Search query: fundamentals of pwm converter

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abstract: This chapter gives a description and overview of power electronic technologies including a description of the fundamental systems that are the building blocks of power electronic systems. Technologies that are described include: power semiconductor switching devices, converter circuits that process energy from one DC level to another DC level, converters that produce variable frequency from DC sources, principles of rectifying AC input voltage in uncontrolled DC output voltage and their extension to controlled rectifiers, converters that convert to AC from DC (inverters) or from AC with fixed or variable output frequency (AC controllers, DC DC AC converters, matrix converters, or cycloconverters) The chapter also covers control of power converters with focus on pulse width modulation (PWM) control techniques. 2.1 Definition, History, Applications and Trends of Power Electronics Power electronics (PE) experienced tremendous growth after the introduction of the first solid state power switch, the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) in 1957. Today, almost all of the technologies that require control of power control utilize PE technology. This chapter will give the reader an overview on the field of PE including: E. R. C. da Silva Departamento de Engenharia Eletrica, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil Rua Rodrigues Alves, 1090 Bela vista, Campina Grande, PB CEP 58428 795, Brazil e mail: ercdasilva@gmail.com M. E. Elbuluk The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA e mail: melbuluk@uakron.edu S. Chakraborty et al. (eds. Power Electronics for Renewable and Distributed Energy Systems, Green Energy and Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978 1 4471 5104 3_2, Springer Verlag London 2013 7 A description of the fundamentals of the power semiconductor switching devices. Converter circuits that process energy from one DC level to another DC level. Converters that produce variable frequency from DC sources. Principles of rectifying AC input voltage in uncontrolled DC output voltage and their extension to controlled rectifiers. Converters that convert to AC from DC (inverters) or from AC with fixed or variable output frequency. AC controllers. DC DC AC converters. Matrix converters or cycloconverters. Detailed description of pulse width modulations control techniques. Power electronic circuits are used to control the power conversion from one or more AC or DC sources to one or more AC or DC loads, and sometimes with bidirectional capabilities. In most power electronics systems, this conversion is accomplished with two functional modules called the control stage and the power stage. Figure 2.1 shows the topology for a single source and single load converter application that includes a power processor (the power stage) and a controller (the control stage) The converter, handles the power transfer from the input to output, or vice versa, and is constituted of power semiconductor devices acting as switches, plus passive devices (inductor and capacitor) The controller is responsible for operating the switches according to specific algorithms monitoring physical quantities (usually voltages and currents) measured at the system input and or output. The modern PE era began in 1957. It was during that year the first commercial thyristor, or Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) was introduced by General Electric Company. The SCR, started replacing the mercury arc rectifiers, invented in 1902, and the later developed thyratron (invented in 1923) and ignitron (invented in 1931) allowed the commercialization of several industrial circuits conceived during the 1920s and 1940s (like the cycloconverter, the chopper, and the parallel inverter) as well as the Graetz bridge conceived in 1897. The SCR was the only available power device for more than 25 years after its invention (and still is very useful for extremely high power applications) Since it is very difficult to impose turn off conditions for SCR's, faster devices, with higher voltage and current capabilities, with better controllability were developed, Fig. 2.1 A general power electronic system 8 E. R. C. da Silva and M. E. Elbuluk
author_names: Edison R da Silva

Malik E Elbuluk
title: Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Power Electronics
year: 2019

abstract: Abstract This paper presents, a design of Programmable AC DC Converter Using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Techniques in MATLAB with an impression of the well known voltage and current converter topologies used to realize a three phase PWM AC/DC converter scheme. Preliminary from the voltage source inverter and the current source rectifier, the fundamentals of space vector modulation are summarized. The process of the AC/DC converter in different dynamic states powerfully depends on the modulation method applied. The power of the discussed modulation methods on the line current distortion and the switching frequency has been inspected. This technique depends on off line calculations of the pulses width for the first quarter cycle and stores these into a table. The residual pulses, for total cycle, are generated by using the values of the first quarter since there are conditions of quarter and half wave regularity. Results show an important saving of microcontroller time and memory. The dynamic development of the power and microelectronics devices sustains continual progress in design and realization of modern adjustable speed drives. The attention of researchers in the amplification of superior control techniques for voltage source inverters was in previous two decades stimulated by AC/DC line side converters called also PWM rectifiers. These front end rectifiers due to their properties systematically displace the diode bridges becoming an important part of the modern frequency converters for the intelligent motion control applications (2,3) The three phase two level AC/DC line side converters provide sinusoidal line currents and bidirectional power flow at the unity power factor (UPF) These properties have decided of the use of the PWM rectifiers in the applications improving the electrical power quality (4)
author_names: Gailan Abdul Qadir

