Private ruling: Tax Exempt Entity
Date of advice: 18 November 2021
Published: February 2022
Ruling period: 1 July 20xx to 30 June 20xx | 1 July 20xx to 30 June 20xx
Date scheme commenced: DD MMM 20XX

Ruling: Q1: After the proposed restructure, will Entity Y be exempt from income tax pursuant to item 9.1(c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)? | A1: Yes

Relevant facts and circumstances: Background Entity X, which is related to Entity Y, originated from a club for a specific sport which was formed more than a century ago. At extraordinary general meetings of each of the Entity X and another related club, the respective members clubs passed special resolutions to amalgamate the two entities under Part 9 Division 2 of the Associations Incorporations Act 1981 , effective from DD MMM 20XX On DD MMM 20XX, the Department of Justice and Attorney General approved the amalgamation and registered the new amalgamated entity (Entity X). Entity X operates in a specific location of a State within Australia. The lease to this site was originally granted to another sporting entity as the leaseholder in 19XX. Entity X took over the lease in its own right a few years later. Notwithstanding the size increase in playing and member numbers, Entity X has struggled financially, relying heavily on playing subscriptions and the benevolence of local sponsors and benefactors. Through the past decade, infrastructure costs, such as power, water, electricity and telecommunications has increased. Previous funding has ceased and now Entity X pays annual levies and charges to various bodies to participate in the sport. Rates of volunteerism has been decreasing. Following the merger in 20XX, the management committee undertook a strategic plan to map the future of Entity X and seek avenues for the Entity to promote the participation of the game of the sport in a financial sustainable manner. A key aspect to the strategic plan was to pursue a redevelopment of facilities from the very modest clubhouse and grounds, to a modern facility. A logical extension of this was the introduction of commercial tenancies and partnerships to drive passive income to Entity X. During the course of the 20XX-20XX community consultation of the proposal occurred, an approval was lodged with the relevant City Council in 20XX. The proposed development will involve x commercial buildings and an upgrade of club facilities, change rooms, gym and canteen. Proposed restructure The current management committee are of the opinion that the proposed redevelopment requires a different structure to achieve efficiencies in the management of the Entity's assets. This structure requires a separation of the commercial aspects of the redevelopment away from sporting and club operations. It is proposed that there be two separate entities: • a newly incorporated entity (Entity Y) will be established to hold and manage the commercial assets, and • Entity X will continue to manage all sporting activities. Both entities will exist solely for the purpose to foster, promote and encourage the development of the specific sport and all forms of sport for the benefit of males and females wishing to partake in the game in all its forms. Entity Y will have a specific objective to provide financial assistance to Entity X through the payment of a Playing Fee on an ongoing basis. The main objective for Entity Y will be to provide Entity X with all surpluses. At the date of this ruling, there is no formal structured funding arrangement between the proposed entity, Entity Y, and Entity X regarding the payment fee. Entity Y's constitution does not impose an enforceable obligation for the payment fee, other than the object of Entity Y to provide financial support to Entity X or to pay the Playing Fee annually. The amount of the playing fee will be determined by the Board of Entity Y in their sole discretion and will be based on the available cashflow and surplus of Entity Y after allocating debt amortisation and capital replacement fund obligations. It is anticipated that in years x to xx, after completion of construction, there will be minimal/small cash surpluses available for the payment of the playing grant. This is because the desired debt amortisation schedule has been established at xx years and the majority of the net rental return will be required to retire the debt. Following the retirement of debt, the capital replacement fund obligations commence, in year xx. This is a relevant City Council requirement and imposes the obligation to commit x% (of construction costs) as cash commitment to a capital replacement fund held in the name of the New Entity (xx year provision). The purpose of the capital replacement fund is for Entity Y to set aside cash reserves for future improvements and upgrades. Following year xx it is projected that greater cashflow will be available to allow the payment of the playing grant. It is proposed that Entity X will continue to be responsible for: a. operating sporting activities, b. sponsorships, c. memberships, d. merchandise, and e. operation of canteens and bars for game day and training nights. It is proposed that the following assets be retained by Entity X: a. relevant City Council lease associated with the clubhouse and playing