Search query: simple yet effective method to determine multiphoton

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abstract: Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are on the vanguard of nonlinear optical materials due to their superb optical properties including tunable multiphoton absorption (MPA) with large absorp.
author_names: Arthur Alo

Leonardo Werneck Trindade de Barros

Gabriel Nagamine

Lucas Vieira

Jun Hyuk Chang

Byeong Guk Jeong

Wan Ki Bae

Lazaro A Padilha
title: Simple Yet Effective Method to Determine Multiphoton Absorption Cross Section of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
year: 2020

abstract: Abstract Two rate flow test is widely used in petroleum industry to determine reservoir parameters because its advantage of avoiding the need of shutting in the well. Field practice of hundreds of wells in Changqing Oilfield, China, show that lacking the pressure data before production rate change period during the two rate flow test which is a customary rule in the pressure measurement is likely to bring about unreasonable interpretation results. In this paper, we extend the three rate flow test (Selim, 1967) by applying Gringarten Bourdet type curve analysis method, rather than specialized plot, to analyze the testing pressure behavior. This method, we call it modified two rate flow (MTRF) technique, is tested by measuring a short period of pressure data for an extra production rate (usually it is designed back to initial stabilized condition to reduce the production losses) based on conventional two rate flow test. As a result, the total measurement time for the MTRF test is nearly equal to, or slightly longer than, conventional two rate flow test, and much shorter than three rate flow test. The mathematical justification of Gringarten Bourdet type curve that applied in MTRF test is re derived, and the well test designs for horizontal and multi fractured horizontal wells are conducted to validate the applicability of the MTRF method. Results show that the results of conventional two rate flow tests are largely dependent on the initial parameters we set, while the results obtained by MTRF method are very close to the correct values even with different and far away initial values. This new technique not only reserves the same advantages as two rate technique, but also minimizes the non uniqueness of the results by add an extra pressure history, thus providing a double check of the results, like permeability, reservoir pressure, and so on.
author_names: Shiqing Cheng

Kaidi Zhang

Xiaoping An
title: Type curve analysis of modified two rate flow test: A simple yet effective technique to minimize the non uniqueness of interpretation results
year: 2020

abstract: Estimation of the parallel wavenumber in plasma devices finds wide applications such as determining the nature of instabilities. This task is often challenging, especially in toroidal magnetic configurations. In the present work, a simple yet effective method of achieving accurate probe alignment along the magnetic field lines is demonstrated in a simple magnetized toroidal device BETA (Basic Experiments in Toroidal Assembly) The alignment was achieved by aligning each probe to a tiny localized plasma source. Such an alignment is necessary for determining the parallel wavenumber precisely. The probe alignment was confirmed further from the measurements in the plasma and the corresponding parallel wavenumber was found to be in good agreement with the analytical predictions.
author_names: Shekar Goud Thatipamula

Umesh K Shukla

Rajaraman Ganesh

Y C Saxena

Daniel Raju
title: A simple experimental method to determine magnetic field topology in toroidal plasma devices.
venue: The Review of scientific instruments
year: 2015

abstract: Nature language inference (NLI) task is a predictive task of determining the inference relationship of a pair of natural language sentences. With the increasing popularity of NLI, many state of the art predictive models have been proposed with impressive performances. However, several works have noticed the statistical irregularities in the collected NLI data set that may result in an over estimated performance of these models and proposed remedies. In this paper, we further investigate the statistical irregularities, what we refer as confounding factors, of the NLI data sets. With the belief that some NLI labels should preserve under swapping operations, we propose a simple yet effective way (swapping the two text fragments) of evaluating the NLI predictive models that naturally mitigate the observed problems. Further, we continue to train the predictive models with our swapping manner and propose to use the deviation of the model's evaluation performances under different percentages of training text fragments to be swapped to describe the robustness of a predictive model. Our evaluation metrics leads to some interesting understandings of recent published NLI methods. Finally, we also apply the swapping operation on NLI models to see the effectiveness of this straightforward method in mitigating the confounding factor problems in training generic sentence embeddings for other NLP transfer tasks.
author_names: Haohan Wang

