116, 329 334. 21. Naqvi, S. W. A. et al. Seasonal anoxia over the western Indian continental shelf. In Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability (eds Wiggert, J. D. et al. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA, 2009, pp. 333 345. 22. Madhu, N. V. et al. Enhanced biological production off Chennai triggered by October 1999 super cyclone (Orissa) Curr. Sci. 2002, 82, 1472 1479. 23. Moutin, T. M. and Thingstad, T. F. Does competition for nanomolar phosphate supply explain the predominance of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus? Limnol. Oceanogr. 2002, 47, 1562 1567. 24. Darroch, L. Malin, G. Hatton, A. and Liss, P. Algal production of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) in seawater. Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Canada, 2005; http: search.proquest.com/science/docview/21053815/B9A9214ED51E 4B14PQ/1?accountid=28216. 25. Williams, R. and Claustre, H. Photosynthectic pigments as biomarkers of phytoplankton populations and processes involved in the transformation of particulate organic matter in the Biotrans site (47N, 20W) Deep Sea Res. 1991, 38, 347 355.
author_names: Neelavara Ananthram Aravind

Roshmi Rekha Sarma

N A Madhyastha
title: Conservation of Cremnoconchus Blanford 1869, an Iconic Freshwater Gastropod Genus from the Western Ghats, India
year: 2016