fields b. Sporting equipment, c. Merchandise, d. Office equipment, and e. Existing investment assets. It is proposed that Entity X will transfer its lease of commercial buildings to Entity Y. Entity Y will be responsible for the lease fees paid to the relevant City Council. Entity Y will sublease the playing fields to Entity X for an annual rental. It is proposed that Entity Y will take the lead role in fundraising events in relation to the redevelopment activities. These events will be advertised to the general public and it is proposed that Entity Y members will receive a member discount. It is proposed that Entity Y will undertake these events in their own right or in partnership with Entity X. It is proposed that BRL will have custody of the following assets: a. Physical building assets worth $XX million, b. Future surpluses, capital replacement and sinking funds, c. Future investment assets subject to the investment strategy of BRL. It is proposed that Entity Y will have custody of a long term bank debt associated with the construction of the physical building assets. It is proposed that Entity Y will have custody of the following: a. Management of the commercial aspects of the commercial tenancies b. Negotiating lease agreement and collection of rents c. Payment of rates and annual lease fees to the relevant City Council and other entities, d. Payment of repairs and maintenance of the asset for the entire facility and allocation of funds for capital replacement and sinking fund requirements, and e. Liability and indemnity insurances associated with the assets held. The commercial reasons for this legal structural separation are: a. Creating the separation of entities will allow the creation of 2 separate board of directors/management committees. The skill sets required for each entity are different. This will allow those people knowledgeable about the nuances of running a sporting club to run Entity X and those people knowledgeable about management of property assets and investment strategies can run Entity Y. b. Each board of directors/management committee will require sufficient corporate governance to ensure the ongoing financial viability of each entity in their own right. c. As both Entity X and Entity Y will co-exist for the sole purposes of benefitting the specific sport, it is imperative that the financial management of both entities is clearly transparent. It must be clearly demonstrable that any financial surpluses of Entity Y are clearly identified and allocated solely to Entity X in order for it to meet its objectives (being to foster, promote and encourage and development of the specific sport and all forms of sport for the benefit of males and females wishing to partake in the game in all its forms). d. The proposed restructure is not inconsistent with what occurs in normal corporate businesses with good corporate governance principles. e. Given the obligations and risks surrounding the servicing and repayment of the very substantial debt which the development has created, it is considered desirable to insulate the commercial and playing activities from each other to ensure that difficulties or defaults by one entity does not impact adversely on the viability or continuation of the other. f. Entity X has made a development application with the relevant City Council for the redevelopment of the buildings and club facilities as its home ground. g. The redevelopment will compose of numerous stages h. It is intended that redeveloped commercial assets of certain stages would be held by Entity Y. It is proposed that the assets of those stages will be primarily income producing to support the debt funding and provide surplus payments to Entity X. i. Under the current relevant City Council guidelines they have a preference to see community assets, on leasehold land, that hold an element of debt funding to be in a separate entity, other than the operating sporting or recreation entity. j. The commercial tenants have not been determined. However, the relevant City Council Sport and Recreation Zone code will limit the type of tenant to those services that hold compatible land uses to sport and recreation. k. Although a tenant has not been selected for these areas there is a primary objective to select a tenant that will facilitate both direct and indirect benefit to the specific sport and other sports and to members of Entity Y and Entity X through access, services or partnering programs. The proposed new entity Entity Y will be registered under the Corporations Act 2001 as a company limited by guarantee. Entity Y will be governed by its proposed constitution which contains provisions setting out the manner in which the members have agreed to conduct the internal administration of the company. The definitions in the constitution include the following terms: Company means Entity Y; Playing Club means Entity X. Sport means the specific sport that Entity Y encourages, and all forms of sport, for the benefit of males and females across all ages and abilities, from beginners to elite. The objects of Entity Y as outlined in its constitution are to foster, promote and encourage the development of a specific sport. Entity Y will be a 'not for profit' organisation as defined in its Constitution.

