Search query: ceo2 Solid fuel cell

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abstract: Interface engineering can be used to tune the properties of heterostructure materials at an atomic level, yielding exceptional final physical properties. In this work, we synthesized a heterostructure of a p type semiconductor (NiO) and an n type semiconductor (CeO2) for solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. The CeO2 NiO heterostructure exhibited high ionic conductivity of 0.2 S cm 1 at 530 degC, which was further improved to 0.29 S cm 1 by the introduction of Na+ ions. When it was applied in the fuel cell, an excellent power density of 571 mW cm 1 was obtained, indicating that the CeO2 NiO heterostructure can provide favorable electrolyte functionality. The prepared CeO2 NiO heterostructures possessed both proton and oxygen ionic conductivities, with oxygen ionic conductivity dominating the fuel cell reaction. Further investigations in terms of electrical conductivity and electrode polarization, a proton and oxygen ionic co conducting mechanism, and a mechanism for blocking electron transport showed that the reconstruction of the energy band at the interfaces was responsible for the enhanced ionic conductivity and cell power output. This work presents a new methodology and scientific understanding of semiconductor based heterostructures for advanced ceramic fuel cells.
author_names: Junjiao Li

Dongcheng Li
title: An Interface Heterostructure of NiO and CeO2 for Using Electrolytes of Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
venue: Nanomaterials
year: 2021

abstract: Mo,Cu doped CeO2 (CMCuO) nanopowders were synthesized by the nitrate fuel combustion method aiming to improve the electrical and electrochemical properties of its Mo doped CeO2 (CMO) parent by the addition of copper. An electrical conductivity of ca. 1.22*10 S cm was measured in air at 800C for CMCuO, which is nearly 10 times higher than that reported for CMO. This increase was associated with the inclusion of copper into the crystal lattice of ceria and the presence of Cu and Cu2O as secondary phases in the CMCuO structure, which also could explain the increase in the charge transfer activities of the CMCuO based anode for the hydrogen and carbon monoxide electro oxidation processes compared to the CMO based anode. A maximum power density of ca. 120 mW cm was measured using a CMCuO based anode in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with YSZ electrolyte and LSM YSZ cathode operating at 800degC with humidified syngas as fuel, which is comparable to the power output reported for other SOFCs with anodes containing copper. An increase in the area specific resistance of the SOFC was observed after ca. 10 hours of operation under cycling open circuit voltage and polarization conditions, which was attributed to the anode delamination caused by the reduction of the Cu2O secondary phase contained in its microstructure. Therefore, the addition of a more electroactive phase for hydrogen oxidation is suggested to confer long term stability to the CMCuO based anode.
author_names: Isaac Diaz-Aburto

Jacqueline P Hidalgo

Eliana Fuentes-Mendoza

Sergio Gonzalez-Poggini

Humberto Estay

Melanie Colet-Lagrille
title: Mo,Cu doped CeO2 as Anode Material of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) using Syngas as Fuel
year: 2021

abstract: Abstract The current literature on solid oxide fuel cell and internal combustion engine (SOFC ICE) integration is focused on the application of advanced combustion technologies operating as bottoming cycles to generate a small load share. This integration approach can pose challenges for ships such as restricted dynamic capabilities and large space and weight requirements. Furthermore, the potential of SOFC ICE integration for marine power generation has not been explored. Consequently, the current work proposes a novel approach of SOFC ICE integration for maritime applications, which allows for high efficiency power generation while the SOFC anode off gas (AOG) is blended with natural gas (NG) and combusted in a marine spark ignited (SI) engine for combined power generation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential of the proposed SOFC ICE integration approach with respect to system efficiency, emissions, load sharing, space and weight considerations and load response. In this work, a verified zero dimensional (0 D) SOFC model, engine experiments and a validated AOG NG mean value engine model is used. The study found that the SOFC ICE integration, with a 67 33 power split at 750 kWe power output, yielded the highest efficiency improvement of 8.3% over a conventional marine natural gas engine. Simulation results showed that promising improvements in efficiency of 5.2% UHC and NOx reductions of about 30% and CO2 reductions of about 12% can be achieved from a 33 67 SOFC ICE power split with comparatively much smaller increments in size and weight of 1.7 times. Furthermore, the study concluded that in the proposed SOFC ICE system for maritime applications, a power split that favours the ICE would significantly improve the dynamic capabilities of the combined system and that the possible sudden and large load changes can be met by the ICE.
author_names: Harsh D Sapra

