Product Ruling PR 2009/45
Date of effect: 5 August 2009

What this ruling is about: 1. This Product Ruling sets out the Commissioner's opinion on the way in which the relevant provisions identified in the Ruling section (below) apply to the defined class of entities, who take part in the scheme to which this Ruling relates. In this Product Ruling this scheme is referred to as the FEA Plantations Project 2009 Post 30 June Investors - Woodlot Option 3, or simply as 'the Project'. 2. All legislative references in this Ruling are to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) unless otherwise indicated. Where used in this Ruling, the word 'associate' has the meaning given in section 318 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936). In this Ruling, terms defined in the Project agreements have been capitalised. Class of entities 3. This part of the Product Ruling specifies which entities: set out in the Ruling section of this Product Ruling. 4. The members of the class of entities who are subject to those taxation obligations and who can rely on those taxation benefits are referred to in this Product Ruling as Investors. 5. Investors are those entities that: 6. An Investor will have executed the relevant Project Agreement set out in paragraph 38 of this Ruling on or before 30 June 2010 and will hold a 'forestry interest' in the Project. This Product Ruling only applies in respect of Investors who select Woodlot Option 3 in their application to participate in the scheme. Note that separate Product Rulings have been issued for Investors who selected other Woodlot options. These Product Rulings are as follows: 7. The class of entities who can rely on this Product Ruling does not include: Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 8. This Product Ruling does not address the provisions of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (SISA 1993). The Tax Office gives no assurance that the product is an appropriate investment for a superannuation fund. The trustees of superannuation funds are advised that no consideration has been given in this Product Ruling as to whether investment in this product may contravene the provisions of SISA 1993. Qualifications 9. The class of entities defined in this Product Ruling may rely on its contents provided the scheme actually carried out is carried out in accordance with the scheme described in paragraphs 38 to 84 of this Ruling. 10. If the scheme actually carried out is materially different from the scheme that is described in this Product Ruling, then: 11. This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 , no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to:

Class of entities or scheme: 3. This part of the Product Ruling specifies which entities: set out in the Ruling section of this Product Ruling. 4. The members of the class of entities who are subject to those taxation obligations and who can rely on those taxation benefits are referred to in this Product Ruling as Investors. 5. Investors are those entities that: 6. An Investor will have executed the relevant Project Agreement set out in paragraph 38 of this Ruling on or before 30 June 2010 and will hold a 'forestry interest' in the Project. This Product Ruling only applies in respect of Investors who select Woodlot Option 3 in their application to participate in the scheme. Note that separate Product Rulings have been issued for Investors who selected other Woodlot options. These Product Rulings are as follows: 7. The class of entities who can rely on this Product Ruling does not include: | Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993: 8. This Product Ruling does not address the provisions of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (SISA 1993). The Tax Office gives no assurance that the product is an appropriate investment for a superannuation fund. The trustees of superannuation funds are advised that no consideration has been given in this Product Ruling as to whether investment in this product may contravene the provisions of SISA 1993. | Qualifications: 9. The class of entities defined in this Product Ruling may rely on its contents provided the scheme actually carried out is carried out in accordance with the scheme described in paragraphs 38 to 84 of this Ruling. 10. If the scheme actually carried out is materially different from the scheme that is described in this Product Ruling, then: 11. This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 , no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: 12. This Product Ruling applies prospectively from 5 August 2009, the date this Product Ruling is made. It therefore applies only to the specified class of entities that enter into the scheme from 5 August 2009 until 30 June 2010, being the closing date for entry into the scheme. This Product Ruling provides advice on the availability of tax benefits to the specified class of entities for all income years up to the income year in which the scheme is terminated in accordance with the Project Constitution. 13. However the Product Ruling only applies to the extent that there is no change in the scheme or in the entity's involvement in the scheme. | Changes in the law: 14. Although this Product Ruling deals with the income tax laws enacted at the time it was issued, later amendments may impact on this Product Ruling. Any such changes will take precedence over the application of this Product Ruling and, to that extent, this Product Ruling will have no effect. 15. Entities who are considering participating in the scheme are advised to confirm with their taxation adviser that changes in the law have not affected this Product Ruling since it was issued. | Note to promoters and advisers: 16. Product Rulings were introduced for the purpose of providing certainty about tax consequences for entities in schemes such as this. In keeping with that intention the Tax Office suggests that promoters and advisers ensure that participants are fully informed of any legislative changes after the Product Ruling is issued. | Goods and Services Tax: 17. All amounts and percentages referred to in this Product Ruling exclude the Goods and Services Tax (GST), unless otherwise specified. The transactions in respect of this scheme may, where appropriate, have GST implications. Those GST implications are outside the scope of this Product Ruling. | Structure of the Project: 18. The FEA Plantations Project 2009 Post 30 June Investors - Woodlot Option 3 is a 'forestry managed investment scheme' as defined in subsection 394-15(1). Its purpose is the establishment and tending of Pinus radiata trees for felling in Australia. 19. Subject to the stated qualifications, this part of the Product Ruling sets out in detail the taxation obligations and benefits for an 'initial participant' [1] in the defined class of entities (see paragraphs 3 to 7 of this Ruling) who is accepted to participate in the 'forestry managed investment scheme' described below at paragraphs 38 to 84 of this Ruling between 5 August 2009 and on or before 30 June 2010 inclusive. 20. An entity that takes part in the Project as a 'subsequent participant' [2] is not covered by this Product Ruling but may request a private ruling on their participation in the Project. A 'subsequent participant' is an entity that does not meet the definition of 'initial participant' in subsection 394-15(5). | Carrying on a business: 21. An Investor (as described in paragraphs 3 to 6 of this Ruling) in the Project is not considered to be carrying on a business of primary production. | The '70% DFE rule' and the establishment of the trees: 22. The taxation obligations and benefits set out below have been determined using the information provided to the Commissioner by FEA Plantations. On the basis of that information the Commissioner has decided that on 30 June 2009 it will be reasonable to expect that the '70% DFE rule' [3] will be satisfied. The Tax Office may undertake review activities during the term of the Project to verify the information relied on for the purposes of the '70% DFE rule'. 23. The Ruling will only apply if FEA Plantations establishes all of the Trees that were intended to be established under the Project within 18 months of the end of the income year in which the first 'participant' in the Project is accepted. [4] For this Project the trees must be established no later than 31 December 2010. 