Private ruling: Residency of Australia
Date of advice: 23 July 2025
Published: 22 September 2025
Ruling period: Year ending 30 June 20XX
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 20XX

Ruling: Q1: Are you a resident of Australia for tax purposes from when you departed Australia? | A1: No. | Q2: Will your employment income be taxed in Australia while you are a foreign resident for tax purposes? | A2: No. | Q3: Are you required to pay tax in Australia on your rental income? | A3: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: You were born and raised in Country Z. You are a citizen of Country Z and Australia. You lived in Australia for several years prior to returning to Country Z. Your spouse worked for an accounting firm in Australia. The Australian accounting firm opened a branch in Country Z and your spouse was tasked with establishing it. You and your spouse along with your child relocated to Country Z. Your spouse has a full-time indefinite contract in Country Z. You will be in Country Z for several years. You rented out your family home in Australia which you own in equal shares with your spouse. You sold your car and some belongings in Australia. You and your spouse stayed with family in Country Z for the first few months before moving into a rental property. You had a child who was born in Country Z. You have recently obtained work. You work remotely in Country Z for your Australian employer. You and your spouse have opened bank accounts in Country Z. Your spouse has purchased a vehicle in Country Z. Your child attends school in Country Z. You plan on visiting Australia, possibly once a year, for the purpose of holidaying and checking on your rental property. Each visit will be for less than a week and you will stay in hotel style accommodation. You returned to Australia for a few days. You will not be in Australia for more than 183 days in any of the relevant income years. You have some social connections in Australia. All of your family and many friends are in Country Z, and you attend social gatherings in Country Z. You have maintained bank accounts and your share portfolio in Australia. Your share portfolio in Australia was worth a certain amount prior to your departure. You are a resident of Country Z for Country Z tax purposes. You and your spouse are not eligible to contribute to the PSS or the CSS superannuation funds.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 section 6-5 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 995-1 | International Tax Agreements Act 1953

Reasons for decision: Summary: For tax purposes, you are a resident of Australia if you meet at least one of the following tests. You are not a resident of Australia if you do not meet any of the tests. • The resides test (otherwise known as the ordinary concepts test) • The domicile test • The 183 day test • The Commonwealth superannuation fund test We have considered your circumstances, and conclude that you are not a resident of Australia for tax purposes from when you departed Australia as follows: • You are not a resident of Australia according to the resides test. • You do not meet the domicile test. Although your domicile is in Australia, the Commissioner is satisfied that your permanent place of abode is outside Australia. • You do not meet the 183 day test. Although you were in Australia for more than 183 days during a prior income year, after you left Australia to live in Country Z on a long term basis, your usual abode is now outside Australia and you didn't have an intention to take up residence in Australia at that time. You do not intend on being in Australia for more than 183 days in any of the relevant income years. • You do not fulfil the requirements of the Commonwealth superannuation fund test. In summary, you are not a resident of Australia for tax purposes from when you left Australia. For more information about residency, see Taxation Ruling TR 2023/1 Income tax: residency tests for individuals . | Detailed Reasoning - Employment income from working in Country Z: Subsection 6-5(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) provides (among other things) that a foreign resident taxpayer's assessable income includes the ordinary income derived from Australian sources. Salary and wages falls under the ordinary concept of income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. Generally, the source of salary and wages is where the service is performed ( Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. French (1957) 98 CLR 398; (1957) 11 ATD 288; (1957) 7 AITR 76, and FC of T v. Efstathakis 79 ATC 4256; (1979) 9 ATR 867). Consequently, your employment income from working in Country Z is sourced in Country Z, rather than Australia. Therefore, this income is not included in your assessable income in Australia under subsection 6-5(3) of the ITAA 1997 while you are a foreign resident for tax purposes. | Detailed Reasoning - Income from rental property in Australia: The income from your rental property in Australia is sourced in Australia and is therefore included in your assessable income under subsection 6-5(3) of the ITAA 1997. However, in determining your liability to pay tax in Australia it is also necessary to consider any applicable double tax agreements. Sections 4 and 5 of the International Tax Agreements Act 1953 (Agreements Act) incorporate that Act with the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936) and the ITAA 1997 and provide that the provisions of a double tax agreement have the force of law. In the event of inconsistent provisions, the Agreements Act overrides the ITAA 1936 and ITAA 1997. The agreement between Australia and Country Z (Country Z Agreement) operates to avoid the double taxation of income received by residents of Australia and Country Z. Article 13 of the Country Z Agreement considers alienation of property and states: 1. Income, profits or gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of real property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. Applying this article to your circumstances, Australia is permitted to tax the rental income from your property in Australia. The application of Article 13 of the Country Z Agreement is consistent with the application of subsection 6-5(3) of the ITAA 1997 to your Australian rental income. Therefore, you are required to declare your Australian rental income in your Australian tax return. While you are a foreign resident for tax purposes you will be taxed in Australia at the foreign resident tax rates.