Private ruling: Early stage innovation company eligibility
Date of advice: 23 November 2020
Published: January 2021
Ruling period: Income year ended 30 June 20YY
Date scheme commenced: X XX 20XX

Ruling: Q1: Does Company A satisfy the criteria of an Early Stage Innovation Company (ESIC) pursuant to subsection 360-40(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 ('ITAA 1997')? | A1: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: Company A Company A is a company limited by shares and is incorporated in Australia. It was incorporated on X XX 20XX. Company A is a standalone company with no subsidiaries. Company A incurred total expenditure of $xx for financial year ended 30 June 20XX. It also had revenue of $xx for financial year ended 30 June 20XX. Company A equity interests are not listed for quotation in the official list of any stock exchange, either in Australia or a foreign country. Development of Company A's service Company A provides a software platform to deliver an innovative health care service. It is developing a service to address an Australia wide market and is continuing to develop its technology and business to expand further. Company A's service have been identified as having a national and international addressable market. Company A has identified that it has the ability to rapidly expand its business. Company A has identified its service as having competitive advantage over other health service providers. Investment Strategy Company A intends to issue a mix of ordinary shares, preference shares and employee stock options in the next financial year. It intends to raise its first-round within the next 6 months. It is looking to raise $XXX with a split of ordinary shares and preferential shares. The funds will be used for: (i) recruitment of staff; (ii) business development; and (iii) marketing costs. The first-round investment will allow Company A to grow its business and achieve its business milestones, before it plans the next investment round for future expansion. Other matters Company A is planning to register with AusIndustry and claim R&D offsets. Company A has developed unique intellectual property relating to their software platform. Company A also has an innovation patent relating to its business. You have provided a number of documents containing detailed information in relation to Company A, including: • Private Binding Ruling ('PBR') Application dated x XX 20XX. • Your replies to our further information requests, including details and attachments regarding development work, investment strategy and relevant financial statement. We have referred to the relevant information within these documents in applying the relevant tests to your circumstances.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subdivision 360-A | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 360-15 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 360-40(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 360-45

Reasons for decision: Summary: Company A meets the eligibility requirements of an ESIC pursuant to subsection 360-40(1). | Detailed Reasoning - Qualifying Early Stage Innovation Company: Subsection 360-40(1) outlines the criteria required for a company to qualify as an Early Stage Innovation Company (ESIC) at a particular time in an income year. This time is referred to as the 'test time'. The criteria are based on a series of tests to identify if the company is at an early stage of its development and it is developing new or significantly improved innovations to generate an economic return. | Detailed Reasoning - 'The early stage test': The early stage test requirements are outlined in detail within paragraphs 360-40(1)(a) to (d). | Detailed Reasoning - Incorporation or Registration - paragraph 360-40(1)(a): To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(a), at a particular time (the test time) in an income year (the current year) the company must have been either: (i) incorporated in Australia within the last three income years (the latest being the current year); or (ii) incorporated in Australia within the last six income years (the latest being the current year), and across the last three of those income years before the current year the company and its 100% subsidiaries incurred total expenses of $1 million or less; or (iii) registered in the Australian Business Register (ABR) within the last three income years (the latest being the current year). The term 'current year' is defined in subsection 360-40(1) with reference to the 'test time'; the 'current year' being the income year in which the company issues shares to the investor. A company that does not meet any of these conditions will not qualify as an ESIC. | Detailed Reasoning - Total expenses - paragraph 360-40(1)(b): To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(b), the company and its 100% subsidiaries must have incurred total expenses of $1 million or less in the income year before the current year. | Detailed Reasoning - Assessable income - paragraph 360-40(1)(c): To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(c), the company and its 100% subsidiaries must have derived total assessable income of $200,000 or less in the income year before the current year. | Detailed Reasoning - No stock exchange listing - paragraph 360-40(1)(d): To meet the requirement in paragraph 360-40(1)(d), the company must not be listed on any stock exchange in Australia or a foreign country. | Detailed Reasoning - Innovation Tests: If the company satisfies the early stage test, the company must also satisfy one of two innovation tests: the objective (100 point) test or the principles-based test. | Detailed Reasoning - '100 point test' - paragraph 360-40(1)(e) and section 360-45: To satisfy the 100 point test the company must obtain at least 100 points by meeting the innovation criteria in the table within section 360-45. The criteria are tested at a time immediately after the relevant shares are issued. If a company satisfies this test it does not need to satisfy the principles-based test. | Detailed Reasoning - 'Principles-based test' - subparagraphs 360-40(1)(e)(i) to (iv): To satisfy the principles-based test, the company must meet five requirements in paragraph 360-40 (1)(e). This is tested at a time immediately after the relevant new shares are issued to the investor. The company can demonstrate