Private ruling: Capital gains tax - subdivision - main residence
Date of advice: 10 December 2020
Published: February 2021
Ruling period: 1 July 20XX to 30 June 20XX

Ruling: Q1: Will you be entitled to fully disregard any capital gain made on the disposal of your original 25% ownership interest in the Property land ? | A1: Yes. | Q2: Will you be entitled to fully disregard any capital gain made on the disposal of your 25% ownership interest in Duplex A ? | A2: Yes. | Q3: Will you be entitled to fully disregard any capital gain made on the disposal of your 25% ownership interest in Duplex B ? | A3: No.

Relevant facts and circumstances: You and your spouse (Person A) purchased a property (the Property) prior to 20 September 1985 as joint tenants. A dwelling (the House) was located on the land of the Property ( Property land ). Following the passing of one of Person A's parents it was decided that the House would be demolished and joined duplexes would be constructed to accommodate you and your family in one duplex, and Person A's parent (Person X) in the other duplex. Person X sold their property and paid you and Person A $XXX,XXX with the names on the title of the Property as follows: You and Person A as joint tenants in ½ share and Person X in ½ share as tenants in common. A building development and subdivision application was lodged with the local council which was approved during the same year. Person X had been under the impression that the Property needed to be subdivided to enable them to retain their Government pension, but that was not correct, and the subdivision approval was allowed to lapse. The House was demolished, with no proceeds being received in relation to the demolished House. The demolition of the House and construction of the duplexes during the following year took several months to complete. During this period, you and your family lived in a rental property with Person X residing in another rental property. You and your family, and Person X, moved into your respective duplexes after the completion certificates were issued. Your and Person A's duplex ( Duplex A ) is a multi-bedroom duplex with several carport spaces, with the construction being funded by the selling a 50% ownership interest in the Property to Person X and a bank loan. Person X's duplex ( Duplex B ) is a multi-bedroom duplex with a carport space for which they had paid for the construction. Person X (the Deceased) passed away and Person A inherited their various XX% ownership interests in the Property. Since the Deceased passed away you have used Duplex B to accommodate your children, with one still living there. You and Person A engaged the services of a real estate agent to sell the whole Property a significant period after the Deceased had passed away. An auction occurred; however, you did not accept the highest bid. You took the Property off the market and were advised that to maximise your return you would have to subdivide the Property and sell the subdivided lots with a duplex located on each one separately. You and Person A lodged a subdivision development application with the local council which was approved several months later. You estimate that you will sell the subdivided lots and duplexes as follows: • $XXXX - subdivided lot consisting of Duplex A and land it is located on; and • $XXXX - subdivided lot consisting of Duplex B and the land it is located on. You anticipate putting the subdivided lots and duplexes on the market during the period covered by this ruling. Assumptions: For the purpose of this ruling the following will occur during the period covered by this ruling: • The Property will be subdivided into separate lots with a duplex located on each lot (the Subdivided lots) • The Subdivided lots will individually be put on the market for sale; • The Subdivided lots will both be sold during the period covered by this ruling • You will continue residing at Duplex A until it is sold • You will make the choice to apply the main residence exemption to Duplex A when it is sold; and • You will make a capital gain on the sale of your various ownership interests in the land and Duplex A and Duplex B.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 102-20 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 104-10 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 105-8 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 112-25 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 118-110 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 118-145 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 118-150 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Division 115

