Class Ruling CR 2023/22

What this ruling is about: 1. This Ruling sets out the income tax consequences of an early retirement scheme implemented by Museums Board of Victoria (Museums Victoria). 2. Details of this scheme are set out in paragraphs 9 to 28 of this Ruling. 3. All legislative references in this Ruling are to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, unless otherwise indicated. Who this Ruling applies to 4. This Ruling applies to employees of Museums Victoria who receive a payment under the scheme. When this Ruling applies 5. This Ruling applies from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. 6. Museums Victoria - early retirement scheme 2023 (the Scheme) is an early retirement scheme for the purposes of section 83-180. 7. Accordingly, so much of the payment received by an eligible employee that exceeds the amount that could reasonably be expected to be received by the employee in consequence of voluntary termination of their employment at the time of the retirement will be an early retirement scheme payment. 8. In addition, so much of the Scheme payment, as falls within the threshold calculated in accordance with section 83-170, is not assessable income and is not exempt income. 9. The following description of the scheme is based on information provided by the applicant. If the scheme is not carried out as described, this Ruling cannot be relied upon. 10. Museums Victoria's budget for 2022-23 includes significant investments in capital works, infrastructure, exhibitions and experiences that enable Museums Victoria to meet its strategic priorities outlined in the Museums Victoria Strategic Plan 2017-2025 and compliance obligations. 11. Museums Victoria is primarily funded by the Victorian Government and the Victorian Government 2022-23 Budget includes investments to stimulate the economy, promote economic recovery, create jobs and invest in the implementation of the Victorian Government's reform agenda. 12. In the context of the changing economic landscape and State Government priorities, a plateauing of funding from relevant sources and significant increases in operating costs has resulted in the viability and sustainability of Museums Victoria's current business model being severely impacted. 13. Museums Victoria is taking steps to progressively realign expenditure to target areas of the highest priority. 14. Museums Victoria has determined that voluntary departure packages be offered in support of both the much-needed structural change and employee reductions. 15. The class of employees that are eligible to participate in the Scheme are those employees who, as at the date that the Scheme comes into effect, meet the following criteria: 16. The following employees are specifically excluded from participating in the Scheme: 17. On commencement of the Scheme, eligible employees will be invited to submit their application to participate in the Scheme. 18. If significant numbers of applications are made within a department or division, participation will be limited to maintain minimum operating staffing requirements in the department or division. Preference will be given to employees with the greatest number of years of service and employees with the greatest substantive VPS classification. 19. There is also a limit on the total number of packages available under the Scheme. If more employees apply to participate in the Scheme than the number of packages available, offers will be made to employees with the greatest number of years of service and employees with the greatest substantive VPS classification. 20. Employees whose applications are accepted will receive formal offers shortly after the application period closes. Employees will have a limited time to accept or decline the offer. Once an offer is accepted, voluntary withdrawal from the Scheme will not be permitted. 21. Employees who accept an offer to retire under the Scheme will be provided with 4 weeks' notice of termination of employment. At the employees sole discretion and with agreement from their Manager and People & Culture, an employee may bring forward their exit date. 22. Employees who accept an offer to retire under the Scheme will be subject to a 3-year restriction on re-employment in the Victorian Public Sector. Employees who accept an offer to retire under the Scheme are required to agree not to seek or accept re-employment with, or fee for service from, a public sector employer, including public sector employment through a labour hire agency, for a minimum of 3 calendar years from the date of their separation. 23. Employees who retire under the Scheme will be paid the following: Table 1: Amounts of voluntary departure incentive paid under component C 24. The payment made under the Scheme is not in lieu of any superannuation benefit an employee may otherwise have been entitled to. 25. Employees retiring under the Scheme will receive their statutory entitlements, such as annual leave and long service leave, where applicable. However, these amounts will not form part of the payment under the Scheme. 26. Museums Victoria and employees who participate in the Scheme will do so at arm's length. 