Search query: importance of electronic devices

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abstract: We report the unexpected temperature dependence of electron tunneling from the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) to the Si dot in a Si dots floating gate metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor. We indicate that this temperature dependence of the electron tunneling cannot be explained by the conventional one dimensional tunneling model, and show that it is necessary for a new model which includes the geometrical factor of the system. To extract a mechanism of the electron injection process from the 2DEG to the nano structure, we have employed the numerical simulation, which includes both the geometrical condition of the system and the experimental setup. We suggest in our new tunneling model that the main contribution to the electron tunneling is induced by the wave packet like state of the electron below the Si dots. We successfully show that the temperature dependence of the electron injection voltage in the Si dots floating gate MOS capacitor fits our model. This indicates that the spatial distribution of electron density in the two dimensional electron gas would play a crucial role in the electron tunneling.
author_names: Masakazu Muraguchi

Tetsuo Endoh

Yukihiro Takada

Yoko Sakurai

Shintaro Nomura

Kenji Shiraishi

Mitsuhisa Ikeda

Katsunori Makihara

Seiichi Miyazaki

Yasuteru Shigeta
title: Importance of electronic state of two dimensional electron gas for electron injection process in nano electronic devices
year: 2010

abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) integrate numerous automatic and monitor functions. Nowadays, most CIEDs are connected to the Internet (via Wi Fi, Bluetooth or smartphone) to ensure remote monitoring of technical and clinical data: despite the importance of such a monitoring, especially from a clinical point of view, concerns have been raised about information (IT) security in terms of both privacy and security for CIEDs' carriers. Areas covered: This review will provide an outline of remote monitoring of CIEDs, main IT security issues that have affected them so far, main cybervulnerabilities and possible solutions. Expert opinion: Although there is no evidence that cyber attacks have been carried out against any CIED so far, they may occur in the future. Cyber attacks are usually aimed at stealing sensitive information or granting access to the IT systems to which CIEDs are connected; the possibility of an active reprogramming of CIEDs by cyber attacks is extremely low. Political, regulatory, scientific, and clinical integration is essential to provide not only effective IT solutions for CIEDs and their carriers, but also for the development of educational programs; it should also promote cooperation between stakeholders in order to reduce the risk of CIEDs' cybervulnerability and increase patient safety.
author_names: Cristian Martignani
title: Cybersecurity in cardiac implantable electronic devices
venue: Expert review of medical devices
year: 2019

abstract: The article represents a short conceptual overview of biofuel cell applications, rather than their design and operation. Special attention is given to interfacing enzyme based biofuel cells with power consuming microelectronic devices. Importance of electronic management of the power extracted from biological sources is emphasized. In addition to several briefly explained examples collected from recent publications, one system demonstrating powering of a standard glucometer with an implantable or wearable biofuel cell is described in details. The opinion on the biofuel cell applications and limitations represents the personal vision of the authors and might be not fully in accordance with the opinions of other experts.
author_names: Maria Gamella

Ashkan Koushanpour

Evgeny Katz
title: Biofuel cells Activation of micro and macro electronic devices.
venue: Bioelectrochemistry
year: 2018

abstract: The chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, which describes the spin filtering ability of diamagnetic structures like DNA or peptides having chiral symmetry, has emerged in the past years as the central mechanism behind a number of important phenomena, like long range biological electron transfer, enantiospecific electrocatalysis, and molecular recognition. Also, CISS induced spin polarization has a considerable promise for new spintronic devices and the design of quantum materials. The CISS effect is attributed to spin orbit coupling, but a sound theoretical understanding of the surprising magnitude of this effect in molecules without heavy atoms is currently lacking. We are taking an essential step into this direction by analyzing the importance of imaginary terms in the Hamiltonian as a necessary condition for non vanishing spin polarization in helical structures. Based on first principles calculations and analytical considerations, we perform a symmetry analysis of the key quantities determining transport probabilities of electrons of different spin orientations. These imaginary terms originate from the spin orbit coupling, and they preserve the Hermitian nature of the Hamiltonian. Hence, they are not related to the breaking of time reversal symmetry resulting from the fact that molecules are open systems in a junction. Our symmetry analysis helps to identify essential constraints in the theoretical description of the CISS effect. We further draw an analogy with the appearance of imaginary terms in simple models of barrier scattering, which may help understanding the unusually effective long range electron transfer in biological systems.
author_names: Martin Sebastian Zollner

