Private ruling: Financing and servicing agreement
Date of advice: 9 April 2018
Published: June 2018
Ruling period: Income tax year ending 30 June 2018 | Income tax year ending 30 June 2019 | Income tax year ending 30 June 2020 | Income tax year ending 30 June 2021

Ruling: Q1: Is the Financing and Servicing Agreement (FSA) a scheme which gives rise to a ‘debt interest’ under Division 974 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)? | A1: Yes | Q2: Is the FSA a ‘Division 230 financial arrangement’ as defined in section 995-1 of the ITAA 1997? | A2: Yes | Q3: Will the Profit Amount payable by the Trust under the FSA be deductible to the Trust under subsection 230-15(2) of the ITAA 1997? | A3: Yes

Relevant facts and circumstances: The Trust: ● is an Australian unit trust; ● is an unregistered managed investment scheme, with an option to become a registered MIS in the future; ● adheres to Shariah compliant financing principles; ● is the sole unit holder in the Sub-Trust; and ● has been created for the purpose of investing (indirectly via the Sub-Trust) in a property (the Property). The Sub-Trust: ● is an Australian unit trust; and ● has been created for the purpose of acquiring the Property. Financing of the Property The Sub-Trust’s acquisition of the Property is to be funded by a combination of equity and debt. The debt component will include on-shore debt financing. The Shariah board of the Trust and the Sub-Trust requires that any finance advanced for the purposes of funding the acquisition of the Property be done so in a form which is Shariah compliant, meaning it must adhere to Islamic financing principles which prohibit the payment of interest (as technically defined under Shariah principles) on debt. Accordingly, the debt financing of the Property, used to part fund the Sub-Trust’s acquisition of the Property has been structured to be Shariah compliant and involves the Trust’s participation in a FSA. The FSA The Investor agrees to appoint the Trust (as the Investment Manager) to invest the amount funded by debt (the ‘debt amount’) in the purchase of the Property and to manage the Property on behalf of the Investor in accordance with the Investment Plan and the terms of the FSA. The Investment Plan provides, inter alia, that: ● the Trust undertakes to invest the debt amount in accordance with this Plan in order to generate an anticipated profit, which shall be sufficient to pay the Profit Amount to the Investor periodically; and ● the Trust must appoint a Property Manager to manage the Property as a commercial office building; keep proper records in relation to the Property; and pay the Profit Amount to the Investor. Subject to the availability of funds, the Investor will promptly pay the debt amount to the Trust. In consideration of the Investor providing the debt amount and entering into the FSA, the Trust must pay to the Investor: ● an amount equivalent to the debt amount (the ‘repayment amount’), as well as any other unpaid Secured Moneys, in full on the Final Termination Date (being 36 months after the date on which the debt amount is provided to the Trust); and ● the Profit Amount on each relevant date. In respect of each relevant period, the order of priority for the distribution of the Investment Income (defined in the FSA to broadly include rental income and other profits earned in connection with the Property) received by the Trust for that period shall, in the first instance, be 100% to the Investor until and to the extent the Investor has received an amount equal to the Profit Amount. The Trust acknowledges that a failure to pay the Profit Amount when due shall constitute an Event of Default under the FSA. Assumptions 1. Division 230 of the ITAA 1997 applies to gains or losses from the financial arrangements of the Trust. 2. The FSA (and associated financing arrangements) is entered into or carried out by the Trust in gaining or producing assessable income of the Trust. 3. For each income year over which the term of the FSA relates, the Sub-Trust has a realistic expectation that it will have an amount of net income that will be wholly distributed to the Trust. 4. For each income year over which the term of the FSA relates, the Trust has a realistic expectation of receiving a distribution of an amount of the Sub-Trust’s net income that exceeds the Profit Amount paid by the Trustee for those years. 5. All dealings between and/or amongst any of the Trust and the other parties to be involved will be at arm’s length. 6. The Sub-Trust will not hold, or invest in, any assets other than the Property during the term of the FSA and the Trust will not hold, or invest in, any assets other than units in the Sub-Trust during the term of the FSA.