that it meets each requirement through existing documentation such as a business plan, commercialisation strategy, competition analysis or other company documents. The company must be able to show that tangible steps have been or will be taken in relation to each of the requirements. The five requirements of the principles-based test, as outlined in paragraph 360-40(1)(e) are: (i) the company must be genuinely focussed on developing for commercialisation one or more new or significantly improved products, processes, services or marketing or organisational methods (ii) the business relating to that innovation must have a high growth potential (iii) the company must demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to successfully scale up the business relating to the innovation (iv) the company must demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to address a broader than local market, including global markets, through that business, and (v) the company must demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to have competitive advantages for that business. | Detailed Reasoning - Developing new or significantly improved innovations for commercialisation: For the purposes of Subdivision 360-A, the Explanatory Memorandum to the Tax Laws Amendment (Tax Incentives for Innovation) Bill 2016 ('EM') provides the following at paragraph 1.76 in relation to the definition of innovation: Implicit in the definition of innovation is the requirement that the company is developing a new or significantly improved type of innovation such as a product, process, service, marketing or organisational method. This list of various types of innovations provides flexibility for innovation companies and is adaptable to current and future innovations. The Oslo Manual, published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides a description of these different types of innovations... The innovation being developed by the company must either be new or significantly improved for an applicable addressable market. [1] The company's addressable market is the revenue opportunity or market demand arising from the innovation or the related business. The addressable market must be objective and realistic. Improvements must be significant in nature to meet this requirement. Significant is defined in the online Macquarie Dictionary as ' important; of consequence' . Customising existing products or minor changes resulting from software updates, pricing strategies or seasonal changes are examples of improvements that would not be considered significant. The OECD Oslo Manual, in relation to defining innovative services, states at paragraph 161 that 'innovations in services can include significant improvements in how they are provided (for example, in terms of their efficiency or speed), the addition of new functions or characteristics to existing services, or the introduction of entirely new services'. The company must be genuinely focussed on developing the innovation for a commercial purpose in order to generate economic value and revenue for the company. This requirement draws the distinction between simply having an idea and commercialising an idea. For a company to qualify as an ESIC under the principles-based test, the company must be 'genuinely focussed on developing for commercialisation' their innovation. That is, the central activities of the company must be truly concentrated on developing their innovation for a commercial purpose. 'Commercialisation' includes a range of activities that involve the implementation or sale of a new or significantly improved innovation that will directly lead to the generation of economic value for the company. | Detailed Reasoning - High growth potential: The company must be able to demonstrate that the business relating to the innovation has a high growth potential within a broad addressable market. This refers to the company's ability to rapidly expand its business. Companies that are limited to supplying local customers will not meet this requirement. | Detailed Reasoning - Scalability: The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to successfully scale up the business relating to the innovation. The company must have operating leverage, where as it increases its market share or enters into new markets, its existing revenues can be multiplied with a reduced or minimal increase in operating costs. | Detailed Reasoning - Broader than local market: The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to address a market that is broader than a local city, area or region. The company does not need to have a serviceable market at a national, multinational or global scale at the test time. However, it does need to show that the business is capable of addressing a market that is broader than a local market and that the business can be adapted to a broader scale in the future. | Detailed Reasoning - Competitive advantages: The company must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to have competitive advantages, such as a cost or differential advantage over its competitors which are sustainable for the business as it expands. The company can analyse what competitors in the market offer, and consider whether the company has a differentiating advantage that would allow it to outperform these competitors. | Detailed Reasoning - Test time: For the purposes of this ruling, the 'test time' for determining if Company A is a qualifying ESIC, will be upon the issue of qualifying shares on a particular date or dates on or after x XX 20XX, and on or before y YY 20YY. | Detailed Reasoning - Current year: Therefore, for the purposes of subsection 360-40(1) ITAA 1997 , the current year will be the year ending y YY 20YY (the 20YY income year). For clarity, in relation to particular requirements within subsection 360-40(1), the last 3 income years will include the years ending x XX 20ZZ, 20XX and 20YY, and the income year before the current year will be the year ending x XX 20XX (the 20XX income year). | Detailed Reasoning - Incorporation or Registration - paragraph 360-40(1)(a) ITAA 1997: Company A was incorporated on x XX 20XX which is within the 3 income years. Company A satisfies the requirements of subparagraph 360-40(1)(a)(i) | Detailed Reasoning - Total expenses - paragraph 360-40(1)(b) ITAA 1997: Company A has no subsidiaries. In applying the requirements of