27. The retirement of employees who receive a payment under the Scheme will occur before they reach pension age. 28. There will be no agreements made between Museums Victoria and an eligible employee, or Museums Victoria and another party, to employ any employee after retirement under the Scheme. Commissioner of Taxation 3 May 2023 Requirements for an early retirement scheme 29. A scheme will be an early retirement scheme if it satisfies the requirements of subsection 83-180(3). 30. Subsection 83-180(3) states that: These 3 requirements are considered in paragraphs 31 to 40 of this Ruling. All employees within a class approved by the Commissioner may participate in the scheme 31. In order to satisfy the first requirement in subsection 83-180(3), participation in a scheme must be offered to all employees in a class approved by the Commissioner. 32. The class of employees to whom early retirement will be offered under the Scheme is set out in paragraph 15, subject to paragraph 16, of this Ruling. 33. The Commissioner considers that, for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(a), this is an appropriate class of persons for participation in the Scheme to be offered to. In approving this class of employees, the Commissioner has considered the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the operations of Museums Victoria. 34. Therefore, the first requirement of subsection 83-180(3) is satisfied. The employer's purpose in implementing the scheme is to rationalise or re-organise the employer's operations in a way approved by the Commissioner 35. The proposed scheme must be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer as described in paragraph 83-180(3)(b). 36. Paragraphs 10 to 14 of this Ruling describe the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the employer's operations. In approving the Scheme, the Commissioner has had regard to the changes in the operations and nature of the workforce of Museums Victoria. It is considered that the Scheme is to be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(b). 37. Accordingly, the second requirement of subsection 83-180(3) has been met. The scheme must be approved by the Commissioner prior to its implementation 38. The Scheme is proposed to operate for a period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. 39. The Scheme will be in operation for a period considered appropriate due to the circumstances of the re-organisation. 40. As the approval provided by this Ruling was granted prior to implementation, the third requirement of subsection 83-180(3) is satisfied. Other relevant information 41. Under subsection 83-180(1), so much of the payment received by an employee because the employee retires under an early retirement scheme as exceeds the amount that could reasonably be expected to be received by the employee in consequence of the voluntary termination of their employment at the time of termination is an early retirement scheme payment. 42. It should be noted that, in order for a payment to qualify as an early retirement scheme payment, it must also satisfy the following requirements (as set out in subsections 83-180(2), (5) and (6)): 43. The term 'arrangement' is defined in subsection 995-1(1) as meaning: 44. The term 'pension age' has the meaning given by subsection 23(1) of the Social Security Act 1991. 45. In accordance with section 83-170, an early retirement scheme payment that falls within the specified limit is referred to as the 'tax-free' amount and will not be assessable income and will not be exempt income. 46. For the 2023-24 income year, the tax-free amount is limited to $11,985 (base amount) plus $5,994 (service amount) for each whole year of completed employment service to which the early retirement scheme payment relates. It should be noted that 6 months, 8 months or even 11 months do not count as a whole year for the purposes of this calculation. 47. The total of the amount received on the termination of employment calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 of this Ruling may qualify as an early retirement scheme payment. 48. The total payment calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 of this Ruling will be measured against the limit in accordance with the formula mentioned in paragraph 46 of this Ruling to determine the tax-free amount of the early retirement scheme payment. 49. The tax-free amount will not be: 50. Any payment in excess of this limit will be an ETP and will be split into tax-free and taxable components. The tax-free component of an ETP includes the pre-July 83 segment of the payment. The tax-free component is not assessable income and is not exempt income. 51. The taxable component of the ETP will be taxed at various rates depending on the person's age. It should be noted that the 'whole of income cap' does not apply to any part of the early retirement scheme payment. © AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA You are free to copy, adapt, modify, transmit and distribute this material as you wish (but not in any way that suggests the ATO or the Commonwealth endorses you or any of your services or products).

