Private ruling: Early Stage Innovation Company
Date of advice: 8 March 2017
Published: August 2017
Ruling period: Year ending 30 June 20XX
Date scheme commenced: XXXX (while unincorporated)

Ruling: Q1: Does the Company meet the criteria of an Early Stage Innovation Company (ESIC) under subsection 360-40(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)? | A1: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: 1. The Company was incorporated in Australia in 20XX. Its equity interests are not listed for quotation in the official list of any stock exchange. 2. The Company has no subsidiaries and had expenses of less than $X in the previous income year, i.e. the year ended 30 June 20XX. It has not yet generated any revenue / assessable income. 3. The Company is developing an App that provides a service that can be differentiated from products presently in the market. 4. The Company will provide the innovation to households with medium to high incomes. 5. The Company has identified its ultimate market as being the global market, with its initial target being Australian markets. The Company plans to expand to the Global markets within two years. 6. The Company has lodged patents in relation to the innovation. 7. In Australia the Company has identified 3.1 million Australians in the medium to high income households (top X%) that could potentially be interested in its product. 8. Globally the Company has identified 26 countries with an estimated 126 million households that could be interested in its product. 9. The Company's digital offering is designed and built to run on a cloud hosted IT infrastructure. This enables the company to increase its processing capacity domestically and expand into new territories. 10. The Company is undertaking controlled testing of its product in the market. 11. The Company still needs to further invest in research, development and testing of the App. 12. The Company has engaged the services of a marketing agency, to develop its branding, public website and a marketing strategy. It is also currently recruiting a digital marketing coordinator to assist with marketing. 13. The Company as a start-up is agile and lean in its approach to innovation testing and business operations. The Company aims to maintain this as a sustainable competitive advantage. The Company has a unique position having developed intellectual property with a people culture of agility. The team hopes to outperform any competition consistently by quickly creating and deploying new digital product features.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subdivision 360-A | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 360-40 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 360-45

Reasons for decision: Summary: All legislative references are to the ITAA 1997 unless otherwise indicated. | Summary: The Company meets the eligibility requirements of an ESIC under, subsection 360-40(1). | Detailed Reasoning - Qualifying Early Stage Innovation Company: 14. Subsection 360-40(1) outlines the criteria required for a company to qualify as an Early Stage Innovation Company (ESIC) at a particular time in an income year. This time is referred to as the test time. The criteria are based on a series of tests to identify if the company is at an early stage of its development and it is developing new or significantly improved innovations to generate an economic return. | Detailed Reasoning - 'The early stage test': 15. The early stage test requirements are outlined in detail within paragraphs 360-40(1)(a) to (d). | Detailed Reasoning - Incorporation or Registration - paragraph 360-40(1)(a): 16. To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(a), at a particular time (the test time) in an income year (the current year) the company must have been either: a) incorporated in Australia within the last three income years (the latest being the current year); or b) incorporated in Australia within the last six income years (the latest being the current year), and across the last three of those income years the company and its 100% subsidiaries incurred total expenses of $1 million or less; or c) registered in the Australian Business Register (ABR) within the last three income years (the latest being the current year). 17. The term 'current year' is defined in subsection 360-40(1) with reference to the 'test time'; the 'current year' being the income year in which the company issues shares to the investor. 18. A company that does not meet any of these conditions will not qualify as an ESIC. | Detailed Reasoning - Total expenses - paragraph 360-40(1)(b): 19. To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(b), the company and its 100% subsidiaries must have incurred total expenses of $1 million or less in the income year before the current year. | Detailed Reasoning - Assessable income - paragraph 360-40(1)(c): 20. To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(c), the company and its 100% subsidiaries must have derived total assessable income of $200,000 or less in the income year before the current year. | Detailed Reasoning - No stock exchange listing - paragraph 360-40(1)(d): 21. To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(d), the company must not be listed on any stock exchange in Australia or a foreign country. | Detailed Reasoning - Innovation tests: 22. If the company satisfies the early stage test, the company must also satisfy one of two innovation tests: the objective (100 point) test or the principles-based test. | Detailed Reasoning - '100 point test' - paragraph 360-40(1)(e) and section 360-45: 23. To satisfy the 100 point test the company must obtain at least 100 points by meeting the innovation criteria in the table within section 360-45. The criteria are tested at a time immediately after the relevant shares are issued. If a company satisfies this test it does not need to satisfy the principles-based test. | Detailed Reasoning - 'Principles-based test' - subparagraphs 360-40(1)(e)(i) to (iv): 24. To satisfy the principles-based test, the company must meet five requirements in paragraph 360-40(1)(e). This is tested at a time immediately after the relevant new shares are issued to the investor. 25. The company can demonstrate that it meets each requirement through existing documentation such as a business plan, commercialisation strategy, competition analysis or other company documents. The company must be able to show that tangible steps have been or will be taken in relation to each of the requirements. 