Private ruling: Small business 15-year exemption
Date of advice: 25 June 2024
Published: 12 August 2024
Ruling period: Year ended 30 June 2023
Date scheme commenced: XX February XXXX

Ruling: Q1: Will each Taxpayer satisfy subparagraph 152-105(d)(i) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 with respect to their 50% interest in the Partnership in relation to the sale of the XXXX? | A1: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: Taxpayer 1 is a XXXX and commenced a XXXX, trading as a sole trader, in February XXXX. Taxpayer 2 is a XXXX and purchased a 50% share of the XXXX on XXXX. Following the purchase of the 50% share, Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2 operated the XXXX business through a partnership (Partnership). Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2 each have a 50% interest in the Partnership. The CGT assets of the Partnership were sold on X November XXXX (the CGT event) to an unrelated third party. The disposal of the XXXX resulted in a capital gain. The Partnership operated its XXXX business in the income year ended 30 June 2022 and the aggregated turnover of the Partnership was less than $2,000,000. Taxpayer 1 Taxpayer was over the age of 55 at the time of the CGT event. Prior to the sale of the XXXX, Taxpayer 1 had been working full-time hours as a XXXX and oversaw the day-to-day management of the XXXX business with Taxpayer 2. Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2 made all business decisions together. As part of the sale agreement, Taxpayer 1 agreed to work 3 days per week at the XXXX business as a contractor from XXXX to XXXX. During this time, Taxpayer 1 did not oversee the day-to-day operations nor was in charge of making executive decisions in relation to XXX business. From XXXX, at the new owner's request, Taxpayer 1 negotiated to work a maximum of 5 days per month (less than 10 hours per week) for 1 year with the intention of stopping work completely thereafter. As well, Taxpayer 1's home duties have expanded due to the birth of two grandchildren, of whom one is a single parent. Taxpayer 2 Taxpayer 2 was over the age of 55 at the time of the CGT event. Prior to the CGT event, Taxpayer 2 had been working 3 days per week at the XXXX business, as well as undertaking the day-to-day management and making all the business decisions with Taxpayer 1. Taxpayer 2 was not required to continue working at the XXXX business as part of the sale agreement, and has not worked at or been involved with managing the XXXX since the CGT event occurred. Taxpayer 2 purchased a separate XXXX in July XXXX with the intention of facilitating a transition for the child (who is also a XXXX) to acquire the business. The transfer of XXXX to Taxpayer 2's child was delayed due to the child falling pregnant in XXXX, with the child being born in XXXX. The intention remains that once Taxpayer 2's child returns to work full time the XXXX business will be transferred to her. Taxpayer 2's working hours have reduced significantly since the CGT event, as she has not worked more than 10 hours per week (over a maximum of 2.5 days per week). As well, Taxpayer 2's home duties have also expanded due to the birth of two grandchildren, of whom one is a single parent

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 102-20 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 104-10 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 152-10 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 152-15 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 152-35 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 152-105 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 328-110 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 995-1 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subdivision 328-C

Reasons for decision: Summary: All references are to the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 unless otherwise stated . | Detailed Reasoning - Small business 15-year retirement exemption for individuals: Subdivision 152-B outlines the small business 15-year exemption. Under this subdivision, a CGT small business entity can choose to disregard a capital gain arising from a CGT asset that it has owned for at least 15 years if certain conditions are met. Section 152-105 provides that an individual can disregard any gain arising from a CGT event if all of the following conditions are satisfied: a. the basic conditions in Subdivision 152-A are satisfied; b. you continuously owned the CGT asset for the 15-year period ending just before the CGT event; c. if the CGT asset is a share in a company or an interest in a trust - the company or trust had a significant individual for a total of at least 15 years (even if the 15 years was not continuous and it was not always the same significant individual) during which you owned the CGT asset; d. either: i. you are 55 or over at the time of the CGT event and the event happens in connection with your retirement; or ii. you are permanently incapacitated at the time of the CGT event. | Detailed Reasoning - Basic conditions for relief: The basic conditions for relief under the CGT small business concessions