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abstract: Perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable progress in recent years as power conversion efficiencies have already eclipsed 24% highest of all thin film photovoltaic technologies. In addition to unprecedented optoelectronic properties unseen in traditional semiconductors, low formation energy and solution processability open the door to low cost and high throughput solution coating strategies for commercialization. This review presents recent work on the fabrication of perovskite films by meniscus coating a simple and readily scalable manufacturing technique which includes blade coating and slot die coating. The article outlines the fundamental fluid mechanisms of meniscus coating, discusses drying and crystallization of the perovskite during the coating process, and provides an overview of progress in meniscus coated perovskite solar cells and modules.
author_names: Xuezeng Dai

Yehao Deng

Charles H Van Brackle

Jinsong Huang
title: Meniscus fabrication of halide perovskite thin films at high throughput for large area and low cost solar panels
venue: International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
year: 2019

abstract: Solar irradiation is a green and sustainable renewable energy source which is largely harnessed through photovoltaic and thermal cell surfaces. It is one of the fastest growing clean power technologies with high global growth figures, due to its simplicity, affordability and abundant availability. Solar power systems is one of the fastest growing interventions augmenting fossil power and its application is now expanding beyond domestic utilization to commercial and industrial dependence. Due to continuous change in the position of the sun together with other salient factors, only a fraction of the suns energy potential is harnessed. The paper is focused on sharing an optimization option that has effectively addressed a major gap experienced in conventional solar power system installation as applicable to light emitting diodes traffic light systems. The continuous movement of the sun limits maximum sun light irradiation absorption and solar trackers are practical solutions to this drawback. The high cost of solar trackers has however been the major limitation to their adoption. The Introduction of microcontroller based solar tracking systems using Arduino board was found to be cost effective, and it improved the efficiency of the solar cells significantly. In the study, the maximum power point tracking algorithm was designed and developed using multiple axis servo motor feedback tracking system, which increased the efficiency of the solar panel array by 23.95%
author_names: Timothy Laseinde

Dominic Ramere
title: Low cost automatic multi axis solar tracking system for performance improvement in vertical support solar panels using Arduino board
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract Solar energy utilization by rural households in Poland contributes to the EU mandated increase in renewable energy use, while lowering emission, dependence on fossil fuels, and energy costs, and improving air quality. Using the survey data collected from owners of passive solar panels in rural areas, this study examines the importance of selected reasons in household decision to participate in the EU funded solar panel subsidy program augmented by contributions from local governments and each household. Associations between nine reasons to invest in a solar panel and characteristics of respondents, their households, and solar panel features were examined using correlation coefficients. An ordered logit technique was also applied and calculations based on estimation results yielded probability changes in the relative importance attached to a selected reason for investing in a panel in response to a change in a respondent, household, or solar panel characteristic. The desire to save on energy used to heat space or water, and lower the energy bill as well as being unemployed or having part time employment increased the probability of viewing the total cost, installation cost, subsidy, and the energy costs prior to having a solar panel as important. Those viewing the solar energy favorably were, overall, less likely to consider lowering the energy bill prior to putting a solar panel as important, while those perceiving solar panel features as troublesome were also less likely to view the listed reasons as important.
author_names: Anna Klepacka

Wojciech J Florkowski

Ting Meng
title: Clean, accessible, and cost saving: Reasons for rural household investment in solar panels in Poland
year: 2018

abstract: Testing PV modules are one of the important procedures to ensure the conformity with the standards and quality of this equipment. To implement some of the PV modules tests a data acquisition system is required. This paper presents the design and implementation of a data acquisition system for photovoltaic systems. The developed system is characterized by a low cost board based on a microcontroller. The description of the hardware as well an application to test its performance is presented. The developed system can be used for reading, storing and analyzing information from several photovoltaic systems. Experimental tests are presented to confirm the characteristics of the developed data acquisition board.
author_names: Omar Henni

Mustapha Belarbi

Kamel Haddouche

El Habib Belarbi
title: Design and Implementation of a Low Cost Characterization System for Photovoltaic Solar Panels
year: 2017

abstract: Abstract In 2017, Bahrain's Cabinet endorsed the country's first national renewable energy action plan. The plan included the installation of residential solar photovoltaic cells as a means of using renewable energy in government built housing units. This was followed by the establishment of the country's first photovoltaic solar panel manufacturing company and the introduction of a net metering policy. However, public acceptance of residential solar panels has not been researched. This study aimed to address this gap through the distribution of an online survey. A total of 764 complete responses were received. The results showed a considerable number of respondents were interested in installing solar panels. However, the respondents recognized several challenges in both buying and installing them, including capital cost, lack of information, and maintenance requirements. This study's findings offer insights on how the public perceives solar panels, along with issues the government needs to address to ensure successful public participation in the use of solar energy in the residential sector in Bahrain.
author_names: Maha Alsabbagh
title: Public perception toward residential solar panels in Bahrain
venue: Energy Reports
year: 2019

