Private ruling: Foreign superannuation fund - withholding tax exemption
Date of advice: 18 June 2024
Published: 29 July 2024
Ruling period: Year ending 30 June 20XX | Year ending 30 June 20XX | Year ending 30 June 20XX | Year ending 30 June 20XX | Year ending 30 June 20XX
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 20XX

Ruling: Q1: Is the Fund excluded from liability to withholding tax on its dividend income derived from its investments in Australia in accordance with paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936)? | A1: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: Background 1. The Fund was created on XX month 19XX under a trust agreement (the 'Trust Agreement'), between the Company and the Trustee. 2. The Fund invests on behalf of multiple pension or retirement plans (collectively, the 'Pension Plans') 3. The assets of the Fund are held by the Trustee. 4. The assets of the Fund consist of contributions made by the employers of the Pension Plan participants and income from investments using those contributions. 5. As per the Trust Agreement, the Trustee holds the Fund as a commingled fund in which each separate Pension Plan is deemed to have a proportionate undivided interest in the Fund. Contributions shall be designated by the Finance Committee (responsible for administering each Pension Plan) as allocable and distributions shall be designated by the Finance Committee as chargeable, to a particular Plan Account (being the interest of each Pension Plan in the Fund) and shall be so allocated or charged. 6. As per the Trust Agreement, the Finance Committee has delegated to the Retirement Plan Management Review Committee authority to act and carry out all of the Finance Committee's duties and responsibilities under the Trust Agreement. The Retirement Plan Management Review Committee has further delegated such authority to each of the Company's Director of Pension Investments and its Treasurer. 7. Contributions are made directly to the respective Plan Account within the Fund. 8. As per the Trust Agreement, the Finance Committee is the committee appointed by the Board of Directors of the Company which has the responsibility for various duties including monitoring the diversification of investments of the Fund and determining the propriety of investments of the Fund in foreign securities and maintaining the custody of foreign investments abroad. 9. As per the Trust Agreement, the Trustee shall make distributions from the Fund to such persons, and in such amounts, at such times and in such manner as the Company or its representative shall from time to time direct. The Trustee has no responsibility to ascertain whether any direction received by the Trustee from the Company or its representative is proper and in compliance with the terms of any Plan funded or to see to the application of any distribution. The Trustee has no obligation to search for or ascertain the whereabouts of any payee of benefits of the Fund. 10. As per the Trust Agreement, the Trustee may assume that each Plan and the Fund is exempt from taxation under the relevant tax law of a foreign country. 11. As per the Trust Agreement, neither Company nor the Finance Committee shall direct the Trustee to cause any part of the Fund to be diverted to any purpose other than the exclusive benefit of the Participants (being persons who were employees or former employees of the Company or of a subsidiary of the Company) and Beneficiaries (being persons designated to receive a benefit under a Plan after the death of a Participant) to be remitted to the Company or a subsidiary of the Company. 12. As per the Trust Agreement, the Trust Agreement is governed by the internal laws of a state in a foreign country. 13. The Fund has confirmed that: a. it is indefinitely continuing; b. it was established in a country other than Australia; c. it was established and is maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents; d. it carries on its central management and control outside of Australia by entities none of whom are Australian residents; e. it cannot deduct any amount paid to it under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) or ITAA 1936; f. no tax offsets would be allowable for an amount paid to it or set aside for it; g. its income is not non-assessable non-exempt income because of either: i. Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997, or ii. Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997 . Plans 14. None of the Pension Plans are defined contribution plans. 15. Each of the Pension Plans which have invested in the Fund: a. are managed separately from the Fund, and b. only invest via the Fund. 16. Whilst eligibility to participate in each of the Pension Plans is subject to each Pension Plan's own terms, their members are generally all employees of the Company or its subsidiaries. 17. The Pension Plans are not separate trusts to the Fund. Benefits (retirement, death, disability) 18. Each of the Pension Plans provide retirement benefits and some provide other benefits such as disability retirement benefits and benefits to surviving spouses or nominated beneficiaries of deceased participants. 19. Some of the Pension Plans provide early retirement benefits that are reduced by a certain percentage each year. 20. The Pension Plans do not allow for benefits in any other circumstances. Wind-up and insolvency 21. The Fund and the Plans do not have a contemplated end date. Tax status 22. The Fund is exempt from income tax under the relevant tax laws of a foreign country. Australian Investments 23. The Fund provided a list of its Australian investments and this list was included in the Ruling. 24. All of the Fund's investments in Australia are listed on the ASX and its total participation interest in each investment is well below 1%. 25. Further, the Fund confirmed that for each investment, the Fund: a. does not hold any right to appoint a person to a board, committee or similar, either directly or indirectly; b. has not entered into or received any side letters, arrangements or agreements; c. does not hold any veto rights on security holder votes; and d. does not hold any other influence potentially of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Paragraph 128B(3)(jb) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Section 128D | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 118-520

