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abstract: Compared to the conventional strip waveguide microring resonators, subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide microring resonators have better sensitivity and lower detection limit due to the enhanced photon analyte interaction. As sensors, especially biosensors, are usually used in absorptive ambient environment, it is very challenging to further improve the detection limit of the SWG ring resonator by simply increasing the sensitivity. The high sensitivity resulted from larger mode analyte overlap also brings significant absorption loss, which deteriorates the quality factor of the resonator. To explore the potential of the SWG ring resonator, we theoretically and experimentally optimize an ultrasensitive transverse magnetic mode SWG racetrack resonator to obtain maximum quality factor and thus lowest detection limit. A quality factor of 9800 around 1550 nm and sensitivity of 429.7 0.4nm/RIU in water environment are achieved. It corresponds to a detection limit (l/S*Q) of 3.71 x 10 4 RIU, which marks a reduction of 32.5% compared to the best value reported for SWG microring sensors. (c) 2017 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (050.6624) Subwavelength structures; (050.2770) Gratings; (280.4788) Optical sensing and sensors; (230.3120) Integrated optics devices. References and links 1. X. Fan and I. M. White, "Optofluidic microsystems for chemical and biological analysis," Nat. Photonics 5(10) 591 597 (2011) 2. W. C. Lai, S. Chakravarty, Y. Zou, and R. T. Chen, "Multiplexed detection of xylene and trichloroethylene in water by photonic crystal absorption spectroscopy," Opt. Lett. 38(19) 3799 3802 (2013) 3. S. Chakravarty, W. C. Lai, Y. Zou, H. A. Drabkin, R. M. Gemmill, G. R. Simon, S. H. Chin, and R. T. Chen, "Multiplexed specific label free detection of NCI H358 lung cancer cell line lysates with silicon based photonic crystal microcavity biosensors," Biosens. Bioelectron. 43, 50 55 (2013) 4. H. Yan, Y. Zou, S. Chakravarty, C. J. Yang, Z. Wang, N. Tang, D. Fan, and R. T. Chen, "Silicon on chip bandpass filters for the multiplexing of high sensitivity photonic crystal microcavity biosensors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(12) 121103 (2015) 5. Q. Quan, P. B. Deotare, and M. Loncar, "Photonic crystal nanobeam cavity strongly coupled to the feeding waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(20) 203102 (2010) 6. B. H. Ahn, J. H. Kang, M. K. Kim, J. H. Song, B. Min, K. S. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, "One dimensional parabolicbeam photonic crystal laser," Opt. Express 18(6) 5654 5660 (2010) 7. K. Yao and Y. Shi, "High Q width modulated photonic crystal stack mode gap cavity and its application to refractive index sensing," Opt. Express 20(24) 27039 27044 (2012) 8. L. Huang, J. Zhou, F. Sun, Z. Fu, and H. Tian, "Optimization of One Dimensional Photonic Crystal EllipticalHole Low Index Mode Nanobeam Cavities for On chip Sensing," J. Lightwave Technol. 34(15) 3496 3502 (2016) Vol. 25, No. 9 1 May 2017 OPTICS EXPRESS 10527 #287549 https:/doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.010527 Journal (c) 2017 Received 7 Mar 2017; revised 12 Apr 2017; accepted 22 Apr 2017; published 27 Apr 2017 9. X. Wang, X. Guan, Q. Huang, J. Zheng, Y. Shi, and D. Dai, "Suspended ultra small disk resonator on silicon for optical sensing," Opt. Lett. 38(24) 5405 5408 (2013) 10. S. M. Grist, S. A. Schmidt, J. Flueckiger, V. Donzella, W. Shi, S. Talebi Fard, J. T. Kirk, D. M. Ratner, K. C. Cheung, and L. Chrostowski, "Silicon photonic micro disk resonators for label free biosensing," Opt. Express 21(7) 7994 8006 (2013) 11. X. Fan, I. M. White, H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, and H. Oveys, "Overview of novel integrated optical ring resonator bio/chemical sensors," Lasers Appl. Sci. Eng. 64520M (2007) 12. T. Claes, J. G. Molera, K. De Vos, E. Schacht, R. Baets, and P. 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Chen, "Analysis of ultra high sensitivity configuration in chip integrated photonic crystal microcavity bio sensors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(19) 191109 (2014) 18. K. Qin, S. Hu, S. T. Retterer, I. I. Kravchenko, and S. M. Weiss, "Slow light Mach Zehnder interferometer as label free biosensor with scalable sensitivity," Opt. Lett. 41(4) 753 756 (2016) 19. J. T. Kindt, M. S. Luchansky, A. J. Qavi, S. H. Lee, and R. C. Bailey, "Subpicogram per milliliter detection of interleukins using silicon photonic microring resonators and an enzymatic signal enhancement strategy," Anal. Chem. 85(22) 10653 10657 (2013) 20. S. Schmidt, J. Flueckiger, W. X. Wu, S. M. Grist, S. Talebi Fard, V. Donzella, P. Khumwan, E. R. Thompson, Q. Wang, P. Kulik, X. Wang, A. Sherwali, J. Kirk, K. C. Cheung, L. Chrostowski, and D. Ratner, "Improving the performance of silicon photonic rings, disks, and Bragg gratings for use in label free biosensing," Proc. SPIE 9166, 91660M (2014) 21. J. Flueckiger, S. Schmidt, V. 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title: Improving the detection limit for on chip photonic sensors based on subwavelength grating racetrack resonators
year: 2017

