Private ruling: Superannuation Funds for foreign residents
Date of advice: 6 March 2018
Published: June 2018
Ruling period: Year ending 30 June 20XX
Date scheme commenced: xx xx 20XX

Ruling: Q1: Does the Fund qualify as a ‘superannuation fund for foreign residents as defined in subsection 118-520(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 ? If so, is Company B in its capacity as trustee for the Fund excluded from liability to interest and/or dividend withholding tax under paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 ? | A1: Yes | Q2: If the answer to question 1 is yes, is the interest and/or dividend income derived by Company B in its capacity as trustee for the Fund not assessable and not exempt income under section 128D of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 ? | A2: Yes

Relevant facts and circumstances: The Fund 1. The Fund is a trust located in Country A. 2. Company A established the Fund for the purpose of providing retirement and related benefits for the present and future employees and any office-holders. 3. The office-holders of Company A are non-residents of Australia. 4. The Fund was registered as a domiciled retirement scheme in Country A. 5. The Fund is exempt from income tax on its interest and dividend income in Country A. 6. The trustee of the Fund is Company B. Company B is a company incorporated in and located in Country A and was appointed trustee of the Fund to replace the then trustee. 7. The Fund has confirmed: ● The Fund is an indefinite continuing fund and a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund. ● The Fund was established in a foreign country. ● The Fund was established, and is maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents. ● The central management and control of the Fund is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident. ● An amount paid to the entity or set aside for the Fund has not been or cannot be deducted under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 and the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 . ● A tax offset has not been allowed or is not allowed for such an amount. 8. Company B in its capacity as trustee of the Fund and all of the high level decision making in relation to the Fund is carried on outside of Australia. All directors of Company B are residents of County A and all board meetings take place in country A. 9. Company A, and the then trustee, entered into a trust deed (the Trust Deed) to establish and maintain the Fund for the purpose of providing retirement and related benefits of relevant employees. 10. Relevant clauses of the Trust Deed provide: a. the definition of an ‘employee b. application of membership to the Fund c. rules around information regarding age after ceasing part-time or full-time employment d. rules around contributions to the Fund e. rules around rights to benefits f. rules around pension payments conditions g. rules around duration of the Fund h. rules around benefits payable on retirement i. rules around disablement (including permanent, temporary and total disablement) j. rules around early retirement k. rules around payment on death, and l. that Company B in its capacity as trustee for the Fund derives income that consists of interest and dividends from Australian sources.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Paragraph 128B(3)(jb) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Section 128D | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 118-520 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 995-1(1)

Reasons for decision: Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: 1. Section 128B imposes liability to withholding tax on income derived by a non-resident that consists of dividend income (subsection 128B(1)), interest income (subsection 128B(2)) as well as other income prescribed in that section. 2. Subsection 128B(3) notes that section 128B will not apply to prescribed categories of income. Relevantly, paragraph 128B(3)(jb) states: (jb) income that: (i) is derived by a non-resident that is a superannuation fund for foreign residents; and (ii) consists of interest, or consists of dividends or non-share dividends paid by a company that is a resident; and (iii) is exempt from income tax in the country in which the non-resident resides; | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is a non-resident: 3. The Fund is not a resident of Australia for Australian tax purposes. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is a superannuation fund for foreign residents: 4. ‘Superannuation fund for foreign residents’ is a defined term in the ITAA 1936. Section 6 states: superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by subsection 995-1(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. 5. Subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 sets out the following: superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by section 118-520. 