24. In the context of this Project the Trees will be established when they are planted on the land acquired for the purposes of the Project at the average rate of 1,330 trees per hectare. FEA Plantations is required by section 394-10 of Schedule 1 of the TAA to notify the Tax Office if the trees are not established by 31 December 2010. | Sections 8-5, 394-10 and 394-20: 25. An Investor in the Project can claim deductions for the amounts shown in the Table below that are paid to FEA Plantations (sections 8-5 and 394-10). 26. The deductibility of these amounts remains subject to a requirement that a CGT event [5] does not happen in relation to the Investor's 'forestry interest' before 1 July 2014 (see paragraphs 29 to 31 of this Ruling). 27. The amount is deductible in the income year in which it is paid, or is paid on behalf of the Investor (subsection 394-10(2) and section 394-20). Where an Investor does not fully pay an amount, or it is not fully paid on their behalf in an income year, it is deductible only to the extent to which it has been paid. Any unpaid amount is then deductible in the year or years in which it is actually paid. 28. Amounts that are allowable deductions under Division 394 cannot also be claimed as deductions under section 8-1 (section 8-10). | Subsections 394-10(5) and 394-10(6): 29. Deductions for the establishment fee, the ongoing management and land sourcing fee and any other amounts that have been allowed as deductions under 394-10 in the first four years are not allowable where a 'CGT event' happens in relation to the 'forestry interest' of an Investor before 1 July 2014 (subsection 394-10(5)). 30. Where deductions for these amounts have already been claimed by an Investor the Commissioner may amend their assessment at any time within two years of the 'CGT event' happening (subsection 394-10(6)). The Commissioner's power to amend in these circumstances applies despite section 170 of the ITAA 1936. 31. Investors whose deductions are disallowed because of subsection 394-10(5) are still required to include in assessable income the market value of the 'forestry interest' at the time of the 'CGT event' or the decrease in the market value of the 'forestry interest' as a result of the 'CGT event'. | Section 8-1 and 25-25: 32. An Investor may claim tax deductions for the following fees and expenses as set out in the following table. Notes : | Sections 6-10 and 394-25: 33. Where a 'CGT event' (other than a 'CGT event' in respect of a thinning [6] - see paragraph 36 of this Ruling) happens to a 'forestry interest' held by an Investor in this Project the market value of the 'forestry interest', or the decrease in the market value of the 'forestry interest', is included in the assessable income of the Investor (sections 6-10 and 394-25) less any GST payable on those proceeds (section 17-5). 34. The relevant amount is included in the Investor's assessable income in the income year in which the 'CGT event' happens (subsection 394-25(2)). 35. 'CGT events' for these purposes include those relating to: | Section 6-5: 36. An amount received by an Investor in respect of a thinning of the Trees grown in this Project is not received as a result of a 'CGT event' and is not otherwise assessable under Division 394. The amount is a distribution of ordinary income that arises as an incident of an Investor holding a 'forestry interest' in the Project. Investors include amounts received for thinning the trees in their assessable income in the income year in which the amounts are derived (section 6-5) less any GST payable on those proceeds (section 17-5). | Division 35 of the ITAA 1997 and sections 82KZM, 82KZME, 82KZMF and 82KL and Part IVA of the ITAA 1936: 37. Where an Investor is accepted to participate in the Project set out at paragraphs 38 to 84 of this Ruling, the following provisions of the ITAA 1936 or the ITAA 1997 have application as indicated: 38. The scheme that is the subject of this Ruling is specified below. This scheme incorporates the following: Note : certain information has been provided on a commercial-in-confidence basis and will not be disclosed or released under Freedom of Information legislation. 39. All Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) requirements are, or will be, complied with for the term of the agreements. 40. The documents highlighted are those that an Investor may enter into. For the purposes of describing the scheme to which this Ruling applies, there are no other agreements, whether formal or informal, and whether or not legally enforceable, which an Investor, or any associate of an Investor, will be a party to, which are a part of the scheme. The effect of these agreements is summarised as follows. | Overview: 41. The main features of the FEA Plantations Project 2009 Post 30 June Investors - Woodlot Option 3 are as follows: 42. The Project is a registered managed investment scheme under the Corporations Act 2001 . FEA Plantations has been issued with an Australian Financial Service Licence 243515 and will be the Responsible Entity for the Project. 43. An offer to participate in the Project will be made through a Product Disclosure Statement (PDS). There are 5 options offered under the PDS. These are: 44. The offer under the PDS is for 16,000 hectares in total, which corresponds to approximately 35,000 'forestry interests' in the Project. 45. An entity that participates in the Project as an Investor in the Woodlot Option 3 will do so by acquiring a 'forestry interest' in the Project during the period 5 August 2009 to 30 June 2010, which will consist of a minimum of one Woodlot of 0.5 hectares in size. 46. This Product Ruling only applies to Woodlot Option 3 . Paragraph 6 of this Ruling details the Product Ruling numbers of Product Rulings that have been issued for other Woodlot options. 47. To participate in the Project Applicants must complete the Application Form attached to the PDS and if applying for finance, complete the Finance Application Pack and pay the full application fee by 30 June 2010. 48. By signing the Application Form, the Applicant has agreed to be bound by the terms of the Constitution. 49. For the purposes of this Ruling, Applicants who are accepted to participate in the Project and who acquire an interest during the period 5 August 2009 to 30 June 2010 will become Investors in the Project. 50. FEA Plantations will identify sufficient land to be used for the Project. Plantations in this Project will be established close to existing plantations that the FEA Group has established in Tasmania. Land utilised by the Project must meet the requirements set out in the Independent Forester's Report. 51. Each Investor will have a beneficial interest in their Woodlots, the Trees which are planted on their Woodlots and the produce derived from those Trees. 52. Investors are responsible for insurance to cover the standing timber in their Woodlots against loss or damage by fire and other risks as included in the insurance policy. If requested, FEA Plantations will use its best endeavours to arrange plantation insurance cover annually for an Investor's interest in the Project. 53. The PDS describes the insurance options available. The terms of the insurance that will be procured by FEA Plantations are set out in the plantation insurance policy. Investors insuring their Woodlots will be invoiced by FEA Plantations, the insurance premium together with an administration fee of 10% on 1 June each year for each plantation insurance period being 1 October to 30 September commencing from the second growing year of the Plantation. 54. A Full Replacement Cost Insurance is available to all Investors and it will be compulsory for an Investor who obtains finance with a term longer than two years. 55. Investors will receive an annual written report in relation to the progress of the plantations in the Project during the Term of the Project. 