abstract: We report experimental observations of rotated echoes of alignment induced by a pair of time delayed and polarization skewed femtosecond laser pulses interacting with an ensemble of molecular rotors. Rotated fractional echoes, rotated high order echoes and rotated imaginary echoes are directly visualized by using the technique of coincident Coulomb explosion imaging. We show that the echo phenomenon not only exhibits temporal recurrences but also spatial rotations determined by the polarization of the time delayed second pulse. The dynamics of echo formation is well described by the laser induced filamentation in rotational phase space. The quantum mechanical simulation shows good agreements with the experimental results. (c) 2017 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (320.7120) Ultrafast phenomena; (020.2649) Strong field laser physics. References and links 1. R. W. Brown, Y. C. N. Cheng, E. M. Haacke, M. R. Thompson, and R. 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Lavorel, G. Siour, J. M. Hartmann, O. Faucher, E. Gershnabel, Y. Prior, and I. Sh. Averbukh, "Experimental observation of fractional echoes," Phys. Rev. A 94, 033404 (2016) 18. K. Lin, P. F. Lu, J. Y. Ma, X. C. Gong, Q. Y. Song, Q. Y. Ji, W. B. Zhang, H. P. Zeng, J. Wu, G. Karras, G. Siour, J. M. Hartmann, O. Faucher, E. Gershnabel, Y. Prior, and I. Sh. Averbukh, "Echoes in Space and Time," Phys. Rev. X 6, 041056 (2016) 19. H. Stapelfeldt, and T. Seideman, "Aligning molecules with strong laser pulses," Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 543 (2003) 20. Y. Ohshima, and H. Hasegawa, "Coherent rotational excitation by intense nonresonant laser fields," Int. Rev.Phys. Chem. 29, 619 (2010) 21. S. Fleischer, Y. Khodorkovsky, E. Gershnabel, Y. Prior, and I. Sh. Averbukh, "Molecular Alignment Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Its Impact on Molecular Motion," Isr. J. Chem. 52, 414 (2012) 22. M. Lemeshko, R. V. Krems, J. M. Doyle, and S. Kais, "Manipulation of molecules with electromagnetic fields," Mol. 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author_names: M -
title: Rotated echoes of molecular alignment fractional high order and imaginary
year: 2017

abstract: Quantitative photoacoustic tomography is an imaging modality in which distributions of optical parameters inside tissue are estimated from photoacoustic images. This optical parameter estimation is an ill posed problem and it needs to be approached in the framework of inverse problems. In this work, utilising surface light measurements in quantitative photoacoustic tomography is studied. Estimation of absorption and scattering is formulated as a minimisation problem utilising both internal quantitative photoacoustic data and surface light data. The image reconstruction problem is studied with two dimensional numerical simulations in various imaging situations using the di ffusion approximation as the model for light propagation. The results show that quantitative photoacoustic tomography augmented with surface light data can improve both absorption and scattering estimates when compared to the conventional quantitative photoacoustic tomography. c (c) 2017 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (110.5120) Photoacoustic imaging; (170.3010) Image reconstruction techniques; (170.6960) Tomography; (100.3190) Inverse problems. References and links 1. M. Xu and L. V. Wang, "Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 041101 (2006) 2. C. Li and L. V. Wang, "Photoacoustic tomography and sensing in biomedicine," Phys. Med. Biol. 54, R59 R97 (2009) 3. L. V. Wang, ed.,Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy (CRC Press, 2009) 4. P. Beard, "Biomedical photoacoustic imaging," Interface Focus 1, 602 631 (2011) 5. J. Xia and L. V. Wang, "Small animal whole body photoacoustic tomography: a review," Phys. Med. Biol. 61, 1380 1389 (2014) 6. L. V. Wang and J. 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title: Quantitative photoacoustic tomography augmented with surface light measurements
year: 2017

