Private ruling: CGT - main residence exemption
Date of advice: 28 October 2021
Published: February 2022
Ruling period: Year ended 30 June 20XX | Year ending 30 June 20XX
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 20XX

Ruling: Q1: Are you a resident of Australia for taxation purposes? | A1: Yes. | Q2: Will you get a full main residence exemption on your property if sold within the 20XX income year? | A2: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: You are a citizen of Country Y by birth. You moved to Australia a number of years ago. You became an Australian citizen in 20XX. You are a professional. Your immediate family (parents, sibling) and extended family all reside in country Y. You and your spouse have X children who were born in Australia. The children are dual citizens. In the 20XX income year you and your family temporarily moved to Country Y for you to engage in some mandatory training. This training will take X years. You are also undertaking a XXXX in Australia and have commitments in relation to this as well. Your spouse is also a professional and is able to carry out their work in Australia remotely in Country Y. You and your family are currently living with your parents in Country Y. You have no legal interest in this property and you are not paying rent or any other expenses other than food. You own no furnishings in the house. Your furniture and other personal assets have remained in Australia. Transport in country Y is limited to public transport, car hire and borrowing from family. There is no intention to acquire a motor vehicle due to the temporary nature of your stay. Your children attend school in Country Y. You and your spouse have a family home in Australia which was purchased in 20XX. The property is being rented out in Australia. The lease of the property coincides with your intended return in 20XX. You elect under the absence rule to treat the property in Australia as your main residence for the period it is rented out for up to 6 years. You will treat no other property as your main residence for the same period. You and your spouse continue to maintain two joint bank accounts with XXXX in Australia. You have superannuation with XXXX. You and your spouse were planning to take regular trips back to Australia for professional reasons but couldn't do so since you left due to the Covid-19 international travel restrictions. You and your spouse are not eligible to contribute to the PSS or the CSS Commonwealth super funds.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 6(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subdivision 118-B | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 995-1

Reasons for decision: Summary: Section 995-1 of the Income tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) defines an Australian resident for tax purposes as a person who is a resident of Australia for the purposes of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936). The terms resident and resident of Australia, as applied to an individual, are defined in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936. The definition offers four tests to ascertain whether each individual taxpayer is a resident of Australia for income tax purposes. These tests are: • the resides test, • the domicile test, • the 183 day test, and • the superannuation test. The primary test for deciding the residency status of an individual is whether they reside in Australia according to the ordinary meaning of the word resides. Where an individual does not reside in Australia according to ordinary concepts, they will still be an Australian resident if they meet the conditions of one of the other tests. | Detailed Reasoning - The resides test: The ordinary meaning of the word 'reside', according to the Macquarie Dictionary , 2001, rev. 3 rd edition, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, NSW, is 'to dwell permanently or for a considerable time; having one's abode for a time', and according to the Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (1987), is 'to dwell permanently, or for a considerable time, to have one's settled or usual abode, to live in or at a particular place'. These definitions have been highlighted in cases as being definitive observations of the meaning of resides (see Viscount LC in Levene v Commissioners of Inland Revenue [1928] AC 217 and Logan J in Stockton v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2019] FCA 1679). The observations contained in the case of Hafza v Director-General of Social Security (1985) 6 FCR 444 are also important: Physical presence and intention will coincide for most of the time. But few people are always at home. Once a person has established a home in a particular place - even involuntarily: see Commissioners of Inland Revenue v Lysaght [1928] AC 234 at 248; and Keil v Keil [1947] VLR 383 - a person does not necessarily cease to be resident there because he or she is physically absent. The test is whether the person has retained a continuity of association with the place - Levene v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1928] AC 217 at 225 and Judd v Judd (1957) 75 WN (NSW) 147 at 149 - together with an intention to return to that place and an attitude that that place remains " home ": see Norman v Norman (No 3) (1969) 16 FLR 231 at 235... [W]here the general concept is applicable, it is obvious that, as residence of a place in which a person is not physically present depends upon an intention to return and to continue to treat that place as " home ", a change of intention may be decisive of the question whether residence in a particular place has been maintained. Case law decisions have considered the following factors in relation to whether the taxpayer was a resident under the 'resides' test: • Physical presence • Intention or purpose of presence • Family and business/employment ties • Maintenance and location of assets, and • Social and living arrangements These factors are similar to those which the Commissioner has said are relevant in determining the residency status of individuals in IT 2650 and Taxation Ruling TR 98/ 17 Income tax: residency status of individuals entering Australia . It is important to note that not one single factor is decisive, and the weight given to each factor depends on each individual's circumstances. The Commissioner considers that you are still residing in Australia according to ordinary concepts as your intention is to return to Australia after your temporary travel to Country Y. It has never been your intention to move to