Private ruling: Income - other - solar power - electricity generation
Published: July 2012
Ruling period: 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012. | 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013. | 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014. | 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. | 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016. | 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2011.

Ruling: Q1: Are credits/payments received from your electricity retailer for the generation of electricity from a photovoltaic solar system assessable income under section 6-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)? | A1: No. | Q2: Are the costs associated with the solar system, such as depreciation and maintenance, deductible under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 or other relevant provisions of the ITAA 1997? | A2: No.

Relevant facts and circumstances: This ruling is based on the facts stated in the description of the scheme that is set out below. If your circumstances are materially different from these facts, this ruling has no effect and you cannot rely on it. The fact sheet has more information about relying on your private ruling. You acquired and installed a photovoltaic system (solar system), on the roof of your private residence. The State Government provides for a net feed-in tariff solar scheme (the scheme). Under the scheme, owners of eligible renewable energy systems are paid per kilowatt hour for energy exported to the grid that is in excess of the household consumption at the time of generation as recorded by the meter. Any credit that you receive is applied to your electricity account and used as needed. Your solar system has been connected to the grid. You installed a system that you believed would generate enough electricity to offset the cost of your electricity consumption. Your electricity retailer will calculate any credits at each billing cycle and carry them forward. You may request that excess credits be paid to you if there are sufficient credits to do so. The solar system was purchased in your name only and the electricity account is also held by you. The solar system you purchased is an eligible small generation unit (SGU) for the purposes of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000 (REE Act). The REE Act supports the Federal Government's Renewable Energy Target (RET) scheme which was established to encourage additional electricity generation from renewable energy sources. Upon ownership and installation of a SGU a statutory right arises under the REE Act entitling you to create Small-scale Technology Certificates (STCs), previously known as Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). As provided for under the RET scheme, you entered into an agreement with the installer of the solar system, who is an agent for the purposes of the REE Act, and assigned your right to create STCs to the installer in return for a financial benefit. The financial benefit is effectively the reduction in the amount you paid for the purchase and installation of the solar system. The reduction reflects the value of the right to create STCs that you assigned to the installer.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 6-5. | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 6-5(1). | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 6-5(2). | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 6-5(4). | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 6-10. | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 8-1. Summary | Based on the configuration of the system you installed, the arrangement with your energy supplier/retailer and your feed-in tariff payments, the arrangement is private or domestic in nature. That being so: | · the credits/payments you will receive for the generation of electricity from the solar system are not assessable income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997, and as a result | · the costs you incurred in relation to the generation of electricity from the solar system such as decline in value or maintenance are not deductible under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 or other relevant provisions of the ITAA 1997 as they are not incurred in gaining or producing assessable income and they relate to expenses that are private or domestic in nature. | Detailed reasoning | Assessable income | Assessable income is made up of ordinary income and statutory income. Section 6-10 of the ITAA 1997 provides that assessable income includes statutory income which constitutes amounts made assessable by specific statutory provisions. There are no specific legislative provisions relating to money or credits received from electricity suppliers therefore such amounts are not statutory income. | Subsection 6-5(1) of the ITAA 1997 defines ordinary income as income 'according to ordinary concepts'. Under subsection 6-5(2) of the ITAA 1997, the assessable income of an Australian resident includes the ordinary income derived directly or indirectly from all sources during the income year. | Under subsection 6-5(4) of the ITAA 1997 in working out whether you have derived an amount of ordinary income, and (if so) when you derived it, you are taken to have received the amount as soon as it is applied or dealt with in any way on your behalf or as you direct. | The tax legislation does not provide specific guidance on the meaning of income according to ordinary concepts. However, a substantial body of case law exists which identifies likely characteristics. | In determining whether an amount is ordinary income, the courts have established the following principles: | · what receipts ought to be treated as income must be determined in accordance with the ordinary concepts and usages of mankind, except in so far as a statute dictates otherwise | · whether the payment received is income depends upon a close examination of all relevant circumstances; and | · whether the payment received is income is an objective test. | Relevant factors in determining whether an amount is ordinary income include: | · whether the payment is the product of any employment, services rendered, or any business | · the quality or character of the payment in the hands of the recipient | · the form of the receipt, that is, whether it is received as a lump sum or periodically; and | · the motive of the person making the payment, but noting that this latter factor is rarely decisive, as a mix of motives may exist. | In GP International Pipecoaters Pty Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1990) 170 CLR 124; 90 ATC 4413; (1990) 21 ATR 1, the Full High Court stated: | To determine whether a receipt is of an income or of a capital nature, various factors may be relevant. Sometimes the character of receipts will be revealed most clearly by their periodicity, regularity or recurrence; sometimes, by the character of a right or thing disposed of in exchange for the receipt; sometimes, by the scope of the transaction, venture or business in or by reason of which money is received and by the recipient's purpose in engaging in the transaction, venture or business. | Ultimately, whether or not a particular receipt is ordinary income depends on its character in the hands of the recipient. The whole of the circumstances must