Da-You Sun

Eric P Xing
title: What If We Simply Swap the Two Text Fragments? A Straightforward yet Effective Way to Test the Robustness of Methods to Confounding Signals in Nature Language Inference Tasks
venue: AAAI
year: 2019

abstract: This paper presents a simple yet effective method to determine the electrical model parameters of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) ozone chamber at frequencies above 20 kHz. The method is an alternative to the conventional Lissajous plot estimation method which appears to yield unsatisfactory results in this frequency range. Furthermore, the proposed technique allows for the chamber parameters to be determined at different frequencies a flexibility which is not easily achievable using the typical Lissajous method. The measurement setup consists of a full bridge inverter and a high frequency variable inductor connected to the DBD chamber. The inductor can be adjusted to allow for parameter determination at different frequencies. The chamber parameters obtained from experimental results are validated by applying them in a high voltage power supply for ozone generator.
author_names: Muhammad Amjad

Zainal Salam

Mochammad Facta

Kashif Ishaque
title: A Simple and Effective Method to Estimate the Model Parameters of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ozone Chamber
venue: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
year: 2012

abstract: Surrogate endpoints offer both benefits and limitations in medicine.1 7 To strengthen inferences from surrogates, interventions are often additionally assessed for effects on clinical endpoints. Yet clinical outcomes may not always offer concrete proof of efficacy. For instance, in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) a drug that increases the platelet level (surrogate) may also result in fewer days of plasmapheresis (clinical endpoint) In this case, improvement in the clinical endpoint of plasmapheresis may be indirectly influenced by knowledge of changes in the surrogate endpoint, that is, platelet levels. Providers may cease plasmapheresis simply upon seeing normalized platelet levels, and thus plasmapheresis may be shorter, but this might occur in the absence of any true change in disease biology. When data supporting a treatment are based on surrogate endpoints and clinical endpoints that are contingent on knowledge of those surrogates, we cannot definitively determine whether the intervention is effective. In this commentary, we wish to separate clinical endpoints that may be mediated by surrogate outcomes from those that are independent of it. We propose that clinical endpoints potentially effected by provider interpretation of surrogate endpoints do not offer stronger inference about interventions compared to surrogate endpoints alone. How do we know which clinical endpoints are mediated by provider interpretation of surrogate outcomes and which are not? A simple thought experiment can clarify. When randomized controlled studies reach positive results, imagine what would occur if we substitute the experimental drug with an electronic medical record (EMR) glitch that gives the appearance of improved surrogate outcomes in patient charts (with no treatment differences compared to control) Imagine what the effects of spurious EMR records (the glitch) might be on the clinical outcomes investigated in the original study. If outcomes could be similar in the randomized trial and the EMR glitch thought experiment, it is likely that clinical endpoints would not offer independent evidence of benefit. We offer a few examples.
author_names: Jennifer Gill

Vinay Prasad
title: A method to determine if more than surrogate outcomes were improved: The EMR glitch experiment
venue: Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis
year: 2020

abstract: Twenty seven methods currently used to characterize biochar were assessed in terms of their usefulness to determine the stability of biochar carbon in the environment. The International Biochar Initiative (IBI) which led the effort, gathered fourteen world class experts in different fields of biochar relevant to stability, who guided the process for obtaining a simple, yet reliable, measure for biochar stability. Important requisites were defined for the test, including cost, repeatability and availability. Identification of a cost effective, scientifically valid test to measure the stable carbon component of biochar is imperative to distinguish biochar from non biochar (non stable) materials, and to develop a biochar offset protocol for carbon markets. The stability of biochar carbon in soils makes it a highly promising product for consideration as a strategy for climate change mitigation. The definition of the variable BC+100, which stands for the amount of biochar carbon that is expected to remain stable after 100 years, along with predictions of stability based on simple (Alpha) and more sophisticated (Beta)
author_names: Alice Budai

Andrew R Zimmerman

Bruno Glaser

Caroline A Masiello

Frank Shields

Johannes Lehmann

Marta Camps Arbestain

M Williams

Saran P Sohi

Stephen Joseph
title: Biochar Carbon Stability Test Method: An assessment of methods to determine biochar carbon stability
year: 2013

abstract: Fruit flies (Bactrocera sp. are the most common types of plant pests attacking fruit plants. The pest attacks the fruit in the plantation. The control of fruit flies is quite difficult, which is usually done by using eugenol. Fruit flies are insects that are sensitive to light with wavelengths of 300 650 nm. The light trap is a method commonly used yet it is rarely used to control the fruit flies. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the color variation in light traps on the number of trapped fruit flies. This study used quasi experimental research methods. The data were analyzed descriptively and continued with one way ANOVA statistical testing using SPSS 25.0. The results showed that the highest average number of fruit flies was in light traps with the addition of blue lights of 17.22. Post hoc tests showed that blue lights were more effective in attracting flies into light traps.
author_names: Eka Sobiatin

