Private ruling: Income tax exemption
Date of advice: 25 October 2018
Published: December 2018
Ruling period: 1 November 20XX to 31 October 20XX | 1 November 20XX to 31 October 20XX | 1 November 20XX to 31 October 20XX | 1 November 20XX to 31 October 20XX | 1 November 20XX to 31 October 20XX
Date scheme commenced: 1 November 20XX

Ruling: Q1: Is the income for the years ending 31 October 20XX to 31 October 20XX exempt from income tax pursuant to section 50-15 Item 3.2 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)? | A1: Yes

Relevant facts and circumstances: The Entity was incorporated under Australian legislation. The Entity has a range of objectives including those traditionally associated with the term trade union. It is actively engaged in protecting and furthering the interests of its members, who are employees in the relevant industry. The Entity is governed by its Constitution which includes the following provisions: ● Objects/purposes ● Non-profit status ● Powers and duties of directors/officers ● Audit and accounts ● Winding up The Entity is located in Australia. The Entity incurs expenditure and pursues its objectives principally in Australia.

Relevant legislative provisions: Section 50-1 of the ITAA 1997 | Section 50-15 of the ITAA 1997

Reasons for decision: Summary: An entity must satisfy a number of requirements and special conditions in order for its ordinary and statutory income to be exempt from income tax under Division 50 of the ITAA 1997. Section 50-1 of the ITAA 1997 states: The total ordinary income and statutory income of the entities covered by the following tables is exempt from income tax. In some cases, the exemption is subject to special conditions. The tables referred to in section 50-1 of the ITAA 1997 are contained in sections 50-5 to 50-45. A trade union is listed at item 3.2 in the table in section 50-15. The trade union must meet the special conditions detailed in item 3.2. An entity is therefore exempt from income tax as a trade union if: ● it is a trade union; and ● it satisfies the special conditions. | Detailed Reasoning - Trade union: The term trade union is not defined for the purposes of the ITAA 1997. To establish whether an organisation is a trade union, it is necessary to adopt the ordinary meaning of the term which has been adopted by the Courts. In the Victorian Employers' Federation v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1957) 96 CLR 390, Kitto J stated: The Act contains no definition of “trade union“. The expression is defined in the Oxford Dictionary as meaning “an association of the workers in any trade or in allied trades for the protection and furtherance of their interests in regard to wages, hours, and conditions of labour, and for the provision, from their common funds, of pecuniary assistance to the members during strikes, sickness, unemployment, old age, etc.” In Norseman Amalgamated Distress and Injustices Fund v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1995) 56 FCR 512; 95 ATC 4227; (1995) 30 ATR 356, Justice Lee ruled that the first part of the Oxford English Dictionary meaning was predominant in that an association of employees may well administer a fund for the mutual aid and protection of its members in their time of need, but that association would not qualify as a 'trade union' unless: …the association of employees in question has been formed to deal with the employers of the members and for the protection and furtherance of the interests of members in respect of the conditions of their employment. Section 3 of the Trade Unions Act 1958 (VIC) defines the term trade union to mean: …any combination whether temporary or permanent for regulating the relations between workmen and employers or between workmen and workmen or between employers and employers or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business whether such combination would or would not if this Act or any corresponding previous enactment had not been passed have been deemed to have been an unlawful combination by reason of some one or more of its purposes being in restraint of trade. … In Taxation Ruling TR 97/22, the Commissioner has indicated that one of the tests for eligibility of an entity for income tax exemption under a particular provision is that its main purpose must relate to the subject of the exemption provision. Where an entity conducts ancillary or incidental activities this would not of itself change what is regarded as the entity's main purpose. In that regard, Lockhart J in Cronulla Sutherland Leagues Club Limited v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1990) 23 FCR 82; 90 ATC 4215; (1990) 21 ATR 300 said: It may have other objects or purposes which are merely incidental or ancillary thereto or which are secondary and even unrelated to the main object or purpose without disqualifying the body from the exemption. However, if an entity is equally involved in other purposes, then that entity would not be eligible for exemption. As Lockhart J said: But if it has two co-ordinate objects, one of which is outside the exemption, the exemption cannot apply because it would be impossible to say that one object is the main or predominant object. Taxation Ruling TR 97/22 also indicates the Commissioner's view that it is appropriate to take into account the activities of an organisation to support a conclusion that the organisation's main purpose is relevant to the subject of the exemption provision. It is accepted that the members of the Entity are employees of the employer. The Entity is engaged in representing their members’ conditions and terms of employment, which further supports their status as employees. In the Trade Unions Act 1958 , the term trade union is defined as ‘any combination whether temporary or permanent for regulating the relations between workmen and employers or between workmen and workman or between employer and employers or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business … ‘ The Entity has been established primarily for the protection of its members and the terms and conditions of their employment with their employer. The Entity is the collective voice of their members in determining their interests as employees. The Entity actively implements its aims by negotiating collective bargaining agreements with its members’ employer. It is considered that these activities confirm that the Entity is a trade union as that term is ordinarily understood. | Detailed Reasoning - Special conditions: The special conditions listed at item 3.2 of section 50-15 of the ITAA 1997 states that a trade union: (a) is located in Australia, and incurs its expenditure and pursues its objectives principally in Australia; and (b) complies with all the substantive requirements in its governing rules; and (c) applies its income and assets solely for the purpose for which the trade union is established. Taxation Ruling TR 2015/1 Income tax: special conditions for various entities whose ordinary and statutory income is exempt considers whether certain entities, including those listed at item 3.2 of section 50-15 of the ITAA 1997, satisfy special conditions (b) and (c). TR 2015/1 explains at paragraph 106 that in most instances an entity’s governing rules are set out in writing. Paragraph 124 of TR 2015/1 provides some examples of the substantive requirements which include: ● Objects/purposes ● Non-profit status ● Powers and duties of directors/officers ● Audit and accounts ● Winding up | Detailed Reasoning - (a) is located in Australia, and incurs its expenditure and pursues its objectives principally in Australia: The operations of the Entity are now and will be for the foreseeable future undertaken principally in Australia. It is accepted that special condition (a) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - (b) complies with all the substantive requirements in its governing rules: In the Entity’s case, the governing rules can be located in its Constitution. The Entity’s Constitution contains the required clauses as outlined in paragraph 124 of TR 2015/1. In the absence of evidence to the contrary it is accepted that the Entity complies with these requirements. It is accepted that special condition (b) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - (c) applies its income and assets solely for the purpose for which the trade union is established.: The Entity’s role is to represent their members in negotiations with the member’s employer and to act as the agent of employees in relation to industrial disputes or industrial situations. The Entity is a ‘not for profit’ organisation pursuant to its governing rules which states in part: ● the Entity must not make any distribution to Members, whether by way of dividend, surplus on winding up or otherwise, and ● if the Entity is wound up or dissolved, the assets and property available for distribution after satisfaction of all debts and liabilities are to be given or transferred to some other institution or institutions having objects similar to the purposes of the Entity. Accordingly, the Entity’s activities adhere to this non-profit clause. That is, its role is to represent the members in negotiations with their employer and to act as the agent of employees in relation to industrial disputes or industrial situations. It is considered that the Entity is applying its income and assets solely for the purpose for which it was established. Special condition (c) is therefore satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: The income of the Entity is exempt from income tax pursuant to section 50-1 of the ITAA 1997, as the income of a trade union, which satisfies the special conditions set out in item 3.2 of the table in section 50-15 of the ITAA 1997.