Majid S Naghmash
title: Design and Simulation of Programmable AC DC Converter Using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Techniques in MATLAB
year: 2014

abstract: This chapter gives a description and overview of power electronic technologies including a description of the fundamental systems that are the building blocks of power electronic systems. Technologies that are described include: power semiconductor switching devices, converter circuits that process energy from one DC level to another DC level, converters that produce variable frequency from DC sources, principles of rectifying AC input voltage in uncontrolled DC output voltage and their extension to controlled rectifiers, converters that convert to AC from DC (inverters) or from AC with fixed or variable output frequency (AC controllers, DC DC AC converters, matrix converters, or cycloconverters) The chapter also covers control of power converters with focus on pulse width modulation (PWM) control techniques.
author_names: Edison R da Silva

Malik E Elbuluk
title: Fundamentals of Power Electronics
year: 2013

abstract: Linear controllers based on small signal models are widely used in Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) converters due to their simple implementation. Several compensator tuning methods for the three fundamentals DC DC PWM converters have been developed to achieve desired closed loop performance. However, most of the existing procedures develop compensator coefficients that depend on the actual parameters of the converter, requiring recalculation of the coefficients for different parameter combinations. This paper introduces a powerful and straightforward normalized control design tool for PWM converters. The proposed normalization technique leads to converter's models and compensator coefficients that are independent on the filter parameters, as well as the voltage and power ratings. The design of linear controllers in the normalized domain enables the direct application of the same controller to any combination of converter's parameters. A unified normalized model for the three fundamental PWM topologies is derived. A normalized controller design example for a voltage mode synchronous buck converter is shown. Simulation and experimental results for two different buck converters are presented to validate the normalization concept and highlight the strong contribution to the field made by this approach, which results in a significant asset for practicing engineers.
author_names: Franco Degioanni

Ignacio Galiano Zurbriggen

Martin Ordonez
title: Universal Controllers for PWM Converters: a Normalized Approach
venue: 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
year: 2019

abstract: vi List of Figures ix List of Tables xii Nomenclature xiii List of Abbreviations xiv Organisation of Thesis xv Chapter 1 1 8 Introduction 1 8 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Modulation 3 1.3Literature survey 5 Chapter 2 9 19 Fundamentals of the Matrix Converter(MC) 9 19 2.1 Matrix Converter 9 2.1.1 Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) 9 2.1.2Three Phase Matrix Converter (TPMC) 12 2.2 Bi directional SwitchRealization 13 2.3 Commutation Strategy 15 2.3.1Commutation Strategy for Single Phase Matrix Converter 16 2.3.2 Commutation Strategy for Three Phase MC 19 Chapter 3 20 64 Analytical Analysis, Results and discussions 20 64 3.1 PWM Generation for the Single Phase Matrix Converter 21 3.1.1 Simulation of the Single Phase Matrix Converter 23 3.2 Generation of Modulating Signal for the Three Phase MC 25 3.2.1 Modulation Technique for the Three Phase Matrix Converter 25 3.2.1.1 Transfer Function of the Indirect PWM Equivalent Model 26 3.3.2.1 Space Vector Modulation for the Inverter Stage 28 3.3.1.2.1 abc to abTransformation for the Inverter Stage 31 3.3.1.2.2 Sector Selection for the Inverter Stage 32
author_names: Pandit Sidharth

Santosh Sonar

Suman Preet Kaur Bhullar
title: Analysis and Modelling of Matrix Converter as a Frequency Changer
year: 2017

abstract: This paper presents a new soft switched ZVT DC DC boost converter with auxiliary transistor and optimized gate drive circuit. This type of converter suits very well applications like automated battery chargers or PFC Power Factor Correction converters. A conventional PWM controller is used for the ZVS boost converter control. Because the power semiconductor devices voltage and current stresses are similar to that of the regular hard commutated boost converters, the application range is very large.
author_names: Luminita Roxana Clotea