56. A commercial thinning will be undertaken at approximately years 13 and 18 and a final harvest of the Trees and the sale of the timber will occur in approximately 25 years after planting, at which time, the Woodlot Option 3 Investor's Interest in the Project will terminate. | Constitution: 57. The Constitution establishes the Project and operates as a deed binding all Investors and FEA Plantations. The Constitution governs the Project. It sets out the terms and conditions under which FEA Plantations agrees to act as Responsible Entity and thereby manage the Project. Upon acceptance into the Project, Investors are bound by the Constitution by virtue of their participation in the Project. 58. All moneys received from applications shall be held by the Responsible Entity in the Application Fund, on trust for the Investor. FEA Plantations will only transfer money paid by an Applicant from the Application Fund when the Responsible Entity has issued an Interest to the Applicant (clause 15). 59. If Application Money is paid and an Interest is not issued to the Applicant who paid the Application Money, then the Application Money must be refunded to the Applicant within 10 Business Days of refusing the application (clause 6.4 (c)). 60. The Constitution also sets out among other things, the following provisions relating to: 61. The Responsible Entity must operate the Project and comply with its obligations that arise under the Constitution which governs the operation of the Project. Under clause 19.2 the Responsible Entity must establish and manage the plantation in a commercially sound manner and in accordance with best silvicultural practice. In establishing and managing the plantation the Responsible Entity must ensure it, or its agent, performs the services set out in Schedule 4 of the Constitution within the timeframes specified in that Schedule. These establishment services include: 62. The Responsible Entity must complete all the above establishment services by 31 December 2010 on Woodlots allocated to Investors who have entered into the Project during the period 5 August 2009 to 30 June 2010. 63. The Responsible Entity, if necessary, replant any seedlings which die during the first 3 years after the date the Investor is registered as the holder of the Woodlot to 90% of the average initial planting density. Replanting will not be undertaken if: 64. The Responsible Entity will provide management services relating to the tending and rearing of the seedlings and the management and maintenance of the plantation established on the Land. These include: 65. On behalf of the Investor the Manager will determine the appropriate time for the thinning and clear fell of the Investor's Trees and will market and sell the Investor's timber. | Compliance Plan: 66. As required by the Corporations Act 2001 , the Responsible Entity has prepared a Compliance Plan. The purpose of the Compliance Plan is to ensure that the Responsible Entity manages the Project in accordance with its obligations and responsibilities contained in the Constitution and that the interest of an Investor is protected. | Forestry Right Deed: 67. The Landowner grants to FEA Plantations the Forestry Rights described in clause 6 for the Term commencing on the Commencement Date and ending on the Termination Date. FEA Plantations will register a Forestry Right by lodging an Instrument Form detailing the particulars of the Forestry Right in Tasmania, and lodge a caveat or other document with the Land Titles Office. | Wood Purchase Agreement: 68. The Responsible Entity will enter into a Wood Purchase Agreement with FEA whereby FEA will agree to purchase the harvested wood for the purchase price, which is fair and reasonable having regard to the market prices at the time of harvest for wood of similar quality and quantity. | Pooling of wood and Investor's entitlement to a distribution: 69. The Constitution (clause 16) sets out provisions relating to the pooling of amounts from the sale of the Investor's timber and the distribution of Proceeds Funds from that sale or from Insurance Proceeds. | Fees: 70. The Project fees, per Woodlot, are set out in Schedule 3 of the Project Constitution: | Finance: 71. To finance all or part of the cost of their 'forestry interest' under Woodlot Option 3, an Investor has an option to fund their involvement in the Project with one of the two finance packages offered on commercial terms. Investors may borrow from Forest Enterprises Australia Limited (FEA) which is a lender associated with FEA Plantations or with United Pacific Securities Pty Ltd (UPS) the Project's preferred lender. Alternatively, an Investor may borrow from an independent lender external to the Project. 72. Only the finance arrangements set out below are covered by this Product Ruling. An Investor cannot rely on this Product Ruling if they enter into a finance arrangement with FEA or UFP that materially differs from that set out in the documentation provided to the Tax Office with the application for this Product Ruling. An Investor who enters into a finance arrangement with an independent lender external to the Project may request a private ruling on the deductibility or otherwise of interest incurred under finance arrangements not covered by this Product Ruling. 73. An Investor cannot rely on any part of this Product Ruling if the Application Money is not paid in full on or before 30 June 2010 by the Investor or, on the Investor's behalf, by a lending institution. Where FEA accepts an application that is subject to finance approval by any lending institution, the relevant Investor cannot rely on this Product Ruling unless the finance is approved on or before 30 June 2010 and the full amount of the Application Money including the loan monies, are paid by that date. 74. The details of the finance offered by FEA or UPS in respect of Woodlot Option 3 are summarised below: | Finance offered by FEA: 75. An Investor can finance the cost of their Application by borrowing from FEA an amount equal to their Application Money less any deposit required to be paid on application by the Investor. 76. FEA will only provide loan funds to Investors if FEA has sufficient funds available to advance the loan monies for the Investors. 77. Subject to FEA accepting the Investor's Application, the Investor will be bound by the terms and conditions of the Loan Agreement. 78. FEA provides the loan on a full recourse basis and recovery action will be taken in respect of any default by the borrower. Security is provided by a charge over the whole right, title and interest of the benefits arising under the Constitution. Overdue repayments will incur interest at the default rate of 15% per annum. 79. An Establishment Fee of up to $250 is payable and may be capitalised to the loan amount. 80. A one-year interest-free loan or a two, three, five, seven, ten, twelve and fifteen year principal and interest finance option will be offered by FEA. | Finance offered by UPS: 81. An Investor may borrow from UPS an amount up to 100% of the Application Money. The loan amounts available from UPS are between $5,000 and $500,000 with an indicative fixed interest rate of approximately 11.25%. The Borrower must make monthly repayments of principal and interest. Interest will be calculated under clause 3 at a rate specified in Item 8 of the Loan Agreement Schedule except, in the case of default by the Investor an additional 3% interest per annum will be charged. 82. Investors pay a loan establishment fee of $375, stamp duty and any additional legal fees. Break costs are also payable if the loan agreement ends early due to a default by the Investor or if the Investor chooses to repay the Monies Secured before the Repayment Date. 83. UPS provides loans on a full recourse basis. Security is provided by a charge over the whole right, title and interest of the benefits arising in favour of the Investor under the Project and recovery action will be taken in respect of any default by the borrower. | Principal and Interest Period with Optional Interest Only Period: 84. This Ruling does not apply if the finance arrangement entered into by the Investor which includes or has any of the following features: Commissioner of Taxation 5 August 2009 | Structure of the Project: 85. In return for payment of the establishment fee and the other fees and expenses required under the Constitution during the term of the Project, Investors will hold a 'forestry interest' in a 'forestry managed investment scheme'. The Project qualifies as a 'forestry managed investment scheme' because its purpose is for 'establishing and tending trees for felling in Australia' (see subsection 394-15(1)). 