Reasons for decision: Summary: Section 128B of the ITAA 1936 imposes liability to withholding tax on income derived by a non-resident that consists of dividend income (subsection 128B(1) of the ITAA 1936), interest income (subsection 128B(2) of the ITAA 1936) as well as other income prescribed in that section. Subsection 128B(3) of the ITAA 1936 notes that section 128B of the ITAA 1936 will not apply to prescribed categories of income. Relevantly, paragraph 128B(3)(jb) provides an exclusion from withholding tax for interest, dividends and non-share dividends derived by a superannuation fund for foreign residents (subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions). Subsection 128B(3CA) provides additional requirements that must be met for an entity to be entitled to receive the exemption under paragraph 128B(3)(jb): (a) the superannuation fund satisfies the portfolio interest test in subsection (3CC) in relation to the entity mentioned in subsection (3CB) (the test entity): • at the time the income was derived; and • through any 12-month period that began no earlier than 24 months before that time and ended no later than that time; and (b) the superannuation fund does not, at the time the income was derived, have influence of a kind described in subsection (3CD) in relation to the test entity; and (c) the income is not non-assessable non-exempt income of the superannuation fund because of: • Subdivision 880-C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or • Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997. Each of these requirements is considered as set out below. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is a non-resident: The Fund is not a resident of Australia. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is a superannuation fund for foreign residents: Superannuation fund for foreign residents is a defined term in the ITAA 1936. Subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936 states: superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by subsection 995-1(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. Subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 sets out the following: superannuation fund for foreign residents has the meaning given by section 118-520. The term 'superannuation fund for foreign residents' is defined in section 118-520 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) as follows: | Detailed Reasoning - 118-520 Meaning of superannuation fund for foreign residents: (1) A fund is a superannuation fund for foreign residents at a time if: (a) at that time, it is: (i) an indefinitely continuing fund; and (ii) a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund; and (b) it was established in a foreign country; and (c) it was established, and is maintained at that time, only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents; and (d) at that time, its central management and control is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident. (2) However, a fund is not a superannuation fund for foreign residents if: (a) an amount paid to the fund or set aside for the fund has been or can be deducted under this Act; or (b) a *tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount. Consequently, for the Fund to be considered a superannuation fund for foreign residents for the purposes of paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936, it must be established that: | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund: The term 'indefinitely continuing fund' is not defined in either the ITAA 1997 or the ITAA 1936. Therefore, it should be given its ordinary meaning subject to the context in which it appears and having regard to any relevant case law authorities. The Australian Oxford Dictionary , 2004, Oxford University Press, Melbourne defines the term 'fund' as 1 a permanent stock of something ready to be drawn upon... 2 a stock of money, especially one set apart for a purpose. In Scott v. FC of T (No 2) (1966) 14 ATD 333; (1966) 10 AITR 290 (Scott) , Windeyer J expressed the view that 'fund' in the context of 'superannuation fund' ordinarily meant 'money (or investments) set aside and invested, the surplus income therefrom being capitalised'. Windeyer J's views in Scott were cited with approval by Hill J in Walstern Pty Ltd v. Commissioner of Taxation (2003) 138 FCR 1; 2003 ATC 5076; (2003) 54 ATR 423 who stated that 'for present purposes, the point is the need for "money" or "other property" to constitute a fund'. The general view is that an indefinitely continuing fund does not have to continue forever, but rather that the governing rules should not fix an express termination date. The Fund was created in a foreign country. The purpose of establishing the Fund was to provide retirement benefits to employees of the Company and employees of subsidiaries of the Company. The 'money or property set aside and invested' are contributions made by employers of participants and income from investments using those contributions from employers of participants. There is no indication in the Trust Agreement that the Fund has a contemplated end date. Additionally, the Fund has provided an attestation that confirms that the Fund is an indefinitely continuing fund. