Private ruling: Non-arm's length income expenses
Date of advice: 15 August 2023
Published: 3 October 2023
Ruling period: 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2024
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2022

Ruling: Q1: Are accounting services provided by the Trustee of the Fund non-arm's length expenses in accordance with paragraphs 295-550(1)(b) and (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)? | A1: No.

Relevant facts and circumstances: The Fund is a self-managed superannuation fund (SMSF). A director of the Fund's corporate trustee (referred to as the Trustee) is a member of the Fund. The Trustee is retired, however he remains a registered tax agent in his own right. You are required to ensure the preparation of the annual accounts and lodge a superannuation annual return to the ATO. This is carried out by Trustee due to his knowledge, skills and qualifications. The Fund's 2022 annual return records the Trustee as the tax agent for the Fund. The Trustee does not charge the Fund for preparing the accounts and lodging the annual return. You have made the following statements: • The Trustee has never been a public accountant and accordingly has never had premises open to the public. • The Trustee has always been a corporate accountant, employed to carry out and/or oversee accounting functions within an organisation. • Being a licensed tax agent was advantageous to those roles as it enabled the Trustee to be nominated to the ATO as the authorised contact person within those organisations. • The Trustee's tax agent software is the only method he knows of that would enable an electronic return to be made, so he has used that software for convenience, cost and time efficiencies. • You have convened a meeting to document/minute that all of the Trustee's work for the Fund is done in the capacity of trustee. • You have amended the annual template in order that this is reconfirmed every year. • You have provided copies of both to the Fund's auditor who has confirmed he is happy with those documents.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 295-550 We followed these ATO view documents | Law Companion Ruling LCR 2021/2: Non-arm's length income - expenditure incurred under a non-arm's length arrangement