abstract: With the enormous growth in the development and utilization of solar energy resources, the proliferation of waste solar panels has become problematic. While current research into solar panels has focused on how to improve the efficiency of the production capacity, the dismantling and recycling of end of life (EOL) panels are seldom considered, as can be seen, for instance, in the lack of dedicated solar panel recycling plants. EOL solar panel recycling can effectively save natural resources and reduce the cost of production. To address the environmental conservation and resource recycling issues posed by the huge amount of waste solar panels regarding environmental conservation and resource recycling, the status of the management and recycling technologies for waste solar panels are systemically reviewed and discussed in this article. This review can provide a quantitative basis to support the recycling of PV panels, and suggests future directions for public policy makers. At present, from the technical aspect, the research on solar panel recovery is facing many problems, and we need to further develop an economically feasible and non toxic technology. The research on solar photovoltaic panels' management at the end of life is just beginning in many countries, and there is a need for further improvement and expansion of producer responsibility.
author_names: Yan Xu

Jinhui Li

Quanyin Tan

Anesia Lauren Peters

Congren Yang
title: Global status of recycling waste solar panels: A review.
venue: Waste management
year: 2018

abstract: Use of solar panels is gaining an ever increasing foothold in society, especially on the roof of the houses for feeding domestic electrical appliances in recent times. In many situations, the expensive solar panels stop working due to some external nuisances which goes unnoticed to the users. There is a need of a low cost monitoring system to get information of the defected solar panels for timely repair and maintenance. The design, development, and trial work of a performance monitoring system of distributed solar panels along with automated data logging based on a low cost wireless sensors network has been reported to help the current situation. The developed system can be used up to 146 V and 15.5 A solar cell systems with automatic selection of best resolutions. The system can be extended for wide range of solar cells for material research and development activities. The fabricated system has been used for field trials and very satisfactory results are obtained.
author_names: Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna
title: Field Trials and Performance Monitoring of Distributed Solar Panels Using a Low Cost Wireless Sensors Network for Domestic Applications
year: 2011

abstract: Use of solar panels is gaining an ever increasing foothold in society, especially on the roof of the houses for feeding domestic electrical appliances in recent times. In many situations, the expensive solar panels stop working due to some external nuisances which goes unnoticed to the users. There is a need of a low cost monitoring system to get information of the defected solar panels for timely repair and maintenance. The design, development, and trial work of a performance monitoring system of distributed solar panels along with automated data logging based on a low cost wireless sensors network has been reported to help the current situation. The developed system can be used up to 146 V and 15.5 A solar cell systems with automatic selection of best resolutions. The system can be extended for wide range of solar cells for material research and development activities. The fabricated system has been used for field trials and very satisfactory results are obtained.
author_names: C Ranhotigamage

Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
title: Field Trials and Performance Monitoring of Distributed Solar Panels Using a Low Cost Wireless Sensors Network for Domestic Applications
venue: IEEE Sensors Journal
year: 2011

abstract: Abstract An improved cleaning system has been developed that uses electrostatic forces to remove dust from the surface of solar panels. A two phase high voltage is applied to the parallel wire electrodes embedded in the glass plate of a solar panel. It was previously demonstrated that the adhering dust can be repelled from the surface of a slightly inclined panel by applying a low frequency high voltage. However, the performance is low for extremely small dust particles. The proposed system improves the performance by the application of a high voltage, reduction of adhesion force, utilization of natural wind, and frequent operation before the deposition of dust. In addition to the cleaning performance, the frequency response and actual power consumption of the high voltage source was investigated to provide data for the design and efficiency evaluation of the system. It was demonstrated that the energy consumption is extremely small with a simple and potentially low cost high voltage source. This technology is expected to increase the efficiency of the mega solar power plants constructed in deserts at low latitudes.
author_names: Hiroyuki Kawamoto

Bing Guo
title: Improvement of an electrostatic cleaning system for removal of dust from solar panels
year: 2018

abstract: Abstract Hot spotting is a reliability problem in photovoltaic (PV) panels where a mismatched cell heats up significantly and degrades PV panel output power performance. High PV cell temperature due to hot spotting can damage the cell encapsulate and lead to second breakdown, where both cause permanent damage to the PV panel. Therefore, the design and development of a hot spot mitigation technique is proposed using a simple, low cost and reliable hot spot activation technique. The hot spots in the examined PV system is detected using FLIR i5 thermal imaging camera. Several experiments have been studied during various environmental conditions, where the PV module P V curve was evaluated in each observed test to analyze the output power performance before and after the activation of the proposed hot spot mitigation technique. One PV module affected by hot spot was tested. The output power increased by approximate to 3.6 W after the activation of the hot spot mitigation technique. Additional test has been carried out while connecting the hot spot PV module in series with two other PV panels. The results indicate that there is an increase of 3.57 W in the output power after activating the hot spot mitigation technique.
author_names: Mahmoud Dhimish

Violeta Holmes

Peter J Mather

Martin J N Sibley
title: Novel hot spot mitigation technique to enhance photovoltaic solar panels output power performance
year: 2018