Relevant legislative provisions: Section 50-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 | Section 50-45 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 | Section 50-47 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 | Section 50-70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997

Reasons for decision: Summary: Section 50-1 of the ITAA 1997 exempts from income tax the total ordinary and statutory income of an entity covered by section 50-45 of the ITAA 1997. Additionally, section 50-47 of the ITAA 1997 provides a special condition for all entities covered by section 50-1 of the ITAA 1997, it states: An entity that: (a) is covered by any item; and (b) is an ACNC type of entity; is not exempt from income tax unless the entity is registered under the Australian Charities and Not-for profits Commission Act 2012. An entity is 'an ACNC type of entity' if it has a charitable purpose. BRL does not have a charitable purpose, per the ATO Commissioner's view in Taxation Ruling TR 2011/4 Income tax and fringe benefits tax: charities , and therefore is not required to be registered with the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission to be exempt from income tax. Item 9.1(c) of the table in section 50-45 of the ITAA 1997 provides that a society, association or club established for the encouragement of a game or sport shall be an exempt entity, subject to special conditions in section 50-70 of the ITAA 1997. Subsection 50-70(1) of the ITAA 1997 states: An entity covered by item 1.7, 2.1, 9.1 or 9.2 is not exempt from tax unless the Entity is a society, association or club that is not carried on for the purpose of profit or gain of its individual members and that: (a) has a physical presence in Australia and, to that extent, incurs its expenditure and pursues its objectives principally in Australia; or (b) is a society, association or club that meets the description and requirements in item 1 of the table in section 30-15; or (c) is a prescribed society, association or club which is located outside Australia and is exempt from income tax in the country in which it is resident. And the entity satisfies the conditions in subsection (2). Subsection 50-70(2) of the ITAA 1997 states: The entity must: (a) comply with all the substantive requirements in its governing rules; (b) apply its income and assets solely for the purpose for which the entity is established. Accordingly, to be an exempt entity described in item 9.1(c) of the table in section 50-45 of the ITAA 1997, an entity must: (a) be a society, association or club; (b) be established for the encouragement of a game or sport; and (c) meet the special conditions specified in sections 50-47 and 50-70 of the ITAA 1997. | Detailed Reasoning - (a) Society, association, or club: The words 'society', 'association' or 'club' are not defined in the ITAA 1997 and have their ordinary meaning. The Macquarie Dictionary defines 'club' as a 'group of persons organised for a social, literary, sporting, political, or other purpose, regulated by rules agreed by its members'. The proposed new entity, Entity Y will be registered under the Corporations Act 2001 as a public company limited by guarantee. Entity Y will be managed by its Board. The members pursue a common purpose. They will be governed by the rules outlined in its constitution. The proposed new entity, Entity Y will be a society, association or club for the purposes of section 50-45 of the ITAA 1997. | Detailed Reasoning - (b) Established for the encouragement of a game or sport: Game or sport The terms 'game' or 'sport' for the purposes of section 50-45 of the ITAA 1997 are not defined in the ITAA 1997 and have their ordinary meanings. Draft Taxation Ruling TR 2021/D6 Income Tax: the games and sports exemption (TR 2021/D6) which replaces Taxation Ruling TR 97/ 22W Income tax: exempt sporting clubs withdrawn provides the Commissioner's view on what constitutes an exempt sporting club. TR 2021/D6 provides a non-exhaustive list of activities that are considered a 'sport' for the purposes of section 50-45 of the ITAA 1997 (at paragraph 26). The specific sport that Entity Y encourages is a sport for the purposes of item 9.1(c) of the table in section 50-45 of the ITAA 1997. Encouragement Paragraph 29 of TR 2021/D6 provides guidance on the term 'encouragement'. 'Encouragement' is not a defined term and takes its ordinary meaning. The ordinary meaning of encouragement (or the act of encouraging) has been described as stimulating by assistance or approval, including through direct or indirect means. Paragraph 42 of TR 2021/D6 further provides direct or indirect activities that indicate the encouragement of a game or sport can include: • forming, preparing and entering teams and competitors in competitions in the game or sport, • co-ordinating activities, • organising and conducting tournaments, • improving the abilities of participants, • improving the standard of trainers and coaches, • providing purchased or leased facilities for the activities of the game or sport for the use of club members and visitors, or • encouraging increased and wider participation and improved performance, • marketing, • initiating or facilitating research and development, and • facilitating the activities by making a financial or in-kind contribution to an organisation that performs them. Entity Y's objective as stated in its proposed Constitution is to foster, promote and encourage the development of the Sport. Once the restructure occurs, Entity Y proposed to undertake the following activities to