Class of entities or scheme: 29. A scheme will be an early retirement scheme if it satisfies the requirements of subsection 83-180(3). 30. Subsection 83-180(3) states that: These 3 requirements are considered in paragraphs 31 to 40 of this Ruling. | All employees within a class approved by the Commissioner may participate in the scheme: 31. In order to satisfy the first requirement in subsection 83-180(3), participation in a scheme must be offered to all employees in a class approved by the Commissioner. 32. The class of employees to whom early retirement will be offered under the Scheme is set out in paragraph 15, subject to paragraph 16, of this Ruling. 33. The Commissioner considers that, for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(a), this is an appropriate class of persons for participation in the Scheme to be offered to. In approving this class of employees, the Commissioner has considered the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the operations of Museums Victoria. 34. Therefore, the first requirement of subsection 83-180(3) is satisfied. | The employer's purpose in implementing the scheme is to rationalise or re-organise the employer's operations in a way approved by the Commissioner: 35. The proposed scheme must be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer as described in paragraph 83-180(3)(b). 36. Paragraphs 10 to 14 of this Ruling describe the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the employer's operations. In approving the Scheme, the Commissioner has had regard to the changes in the operations and nature of the workforce of Museums Victoria. It is considered that the Scheme is to be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(b). 37. Accordingly, the second requirement of subsection 83-180(3) has been met. | The scheme must be approved by the Commissioner prior to its implementation: 38. The Scheme is proposed to operate for a period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. 39. The Scheme will be in operation for a period considered appropriate due to the circumstances of the re-organisation. 40. As the approval provided by this Ruling was granted prior to implementation, the third requirement of subsection 83-180(3) is satisfied. | Other relevant information: 41. Under subsection 83-180(1), so much of the payment received by an employee because the employee retires under an early retirement scheme as exceeds the amount that could reasonably be expected to be received by the employee in consequence of the voluntary termination of their employment at the time of termination is an early retirement scheme payment. 42. It should be noted that, in order for a payment to qualify as an early retirement scheme payment, it must also satisfy the following requirements (as set out in subsections 83-180(2), (5) and (6)): 43. The term 'arrangement' is defined in subsection 995-1(1) as meaning: 44. The term 'pension age' has the meaning given by subsection 23(1) of the Social Security Act 1991. 45. In accordance with section 83-170, an early retirement scheme payment that falls within the specified limit is referred to as the 'tax-free' amount and will not be assessable income and will not be exempt income. 46. For the 2023-24 income year, the tax-free amount is limited to $11,985 (base amount) plus $5,994 (service amount) for each whole year of completed employment service to which the early retirement scheme payment relates. It should be noted that 6 months, 8 months or even 11 months do not count as a whole year for the purposes of this calculation. 47. The total of the amount received on the termination of employment calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 of this Ruling may qualify as an early retirement scheme payment. 48. The total payment calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 of this Ruling will be measured against the limit in accordance with the formula mentioned in paragraph 46 of this Ruling to determine the tax-free amount of the early retirement scheme payment. 49. The tax-free amount will not be: 50. Any payment in excess of this limit will be an ETP and will be split into tax-free and taxable components. The tax-free component of an ETP includes the pre-July 83 segment of the payment. The tax-free component is not assessable income and is not exempt income. 51. The taxable component of the ETP will be taxed at various rates depending on the person's age. It should be noted that the 'whole of income cap' does not apply to any part of the early retirement scheme payment. © AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA You are free to copy, adapt, modify, transmit and distribute this material as you wish (but not in any way that suggests the ATO or the Commonwealth endorses you or any of your services or products).