Country Y on a permanent basis. You are maintaining sufficient continuity of association with Australia through your professional work and your spouse's work. You are living with family in Country Y and are living as a person would if temporarily residing somewhere. You are a resident under this test. | Detailed Reasoning - Domicile test: Under the domicile test, you are a resident of Australia if your domicile is in Australia unless the Commissioner is satisfied that your permanent place of abode is outside Australia. | Detailed Reasoning - Domicile: Whether your domicile is Australia is determined by the Domicile Act 1982 and the common law rules on domicile. Your domicile is your domicile of origin (usually the domicile of your father at the time of your birth) unless you have acquired a domicile of choice elsewhere. To acquire a domicile of choice of a particular country you must be lawfully present there and you must hold the positive intention to make that country your home indefinitely. Your domicile continues until you acquire a different domicile. Whether your domicile has changed depends on an objective consideration of all relevant facts. In your case, you were born in Country Y and your domicile of origin is Country Y. Your domicile of choice is Australia as you became a citizen in 20XX. It is considered that you abandoned your domicile of origin in Country Y and you acquired a domicile of choice in Australia. You are a resident under this test. | Detailed Reasoning - Permanent place of abode: If you have an Australian domicile, you are an Australian resident unless the Commissioner is satisfied that your permanent place of abode is outside Australia. This is a question of fact to be determined in light of all the facts and circumstances of each case. 'Permanent' does not mean everlasting or forever, but it is to be distinguished from temporary or transitory. The courts have held that the phrase 'permanent place of abode' calls for a consideration of the town or country where a person is located. It does not extend to more than one country, or a region of the world. The Full Federal Court in Harding v Commissioner of Taxation [2019] FCA 29 held at paragraphs 36 and 40 that key considerations in determining whether a taxpayer has his or her permanent place of abode outside Australia are: (a) whether the taxpayer has definitely abandoned, in a permanent way, living in Australia; and (b) whether the taxpayer is living permanently in a specific country. Paragraph 23 of Taxation Ruling IT 2650 Residency - Permanent place of abode outside Australia sets out the following factors which are used by the Commissioner in reaching a state of satisfaction as to a taxpayer's permanent place of abode: (a) the intended and actual length of the taxpayer's stay in the overseas country; (b) whether the taxpayer intended to stay in the overseas country only temporarily and then to move on to another country or to return to Australia at some definite point in time; (c) whether the taxpayer has established a home (in the sense of dwelling place; a house or other shelter that is the fixed residence of a person, a family, or a household), outside Australia; (d) whether any residence or place of abode exists in Australia or has been abandoned because of the overseas absence; (e) the duration and continuity of the taxpayer's presence in the overseas country; and (f) the durability of association that the person has with a particular place in Australia, i.e. maintaining assets in Australia, informing government departments such as the Department of Social Security that he or she is leaving permanently and that family allowance payments should be stopped, place of education of the taxpayer's children, family ties and so on. As with the factors under the resides test, no one single factor is decisive, and the weight given to each factor depends on the individual circumstances. The Commissioner is not satisfied that your permanent place of abode is outside Australia. This takes into account that: • you do not intend on being in Country Y on a permanent basis • the lease on your main residence coincides with your intention to return to Australia • you are maintaining professional connections in Australia You are a resident of Australia under the domicile test outlined in the definition of 'resident' in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936. | Detailed Reasoning - 183-day test: Where a person is present in Australia for 183 days during the year of income the person will be a resident, unless the Commissioner is satisfied that the person's usual place of abode is outside Australia and the person does not intend to take up residence in Australia. You were not in Australia for more than 183 days in the 2021 income year and you do not intend on being in Australia for more than 183 days in the 2022 income year. You are not a resident under this test. | Detailed Reasoning - Superannuation Test: An individual is a resident of Australia if they are either a member of the superannuation scheme established by deed under the Superannuation Act 1990 or an eligible employee for the purposes of the Superannuation Act 1976, or they are the spouse, or the child under 16, of such a person. You are not a contributing member of the Public Sector Superannuation Scheme (PSS) or the Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme (CSS) or a spouse of such a person, or a child under 16 of such a person. Therefore, you are not a resident under this test. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: You are a resident of Australia for taxation purposes. | Detailed Reasoning - Treating the property as your main residence once you move out: As a general rule, a dwelling is no longer your main residence once you stop living in it. However, in some cases you can choose to have a dwelling treated as your main residence for CGT purposes even though you no longer live in it. When you use the dwelling to produce income (for example, you rent it out or it is available for rent) you can choose to treat it as your main residence for up to six years after you cease living in it. If you make this choice and treat your property as your main residence, you cannot treat any other dwelling as your main residence for that period. You elect to treat the Australian property as your main residence for up to 6 years. You will not treat any other property as your main residence for the same period. You are able to get a full main residence exemption on your property in Australia if you sell it within the 2022 income year.