Search query: time cost quality risk resource constrained

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abstract: Low cost, field deployable, near time methods for assessing water quality are not available when and where waterborne infection risks are greatest. We describe the development and testing of a novel device for the measurement of tryptophan like fluorescence (TLF) making use of recent advances in deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) and sensitive semiconductor photodiodes and photomultipliers. TLF is an emerging indicator of water quality that is associated with members of the coliform group of bacteria and therefore potential fecal contamination. Following the demonstration of close correlation between TLF and E. coli in model waters and proof of principle with sensitivity of 4 CFU/mL for E. coli, we further developed a two LED flow through configuration capable of detecting TLF levels corresponding to "high risk" fecal contamination levels >10 CFU/100 mL) Findings to date suggest that this device represents a scalable solution for remote monitoring of drinking water supplies to identify high risk drinking water in near time. Such information can be immediately actionable to reduce risks.
author_names: Emily Bedell

Taylor Sharpe

Timothy Purvis

Joe Brown

Evan A Thomas
title: Demonstration of Tryptophan Like Fluorescence Sensor Concepts for Fecal Exposure Detection in Drinking Water in Remote and Resource Constrained Settings
year: 2020

abstract: The current study is an attempt made to decide the best scheduling approach to a construction project in order to deliver it on time, quality and cost. The major constraints typically observed in any construction project are time overruns, cost overruns. It is, therefore, necessary for a project manager to attempt the best scheduling approach based on the study of project ideals and project constraints. A Project ideal is a measure of success. Common project ideals identified are Highest client satisfaction, Highest quality for deliverables, shortest time possible and lowest cost possible. The typical project constraints are Knowledge, Time, cost, resource and risk constraints. After having a project PIC analysis, the best scheduling approach is decided like an Agile approach when knowledge is a constraint or when the ideal is the highest client satisfaction, Critical path method when time is dominant and time is ideal, Resource Critical Path RCP) approach in any resource constrained project. A logical sequence of activities with assigned duration and resources is made and the schedule is prepared. The critical path method is the approach used widely in a construction project. Critical path and critical activities are studied in advance with the use of MSP 2016 or any other computer software and critically monitored so that these activities are completed on time and there should not be any delay in completing these activities.
author_names: Sandeep M Joshi

Dr Navnath V Khadake
title: An attempt of best scheduling approach for a construction project
year: 2020

abstract: This paper proposes a nonlinear integer program for determining an optimal plan of zero defect, single sampling by attributes for incoming inspections in assembly lines. Individual parts coming to an assembly line differ in the non conforming (NC) risk, NC severity, lot size, and inspection cost effectiveness. The proposed optimization model is able to determine the inspection sample size for each of the parts in a resource constrained condition where a product's NC risk is not a linear combination of NC risks of the individual parts. This paper develops a three step solution procedure that effectively reduces the solution time for larger size problems commonly seen in assembly lines. The proposed optimization model provides insightful implications for quality management. For example, it reveals the principle of sample size decisions for heterogeneous, dependent parts waiting for incoming inspections; as well as provides a tool for quantifying the expected return from investing additional inspection resources. The optimization model builds a foundation for extensions to advanced inspection sampling plans.
author_names: Ruwen Qin

Elizabeth A Cudney

Zlatan Hamzic
title: An optimal plan of zero defect single sampling by attributes for incoming inspections in assembly lines
venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
year: 2015

