Taxation Determination TD 2004/77
Date of effect: 15 December 2004







The number, subject heading, date of effect and paragraph 1 of this document are a 'public ruling' for the purposes of Part IVAAA of the Taxation Administration Act 1953 and are legally binding on the Commissioner. | [ Note: This is a consolidated version of this document. Refer to the ATO Legal Database (http://law.ato.gov.au) to check its currency and to view the details of all changes.] | 1. No. Accounting liabilities for unearned premiums are not adjusted under either subsection 705-75(1) or subsection 705-80(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) [1] for the purposes of step 2 in working out the allocable cost amount (ACA) for a general insurance company. | 2. The step 2 amount of the ACA is worked out under subsection 705-70(1) by: | ... adding up the amounts of each thing (an accounting liability ) that, in accordance with the joining entity's *accounting principles for tax cost setting; is a liability of the joining entity at the joining time. | 3. In accordance with paragraph 4.2 of Australian Accounting Standards Board 1023 (AASB 1023) 'General Insurance Contracts': | Premium revenue shall be recognised from the attachment date as soon as there is a basis on which it can be reliably estimated. | In addition, paragraph 4.2.4 states that: | Premium revenue needs to be recognised from the date of the attachment of risk in relation to each general insurance contract because insurers earn premium revenue by assuming insurance risks from that date on behalf of those insured. | Furthermore, paragraph 7.1 states that: | Premium that has not been recognised in the statement of comprehensive income is premium that is unearned and shall be recognised in the statement of financial position as an unearned premium liability. | 4. As a consequence, unearned premiums represent a proportion of gross premiums that will be recognised as being earned in a subsequent accounting period. Consistent with the requirements of Statement of Accounting Concepts 4 (SAC 4) 'Definition and Recognition of the Elements of Financial Statements', with respect to the recognition of revenues, paragraph 114 states: | Revenues arise once control over the future economic benefits has been achieved, provided that there has not been an equivalent increase in liabilities. | 5. In a general insurance context, unearned premiums represent a liability in the form of an obligation to provide insurance cover over a future period of risk. | 6. Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 4.2.4 and 7.1 of AASB 1023 and SAC 4 (see paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Determination), unearned premiums represent an accounting liability of the joining entity at the joining time for the purposes of step 2 in working out ACA (see subsection 705-70(1)). Hence, consideration must be given to whether subsections 705-75(1) and 705-80(1) apply. | Application of subsection 705-75(1): 7. The Explanatory Memorandum to the New Business Tax System (Consolidation) Bill (No. 1) 2002 states at paragraph 5.70 that: | If some or all of a liability will be a deduction to the head company when the liability is discharged, the amount of the liability to be taken into account is reduced by the amount that will be a deduction multiplied by the general company tax rate. This is so that only the net cost to the group of the liability is taken into account as a cost of acquiring the entity. | The need for a reduction under subsection 705-75(1) depends, therefore, upon whether some or all of the accounting liability for unearned premiums will be a deduction to the head company when the liability is discharged. | 8. Consistent with AASB 1023, the accounting value of unearned premiums represents the proportion of gross premiums received that has not yet been 'earned' and which, in accordance with the pattern of the incidence of risk, relates to a future financial period within the period of insurance. | 9. From an income tax perspective, gross premiums in respect of general insurance policies are included in assessable income in the income year in which they are received or receivable (see section 321-45). However, where part of the gross premiums received or receivable relates to risk exposure of subsequent years an amount, determined in accordance with section 321-60, is allocated to the 'unearned premiums reserve' (UPR) and the taxation of that part of the gross premiums is deferred. The UPR is brought to account in the calculation of a general insurance company's assessable income by a process of comparing the value of the UPR at the end of the income year with the value at the end of the previous year of income, whereby: | 10. The nature of the UPR and the mechanism contained in Division 321 are such that an existing UPR balance at the joining time would have previously been allowed as a deduction to the general insurance subsidiary member prior to the joining time. A deduction to the head company in a subsequent income year only arises where there is an increase in the value of the UPR. Such an increase will be directly associated with the recognition of a new liability and obligation, in the form of unearned premiums, to provide insurance cover for an unexpired period of risk and does not relate to the amount of unearned premiums in existence at the joining time. | 11. Unearned premiums in existence at the joining time will not result in a future deduction to the head company for the purposes of subsection 705-75(1). Moreover, the existence of a liability for unearned premiums will result in the inclusion of assessable income in the future for the head company. | 12. Therefore, an accounting liability for unearned premiums does not require an adjustment under subsection 705-75(1). | Application of subsection 705-80(1): 13. Subsection 705-80(1) applies if: | 14. As explained in paragraph 9, for income tax purposes, the UPR is brought to account at year end through a process of comparing the value of the UPR at the end of the income year with its value at the end of the previous income year. Similarly, from an accounting perspective, the value of unearned premiums is brought to account for year end financial reporting purposes, thus giving effect to the requirement in AASB 1023 to recognise premium revenue only when it is earned. | 15. The application of subsection 705-80(1) is premised on the condition that for income tax purposes, an accounting liability is taken into account at a later time than is the case in accordance with accounting standards. As the liability for unearned premiums is taken into account at the same time for income tax purposes as for AASB 1023, it necessarily follows that the first limb of subsection 705-80(1) will not be satisfied. | 16. The method for determining the value of the UPR and the fact that certain costs and expenses relating to gross premiums are an allowable deduction when they are incurred (in the income year in which the premiums are received), results in the same outcome for income tax purposes as that achieved through the application of AASB 1023. | 17. Therefore, an accounting liability for unearned premiums does not require an adjustment under subsection 705-80(1). | Date of Effect: 18. This Determination applies to years commencing both before and after its date of issue. However, it does not apply to taxpayers to the extent that it conflicts with the terms of settlement of a dispute agreed to before the date of issue of the Determination (see paragraphs 21 and 22 of Taxation Ruling TR 92/20). | Commissioner of Taxation 15 December 2004 | Footnotes: Previously issued as Draft TD 2004/D43


Related rulings: TR 92/20
Legislative references: TAA 1953 Pt IVAAA ITAA 1997 ITAA 1997 Div 321 ITAA 1997 321-45 ITAA 1997 321-60 ITAA 1997 705-70(1) ITAA 1997 705-75(1) ITAA 1997 705-80(1)
Subject references: accounting liabilities consolidation consolidation - liabilities general insurance joining entity's accounting principles for tax cost setting unearned premium reserve unearned premiums
Other references: Australian Accounting Standards Board 1023 - General Insurance Contracts Explanatory Memorandum to the New Business Tax System (Consolidation) Bill (No.1) 2002 Statement of Accounting Concepts 4 - Definition and Recognition of the Elements of Financial Statements (1995)