Ruling: 1. This Ruling sets out the income tax consequences of an early retirement scheme implemented by Museums Board of Victoria (Museums Victoria). 2. Details of this scheme are set out in paragraphs 9 to 28 of this Ruling. 3. All legislative references in this Ruling are to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, unless otherwise indicated. | Who this Ruling applies to: 4. This Ruling applies to employees of Museums Victoria who receive a payment under the scheme. | When this Ruling applies: 5. This Ruling applies from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. 6. Museums Victoria - early retirement scheme 2023 (the Scheme) is an early retirement scheme for the purposes of section 83-180. 7. Accordingly, so much of the payment received by an eligible employee that exceeds the amount that could reasonably be expected to be received by the employee in consequence of voluntary termination of their employment at the time of the retirement will be an early retirement scheme payment. 8. In addition, so much of the Scheme payment, as falls within the threshold calculated in accordance with section 83-170, is not assessable income and is not exempt income. 9. The following description of the scheme is based on information provided by the applicant. If the scheme is not carried out as described, this Ruling cannot be relied upon. 10. Museums Victoria's budget for 2022-23 includes significant investments in capital works, infrastructure, exhibitions and experiences that enable Museums Victoria to meet its strategic priorities outlined in the Museums Victoria Strategic Plan 2017-2025 and compliance obligations. 11. Museums Victoria is primarily funded by the Victorian Government and the Victorian Government 2022-23 Budget includes investments to stimulate the economy, promote economic recovery, create jobs and invest in the implementation of the Victorian Government's reform agenda. 12. In the context of the changing economic landscape and State Government priorities, a plateauing of funding from relevant sources and significant increases in operating costs has resulted in the viability and sustainability of Museums Victoria's current business model being severely impacted. 13. Museums Victoria is taking steps to progressively realign expenditure to target areas of the highest priority. 14. Museums Victoria has determined that voluntary departure packages be offered in support of both the much-needed structural change and employee reductions. 15. The class of employees that are eligible to participate in the Scheme are those employees who, as at the date that the Scheme comes into effect, meet the following criteria: 16. The following employees are specifically excluded from participating in the Scheme: 17. On commencement of the Scheme, eligible employees will be invited to submit their application to participate in the Scheme. 18. If significant numbers of applications are made within a department or division, participation will be limited to maintain minimum operating staffing requirements in the department or division. Preference will be given to employees with the greatest number of years of service and employees with the greatest substantive VPS classification. 19. There is also a limit on the total number of packages available under the Scheme. If more employees apply to participate in the Scheme than the number of packages available, offers will be made to employees with the greatest number of years of service and employees with the greatest substantive VPS classification. 20. Employees whose applications are accepted will receive formal offers shortly after the application period closes. Employees will have a limited time to accept or decline the offer. Once an offer is accepted, voluntary withdrawal from the Scheme will not be permitted. 21. Employees who accept an offer to retire under the Scheme will be provided with 4 weeks' notice of termination of employment. At the employees sole discretion and with agreement from their Manager and People & Culture, an employee may bring forward their exit date. 22. Employees who accept an offer to retire under the Scheme will be subject to a 3-year restriction on re-employment in the Victorian Public Sector. Employees who accept an offer to retire under the Scheme are required to agree not to seek or accept re-employment with, or fee for service from, a public sector employer, including public sector employment through a labour hire agency, for a minimum of 3 calendar years from the date of their separation. 23. Employees who retire under the Scheme will be paid the following: | Table 1: Amounts of voluntary departure incentive paid under component C: 24. The payment made under the Scheme is not in lieu of any superannuation benefit an employee may otherwise have been entitled to. 25. Employees retiring under the Scheme will receive their statutory entitlements, such as annual leave and long service leave, where applicable. However, these amounts will not form part of the payment under the Scheme. 26. Museums Victoria and employees who participate in the Scheme will do so at arm's length. 