abstract: This chapter focuses on the production of NOx from air and air+O2 is investigated in a pulsed powered milli scale gliding arc (GA) reactor, aiming at a containerized process for fertilizer production. First, the electrical parameters of the gliding arc reactor, such as frequency, pulse width, and amplitude of input voltage are investigated. Influence of process parameters such as feed mixture, flowrate, feed preheating, and effect of Ar and O2 content in feed are also investigated at varying specific energy input. The findings are correlated with high speed imaging of the GA dynamics. Increase in frequency, pulse width and input voltage amplitude resulted in an increased specific energy input, which lead to increase in NOx production. An O2 content of 40 48% was optimum, with an enhancement of ~20% in NOx production. Addition of Ar and preheating of the feed resulted in lower NOx production. 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Anastasopoulou, S. Butala, B. S. Patil, J. Lang, V. Hessel, Q. Wang, Submitt. to Process. 2016. CHAPTER 2 PLASMA ASSISTED NITROGEN OXIDE PRODUCTION FROM AIR IN A GLIDING ARC REACTOR: CHARACTERIZATION FOR ELECTRICAL AND PROCESS PARAMETERS This chapter has been adapted from: Patil, B. S. F. J. J. Peeters, Medrano J. A. Gerard van Rooij, Gallucci F. Lang, J. Wang, Q. Hessel, V. (2016) Plasma nitrogen oxide production from air at atmospheric pressure using a pulse powered milli scale gliding arc reactor. Submitted to AIChEJ. Patil, B. S. Rovira Palau, Joan, Hessel, V. Lang, J. Wang, Q. (2016) Plasma nitrogen oxides synthesis in a milli scale gliding arc reactor: investigating the electrical and process parameters. Plasma Chem. Plasma Proc. 36(1) 241 257. Abstract This chapter focuses on the production of NOx from air and air+O2 is investigated in a pulsed powered milli scale gliding arc (GA) reactor, aiming at a containerized process for fertilizer production. First, the electrical parameters of the gliding arc reactor, such as frequency, pulse width, and amplitude of input voltage are investigated. Influence of process parameters such as feed mixture, flowrate, feed preheating, and effect of Ar and O2 content in feed are also investigated at varying specific energy input. The findings are correlated with high speed imaging of the GA dynamics. Increase in frequency, pulse width and input voltage amplitude resulted in an increased specific energy input, which lead to increase in NOx production. An O2 content of 40 48% was optimum, with an enhancement of ~20% in NOx production. Addition of Ar and preheating of the feed resulted in lower NOx production. The volume covered by GA depends strongly on the gas flowrate, emphasizing that the gas flowrate has a major impact on the GA dynamics and the reaction kinetics. For 0.5 L/min, 1.4 vol% of NOx concentration was realized.This chapter focuses on the production of NOx from air and air+O2 is investigated in a pulsed powered milli scale gliding arc (GA) reactor, aiming at a containerized process for fertilizer production. First, the electrical parameters of the gliding arc reactor, such as frequency, pulse width, and amplitude of input voltage are investigated. Influence of process parameters such as feed mixture, flowrate, feed preheating, and effect of Ar and O2 content in feed are also investigated at varying specific energy input. The findings are correlated with high speed imaging of the GA dynamics. Increase in frequency, pulse width and input voltage amplitude resulted in an increased specific energy input, which lead to increase in NOx production. An O2 content of 40 48% was optimum, with an enhancement of ~20% in NOx production. Addition of Ar and preheating of the feed resulted in lower NOx production. The volume covered by GA depends strongly on the gas flowrate, emphasizing that the gas flowrate has a major impact on the GA dynamics and the reaction kinetics. For 0.5 L/min, 1.4 vol% of NOx concentration was realized. 2 Chapter 2 NOx Production in Milli scale Gliding Arc Reactor Page 22 2.1 Introduction Among several alternatives, electricity driven non equilibrium plasma processes are considered to be very attractive contenders for energy efficient nitrogen fixation[9,10] It is worth noting that nitrogen fixation via nonthermal plasma (NTP) offers an opportunity to produce fossil free nitrogen oxides due its 3.5 times lower theoretical energy requirement[11,12] In NTP, highly energetic electrons collide with bulk gas molecules, yielding a mixture of highly reactive species which enable thermodynamically unfavorable reactions like nitrogen fixation at low temperatures and atmospheric pressures[13,14] Plasma processes are more attractive on smaller scales like in containers or modular plants[15] Plasma assisted nitrogen fixation offers an interesting opportunity as atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature processing will substantially improve plant safety and decrease the operational and capital costs compared to the high pressure HaberBosch process[16] The mild operating conditions and relatively small scale could also encourage development of localized nitrogen fertilizer production plants. The approach of decentralized chemical production has been undertaken in the EU funded MAPSYN project for plasma assisted nitrogen fixation process[11,12] which would eventually benefit remote places to produce their own fertilizer and fuels, using only renewable energy sources such as solar or wind[17] along similar lines, N2 applied, a Norwegian company, is commercializing the plasma assisted nitrogen fixation process on smaller scale for use by farmers[18] The overall reactions representing nitrogen fixation with oxygen to give NOx (NO NO2) which further absorbed in water to yield nitric acid are depicted by reaction R1 and R2. The ratio of NO and NO2 is determined by thermodynamic equilibrium and the reaction kinetics[29] The reaction enthalpy of the process (DH) is fairly high, therefore high energy is needed to carry out this reaction. DHf= 90.4 kJ mol 1 (R1) DHf= 33.2 kJ mol
author_names: Bs Bhaskar Patil
title: Plasma (catalyst) assisted nitrogen fixation reactor development for nitric oxide and ammonia production
year: 2017