86. Under the Constitution of the Project and the other supporting agreements, the holding of a 'forestry interest' in the Project gives each Investor a right to a share in the proceeds of the harvest and share of the proceeds of any thinning of the trees grown on the Project land. That share of proceeds is determined using the number of 'forestry interests' held by an Investor as a proportion of all 'forestry interests' held by 'participants' [7] in the Project. | Is the Investor carrying on a business?: 87. The general indicators used by the Courts in determining whether an entity is carrying on a business are set out in Taxation Ruling TR 97/11 Income tax: am I carrying on a business of primary production? 88. More recently, and in relation to a managed investment scheme similar to that which is the subject of this Ruling, the Full Federal Court in Hance v. FC of T ; Hannebery v. FC of T [2008] FCAFC 196; 2008 ATC 20-085 applied these principles to conclude that 'Investors' in that scheme were carrying on a business of producing almonds (at FCAFC 90; ATC 90). 89. Application of these principles to the arrangement set out above leads to the conclusion that an Investor (as described in paragraphs 4 to 6 of this Ruling), in the Project is not considered to be carrying on a business of primary production involving afforestation activities. | Sections 8-5, 12-5, 394-10 and 394-20: 90. Section 8-5 allows certain specific deductions to be claimed against the assessable income of a taxpayer. The list of specific deductions is shown in a table in section 12-5 and includes payments under a 'forestry managed investment scheme' that meet the requirements of subsection 394-10(1). | Paragraph 394-10(1)(c) and section 394-35: 91. The threshold test for Investor in the Project to be entitled to deductions under subsection 394-10(1) is the '70% DFE rule' in paragraph 394-10(1)(c). Under that rule it must be reasonable to expect that on 30 June 2009, the amount of 'direct forestry expenditure' [8] under the scheme will be no less than 70% of the amount of payments under the scheme. [9] 92. The amount of all 'direct forestry expenditure' is the amount of the net present value of all 'direct forestry expenditure' that FEA Plantations, as 'forestry manager' [10] of the Project, has paid or will pay under the scheme (subsection 394-35(2)). 93. The 'amount of payments under the scheme' is the amount of the net present value of all amounts (that is, the fees and expenses) that all current and future 'participants' in the scheme have paid or will pay under the scheme (subsection 394-35(3)). 94. Both of the above amounts are determined as at 30 June 2009 taking into account: 95. Applying all of these requirements to the information provided by FEA Plantations of the Project the Commissioner has determined that the Project will satisfy the '70% DFE rule' on 30 June 2009. | The other elements for deductibility under subsection 394-10(1): 96. The requirement of paragraph 394-10(1)(d) that Investors in the Project not have day to day control over the operation of the Project is clear from the Constitution as are the alternative elements of paragraph 394-10(1)(e) relating to the number of Investors in the scheme and the Responsible Entity's role in other managed investment schemes. 97. The final requirement for deductibility requires all the Project trees to be established within 18 months of 30 June 2010 (see paragraph 394-10(1)(f) and subsection 394-10(4)). The planting timeline provided with the application for this Ruling by FEA Plantations indicates that all the trees required to be established under the scheme will be planted on the Project land by 31 December 2010. 98. Accordingly, subject to the qualifications set out below, amounts paid by Investors to FEA Plantations in relation their 'forestry interests' satisfy all requirements of subsection 394-10(1). The amounts are allowable deductions in the income year in which they are paid (subsection 394-10(2)). 99. Where an Investor does not fully pay an amount, or the amount is not fully paid on their behalf in an income year (see section 394-20), it is deductible only to the extent to which it has been paid. The unpaid balance is then deductible in the year or years in which it is actually paid. This may occur, for example, if all or part of the amount is borrowed and the financier fails to transfer the funds to the account of the 'forestry manager' on or before 30 June in an income year. | Loss of deductions previously allowed under section 394-10: 100. Two situations may lead to a loss of deductions previously allowed to Investors. 101. The first of these situations will occur if FEA Plantations fails to establish the trees on the Project land within 18 months. Where this occurs FEA Plantations is required to notify the Commissioner within 3 months of the end of the 18 month period (section 394-10 of Schedule 1 to the TAA). 102. The second situation where an Investor may have deductions disallowed is where a 'CGT event' happens to their 'forestry interest' within 4 years from 30 June of the income year they paid an amount under the scheme, for example, the establishment fee (see subsection 394-10(5)). 103. For the purposes of this provision, the Commissioner is able to amend the assessment of an Investor within 2 years of the relevant 'CGT event' happening. The Commissioner's power to amend in these circumstances applies despite section 170 of the ITAA 1936 (subsection 394-10(6) of the ITAA 1997). 104. Where a 'CGT event' happens to the 'forestry interest' of an Investor within 4 years, the market value of the forestry interest at the time of the 'CGT event' or the decrease in the market value of the 'forestry interest' as a result of the 'CGT event' is still included in the assessable income of the Investor by section 394-25. The amount must be included in assessable income even where an amendment has disallowed or may disallow the deductions previously allowed under section 394-10. | Section 8-1: 105. Where an Investor borrows money to fund their investment in the Project the deductibility of the interest incurred on the loan monies falls for consideration under the general deduction provisions of section 8-1. If the interest incurred by the Investor is deductible under the first positive limb in subsection 8-1(1) there is no requirement to consider whether it is also deductible under the second positive limb of that provision. Court decisions show that the same basic test applies to both limbs (see Ronpibon Tin NL v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1949) 78 CLR 47; (1949) 8 ATD 431, at CLR 56; ATD 435). 106. Under the first positive limb of subsection 8-1(1) the interest incurred by an Investor will be deductible if it is incurred in gaining or producing an Investor's assessable income and is not excluded by one of the negative limbs in subsection 8-1(2). 107. Investors in the Project use the borrowed funds to acquire a 'forestry interest' in a 'forestry managed investment scheme'. The holding of that 'forestry interest' will produce assessable income for an Investor in the form of the proceeds of a full or part disposal of the 'forestry interest' or, as a proportionate share of the harvest and thinning proceeds. The tests of deductibility of interest under the first limb of subsection 8-1(1) are, therefore, met unless one of the exclusions in subsection 8-1(2) apply. 108. For the purposes of this Project, only the capital exclusion in paragraph 8-1(2)(a) is relevant. The use of borrowed funds to purchase a capital asset, such as a 'forestry interest', does not mean that the interest outgoings are on capital account (see Steele v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1999) 197 CLR 459; 99 ATC 4242; (1999) 41 ATR 139, at CLR 470; ATC 4249; ATR 148). 109. Therefore, the capital exclusion in subsection 8-1(2) does not apply to the interest and, subject only to the potential application of the prepayment provisions, a deduction for the interest can be claimed in the year in which it is incurred. (Note: the meaning of 'incurred' is explained in Taxation Ruling TR 97/7.) | Sections 82KZL to 82KZMF: 110. The prepayment provisions contained in Subdivision H of Division 3 of Part III of the ITAA 1936 affect the timing of deductions for certain prepaid expenditure. These provisions apply to certain expenditure incurred under an agreement in return for the doing of a thing under the agreement that will not be wholly done within the same year of income as the year in which the expenditure is incurred. For schemes such as this Project, the main operative provisions are sections 82KZMD and section 82KZMF of the ITAA 1936. 