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund: The phrase 'a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund' under subparagraph 118-520(1)(a)(ii) is not defined in either the ITAA 1997 or the ITAA 1936. However, the phrase has been subject to judicial consideration. In Scott , the High Court examined the terms 'superannuation fund' and 'fund'. Justice Windeyer stated at ATD 351; AITR 312; ALJR 278 that: ... I have come to the conclusion that there is no essential single attribute of a superannuation fund established for the benefit of employees except that it must be a fund bona fide devoted as its sole purpose to providing for employees who are participants money benefits (or benefits having a monetary value) upon their reaching a prescribed age. In this connexion "fund", I take it, ordinarily means money (or investments) set aside and invested, the surplus income there from being capitalised. In a later case, Mahoney v. Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) (1967) 41 ALJR 232; (1967); 14 ATD 519; 10 AITR 463 (Mahoney case), the High Court took a similar view as in Scott, Justice Kitto expressed the view at ALJR 232; (1967); ATD 520; AITR 464 that: All that need be recognised is that just as 'provident' and 'superannuation' both referred to the provision of a particular kind of benefit - in the one case a provision against contemplated contingencies, and in the other case a provision, to arise on an employee's retirement or death or other cessation of employee, of a subvention for him or his estate or persons towards whom he may have stood in some kind of relation commonly giving rise to a legal or moral responsibility - so 'benefit' must have meant a benefit, not a general sense, but characterised by some specific future purpose. The court found that the expression takes its meaning from past usage and the meaning of the several expressions must be arrived at in light of their ordinary usage. As such, the term 'benefit' requires a purpose narrower than conferring benefits in a completely general sense. The benefit must be characterised by some future purpose. Likewise, a provident fund must not refer to the provision of funds in a general sense but must relate to a provision against contemplated contingencies. Both of the above mentioned cases emphasise that the benefits must be provided for a specific purpose and require that there is a connection between the benefit received and the provision by the fund for retirement or death of a member or against 'contemplated contingencies', such as death, disability or serious illness. The Fund provides defined retirement benefits, in accordance with the Pension Plans, to eligible Participants of the Pension Plans who are employees of the Company and employees of subsidiaries of the Company upon retirement, death or disability. The eligibility requirements are generally based upon a member's age and years of service. The alternate circumstances of access in this case, being death and disability, align to the contemplated contingencies of a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund was established in a foreign country: The Fund was established in a foreign country. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund was established and maintained only to provide benefits for individuals who are not Australian residents: The Fund was established and is maintained only to provide benefits to employees of the Company and employees of subsidiaries of the Company. It is considered that the possibility of a very small number of members being returned residents or becoming Australian residents after ceasing eligible employment is incidental and should not be taken to conclude that the Fund, in this case, has not been established and is not maintained only to provide benefits for non-residents, based on the rules and operation of the Fund. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund's central management and control is carried on outside Australia by entities none of whom is an Australian resident: Paragraphs 20 and 21 of Taxation Ruling TR 2008/9 Income tax: meaning of 'Australian superannuation fund' in subsection 295-95(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (TR 2008/9) states in respect of the central management and control (CM&C) of a superannuation fund: 20. The CM&C of a superannuation fund involves a focus on the who, when and where of the strategic and high level decision making processes and activities of the fund. In the context of the operations of a superannuation fund, the strategic and high level decision making processes includes: • formulating the investment strategy for the fund; • reviewing and updating or varying the fund's investment strategy as well as monitoring and reviewing the performance of the fund's investments; • if the fund has reserves - the formulation of a strategy for their prudential management; and • determining how the assets of the fund are to be used to fund member benefits. 21. The other principal areas of operation of a superannuation fund that form part of the day-to-day or operational side of the fund's activities will not constitute CM&C. These activities do not form part of the CM&C of the fund because they are not of a strategic or high level nature. Rather, these activities are of a more formalistic or administrative nature. Examples of such activities include the acceptance of contributions that are made on a regular basis, the actual investment of the fund's assets, the fulfilment of administrative duties and the preservation, payment and portability of benefits. Furthermore, paragraphs 10 and 11 of Taxation Ruling TR 2018/5 Income tax: central management and control test of residency (TR 2018/5) states: 10. Central management and control refers to the control and direction of a company's operations. It does not refer to a physical location in which the control and direction of a company is located and may ultimately be exercised in more than one location. 