Solmar Varela

Ernesto Medina

Vladimiro Mujica

Carmen Herrmann
title: Insight into the Origin of Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity from a Symmetry Analysis of Electronic Transmission.
venue: Journal of chemical theory and computation
year: 2020

abstract: Introduction In the last two decades, the increased number of implants of cardiac implantable electronic devices has been accompanied by an increase in complications, especially infection. Current recommendations for the appropriate treatment of cardiac implantable electronic devices related infections consist of prolonged antibiotic therapy associated with complete device extraction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance of percutaneous extraction in the treatment of these devices infections. Methods A systematic review search was performed in the PubMed, BVS, Cochrane CENTRAL, CAPES, SciELO and ScienceDirect databases. A total of 1,717 studies were identified and subsequently selected according to the eligibility criteria defined by relevance tests by two authors working independently. Results Sixteen studies, describing a total of 3,354 patients, were selected. Percutaneous extraction was performed in 3,081 patients. The average success rate for the complete percutaneous removal of infected devices was 92.4% Regarding the procedure, the incidence of major complications was 2.9% and the incidence of minor complications was 8.4% The average in hospital mortality of the patients was 5.4% and the mortality related to the procedure ranged from 0.4 to 3.6% The mean mortality was 20% after 6 months and 14% after a one year follow up. Conclusion Percutaneous extraction is the main technique for the removal of infected cardiac implantable electronic devices, and it presents low rates of complications and mortality related to the procedure.
author_names: Antonio da Silva Menezes Junior

Thais Rodrigues Magalhaes

Alana de Oliveira Alarcao Morais
title: Percutaneous Lead Extraction in Infection of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: a Systematic Review
venue: Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery
year: 2018

abstract: Heart disease is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Pregnant women with structural, conduction or degenerative cardiac disease who require rhythm control or who are at high risk of sudden cardiac death may carry a cardiac implantable electronic device or may occasionally require the insertion of one during their pregnancy. These women are now encountered more frequently in clinical practice, and it is essential that a multidisciplinary approach, beginning from the early antenatal phase, be adopted in their counselling and management. Contemporary cardiac rhythm control devices are a constantly evolving technology with increasingly sophisticated features; anaesthetists should therefore have an adequate understanding of the principles of their operation and the special considerations for their use, in order to enable their safe management in the peripartum period. Of particular importance is the potential adverse effect of electromagnetic interference, which may cause device malfunction or damage, and the precautions required to reduce this risk. The ultimate goal in the management of this patient subgroup is to minimise the disruption to cardiovascular physiology that may occur near the time of labour and delivery and to control the factors that impact on device integrity and function. We present the ante and peripartum management of two pregnant women with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, followed by a review and update of the anaesthetic management of parturients with cardiac implantable electronic devices.
author_names: M M Salman

Harriet Kemp

Matthew Cauldwell

Daryl P Dob

Richard Sutton
title: Anaesthetic management of pregnant patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: case reports and review.
venue: International journal of obstetric anesthesia
year: 2018

