Private ruling: Foreign superannuation funds
Date of advice: 20 February 2025
Published: 31 March 2025
Ruling period: Year ended 30 June 202X
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 202X

Ruling: Q1: Is the Fund excluded from liability to withholding tax on interest, dividend and non-share dividend income derived from its investments listed in Appendix 1 in accordance with paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936)? | A1: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: Background 1. The Fund was established by an act (the Act) of the Government of Country X. The Fund is governed by the Act 2. The Fund is the funding vehicle for a retirement plan (the Plan). 3. The purpose of the Plan is to provide eligible members pension benefits in accordance with the plan. 4. Entity A is the trustee of the Fund and the Plan. The trustee is responsible for the Plan's operations and manages the investment assets. 5. Entity A's board consists of directors mutually appointed by industry groups and the Government. 6. Entity A's directors shall be a resident of Country X for the duration of their appointment. 7. Entity A's Board's role is to oversee sound administration of the Plan and the investment management of the Fund's assets. 8. Under the direction of Entity A, Entity C administers the pension benefits and investment assets of the Fund. 9. Membership for the plan is limited to those who are employed in Industry A. Funding of the Plan 10. Employers and employees are required to contribute a set percentage of earnings. 11. The maximum amount is an amount determined by the Country X's Tax Authority. 12. Members are required to contribute to the plan unless they have more than XX years of service in the Plan or are XX years of age or older. Tax Exemption 13. The Fund provided a letter from Country X's Tax Authority confirming that it is exempt from taxation in Country X. Retirement Eligibility 14. A member must meet certain age and service requirement to access their pension. 15. If a member accesses their pension early, the pension amount will be reduced. Benefits 16. Benefits of the Fund include: a. Standard pension: pension paid to member upon reaching retirement age. b. Death benefits: where a member dies, their pension funds are paid to their estate. Australian Investments 17. The Fund invests the assets of the fund. 18. The Fund has a portfolio of Australian equity investments. 19. These equity investments have the following characteristics: a. All are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). b. The Fund holds less than 10% of the total participation interests in each Australian company, trust, or real estate investment trust (REIT). c. The Fund would hold less than 10% of the total participation interests in each Australian company, trust, or REIT in the circumstances detailed in paragraph 128B(3CC)(b) of the ITAA 1936. d. Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, has involvement in the day-to-day management of the business of any Australian companies, trusts or REITS. e. Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, holds the right to appoint a director to the Board of Directors of any Australian companies or to the equivalent role in a trust or REIT. f. Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, has the ability to direct or influence the operation of any of the Australian companies, trusts or REITs outside of the ordinary rights conferred by the equity interest held. g. The Fund only holds rights to vote in proportion to its equity interest in each Australian company, trust or REIT. Additional Facts 20. The Fund was established in Country X, and its head office is located in Country X. The Certificate of Residency issued by the tax authorities of Country X confirms that the Fund is a resident of Country X. 21. The Fund was established and is maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents. 22. There is no indication that there is any contemplation of the Fund ending at a defined point in time and there is no expectation that the fund will be discontinued. 23. An amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has not been and cannot be deducted under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997). 24. A tax offset has not been allowed nor would be allowable for any amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund. 25. The income of the Fund is not non-assessable non-exempt income of the Fund because of: i. Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997; or, ii. Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997 .