encourage sport: • provide funding to Entity X to enable it to undertake extensive sporting and related activities, • provide facilities for use by Entity X sporting teams, • provide the playing fields for use by Entity X, and • be responsible for the lease fees paid to the relevant city council, insurance and maintenance of the entire facility. Entity Y will sublease the playing fields to Entity X for an annual rental. It may recoup some of the annual maintenance costs. Entity Y's activities will actively encourage sport. Therefore, the second test remains satisfied. Main purpose Paragraph 30 of TR 2021/D6 states that determining the main purpose of a club requires an objective evaluation of all material facts and circumstances. There is no set formula for weighing up the characteristics of a club to determine its main purpose. Paragraph 36 of TR 2021/D6 list a number of factors that have been identified by courts and tribunals as relevant when considering purpose. This includes: • emphasis in the club's constituent documents that the main purpose is to encourage a game or sport • extent of sporting activities • the conduct of activities directly related to the game or sport • a high level of member participation in the game or sport • promotion of the organisation to patrons and the public as one that encourages a game or sport • involvement of the committee of management in the promotion of sport • the use of surplus funds for encouraging the game or sport • the provision of financial and in-kind support for encouraging the game or sport. Activities and purpose is further explained in paragraphs 37 to 41 of TR 2021/D6; 37. The activities undertaken by a club are an important consideration in determining whether it qualifies for the games and sports exemption. However, activities considered in isolation do not demonstrate the purpose of a club. 38. Activities are commonly a means to an end. Activities can serve the purpose of encouraging a game or sport and other independent non-sporting purposes. All of the club's activities must be objectively weighed against the objects, history and control of the club to determine the main purpose for which it is established in a particular year. 39. An activity like the organisation of, or participation in, sporting competitions can be readily understood as advancing a purpose of encouraging a game or sport. 40. Where a club derives its revenue from commercial operations, the club needs to objectively determine the extent to which commercial operations are a means to the end of advancing the sporting purpose, or are advancing some other purpose. 41. A club can demonstrate a purpose of encouraging a game or sport where it provides financial and in kind contributions to other organisations that directly conduct those activities. To demonstrate a main purpose of encouraging a game or sport, a club that does not directly conduct any games or sports will need to objectively show that the activities it carries out are a means to that end. The fact that a club undertakes other activities does not, of itself, preclude a club from being exempt. As noted by Lockhart J in Cronulla Sutherland Leagues Club Limited v FC of T 90 ATC 4215 at 4225, where an association conducts other activities, which are merely ancillary or incidental or secondary to the encouragement of the game or sport, we accept that the main purpose may be that of encouragement. In contrast, where an association's main purpose is the undertaking of these other activities, the exemption does not apply. In order for an entity to be exempt as a club established for the encouragement of a game or sport, the revenue raising purposes must remain only a means to a sporting end. If they become an end in themselves, it will be difficult for a club to demonstrate that it is predominantly for the encouragement of a game or sport. In this case, the factors mentioned at paragraph 36 of TR 2021/D6 are considered below to determine purpose for Entity Y. Entity Y's proposed constitution sets out its objects being to foster, promote and encourage the development of a specific sport, use and maintain the playing fields for the specific sport which emphasise the main purpose of Entity Y is to encourage the specific sport. The activities of the proposed new entity, Entity Y are directly related to the specific sport and all forms of sport: • Through its facilities, Entity Y will provide and maintain the playing fields, dressing rooms and a gymnasium for the use of sportsperson associated with Entity X. • Entity Y will also be responsible for the lease of the grounds from the relevant city council (sublease to Entity X) and maintenance of the fields. • Entity Y will have a specific objective to provide financial assistance to Entity X through the payment of a Playing Fee. It is proposed Entity Y will use a significant proportion of its surplus funds in encouraging the sport. As this is a proposed transaction the extent of funds provided by paying the playing grant remains unknown, but it is accepted that there is an intention to provide surplus funds to Entity X as soon as it is able to do so. • Entity Y will be controlled by members that have an interest in development of sport. A person can only apply for membership if they are committed to the objects of Entity Y. The Constitution sets out the voting rights of members in Entity Y and their eligibility to attend general meetings. Members present will be able to vote at a general meeting. • Additionally, the proposed Constitution prescribes that Entity Y will be managed by