111. However, subsection 394-10(7) of the ITAA 1997 specifically provides that sections 82KZMD and section 82KZMF of the ITAA 1936 do not affect the timing of amounts deductible under section 394-10 of the ITAA 1997. | Sections 82KZME and 82KZMF: 112. Accordingly, under the scheme to which this Product Ruling applies, only deductions for interest payable under a loan with FEA or UPS will potentially fall within the prepayment provisions. However, the conditions applying to the loans to which this Ruling applies (see paragraphs 71 to 84 of this Ruling) do not require any prepayment of interest over the term of the loan. Accordingly, the prepayment provisions have no application to an Investor who enters into those loans. 113. If an Investor chooses to prepay interest on these loans that Investor may request a private ruling on how the prepayment provisions will affect the timing of their interest deduction. | Section 25-25: 114. A deduction is allowable for expenditure incurred by an Investor in borrowing money to the extent that the borrowed money is used for the purpose of producing assessable income (subsection 25-25(1)). 115. In this Project the loan establishment fee payable to FEA or UPS and the loan stamp duty is incurred to borrow money that is used or is to be used solely for income producing purposes during each income year over the term of the loan. 116. The deduction for the borrowing expense is spread over the period of the loan or 5 years, whichever is the shorter (subsection 25-25(4)). | Sections 6-10, 10-5 and 394-25: 117. Section 6-10 includes in assessable income amounts that are not ordinary income. These amounts, called statutory income, are listed in the table in section 10-5 and include amounts that are included in the assessable income of 'initial participants' of a 'forestry managed investment scheme' by subsection 394-25(2). | Subsection 394-25(2): 118. Where a 'CGT event' (other than for a 'CGT event' in respect of a thinning) [11] happens to a 'forestry interest' held by an Investor in this Project, subsection 394-25(2) includes an amount in the assessable income of the Investor if: | Market value rule applies to 'CGT events': 119. If, as a result of the 'CGT event' the Investor either: then the market value of the 'forestry interest' at the time of the event, or the reduction of the market value of the 'forestry interest' as a result of the event, is included in the assessable income of the Investor in the income year in which the 'CGT event' happens (subsection 394-25(2)). A market value rule applies rather than the amount of money actually received from the 'CGT event' (subsection 394-25(3)). However, the market value and the actual amount of money received may be the same. 120. The market value amount included in the assessable income of an Investor is the value of the 'forestry interest' just before the 'CGT event', or where the Investor continues to hold their interest after the event, the amount by which the market value of the 'forestry interest' is reduced as a result of the 'CGT event' (subsection 394-25(2)). 121. Section 394-25 will apply where the 'forestry interest' is sold, is extinguished, or ceases, and will include 'CGT events' such as a full or partial sale of the 'forestry interest' or from a full or partial clear-fell harvest of the trees grown under the Project. | Section 6-5: 122. Section 394-25 specifically excludes from the operation of Division 394 a 'CGT event' that happens in respect of a thinning (see paragraph 394-25(1)(c)). 123. Thinning amounts received by an Investor in this Project do not arise as a result of a 'CGT event' and are not otherwise assessable under Division 394. The receipt of an amount arising from a thinning of the Project trees is a distribution that arises as an incident of the Investor holding a 'forestry interest' in the Project. It is an item of ordinary income and is assessable under section 6-5 in the year in which it is derived. | Sections 35-10 and 35-55 - deferral of losses from non-commercial business activities and the Commissioner's discretion: 124. Division 35 has no application to losses arising from the Investor's participation in the Project, as an Investor who is an 'initial participant' in the Project is not carrying on a business activity (see paragraphs 21 and 87 to 89 of this Ruling. | Section 82KL - recouped expenditure: 125. The operation of section 82KL of the ITAA 1936 depends, among other things, on the identification of a certain quantum of 'additional benefit(s)'. Insufficient 'additional benefits' will be provided to trigger the application of section 82KL of the ITAA 1936. It will not apply to deny the deduction otherwise allowable under section 8-5 of the ITAA 1997. | Part IVA - general tax avoidance provisions: 126. For Part IVA of the ITAA 1936 to apply there must be a 'scheme' (section 177A), a 'tax benefit' (section 177C) and a dominant purpose of entering into the scheme to obtain a tax benefit (section 177D). 127. The FEA Plantations Project 2009 Post 30 June Investors will be a 'scheme' and an Investor will obtain a 'tax benefit' from entering into the 'scheme', in the form of tax deductions for the amounts detailed at paragraphs 28 and 32 of this Ruling that would not have been obtained but for the scheme. However, it is not possible to conclude the scheme will be entered into or carried out with the dominant purpose of obtaining this tax benefit. 128. Investors to whom this Ruling applies will derive assessable income from holding or disposing of their 'forestry interest' in the Project. There are no facts that would suggest that Investors have the opportunity of obtaining a tax advantage other than the tax advantages identified in this Ruling. There is no non-recourse financing or round robin characteristics, and no indication that the parties are not dealing at arm's length or, if any parties are not dealing at arm's length, that any adverse tax consequences result. Further, having regard to the factors to be considered under paragraph 177D(b) of the ITAA 1936 it cannot be concluded, on the information available, that Investors will enter into the scheme for the dominant purpose of obtaining a tax benefit. 129. The following is a detailed contents list for this Ruling: Not previously issued as a draft

Ruling: This Product Ruling has been given on the basis that the entity(s) who applied for the Product Ruling, and their associates, will abide by strict terms of use. Any failure to comply with the terms of use may lead to the withdrawal of this Product Ruling. 1. This Product Ruling sets out the Commissioner's opinion on the way in which the relevant provisions identified in the Ruling section (below) apply to the defined class of entities, who take part in the scheme to which this Ruling relates. In this Product Ruling this scheme is referred to as the FEA Plantations Project 2009 Post 30 June Investors - Woodlot Option 3, or simply as 'the Project'. 2. All legislative references in this Ruling are to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) unless otherwise indicated. Where used in this Ruling, the word 'associate' has the meaning given in section 318 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936). In this Ruling, terms defined in the Project agreements have been capitalised. | Class of entities: 3. This part of the Product Ruling specifies which entities: set out in the Ruling section of this Product Ruling. 4. The members of the class of entities who are subject to those taxation obligations and who can rely on those taxation benefits are referred to in this Product Ruling as Investors. 