Private ruling: Foreign Pension Fund - Applicable Fund Earnings
Published: September 2012
Ruling period: 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2012

Ruling: Q1: Is any part of the transfer of funds from a foreign pension scheme to an Australian complying superannuation fund assessable as applicable fund earnings? | A1: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: You were a member of an overseas pension fund (Fund A). You became a resident of Australia for tax purposes. No contributions were made by you, or for you, to Fund A since you became an Australian resident. An amount has not been transferred from Fund A to a complying, Australian superannuation fund (Fund B). However, you have requested the calculation of applicable fund earnings if funds were to be transferred from Fund A to Fund B on a particular date. The transfer for the purposes of this calculation represents the entire interest in Fund A. There have been no other transfers of foreign pensions that have taken place.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 295-95(2) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 305-70 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-70(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 305-75 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-75(2) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-75 (3) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-75 (5) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 305-75 (6) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 306-70 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 960-50(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 960-50(4) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 995-1(1) | Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 Section 10 | Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 Section 19 | Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 Section 62

Reasons for decision: Summary: A portion of the lump sum payment from the foreign fund is assessable as 'applicable fund earnings'. Essentially, this assessable amount represents the earnings accrued in the foreign fund for the period of your Australian residency. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: The applicable fund earnings in relation to a lump sum payment from a foreign superannuation fund , that is received more than six months after a person has become an Australian resident, will be assessable under section 305-70 of the ITAA 1997. The remainder of the lump sum payment is not assessable income and is not exempt income. The applicable fund earnings is subject to tax at the person's marginal rate. The remainder of the lump sum payment is not assessable income and is not exempt income. The applicable fund earnings is the amount worked out under either subsection 305-75(2) or (3) of the ITAA 1997. Subsection 305-75(2) applies where the person was an Australian resident at all times during the period to which the lump sum relates. Subsection 305-75(3) applies where the person was not an Australian resident at all times during the period to which the lump sum relates. Before determining whether an amount is assessable under section 305-70 of the ITAA 1997, it is necessary to ascertain whether the payment is being made from a foreign superannuation fund. If the entity making the payment is not a foreign superannuation fund then section 305-70 will not have any application. A foreign superannuation fund is defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 as follows: · a superannuation fund is a foreign superannuation fund at a time if the fund is not an Australian superannuation fund at that time; and · a superannuation fund is a foreign superannuation fund for an income year if the fund is not an Australian superannuation fund for the income year. Under the definition of Australian superannuation fund in subsection 295-95(2) of the ITAA 1997 a superannuation fund that is established outside of Australia and has its central management and control outside of Australia would qualify as a foreign superannuation fund . The fact that some of its members may be Australian residents would not necessarily alter this. Subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 defines a superannuation fund as having the same meaning given by section 10 of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (SIS Act), which requires that the fund is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund. | Detailed Reasoning - Provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund: The High Court examined both the terms superannuation fund and fund in Scott v Commissioner of Taxation of the Commonwealth (No. 2) (1966) 10 AITR 290; (1966) 40 ALJR 265; (1966) 14 ATD 333 (Scott). In that case, Justice Windeyer stated: …I have come to the conclusion that there is no essential single attribute of a superannuation fund established for the benefit of employees except that it must be a fund bona fide devoted as its sole purpose to providing for employees who are participants money benefits (or benefits having a monetary value) upon their reaching a prescribed age. In this connexion "fund", I take it, ordinarily means money (or investments) set aside and invested, the surplus income therefrom being capitalised. I do not put this forward as a definition, but rather as a general description. The issue of what constitutes a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund was discussed by the Full Bench of the High Court in Mahony v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) (1967) 41 ALJR 232; (1967) 14 ATD 519 ( Mahony ). In that case, Justice Kitto held that a fund had to exclusively be a 'provident, benefit or superannuation fund' and that 'connoted a purpose narrower than the purpose