abstract: Recent progress in electronic skin or e skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on technologies needed in three main applications: skin attachable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics. First, since e skin will be exposed to prolonged stresses of various kinds and needs to be conformally adhered to irregularly shaped surfaces, materials with intrinsic stretchability and self healing properties are of great importance. Second, tactile sensing capability such as the detection of pressure, strain, slip, force vector, and temperature are important for health monitoring in skin attachable devices, and to enable object manipulation and detection of surrounding environment for robotics and prosthetics. For skin attachable devices, chemical and electrophysiological sensing and wireless signal communication are of high significance to fully gauge the state of health of users and to ensure user comfort. For robotics and prosthetics, large area integration on 3D surfaces in a facile and scalable manner is critical. Furthermore, new signal processing strategies using neuromorphic devices are needed to efficiently process tactile information in a parallel and low power manner. For prosthetics, neural interfacing electrodes are of high importance. These topics are discussed, focusing on progress, current challenges, and future prospects.
author_names: Jun Yang

Jaewan Mun

Se Young Kwon

Seongjun Park

Zhenan Bao

Steve Park
title: Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics.
venue: Advanced materials
year: 2019

abstract: Development of novel van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures from various two dimensional (2D) materials shows unprecedented possibilities by combining the advantageous properties of their building layers. In particular, transforming the vdW heterostructures from type I to type II is of great interest and importance to achieve efficient charge separation in photocatalytic, photovoltaic, and optoelectronic devices. In this work, by means of ab initio calculations, we have systematically investigated the electronic structures, optical properties, and mechanical properties of MXene/Blue Phosphorene (BlueP) vdW heterostructures under various deformations. We highlight that, under strain, the type I heterostructures can be transformed to type II with their conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) separated in different layers. Interestingly, the locations of the CBM or VBM in MXene/BlueP vdW heterostructures can also be reversed by compressive or tensile strain between the building layers, which indicates that either layer can be utilized as an electron donor or acceptor by varying its deformation conditions. Meanwhile, this compressive (tensile) strain can also induce a red (blue) shift in the optical absorption spectra of MXene/BlueP vdW heterostructures. Finally, our results on the mechanical flexibility and deformation mechanism of MXene/BlueP vdW heterostructures suggest their great long term stability as well as promising applications in flexible devices. We believe that our findings will open a new way for the modulation and development of vdW heterostructures in flexible optical/electronic devices.
author_names: Zhonglu Guo

Naihua Miao

Jian Zhou

Baisheng Sa

Zhimei Sun
title: Strain mediated type I/type II transition in MXene/Blue phosphorene van der Waals heterostructures for flexible optical/electronic devices
year: 2017

abstract: Abstract The impact of seeding of the diamond growth on the microstructural properties of GaN on diamond wafers was studied using in situ focused ion beam cross sectioning and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Microstructural studies revealed that the seeding conditions are a critical parameter to obtain an optimal material, allowing the manufacture of GaN on diamond wafers with no microscopic defects and with structural stability under thermal annealing at 825 degC. The use of the right seeding conditions also results in homogeneous thermal properties across four inch GaN on diamond wafers, which is of critical importance for their use for ultra high power microwave electronic devices.
author_names: Dong Liu

Daniel Francis

Firooz N Faili

C Middleton

Julian Anaya

James W Pomeroy

Daniel J Twitchen

Martin Kuball
title: Impact of diamond seeding on the microstructural properties and thermal stability of GaN on diamond wafers for high power electronic devices
year: 2017

abstract: The creation of molecular electronic switches by using smart molecules is of great importance to the field of molecular electronics. This requires a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic electron transport mechanisms, which depend on several factors including the charge transport pathway, the molecule electrode coupling strength, the energy of the molecular frontier orbitals, and the electron spin state. On the basis of significant progresses achieved in both experiments and theory over the past decade, in this review article we focus on new insights into the design and fabrication of different molecular switches and the corresponding switching effects, which is crucial to the development of molecular electronics. We summarize the strategies developed for single molecule device fabrication and the mechanism of these switching effects. These analyses should be valuable for deeply understanding the switching effects in molecular electronic devices.
author_names: Zihao Liu

Shizhao Ren

Xuefeng Guo
title: Switching Effects in Molecular Electronic Devices
venue: Topics in Current Chemistry
year: 2017