27. The retirement of employees who receive a payment under the Scheme will occur before they reach pension age. 28. There will be no agreements made between Museums Victoria and an eligible employee, or Museums Victoria and another party, to employ any employee after retirement under the Scheme. Commissioner of Taxation 3 May 2023 | Requirements for an early retirement scheme: 29. A scheme will be an early retirement scheme if it satisfies the requirements of subsection 83-180(3). 30. Subsection 83-180(3) states that: These 3 requirements are considered in paragraphs 31 to 40 of this Ruling. | All employees within a class approved by the Commissioner may participate in the scheme: 31. In order to satisfy the first requirement in subsection 83-180(3), participation in a scheme must be offered to all employees in a class approved by the Commissioner. 32. The class of employees to whom early retirement will be offered under the Scheme is set out in paragraph 15, subject to paragraph 16, of this Ruling. 33. The Commissioner considers that, for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(a), this is an appropriate class of persons for participation in the Scheme to be offered to. In approving this class of employees, the Commissioner has considered the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the operations of Museums Victoria. 34. Therefore, the first requirement of subsection 83-180(3) is satisfied. | The employer's purpose in implementing the scheme is to rationalise or re-organise the employer's operations in a way approved by the Commissioner: 35. The proposed scheme must be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer as described in paragraph 83-180(3)(b). 36. Paragraphs 10 to 14 of this Ruling describe the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the employer's operations. In approving the Scheme, the Commissioner has had regard to the changes in the operations and nature of the workforce of Museums Victoria. It is considered that the Scheme is to be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(b). 37. Accordingly, the second requirement of subsection 83-180(3) has been met. | The scheme must be approved by the Commissioner prior to its implementation: 38. The Scheme is proposed to operate for a period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. 39. The Scheme will be in operation for a period considered appropriate due to the circumstances of the re-organisation. 40. As the approval provided by this Ruling was granted prior to implementation, the third requirement of subsection 83-180(3) is satisfied. | Other relevant information: 41. Under subsection 83-180(1), so much of the payment received by an employee because the employee retires under an early retirement scheme as exceeds the amount that could reasonably be expected to be received by the employee in consequence of the voluntary termination of their employment at the time of termination is an early retirement scheme payment. 42. It should be noted that, in order for a payment to qualify as an early retirement scheme payment, it must also satisfy the following requirements (as set out in subsections 83-180(2), (5) and (6)): 43. The term 'arrangement' is defined in subsection 995-1(1) as meaning: 44. The term 'pension age' has the meaning given by subsection 23(1) of the Social Security Act 1991. 45. In accordance with section 83-170, an early retirement scheme payment that falls within the specified limit is referred to as the 'tax-free' amount and will not be assessable income and will not be exempt income. 46. For the 2023-24 income year, the tax-free amount is limited to $11,985 (base amount) plus $5,994 (service amount) for each whole year of completed employment service to which the early retirement scheme payment relates. It should be noted that 6 months, 8 months or even 11 months do not count as a whole year for the purposes of this calculation. 47. The total of the amount received on the termination of employment calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 of this Ruling may qualify as an early retirement scheme payment. 48. The total payment calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 of this Ruling will be measured against the limit in accordance with the formula mentioned in paragraph 46 of this Ruling to determine the tax-free amount of the early retirement scheme payment. 49. The tax-free amount will not be: 50. Any payment in excess of this limit will be an ETP and will be split into tax-free and taxable components. The tax-free component of an ETP includes the pre-July 83 segment of the payment. The tax-free component is not assessable income and is not exempt income. 51. The taxable component of the ETP will be taxed at various rates depending on the person's age. It should be noted that the 'whole of income cap' does not apply to any part of the early retirement scheme payment. © AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA You are free to copy, adapt, modify, transmit and distribute this material as you wish (but not in any way that suggests the ATO or the Commonwealth endorses you or any of your services or products).