Petre Scortaru
title: Soft switched ZVT DC DC boost converter with auxiliary transistor and optimized gate drive circuit
venue: 2014 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)
year: 2014

abstract: This work presents an observer design for grid current and capacitor voltage of voltage source pulse width modulation (PWM) converters with LCL filter. Theoretical aspects including the mathematical LCL filter system observability, observer placement strategy and practical discretization implementation. It gives insight to mathematical modelling of the line filters dynamics. By the limitations of how the components in the line filter operates, the Kalman filter is adjusted accordingly. The strategy for designing the Kalman filter is presented. A time varying KF is developed, benchmarked and implemented in simulator. Through an explanation of the magnetic field fundamentals, a nonlinear model of the inductors is modeled and used. An observer scheduling development has been implemented on the nonlinear system. The effect of sampling frequency is studied for KF and for the observer as well. At last the results are presented and analyzed.
author_names: Taravat Saryan
title: Modeling and Observer Design of a Nonlinear LCL Filter for Three Phase Grid Connected Voltage Source Converter
year: 2014

abstract: This book helps the reader master the switch mode concept in pulse width modulation (PWM) and resonant power supplies and then emphasizes statespace modeling in a deep way, seldom seen in power electronics literature. It explains how to obtain the converter open loop transfer functions for dc voltage gain, ac line to load voltage, and duty cycle to output voltage, comparing two approaches: average state space modeling and average switch modeling. Besides presenting the transfer functions for the buck, boost, buck?boost, Sepic, and Zeta converters in CCM, this book also obtains their transfer functions in DCM, showing the dissimilar dynamics regarding CCM while also presenting the transfer functions for the PWM switch, the zero current resonant switch (ZCS) the zero voltage resonant switch (ZVS),and the ZCS and ZVS buck, boost, andbuck?boost quasiresonant converters (QRCs) making this book truly unique.
author_names: Fernando A Silva
title: Power Electronics and Energy Conversion Systems, Vol. 1: Fundamentals and Hard Switching Converters [Book News]
venue: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine
year: 2014

abstract: 1. Fundamentals of Sampled Data Systems Coding and Quantizing DAC/ADC Ideal Static Transfer Functions Sampling Theory Data Converter AC errors and specifications 2. DAC Architectures and Origins Kelvin Divider String DACs R/2R DACs Segmented DACs Capacitor DACs Multiplying DACs Interpolating DACs Deglitching DAC outputs PWM DACs Sigma Delta DACs Video DACs with lookup tables Digital potentiometers MicroDACs LogDACs 3. ADC Architectures and origins Low speed High speed Sigma Delta 4. Data Converter Process Technology 5. Testing Data Converters 6. Interfacing to ADCs and DACs 7. Data Conversion Support Circuits Sample and hold circuits Voltage references Analog switches and multiplexers 8. Applications Precision measurement and sensor conditioning Data acquisition subsystems Multichannel systems and multiplexing Data distribution systems using multiple DACs Digital pot applications Display electronics Audio Video Software radio and IF sampling Higher levels of integration DDS 9. Hardware Design Techniques for Mixed Signal Systems Passive components Printed circuit board design issues Layout "Smart" Partitioning Grounding mixed signal devices Digital isolation techniques Filtering switching supply outputs Data converter overvoltage protection Thermal considerations EMI/RFI considerations Logic considerations Simulation and IBIS models Prototyping Evaluation Boards Appendix Index
author_names: Walt Kester
title: The data conversion handbook
year: 2005

abstract: Semiconductor Devices Electronic Devices for Power Switching Electrical Machines AC machines windings Multiphase AC machines Induction Machines Permanent Magnet Machines Permanent magnet synchronous machines Switched reluctance machines Thermal effects Noise and vibrations of Electrical Rotating Machines Torque Harmonics Conversion Three phase AC DC converters The Three Phase/Switch/Level PWM Boost Rectifier DC DC converters DC AC Converters AC/AC Converters Fundamentals of AC DC AC Converters Control and Applications Power Supplies Uninterruptible power supplies Recent Trends in Multilevel Inverter Resonant Converters Motor Drives Control of Converter Fed Induction Motor Drives Double Fed Induction Machine Drives Standalone Double Fed Induction Generator FOC Field Oriented Control Adaptive Control of Electrical Drives Drive Systems with Resilient Couplings Multiscalar Model Based Control Systems for AC Machines Power Electronic Applications Sustainable lighting technology General Photo Electro Thermal Theory Its Implications for Light Emitting Diode Systems Solar Power Conversion Automotive Electronics Battery Electronics for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Electrical loads in Automotive Systems Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Power Systems Three phase Electric Power Systems Contactless Energy Transfer Smart Energy Distribution Flexible AC Transmission Systems Active Filtering Techniques for Power Quality Improvement
author_names: Bogdan M Wilamowski

J David Irwin
title: Power Electronics and Motor Drives
year: 2011