abstract: The current construction environment is characterized by risk aversion, and the delivery of value is constrained by the tension between time, cost and quality. Similarly, the approach to sustainability in the built environment remains largely focused on waste reduction and minimization of the carbon footprint. Yet the challenges of global environmental issues call for a paradigm shift from this reductionist, 'scarcity' approach to one of sustainable prosperity through resource renewal and value generation. The industry has recognized the need for a more integrated approach, not just to fix the process, but to transform it to deliver value beyond the tangible building product. Lean construction stands out as the approach which can facilitate a net enhancement of sustainability value through fully integrated design and delivery processes. The author explores the synergy between lean construction and sustainability, as expressed through the construct of value. Data from exemplary lean projects are gathered through survey and interviews of both prime contractor and owners, offering a two point perspective for enhanced data quality and reliability. The findings suggest a strong correlation between the cohesiveness of lean thinking and the level of collaboration on the delivery of sustainability values.
author_names: Vera M Novak
title: Value Paradigm: Revealing Synergy Between Lean and Sustainability
year: 2012

abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to optimize time, cost and quality in a multi mode resource constrained project scheduling environment.,A case study approach identified the activity execution modes in building construction projects in India to support multi mode resource constrained project scheduling. The data required to compute time, cost and quality of each activity are compiled from real construction projects. A binary integer programming model has been developed to perform multi objective optimization and identify Pareto optimal solutions. The RR PARETO3 algorithm was used to identify the best compromise trade off solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through sample case study projects.,Results show that good compromise solutions are obtained through multi objective optimization of time, cost and quality.,Case study data sets were collected only from eight building construction projects in India.,It is feasible to adopt multi objective optimization in practical construction projects using time, cost and quality as the objectives; Pareto surfaces help to quantify relationships among time, cost and quality. It is shown that cost can be reduced by increasing the duration, and quality can be improved only by increasing the cost.,The use of different activity execution modes compiled from multiple projects in optimization is illustrated, and good compromise solutions for the multi mode resource constrained project scheduling problems using multi objective optimization are identified.
author_names: Marimuthu Kannimuthu

Benny Raphael

Ekambaram Palaneeswaran

Ananthanarayanan Kuppuswamy
title: Optimizing time, cost and quality in multi mode resource constrained project scheduling
year: 2019

abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine projects crashing based on the factors including cost, time, quality, risk and the law of diminishing returns. Design/methodology/approach The paper first investigated effective factors on project crashing then proposed a grey linear programming model. In the proposed grey linear programming model, the costs of quality of works that include the cost of conformance and non conformance of deliverables in the project were studied. The results are presented for considering the existing uncertainties using positioned programming under the sensitivity analysis table and graphs. Findings The lack of consideration of project risks will reduce the project success probability in future. The proposed model reduces the existing uncertainties to a significant extent by covering the project risks completely. Based on the law of diminishing returns, after a certain point technically known as saturation point, the increase of resources does not lead to the reduction of time and may even have negative impacts. Finding the saturation point for each activity prevents the excessive allocation of resources that can lead to reduction of productivity. Practical implications The main duty of each project manager is finishing the project in the framework of the determined objectives. In most of the cases, after the preparation of the initial project schedule by the project team, it is seen that there is a need for the time reduction. This study has used a grey linear programming model for optimum crashing of project activities. In order to make the model more realistic and applicable, the authors endeavoured to consider most of the factors that are involved in doing a project. Originality/value In the present study, to the best of the authors' knowledge the factors of time, cost, quality, risk and the law of diminishing returns are simultaneously considered in project crashing for the first time and the grey theory was used for considering the uncertainties of project parameters. Also, "the law of diminishing returns" has not been considered during crashing in the studies conducted so far.
author_names: Amin Mahmoudi

Mohammad Reza Feylizadeh
title: A grey mathematical model for crashing of projects by considering time, cost, quality, risk and law of diminishing returns
venue: Grey Syst. Theory Appl.
year: 2018

abstract: The paper proposes a multi objective model to shorten the overall project duration.The impact of different project factors on the optimal solution has been assessed.The results indicate that the proposed model could yield more efficient solutions compared with traditional techniques. One of the main issues in any scheduling of projects is the difficulty of convincing customer on total project makespan. There are many occasions where customer informs the contractor that the schedule must be shortened. This action could lead to increase in total cost as well as risk, which may also end of having lower quality project. This paper proposes a multi objective mixed integer linear programming for minimizing "project total extra cost" "project total risk enhancement" and "project total quality reduction" subject to time constraint. In other words, the proposed study provides a tradeoff between the three mentioned objectives to shorten the overall project duration. Goal attainment method is used for solving the multi objective model and obtaining the Pareto optimal solutions. The computational experiments are also applied to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model.
author_names: Faezeh Mohammadipour

