Private ruling: Assessable income - co-operative company
Date of advice: 2 October 2025
Published: 17 November 2025
Ruling period: Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX | Year ended 28 February 20XX
Date scheme commenced: DD MM 20XX

Ruling: Q1: Is the taxpayer a co-operative company as defined in subsection 117(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936)? | A1: Yes. | Q2: Does section 118 of the ITAA 1936 apply so that the taxpayer is deemed not to be a co-operative company? | A2: No. | Q3: Is the taxpayer entitled to a deduction under paragraph 120(1)(c) of the ITAA 1936 for so much of its assessable income that is applied for or towards the repayment of a new loan obtained from Commonwealth or State Government? | A3: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: 1. The taxpayer is an unlisted public company. 2. The taxpayer manages its affairs so that at least 90% of its produce by value is acquired from shareholders. 3. The taxpayer has a focus on maximising returns to growers and has minimal retained earnings. Any retained earnings are spent on minor or routine capital replacements as well as funding government loan repayments relating to larger capital projects. The bulk of the difference between the taxpayer's total revenue and total costs each year is returned to its grower shareholders in the form of produce payments. 4. The taxpayer also 'value adds' to some of the produce acquired by further processing it. 5. The taxpayer's constitution limits the shareholding. 6. The taxpayer's constitution prohibits the quotation of the taxpayer's shares on any stock exchange. 7. The taxpayer's constitution states that the directors may refuse to transfer any shares if the transferee is not a genuine grower as determined by the directors. 8. The taxpayer is considering borrowing money from a State government.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment 1936 section 117 | Income Tax Assessment 1936 subsection 117(1) | Income Tax Assessment 1936 section 118 | Income Tax Assessment 1936 section 120 | Income Tax Assessment 1936 paragraph 120(1)(c)