5. Investors are those entities that: 6. An Investor will have executed the relevant Project Agreement set out in paragraph 38 of this Ruling on or before 30 June 2010 and will hold a 'forestry interest' in the Project. This Product Ruling only applies in respect of Investors who select Woodlot Option 3 in their application to participate in the scheme. Note that separate Product Rulings have been issued for Investors who selected other Woodlot options. These Product Rulings are as follows: 7. The class of entities who can rely on this Product Ruling does not include: | Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993: 8. This Product Ruling does not address the provisions of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (SISA 1993). The Tax Office gives no assurance that the product is an appropriate investment for a superannuation fund. The trustees of superannuation funds are advised that no consideration has been given in this Product Ruling as to whether investment in this product may contravene the provisions of SISA 1993. | Qualifications: 9. The class of entities defined in this Product Ruling may rely on its contents provided the scheme actually carried out is carried out in accordance with the scheme described in paragraphs 38 to 84 of this Ruling. 10. If the scheme actually carried out is materially different from the scheme that is described in this Product Ruling, then: 11. This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 , no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to:


Appendix: Structure of the Project: 85. In return for payment of the establishment fee and the other fees and expenses required under the Constitution during the term of the Project, Investors will hold a 'forestry interest' in a 'forestry managed investment scheme'. The Project qualifies as a 'forestry managed investment scheme' because its purpose is for 'establishing and tending trees for felling in Australia' (see subsection 394-15(1)). 86. Under the Constitution of the Project and the other supporting agreements, the holding of a 'forestry interest' in the Project gives each Investor a right to a share in the proceeds of the harvest and share of the proceeds of any thinning of the trees grown on the Project land. That share of proceeds is determined using the number of 'forestry interests' held by an Investor as a proportion of all 'forestry interests' held by 'participants' [7] in the Project. | Is the Investor carrying on a business?: 87. The general indicators used by the Courts in determining whether an entity is carrying on a business are set out in Taxation Ruling TR 97/11 Income tax: am I carrying on a business of primary production? 88. More recently, and in relation to a managed investment scheme similar to that which is the subject of this Ruling, the Full Federal Court in Hance v. FC of T ; Hannebery v. FC of T [2008] FCAFC 196; 2008 ATC 20-085 applied these principles to conclude that 'Investors' in that scheme were carrying on a business of producing almonds (at FCAFC 90; ATC 90). 89. Application of these principles to the arrangement set out above leads to the conclusion that an Investor (as described in paragraphs 4 to 6 of this Ruling), in the Project is not considered to be carrying on a business of primary production involving afforestation activities. | Sections 8-5, 12-5, 394-10 and 394-20: 90. Section 8-5 allows certain specific deductions to be claimed against the assessable income of a taxpayer. The list of specific deductions is shown in a table in section 12-5 and includes payments under a 'forestry managed investment scheme' that meet the requirements of subsection 394-10(1). | Paragraph 394-10(1)(c) and section 394-35: 91. The threshold test for Investor in the Project to be entitled to deductions under subsection 394-10(1) is the '70% DFE rule' in paragraph 394-10(1)(c). Under that rule it must be reasonable to expect that on 30 June 2009, the amount of 'direct forestry expenditure' [8] under the scheme will be no less than 70% of the amount of payments under the scheme. [9] 92. The amount of all 'direct forestry expenditure' is the amount of the net present value of all 'direct forestry expenditure' that FEA Plantations, as 'forestry manager' [10] of the Project, has paid or will pay under the scheme (subsection 394-35(2)). 93. The 'amount of payments under the scheme' is the amount of the net present value of all amounts (that is, the fees and expenses) that all current and future 'participants' in the scheme have paid or will pay under the scheme (subsection 394-35(3)). 94. Both of the above amounts are determined as at 30 June 2009 taking into account: 95. Applying all of these requirements to the information provided by FEA Plantations of the Project the Commissioner has determined that the Project will satisfy the '70% DFE rule' on 30 June 2009. | The other elements for deductibility under subsection 394-10(1): 96. The requirement of paragraph 394-10(1)(d) that Investors in the Project not have day to day control over the operation of the Project is clear from the Constitution as are the alternative elements of paragraph 394-10(1)(e) relating to the number of Investors in the scheme and the Responsible Entity's role in other managed investment schemes. 97. The final requirement for deductibility requires all the Project trees to be established within 18 months of 30 June 2010 (see paragraph 394-10(1)(f) and subsection 394-10(4)). The planting timeline provided with the application for this Ruling by FEA Plantations indicates that all the trees required to be established under the scheme will be planted on the Project land by 31 December 2010. 98. Accordingly, subject to the qualifications set out below, amounts paid by Investors to FEA Plantations in relation their 'forestry interests' satisfy all requirements of subsection 394-10(1). The amounts are allowable deductions in the income year in which they are paid (subsection 394-10(2)). 99. Where an Investor does not fully pay an amount, or the amount is not fully paid on their behalf in an income year (see section 394-20), it is deductible only to the extent to which it has been paid. The unpaid balance is then deductible in the year or years in which it is actually paid. This may occur, for example, if all or part of the amount is borrowed and the financier fails to transfer the funds to the account of the 'forestry manager' on or before 30 June in an income year. | Loss of deductions previously allowed under section 394-10: 100. Two situations may lead to a loss of deductions previously allowed to Investors. 101. The first of these situations will occur if FEA Plantations fails to establish the trees on the Project land within 18 months. Where this occurs FEA Plantations is required to notify the Commissioner within 3 months of the end of the 18 month period (section 394-10 of Schedule 1 to the TAA). 102. The second situation where an Investor may have deductions disallowed is where a 'CGT event' happens to their 'forestry interest' within 4 years from 30 June of the income year they paid an amount under the scheme, for example, the establishment fee (see subsection 394-10(5)). 103. For the purposes of this provision, the Commissioner is able to amend the assessment of an Investor within 2 years of the relevant 'CGT event' happening. The Commissioner's power to amend in these circumstances applies despite section 170 of the ITAA 1936 (subsection 394-10(6) of the ITAA 1997). 104. Where a 'CGT event' happens to the 'forestry interest' of an Investor within 4 years, the market value of the forestry interest at the time of the 'CGT event' or the decrease in the market value of the 'forestry interest' as a result of the 'CGT event' is still included in the assessable income of the Investor by section 394-25. The amount must be included in assessable income even where an amendment has disallowed or may disallow the deductions previously allowed under section 394-10. | Section 8-1: 105. Where an Investor borrows money to fund their investment in the Project the deductibility of the interest incurred on the loan monies falls for consideration under the general deduction provisions of section 8-1. If the interest incurred by the Investor is deductible under the first positive limb in subsection 8-1(1) there is no requirement to consider whether it is also deductible under the second positive limb of that provision. Court decisions show that the same basic test applies to both limbs (see Ronpibon Tin NL v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1949) 78 CLR 47; (1949) 8 ATD 431, at CLR 56; ATD 435). 