J N Stam

Jeroen Reurings

Lindert van Biert

Wim van Sluijs

Peter de Vos

Klaas Visser

Aravind Purushothaman Vellayani

Hans Hopman
title: Integration of solid oxide fuel cell and internal combustion engine for maritime applications
year: 2021

abstract: This article details with the use of objective sizing techniques for a novel design of a residential solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) combined cooling, heating, and electrical power system for the U.K. market. The aim of the research is to determine the objective sizing of key parameters relating to the cooling, heating, and power supply and demand, namely the number of cells in the SOFC, the effectiveness of the heat exchangers, and the coefficient of performance of the absorption chillers. These parameters are determined taking into account the aspects of efficiency, economic, and environmental impacts through use of the entropy weighting approach and gray relationship analysis. The combination of these two approaches will help designers maximize efficiency of energy utilization and minimize emissions and costs of the system being examined. It is envisaged that electrical demand would be met by the fuel cell (FC) stacks, while the most efficient use is made of heat that is generated by the FC through waste heat recovery to satisfy domestic hot water, freezers, space heating, and space cooling. The demand of the conventional electric freezers is innovatively designed to be fulfilled by heat exchangers and absorption chillers to further increase the efficiency of heat energy use. Due to the energy demand characteristics of the U.K. domestic sector, the proposed system structure, objective sizing values, and operation control strategies supported by MATLAB/Simulink software are suited to the residential energy demands of a single household.
author_names: Xinjie Yuan

Yuanchang Liu

Richard W G Bucknall
title: A Novel Design of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Combined Cooling, Heat and Power Residential System in the U.K.
venue: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
year: 2021

abstract: A detailed comparison of the performance between a simple Mono BlockLayer Build (MOLB) type Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) geometry and a MOLB type SOFC with an embedded porous pipe in the air supply channel is carried out. The study considers constant and variable porosities along the porous pipe, fed with an airflow in a counter flow arrangement. Four cases are analyzed: a) without the porous pipe, b) with a pipe of constant porosity, c) with two different porosities, and d) with four variable porosities. This work is based in a three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model that considers the phenomena of mass transfer, heat transfer, species transport and electrochemical reactions. Detailed comparisons of the voltage, temperature and species concentration are illustrated. The electrode electrolyte interface contours of species concentration, temperature and electric fields are compared. The results show that there is approximately twice the current density in the geometry that considers the two different porosities compared to the simple geometry. The consumption of hydrogen has the same behavior for the entire tested current density, while the availability of oxygen at the cathode electrolyte interface is improved in cases with porous pipe compared to the simple MOLB type geometry. The use of a porous pipe embedded in the air channel showed that it is possible to have a wider operating range of a MOLB type SOFC, and allowed to obtain a more homogeneous temperature distribution on the electrode electrolyte interface of the SOFC, consequently, there is the possibility of reducing the thermal stress in the SOFC.
author_names: J J Ramirez-Minguela

Jorge Alfaro-Ayalaa

Agustin Ramon Uribe-Ramirez

Jesus Isaac Minchaca-Mojica

B Ruiz-Camacho

Juan Manuel Mendoza-Miranda

Carlos E Alvarado-Rodriguez
title: Detailed comparison of the performance between a simple and a modified mono block layer built type solid oxide fuel cell
year: 2021

abstract: An irreversible solid oxide fuel cell by the hybrid of Stirling heat engine system is built, whose irreversibility in the process of system are considered, such as solid oxide fuel cell irreversible losses, the irreversible loss of the Stirling heat engine working process, and heat conduction between them. Analytical expressions of the key processes are given by electrochemical analysis. Through numerical simulation, various factors affecting the performance of the hybrid system are discussed in detail, and the optimal working range of the hybrid system is deduced. This research shows that the efficiency of the hybrid power system can reach nearly 90% under all the ideal conditions.
author_names: Liwei Chen
title: Study on the Performance of Irreversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Heat Engine Hybrid Power System
year: 2021