11. The key element in the control and direction of a company's operations is the making of high-level decisions that set the company's general policies and determine the direction of its operations and the type of transactions it will enter. The Fund has confirmed that Fund's central management and control is undertaken in a country that is not Australia by entities who are not Australian residents. Therefore, the Fund satisfies this requirement. No amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has been or can be deducted under the ITAA 1997 and no tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount Pursuant to subsection 118-520(2) of the ITAA 1997, a fund is not a superannuation fund for foreign residents if: a) an amount paid to the fund or set aside for the fund has been or can be deducted under the Act; or b) a tax offset has been allowed or is allowable for such an amount. An amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund has not been and cannot be deducted under the ITAA 1997. A tax offset has not been allowed nor would be allowable for any amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: As all of the above requirements are satisfied, the Fund meets the requirements of being a superannuation fund for foreign residents as defined by section 118-520 of the ITAA 1997 for the purposes of subparagraph 128B(3)(jb)(i) of the ITAA 1936. | Detailed Reasoning - The income, consisting of dividend income, is derived by the Fund: Subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936, along with paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 requires the superannuation fund for foreign residents to derive the interest, dividends or non-share dividends paid by Australian resident companies. The Fund invests directly into Australia and receives dividend income directly from its Australian investments. It will, therefore, derive the relevant income for the purposes of subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936 and paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936. | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund is exempt from income tax in the country in which the non-resident resides: The Fund is exempt from taxation on the dividend paid by Australian companies in a foreign country in accordance with the relevant taxation laws of that foreign country. Therefore, the Fund will satisfy this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Otherwise non-assessable non-exempt: The income received by the Fund will not be non-assessable non-exempt income because of Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997 or Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997 . Income derived by Fund would not be otherwise treated as not assessable and not exempt income by virtue of the above provisions. Accordingly, the above exclusion should not apply to exclude the Fund from entitlement to the withholding tax exemption for superannuation funds for foreign residents. | Detailed Reasoning - Subsection 128B(3CA) of the ITAA 1936: The Treasury Laws Amendment (Making Sure Foreign Investors Pay Their Fair Share of Tax in Australia and Other Measures) Act 2019 introduced extra requirements that must be met for paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936 to apply from 1 July 2019 onwards. Relevantly: i. The fund must satisfy the 'portfolio interest test' in relation to the test entity (subsection 128B(3CC) ii. The fund must satisfy the 'influence test' (subsection 128B(3CD) in relation to the test entity, and iii. The income cannot otherwise be non-assessable non-exempt income of the Fund because of: a. Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997, or b. Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997 . | Detailed Reasoning - The Fund satisfies the 'portfolio interest test': Subsection 128B(3CC) of the ITAA 1936 states: A superannuation fund satisfies the portfolio interest test in this subsection in relation to the test entity at a time if, at that time, the total participation interest (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 ) the superannuation fund holds in the test entity: (a) is less than 10%; and (b) would be less than 10% if, in working out the direct participation interest (within the meaning of that Act) that any entity holds in a company: (i) an equity holder were treated as a shareholder; and (ii) the total amount contributed to the company in respect of non-share equity interests were included in the total paid-up share capital of the company. Subsection 128B(3CB) defines the test entity to be either the entity that paid the interest, dividends or non-share dividends or, if subsection 128A(3) of the ITAA 1936 applies in relation to a resident trust estate, that trust estate. Subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997 defines total participation interest to have the meaning given by section 960-180 of the ITAA 1997, which states: An entity's total participation interest at a particular time in another entity is the sum of: (a) the entity's *direct participation interest in the other entity at that time; and (b) the entity's *indirect participation interest in the other entity at that time. A 'direct participation interest' that the Fund will have in a test entity is defined in the table in subsection 960-190(1) of ITAA 1997 and depends on what type of entity the other entity is. Item 1 of the table in subsection 960-190(1) and subsection 960-190(2) of the ITAA 1997 provide that a direct participation interest in a company is the 'direct control interest' (within the meaning of section 350 of the ITAA 1936 excluding the operation of subsections 350(6) and (7)) that the first entity holds in the other entity. Subsection 350(1) of the ITAA 1936 provides that