Appendix: Requirements for an early retirement scheme: 29. A scheme will be an early retirement scheme if it satisfies the requirements of subsection 83-180(3). 30. Subsection 83-180(3) states that: These 3 requirements are considered in paragraphs 31 to 40 of this Ruling. | All employees within a class approved by the Commissioner may participate in the scheme: 31. In order to satisfy the first requirement in subsection 83-180(3), participation in a scheme must be offered to all employees in a class approved by the Commissioner. 32. The class of employees to whom early retirement will be offered under the Scheme is set out in paragraph 15, subject to paragraph 16, of this Ruling. 33. The Commissioner considers that, for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(a), this is an appropriate class of persons for participation in the Scheme to be offered to. In approving this class of employees, the Commissioner has considered the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the operations of Museums Victoria. 34. Therefore, the first requirement of subsection 83-180(3) is satisfied. | The employer's purpose in implementing the scheme is to rationalise or re-organise the employer's operations in a way approved by the Commissioner: 35. The proposed scheme must be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer as described in paragraph 83-180(3)(b). 36. Paragraphs 10 to 14 of this Ruling describe the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the employer's operations. In approving the Scheme, the Commissioner has had regard to the changes in the operations and nature of the workforce of Museums Victoria. It is considered that the Scheme is to be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(b). 37. Accordingly, the second requirement of subsection 83-180(3) has been met. | The scheme must be approved by the Commissioner prior to its implementation: 38. The Scheme is proposed to operate for a period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. 39. The Scheme will be in operation for a period considered appropriate due to the circumstances of the re-organisation. 40. As the approval provided by this Ruling was granted prior to implementation, the third requirement of subsection 83-180(3) is satisfied. | Other relevant information: 41. Under subsection 83-180(1), so much of the payment received by an employee because the employee retires under an early retirement scheme as exceeds the amount that could reasonably be expected to be received by the employee in consequence of the voluntary termination of their employment at the time of termination is an early retirement scheme payment. 42. It should be noted that, in order for a payment to qualify as an early retirement scheme payment, it must also satisfy the following requirements (as set out in subsections 83-180(2), (5) and (6)): 43. The term 'arrangement' is defined in subsection 995-1(1) as meaning: 44. The term 'pension age' has the meaning given by subsection 23(1) of the Social Security Act 1991. 45. In accordance with section 83-170, an early retirement scheme payment that falls within the specified limit is referred to as the 'tax-free' amount and will not be assessable income and will not be exempt income. 46. For the 2023-24 income year, the tax-free amount is limited to $11,985 (base amount) plus $5,994 (service amount) for each whole year of completed employment service to which the early retirement scheme payment relates. It should be noted that 6 months, 8 months or even 11 months do not count as a whole year for the purposes of this calculation. 47. The total of the amount received on the termination of employment calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 of this Ruling may qualify as an early retirement scheme payment. 48. The total payment calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 of this Ruling will be measured against the limit in accordance with the formula mentioned in paragraph 46 of this Ruling to determine the tax-free amount of the early retirement scheme payment. 49. The tax-free amount will not be: 50. Any payment in excess of this limit will be an ETP and will be split into tax-free and taxable components. The tax-free component of an ETP includes the pre-July 83 segment of the payment. The tax-free component is not assessable income and is not exempt income. 51. The taxable component of the ETP will be taxed at various rates depending on the person's age. It should be noted that the 'whole of income cap' does not apply to any part of the early retirement scheme payment. © AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA You are free to copy, adapt, modify, transmit and distribute this material as you wish (but not in any way that suggests the ATO or the Commonwealth endorses you or any of your services or products).


What this Ruling is about | If this Ruling applies to you, and you correctly rely on it, we will apply the law to you in the way set out in this Ruling. That is, you will not pay any more tax or penalties or interest in respect of the matters covered by this Ruling. | 5 years and up to 6 years | 7 years and up to 9 years | A scheme is an early retirement scheme if: | (a) all the employer's employees who comprise such a class of employees as the Commissioner approves may participate in the scheme; and | (b) the employer's purpose in implementing the scheme is to rationalise or re-organise the employer's operations by making any change to the employer's operations, or the nature of the work force, that the Commissioner approves; and | (c) before the scheme is implemented, the Commissioner, by written instrument, approves the scheme as an early retirement scheme for the purposes of this section. | ... any arrangement, agreement, understanding, promise or undertaking, whether express or implied, and whether or not enforceable (or intended to be enforceable) by legal proceedings.


Legislative references: ITAA 1997 82-135 ITAA 1997 82-135(e) ITAA 1997 83-170 ITAA 1997 83-180 ITAA 1997 83-180(1) ITAA 1997 83-180(2) ITAA 1997 83-180(3) ITAA 1997 83-180(3)(a) ITAA 1997 83-180(3)(b) ITAA 1997 83-180(5) ITAA 1997 83-180(6) ITAA 1997 995-1(1) Social Security Act 1991 23(1)