of conferring benefits in a completely general sense…". This narrower purpose meant that the benefits had to be 'characterised by some specific future purpose' such as the example given by Justice Kitto of a funeral benefit. Furthermore, Justice Kitto's judgement indicated that a fund does not satisfy any of the three provisions, that is, 'provident, benefit or superannuation fund', if there exist provisions for the payment of benefits 'for any other reason whatsoever'. In other words, though a fund may contain provisions for retirement purposes, it could not be accepted as a superannuation fund if it contained provisions that benefits could be paid in circumstances other than those relating to retirement. In section 62 of the SIS Act, a regulated superannuation fund must be 'maintained solely' for the 'core purposes' of providing benefits to a member when the events occur: · on or after retirement from gainful employment; or · attaining a prescribed age; and · on the member's death. (this may require the benefits being passed on to a member's dependants or legal representative). Notwithstanding the SIS Act applies only to 'regulated superannuation funds' (as defined in section 19 of the SIS Act), and foreign superannuation funds do not qualify as regulated superannuation funds as they are established and operate outside Australia, the Commissioner views the SIS Act (and the SIS Regulations) as providing guidance as to what 'benefit' or 'specific future purpose' a superannuation fund should provide. In view of the legislation and the decisions made in Scott and Mahony , the Commissioner's view is that for a fund to be classified as a superannuation fund, it must exclusively provide a narrow range of benefits that are characterised by some specific future purpose. That is, the payment of superannuation benefits upon retirement, invalidity or death of the individual or as specified under the SIS Act. Therefore, in order for the lump sum payment from the overseas fund to be considered a payment from a foreign superannuation fund as defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997, it must also satisfy the requirements set out in subsection 295-95(2) of the ITAA 1997. This means that it should not be an Australian superannuation fund as defined in that subsection but must be a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund as discussed above. In the present case it is evident that Fund A, a pension scheme established overseas, meets the definition of superannuation fund. In addition, it is clear the payer of the lump sum payment is established outside of Australia with its central management and control outside of Australia. Hence, on the basis of the information provided, the Commissioner considers that a lump sum paid from Fund A would satisfy the definition of a foreign superannuation fund as defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997. | Detailed Reasoning - Applicable fund earnings: You became a resident of Australia a while ago and have requested that a particular date be considered as the lump sum payment receipt date, as an actual transfer of funds from Fund A has not yet occurred. As the transfer from Fund A will be more than six months after you became an Australian resident, section 305-70 applies to include the 'applicable fund earnings' in your assessable income. The 'applicable fund earnings' are worked out under section 305-75. As mentioned earlier, subsection 305-75(3) applies where the person becomes an Australian resident after the start of the period to which the lump sum relates. Subsection 305-75(3) of the ITAA 1997 states: If you become an Australian resident after the start of the period to which the lump sum relates, the amount of your applicable fund earnings is the amount (not less than zero) worked out as follows: · work out the total of the following amounts: The amount in the fund that was vested in you just before the day (the start day ) you first became an Australian resident during the period; · the part of the payment that is attributable to contributions to the fund made by or in respect of you during the remainder of the period; · the part of the payment (if any) that is attributable to amounts transferred into the fund from any other *foreign superannuation fund during the period; · subtract that total amount from the amount in the fund that was vested in you when the lump sum was paid (before any deduction for *foreign tax); · multiply the resulting amount by the proportion of the total days during the period when you were an Australian resident; · add the total of all previously exempt fund earnings (if any) covered by subsections (5) and (6). In short, you are assessed only on the income earned (the accretion) in respect of the foreign pension fund less any contributions you made since you became a resident of Australia. Further, any amounts representative of earnings during periods of non-residency, and transfers into the paying fund do not form part of the taxable amount when the overseas benefit is paid. | Detailed Reasoning - Foreign currency conversion: Subsection 960-50(1) of the ITAA 1997 states that an amount in a foreign currency is to be translated into Australian dollars (A$). The applicable fund earnings is the result of a calculation from two other amounts and subsection 960-50(4) states that when applying section 960-50 to amounts that are elements in the calculation of another amount you need to: (a) first, translate any amounts that are elements in the calculation of other amounts (except special accrual amounts); and (b) then, calculate the other amounts. The table in subsection 960-50(6) of the ITAA 1997 sets out the translation rules. Only the following items are relevant to determining the issue in your case: · item 11 which deals