a board of directors who must be members of Entity Y that are concerned with encouraging the game and/or sport | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion - Main Purpose: After consideration of the features discussed above, it is considered that Entity Y will be formed principally for the encouragement of a game or sport. Therefore, Entity Y will be established for the encouragement of a game or sport. | Detailed Reasoning - (c) meet the special conditions specified in sections 50-47 and 50-70 of the ITAA 1997.: Non-profit requirement Subsection 50-70(1) of the ITAA 1997 requires that the club not be carried on for the purpose of profit or gain to its individual members. This is known as the non-profit requirement. Where members, in their individual capacity, are to receive benefits from an association it will fail the non-profit test. A club usually ensures they operate on a non-profit basis by including non-profit clauses in their constituent documents. A club's actions must also be consistent with the non-profit requirement. You advise Entity Y will have the necessary non-profit clauses and dissolution clauses in its proposed constitution: • all assets and income of Entity Y is to be applied exclusively to the promotion of its objects. • No portion of the property or income of Entity Y is to be paid or distributed directly or indirectly to the members excepts as remuneration for services rendered. • On winding up, the remaining assets of Entity Y shall be distributed to Entity X or another institution(s) with similar objects as Entity Y Entity Y will satisfy the non-profit requirement. Has a physical presence in Australia and to that extent, incurs its expenditure and pursues its objectives principally in Australia For a club to meet this condition, it must have a 'physical presence' in Australia and, to that extent, incur its expenditure and pursue its objectives principally in Australia. Entity Y will have a physical presence in Australia. It will incur its expenditure and pursues its purposes in Australia. Entity Y will satisfy the physical presence in Australia requirement. Governing rules Taxation Ruling TR 2015/1 Income tax: special conditions for various entities whose ordinary and statutory income is exempt (TR 2015/1) provides guidance in respect of the conditions in subsection 50-70(2) of the ITAA 1997. Paragraph 9 of TR 2015/1 provides that an entity's 'governing rules' are those rules that authorise the policy, actions and affairs of the entity. Paragraphs 18 and 19 of TR 2015/1 explain that the substantive requirements in an entity's governing rules are those rules that define the rights and duties of the entity and include rules such as those that: • give effect to the object or purpose of the entity, • relate to the non-profit status of the entity, • set out the powers and duties of directors and officers of the entity, • require financial statements to be prepared and retained, • set out the criteria for admission as a member of an entity, • require an entity to maintain a register of members, and • relate to the winding-up of the entity. You have advised that the proposed constitution of Entity Y contains the following rules: • sets out the objects of Entity Y to foster, promote and encourage the development of the specific sport, • the income and property of Entity Y will be applied solely towards the promotion of the objects of Entity Y, • there will be no distribution of income or property by Entity Y to its members • eligibility for membership to Entity Y, • the powers of directors, • financial statements must be prepared, audited and maintained as required by the Act, and • winding up provisions of which there should be no distribution to its members. Based on a review of the proposed constitution, which incorporates the entity's objects, it is accepted that Entity Y will comply with the substantive requirements set out in its constituent document. Application of income and assets Paragraphs 33 to 35 of TR 2015/1 provide that an entity must solely apply its income and assets for the purpose for which the entity is established. However, where the misapplication or misapplications of part of the income or assets are immaterial in amount and are a one-off misapplication or occasional misapplications, the income and assets condition will still be satisfied. You have advised that the proposed constitution of Entity Y contains the following rules: • the income and property of Entity Y will be applied solely towards the promotion of the objects of Entity Y. • there will be no distribution of income or property by Entity Y to its members, and • winding up provisions of which there should be no distribution to its members. Entity Y will have a specific objective to provide financial assistance to Entity X through the payment of a Playing Fee. As previously determined, the proposed activities of Entity Y will demonstrate that they will be complying with the main purposes for which it was established. Therefore, it is accepted that Entity Y will apply its income and property solely for the purpose for which it is to be established. Accordingly, Entity Y satisfies the 'Special Conditions' specified in section 50-70 of the ITAA 1997. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: Based on the above, the total ordinary income and statutory income of Entity Y would be exempt from income tax pursuant to section 50-1 of ITAA 1997 as it is a club established for the encouragement of a game or sport, pursuant to item 9.1(c) of the table in section 50-45 of the ITAA 1997.