6. Section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997 states the following: (1) A fund is a superannuation fund for foreign residents at a time if: (a) at that time, it is: (i) an indefinitely continuing fund; and (ii) a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund; and (b) it was established in a foreign country; and (c) it was established, and is maintained at that time, only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents; and (d) at that time, its central management and control is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident. (2) However, a fund is not a superannuation fund for foreign residents if: (a) an amount paid to the fund or set aside for the fund has been or can be deducted under this Act; (b) a tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount. 7. Consequently, for the Fund to be considered a superannuation fund for foreign residents for the purposes of paragraph 128B(3)(jb), it must be established that: ● The Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund ● The Fund is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund ● The Fund was established in a foreign country ● The Fund was established and maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents ● The central management and control is carried on outside of Australia by entities none of whom are Australian residents ● No amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has been or can be deducted under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 and the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 . ● No tax offsets have been allowed or would be allowable for an amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund: 8. The legislation provides no guidance on the meaning of ‘indefinitely continuing’. It is not a technical legal expression, and the ordinary meanings of indefinitely and continuing involve little ambiguity or controversy. 9. The Macquarie Dictionary , [Online], viewed 25 January 2018, www.macquariedictionary.com.au defines ‘indefinitely’ and ‘continuing’ as follows: Indefinite: 1. not definite; without fixed or specified limit; unlimited: an indefinite number. 2. not clearly defined or determined; not precise. - indefinitely, adverb Continue: (verb (Continued, continuing)) 1. to go forwards or onwards in any course or action; keep on. 2. to go on after suspension or interruption. 3. to last or endure. 4. to remain in a place; abide; stay. 5. to remain in a particular state or capacity 10. Company B in its capacity as trustee for the Fund has provided declaration that at the time of making this application that the Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund. 11. It is accepted that there is no specific plans for the Fund to cease in the foreseeable future and therefore the Fund will continue to operate in accordance with the Trust Deed for an indefinite period of time. Accordingly, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund: 12. In Scott v. FCT (No. 2) (1966) 40 ALJR 265; 14 ATD 333, Windeyer J stated (40 ALJR 265 at 278; 14 ATD 333 at 351): There is no definition in the Act of a superannuation fund. The meaning of the term must therefore depend upon ordinary usage, the attributes of a thing thus denominated being those which things ordinarily so described have...the connotation of the phrase in the Act must be determined by one’s general knowledge of the extent of the denotation of the phrase in common parlance...I have come to the conclusion that there is no single attribute of a superannuation fund established for the benefit of employees except that it must be a fund bona fide devoted as its sole purpose to providing for employees who are participants money benefits (or benefits having a monetary value) upon their reaching a prescribed age. 13. In Mahony v Commissioner of Taxation (1967) 41 ALJR 232; (1967) 14 ATD 519, Kitto J stated: There was no definition in the Act of ‘a provident, benefit or superannuation fund’, and the meaning of the several expressions must therefore be arrived at in light of ordinary usage and with only one piece of assistance to be gathered from the immediate context. Since a fund, if its income was to be exempt under the provision, was separately required to be one established for the benefit of employees, each of the three descriptive words ‘provident’, ‘benefit’ and ‘superannuation’ must be taken to have connoted a purpose narrower than the purpose of conferring benefits, in a completely general sense, upon employees. Precise definition may be difficult, and in any case is unnecessary for present purposes. All that need be recognized is that just as ‘provident’ and ‘superannuation’ both referred to the provision of a particular kind of ‘benefit’ - in the one case a provision against contemplated contingencies, and in the other case a provision, to arise on an employee's retirement or death or other cessation of employment, of a subvention for him or his estate or persons towards whom he may have stood in some kind of relation commonly giving rise to a legal or moral responsibility – so ‘benefit’ must have meant a benefit, not in a general sense, but characterized by some specific future purpose. A funeral benefit is a familiar example. 14. In analysing the components of the expression, Kitto J interpreted the term ‘benefit’ to require a purpose narrower than the purpose of conferring benefits in a completely general sense upon employees. The benefit must be characterised by some future purpose. On the same note, a provident fund must relate to a provision against ‘contemplated contingencies’. 15. Kitto J’s statement, and in particular its reference to “other cessation of employment”, is consistent with a conclusion that an entity is not precluded from being a superannuation fund merely because it refunds contributions plus interest on any resignation or dismissal. 