26. The five requirements of the principles-based test, as outlined in paragraph 360-40(1)(e) are: a) the company must be genuinely focused on developing one or more new or significantly improved innovations for commercialisation b) the business relating to that innovation must have a high growth potential c) the company must demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to successfully scale up the business relating to the innovation d) the company must demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to address a broader than local market, including global markets, through that business, and e) the company must demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to have competitive advantages for that business. | Detailed Reasoning - Developing new or significantly improved innovations for commercialisation: 27. For the purposes of Subdivision 360-A, the Explanatory Memorandum to the Tax Laws Amendment (Tax Incentives for Innovation) Bill 2016 ('EM') provides the following at paragraph 1.76 in relation to the definition of innovation: “Implicit in the definition of innovation is the requirement that the company is developing a new or significantly improved type of innovation such as a product, process, service, marketing or organisational method. This list of various types of innovations provides flexibility for innovation companies and is adaptable to current and future innovations. The Oslo Manual, published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides a description of these different types of innovations…” 1 28. The innovation being developed by the company must either be new or significantly improved for an applicable addressable market. The company's addressable market is the revenue opportunity or market demand arising from the innovation or the related business. The addressable market must be objective and realistic. 29. Improvements must be significant in nature to meet this requirement. Customising existing products or minor changes resulting from software updates, pricing strategies or seasonal changes are examples of improvements that would not be considered significant. 30. The OECD Oslo Manual defines innovations as significant changes, with the intention of distinguishing significant changes from routine minor changes. However, it is important to recognise that an innovation can also consist of a series of smaller incremental changes that together constitute a significant change. 2 31. In discussing services innovation activity, paragraph 111 of the OECD Oslo Manual states, “Innovation activity in services also tends to be a continuous process, consisting of a series of incremental changes in products and processes. This may occasionally complicate the identification of innovations in services in terms of single events, i.e. as the implementation of a significant change in products, processes or other methods.” 32. The OECD Oslo Manual, in relation to defining innovative services, states at paragraph 161 that “innovations in services can include significant improvements in how they are provided (for example, in terms of their efficiency or speed), the addition of new functions or characteristics to existing services, or the introduction of entirely new services.” 33. The company must be genuinely focused on developing the innovation for a commercial purpose in order to generate economic value and revenue for the company. This requirement draws the distinction between simply having an idea and commercialising an idea. 34. 'Commercialisation' includes a range of activities that involve the implementation or sale of a new or significantly improved innovation that will directly lead to the generation of economic value for the company. | Detailed Reasoning - High growth potential: 35. The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential for high growth within a broad addressable market. This refers to the company's ability to rapidly expand its business. Companies that are limited to supplying local customers will not meet this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Scalability: 36. The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to successfully scale up the business. The company must have operating leverage, where as it increases its market share or enters into new markets, its existing revenues can be multiplied with a reduced or minimal increase in operating costs per unit. | Detailed Reasoning - Broader than local market: 37. The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to address a market that is broader than a local city, area or region. The company does not need to have a serviceable market at a national, multinational or global scale at the test time. However, it does need to show that the business is capable of addressing a market that is broader than a local market and that the business can be adapted to a broader scale in the future. | Detailed Reasoning - Competitive advantages: 38. The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to have competitive advantages, such as a cost or differential advantage over its competitors which are sustainable for the business as it expands. The company can analyse what competitors in the market offer, and consider whether the company has a differentiating advantage that would allow it to outperform these competitors. | Detailed Reasoning - Test time: 39. For the purposes of this ruling, the test time for determining if the Company is a qualifying ESIC will be a particular date during the income year ending XXXX. | Detailed Reasoning - Current year: 40. For the purposes of subsection 360-40(1), the current year will be the year ending XXXX (the XXXX income year). For clarity, in relation to particular requirements within subsection 360-40(1), the last three income years will include the years ending XXXX, XXXX and XXXX, and the income year before the current year will be the year ending XXXX (the XXXX income year). | Detailed Reasoning - Incorporation or Registration - paragraph 360-40(1)(a): 41. As the Company was incorporated in XXXX, which is within the last three income years, subparagraph 360-40(1)(a)(i) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - Total expenses - paragraph 360-40(1)(b): 42. As the Company had expenses less than $X in the prior income