abstract: We present a new approach to engineering broadband sources of entangled photon pairs for quantum interferometry. The source is based on quasi phase matched spontaneous parametric down conversion in a titanium diffused periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide with a strongly chirped poling period. The proposed non standard asymmetric poling mitigates phase distortions associated with the process of chirping. Asymmetric poling significantly broadens the entangled source bandwidth while preserving high visibility quantum interferometric sensing. c (c) 2016 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (260.2030) Dispersion; (120.3180) Interferometry; (270.0270) Quantum optics. References and links 1. C. K. Hong, Z. Y. Ou, and L. Mandel, "Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference," Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2044 2046 (1987) 2. K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, P. G. Kwiat, and A. Zeilinger, "Dense coding in experimental quantum communication," Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4656 4659 (1996) 3. D. Bouwmeester, J. W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, "Experimental quantum teleportation," Nature 390, 575 579 (1997) 4. A. Zeilinger, "Quantum entanglement: a fundamental concept finding its applications," Phys. Scripta T 76, 203 209 (1998) 5. W. Tittel, G. Ribordy, and N. Gisin, "Quantum cryptography," Phys. World 11, 41 45 (1998) 6. J. D. Franson, "Nonlocal cancellation of dipersion," Phys. Rev. A 45, 3126 3132 (1992) 7. A. M. Steinberg, P. G. Kwiat, and R. Y. Chiao, "Dispersion cancellation and high resolution time measurements in a fourth order optical interferometer," Phys. Rev. A 45, 6659 6665 (1992) 8. P. G. Kwiat, A. M. Steinberg, and R. Y. Chiao, "High visibility interference in a Bell inequality experiment for energy and time," Phys. Rev. A 47, R2472 R2475 (1993) 9. A. F. Abouraddy, M. B. Nasr, B. E. A. Saleh, A. V. Sergienko, and M. C. Teich, "Quantum optical coherence tomography with dispersion cancellation," Phys. Rev. A 65, 053817 (2002) 10. M. Atature, G. Di Giuseppe, M. D. Shaw, B. E. A. Saleh, A. V. Sergienko, and M. C. Teich, "Multi parameter entanglement in quantum interferometry," Phys. Rev. A 66, 023822 (2001) 11. J. T. Barreiro, N. K. Langford, N. A. Peters, and P. G. Kwiat, "Generation of hyperentangled photons pairs," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 260501 (2005) 12. A. V. Sergienko, Y. H. Shih, and M. H. Rubin, "Experimental evaluation of a two photon wavepacket in type ii parametric down conversion," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 859 (1995) 13. E. Dauler, G. Jaeger, A. Muller, A. Migdall, and A. Sergienko, "Tests of a two photon technique for measuring polarization mode dispersion with subfemtosecond precision," J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stan. Tech. 104, 1 10 (1999) 14. A. Fraine, O. Minaeva, D. Simon, R. Egorov, and A. Sergienko, "Evaluation of polarization mode dispersion in a telecommunication wavelength selective switch using quantum interferometry," Opt. Express 20, 2025 2033 (2012) 15. P. G. Kwiat, K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, A. V. Sergienko, and Y. H. Shih, "New high intensity source of polarization entangled photon pairs," Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4337 4341 (1995) 16. A. Martin, A. Issautier, H. Herrmann, W. Sohler, D. B. Ostrowsky, O. Alibart, and S. Tanzilli, "A polarization entangled photon pair source based on a type ii ppln waveguide emitting at a telecom wavelength," New J. Phys. 12, 103005 (2010) 17. J. A. Armstrong, N. Bloembergen, J. Ducuing, and P. S. Pershan, "Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric," Phys. Rev. 127, 1918 1939 (1962) Vol. 24, No. 22 31 Oct 2016 OPTICS EXPRESS 24947 #274234 http:/dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.024947 Journal (c) 2016 Received 22 Aug 2016; revised 5 Oct 2016; accepted 5 Oct 2016; published 17 Oct 2016 18. M. M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, and R. L. Byer, "Quasi phase matched second harmonic generation: Tuning and tolerances," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 2631 (1992) 19. L. E. Myers, R. C. Eckardt, M. M. Fejer, R. L. Byer, W. R. Bosenberg, and J. W. Pierce, "Quasi phase matched optical parametric oscillators in bulk periodically poled LiNbO3," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 2102 2116 (1995) 20. S. Krapick, H. Herrmann, V. Quiring, H. S. B Brecht, and C. Silberhorn, "An efficient integrated two color source for heralded single photons," New J. Phys. 15, 033010 (2012) 21. M. B. Nasr, S. Carrasco, B. E. A. Saleh, A. V. Sergienko, M. C. Teich, J. P. Torres, L. Torner, D. S. Hum, and M. M. Fejer, "Ultrabroadband biphotons generated via chirped quasi phase matched optical parametric down conversion," Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 183601 (2008) 22. M. Charbonneau Lefort, B. Afeyan, and M. M. Fejer, "Optical parametric amplifiers using chirped quasiphasematching gratings i: practical design formulas," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, 463 (2008) 23. A. Fraine, O. Minaeva, D. S. Simon, R. Egorov, and A. V. Sergienko, "Broadband source of polarization entangled photons," Opt. Lett. 37, 1910 (2012) 24. J. Huang, X. P. Xie, C. Langrock, R. V. Roussev, D. S. Hum, and M. M. Fejer, "Amplitude modulation and apodization of quasiphase matched interactions," Opt. Lett. 31, 604 (2006) 25. C. Heese, C. R. Phillips, L. Gallmann, M. M. Fejer, and U. Keller, "Role of apodization in optical parametric amplifiers based on aperiodic quasiphasematching gratings," Opt. Express 20, 18066 (2012) 26. M. H. Rubin, D. N. Klyshko, Y. H. Shih, and A. V. Sergienko, "Theory of two photon entanglement in type ii optical parametric down conversion," Phys. Rev. A 50, 5122 5133 (1994) 27. A. Fraine, D. Simon, O. Minaeva, R. Egorov, and A. Sergienko, "Precise evaluation of polarization mode dispersion by separation of even and odd order effects in quantum interferometry," Opt. Express 19, 22820 22836 (2011)
author_names: S V
title: Spectrally engineered broadband photon source for two photon quantum interferometry
year: 2016

abstract: The dynamic spatial control of light fields is essential to a range of applications, from microscopy to optical micro manipulation and communications. Here we describe the use of a single digital micro mirror device (DMD) to generate and rapidly switch vector beams with spatially controllable intensity, phase and polarisation. We demonstrate local spatial control over linear, elliptical and circular polarisation, allowing the generation of radially and azimuthally polarised beams and Poincare beams. All of these can be switched at rates of up to 4kHz (limited only by our DMD model) a rate ~2 orders of magnitude faster than the switching speeds of typical phase only spatial light modulators. The polarisation state of the generated beams is characterised with spatially resolved Stokes measurements. We also describe detail of technical considerations when using a DMD, and quantify the mode capacity and efficiency of the beam generation. 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author_names: M J

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title: High speed spatial control of the intensity phase and polarisation of vector beams using a digital micro mirror device
year: 2016