Reasons for decision: Summary: The taxpayer is a co-operative company as defined in subsection 117(1) of the ITAA 1936. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Subsection 117(1) of the ITAA 1936 defines a 'co-operative company' for the purpose of Division 9 of Part III of the ITAA 1936. A co-operative company has to satisfy the following conditions: • it is not a friendly society dispensary; • the rules of the company limit the number of shares that may be held by shareholders; • the rules of the company prohibits the quotation of shares for sale or purchase at any stock exchange or in any other public manner whatever; • the company is established for the purpose of carrying on any business having as its primary object or objects one or more of the following: a. the acquisition of commodities or animals for disposal or distribution among its shareholders; b. the acquisition of commodities or animals from its shareholders for disposal or distribution; c. the storage, marketing, packing or processing of commodities of its shareholders; d. the rendering of services to its shareholders; e. the obtaining of funds from its shareholders for the purpose of making loans to its shareholders to enable them to acquire land or buildings to be used for the purpose of residence or of residence and business. In considering the primary object or objects of a business, Taxation Ruling TR 1999/14 provides two questions needed to be asked: • what business or businesses is the company carrying on? • what is/are the primary object/objects of each business? Paragraph 8 of TR 1999/14 states that whether a company satisfies the requirements of subsection 117(1) of the ITAA 1936 depends upon its activities during the year of income. A company may engage in several distinct businesses. Each of these businesses may have one or more primary object or objects. If any of those businesses have a primary object which does not come within the scope of the objects listed in paragraphs (a) to (e) of subsection 117(1), the company does not qualify as a 'co-operative company'. The taxpayer is not a friendly society. The taxpayer's constitution limits the number of shares which can be held by any one shareholder and prohibits quotation of its shares for sale at any stock exchange or in any public manner. Further, the taxpayer's objective is to carry on the business of trading and processing of the produce from its members for its members. The taxpayer's business activities include: • the acquisition of produce from its shareholders for disposal or distribution to both local and overseas markets; and • the storage, processing, packing and marketing of produce for grower shareholders. Accordingly, the taxpayer meets the definition of a co-operative company under subsection 117(1) of the ITAA 1936. | Summary: Provided that the taxpayer continues to satisfy the 90% requirement in section 118 of the ITAA 1936, section 118 of the ITAA 1936 will not apply to deem that the taxpayer is not a co-operative company. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Section 118 of the ITAA 1936 describes the circumstances in which a company that fulfils the requirements of section 117 of the ITAA 1936 will not be treated as a co-operative company in a particular year of income. Section 118 of the ITAA 1936 will deem a company not to be a co-operative company in an income year in which the value of commodities completed under one or more of the objects set out in subsection 117(1) of the ITAA 1936 with its members is less than 90% of the total value of its business under the respective object(s). In Case H25, 76 ATC 185, Chairman J.L. Burke, at paragraph 2 of his judgment, explained that satisfaction of section 117 of the ITAA 1936 is not the end of the matter and the requirements of section 118 of the ITAA 1936 must then be met: Provided a company satisfies the above definition and meets the requirements of sec. 118, namely that (in general terms) ninety per centum of its business in the year of income be with its members, important concessions flow to it in that, inter alia, it is allowed in terms of sec. 120(1) a deduction of so much of its assessable income as (a) is distributed among its shareholders as rebates or bonuses based on business done by shareholders with the company or (b) is distributed among its shareholders as interest or dividends on shares.... In the same case, member C.F. Fairleigh QC added at paragraph 7 of his judgment that: Section 117 of the Act and other sections presently relevant enjoin a co-operative society from doing certain things and there is the sanction that the privileged tax position will be lost upon breach of those requirements. ... Thus, even if section 117 of the ITAA 1936 is satisfied, a co-operative may lose its privileged tax position if the requirements of section 118 of the ITAA 1936 are not met. In the present case, the taxpayer has historically acquired and intends to keep acquiring over 90% of its produce from shareholders as set out in the figures provided for the years 20XX, 20XX and 20XX. Accordingly, provided that the taxpayer continues to comply with the 90% requirement in section 118 of the ITAA 1936, section 118 of the ITAA 1936 will not apply to deem that the taxpayer is not a co-operative company for the purpose of Division 9 of Part III of the ITAA 1936. | Summary: Provided that the taxpayer continues to satisfy the 90% requirement in paragraph 120(1)(c) of the ITAA 1936, the taxpayer will be entitled to a deduction under paragraph 120(1)(c) of the ITAA 1936 for so much of its assessable income that is applied for or towards the repayment of loans obtained from the Commonwealth or State governments that enable the taxpayer to acquire assets which are required for the purpose of carrying on its business. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: A company that satisfies the definition of a co-operative company under section 117 of the ITAA 1936 and meets the requirements set out in section 118 of the ITAA 1936 is entitled to the deductions listed in section 120 of the ITAA 1936. Paragraph 120(1)(c) of the ITAA 1936 provides for a deduction for so much of the assessable income of a co-operative company, that has as its primary object the acquisition of commodities or animals from its shareholders for disposal or distribution, that is applied for or towards the repayment of a new loan obtained from Commonwealth or State government that enable the company to acquire assets which are required for the purpose of carrying on the business of the company. However, the deduction under paragraph 120(1)(c) of the ITAA 1936 is not allowed unless shares representing at least 90% of the value of the company are held by persons who supply the company with commodities or animals which the company requires for the purpose of its business. In this case, as the taxpayer satisfies the definition of a co-operative company provided in section 117 of the ITAA 1936 and meets the requirements of section 118 of the ITAA 1936, the taxpayer is a co-operative company for the purpose of Division 9 of Part III of the ITAA 1936. The taxpayer has confirmed that for the years 20XX, 20XX and 20XX; more than 9X% of shareholders supplied produce to the taxpayer and these shareholders accounted for at least 90% of the value of the taxpayer. Accordingly, provided that the taxpayer continues to satisfy the 90% requirement in paragraph 120(1)(c) of the ITAA 1936, the taxpayer will be entitled to a deduction under paragraph 120(1)(c) of the ITAA 1936 for so much of its assessable income that is applied for or towards the repayment of a new loan obtained from the State government that enable the taxpayer to acquire assets which are required for the purpose of carrying on its business.

Does IVA apply to this private ruling?: Part IVA of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 contains anti-avoidance rules that can apply in certain circumstances where you or another taxpayer obtains a tax benefit, imputation benefit or diverted profits tax benefit in connection with an arrangement. | If Part IVA applies, the tax benefit or imputation benefit can be cancelled (for example, by disallowing a deduction that was otherwise allowable) or you or another taxpayer could be liable to the diverted profits tax. | We have not fully considered the application of Part IVA to the arrangement you asked us to rule on, or to an associated or wider arrangement of which that arrangement is part. | If you want us to rule on whether Part IVA applies, we will need to obtain and consider all the facts about the arrangement which are relevant to determining whether Part IVA may apply. | For more information on Part IVA, go to our website ato.gov.au/gaar .