are outlined in subdivision 152-A. Subsection 152-10(1) provides that a capital gain you make may be reduced or disregarded if the following basic conditions are satisfied: a. CGT event happens in relation to a CGT asset of yours in an income year; b. the event would have resulted in a gain; c. at least one of the following applies: i. you are a CGT small business entity for the income year; ii. you satisfy the maximum net asset value test as specified in section 152-15; iii. you are a partner in a partnership that is a small business entity for the income year and the CGT asset is an asset of the partnership; iv. you do not carry on a business, but your CGT asset is used in a business carried on by a small business entity that is your affiliate, or any entity connected with you; d. the CGT asset satisfies the active asset test pursuant to section 152-35. | Detailed Reasoning - CGT event giving rise to a capital gain: Section 102-20 provides that a capital gain or loss is made if a CGT event happens to a CGT asset. A CGT asset is defined in section 108-5 to mean: a. Any kind of property; b. a legal or equitable right that is not property. Relevantly, under subsection 104-10(2), CGT event A1 happens if you dispose of a CGT asset. Under subsection 104-10(2), you dispose of a CGT asset when a change of ownership occurs from you to another entity. However, subsection 104-10(2) stipulates that a change of ownership does not occur if you cease being the legal owner of an asset but continue to be its beneficial owner. Subsection 104-10(4) specifies the effect of CGT event A1 happening is that you make a capital gain if the capital proceeds from the disposal are more than the asset's cost base, or a capital loss if those capital proceeds are less than the asset's reduced cost base. As per subsection 104-10(3), the time of the event is when you enter into the contract for the disposal, or, if there is no contract, when the change occurs. | Detailed Reasoning - CGT small business entity: Pursuant to subsection 152-10(1AA), you are a 'CGT small business entity' for an income year if: a. you are a small business entity for the income year; and b. you would be a small business entity for the income year if each reference in section 328-110 to $10 million were a reference to $2 million. Section 995-1 defines that a small business entity has the meaning given in Subdivision 328-C - subject to the winding up exception under subsection 328-110(5), the entity must: a. be carrying on a business; and b. satisfy any 1 of 3 tests based on turnover, being: i. the entity carried on a business in the income year (the previous year) before the current year and the entity's aggregate turnover for the previous year was less than $10 million [1] ; ii. the entity's aggregated turnover for the current year is likely to be less than $10 million provided the turnover when the business was carried on in both the 2 previous years was not $10 million or more [2] ; or iii. the aggregated turnover for the entity for the current year (worked out as at the end of that year) is less than $10 million. [3] Pursuant to subsection 328-110(5) an entity is a small business entity if: a. the entity is winding up a business it formerly carried on; and b. it was a small business entity in the income year that it stopped carrying on the business. Relevantly, Taxation Determination TD 2022/7 Income tax: aggregated turnover - application of the 'connected with' concept to partnerships, foreign hybrids and non-entity joint ventures , explains that Subdivision 328-C of the ITAA 1997 applies to a 'partnership' as though it were an entity separate to its partners in the following manner: | Detailed Reasoning - Active asset test: Under subsection 152-35(1), a CGT asset will satisfy the active asset test if: a. you have owned the asset for 15 years or less and the asset was an active asset of yours for a total of at least half of the test period, or b. you have owned the asset for more than 15 years and the asset was an active asset of yours for a total of at least 7.5 years during the test period. Under subsection 152-35(2) the period: a. begins when you acquired the asset; and b. ends at the earlier of: i) the CGT event; and ii) if the relevant business ceased to be carried on in the 12 months before that time or any longer period that the Commissioner allows - the cessation of the business. Subsection 152-40(1) provides that a CGT asset is an active asset at a time if, at that time you own the asset and it is used, or held ready for use, in the course of carrying on a business that is carried on by you, or your affiliate, or another entity that is connected with you. | Detailed Reasoning - Connected with: Under subsection 328-125(1) of the ITAA 1997, an entity is connected with another entity if: a. either entity controls the other entity, or b. both entities are controlled by the same third entity in a manner described in the section. Control may be direct or indirect. Relevantly, an entity will control another entity where the first entity or its affiliates, or the first entity and its affiliates between them, beneficially own, or have the right to acquire