abstract: High aspect ratio titanium nitride (TiN) grating structures are fabricated by the combination of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. TiN is deposited at 500 *C on a silicon trench template. Silicon between vertical TiN layers is selectively etched to fabricate the high aspect ratio TiN trenches with the pitch of 400 nm and height of around 2.7 mm. Dielectric functions of TiN films with different thicknesses of 18 105 nm and post annealing temperatures of 700 900 *C are characterized by an ellipsometer. We found that the highest annealing temperature of 900 *C gives the most pronounced plasmonic behavior with the highest plasma frequency, op 2.53 eV (lp 490 nm) Such high aspect ratio trench structures function as a plasmonic grating sensor that supports the Rayleigh Woods anomalies (RWAs) enabling the measurement of changes in the refractive index of the ambient medium in the wavelength range of 600 900 nm. 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author_names: S E

Ram Prabhu T

T O

L A V
title: High aspect ratio titanium nitride trench structures as plasmonic biosensor
year: 2017

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author_names: Richard Solomon

Harold L Dauerman
title: Acute Kidney Injury
year: 2017

abstract: High aspect ratio free standing Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanopillars and nanotubes were fabricated using a combination of advanced reactive ion etching and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. Prior to the pillar and tube fabrication, AZO layers were grown on flat silicon and glass substrates with different Al concentrations at 150 250 degC. For each temperature and Al concentration the ALD growth behavior, crystalline structure, physical, electrical and optical properties were investigated. It was found that AZO films deposited at 250 degC exhibit the most pronounced plasmonic behavior with the highest plasma frequency. During pillar fabrication, AZO conformally passivates the silicon template, which is characteristic of typical ALD growth conditions. The last step of fabrication is heavily dependent on the selective chemistry of the SF6 plasma. It was shown that silicon between AZO structures can be selectively removed with no observable influence on the ALD deposited coatings. The prepared free standing AZO structures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) The restoration of the effective permittivities of the structures reveals that their anisotropy significantly deviates from the effective medium approximation (EMA) prognoses. It suggests that the permittivity of the AZO in tightly confined nanopillars is very different from that of flat AZO films. (c) 2017 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (160.3918) Metamaterials; (160.4760) Optical properties; (240.0310) Thin films; (220.4241) Nanostructure fabrication. References and links 1. K. Nomura, H. Ohta, A. Takagi, T. Kamiya, M. Hirano, and H. Hosono, "Room temperature fabrication of transparent flexible thin film transistors using amorphous oxide semiconductors," Nature 432(7016) 488 492 (2004) 2. O. K. Varghese, M. Paulose, and C. A. 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Technol. A 32(4) 041516 (2014) 10. A. Crovetto, T. S. Ottsen, E. Stamate, D. Kjaer, J. Schou, and O. Hansen, "On performance limitations and property correlations of Al doped ZnO deposited by radio frequency sputtering," J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 49(29) 295101 (2016) 11. G. V. Naik, J. Liu, A. V. Kildishev, V. M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva, "Demonstration of Al:ZnO as a plasmonic component for near infrared metamaterials," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(23) 8834 8838 (2012) 12. A. K. Pradhan, R. M. Mundle, K. Santiago, J. R. Skuza, B. Xiao, K. D. Song, M. Bahoura, R. Cheaito, and P. E. Hopkins, "Extreme tunability in aluminum doped zinc oxide plasmonic materials for near infrared applications," Sci. Rep. 4, 6415 (2014) 13. C. T. Riley, J. S. T. Smalley, K. W. Post, D. N. Basov, Y. Fainman, D. Wang, Z. Liu, and D. J. Sirbuly, "HighQuality, Ultraconformal Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoplasmonic and Hyperbolic Metamaterials," Small 12(7) 892 901 (2016) 14. S. Y. Myong, S. J. Baik, C. H. 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Jacob, "High temperature epsilon near zero and epsilon near pole metamaterial emitters for thermophotovoltaics," Opt. Express 21(1) A96 A110 (2013) 38. S. S. Kruk, Z. J. Wong, E. Pshenay Severin, K. O'Brien, D. N. Neshev, Y. S. Kivshar, and X. Zhang, "Magnetic hyperbolic optical metamaterials," Nat. Commun. 7, 11329 (2016) 39. A. A. High, R. C. Devlin, A. Dibos, M. Polking, D. S. Wild, J. Perczel, N. P. de Leon, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, "Visible frequency hyperbolic metasurface," Nature 522(7555) 192 196 (2015) Vol. 7, No. 5 1 May 2017 OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 1607
author_names: T O