with a receipt or payment to which none of the other items apply, and · item 11A which applies to amounts that are neither receipts nor payments and to which none of the other items apply. · Item 11 of the table in subsection 960-50(6) of the ITAA 1997 applies to a receipt or payment where none of the other items applies. The payment you will finally receive is not included in any of the other items in the table so it will fall within item 11. Under this item, the payment is translated into Australian dollars at the exchange rate applicable at the time of receipt. When the amount in the foreign fund that was vested in you just before you became a resident of Australia (subparagraph 305-75(3)(a)(i) of the ITAA 1997) is determined, there is no actual receipt or payment of an amount. All that occurs is a determination of the vested amount expressed in the foreign currency. Regulation 960-50.01 of the Income Tax Assessment Regulations 1997 (ITAR) modifies the table in subsection 960-50(6) of the ITAA 1997 to include item 11A that applies to amounts other than receipts and payments, and for which none of the other items apply. Consequently the vested amount is translated into Australian dollars at an exchange rate that is reasonable having regard to the circumstances. Therefore, for the purposes of section 305-70 of the ITAA 1997, the 'applicable fund earnings' should be calculated by translating the amount received from the foreign fund at the exchange rate applicable on the day of receipt to Australian dollars and deducting from this amount the Australian dollar equivalent of the amount vested in the fund at the exchange rate applicable just before the day you first became an Australian resident. | Detailed Reasoning - Amounts to be used in calculation: The value of the benefit in Fund A (the day before you became an Australian resident), converted into Australian dollars at the exchange rate that applied on that day is AU $X. From the facts provided, no contributions have been made to Fund A since you became an Australian resident. There have also been no transfers into the pension fund from other foreign pension schemes since you became a resident of Australia. As you have not as yet received a lump sum payment from Fund A, the calculation below is therefore an example of how any applicable fund earnings would be calculated had a lump sum payment from Fund A been made to you on the requested date. You will need to recalculate any assessable amount by substituting the actual payment received from Fund A and converting to Australian dollars using the relevant exchange rate on the day the payment is made. Using the date requested, your benefit in Fund A was paid to you in the form of a one-off lump sum, which was transferred directly into Fund B, a complying Australian superannuation fund. Therefore, this is the amount vested in you when the lump sum was paid. This is converted to Australian dollars at the exchange rate that applied on that day, which for the purposes of this calculation is, AU $Y. 'The period' for the purposes of paragraph 305-75(3)(c) of the ITAA 1997 commences on the day on which the person first became an Australian resident and ceases on the day the lump sum is paid. In your case, that period is from the date you became an Australian resident to the date the payment was made and you were a resident for the whole of that period. Therefore, the Australian resident days and the total days are the same, and so the proportion to be used in the calculation is 1. There are no previously exempt fund earnings in relation to the lump sum. Applying subsection 305-75(3) of the ITAA 1997 to your circumstances, the amounts to be used in calculating the applicable fund earnings are as follows: 305-75(3)(a)(i) $X 305-75(3)(a)(ii) Nil 305-75(3)(a)(iii) Nil 305-75(3)(b) $Y 305-75(3)(c) 1 305-75(3)(d) Nil | Detailed Reasoning - Calculation of the assessable amount of the payment from UK Pension Fund: In accordance with subsection 305-75 (3) of the ITAA 1997 the amounts determined at sub-paragraphs 305-75(3)(a)(i), (ii) and (iii) are added: $X + nil + nil = $X This total is then subtracted from the amount determined under paragraph 305-75(3)(b): $Y less $X = $Z This figure is multiplied by the proportion of the total days determined under paragraph 305-75(3)(c): $Z x 1 = $Z To this figure we add any amounts determined under paragraph 305-75(3)(d): $Z + nil = $Z Therefore, $Z is the amount of assessable 'applicable fund earnings' in your income tax return for the 2012-13 income year. | Detailed Reasoning - Election: As you are transferring your overseas superannuation directly to Fund B, you are not entitled to elect under subsection 305-80(2) of the ITAA 1997 to have all or part of the payment treated as assessable income of the Australian superannuation fund. Fund B is a constitutionally protected fund and as such, does not bring to account assessable income. As a result any applicable fund earnings calculated must be included in your assessable income (in the relevant year) and subject to tax at your marginal rate. Conclusion The part of the lump sum payment from, which was transferred to your Australian superannuation fund, that is assessable as the 'applicable fund earnings' relating to the payment is $Z, if the lump sum payment was made on the date requested. The facts provided indicate you have not received a lump sum payment from Fund A. You will need to recalculate the assessable amount of the lump sum payment using the formula provided in the Detailed Reasoning of the private ruling when you actually receive payment from Fund A. Any assessable amount that is calculated should be included in your income tax return in the income year in which the payment is received.

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