Reasons for decision: Summary: You propose subdividing the Property into several lots with a duplex located on each subdivided lot which you intend selling. You will hold the following ownership interests in the Property when the subdivision occurs for capital gains tax purposes: • original XX% pre-CGT ownership interest in the Property land • XX% post-CGT ownership interest in Duplex A; and • XX% post-CGT ownership interest in Duplex B. Your capital gains tax ownership interests, and the capital gains tax implications arising in relation to them when the proposed subdivided lots and duplexes are sold are discussed as follows: | Detailed Reasoning - Capital gains tax: Capital gains tax (CGT) is tax you pay when a CGT event happens to a CGT asset which includes land and/or buildings. The most common CGT event is CGT event A1, which occurs when you dispose of your ownership interest in a CGT asset to another party, such as when you sell a property. A capital gain is made if the amount received (called capital proceeds) from the disposal of the asset exceeds the cost base (the cost of the asset and certain other costs associated with acquiring, holding and disposing of the asset) of the CGT asset. The cost base is made up of five elements, with the first element being the amount you paid in relation to the acquisition of the asset. You can disregard any capital gain or loss from a CGT event A1 occurring if the asset was acquired prior to 20 September 1985, referred to as pre-CGT assets. Buildings constructed on pre-CGT land are treated as separate assets to the pre-CGT land and will be post-CGT assets. | Detailed Reasoning - Subdivision of land: When a block of land is subdivided, the original land parcel is split into two or more separate assets. Subdivision itself is not considered to be a CGT event as subdividing does not change ownership of the subdivided block. The acquisition date of the subdivided block is the same acquisition date as that of the original block. Therefore, a capital gain or capital loss is not made at the time of the subdivision. The original cost base needs to be apportioned between the new assets on a reasonable basis as outlined in Taxation Determination TD 97/3. The subdivision does not change the ownership interests in jointly owned land/property. Taxation Determination TD 92/148 Income Tax: capital gains: is there a disposal and an acquisition where joint owners of a block of land subdivide that land into two smaller blocks with each owning one block? provides that as a result of a transaction after subdivision, where each owner who had a 50% share of the un-subdivided land when it was acquired, they will each have a 50% ownership interest in each of the subdivided lots following the subdivision. | Detailed Reasoning - Full main residence exemption: Generally, you can ignore a capital gain or capital loss from a CGT event that happens to a dwelling that is your main residence. However, in order to obtain a full exemption from CGT, the dwelling must have been: • your main residence for the entire period you owned it • must not have been used to produce assessable income; and • any land on which the dwelling is situated should not be more than two hectares. For the purpose of the main residence exemption, you have an ownership interest in a dwelling from the date of settlement of the contract of purchase (or if you have a right to occupy it at an earlier time, that time) until the date of settlement of the contract of sale. This period is called your ownership period. The following choices can enable the main residence exemption to be extended when the relevant conditions have been met: | Detailed Reasoning - Building a main residence: If you build a dwelling on land you acquired before 20 September 1985, being pre-CGT land, you are required to make a choice to extend the main residence exemption in relation to the newly constructed dwelling to treat it as your main residence for some or all of the period when the dwelling was being constructed, when could not live there. In such cases the exemption applies from the time the land is acquired, but if the land was acquired more than four years before the dwelling becomes your main residence, the exemption period starts four years before the dwelling became your main residence. You can only make this choice if the dwelling becomes your main residence as soon as practicable after the building work is finished and it continues to be your main residence for a minimum of three months. If you do not make this choice, the main residence exemption is not available for a dwelling that is a separate CGT asset for any part of the dwelling's ownership period before it becomes your main residence. | Detailed Reasoning - Dwelling stops being main residence: If a dwelling stops being your main residence, you can choose to continue to treat it as a main residence for maximum of up to six years if the dwelling is used for income producing purposes, or indefinitely if it is not used for income producing purposes. | Detailed Reasoning - Application to your situation: We have considered the facts of your situation and have determined that the CGT provisions will apply to your various ownership interests as follows: | Detailed Reasoning - XX% pre-CGT ownership interest in the Property land: You and Person A purchased the Property before 20 September 1985. Therefore, it is a pre-CGT asset. You disposed a XX% ownership interest in the Property to Person X after 20 September 1985. You and Person A each retained a XX% ownership interest in the Property. The House was demolished, and the duplexes constructed on the land are viewed as separate assets to the land, being post-CGT assets as they were constructed after 20 September 1985. For CGT purposes, when the subdivision occurs you will have an ownership in the land of each of the subdivided lots, being XX% of your original ownership interest. Both subdivided lots will be viewed as having been acquired prior to 20 September 1985, given that you had originally acquired the Property prior to that date. Accordingly, your ownership interest in XX% of the Property land will retain its pre-CGT status and you will be viewed as having acquired the land on the same date that you had originally acquired the Property. Therefore, when the subdivided lots and duplexes are sold you will be able to disregard any capital gain made on their sale to the extent that it relates to your original XX% pre-CGT ownership interest in the Property land. | Detailed Reasoning - XX% ownership interest in Duplex A: For CGT purposes, you are viewed as having a XX% ownership interest in Duplex A. You and your family had resided at the Property in the House from when the Property was acquired until that dwelling was demolished, when you moved into a rental property while the duplexes were being constructed. You moved into Duplex A after its construction was completed and have continued to reside there until the present time. As you meet the conditions to be able to extend the main residence exemption to continue to treat the land as your main residence for the period following the demolition of the House and the construction of Duplex A, you will be able to fully disregard any capital gain on the disposal of your XX% ownership interest in Duplex A. | Detailed Reasoning - XX% ownership interest in Duplex B: For CGT purposes, you are viewed as having a XX% ownership interest in Duplex B. You have not resided in Duplex B since it was constructed. Therefore, you are not eligible to apply the main residence exemption to disregard any capital gain made on the sale of your XX% ownership interest in Duplex B. Additionally, there are no other exemptions that would enable you to disregard the capital gain made on the disposal of this ownership interest. The first element of the cost base of your XX% ownership interest in Duplex B will be your share of the construction costs incurred to build Duplex B. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: Based on the facts of your situation you: • will be able to fully disregard any capital gain to the extent that it relates to your original XX% ownership interest in the Property land • will be able to fully disregard any capital gain to the extent that it relates to your XX% ownership interest in Duplex A; and • will not be able to disregard the capital gain to the extent that it relates to your XX% ownership interest in Duplex B. Note: The sale proceeds for both Duplex A and Duplex B will need to be apportioned among the various ownership interests on a reasonable basis. If you meet the conditions contained in Division 115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 you will be able to apply the 50% CGT discount to any capital gain made on the disposal of your various ownership interests outlined above.