the beneficial ownership of, interests in the other entity that between them give the right to receive at least 40% of any distribution of either, paragraph 328-125(2)(a) of the ITAA 1997: (a) income; (b) the net income of the partnership (if the other entity is a partnership); or (c) capital. | Detailed Reasoning - Continuously owned the CGT asset: In Taxation Determination TD 94/89 Income tax: capital gains: in what year of income is a taxpayer required for tax purposes to include a capital gain or loss in relation to land disposed of under a contract which is made in one year of income, but which is settled in a later year of income? (TD 94/89) the Commissioner explains that, generally for CGT purposes, ownership in relation to the disposal of property is determined with reference to settlement. Paragraph 3 of TD 94/89 states: However, a taxpayer is not required to include any capital gain or loss in the appropriate year until an actual change of ownership occurs. Settlement effects a change of ownership and a disposal (subsection 160M(1)) which then triggers the operation of subsection 160U(3). When settlement occurs, the taxpayer is then required to include any capital gain or loss in the year of income in which the contract was made (subsection 160U(3)). If an assessment has already been made for that year of income, the taxpayer may need to have that assessment amended. However, whether an entity has continuously owned the CGT asset for the 15-year period set out in paragraph 152-105(1)(b), it is determined with reference to when the CGT asset commences to be owned by the entity to just before the CGT event (in the case of CGT event A1, the date of the contract for the sale of the CGT asset), | Detailed Reasoning - In connection with retirement: The provisions relating to the small business 15-year exemption do not provide a definition on the meaning of the phrase 'in connection with their retirement'. Furthermore, the legislation does not give any indication of the degree of retirement for the purposes of the concession. A consideration of the particular facts of each case is required in determining whether a CGT event happens in connection with an individual's retirement. The Explanatory Memorandum to the New Business Tax System (Capital Gains Tax) Bill 1999 provides the following description around the requirement to be retired or permanently incapacitated as one of the conditions for the concession: 1.68 One of the requirements of this concession for an individual small business taxpayer is that they must be either permanently incapacitated at the time of the CGT event, or at least 55 years old and using the capital proceeds for their retirement. The term 'retirement' is not defined in the legislation. Therefore, the word takes its ordinary meaning. The Macquarie Dictionary defines 'retirement' as ' removal or retiring from service, office, or business, especially in reaching the end of one's working life'. In relation to the words 'in connection with', the question of what kind of relationship will be sufficient to establish the connection as contemplated by the legislation will be one of fact and degree. In Collector of Customs v Pozzolanic Enterprises Pty Ltd (1993) 43 FCR 280 (Pozzolanic), the court observed that: The words 'connected with' are capable of describing a spectrum of relationships ranging from the direct and immediate to the tenuous and remote. As Sheppard and Burchett JJ observed in Australian National Railways Commission v Collector of Customs (SA ) [(1985) 69 ALR 367 at 377-378; 8 FCR 264, at 265] the meaning of the word 'connection' is wide and imprecise, one of its common meanings being 'relation between things one of which is bound up with, or involved in, another': Shorter Oxford English Dictionary . In Claremont Petroleum NL v Cummings (1992) 110 ALR 239 ( Claremont ), the court, in considering whether payments made were in connection with the retirement of certain individuals, made the following observations regarding the phrase 'in connection with': The phrase "in connection with" is one of wide import, as I had occasion to observe in a different context in Our Town FM Pty Ltd v Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (1987) 16 FCR 465 at p479-80; 77 ALR 577 at pages 591-2: The words 'in connexion with'...do not necessarily require a causal relationship between the two things: see Commissioner for Superannuation v Miller (1985)8 FCR 153 at 154, 160, 163; 63 ALR 237at 238, 244, 247. They may be used to describe a relationship with a contemplated future event: see Koppen v Commissioner for Community Relations (1986) 11 FCR 360 at 364, Johnson v Johnson [1952] P 47 at 50-1. In the latter case the United Kingdom Court of Appeal applied a decision of the British Columbia Court of Appeal, Re Nanaimo Community Hotel Ltd [1945] 3 DLR 225, in which the question was whether a particular court, which was given 'jurisdiction to hear and determine all questions that may arise in connection with any assessment made under this Act', had jurisdiction to deal with a matter which preceded the issue of an assessment. The trial judge held that it did, that the phrase 'in