Private ruling: Residency
Published: May 2012
Ruling period: Year ended 30 June 2010 | Year ended 30 June 2011
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2009

Ruling: Q1: Are you a non resident of Australia from the date you left Australia to live and work overseas? | A1: 


Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 6-5 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 6(1)

Reasons for decision: Summary: An Australian resident for tax purposes is defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) to be a person who is a resident of Australia for the purposes of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936). The terms 'resident' and 'resident of Australia', in regard to an individual, are defined in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936. The definition provides four tests to ascertain whether a taxpayer is a resident of Australia for income tax purposes. These tests are: · the resides test, · the domicile test, · the 183 day test, and · the superannuation test. The primary test for deciding the residency status of an individual is whether the individual resides in Australia according to the ordinary meaning of the word resides. If the primary test is satisfied the remaining three tests do not need to be considered as residency for Australian tax purposes has been established. Where an individual does not reside in Australia according to ordinary concepts, they may still be considered to be an Australian resident if they meet the conditions of one of the other tests. | Detailed Reasoning - The resides test: The ordinary meaning of the word 'reside', according to the Macquarie Dictionary , 2001, rev. 3 rd edition, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, NSW, is 'to dwell permanently or for a considerable time; having one's abode for a time', and according to the Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (1987), is 'to dwell permanently, or for a considerable time, to have one's settled or usual abode, to live in or at a particular place'. You left Australia to move to Country X with your spouse and child for an indefinite period. Accordingly you are not residing in Australia. As you do not meet the resides test, we will need to consider whether you meet any of the other three tests of residency. | Detailed Reasoning - The domicile test: Under this test, a person is a resident of Australia for tax purposes if their domicile is in Australia, unless the Commissioner is satisfied that their permanent place of abode is outside of Australia. Domicile Domicile is the place that is considered by law to be your permanent home. It is usually something more than a place of residence. Your domicile is Australia because you are an Australian citizen. Therefore, you will be a resident of Australia unless the Commissioner considers you have established a permanent place of abode outside of Australia. Permanent place of abode It is clear from the case law that a person's permanent place of abode cannot be ascertained by the application of any hard and fast rules. It is a question of fact to be determined in the light of all the circumstances of each case. The courts have considered a person's 'place of abode' is where they consider 'home'. In R v Hammond (1982) ER 1477, Lord Campbell CJ stated that "a man's residence, where he lives with his family and sleeps at night, is always his place of abode in the full sense of that expression." A place of abode must exhibit the attributes of a place of residence or a place to live, as contrasted with the overnight, weekly or monthly accommodation of a traveller. Paragraph 23 of Taxation Ruling IT 2650 Residency - Permanent place of abode outside Australia sets out the following factors which are used by the Commissioner in reaching a state of satisfaction as to a taxpayer's permanent place of abode: · the intended and actual length of the taxpayer's stay in the overseas country; · whether the taxpayer intended to stay in the overseas country only temporarily and then to move on to another country or to return to Australia at some definite point in time; · whether the taxpayer has established a home (in the sense of dwelling place; a house or other shelter that is the fixed residence of a person, a family, or a household), outside Australia; · whether any residence or place of abode exists in Australia or has been abandoned because of the overseas absence; · the duration and continuity of the taxpayer's presence in the overseas country; and · the durability of association that the person has with a particular place in Australia, i.e. maintaining bank accounts in Australia, informing government departments such as the Department of Social Security that he or she is leaving permanently and that family allowance payments should be stopped, place of education of the taxpayer's children, family ties and so on. In relation to the weight to be given to each of the above factors, paragraph 24 of IT 2650 states: The weight to be given to each factor will vary with the individual circumstances of each particular case and no single factor will be decisive… however… greater weight should be given to factors (c), (e) and (f) than to the remaining factors, though these are still, of course, relevant. It is considered that your permanent place of abode was in Country X because: · You intended to move to Country X with your spouse and child for an indefinite period of time · You, your spouse and child lived in long term rental accommodation in Country X and purchased furniture and lived at the same address the whole time you were in Country X · Your house in Australia was rented out because of you moving to Country X · Your child attended child care in Country X · You took up employment in Country X · You suspended your Australian health cover · You did not intend to return to live in Australia for an indefinite period of time and only returned as your spouse secured a permanent position in Australia. | Detailed Reasoning - The 183 day test: Where a person is present in Australia for 183 days during the year of income the person will be a resident, unless the Commissioner is satisfied that the person's usual place of abode is outside Australia and the person nodes not intend to take up residence in Australia. As you were not present in Australia for more than one-half of the income year you are not a resident under the 183 day test. | Detailed Reasoning - The superannuation test: An individual is still considered to be a resident of Australia if that person is eligible to contribute to the Public Service Superannuation Scheme (PSS) of the Commonwealth Service Superannuation Scheme (CSS), or that person is the spouse or child under 16 of such a person. Generally Commonwealth Government employees are eligible to contribute to the PSS or CSS. You and your spouse do not meet the above conditions and are therefore not residents under this test. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: As you do not meet any of the above tests, you are not a resident of Australia for tax purposes. As you are not a resident of Australia, according to section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997, your assessable income only includes income gained from sources in Australia, such as rental income from your Australian rental property.

Please check this edited version to be sure that there are no details remaining that you think may allow you to be identified. If you have any concerns about this ruling you wish to discuss, you will find our contact details in the fact sheet. | Relevant facts: You are an Australian citizen and your country of origin is Australia. | You, your spouse and infant child departed Australia to move overseas. | The purpose of your move was because your spouse was offered a job overseas. | Your intended length of stay was for an indefinite period. | Prior to leaving Australia you sold your furniture and rented out your apartment. | The job offered to your spouse was for about a year with a strong likelihood this would be extended. | Your spouse's job contract was extended. | You worked in Country X at the same place of employment for well over a year. | Your child attended a local child care centre in Country X. | You and your spouse rented a house in Country X and purchased furniture. You lived at this property for the whole time you were in Country X. | You both opened up Country X bank accounts and credit cards for everyday use. | Your second child was born in Country X. | Your spouse applied for a position back in Australia less than two years after you had been living in Country X. They were offered a position and accepted. | Once your spouse completed their overseas employment contract you returned home to Australia together with your children. | You lived in Country X for a total of just over two years and you did not return to Australia for any period during this time. | You and your spouse are not contributing members of any Commonwealth superannuation funds.