106. Under the first positive limb of subsection 8-1(1) the interest incurred by an Investor will be deductible if it is incurred in gaining or producing an Investor's assessable income and is not excluded by one of the negative limbs in subsection 8-1(2). 107. Investors in the Project use the borrowed funds to acquire a 'forestry interest' in a 'forestry managed investment scheme'. The holding of that 'forestry interest' will produce assessable income for an Investor in the form of the proceeds of a full or part disposal of the 'forestry interest' or, as a proportionate share of the harvest and thinning proceeds. The tests of deductibility of interest under the first limb of subsection 8-1(1) are, therefore, met unless one of the exclusions in subsection 8-1(2) apply. 108. For the purposes of this Project, only the capital exclusion in paragraph 8-1(2)(a) is relevant. The use of borrowed funds to purchase a capital asset, such as a 'forestry interest', does not mean that the interest outgoings are on capital account (see Steele v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1999) 197 CLR 459; 99 ATC 4242; (1999) 41 ATR 139, at CLR 470; ATC 4249; ATR 148). 109. Therefore, the capital exclusion in subsection 8-1(2) does not apply to the interest and, subject only to the potential application of the prepayment provisions, a deduction for the interest can be claimed in the year in which it is incurred. (Note: the meaning of 'incurred' is explained in Taxation Ruling TR 97/7.) | Sections 82KZL to 82KZMF: 110. The prepayment provisions contained in Subdivision H of Division 3 of Part III of the ITAA 1936 affect the timing of deductions for certain prepaid expenditure. These provisions apply to certain expenditure incurred under an agreement in return for the doing of a thing under the agreement that will not be wholly done within the same year of income as the year in which the expenditure is incurred. For schemes such as this Project, the main operative provisions are sections 82KZMD and section 82KZMF of the ITAA 1936. 111. However, subsection 394-10(7) of the ITAA 1997 specifically provides that sections 82KZMD and section 82KZMF of the ITAA 1936 do not affect the timing of amounts deductible under section 394-10 of the ITAA 1997. | Sections 82KZME and 82KZMF: 112. Accordingly, under the scheme to which this Product Ruling applies, only deductions for interest payable under a loan with FEA or UPS will potentially fall within the prepayment provisions. However, the conditions applying to the loans to which this Ruling applies (see paragraphs 71 to 84 of this Ruling) do not require any prepayment of interest over the term of the loan. Accordingly, the prepayment provisions have no application to an Investor who enters into those loans. 113. If an Investor chooses to prepay interest on these loans that Investor may request a private ruling on how the prepayment provisions will affect the timing of their interest deduction. | Section 25-25: 114. A deduction is allowable for expenditure incurred by an Investor in borrowing money to the extent that the borrowed money is used for the purpose of producing assessable income (subsection 25-25(1)). 115. In this Project the loan establishment fee payable to FEA or UPS and the loan stamp duty is incurred to borrow money that is used or is to be used solely for income producing purposes during each income year over the term of the loan. 116. The deduction for the borrowing expense is spread over the period of the loan or 5 years, whichever is the shorter (subsection 25-25(4)). | Sections 6-10, 10-5 and 394-25: 117. Section 6-10 includes in assessable income amounts that are not ordinary income. These amounts, called statutory income, are listed in the table in section 10-5 and include amounts that are included in the assessable income of 'initial participants' of a 'forestry managed investment scheme' by subsection 394-25(2). | Subsection 394-25(2): 118. Where a 'CGT event' (other than for a 'CGT event' in respect of a thinning) [11] happens to a 'forestry interest' held by an Investor in this Project, subsection 394-25(2) includes an amount in the assessable income of the Investor if: | Market value rule applies to 'CGT events': 119. If, as a result of the 'CGT event' the Investor either: then the market value of the 'forestry interest' at the time of the event, or the reduction of the market value of the 'forestry interest' as a result of the event, is included in the assessable income of the Investor in the income year in which the 'CGT event' happens (subsection 394-25(2)). A market value rule applies rather than the amount of money actually received from the 'CGT event' (subsection 394-25(3)). However, the market value and the actual amount of money received may be the same. 120. The market value amount included in the assessable income of an Investor is the value of the 'forestry interest' just before the 'CGT event', or where the Investor continues to hold their interest after the event, the amount by which the market value of the 'forestry interest' is reduced as a result of the 'CGT event' (subsection 394-25(2)). 121. Section 394-25 will apply where the 'forestry interest' is sold, is extinguished, or ceases, and will include 'CGT events' such as a full or partial sale of the 'forestry interest' or from a full or partial clear-fell harvest of the trees grown under the Project. | Section 6-5: 122. Section 394-25 specifically excludes from the operation of Division 394 a 'CGT event' that happens in respect of a thinning (see paragraph 394-25(1)(c)). 123. Thinning amounts received by an Investor in this Project do not arise as a result of a 'CGT event' and are not otherwise assessable under Division 394. The receipt of an amount arising from a thinning of the Project trees is a distribution that arises as an incident of the Investor holding a 'forestry interest' in the Project. It is an item of ordinary income and is assessable under section 6-5 in the year in which it is derived. | Sections 35-10 and 35-55 - deferral of losses from non-commercial business activities and the Commissioner's discretion: 124. Division 35 has no application to losses arising from the Investor's participation in the Project, as an Investor who is an 'initial participant' in the Project is not carrying on a business activity (see paragraphs 21 and 87 to 89 of this Ruling. | Section 82KL - recouped expenditure: 125. The operation of section 82KL of the ITAA 1936 depends, among other things, on the identification of a certain quantum of 'additional benefit(s)'. Insufficient 'additional benefits' will be provided to trigger the application of section 82KL of the ITAA 1936. It will not apply to deny the deduction otherwise allowable under section 8-5 of the ITAA 1997. | Part IVA - general tax avoidance provisions: 126. For Part IVA of the ITAA 1936 to apply there must be a 'scheme' (section 177A), a 'tax benefit' (section 177C) and a dominant purpose of entering into the scheme to obtain a tax benefit (section 177D). 127. The FEA Plantations Project 2009 Post 30 June Investors will be a 'scheme' and an Investor will obtain a 'tax benefit' from entering into the 'scheme', in the form of tax deductions for the amounts detailed at paragraphs 28 and 32 of this Ruling that would not have been obtained but for the scheme. However, it is not possible to conclude the scheme will be entered into or carried out with the dominant purpose of obtaining this tax benefit. 128. Investors to whom this Ruling applies will derive assessable income from holding or disposing of their 'forestry interest' in the Project. There are no facts that would suggest that Investors have the opportunity of obtaining a tax advantage other than the tax advantages identified in this Ruling. There is no non-recourse financing or round robin characteristics, and no indication that the parties are not dealing at arm's length or, if any parties are not dealing at arm's length, that any adverse tax consequences result. Further, having regard to the factors to be considered under paragraph 177D(b) of the ITAA 1936 it cannot be concluded, on the information available, that Investors will enter into the scheme for the dominant purpose of obtaining a tax benefit.


