Private ruling: Residency
Published: July 2011
Ruling period: Year ending 30 June 2011 | Year ending 30 June 2012 | Year ending 30 June 2013 | Year ending 30 June 2014
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2010

Ruling: Q1: Are you a resident of Australia for income tax purposes for the income years ended 30 June 2011, 30 June 2012, 30 June 2013 and 30 June 2014? | A1: No.

Relevant facts and circumstances: You are an Australian citizen. You left Australia in 19XX to live and work in Country A. You started work for an Australian State Department in 20XX and your work is based in Country A. You lived in rented accommodation in Country A. You have two bank accounts in Country A. You do not have a permanent place to live in Australia. You have a bank account in Australia. You have no social or sporting connections with Australia. You live in Country A with your family. You travel to Australia for business on visits usually no longer than seven days. You will not be present in Australia for more than 183 days continuously or intermittently during the income years ending 30 June 2011, 30 June 2012 and 30 June 2013 and 30 June 2014 respectively. Neither you nor your spouse were or are Commonwealth Government of Australia employees.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Subsection 6(1)

Reasons for decision: Summary: The terms resident and resident of Australia, in regard to an individual, are defined in subsection 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936). The definition provides four tests to ascertain whether a taxpayer is a resident of Australia for income tax purposes. These tests are: 1. The resides test (residence according to ordinary concepts) 2. The domicile and permanent place of abode test 3. The 183 day test 4. The Superannuation test The primary test for deciding the residency status of an individual is whether the individual resides in Australia according to the ordinary meaning of the word resides. If the primary test is satisfied the remaining three tests do not need to be considered as residency for Australian tax purposes has been established. Taxation Ruling IT 2650 provides guidelines for determining whether individuals who leave Australia to live overseas cease to be Australian residents for income tax purposes during their overseas stay. | Detailed Reasoning - 1. The resides test: The ordinary meaning of the word 'reside', according to the Macquarie Dictionary, 2001, rev. 3rd edition, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, NSW, is 'to dwell permanently or for a considerable time; having one's abode for a time', and according to the Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (1987), is 'to dwell permanently, or for a considerable time, to have one's settled or usual abode, to live in or at a particular place'. As you will be residing outside of Australia for the relevant periods, you are not considered to be residing in Australia for the purposes of the resides test. | Detailed Reasoning - 2. The domicile and permanent place of abode test: If a person is considered to have their domicile in Australia they will be considered an Australian resident unless the Commissioner is satisfied they have a permanent place of abode outside of Australia. IT 2650 in paragraph 8 states that a person retains the domicile of origin unless and until he or she acquires a domicile of choice in another country or until he or she acquires another domicile by operation of law. IT 2650 in paragraph 21 states that "in order to show that a new domicile of choice in a country outside Australia has been adopted, the person must be able prove an intention to make his or her home indefinitely in that country e.g. through having obtained a migration visa." You are an Australian citizen. Applying IT 2650 to your circumstances, your domicile of origin is Australia. | Detailed Reasoning - Permanent place of abode: The expression 'place of abode' refers to a person's residence, where they live with their family and sleep at night. In essence, a person's place of abode is that person's dwelling place or the physical surroundings in which a person lives. IT 2650 states in paragraph 14 that a permanent place of abode does not have to be 'everlasting' or 'forever'. It does not mean an abode in which a person intends to live for the rest of his or her life. An intention to return to Australia in the foreseeable future to live does not prevent the taxpayer in the meantime setting up a permanent place of abode elsewhere. IT 2650 states in paragraph 23 that a person's permanent place of abode is a question of fact to be determined in the light of all the circumstances of each case. Some of these factors which have been considered relevant include: a) the intended and actual length of the individual's stay in the overseas country; b) any intention either to return to Australia at some definite point in time or to travel to another country; c) the establishment of a home outside Australia; d) whether any residence or place of abode exists in Australia or has been abandoned because of the overseas absence; e) the duration and continuity of the individual's presence in the overseas country; and f) the durability of association that the individual has with a particular place in Australia. IT 2650 states in paragraph 24 that the weight of each factor will vary with the individual circumstances and no single factor is decisive. However, "greater weight should be given to factors c) the establishment of a home outside Australia, e) the duration and continuity of the individual's presence in the overseas country and f) the durability of association that the individual has with a particular place in Australia than to the remaining factors". In relation to factor a) the intended and actual length of the individual's stay in the overseas country, IT 2650 states in paragraph 25 that "a period of about two years or more would generally be regarded by [the ATO] as a substantial period…however…[this] is not conclusive and needs to be considered with all of the factors in paragraph 23 above." In relation to factor c) the establishment a home outside Australia, IT 2650 states in paragraph 28 that "the fact that an individual has established his or her home (in the sense of a dwelling place; a house or other shelter that is the fixed residence of a person, family or household) in an overseas country would tend to show that the place of abode in the overseas country is permanent". In relation to factor f) durability of association with a particular place in Australia, IT 2650 states in paragraph 29 that the maintenance of bank accounts in Australia is relevant. | Detailed Reasoning - Actual length of stay and continuity of presence in Country A: You left Australia in 19XX to live and work in Country A. Applying IT 2650 to your circumstances, it follows that as you have lived in Country A for more than two years, you had continuity of presence and your actual length of your stay in Country A was substantial. | Detailed Reasoning - Establishment of a home outside Australia: You lived in rented accommodation in Country A. You live in Country A with your family. Thus, you have established a home outside Australia in Country A because you have a permanent place to live in Country A with your family. | Detailed Reasoning - Whether any place of residence exists in Australia: You have stated that you do not have a permanent place to live in Australia. | Detailed Reasoning - Durability of association with a particular place in Australia: You have a bank account in Australia. You also have two bank accounts in Country A. You have no social or sporting connections with Australia. You travel to Australia for business on visits usually no longer than seven days. Thus, you do not have much durability of association with a particular place in Australia. | Detailed Reasoning - Weight of all factors: Weighing all the factors above in light of your individual circumstances, it is considered that it is considered that you established a permanent place of abode outside of Australia in Country A for the relevant periods. As the Commissioner is satisfied that you have a permanent place of abode outside of Australia, you are not a resident of Australia for income tax purposes under this test for the relevant periods. | Detailed Reasoning - 3. The 183-day test: Under this test, if you are actually present in Australia for more than half the income year, whether continuously or intermittently, you may be said to have a constructive residence in Australia unless it can be established that your usual place of abode is outside Australia and you have no intention to take up residence here. You will not be present in Australia for more than 183 days continuously or intermittently during the income years ending 30 June 2011, 30 June 2012 and 30 June 2013 and 30 June 2014 respectively. Thus, you will not be a resident under this test. | Detailed Reasoning - 4. The superannuation test: An individual is still considered to be a resident if that person is eligible to contribute to the Public Service Superannuation Scheme (PSS) or the Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme (CSS), or that person is the spouse or child under 16 of such a person. Generally Commonwealth Government employees are eligible to contribute to the PSS or CSS. Neither you nor your spouse were or are Commonwealth Government of Australia employees. Therefore, this test does not apply to you as you and your spouse were not employees of the Commonwealth Government of Australia. | Detailed Reasoning - Your residency status: As you are not a resident of Australia under any of the tests of residency outlined in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936, you are not an Australia resident for income tax purposes for the relevant periods.

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