Private ruling: Self-education expenses
Published: October 2013
Ruling period: Year ended 30 June 2013
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2012

Ruling: Q1: Are you entitled to a deduction for your self-education expenses? | A1: No.

Relevant facts and circumstances: You are an employee. You undertook a course which was a prerequisite to practising in a certain profession in your state. Since completing the course you have been admitted to practice in that profession.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 8-1

Reasons for decision: Summary: Section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) allows a deduction for all losses and outgoings to the extent to which they are incurred in gaining or producing assessable income except where the outgoings are of a capital, private or domestic nature, or relate to the earning of exempt income. | Detailed Reasoning - Taxation Ruling TR 98/9 deals with the deductibility of self-education expenses.: If a taxpayer's income earning activities are based on the exercise of a skill or some specific knowledge and the subject of self-education enables the taxpayer to maintain or improve that skill or knowledge, the self-education expenses are allowable as a deduction. In FC of T v. Finn (1961) 106 CLR 60 at 70; (1961) 12 ATD 348 at 352, Windeyer J stated: ... a taxpayer who gains income by the exercise of his skill in some profession or calling and who incurs expenses in maintaining or increasing his learning, knowledge, experience and ability in that profession or calling necessarily incurs those expenses in carrying on his profession or calling... If a course of study is too general in terms of the taxpayer's current income earning activities, the necessary connection between the self-education expense and the income earning activity does not exist. If the study of a subject of self-education objectively leads to, or is likely to lead to, an increase in a taxpayer's income from his or her current income earning activities in the future, the self-education expenses are allowable as a deduction. No deduction is allowable for self-education expenses if the study is to enable a taxpayer to get employment, to obtain a new employment or open up a new income earning activity (whether in business or in the taxpayer's current employment). This includes studies related to a particular profession, occupation or field of employment in which the taxpayer is not yet engaged. The expenses are incurred at a point too soon to be regarded as incurred in gaining or producing assessable income. Similarly a deduction is not allowable for fees paid to enable a taxpayer to be admitted to practise in a profession, as they are considered to be capital or of a capital nature (Taxation Ruling TR 95/9). In Case J30 77 ATC 282; 21 CTBR (NS) Case 52 , a law clerk claimed a deduction for admission fees paid by him to practise as a solicitor. After admission he continued in the same employment performing the same duties on increased salary. The claim was disallowed. Mr N Dempsey of the Board of Review applied the reasoning of Menzies J in the High Court decision of FC of T v. Maddalena 71 ATC 4161; 2 ATR 541 ( Maddalena's case). It was considered that the expense was not incurred in doing work as a law clerk but in obtaining work as a solicitor, and therefore came at a point too soon to be regarded as incurred in gaining assessable income. In Case Z1 92 ATC 101; AAT Case 7541 (1992) 22 ATR 3549, the taxpayer was a public service clerk who had completed a course in legal studies but was not eligible for appointment as a solicitor unless she was admitted to practise. In order to do so she had to complete a six month course at the college of law. She claimed a deduction for expenses that led to her admission as a solicitor. The admission fees included advertising and travelling costs and the practising certificate fee. The Tribunal held the admission fees were of a capital nature and were, therefore, not an allowable deduction. The admission expenses secured the applicant a 'lasting advantage'. They also secured her the status of a solicitor that was considered a 'profit yielding subject'. In applying Maddalena's Case , the Tribunal held that the admission expenses were also incurred in getting, not in doing, work as an employee. They came at a point too soon. Similarly, in Case L38 79 ATC 208; 23 CTBR (NS) Case 44 , an officer at a State Treasury Department claimed expenditure on admission fees incurred by him in gaining admission as a barrister and solicitor of a State Supreme Court. His admission as a legal practitioner was an essential qualification for the position of legal officer to which he was subsequently appointed. The claim was disallowed by the Tribunal on the grounds that upon admission the applicant had acquired an asset of enduring benefit that answered the description of a capital asset or asset of a capital nature. In your case, you undertook a course which was a prerequisite to practising in a certain profession in your state. While we acknowledge that the knowledge gained from the course may be of some assistance in your occupation, the predominant focus of the degree is to provide the skills and qualifications for another profession. The subjects studied provided you with skills and abilities in advance of those you required in your employment. Additionally, the completion of the course opens up a new income earning activity. Expenses associated with obtaining admission are considered capital in nature as they result in an enduring benefit. Therefore, your self education expenses are not deductible under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997.