J F

L A V
title: Large scale high aspect ratio Al doped ZnO nanopillars arrays as anisotropic metamaterials
year: 2017

abstract: A novel photonic structure formed by the monolithic integration of a vertical III V nanowire on top of a L3 two dimensional photonic crystal microcavity is proposed to enhance light emission from the nanowire. The impact on the nanowire spontaneous emission rate is evaluated by calculating the spontaneous emission factor b, and the material gain at threshold is used as a figure of merit of this vertical emitting nanolaser. An optimal design is identified for a GaAs nanowire geometry with r 155 nm and L~1.1 mm, where minimum gain at threshold (gth 3 13 10 x cm) and large spontaneous emission factor (b~0.3) are simultaneously achieved. Modification of the directivity of the L3 photonic crystal cavity via the band folding principle is employed to further optimize the far field radiation pattern and to increase the directivity of the device. These results lay the foundation for a new approach toward large scale integration of vertical emitting nanolasers and may enable applications such as intra chip optical interconnects. (c)2012 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (350.4238) Nanophotonics and photonic crystals; (160.4236) Nanomaterials; (140.4780) Optical resonators; (140.7270) Vertical emitting lasers. References and links 1. H. J. Joyce, Q. Gao, H. Hoe Tan, C. Jagadish, Y. Kim, J. Zou, L. M. Smith, H. E. Jackson, J. M. Yarrison Rice, P. Parkinson, and M. B. Johnston, "III V semiconductor nanowires for optoelectronic device applications," Prog. Quantum Electron. 35(2 3) 23 75 (2011) 2. C. Wilhelm, A. Larrue, X. Dai, D. Migas, and C. Soci, "Anisotropic photonic properties of III V nanowires in the zinc blende and wurtzite phase," Nanoscale 4(5) 1446 1454 (2012) 3. W. Wei, X. Y. Bao, C. Soci, Y. Ding, Z. L. Wang, and D. 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author_names: Alexandre Larrue

Christophe E Wilhelm

Gwenaelle Vest

S Combrie

Alfredo de Rossi

C Soci
title: Title Monolithic integration of III V nanowire with photoniccrystal microcavity for vertical light emission
year: 2017

abstract: We demonstrate supercontinuum generation in stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4 in SiO2) integrated optical waveguides, pumped at telecommunication wavelengths. The pump laser is a mode locked erbium fiber laser at a wavelength of 1.56 mm with a pulse duration of 120 fs. With a waveguide internal pulse energy of 1.4 nJ and a waveguide with 1.0 mm x 0.9 mm cross section, designed for anomalous dispersion across the 1500 nm telecommunication range, the output spectrum extends from the visible, at around 526 nm, up to the mid infrared, at least to 2.6 mm, the instrumental limit of our detection. This output spans more than 2.2 octaves (454 THz at the 30 dB level) The measured output spectra agree well with theoretical modeling based on the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation. 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author_names: P A G

M J

Van Der

L J

B J
title: Two octave spanning supercontinuum generation in stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguides pumped at telecom wavelengths
year: 2017

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author_names: Alyssa B Chinen

Chenxia Guan

Jennifer R Ferrer

Stacey N Barnaby

Timothy J Merkel

Chad A Mirkin
title: Nanoparticle Probes for the Detection of Cancer Biomarkers, Cells, and Tissues by Fluorescence.
venue: Chemical reviews
year: 2015