Private ruling: foreign employment income
Published: April 2012
Ruling period: Year ending 30 June 2011 | Year ending 30 June 2012 | Year ending 30 June 2013
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2010

Ruling: Q1: Is the salary you receive from employment in the foreign country exempt from income tax in Australia under section 23AG of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936)? | A1: Yes. | Q2: Is the transfer allowance you receive in relation to your deployment to the foreign country exempt from income tax in Australia under section 23AG of the ITAA 1936? | A2: No, to the extent that is attributable to a period prior to the commencement or after the completion of the foreign service. | Q3: Are overseas allowances you receive in relation to your deployment to the foreign country exempt from income tax in Australia under section 23AG of the ITAA 1936? | A3: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: You are an Australian resident employed by the Australian Department. You have been appointed to undertake deployment to the foreign country from the year ended 30 June 2011 for a period of twelve months as part of the regional assistance mission to the foreign country. You have extended the deployment period for a further twelve months. You are entitled to receive salary, transfer allowance and overseas allowances during the deployment. The overseas allowances are: · Cost of Posting Allowance · Cost of Living Allowance · Hardship Allowance. The transfer allowance is paid for costs associated with preparing for departure and returning from your deployment. The overseas allowances are paid to compensate for the different costs of goods and services, for the impacts of the posting and for the difficulties at your posting in the foreign country. The laws of the foreign country provide for the imposition of income tax and do not generally exempt employment income from income tax. Australia does not have a tax treaty with the foreign country.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 section 23AG | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 23AG(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 23AG(1AA) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 23AG(2) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 paragraph 23AG(2)(a) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 paragraph 23AG(2)(b)

Reasons for decision: Summary: The salary and overseas allowances you receive from employment in the foreign country are exempt from income tax in Australia under section 23AG of the ITAA 1936. The transfer allowance is not exempt to the extent that is attributable to a period prior to the commencement or after the completion of the foreign service. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Subsection 23AG(1) of the ITAA 1936 provides that foreign earnings of an Australian resident derived during a continuous period of foreign service of not less than 91 days employment in a foreign country are exempt from income tax in Australia. Foreign earnings includes income consisting of salary, wages, bonuses or allowances (subsection 23AG(7) of the ITAA 1936). To qualify for the exemption the foreign earnings must be derived from the foreign service. That does not mean that the foreign earnings need to be derived at the time of engaging in foreign service. The important test is that the foreign earnings, when derived, need to be derived as result of the undertaking of that foreign service. Section 23AG of the ITAA 1936 has been amended so that foreign employment income derived by Australian residents will only be exempt in certain circumstances. These amendments are effective from 29 June 2009. Subsection 23AG(1AA) of the ITAA 1936 provides that foreign earnings are not exempt from tax unless the continuous period of foreign service is directly attributable to any of the following: · the delivery of Australian official development assistance by the individual's employer (generally provided by AusAID or the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade); · the activities of the individual's employer in operating a developing country relief fund or a public disaster relief fund; · the activities of the individual's employer being a prescribed institution that is exempt from Australian tax; · the individual's deployment outside Australia by an Australian government (or an authority thereof) as a member of a disciplined force of Australia (generally considered to be the Australian Defence Force or Australian Federal Police); or · an activity of a kind specified in the regulations. In your case, you have been appointed to undertake a deployment to the foreign country as a part of the regional assistance mission. As your deployment is directly attributable to the delivery of Australian official development assistance by your employer, you satisfy one of the conditions for exemption under subsection 23AG(1AA) of the ITAA 1936. In addition to your salary, you received a transfer allowance and overseas allowances. | Detailed Reasoning - Transfer allowance: The transfer allowance is paid to you to cover costs associated with preparing for departure and returning from your deployment. This allowance is not paid to cover costs arising from the performance of your foreign service. It is paid to cover costs arising before and after the foreign service. The question of when a taxpayer begins or ceases to be engaged in foreign service is a question of fact to be determined according to the circumstances of each particular case. However, as subsection 23AG(7) of the ITAA 1936 defines the term 'foreign service' to mean service in a foreign country, a taxpayer's foreign service period generally cannot begin or end at a time when the taxpayer is not actually present in the foreign country where the service will be performed. That part of the transfer allowance that is attributable to a period prior to the commencement or after the completion of the foreign service, such as accommodation in Australia after uplift of goods; taxi fares to and from airports in Australia; loss on sale of motor vehicle; cost of obtaining a dental assessment; and purchase of travel equipment for use prior to the commencement or after the completion of the foreign service, is not attributable to the period where the employee is engaged in service in a foreign country, and not exempt from tax under subsection 23AG(1) of the ITAA 1936. The part of the allowance that is to meet the cost of taxis to and from airports in the foreign country will not necessarily be exempt even though the employee is in the foreign country at the time when those expenses arise. That part of the allowance will not be exempt if the expenses arise before the employee commences foreign service and after the employee completes the foreign service. However, if the foreign service encompasses the times when those expenses arise, that part of the allowance is exempt. Therefore, your transfer allowance is not exempt from income tax in Australia under subsection 23AG(1) of the ITAA 1936 to the extent that is attributable to a period prior to the commencement or after the completion of the foreign service. | Detailed Reasoning - Salary and overseas allowances: As you received a salary from your foreign employment, this salary is considered to be derived from your foreign service. The overseas allowances are designed to cover various costs and hardship of the foreign service. As they are paid to compensate for costs arising from the foreign service and for the hardship attributable to the foreign service, they are considered to be derived from your foreign service. Therefore, your salary and overseas allowances are foreign earnings from foreign service for the purposes of subsection 23AG(1) of the ITAA 1936. The exemption does not apply where the income is exempt from tax in the foreign country only because of any of the reasons listed in subsection 23AG(2) of the ITAA 1936. One of these reasons is a tax treaty as set out in the Australian Treaty Series (paragraphs 23AG(2)(a) and 23AG(2)(b) of the ITAA 1936). There is no tax treaty between Australia and the foreign country. Therefore, paragraphs 23AG(2)(a) and 23AG(2)(b) of the ITAA 1936 will not apply. As the laws of the foreign country provide for the imposition of income tax and do not generally exempt employment income from income tax, paragraphs 23AG(2)(c) and (d) of the ITAA 1936 will not apply. None of the other reasons in subsection 23AG(2) of the ITAA 1936 apply to your situation. | Detailed Reasoning - Note: Foreign earnings exempt under section 23AG of the ITAA 1936 are taken into account in calculating the Australian tax payable on other assessable income derived by a taxpayer. This method of calculation referred to as exemption with progression prevents the exempt income from reducing the Australian tax payable on the other assessable income. This income needs to be included as exempt foreign employment income in your Australian tax return.

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