16. In Cameron Brae Pty Limited v FCT (2007) 161 FCR 468; [2007] FCAFC 135; 2007 ATC 4936, the Full Federal Court held that the relevant fund was a superannuation fund for the purposes of former section 82AAE of the ITAA 1936. Jessup J at [106] stated: In answering the question whether the fund was a “superannuation fund” as the term is ordinarily understood, it is, in my view, critical that payments could not have been made out of the fund (other than by way of administration expenses, taxation, etc.) save to members of the relevant discretionary class, and save in circumstances which fell within the ordinary understanding of superannuation. A proper characterisation of the fund should, in my view, depend upon the purposes for which the assets and moneys of the fund might have been used rather than upon the quality of the rights of individual members of the fund. If the fund could have been used only to achieve what might be described as a superannuation purpose, I would describe the fund as a “superannuation fund”. That a particular member of a discretionary class might not, ultimately, have received any payment, was not, in my view, disqualifying. 17. ATO Interpretative Decision ATO ID 2009/67 Income Tax: Superannuation fund for foreign residents ( ATO ID 2009/67 ) refers to these authorities to provide guidance on the meaning of the phrase “provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund”: None of the four descriptors 'provident', 'benefit', 'superannuation' or 'retirement fund' in subparagraph (a)(ii) of the definition of 'superannuation fund for foreign residents' in section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997 are defined. The terms have, however, been the subject of judicial consideration. The courts have held that for a fund to be a 'provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund', the fund's sole purpose must be to provide superannuation benefits, that is, benefits to a member upon the member reaching a prescribed age or upon their retirement, death or other cessation of employment ( Scott v. FC of T (No 2) (1966) 14 ATD 333; (1966) 10 AITR 290, per Windeyer J; Mahony v. FC of T (1967) 14 ATD 519, per Kitto J; Walstern Pty Ltd v. Commissioner of Taxation (2003) 138 FCR 1; 2003 ATC 5076; (2003) 54 ATR 423, per Hill J and Cameron Brae Pty Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (2007) 161 FCR 468; 2007 ATC 4936; (2007) 67 ATR 178, per Stone and Allsop JJ). Having regard to the terms of the deed of the Plan, it is considered that the Plan is a 'provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund' as that phrase has been interpreted by the relevant authorities. The sole purpose of the Plan is the provision of benefits to, or in respect of, participating employees who: ● cease their employment upon or after reaching retirement age (age 60) ● cease their employment after the satisfaction of certain service requirements ● cease their employment because of death or total and permanent disability, or ● reach age 70, whether or not they have ceased employment. Therefore, the Plan satisfies subparagraph (a)(ii) of the definition of 'superannuation fund for foreign residents' in section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997. 18. The above establish that for a fund to qualify as a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund, it must have the sole purpose of providing retirement benefits or benefits in other allowable contemplated contingencies (such as death, disability or serious illness). If a fund provides benefits in other circumstances, it will not satisfy the requirement to be a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund. 19. The members of the Fund can become eligible for benefits under the following circumstances: ● Retirement ● Disablement (total and permanent disablement, temporary total disablement) ● Early retirement from employment ● Payment on death 20. The purpose of the Fund is to provide retirement benefits to members who are an employee of the Employer (Company A). The retirement eligibility allows member benefits to be provided upon reaching retirement age. The alternate circumstances of access, being retirement due to disability, early retirement from employment and death also align with the contemplated contingencies of a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund. 21. The Fund’s core purpose is to provide superannuation benefits to present and future employees and any office-holders of Company A in the event of their retirement notwithstanding the Fund also provides ancillary purposes such as provision of benefits on early retirement from employment, payment on total and permanent disablement, temporary total disablement and payment on death. 22. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. The Fund was established in a foreign country and was established and maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents 23. The Fund was established in Country A as the pension fund for the Employer (Company A). The fund was established solely for the purpose of providing retirements and related benefits for such for the present and future employees and office-holders of the principal employer, Company A in Country A. 24. It is considered that the possibility of a very small number of members being returned residents or becoming Australian residents after ceasing eligible employment is incidental and should not be taken to conclude that the Fund, in this case, has not been established and is not maintained only to provide benefits for non-residents, based on the rules and operation of the Fund. 25. