Taxpayer Alert TA 2008/20: Foreign residents exploiting asset valuations to avoid capital gains tax
Date of issue: 18 November 2008
Status: Current


Description: The alert applies to arrangements where foreign residents exploit the calculation of the market values of non-TARP assets to exceed the 50% threshold in the principal asset test when determining if they have an indirect real property interest under section 855-25. | These arrangements include the following characteristics: 1. A foreign resident vendor with an existing interest of greater than 10% in Australian real property held indirectly through a chain of interposed entities intends to dispose of some or all of that interest. 2. Prior to the disposal, the vendor attempts to change the ratio of TARP to non-TARP assets through strategies such as: (i) injecting non-TARP assets into the Australian entities (or those higher in the ownership chain) by: (a) the intermediate holding entity (test entity) investing in Redeemable Preference Shares (RPS), issued by its Australian subsidiary, which directly holds the real property, (b) the test entity obtaining a loan from a 3rd party and on-lending the amount to its subsidiary (c) an inter-company loan (arguing that both the assets injected and the inter-company asset may be counted in calculating the ratio of TARP to non-TARP assets). (ii) selective valuation of TARP and non-TARP assets, in circumstances where such valuations are within the control of the vendor and could be carried out on a full market value basis. 3. If the market value of TARP assets does not exceed the market value of non-TARP assets, the foreign resident vendor argues that it does not pass the principal asset test, resulting in the interest disposal in the test entity being disregarded. | 1. A foreign resident vendor with an existing interest of greater than 10% in Australian real property held indirectly through a chain of interposed entities intends to dispose of some or all of that interest. 2. Prior to the disposal, the vendor attempts to change the ratio of TARP to non-TARP assets through strategies such as: (i) injecting non-TARP assets into the Australian entities (or those higher in the ownership chain) by: (a) the intermediate holding entity (test entity) investing in Redeemable Preference Shares (RPS), issued by its Australian subsidiary, which directly holds the real property, (b) the test entity obtaining a loan from a 3rd party and on-lending the amount to its subsidiary (c) an inter-company loan (arguing that both the assets injected and the inter-company asset may be counted in calculating the ratio of TARP to non-TARP assets). (ii) selective valuation of TARP and non-TARP assets, in circumstances where such valuations are within the control of the vendor and could be carried out on a full market value basis. 3. If the market value of TARP assets does not exceed the market value of non-TARP assets, the foreign resident vendor argues that it does not pass the principal asset test, resulting in the interest disposal in the test entity being disregarded. | (i) injecting non-TARP assets into the Australian entities (or those higher in the ownership chain) by: (a) the intermediate holding entity (test entity) investing in Redeemable Preference Shares (RPS), issued by its Australian subsidiary, which directly holds the real property, (b) the test entity obtaining a loan from a 3rd party and on-lending the amount to its subsidiary (c) an inter-company loan (arguing that both the assets injected and the inter-company asset may be counted in calculating the ratio of TARP to non-TARP assets). (ii) selective valuation of TARP and non-TARP assets, in circumstances where such valuations are within the control of the vendor and could be carried out on a full market value basis. | (a) the intermediate holding entity (test entity) investing in Redeemable Preference Shares (RPS), issued by its Australian subsidiary, which directly holds the real property, (b) the test entity obtaining a loan from a 3rd party and on-lending the amount to its subsidiary (c) an inter-company loan (arguing that both the assets injected and the inter-company asset may be counted in calculating the ratio of TARP to non-TARP assets). | Features which concern us | Depending upon the individual facts and circumstances, the Tax Office considers arrangements having the above mentioned features may give rise to taxation issues including whether: (a) the arrangement, or any transaction within it, may be a sham at general law (b) any amounts from the disposal must be included in the assessable income of the foreign resident vendor under section 6-10 of the ITAA 1997 (c) the market value of any TARP or non-TARP asset should be used in calculating whether the principal asset test in section 855-30 has been met (d) the operation of the integrity provision in subsection 855-30(5) of the ITAA 1997 prevents the injection of assets if done for the purpose of circumventing the principal asset test (e) any transaction may be subject to the transfer pricing provisions contained in Division 13 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936) (f) any articles in applicable tax treaties between Australia and a relevant country may apply, especially: (a) the income from real property article (where applicable), (b) the business profits article (where applicable), (c) the associated enterprises article (where applicable), or (d) the alienation of property article (where applicable) (g) the general anti-avoidance rule contained in Part IVA of the ITAA 1936 may be