year, paragraph 360-40(1)(b) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - Assessable income - paragraph 360-40(1)(c): 43. As the Company's assessable income for the prior income year is less than $X paragraph 360-40(1)(c) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - No stock exchange listing - paragraph 360-40(1)(d): 44. As the Company is privately owned and is not listed on any stock exchange in Australia or a foreign country, subparagraph 360-40(1)(d) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion on early stage test: 45. The Company will satisfy the early stage test for the entire XXXX income year, as each of the requirements within paragraphs 360-40(1)(a) to (d) have been satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - 100 point test: 46. The Company has not provided any evidence of satisfying the 100 point test under section 360-45 for the year ending XXXX. For the Company to be a qualifying ESIC it will need to satisfy the principles-based test. | Detailed Reasoning - Developing new or significantly improved innovations for commercialisation - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i): 47. According to the Company its innovation is the first holistic product of its type. Although it will initially be targeted at the Australian market, the innovation has been identified as having a wider global addressable market. | Detailed Reasoning - Genuinely focussed on developing for commercialisation - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i): 48. The Company has taken the following steps in developing the innovation: a. Testing b. Engaging a marketing agency to develop branding; public website and marketing strategy c. Hiring a Digital Marketing Coordinator d. Gaining sponsorship e. Registering patents f. Discussions with potential commercial partners 49. The timeline provides that the Company expects to undertake immediate marketing of the product across Australia. 50. The current goal of the Company is to expand and scale up the business using cash flow from generated Australian revenue. 51. The Company is exploring options for the global expansion with possible partners. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion on subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i): 52. The Company is genuinely focussed on developing the innovation for a commercial purpose. It has demonstrated that it has in place the necessary steps for developing the innovation for commercialisation. 53. Therefore, subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i) will be satisfied for the time period from XXXX until XXXX or the date when the innovation has been fully developed, whichever occurs earliest. Once the innovation has been fully developed, the Company will no longer be 'developing' the product for commercialisation and subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i) will no longer be satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - High growth potential - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(ii): 54. The Company expects the innovation to appeal to a wide range of medium to high income households. This aids decision making and is particularly useful when assessing product or service viability in particular markets. 55. Through its commercialisation / marketing strategy, the Company hopes to foster widespread use of its product in Australia with sufficient revenue generated to fund expansion into the international market. 56. The Company is developing the innovation themselves. They will make their revenue through providing the product on a cloud hosted infrastructure. 57. If the commercialisation strategy is successful, this will give the Company the ability to increase sales through online marketing using the global platforms. 58. Therefore, subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(ii) will be satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - Scalability - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iii): 59. The innovation projections provided illustrate the increase in projected sales. 60. Given that the innovation will be available across Australia, with expansion intended internationally within two years, it is expected that the innovation has the potential to successfully scale up its Therefore, subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iii) will be satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - Broader than local market - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iv): 61. The Company's innovation will (initially) be targeted at the Australian markets but is intended for worldwide use. It will be released globally once it gains traction in the initial targeted markets. 62. The innovation can be used worldwide by any business. Thus, the ultimate addressable market is on a global scale and is not confined to a local city, area or region. 63. The Company has demonstrated the innovation has the potential to address a broader market than just the local market, including international markets, and that it has steps in place to achieve this aim. Therefore, subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iv) will be satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - Competitive advantages - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(v): 64. The innovation has differentiating features which may give it a competitive advantage. 65. The Company has demonstrated the potential for the innovation to have competitive advantages within the professional business community, satisfying subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(v). | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion on principles test: 66. The Company satisfies the principles based test as it satisfies the requirements within subparagraphs 360-40(1)(e)(i)to (v) for the period commencing XXXX until XXXX or the date when the innovation has been fully developed and is ready for sale, whichever occurs earlier. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: 67. The Company meets the eligibility criteria of an ESIC under section 360-40 for the period commencing XXXX until the earlier of XXXX or the date when the innovation has been fully developed and is ready for sale, whichever occurs earlier. 1 See Explanatory Memorandum to the Tax Laws Amendment (Tax Incentives for Innovation) Bill 2016, paragraph 1.76. 2 OECD Oslo Manual, paragraph 124 and paragraph 151.