What this Ruling is about | NOT LEGALLY BINDING SECTION: | A public ruling is an expression of the Commissioner's opinion about the way in which a relevant provision applies, or would apply, to entities generally or to a class of entities in relation to a particular scheme or a class of schemes. | If you rely on this ruling, the Commissioner must apply the law to you in the way set out in the ruling (unless the Commissioner is satisfied that the ruling is incorrect and disadvantages you, in which case the law may be applied to you in a way that is more favourable for you - provided the Commissioner is not prevented from doing so by a time limit imposed by the law). You will be protected from having to pay any underpaid tax, penalty or interest in respect of the matters covered by this ruling if it turns out that it does not correctly state how the relevant provision applies to you. | Potential participants must form their own view about the commercial and financial viability of the product. The Commissioner recommends a financial (or other) adviser be consulted for such information. | This Product Ruling provides certainty for potential participants by confirming that the tax benefits set out in the Ruling part of this document are available, provided that the scheme is carried out in accordance with the information we have been given, and have described below in the Scheme part of this document. If the scheme is not carried out as described, participants lose the protection of this Product Ruling. | Amount on a Woodlot basis | 15% of the Investor's proportionate share of the Gross Harvest Proceeds, Salvage Value, or insurance proceeds. | Any year in which this amount is paid | Interest payable to FEA or UPS | Borrowing Costs including Stamp Duty payable to FEA or UPS under the loan agreement | Must be calculated See Notes (ii) and (iii) | Species of trees to be planted under the scheme | The establishment, management, harvesting and selling of a commercial plantation of Pinus radiata trees or similar species, for the purpose of harvesting and selling as unpruned sawlog and pulpwood. | 25 years from 30 June 2010. | Date all trees must be planted on scheme land | Number of trees per hectare | Number of hectares offered for establishment | Approximately 1,000 hectares. | Size of each 'forestry interest' | 0.5 hectares (One Woodlot). | Minimum allocation of 'forestry interests' per Investor | Investors will be charged for the cost of insurance; required or optional. | Management and land sourcing fee will be a percentage of Gross Harvest Proceeds, Salvage Value, or insurance proceeds. | 3 years principal & interest | 5 years principal & interest | 7 years principal & interest | 7 years with 2 years interest only and 5 years principal & interest | 10 years principal & interest | 10 years with 3 years interest only and 7 years principal & interest | 12 year principal & interest | The question of whether an outgoing [is] ... incurred in gaining or producing the assessable income is a question of characterisation ( Fletcher & Ors v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1991) 173 CLR 1; 91 ATC 4950; (1991) 22 ATR 613, at CLR 17; ATC 4957; ATR 621). | To the extent that ... outgoings of interest ... can properly be characterised as of a kind referred to in the first limb of [section 8-1] they must draw their character from the use of the borrowed funds ( Fletcher , at CLR 19; ATC 4958, ATR 623). | [T]he characterisation of interest will generally be ascertained by reference to the objective circumstances of the use to which the borrowed funds are put ( Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. Roberts (1992) 37 FCR 246; 92 ATC 4380; (1992) 23 ATR 494, at FCR 257; ATC 4388; ATR 504). | Interest [is a] periodic payment for the use, but not the permanent acquisition of a capital item. Therefore, a consideration of the often-cited three matters identified by Dixon J in Sun Newspapers Ltd v. FC of T ... assigns interest ... to revenue ( Australian National Hotels Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1988) 19 FCR 234; 88 ATC 4627; (1988) 19 ATR 1575, at FCR 241; ATC 4633-4634; ATR 1582). | 'CGT event' within 4 years for Investors who are 'initial participants' | Deductions for interest on loans to finance the 'forestry interest' of an Investor, borrowing costs and stamp duty | Section 8-1 and 25-25 of the ITAA 1997 | Assessable income, 'CGT events' and the 'forestry interests' of Investors who are 'initial participants' | Amounts received by Investors where the Project trees are thinned | Prepayment provisions, non commercial losses and anti-avoidance provisions | Interest on loans to finance the 'forestry interest' of an Investor | Application of the prepayment provisions to this Project | Appendix 2 - Detailed contents list


Related rulings: TR 97/7 TR 97/11 TR 98/22 PR 2009/23 PR 2009/24 PR 2009/26 PR 2009/27 PR 2009/43 PR 2009/44 PR 2009/46 PR 2009/47
Legislative references: ITAA 1936 ITAA 1936 82KL ITAA 1936 Pt III Div 3 Subdiv H ITAA 1936 82KZL ITAA 1936 82KZLA ITAA 1936 82KZM ITAA 1936 82KZMA ITAA 1936 82KZMB ITAA 1936 82KZMC ITAA 1936 82KZMD ITAA 1936 82KZME ITAA 1936 82KZMF ITAA 1936 Pt IVA ITAA 1936 170 ITAA 1936 177A ITAA 1936 177C ITAA 1936 177D ITAA 1936 177D(b) ITAA 1936 318 ITAA 1997 ITAA 1997 6-5 ITAA 1997 6-10 ITAA 1997 8-1 ITAA 1997 8-1(1) ITAA 1997 8-1(2) ITAA 1997 8-1(2)(a) ITAA 1997 8-5 ITAA 1997 8-10 ITAA 1997 10-5 ITAA 1997 12-5 ITAA 1997 17-5 ITAA 1997 25-25 ITAA 1997 25-25(1 ITAA 1997 25-25(4) ITAA 1997 Div 35 ITAA 1997 35-10 ITAA 1997 35-55 ITAA 1997 Div 394 ITAA 1997 394-10 ITAA 1997 394-10(1) ITAA 1997 394-10(1)(c) ITAA 1997 394-10(1)(d) ITAA 1997 394-10(1)(e) ITAA 1997 394-10(1)(f) ITAA 1997 394-10(2) ITAA 1997 394-10(4) ITAA 1997 394-10(5) ITAA 1997 394-10(6) ITAA 1997 394-10(7) ITAA 1997 394-15(1) ITAA 1997 394-15(2) ITAA 1997 394-15(4) ITAA 1997 394-15(5) ITAA 1997 394-20 ITAA 1997 394-25 ITAA 1997 394-25(1)(c) ITAA 1997 394-25(2) ITAA 1997 394-25(3) ITAA 1997 394-30 ITAA 1997 394-35 ITAA 1997 394-35(1) ITAA 1997 394-35(2) ITAA 1997 394-35(3) ITAA 1997 394-35(4) ITAA 1997 394-35(5) ITAA 1997 394-35(6) ITAA 1997 394-35(7) ITAA 1997 394-35(8) ITAA 1997 394-40 ITAA 1997 394-45 ITAA 1997 995-1 TAA 1953 TAA 1953 Sch 1 394-10 SISA 1993 Copyright Act 1968 Corporations Act 2001
Case references: Australian National Hotels Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1988) 19 FCR 234 88 ATC 4627 19 ATR 1575
Subject references: 4 year holding period 70 per cent DFE rule carrying on a business DFE direct forestry expenditure forestry interest forestry MIS interest expenses managed investment schemes market value substitution rule non commercial losses payments under the scheme producing assessable income product rulings reasonable expectation tax avoidance taxation administration
Other references: Hannebery & Hance (NSD 492 - 493 of 2008)