an entity holds a direct control interest in a company at a particular time equal to the percentage of: (a) total paid up share capital (b) voting rights, or (c) rights to distributions of capital or profits that it holds in the company. Where there are different percentages in each of the above, the direct control interest is the greater or greatest of those percentages. Subsection 350(2) of the ITAA 1936 provides that where an entity holds different percentages of total rights to vote for the purposes of (b) above, the highest of those percentages applies in establishing the direct control interest. As per the facts, the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the total participation of any of the entities listed in the 'Australian Investments' section. In these circumstances, the Commissioner is satisfied that the total participation interest the Fund holds in the test entities: The Fund therefore satisfies the 'portfolio interest test' in respect of its Australian Investments. The Fund does not have influence of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936 in relation to the test entity at the time the income was derived Subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936 states: A superannuation fund has influence of a kind described in this subsection in relation to the test entity at a time if any of the following requirements are satisfied at that time: (a) the superannuation fund: (i) is directly or indirectly able to determine; or (ii) in acting in concert with others, is directly or indirectly able to determine; the identity of at least one of the persons who, individually or together with others, make (or might reasonably be expected to make) the decisions that comprise the control and direction of the test entity's operations; (b) at least one of those persons is accustomed or obliged to act, or might reasonably be expected to act, in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of the superannuation fund (whether those directions, instructions or wishes are expressed directly or indirectly, or through the superannuation fund acting in concert with others). As such, there are two distinct sub-tests within the influence test. Sub-test 1 of the influence test, as contained in paragraph 128B(3CD)(a) of the ITAA 1936, assesses whether the Fund is able to determine the identity of at least one of the persons who, individually or together with others, makes or is reasonably expected to make, decisions comprising the control and direction of the test entity's operations. This includes situations where the Fund is able to act in concert with others to determine the identity of a relevant decision-maker in the test entity. Sub-test 1 also extends to situations where the Fund, in its own right, holds the ability to approve or veto decisions which go to the control or direction of the test entity. Sub-test 2 of the influence test, as contained in paragraph 128B(3CD)(b) of the ITAA 1936, assesses whether at least one of the relevant decision-making persons of the test entity is accustomed or obliged to act, or might reasonably be expected to act, in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of the Fund. Relevantly, in respect of the investments listed in the relevant facts and circumstances of this Ruling: Accordingly, the Fund does not have influence of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936 in respect of its Australian investments. the Fund does not have capacity to influence (either directly or indirectly) the day-to-day management of the operations of their investments. Consequently, the Commissioner accepts that the Fund does not have influence of a kind described in subsection 128B(3CD) of the ITAA 1936. The income received by the Fund is not non-assessable and non-exempt income of the Fund because of Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997 or Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997 The income received by the Fund will not be non-assessable non-exempt income because of Subdivision 880-C of the ITAA 1997 or Division 880 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997 . The Fund therefore satisfy this condition in respect of its Australian investments. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: The Fund is excluded from withholding tax in relation to dividend income derived from its Australian investments as the Fund has met the requirements under paragraph 128B(3)(jb) of the ITAA 1936.

The central management and control of the Fund is carried on outside of Australia by entities none of whom are Australian residents | No tax offsets have been allowed or would be allowable for an amount paid to the Fund or set aside for the Fund. | is less than 10% pursuant to paragraph 128B(3CC)(a) of the ITAA 1936 at all relevant times; and | would be less than 10% in the circumstances detailed in paragraph 128B(3CC)(b) of the ITAA 1936 at all relevant times. | Neither the Fund, nor any related party, is involved in the day to day management of the business of any of the Australian companies or trusts. | Neither the Fund, nor any related party, has the right to appoint a director to the Board of Directors of the Australian company, Australian debt issuer or equivalent role in a trust. | Neither the Fund, nor any related party, holds the right to representation on any investor representative or advisory committee (or similar) of the Australian companies or trusts. | Neither the Fund, nor any related party, has the ability to direct or influence the operation of the Australian companies or trusts outside of the ordinary rights conferred by the equity interest held. | The Fund has not entered into or received any side letters, arrangements or agreements. | The Fund only holds rights to vote in proportion to its equity interest in each of the Australian companies or trusts.