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund’s central management and control is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident: 26. Paragraphs 20 and 21 of Taxation Ruling TR 2008/9 Income tax: meaning of ‘Australian superannuation fund’ in subsection 295-95(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 ( TR 2008/9 ) states in respect of the central management and control ( CM&C ) of a superannuation fund: 20. The CM&C of a superannuation fund involves a focus on the who, when and where of the strategic and high level decision making processes and activities of the fund. In the context of the operations of a superannuation fund, the strategic and high level decision making processes includes: ● formulating the investment strategy for the fund; ● reviewing and updating or varying the fund's investment strategy as well as monitoring and reviewing the performance of the fund's investments; ● if the fund has reserves - the formulation of a strategy for their prudential management; and ● determining how the assets of the fund are to be used to fund member benefits. 21. The other principal areas of operation of a superannuation fund that form part of the day-to-day or operational side of the fund's activities will not constitute CM&C. These activities do not form part of the CM&C of the fund because they are not of a strategic or high level nature. Rather, these activities are of a more formalistic or administrative nature. Examples of such activities include the acceptance of contributions that are made on a regular basis, the actual investment of the fund's assets, the fulfilment of administrative duties and the preservation, payment and portability of benefits. 27. Paragraph 6 of the Draft Taxation Ruling TR 2017/D2 Income tax: Foreign Incorporated Companies: Central Management and Control test of residency ( TR 2017/D2 ) states: 28. Central management and control is the control and direction of a company's operations. The key element is the making of high-level decisions that set the company's general policies, and determine the direction of its operations and the type of transactions it will enter. 29. The Fund is domiciled in Country A. The objective of the Fund is to provide retirement and related benefits for employees and office holders of the Employer (Company A). The trustee in charge of the Fund is a company incorporated under Country A laws and the central management system and control and all the high level decision making processes of the Fund are carried outside of Australia. 30. Based on the above mentioned factors, it is reasonable to conclude the central management and control of the Fund occurs in Country A by entities that are not Australian residents. 31. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. No amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has been or can be deducted under the ITAA 1936 or the ITAA 1997 and no tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount 32. An amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has not been or cannot be deducted under the ITAA 1936 or ITAA 1997 and tax offsets have not been allowed or is not allowable for such amount. 33. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Consists of interest and/or dividends paid by a company that is a resident: 34. Paragraph 128B(3)(jb) will only apply to interest, or to dividends paid by Australian resident companies. 35. The Fund will receive interest income, along with dividend income from companies who are residents of Australia for tax purposes. 36. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Is exempt from income tax in the country in which the non-resident resides: 37. The Fund is exempt from income tax in Country A in accordance with the laws of Country A. 38. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: 39. The Fund qualifies as a superannuation fund for foreign resident pursuant to section 118-520. Furthermore, as all the requirements of paragraph 128B(3)(jb) are satisfied, Company B in its capacity as trustee for the Fund will be entitled to an exemption under paragraph 128B(3)(jb). | Detailed Reasoning - Question 2: If the answer to question 1 is yes is the interest and/or dividend income derived by Company B in its capacity as trustee for the Fund not assessable and not exempt income under section 128D of the ITAA 1936? | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: 40. Section 128D provides: Income other than income to which section 128B applies by virtue of subsection (2A), (2C) or (9C) of that section upon which withholding tax is payable, or upon which withholding tax would, but for paragraph 128B(3)(ga) ,(jb) or (m), section 128F , section 128FA or section 128GB , be payable, is not assessable income and is not exempt income of a person. 41. Section 128D provides that, inter alia , where withholding tax would be payable but for the operation of paragraph 128B(3)(jb), the income is not assessable income and is not exempt income. 42. As discussed in Question 1, Company B in its capacity as a trustee for the Fund, will be entitled to an exemption under paragraph 128B(3)(jb). 43. Therefore, the interest and dividend income derived by Company B in its capacity as trustee for the Fund from the Fund’s Australian investments will not be assessable income or exempt income under section 128D because the aforementioned income is income that would have been subject to withholding tax but for paragraph 128B(3)(jb) . | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: 44. As the requirements of paragraph 128B(3)(jb) have been met, the interest and dividend derived in Australia by Company B in its capacity as trustee for the Fund is not assessable and not exempt income under section 128D.