Search query: Perovskite solar cell

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abstract: Abstract The rapid increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in last few decades have made them very attractive to the photovoltaic (PV) community. However, the serious challenge is related to the stability under various conditions and toxicity issues. A huge number of articles have been published in PSCs in the recent years focusing these issues by employing different strategies in the synthesis of electron transport layer (ETL) active perovskite layer, hole transport layer (HTL) and back contact counter electrodes. This article tends to focus on the role and classification of different materials used as HTL in influencing long term stability, in improving the photovoltaic parameters and thereby enhancing the device efficiency. Hole Transport Materials (HTMs) are categorized by dividing into three primary types, namely; organic, inorganic and carbonaceous HTMs. To analyze the role of HTM in detail, we further divide these primary type of HTMs into different subgroups. The organic based HTMs are subdivided into three categories, namely; long polymer HTMs, small molecule HTMs and cross linked polymers and the inorganic HTMs have been classified into nickel (Ni) derivatives and copper (Cu) derivatives based HTMs, p type semiconductor based HTMs and transition metal based HTMs. We further analyze the dual role of carbonaceous materials as HTM and counter electrode in the perovskite devices. In addition, in this review, an overview of the preparation methods, and the influence of the thickness of the HTM layers on the performance and stability of the perovskite devices are also provided. We have carried out a detailed comparison about the various classification of HTMs based on their cost effectiveness and considering their role on effective device performance. This review further discusses the critical challenges involved in the synthesis and device engineering of HTMs. This will provide the reader a better insight into the state of the art of perovskite solar devices.
author_names: Selvakumar Pitchaiya

Muthukumarasamy Natarajan

Agilan Santhanam

Vijayshankar Asokan

Akila Yuvapragasam

Venkatraman Madurai Ramakrishnan

Subramaniam E Palanisamy

Senthilarasu Sundaram

Dhayalan Velauthapillai
title: A review on the classification of organic/inorganic/carbonaceous hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell application
year: 2020

abstract: Engineering two /three dimensional (2D/3D) perovskite solar cells is nowadays a popular strategy for efficient and stable devices. However, the exact function of the 2D/3D interface in controlling the long term device behavior is still obscure. Here, we reveal a dynamical structural mutation of the 2D/3D interface: the small cations in the 3D cage move towards the 2D layer, which acts as an ion scavenger. If structurally stable, the 2D layer physically blocks the ion movement at the interface boosting the device stability. Otherwise, the 2D layer embeds them, dynamically self transforming into a quasi 2D structure. The judicious choice of the 2D constituent is decisive in controlling the 2D/3D kinetics and improving the device lifetime, opening a new avenue for perovskite interface design.
author_names: Albertus Adrian Sutanto

Nikita A Drigo

Valentin Ianis Emmanuel Queloz

Ines Garcia-Benito

Ahmad R Kirmani

Lee J Richter

Pascal Alexander Schouwink

Kyung Taek Cho

Sanghyun Paek

Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin

Giulia Grancini
title: Dynamical evolution of the 2D/3D interface: a hidden driver behind perovskite solar cell instability
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have grabbed the attention of the researchers worldwide owing to their outstanding Photovoltaic (PV) performance. PSCs are the future of the PV technology as they are capable of generating power with performance being comparable with the leading Silicon solar cells, with the cost being lower than Silicon solar cells. The enormous potential of PSCs is evident from the fact that the efficiency of these cells has risen from 3.8% to 25.2% within a decade, and it is continuously rising to date. We discuss the features making PSCs superior to contemporary PV technologies. The description of the evolution of efficiency and various architectures used to date has been presented. The perovskite film fabrication techniques with some large scale perovskite solar cell manufacturing techniques are discussed. Despite positive traits, the PSCs have faced some issues, such as degradation in the presence of moisture, oxygen, and UV, toxicity, etc. The impact of these factors with various remedies adopted by researchers has been discussed. However, the instability issue raised by toxicity is not of much concern is supported in this paper. These issues creating obstacles in the path of commercialization of PSCs along with the commercialization road map are discussed thoroughly.
author_names: Priyanka Roy