connection with' covered matters leading up to, or which might lead up to an assessment. He said...: 'One of the very generally accepted meanings of "connection" is "relation between things one of which is bound up with or involved in another"; or, again "having to do with". The words include matters occurring prior to as well as subsequent to or consequent upon so long as they are related to the principal thing. The phrase "having to do with" perhaps gives as good a suggestion of the meaning as could be had.' Having regard to the context of subparagraph 152-105(d)(i) of the ITAA 1997, the Commissioner considers that it would be reasonable to adopt the meaning given to the phrase 'in connection with' in Claremont such that it is not necessary for there to be a permanent and everlasting retirement from the workforce. However, there would need to be at least a significant reduction in the number of hours worked or a significant change in the nature of the activities to be regarded as a retirement for the purposes of paragraph 152-105(d)(i). | Detailed Reasoning - Applications to these circumstances: The basic conditions for relief in Subdivision 152-A are satisfied as discussed below. The XXXX is a CGT asset for the purposes of section 108-5. The sale of the XXXX resulted in a capital gain for the purpose of CGT event A1. The conditions in paragraphs 152-10(1)(a) and 152-10(1)(b) are satisfied. As the Partnership operated its XXXX business for the year ended 30 June XXXX and the aggregated turnover was less than $2,000,000 for that income year, the requirements of a CGT small business entity, for the purposes of sections 152-10(1AA) and section 328-110, are satisfied. Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2 are partners in the Partnership that was a CGT small business entity for the income year and the CGT asset, and each have a 50% interest in the CGT assets of the Partnership, satisfying paragraph 152-10(1)(c)(iii). The XXXX satisfies the active asset test as it was used by the Partnership in carrying on its XXXX business for the period specified in subsection 152-35(2) of the ITAA 1997 (i.e. from XXXX to XXXX). The condition in paragraph 152-10(d) is satisfied. The Partnership is connected with both Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2. Relevantly, they both control the Partnership as each holds an interest in the Partnership that gives each the right to receive 50% of any distribution of the net income of the Partnership for the purposes of paragraph 328-125(2)(a) of the ITAA 1997. Having regard to the activities and the purpose of profit, the Partnership is considered to be carrying on a business for the purposes of section 328-110 of the ITAA 1997 (refer to the discussion above). Regarding the connection with retirement, for the purposes of subparagraph 152-105(d)(i), both Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2 have had a significant reduction in the number of hours they have worked since the sale of the XXXX, as they both transition in their retirement plan to permanently cease working. Therefore, it is accepted that the sale of the XXXX happened in connection with the retirement of Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2. The conditions for relief in Subdivision 152-B have been satisfied as the basic conditions in Subdivision 152-A are satisfied; both Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2 had continuously owned their interest in the CGT asset for the 15-year period ending just before the CGT event; both Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2 were over the age of 55 at the time of the CGT event; and the event was in connection with their retirement. As such, the Commissioner is satisfied that in these circumstances the sale of the XXXX by Taxpayer 1 and Taxpayer 2 is in connection with their retirement for the purposes of subparagraph 152-105(d)(i). [1] Subparagraph 328-110(1)(b)(i). [2] Subparagraph 328-110(b)(ii) and subsection 328-110(3). [3] Subsection 328-110(4).

A partner is capable of directly controlling a partnership based on the tests in subparagraphs 328-125(2)(a)(i) or (iii) (the 'general control tests') or the specific test for determining whether an entity directly controls a partnership under subparagraph 328-125(2)(a)(ii) (the 'partnership control test'). | When determining whether a partnership directly controls another entity under section 328-125, the partnership is the relevant entity, rather than the individual partners in their capacity as partners. | Where an entity is directly controlled by a partnership within the meaning of section 328-125, that entity will also need to consider whether it is indirectly controlled by any other entities that control the partnership, including the individual partners in their capacity as partners of the partnership. | Where a partner directly controls a partnership, that partner will also need to consider whether they indirectly control any other entities that are controlled by the partnership. | As only an individual or a company can be an affiliate within the meaning of section 328-130, a partnership is not capable of being an affiliate of another entity.