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Paragraph 128B(3)(jb)

Reasons for decision: Summary: Section 128B of the ITAA 1936 imposes liability to withholding tax on income derived by a non-resident that consists of dividend income (subsection 128B(1) of the ITAA 1936), interest income (subsection 128B(2) of the ITAA 1936) and other income prescribed in that section. Subsection 128B(3) of the ITAA 1936 notes that section 128B of the ITAA 1936 will not apply to prescribed categories of income. Relevantly, paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 states: (jb) income that: i. is derived by a non-resident that is a superannuation fund for foreign residents; and ii. consists of interest, or consists of dividends or non-share dividends paid by a company that is a resident; and iii. is exempt from income tax in the country in which the non-resident resides; Subitem 3(1) of Part 2 of Schedule 3 of Treasury Laws Amendment (Making Sure Foreign Investors Pay Their Fair Share of Tax in Australia and Other Measures) Act 2019 (2019 Act) provides (subject to subitems (2) and (3)) that for income derived from 1 July 2019, the extra requirements in subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936 must also be met. These requirements are considered below. | Detailed Reasoning - Income that is derived: For paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 to apply, the superannuation fund for foreign residents must derive the relevant income. The Fund is the entity which holds the relevant investments and is paid the dividend income from the Australian resident companies, trusts or REITs. The Commissioner therefore accepts that the Fund derives the relevant income. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - A non-resident: The Fund is not a resident of Australia for tax purposes. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - A superannuation fund for foreign residents: The term 'superannuation fund for foreign residents' is a defined term in section 6 of the ITAA 1936 which states: superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997. Subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 sets out that: superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by section 118-520. Section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997 states the following: 1. A fund is a superannuation fund for foreign residents at a time if: a. at that time, it is: i. an indefinitely continuing fund; and ii. a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund; and b. it was established in a foreign country; and c. it was established, and is maintained at that time, only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents; and d. at that time, its central management and control is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident. 2. However, a fund is not a superannuation fund for foreign residents if: a. an amount paid to the fund or set aside for the fund has been or can be deducted under this Act; b. a tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount. Consequently, for the Fund to be considered a superannuation fund for foreign residents for the purposes of paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936, it must be established that: • The Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund • The Fund is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund • The Fund was established in a foreign country • The Fund was established and maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents • The central management and control of the Fund is carried on outside of Australia by entities, none of whom are Australian residents • No amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has been or can be deducted under this Act, and • No tax offsets have been allowed or would be allowable for an amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund. These requirements are considered below. | Detailed Reasoning - The fund is an indefinitely continuing fund: The legislation provides no guidance on the meaning of 'indefinitely continuing'. It is not a technical legal expression, and the ordinary meanings of 'indefinitely' and 'continuing' involve little ambiguity or controversy. The Macquarie Dictionary , [Online], www.macquariedictionary.com.au defines 'indefinitely' and 'continuing' as follows: Indefinite: 1. not definite; without fixed or specified limit; unlimited: an indefinite number. 2. not clearly defined or determined; not precise. • indefinitely, adverb Continue: (verb (Continued, continuing)) 1. to go forwards or onwards in any course or action; keep on. 2. to go on after suspension or interruption. 3. to last or endure. 4. to remain in a place; abide; stay. 5. to remain in a particular state or capacity There is no indication that there is any contemplation of the Fund ending at a defined point in time and there is no expectation that the Fund will be discontinued. Therefore, it is accepted that the Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund. | Detailed Reasoning - The fund is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund: The phrase 'provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund' under subparagraph 118-520(1)(a)(ii) of the ITAA 1997 is not defined in either the ITAA 1997 or the ITAA 1936. ATO Interpretative Decision ATO ID 2009/67 Income Tax: Superannuation fund for foreign residents (ATO ID 2009/67) provides guidance on the meaning of the phrase 'provident benefit, superannuation or retirement fund': None of the four descriptors 'provident', 'benefit', 'superannuation' or 'retirement fund' in subparagraph (a)(ii) of the definition of 'superannuation fund for foreign residents' in section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997 are defined. The terms have, however, been the subject of judicial consideration. The courts have held that for a fund to be a 'provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund', the fund's sole purpose must be to provide superannuation benefits, that is, benefits to a member upon the member reaching a prescribed age or upon their retirement, death or other cessation of employment ( Scott v. FC of T (No 2) (1966) 14 ATD 333; (1966) 10 AITR 290, per Windeyer J; Mahony v. FC of T (1967) 14 ATD 519, per Kitto J; Walstern Pty Ltd v. Commissioner of Taxation (2003) 138 FCR 1; 2003 ATC 5076; (2003) 54 ATR 423, per Hill J and Cameron Brae Pty Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (2007) 161 FCR 468; 2007 ATC 4936; (2007) 67 ATR 178, per Stone and Allsop JJ). Having regard to the terms of the deed of the Plan, it is considered that the Plan is a 'provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund' as that phrase has been interpreted by the relevant authorities. The sole purpose of the Plan is the provision of benefits to, or in respect of, participating employees who: • cease their employment upon or after reaching retirement age (age 60) • cease their employment after the satisfaction of certain service requirements • cease their employment because of death or total and permanent disability, or • reach age 70, whether or not they have ceased employment. Therefore, the Plan satisfies subparagraph (a)(ii) of the definition of 'superannuation fund for foreign residents' in section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997. The above establishes that for a fund to qualify as a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund, it must have the sole purpose of providing retirement benefits or benefits in other allowable contemplated contingencies (such as death, disability or serious illness). The purpose of the Fund is to provide employees with retirement or death benefits. Members can only access their retirement pensions from XX years of age for an unreduced pension, or from XX years of age for a reduced pension if the member has accumulated XX years of pensionable service. Members can only continue to work limited hours whilst receiving their retirement pension. Survivor benefits are provided in the event of the plan member's death. The circumstances in which a member of the Fund can receive the funds are consistent with those of a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund. As both the objective of the Fund and the actual operation of the Fund have the sole purpose of providing retirement benefits or benefits in alignment with other contemplated contingencies, the Fund is considered to be a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The fund was established in a foreign country: The Fund was established in Country X which is not Australia. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The fund was established and maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents: The Fund was established in Country X to provide eligible members with a service pension on retirement, and to provide a survivor pension to eligible survivors on the death of a member or pensioner who was a former member. The Fund's members are limited to those employed in Industry A. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The fund's central management and control is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident: Paragraphs 20 and 21 of Taxation Ruling TR 2008/9 Income tax: meaning of 'Australian superannuation fund' in subsection 295-95(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (TR 2008/9) states: 20. The CM&C of a superannuation fund involves a focus on the who, when and where of the strategic and high level decision making processes and activities of the fund. In the context of the operations of a superannuation fund, the strategic and high level decision making processes includes: • formulating the investment strategy for the fund; • reviewing and updating or varying the fund's investment strategy as well as monitoring and reviewing the performance of the fund's investments; • if the fund has reserves - the formulation of a strategy for their prudential management; and • determining how the assets of the fund are to be used to fund member benefits. 21. The other principal areas of operation of a superannuation fund that form part of the day-to-day or operational side of the fund's activities will not constitute CM&C. These activities do not form part of the CM&C of the fund because they are not of a strategic or high level nature. Rather, these activities are of a more formalistic or administrative nature. Examples of such activities include the acceptance of contributions that are made on a regular basis, the actual investment of the fund's assets, the fulfilment of administrative duties and the preservation, payment and portability of benefits. Furthermore, paragraphs 10 and 11 of the Taxation Ruling TR 2018/5 Income tax: Central Management and Control test of residency (TR 2018/5) states: 10.Central management and control refers to the control and direction of a company's operations. It does not refer to a physical location in which the control and direction of a company is located, and may ultimately be exercised in more than one location. 11. The key element in the control and direction of a company's operations is the making of high-level decisions that set the company's general policies, and determine the direction of its operations and the type of transactions it will enter. Entity A's board of directors is responsible for the administration and control of the Plan and the investment management of the Fund's assets. All directors on the board must be residents of Country X for the duration of the appointment. The Fund's head office is located in Country X. Based on the above, it is reasonable to conclude that the central management and control of the Fund occurs in Country X by entities that are not Australian residents. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. No amount paid to the fund or set aside for the fund has been or can be deducted under the ITAA 1997 and no tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount No amount paid to or set aside for the Fund has been or can be deducted under the ITAA 1997. A tax offset has not been allowed nor would be allowable for any amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: As all of the above requirements are satisfied, the Fund meets the requirements of being a superannuation fund for foreign residents as defined by section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997 for the purposes of subparagraph 128B(3)(jb)(i) of the ITAA 1936. | Detailed Reasoning - Income that consists of interest, or consists of dividends or non-share dividends paid by a company that is a resident: Paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 will only apply to interest, or to dividends and non-share dividends paid by Australian resident companies. The Fund derives dividend income from companies who are residents of Australia for tax purposes, and may derive interest. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Income that is exempt from income tax in the country in which the non-resident resides: The Fund has provided a letter from Country X's Tax Authority confirming that it is exempt from taxation in Country X. The Commissioner has accepted based on the facts and circumstances that the Fund is exempt from income tax in Country X. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936: The Treasury Laws Amendment (Making Sure Foreign Investors Pay Their Fair Share of Tax in Australia and Other Measures) Act 2019 introduced extra requirements in subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936 that must be met for paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 to apply. Generally, these extra requirements apply to income derived from 1 July 2019. Subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936 states: (3CA) Paragraph (3)(jb) applies to income derived by the superannuation fund mentioned in subparagraph (3)(jb)(i) only if: (a) the superannuation fund satisfies the portfolio interest test in subsection (3CC) in relation to the entity mentioned in subsection (3CB) (the test entity ): (i) at the time the income was derived; and (ii) throughout any 12 month period that began no earlier than 24 months before that time and ended no later than that time; and (b) the superannuation fund does not, at the time the income was derived, have influence of a kind described in subsection (3CD) in relation to the test entity; and (c) the income is not non-assessable non-exempt income of the superannuation fund because of: (i) Subdivision 880-C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 ; or (ii) Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997 . These requirements are considered below. | Detailed Reasoning - The fund satisfies the 'portfolio interest test': Subsection 128B(3CC) of the ITAA 1936 states: A superannuation fund satisfies the portfolio interest test in this subsection in relation to the test entity at a time if, at that time, the total participation interest (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 ) the superannuation fund holds in the test entity: (a) is less than 10%; and (b) would be less than 10% if, in working out the direct participation interest (within the meaning of that Act) that any entity holds in a company: (i) an equity holder were treated as a shareholder; and (ii) the total amount contributed to the company in respect of nonshare equity interests were included in the total paidup share capital of the company. The Fund holds less than 10% of the total participation interests in each of the Test Entities. Further, the Fund would hold less than 10% of the total participation interests in each of the Test Entities in the circumstances detailed in paragraph 128B(3CC)(b) of the ITAA 1936. The Fund therefore satisfies the 'portfolio interest test' in respect of its current investments. | Detailed Reasoning - The fund satisfies the 'influence test': Subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936 states: A superannuation fund has influence of a kind described in this subsection in relation to the test entity at a time if any of the following requirements are satisfied at that time: (a) the superannuation fund: (i) is directly or indirectly able to determine; or (ii) in acting in concert with others, is directly or indirectly able to determine; the identity of at least one of the persons who, individually or together with others, make (or might reasonably be expected to make) the decisions that comprise the control and direction of the test entity's operations; (b) at least one of those persons is accustomed or obliged to act, or might reasonably be expected to act, in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of the superannuation fund (whether those directions, instructions or wishes are expressed directly or indirectly, or through the superannuation fund acting in concert with others). As such, there are two distinct sub-tests within the influence test. Sub-test 1 of the influence test, as contained in paragraph 128B(3CD)(a) of the ITAA 1936, assesses whether the superannuation fund is able to determine the identity of at least one of the persons who, individually or together with others, makes or is reasonably expected to make, decisions comprising the control and direction of the test entity's operations. This includes situations where the superannuation fund is able to act in concert with others to determine the identity of a relevant decision-maker in the test entity. Sub-test 1 also extends to situations where the superannuation fund, in its own right, holds the ability to approve or veto decisions which go to the control or direction of the test entity. Sub-test 2 of the influence test, as contained in paragraph 128B(3CD)(b) of the ITAA 1936, assesses whether at least one of the relevant decision-making persons of the test entity is accustomed or obliged to act, or might reasonably be expected to act, in accordance with the direction, instructions or wishes of the superannuation fund. In respect of the Australian Investments: a. Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, has involvement in the day-to-day management of the business of any of the Australian companies, trusts or REITs. b. Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, has the right to appoint a director to the Board of Directors of any of the Australian companies or to an equivalent role in a trust or REIT. c. Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, holds the right to representation on any investor representative or advisory committee (or similar) for any of the Australian companies or a similar role for the trusts or REITs. d. Neither the Fund, nor any related party of the Fund, has the ability to direct or influence the operation of any of the Australian companies, trusts or REITs outside of the ordinary rights conferred by the equity interest held. e. The Fund has not entered into or received any side letters, arrangements or agreements. f. The Fund only hold rights to vote in proportion to its equity interest in each Australian company, trust or REIT and does not hold any veto rights on security holder votes. Based upon the above, the Commissioner accepts that the Fund does not have influence of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936. | Detailed Reasoning - Otherwise non-assessable non-exempt: The income received by the Fund from the Australian investments will not be non-assessable non-exempt income consequent to the operation of Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997 or Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997 . Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: Having regard to the requirements of paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936, the Fund is excluded from liability to withholding tax in relation to interest, dividend and non-share dividend income derived from its Australian investments listed in Appendix 1 of this Ruling.