Numeshwar Kumar Sinha

Sanjay Tiwari

Ayush Khare
title: A review on perovskite solar cells: Evolution of architecture, fabrication techniques, commercialization issues and status
year: 2020

abstract: Two dimensional Ruddlesden Popper phase (2DRP) perovskites are known to exhibit improved photostability and environmental stability compared with their three dimensional (3D) counterparts. However, fundamental questions remain over the interaction between the bulky alkylammoniums and the 2DRP perovskite framework. Here, we unambiguously demonstrate that a sulfur sulfur interaction is present for a new bulky alkylammonium, 2 (methylthio)ethylamine hydrochloride (MTEACl) In addition to a weaker van der Waals interaction, the interaction between sulfur atoms in two MTEA molecules enables a (MTEA) 2 (MA) 4 Pb 5 I 16 n 5) perovskite framework with enhanced charge transport and stabilization. The result is 2DRP perovskite solar cells with significantly improved efficiency and stability. Cells with a power conversion efficiency as high as 18.06% (17.8% certified) are achieved, along with moisture tolerance for up to 1,512 h (under 70% humidity conditions) thermal stability for 375 h (at 85 degC) and stability under continuous light stress (85% of the initial efficiency retained over 1,000 h of operation at the maximum power point) Two dimensional perovskite solar cells have been engineered to be robust against moisture, high temperatures and light stress.
author_names: Hui-Hui Ren

Shidong Yu

Lingfeng Chao

Yingdong Xia

Yuanhui Sun

Shouwei Zuo

Fan Li

Tingting Niu

Yingguo Yang

Huan-xin Ju

Bixin Li

Hai Yan Du

Xingyu Gao

Jie-yu Zhang

Jianpu Wang

Lijun Zhang

Yonghua Chen

Wentao Huang
title: Efficient and stable Ruddlesden Popper perovskite solar cell with tailored interlayer molecular interaction
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Tin based perovskite is a famous competitor to toxic lead based perovskite solar cells. Although lead free perovskite (CH3NH3SnI3) material attracts the attention because of its wider absorption, it suffers from temperature instability. Formamidinium tin iodide (HC(NH2)2SnI3 FASnI3) absorber has more temperature stability than CH3NH3SnI3 with wider band gap (1.41 eV) In this work, a device simulation of FASnI3 based solar cells is performed by using SCAPS. Absorber parameters such as thickness, doping concentration and defect density are varied to inspect their impact on device performance. The effect of changing conduction band offset (CBO) and valence band offset (VBO) doping concentration and thickness of electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) are also studied. Further, various HTL and ETL candidates are investigated such as CuI, Cu2O, NiO, ZnO and ZnSe. To enhance the cell power efficiency, optimization of the device design key parameters is performed. The initial structure is based on an experimental work having a record of 1.75% efficiency. The final performance parameters of the intended solar cell after enhancing them by the presented parametric study are found to be: a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 22.65 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.92 V, fill factor (FF) of 67.74% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.03%
author_names: Sally S Abdelaziz

Abdelhalem Zekry

Ahmed Shaker

Mohamed Anwar Abouelatta
title: Investigating the performance of formamidinium tin based perovskite solar cell by SCAPS device simulation
year: 2020

abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly promising next generation photovoltaic devices because of the cheap raw materials, ideal band gap of 1.5 eV, broad absorption range, and high absorption coefficient. Although lead based inorganic organic PSC has achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% the toxic nature of lead and poor stability strongly limits the commercialization. Lead free inorganic PSCs are potential alternatives to toxic and unstable organic inorganic PSCs. Particularly, double perovskite CsAgBiBr based PSC has received interests for its all inorganic and lead free features. However, the PCE is limited by the inherent and extrinsic defects of CsAgBiBr films. Herein, an effective and facile strategy is reported for improving the PCE and stability by introducing an N719 dye interlayer, which plays multifunctional roles such as broadening the absorption spectrum, suppressing the charge carrier recombination, accelerating the hole extraction, and constructing an appropriate energy level alignment. Consequently, the optimizing cell delivers an outstanding PCE of 2.84% much improved as compared with other CsAgBiBr based PSCs reported so far in the literature. Moreover, the N719 interlayer greatly enhances the stability of PSCs under ambient conditions. This work highlights a useful strategy to boost the PCE and stability of lead free CsAgBiBr based PSCs simultaneously, accelerating the commercialization of PSC technology.
author_names: Xiaoqin Yang