Herianto Herianto

Nur Khosiyatun

Heru Kuswanto
title: The Effect of Light Color Variation in Simple Light Traps on the Number of Fruit Flies (Bactrocera sp.
year: 2019

abstract: Diagnosis of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is stymied by the lack of 1 diagnostic tool that can be used to detect both subclinically and clinically infected animals. At present, fecal culture remains the single diagnostic test that can detect infection in both disease states provided the animals actively shed Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in their feces. Yet, fecal culture has a disadvantage associated with the protracted incubation period of 8 16 weeks before results are available. Detection of nucleic acids specific to M. paratuberculosis in fecal samples is a technique that can circumvent the culture method. This study describes a rapid, simple, and effective method to extract DNA from fecal samples and modification of a polymerase chain reaction assay for optimal sensitivity of detection. An evaluation of 1,000 well characterized fecal samples was performed by the Colorado Department of Agriculture (Denver, CO) and the National Animal Disease Center (Ames, IA) to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the new method. Results from this study show that the sensitivity of detection was highly dependent on the load of bacteria in the fecal sample with 81% detection of samples containing >70 colony forming units (cfu)/g of feces and a 45% detection rate for samples containing less than 1 cfu/g. Similarly, reproducibility of the technique between the 2 laboratories (n 250 samples) was much higher (75% for the fecal samples containing high levels of M. paratuberculosis and reduced to 25% for samples with less than 1 cfu/g. An overall specificity of 83% was obtained for known negative samples. The method described here is rapid, simple, and inexpensive compared with other techniques. In addition, this method can detect animals that are shedding less than 1 cfu/g.
author_names: Judith R Stabel

Tracey Bosworth

T A Kirkbride

Richard L Forde

Robert H Whitlock
title: A Simple, Rapid, and Effective Method for the Extraction of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis DNA from Fecal Samples for Polymerase Chain Reaction
venue: Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
year: 2004

abstract: Introduction: Degree of valve oversizing and calcification impact paravalvular aortic regurgitation (PAR) and aortic root rupture in TAVR, but no consistent method predicts both outcomes. Current valve sizing relies on 2D annular dimensions by CT or TEE yet does not account for severity and location of calcium in the aortic root complex. Hypothesis: We propose the concept of "Effective Implant Area" (EIA) to incorporate aortic root calcification to optimize valve selection and outcomes in TAVR. Methods: From 2/2013 6/2014, 35 out of 41 consecutive patients (age 83+ 8 years, 69% female) had valve sizing by CT then TAVR with Edwards Sapien valve (13 TF, 18 TA, 4 TAo) STS risk score averaged 7.5+ 3.3% and 80% patients were frail. 19 retrospective and 16 prospective comparison of annular area with the minimal supra annular and left ventricular outflow track areas were made to devise an EIA. Combined with evaluation of aortic root calcium, valve size and degree of balloon filling for deployment were finalized. Follow up was 100% complete. Results: Procedural success was 100% one had root rupture that retrospectively should have had a smaller valve by EIA (Table 1) Of 16 subsequent patients with EIA prospectively derived, 4 had significantly smaller EIA than annular areas due to calcification, resulting in selection of a smaller valve (Table 1) With EIA sizing, no further root rupture occurred, and 2 patients with moderate PAR without post dilatation improved to mild at discharge. At 30 days, 87% had none trivial, 13% mild PAR; improved to 95% none trivial, 5% mild PAR at 6 months and 100% none trivial PAR at 1 year. Conclusions: Determining "Effective Implant Area" is a simple yet reproducible method that accounts for aortic root calcification to optimize valve size in TAVR, minimizing PAR and root rupture risk. EIA should be routinely assessed in conjunction with annular area for valve sizing in all TAVR cases.
author_names: Gilbert H L Tang

Angela Tong

Amar B Shah

Tanya Dutta

Martin H Cohen

Hasan Ahmad

Linda J Cuomo

Cenap Undemir

Steven L Lansman
title: Abstract 20605: The Concept of "Effective Implant Area" A Simple Method Beyond Annular Sizing to Optimize Valve Selection and Outcomes in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
year: 2014