Seyed Jafar Sadjadi
title: Project cost quality risk tradeoff analysis in a time constrained problem
venue: Comput. Ind. Eng.
year: 2016

abstract: This paper studies the fuzzy time cost quality environment trade off problem of construction project and establishes a decision making model with multiple modes under resource constrained environment. The objective functions are to minimize the total project time, total resource cost, quality defect of all activities, and the environment impact. Furthermore, a fuzzy based adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm is developed for finding feasible solutions. More specifically, our approach treats the uncertainty by using fuzzy expected value operator or fuzzy simulation. Finally, Jinping II hydroelectric project was used as a practical example to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the method. Results and sensitivity analysis are presented to highlight the performances of our optimization method, which is very effective and efficient as compared with other algorithms.
author_names: Huan Zheng
title: The Fuzzy Time Cost Quality Environment Trade off Analysis of Resource Constrained Multi mode Construction Systems for Large Scale Hydroelectric Projects
year: 2014

abstract: Abstract The Discrete Time Cost Quality Trade off Problem (DTCQTP) is one of the most important problems in project scheduling applications. In DTCQTP an optimal combination of construction methods is decided with the objective of minimizing cost and time while maximizing quality. Due to real world resource constrained situations in projects, this model is expanded to mode identity resource constrained DTCQTP model. In this model, each activity has multiple modes to be performed. In each mode, the required resources for performing the activity are different in at least one type. In addition, each activity can be done either in a normal way or in a crashing way in each performing mode. Based on the mode identity situation, the activities belonging to the same subset should be executed in the same mode. In this paper, we present a Multi Objective Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (MOICA) to solve our proposed model. We explain the elements of the algorithm and solve some problems generated for this model including large size and small size instances by this algorithm. The performance of our proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparison with four well known algorithms: NSGAII; PESAII clustering; PESAII grid based; and SPEA2. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
author_names: Elham Nabipoor Afruzi

Amir Abbas Najafi

Emad Roghanian

Mostafa Mazinani
title: A Multi Objective Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for solving discrete time, cost and quality trade off problems with mode identity and resource constrained situations
venue: Comput. Oper. Res.
year: 2014

abstract: Abstract Construction managers often face with projects containing multiple units wherein activities repeat from unit to unit. Therefore effective resource management is crucial in terms of project duration, cost and quality. Accordingly, researchers have developed several models to aid planners in developing practical and near optimal schedules for repetitive projects. Despite their undeniable benefits, such models lack the ability of pure simultaneous optimization because existing methodologies optimize the schedule with respect to a single factor, to achieve minimum duration, total cost, resource work breaks or various combinations, respectively. This study introduces a novel approach called "opposition multiple objective symbiotic organisms search" (OMOSOS) for scheduling repetitive projects. The proposed algorithm used an opposition based learning technique for population initialization and for generation jumping. Further, this study integrated a scheduling module (M1) to determine all project objectives including time, cost, quality and interruption. The proposed algorithm was implemented on two application examples in order to demonstrate its capabilities in optimizing the scheduling of repetitive construction projects. The results indicate that the OMOSOS approach is a powerful optimization technique and can assist project managers in selecting appropriate plan for project.
author_names: Duc-Hoc Tran

Long Luong-Duc

Minh-Tin Duong

Trong Nhan Le

Anh-Duc Pham
title: Opposition multiple objective symbiotic organisms search (OMOSOS) for time, cost, quality and work continuity tradeoff in repetitive projects
venue: J. Comput. Des. Eng.
year: 2018