Yonghui Chen

Pengyun Liu

Huimin Xiang

Weitie Wang

Ran Ran

Wei Zhou

Zongping Shao
title: Simultaneous Power Conversion Efficiency and Stability Enhancement of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 Lead Free Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cell through Adopting a Multifunctional Dye Interlayer
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have potential toward commercialization because of their high efficiency and low cost. The hole transport layer (HTL) of p i n perovskite solar cell is usually made of NiOX. However, the NiOX needs to be processed at 300 degC for 15 min for good hole transport property. This long heating time prohibits the development of continuous commercial process. Thus, a rapid heating process for the NiOX film deposition is critical to realize the commercialization of PVSCs in the future. In this study, we develop a facile method to obtain high quality NiOX films annealed by NIR in a short time of 50 s. A short wave NIR lamp at 2500 K was used to systematically investigate the effect of NIR intensity on the film quality of sol gel NiOX. The PVSCs fabricated from NIR annealed NiOX (NIR NiOX) film show a comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to those fabricated from traditional hot plate annealed NiOX (HP NiOX) In addition, the NIR annealed cobalt doped NiOX (NIR Co:NiOX) was synthesized to replace pristine NIR NiOX. The PCE of PVSCs fabricated from this new NiOX film can be increased from 15.99% to 17.77% which is due to the efficient hole extraction, less charge accumulation, and reducing Voc loss resulting from the improved hole mobility, reduced interface resistance and well matched work function. Our study paves a way to fulfill the requirements of low cost and low energy consumption of large scale production of high efficiency PVSCs.
author_names: Pei-Huan Lee

Bo-Ting Li

Chia-Feng Lee

Zhihao Huang

Yu-Ching Huang

Wei-Fang Su
title: High efficiency perovskite solar cell using cobalt doped nickel oxide hole transport layer fabricated by NIR process
year: 2020

author_names: Sean P Dunfield

Lyle Bliss

Fei Zhang

Joseph M Luther

Kai Zhu

Maikel F A M van Hest

Matthew O Reese

Joseph J Berry
title: From Defects to Degradation: A Mechanistic Understanding of Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cell Devices and Modules
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Organic inorganic perovskite solar cells emerge as one of the most promising photovoltaic technology due to its high performances. Particularly, inverted perovskite device architecture, due to low temperature processing, have a great potential in commercialization. High crystalline quality perovskite film and interfacial passivation are essential to yield high performance devices. In this work, we employ a simple strategy of using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as both the interfacial layer and the additive to prepare efficient PSCs. MoS2 as an additive in perovskite can form the CH3NH3PbI3:MoS2 heterostructure, resulting in the homogeneous perovskite film with larger crystal grains. In addition, MoS2 as the buffer layer (BL) between poly (3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene) poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and perovskite can prevent the decomposition of perovskite film by avoiding the direct contact with the hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS films. On tedious optimization, the champion device based on active layer of CH3NH3PbI3:MoS2 (10 v% as well as employing MoS2 buffer layer shows a remarkable improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) (from 15.29% to 18.31% and a better stability, with 87% of the initial efficiency sustained after 20 days. Our finding herein provides a promising way to fabricate high efficiency and stable photovoltaic devices.
author_names: Zhiyong Liu

Kaikai Liu

Feipeng Zhang

Sagar Motilal Jain

Tingwei He

Yuanzhi Jiang

Jien Yang

Hairui Liu

Mingjian Yuan
title: CH3NH3PbI3:MoS2 heterostructure for stable and efficient inverted perovskite solar cell
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Efficient electron transport layer free perovskite solar cells (ETL free PSCs) with cost effective and simplified design can greatly promote the large area flexible application of PSCs. However, the absence of ETL usually leads to the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels, which limits charge transfer and collection, and results in severe energy loss and poor device performance. To address this, a polar nonconjugated small molecule modifier is introduced to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment by virtue of an inherent dipole, as verified by photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The resultant barrier free ITO/perovskite contact favors efficient charge transfer and suppresses nonradiative recombination, endowing the device with enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor, simultaneously. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency increases greatly from 12.81% to a record breaking 20.55% comparable to state of the art PSCs with a sophisticated ETL. Also, the stability is enhanced with decreased hysteresis effect due to interface defect passivation and inhibited interface charge accumulation. This work facilitates the further development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable ETL free PSCs with simplified design and low cost by interface electronic structure engineering through facile electrode modification.
author_names: Like Huang

Danli Zhang

Shixiao Bu

Ruixiang Peng

Qiang Wei

Ziyi Ge
title: Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple Structured Perovskite Solar Cell
venue: Advanced science
year: 2020