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Division 230 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 230-15(2) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 230-45 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 230-45(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 230-45(1)(d) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 230-45(1)(e) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 230-45(1)(f) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 230-45(2) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subdivision 230-B | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subdivision 230-H | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Division 974 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 974-5(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 974-15(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 974-20(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 974-20(1)(a) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 974-20(1)(b) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 974-20(1)(c) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 974-20(1)(d) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 974-20(1)(e) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 974-35 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 974-130 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 974-135 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 974-160 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 995-1

Reasons for decision: Summary: The FSA is a scheme which gives rise to a debt interest under Division 974 of the ITAA 1997 1 . | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: The provisions of Division 974 determine whether, for certain income tax purposes, an interest is a ‘debt interest’ or an ‘equity interest’ for tax purposes. These provisions do not impose tax, but rather categorise whether an interest is debt or equity based on “economic substance rather than mere legal form” (subsection 974-5(1)). A scheme gives rise to a debt interest in an entity if the scheme, when it comes into existence, satisfies the debt test in subsection 974-20(1) in relation to the entity (subsection 974-15(1)). Subsection 974-20(1) provides that a scheme satisfies the debt test in relation to an entity if: (a) the scheme is a *financing arrangement for the entity; and (b) the entity, or a *connected entity of the entity, receives, or will receive, a *financial benefit or benefits under the scheme; and (c) the entity has, or the entity and a connected entity of the entity each has, an *effectively non-contingent obligation under the scheme to provide a financial benefit or benefits to one or more entities after the time when: (i) the financial benefit referred to in paragraph (b) is received if there is only one; or (ii) the first of the financial benefits referred to in paragraph (b) is received if there are more than one; and (d) it is substantially more likely than not that the value provided (worked out under subsection (2)) will be at least equal to the value received (worked out under subsection (3)); and (e) the value provided (worked out under subsection (2)) and the value received (worked out under subsection (3)) are not both nil. The classification of a scheme as giving rise to a debt interest is done from the perspective of the issuer of the interest, in this instance the Trust. Addressing each component of subsection 974-20(1) separately: ● the FSA (a ‘scheme’ for the purposes of the Income Tax Assessment Act ) will be entered into by the Trust to raise finance used to fund its acquisition of units in the Sub-Trust, and therefore will be a ‘financing arrangement’ for the Trust pursuant to section 974-130, thereby satisfying paragraph 974-20(1)(a); ● the debt amount to be received by the Trust under the FSA from the Investor will constitute a ‘financial benefit’ pursuant to section 974-160, thereby satisfying paragraph 974-20(1)(b); ● subsequent to its receipt of the debt amount from the Investor, the Trust will have an ‘effectively non-contingent obligation’, as per section 974-135, to provide a financial benefit under the FSA in the form of the repayment amount and the Profit Amounts, thereby satisfying paragraph 974-20(1)(c); ● it is substantially more likely than not that: ● the value of the repayment amount to be provided by the Trust to the Investor under the FSA (in nominal terms pursuant to section 974-35) will at least equal the value of the debt amount received by the Trust from the Investor under the FSA; and ● the aggregate value of all the effectively non-contingent financial benefits (in nominal terms) to be provided by the Trust to the Investor under the FSA (including the Profit Amounts) will, to the extent of the Profit Amounts paid, exceed the value of the debt amount received by the Trust from the Investor under the FSA, thereby satisfying paragraph 974-20(1)(d); and ● neither the value of the financial benefit received by the Trust, nor the value of the financial benefits provided by the Trust under the FSA will be nil, thereby satisfying paragraph 974-20(1)(e)). As each of the requirements of the debt test in subsection 974-20(1) will, when the FSA comes into existence, be satisfied, the FSA gives rise to a debt interest in the Trust. | Summary: The FSA is a ‘Division 230 financial arrangement’ as defined in section 995-1. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Generally, an entity will have a ‘financial arrangement’ if they have under an arrangement, a cash settlable legal or equitable right to receive a financial benefit, a cash settlable legal or equitable obligation to provide such benefit, or a combination of one or more such rights and/or obligations, and paragraphs 230-45(1)(d) to (f) do not apply (subsection 230-45(1)). Paragraphs 230-45(1)(d) to (f) state: (d) you also have under the arrangement one or more legal or equitable rights to receive something and/or one or more legal or equitable obligations to provide something; and (e) for one or more of the rights and/or obligations covered by paragraph (d): (i) the thing that you have the right to receive, or the obligation to provide, is not a financial benefit; or (ii) the right or obligation is not cash settlable; and (f) the one or more rights and/or obligations covered by paragraph (e) are not insignificant in comparison with the right, obligation or combination covered by paragraph (a), (b) or (c). The term ‘financial benefit’ is defined in section 974-160 as anything having economic value and includes property and services. Whether a right to receive or obligation to provide a financial benefit is cash settlable is specified in subsection 230-45(2) to include, inter alia, a benefit that is money, a right you intend to satisfy or settle by receiving money, or an obligation that you intend to satisfy or settle by providing money. Under the terms of the FSA (i.e. the ‘arrangement’ for the purposes of section 230-45), the Trust will have a cash settlable right to receive a financial benefit from the Investor in the form of the debt amount, and cash settlable obligations to provide financial benefits to the investor in the form of the repayment amount and the periodic Profit Amounts. Under the terms of the FSA, the Trust will also have an obligation to arrange for the management of the Property as a commercial office building. Whilst this obligation is neither a financial benefit nor cash settlable, it is (in the context of the purpose of the FSA and the intention of the parties to the FSA – i.e. to arrange debt financing in a manner which adheres to Islamic financing principles and is thus Shariah compliant) insignificant in comparison with the Trust’s cash settlable right to receive a financial benefit and cash settlable obligations to provide financial benefits under the FSA. As such, paragraphs 230-45(d) to (f) do not apply and the FSA will constitute a financial arrangement pursuant to section 230-45. Section 995-1 defines a ‘Division 230 financial arrangement’ as a financial arrangement to which Division 230 applies in relation to your gains and losses from the arrangement. Pursuant to assumption 1 of this ruling that Division 230 applies to gains and losses from the financial arrangements of the Trust, and on the basis that the FSA will constitute a financial arrangement, Division 230 will apply in relation to gains or losses of the Trust from the FSA. The FSA will therefore be a Division 230 financial arrangement as defined in section 995-1. | Summary: The Profit Amount payable by the Trust under the FSA will be deductible under subsection 230-15(2). | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: The classification of an interest as a debt interest under Division 974 has certain taxation consequences. In particular, returns paid on a debt interest may be deductible, but not frankable. Where the debt interest is a financial arrangement for the purposes of Division 230, and that Division applies to the issuer’s gains and losses from financial arrangements, losses on that debt interest are (subject to specific exceptions under Subdivision 230-H) allowable as a deduction under subsection 230-15(2) to the extent that they are made in gaining or producing assessable income or are necessarily incurred in carrying on a business for the purpose of gaining or producing assessable income. The Profit Amount payable by the Trust under the FSA in consideration of money advanced to the Trust under the FSA (i.e. the debt amount) is, in substance, considered analogous to interest payable on money borrowed. Therefore, like interest, the essential character of the Profit Amount is a question of fact to be determined by reference to the objective circumstances of the use to which the advanced funds are put by the Trust. Under the terms of the FSA, the Trust will be advanced the debt amount from the Investor to fund the Trust’s acquisition of units in the Sub-Trust. As the Profit Amount payable is in respect of the debt amount to be used to acquire units in the Sub-Trust, being assets that are expected to produce assessable income (in the form of a 100% of the Sub-Trust’s net income), the Profit Amount will be incidental and relevant in gaining or producing the Trust’s assessable income. Therefore, the Profit Amount will be incurred by the Trust in gaining or producing the Trust’s assessable income, and give rise to a deductible loss under subsection 230-15(2).