Reasons for decision: Detailed Reasoning - Non-arm's length income: Section 295-550 of the ITAA 1997 sets out rules as to when a complying superannuation fund will derive non-arm's length income. Paragraphs 295-550(1)(b) and (c) of the ITAA 1997 provide that an amount of ordinary or statutory income will be non-arm's length income where: b) in gaining or producing the income, the entity incurs a loss, outgoing or expenditure of an amount that is less than the amount of a loss, outgoing or expenditure that the entity might have been expected to incur if those parties had been dealing with each other at arm's length in relation to the scheme; c) in gaining or producing the income, the entity does not incur a loss, outgoing or expenditure that the entity might have been expected to incur if those parties had been dealing with each other at arm's length in relation to the scheme. Paragraphs 42 and 43 of Law Companion Ruling LCR 2021/2: Non-arm's length income - expenditure incurred under a non-arm's length arrangement provide guidance on trustee remuneration: 42. Given the statutory restrictions that prevent a trustee or director of a corporate trustee from receiving remuneration, paragraphs 295-550(1)(b) and (c) will not be enlivened due to the trustee or director not charging for the services performed in relation to the fund when acting in a trustee capacity. [1] For example, the non-arm's length expenditure provision will not apply where a trustee, acting in that capacity, performs bookkeeping or accounting services for the fund for no remuneration. 43. However, when the trustee or director of a corporate trustee operates in another capacity and either does not receive remuneration for those services or receives remuneration in accordance with the exceptions in section 17B of the SISA, paragraphs 295-550(1)(b) or (c) may apply where the fund incurs non-arm's length expenditure. In certain cases, the trustee of a fund may undertake particular activities in performing its duties or choose to outsource those functions to third parties (for example, if the fund had a real estate portfolio, the trustee may be able to manage the properties or contract the services of a real estate agent). The question of whether the non-arm's length income rules apply in respect of services or functions that are undertaken by the trustee depends on the capacity in which the trustee undertakes those activities. In this case, the Trustee, is a qualified accountant who prepares the Fund accounts and SMSF annual return and lodges the return using his tax agent number. The SMSF audit is outsourced to a non-related entity. A trustee's duties will include a range of activities that can include bookkeeping and administrative functions. Trustees that do not have the appropriate skills will generally contract an agent to prepare the accounts and SMSF annual return. However, it is acknowledged that preparing the SMSF return for self-lodgement can fall within the trustee's duties and that some trustees have the relevant skills to perform this function. This is supported by paragraph 46 of LCR 2021/2: 46 An individual's business, profession, life experiences or employment may result in the individual having skills and knowledge that can assist the individual perform their duties in their capacity as trustee, or as a director of a corporate trustee, of a SMSF. Utilising such skills and knowledge of itself does not indicate that the individual is not acting in their capacity as trustee or as a director of a corporate trustee. For example, a financial adviser who is a trustee of a SMSF can utilise their skills and knowledge in deciding the investment strategy of the SMSF in their capacity as trustee. Unless there are factors that suggest a contrary conclusion, the non-remuneration of a trustee will not necessarily enliven the non-arm's length expense provision. Example 6 of LCR 2021/2 reinforces this scenario: 54. Leonie is a trustee of an SMSF of which she is the sole member. She is a chartered accountant and registered tax agent who is employed in an accounting and tax agent business. Leonie (in her capacity as trustee) prepares the accounts and annual return for the SMSF. She does not use the equipment or assets of her employer, nor does she lodge the annual return using her tax agent registration. As she performs these duties or services as trustee of the SMSF, she does not charge the SMSF for this work. The non-arm's length expenditure provisions do not apply as the duties or services performed by Leonie are in her capacity as trustee rather than under an arrangement in which parties are dealing with one another on a non-arm's length basis. | Detailed Reasoning - Use of related party equipment: The minor, infrequent or irregular use of equipment or assets will not, of itself, indicate the individual is acting in their individual capacity. For example, in the absence of any other factor indicating otherwise, minor, infrequent or irregular use of a business computer at the office by an individual would not, of itself, indicate the individual is acting in their individual capacity. 55. Levi is the trustee of his SMSF of which he is the sole member. He is also a financial advisor and director of Levi and Co Financial Services Pty Ltd. Levi operates the business of Levi and Co Financial Services Pty Ltd from a commercial office and on regular occasions from his home. At home, Levi uses the computer and office equipment supplied by and paid for by the business. 56. When at home, but not while working or billing clients, Levi undertakes the bookwork and occasionally makes online investments for his SMSF using the computer and office equipment supplied by the business. 57. Levi performs these activities as trustee of his SMSF and does not charge the SMSF for this work. Levi's use of the computer and office equipment at home is minor and incidental in nature and will not, of itself, indicate that he is undertaking these services in any capacity other than as trustee for his SMSF. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: The Fund's SMSF annual return has been lodged via the Trustee's tax agent number using his equipment and software. These are factors that may indicate that the Trustee is performing these duties in his individual capacity as a tax agent. You have stated that: • It has always been the Trustee's intention to prepare and lodge the annual returns due to his professional skills. • The only reason the Fund uses the Trustee's tax agent number is due to the software requirement, and for the cost and time efficiencies. • You have convened a meeting to document/minute that all the Trustee's work for the Fund is done in the capacity of Trustee. • You have amended the annual template in order that this is reconfirmed every year. • You have provided copies of both to the Fund's auditor who has confirmed he is happy with those documents. Based on the information provided, it is reasonable to conclude that the Trustee is using his professional experience to provide services and duties in his capacity as Trustee and that any use of his equipment is minor and irregular. Therefore, it has been determined that the accounting services provided by the Trustee does not result in non-arms-length expenses under paragraphs 295-550(1)(b) and (c) of the ITAA 1997. | Detailed Reasoning - Capacity in which services are performed: To meet the definition of an SMSF under section 17A of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (SISA), no trustee of the fund can receive any remuneration from the fund or from any persons for any duties or services performed by the trustee in relation to the fund. This is interpreted to mean that trustees must not be remunerated for carrying out their normal activities in their capacity as a trustee, such as participating in trustee decision-making, attending meetings, etc. The restriction, however, does not prevent trustees from being remunerated for non-trustee services they may provide to the fund in a separate professional capacity such as trade services and accounting. Section 17B of the SISA states that the trustee remuneration conditions do not apply if the individual trustees are remunerated for non-trustee duties or services where: • they perform the duties or services other than in the capacity of trustee • they are appropriately qualified and licensed to perform the duties or services • the duties or services are performed as part of a business through which the trustee provides similar services to the public, and • the remuneration is on an arm's length basis. In this case, the Trustee of the Fund is appropriately qualified to be remunerated for accounting services he could provide to the Fund. Section 17B of the SISA would be satisfied if you made the decision to contract these services to the Trustee in his individual capacity. [1] See paragraphs 2.31 to 2.35 of the Explanatory Memorandum to the Treasury Laws Amendment (2018 Superannuation Measures No. 1) Bill 2019 .