paragraph 360-40(1)(b), Company A must have incurred total expenses of $1 million or less in the 20XX income year, being the income year before the current year. Company A incurred expenses of $xxx in the 20XX income year. Consequently, paragraph 360-40(1)(b) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - Assessable income - paragraph 360-40(1)(c) ITAA 1997: In applying the requirements of paragraph 360-40(1)(c), Company A must have derived total assessable income of $200,000 or less in the 20XX income year, being the income year before the current year. Company A earned $xxx assessable income in the 20XX income year. Consequently, paragraph 360-40(1)(c) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - No Stock Exchange listing - paragraph 360-40(1)(d) ITAA 1997: In applying the requirements of paragraph 360-40(1)(d), Company A must not be listed on any Stock Exchange in Australia or a foreign country at the test time. Company A is not and (it is assumed) will not be listed on any Stock Exchange in Australia or a foreign country at any test time during the 20XX-YY year, so paragraph 360-40(1)(d) is satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - CONCLUSION FOR EARLY STAGE TEST: Company A satisfies the early stage test for the 20YY income year, as each of the requirements within paragraphs 360-40(1)(a) to (d) have been satisfied. | Detailed Reasoning - THE '100 POINT TEST' - paragraph 360-40(1)(e) and section 360-45: Company A has not provided sufficient evidence of satisfying the 100 point test under section 360-45 for the year ending y YY 20YY. For Company A to be a qualifying ESIC, it will need to satisfy the principles-based test. Company A is electing to seek eligibility by satisfying the Principles-based Innovation test under section 360-40(1)(e)(i)-(v). | Detailed Reasoning - Developing new or significantly improved innovations for commercialisation - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i) ITAA 1997: In applying the requirements of subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i), Company A must be developing an innovation which is either new or significantly improved for an applicable addressable market. Company A is developing a software platform that provides innovative health care services. It is also developing a customised workflow management (CRM) system to automate administrative workflow, which is very different from traditional health care models. The platform introduces a new way of providing collaborative health care, which not only allows their users to arrange more efficient and cost-effective consultations, its software automation also provides better clinical results. Company A is genuinely focused on developing their service for an applicable addressable market, so subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i) is satisfied for the period x XX 20XX to y YY 20YY. | Detailed Reasoning - Genuinely focussed on developing for commercialisation - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i) ITAA 1997: In applying the requirements of subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i), Company A must be genuinely focussed on developing an innovation for a commercial purpose in order to generate economic value and revenue for the company. Company A has outlined its objectives for the commercialisation of its service. It actively advertises and markets its services through different channels, including but not limited to direct marketing and social media. It is already being used across Australia and is growing continually. Company A is genuinely focussed on developing their service for a commercial purpose, so subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(i) is satisfied for the period x XX 20XX to y YY 20YY. | Detailed Reasoning - High growth potential - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(ii) ITAA 1997: In applying the requirements of subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(ii), Company A must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential for high growth within a broad addressable market. Company A has identified that is has the ability to rapidly expand its business. It has also identified that it has high growth within its addressable market. It is a technology enabled business, thus, has the ability to scale exponentially. Company A has demonstrated a high growth potential for their service, so subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(ii) is satisfied for the period x XX 20XX to y YY 20YY. | Detailed Reasoning - Broader than local market - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iv) ITAA 1997: In applying the requirements of subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iv), Company A must be able to demonstrate that it has the potential to be able to address a broader than local market, including global markets. Company A is capable of addressing a market that is broader than a local market and that the business can be adapted to a broader scale in the future. It has identified in its growth strategy the two areas it intends to roll out its services. Company A has demonstrated that it has the capacity to address a broader than local market, so subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(iv) is satisfied for the period x XX 20XX to y YY 20YY. | Detailed Reasoning - Competitive advantages - subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(v) ITAA 1997: In applying the requirements of subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(v), Company A must demonstrate that it has potential to be able to have competitive advantage for that business. Company A has identified its service as having various competitive advantages. Company A has demonstrated that it has competitive advantages over its competitors, so subparagraph 360-40(1)(e)(v) is satisfied for the period x XX 20XX to y YY 20YY. | Detailed Reasoning - CONCLUSION FOR PRINCIPLES-BASED TEST: Company A satisfies the principles-based test as it has satisfied the requirements within subparagraphs 360-40(1)(e)(i) to (v) for the period commencing x XX 20XX until y YY 20YY. | Detailed Reasoning - CONCLUSION: Company A meets the eligibility criteria of an ESIC under subsection 360-40(1) for the period x XX 20XX to y YY 20YY. [1] Explanatory Memorandum to the Tax Laws Amendment (Tax Incentives for Innovation) Bill 2016, paragraph 1.79.