Private ruling: Accommodation and travel expenses
Date of advice: 10 July 2017
Published: November 2017
Ruling period: Year ended 30 June 2016
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2015

Ruling: Q1: Are you entitled to a deduction for accommodation, flights and travel expenses while living interstate? | A1: No


Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 8-1.

Reasons for decision: Summary: You were temporarily relocated to an interstate location to work. The expenses you incurred for accommodation while living away from home are of a private nature. The expenses are a prerequisite to the earning of assessable income. They are incurred in order to enable you to earn income but are not incurred in the course of gaining or producing that income; therefore, they are not deductible. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 allows a deduction for all losses and outgoings to the extent to which they are incurred in gaining or producing assessable income except where the outgoings are of a capital, private or domestic nature, or relate to the earning of exempt income. | Detailed Reasoning - Accommodation: Accommodation expenses are ordinarily not deductible as they are private and domestic in nature. An exception is where a taxpayer is travelling in the course of performing their work duties, for example, an interstate truck driver who travels away from home overnight. In these types of cases, the accommodation, meal and incidental expenses incurred while the taxpayer is travelling are incidental to the proper carrying out of their employment function and cease to be of a private and domestic nature. However, it is important to distinguish taxpayers who travel in the course of carrying out their employment duties from taxpayers who are living away from home. In the latter case, the taxpayer moves and takes up temporary residence away from their usual place of residence so as to be able to carry out employment duties for a time at the new (but temporary) workplace. For taxpayers who are living away from home, there is a change of job location and a temporary change of residence to a place at or near that location. For example, an employee who is transferred for three months to an office in another city and takes up temporary accommodation in that city whilst maintaining their own usual place of residence would be in this category. In this type of situation, the accommodation, meal and incidental expenses incurred while the person is living away from their usual home do not cease to be private and domestic in nature. That is, they are considered to retain their character as living expenses rather than becoming work related expenses. Miscellaneous Taxation Ruling MT 2030 discusses the difference between travelling on work and living away from home for work. It states that taxpayers who are travelling on work normally do so for comparatively short periods. In your case, you were working interstate for more than 6 months. It is considered that for this period you were living away from home for work rather than travelling on work. That is, it is not considered that travel was a part of your actual work duties. Rather, your work location had changed and you chose to take up temporary residence near your new work location. Therefore, your accommodation expenses are considered to retain their character as living expenses. As these expenses are private and domestic in nature, a deduction is not allowable. | Detailed Reasoning - Flights and Travel: Certain expenditure is incurred in order to be in a position to be able to derive assessable income, for example unless one arrives at work it is not possible to derive income. This does not mean that the expenditure is incurred in the course of gaining or producing assessable income. Rather, the expenses are incurred to enable the taxpayer to commence income earning activities ( Lunney & Hayley v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1958) 100 CLR 478; (1958) 11 ATD 404; (1958) 7 AITR 166). Generally accommodation and travel expenses incurred by a person, who lives away from home in order to carry out employment duties at the place of employment, will not be deductible. Expenses of this nature are private, or incurred before or after the activity of earning assessable income. Taxation Ruling IT 2614 examines the deductibility of relocation expenses. The ruling states that expenses incurred in relocating to take up an appointment with a new or existing employer are not allowable deductions as they are private or domestic in nature. This is so, regardless of whether an allowance has been paid, or if the relocation was involuntary. Taxation Ruling IT 2481 also discusses this expense. At paragraph 9 the ruling states the expenditure is not incurred in gaining or producing income and is not deductible as the taxpayer is not travelling on work, but to work. The issue of expenses incurred in relation to accommodation near the work place while maintaining a family residence in another location has been considered by the courts on a number of occasions. In the case Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. Charlton 84 ATC 4415; (1984) 15 ATR 711 ( Charlton’s Case ), the taxpayer was a pathologist employed to carry out autopsies for the local coroner in Bendigo. He rented a flat in Bendigo while maintaining a permanent family home in Melbourne, located approximately 150kms away. There was evidence that there was difficulty in finding motel accommodation in Bendigo and the taxpayer was reluctant to make the round trip back to Melbourne without rest. The taxpayer claimed that the rental expenses were incurred in the production of assessable income. Justice Crockett of the Supreme Court of Victoria ruled: The Commissioner contends (correctly in my view) that, if the taxpayer should choose to reside so far from the place where it is necessary for him to be in order to gain his income that he, not only needs to incur expense in travelling to that place but, also to incur expense in the provision to him of some accommodation transitory or discontinuous in its use and secondary to or temporarily supplemental of his actual home, then that expense, too, is for the same reason non-deductible. The taxpayer's election to live in Melbourne and not in Bendigo meant that the rental expended on the flat in order to enable him to secure accommodation in which to recuperate from the rigours of travel and the nature of his work was an expenditure dictated not by his work but by private considerations. This is supported by the decision in Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. Toms 89 ATC 4373; (1989) 20 ATR 466 ( Toms Case ), where the Federal Court held that expenses incurred in relation to accommodation near the work place while maintaining a family residence in another location were not an allowable deduction as they were considered to be private expenses. Your circumstances are considered to be comparable to those in Charlton’s case and Toms’ case. From the information provided it is clear your place of employment was in State A and you have made a choice to move away from your family home in State B to work in State A. Any accommodation, travel, electricity, gas and water expenses you may incur to stay in State A will be incurred to put yourself in a position to perform your duties and not in the actual performance of those duties. Your accommodation, travel, electricity, gas and water expenses are considered to be of a private or domestic nature and are not deductible under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997.

Relevant facts: You have a principal place of residence. | You entered into a contract with your employer, and you worked on various sites interstate. | Your employer paid for all flights and travel expenses from your state of residence to the worksite interstate. | Later you were required to work at the interstate office, as well as travelling to the various sites on a regular basis, staying overnight on site. | Travel between the interstate office and the various sites were paid for by your employer, and onsite meals and accommodation were provided without charge. | While you were working at the interstate office and travelling to the various sites, you rented a serviced apartment near the office. | During this time you incurred costs for meals and incidentals. | You also paid for flights between your home state and the place of work, to visit home when possible. | Later you were no longer required to work at the interstate office. | Your employer again paid for flights and travel expenses from your home state to various sites, as they did previously.