applied to cancel any tax benefit under all, or some part, of the arrangement, and (h) any entity involved in the arrangement may be a promoter of a tax exploitation scheme for the purposes of Division 290 of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (TAA 1953). | (a) the arrangement, or any transaction within it, may be a sham at general law (b) any amounts from the disposal must be included in the assessable income of the foreign resident vendor under section 6-10 of the ITAA 1997 (c) the market value of any TARP or non-TARP asset should be used in calculating whether the principal asset test in section 855-30 has been met (d) the operation of the integrity provision in subsection 855-30(5) of the ITAA 1997 prevents the injection of assets if done for the purpose of circumventing the principal asset test (e) any transaction may be subject to the transfer pricing provisions contained in Division 13 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936) (f) any articles in applicable tax treaties between Australia and a relevant country may apply, especially: (a) the income from real property article (where applicable), (b) the business profits article (where applicable), (c) the associated enterprises article (where applicable), or (d) the alienation of property article (where applicable) (g) the general anti-avoidance rule contained in Part IVA of the ITAA 1936 may be applied to cancel any tax benefit under all, or some part, of the arrangement, and (h) any entity involved in the arrangement may be a promoter of a tax exploitation scheme for the purposes of Division 290 of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (TAA 1953). | (a) the income from real property article (where applicable), (b) the business profits article (where applicable), (c) the associated enterprises article (where applicable), or (d) the alienation of property article (where applicable) | The Tax Office is currently reviewing these arrangements . Note 1 : If you have received a private ruling in respect of your arrangement, please check that the application of Part IVA of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 is considered in that ruling. The applicant may not have sought for us to rule on the application of Part IVA to the arrangement ruled upon, or to an associated or wider arrangement of which that arrangement is part. If you want us to rule on whether Part IVA applies to your arrangement, we will first need to obtain and consider all the relevant facts about the arrangement, including (if relevant) the manner in which it has actually been implemented . Note 2 : Base penalties of up to 50% of the tax avoided can apply where Part IVA is applied. Base penalties of up to 75% of the tax avoided can apply where you make a false and misleading statement to the Commissioner. Reductions in base penalty will be available if the taxpayer makes a voluntary disclosure to the Tax Office. If you have any information about the current arrangement, phone us on 1800 060 062. Tax agents wanting to provide information about people or companies who may be promoting arrangements covered by this Alert should call 13 72 86 (Fast Key Code 3 4 ). Note 3 : Penalties of up to 5, penalty units for individuals, 25, penalty units for bodies corporate or up to twice the amount of consideration received or receivable may apply to promoters of tax exploitation schemes under Division 290 of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953. The Commissioner can also apply to the Federal Court of Australia for restraining and performance injunctions against promoters where prohibited conduct has occurred, is occurring or is proposed . Note 4 : Where appropriate, section 167 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936) may be used to determine the amount of taxable income upon which the taxpayer should be assessed, see Law Administration Practice Statements, PSLA 2007/7 and PSLA 2007/24 . Note 5 : A registered tax agent may have their registration cancelled or suspended by the Tax Agents' Board under section 251K of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 if they are guilty of misconduct as a tax agent or are not considered a fit and proper person to prepare income tax returns. A person under a sentence of imprisonment for a serious taxation offence is not a fit and proper person . | Date of amendment Comment 3 May 2024 Updated Tax Agent tip off hotline number 19 January 2024 Updated ATO tip-off hotline numbers | Date of Issue: 18 November 2008 | Date of Effect: 18 November 2008 | Related Practice Statements: PS LA 2008/15 - Taxpayer Alerts | Subject References: Aggressive tax planning Part IVA Capital gains tax Arrangement Foreign resident vendor Australian real property Promoters Valuations | Legislative References: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Division 855 Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Pt IVA Taxation Administration Act 1953 Schedule 1 Division 290 | Contact Officer: Bruce Collins Business Line: Aggressive Tax Planning Section: Technical and Case Leadership Phone: (02) 6216 2710





Related documents: PS LA 2008/15 - Taxpayer Alerts | Division 855 | Pt IVA | Schedule 1 Division 290

This Taxpayer Alert describes certain arrangements where foreign residents seek to avoid capital gains tax from the indirect disposal of Australian real property under Division 855 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997), circumventing the principal asset test by exploiting the valuation of non-taxable Australian real property assets (non-TARP).