be considered. | Amounts that are periodical, regular or recurrent, relied upon by the recipient for their regular expenditure and paid to them for that purpose are likely to be ordinary income. In addition, receipts from property or investments that are on commercial terms and/or that indicate an intention to make a profit from an activity are also likely to be ordinary income. | In this instance, it needs to be determined whether the payments or credits received in return for transfer of electricity to the grid are income because of the nature and the circumstances of the receipt. In determining whether the receipts are income, the factual circumstances, and in particular whether the receipts indicate an activity that is more than private or domestic in nature, need to be considered. Some guidance in the context of rental properties is contained in Taxation Ruling IT 2167, which outlines the circumstances when amounts received will be considered income and when they will be considered to be in the nature of family or domestic arrangements. | A solar system is considered to be the property of its owner. Receipts received in connection with it, therefore, are potentially assessable income. Consequently, it needs to be determined, in light of the nature and the circumstances of the receipt, whether the payments or credits received in return for transfer of electricity to the grid are income. | In determining whether or not the payments are assessable income, the factual circumstances, and in particular whether the receipts indicate an activity that is more than private or domestic in nature, need to be considered. The following are important: | · the size of the solar system | · the terms of the arrangement with the electricity retailer and in particular whether the solar system: | · is configured into the electricity system of the home - the solar system first supplies electricity to the home to satisfy household electricity consumption before exporting excess electricity to the grid (referred to as a 'net' scheme), or | · exports all electricity to the grid (referred to as a 'gross' scheme). | · the feed-in tariff payments and whether they are considered to represent a return on your investment in the solar system | · whether there is a realistic opportunity for you to profit from the arrangement | · the regularity of payments/credits received from the feed-in tariffs such that they can be relied upon. | Deductions | The general provision that determines the deductibility of expenses is section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. Under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 you can deduct from your assessable income any loss or outgoing to the extent that it is incurred in gaining or producing your assessable income. However you cannot deduct a loss or outgoing that is capital, private or domestic in nature. | Other provisions in the ITAA 1997 contain specific deductions which section 8-5 of the ITAA 1997 allows you to deduct. Examples of specific deductions include repairs under section 25-10 of the ITAA 1997 and deductions for depreciating assets under section 40-25 of the ITAA 1997. | Repairs and Maintenance | Under section 25-10 of the ITAA 1997 you can deduct expenditure you incur for repairs and maintenance to the solar system if you incur the expense in deriving assessable income from the system. | A repair involves restoring the efficiency of function of the property being repaired without changing its character. A repair may improve to some extent the condition the property was in immediately before repair. A minor and incidental degree of improvement, addition or alteration may be done to property and still be a repair. If the work amounts to a substantial improvement, addition or alteration, it is not a repair and is not deductible under section 25-10 of the ITAA 1997. In addition, under subsection 25-10(3) of the ITAA 1997 expenditure incurred for repairs is not deductible if it is of a capital nature. | Decline in value | For assets that are capital in nature, you cannot claim deductions under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. Instead, under the capital allowances system you may be able to claim a deduction for the decline in value of the cost of a capital asset if it is used in gaining your assessable income. | Application to your situation | Under the scheme operating in your state you receive credits whenever your electricity generation exceeds your household consumption at intervals during the day as recorded by your meter. | The electricity provider pays you a premium feed in tariff per kilowatt hour for the net electricity you generate through your electricity retailer. | You receive the payments as credits against your electricity bill for net electricity exported. However, you can have the credits paid out to you if requested. | The scheme is connected with the electricity needs of your household as: | · The solar system is configured into the electricity system of the home. | · The solar system primarily supplies electricity to the home and satisfies the electricity consumption of the householder before exporting excess electricity to the grid. | · The size of the solar system is essentially designed principally for ordinary domestic needs. | Based on your factual circumstances, it is considered that the credits you receive on your electricity account (or payment for credits) are not ordinary income because: | The scheme is of a private or domestic nature, this being demonstrated by the strong connection of the scheme with the electricity needs of your household (as outlined above). In particular: | Electricity generated from the solar system is used for personal consumption in your private residence, and only the excess is transferred to the electricity grid. | The credits you receive for excess electricity offset the cost of your electricity, effectively reducing your electricity account. You have received some payments however, this was during the summer months when you were also making payments as the meter had not been read. | Taking into account all expenses and deductions over the life of the system, the ATO considers there is no realistic opportunity for you to profit from the arrangement. | You installed the system to protect the environment. | Accordingly, the credits/payments you receive from the electricity retailer are part of an arrangement that is private or domestic in nature. | Consequently, all of the credits/payments received for your electricity generated and sold to the electricity grid are not considered assessable income. | As a result any expenditure incurred in producing the receipts from the sale of the electricity generated to the electricity grid is not deductible. You would not be able to claim deductions for decline in value, repairs and maintenance expenses. | However, if there were an increase in the size or scale of the activity in which you are engaged, or an increase in the payments/credits received or the regularity of the payments, this might indicate the payments were ordinary income and therefore assessable.


Please check this edited version to be sure that there are no details remaining that you think may allow you to be identified. If you have any concerns about this ruling you wish to discuss, you will find our contact details in the fact sheet.