abstract: A novel cooling, heating, and power system integrated with a solid oxide fuel cell and biomass gasification was proposed and analyzed. The thermodynamic models of components and evaluation indicators were established to present energetic and exergetic analysis. After the validations of thermodynamic models, the system performances under design work conditions were evaluated. The proposed system's electrical, energy, and exergy efficiencies reached up to 52.6% 68.0% and 43.9% respectively. The gasifier and fuel cell stack were the most significant components of exergy destruction in this system, accounting for 41.0% and 15.1% respectively, which were primarily caused by the gasification and electrochemical reactions' irreversibility. The influences of the key parameters of the ratio of steam to biomass mass flow rate (S/B) the biomass flow rate (Mbio) and the temperature and pressure of the fuel cell (Top and Psofc) on system energy performances were analyzed: doubling S/B (from 0.5 to 1.0) reduced the energy efficiency by 5.3% while increasing the electrical efficiency by 4.6% (from 52.6% to 55.0% and raising the biomass mass flow rate by 40% increased the energy and exergy efficiencies by 2.4% and 2.1% respectively. When raising the SOFC operating temperature by 31.3% the energy and exergy efficiencies rose by 61.2% (from 50.0% to 80.6% and 45.1% (from 32.8% to 47.6% respectively, but this likely would result in a higher operating cost. Increasing the SOFC pressure from 2 to 7 bar increased the electrical efficiency by 10.6% but additional energy for pumping and compression was consumed.
author_names: Jiangjiang Wang

Noam Lior
title: Thermodynamic Analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Integrated with Biomass Gasification
venue: Entropy
year: 2021

abstract: A mathematical model is developed to study the performance of a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell system (DC SOFC) Simulation results indicate that in the anode supported configuration, anode design parameters (porosity, tortuosity and anode thickness) play very important role in the performance of DC SOFC, presented as the polarization curve. The effect of Ag content in anode electrode is found to play a significant role in the performance of the DC SOFC. The effect of operating parameters, namely pressure and temperature, on the overpotentials (concentration, activation and ohmic) are studied. The concentration profiles of gases (CO2 and CO) as a function of operating current density across the anode electrode is studied. Model results are compared with experimental data and found to compare well.
author_names: Sanjeeva Raj

Sakthi Gnanasundaram

Balaji Krishnamurthy
title: Modeling the performance of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell anode supported configuration
year: 2021

abstract: Mn Co spinel coating for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects shows a suitable thermal expansion match, acceptable electrical conductivity, and good structural stability. In this paper, the addition of different amounts of Ag and Y as dopants on the physical and electrical properties of the Mn Co spinel is investigated to improve the coating performance. First, the doped and co doped powders were successfully synthesized using the Pechini sol gel method. The synthesized powders were then characterized using X ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results confirmed that Ag was not completely doped into the spinel structure and instead acted. as an additive, whereas Y caused Mn3O4 impurity phase formation at higher mol% Next, the powders were pressed and sintered at different temperatures (950 and 1050 degC) to evaluate the effect of dopants on the sintering and electrical behavior of the samples. Finally, the electrical conductivity of the samples was evaluated using a 2 probe direct current technique. Although results showed that room temperature electrical conductivity increased upon doping, adding Y had a better effect on conductivity than Ag.
author_names: Tara Arjomandbigdeli

Zahra Isapour

Adrine Malek Khachatourian

Mohammad Golmohammad
title: Synthesis and characterization of Ag Y co doped Mn Co spinel for solid oxide fuel cell application
year: 2021

abstract: The Solid oxide fuel cell is a highly efficient prime mover for biogas conversion, but a part of biogas needs to be reformulated externally to facilitate the electrochemical conversion, easy control of reforming conditions, and thermal management of the stack. Carbon deposition and external mineralcarrying water should be avoided to ensure the durability of the fuel processor and stack catalysts. This paper investigates four plant layouts with different anode off gas recirculation schemes and biogas reforming methods: (1) pre reforming with hot recirculation (HR) (2) pre reforming with cold recirculation (CR) (3) no pre reforming and hot recirculation (NR) (4) partial oxidation with hot recirculation (PO) All the schemes feature an electrolyte supported SOFC working at 860degC and 0.23 A/cm2 current density. A sensitivity analysis of the plant efficiency as a function of the Recirculation Ratio (RR) and the Reformer Temperature (RT) is performed. The results show that HR and CR schemes achieve the highest efficiency (58 63% The HR scheme benefits from the recirculated water and does not require external water for RR 50% and RT 600degC; the CR scheme achieves the same result for RR 80% and RT 700degC. The optimal RR is within 50 80% for the highest system efficiency, as a trade off between the overall fuel utilization and electrochemistry performance. The RT should be between 600 and 700degC. The HR scheme is the overall best performing if the re circulator and stack designs do not limit the flow rates at a high RR.
author_names: Shuai Ma

Gabriele Loreti

Ligang Wang

Andrea Luigi Facci

Stefano Ubertini

Changqing Dong

Francois Marechal

Jan Van herle
title: Comparison of integrated fuel processing options for biogas fed solid oxide fuel cell plants
year: 2021