Private ruling: Income tax exemption
Date of advice: 3 August 2023
Published: 18 September 2023
Ruling period: Income year ending 30 June 2022 | Income year ending 30 June 2023 | Income year ending 30 June 2024 | Income year ending 30 June 2025 | Income year ending 30 June 2026
Date scheme commenced: 1 July 2021

Ruling: Q1: Is the Company exempt from income tax under section 50-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) as an association established for the purpose of promoting the development of Australian resources under item 8.2 of the table in section 50-40 of the ITAA 1997? | A1: Yes.

Relevant facts and circumstances: 1. The Company offers a prize to individuals in resource sectors. 2. The Company also runs a conference. 3. The prize is available to individuals in Australia and another country. 4. The winners of the prize are from Australia and the other country. 5. The winners of the Prize must contribute to the betterment of Australian resources. 6. The central offices of the Company are located in Australia, as are its members and the sponsors of the Prize. The Company also incurs its expenditure principally in Australia. 7. The Company's constitution prohibits it from applying its income and property for the benefit of individuals while it operates and on winding-up. 8. At all times, the Company has applied its income and property to promoting its objects and no part of the income or property has been paid or applied to the Company's members.

Relevant legislative provisions: Section 50-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 | Section 50-40 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 | Section 50-47 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997

Reasons for decision: Summary: Section 50-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) provides that the ordinary and statutory income of the entities covered by the tables in Division 50 is exempt from income tax. To be an exempt entity under item 8.2 of the table in section 50-40 of the ITAA 1997 an entity must be a society or association established for the purpose of promoting the development of any of the following Australian resources: (a) agricultural resources (b) horticultural resources (c) industrial resources (d) manufacturing resources (e) pastoral resources (f) viticultural resources (g) aquacultural resources (h) fishing resources. The society or association must also not be carried on for the profit or gain of its individual members, and must satisfy the special condition in section 50-47 of the ITAA 1997. | Detailed Reasoning - Society or association: The terms society and association are not defined in the ITAA 1997 and have their ordinary meaning. In Pro-campo Ltd. v. Commr of Land Tax (NSW) 81 ATC 4270; (1981) 12 ATR 26 the court made the following comments on the meaning of society and association (at 4279): In Theosophical Foundation Pty Ltd v. Commr of Land Tax (NSW) [1966] 67 SR (NSW)... Sugerman JA stated at 82: A society, in the relevant sense, is a number of persons associated together by some common interest or purpose, united by a common vow, holding the same belief or opinion, following the same trade or profession, etc; an association' (Oxford English Dictionary, 'Society'... The meaning of "society" as the Oxford Dictionary definition shows can be the equivalent of "association" and I do not think that any relevant distinction in nature exists between the two. It merely seems to have happened that some organisations are called "associations", others are called "societies" but no meaningful difference can be detected between the two... In short the ... words are describing bodies made up of groups of persons who have come together to implement common purposes and objects... The members of the Company voluntarily associate for its purposes. The Company is a society or association | Detailed Reasoning - Australian Resources: Resources or their elements include infrastructure, plant and equipment, livestock, personnel, knowledge, expertise and skills. An industry's businesses and their assets may be resources. In Australian Insurance Association v Federal Commissioner of Taxation 79 ATC 4569, Sheppard J stated '... the undertakings of Australian insurance companies viewed as a whole, are a resource of Australia. I use the word "undertakings" in the broadest sense. I include within it not only the businesses of the various companies but also their assets and the knowledge and skill of their staffs'. (at 4573). The Company offers a prize (the Prize) to people in resource sectors. Winners of the Prize are chosen from Australia and another country. The personnel of an industry are resources of that industry. As such, the Company is concerned with promoting the specified resources. Where an association promotes resources in Australia and another country, the association will satisfy the requirements of item 8.2 in section 50-40 of the ITAA 1997 provided it predominantly promotes the Australian resources. It is not required that the activities which promote development of the Australian resources be performed exclusively in Australia. Having the Prize open to people in resource sectors in Australia and another country strengthens cooperation between the two countries, which will ensure that the Australian resources benefit from the learnings and experiences of the other country. Having the Prize available to individuals from the other country is considered to promote Australian resources. The central offices of the Company are located in Australia, as are its members and the sponsors of the Prize. The Company also incurs its expenditure principally in Australia. Although the Prize is available to both Australian and other country recipients it is considered that the Company offers the Prize predominantly to promote Australian resources. | Detailed Reasoning - Established for the purpose of promoting development: The term 'development' is used in section 50-40 of the ITAA 1997 in a commercial or business sense. It comprehends all the elements which must be taken into account to ensure that the specified resources are used in the best interests of Australia. In Co-operative Bulk Handling Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2010] FCA 508, Gilmour J (at first instance) accepted that 'promoting the development of resources' under section 50-40 of the ITAA 1997 entails "unlocking, exploiting or bringing out the inherent potentialities and latent capabilities" of the resources. (at paragraph 80) This reflects the meaning of 'development' given by Kitto J in Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Broken Hill Proprietary Company (1969) 120 CLR 240 in the phrase 'development of mining property' used in section 122 of the Income Tax and Social Services Contribution Assessment Act 1936-1964 (Cth): In its ordinary English sense the word "development", when used in relation to a property, refers to the unfolding, the bringing out, of some latent capability of the property... It covers, I think, any preparation, adaption or equipment of the property for the exploitation of an inherent potentiality which cannot be exploited, or fully exploited, without some such preliminary treatment. (at 247) The promotion of development may be direct or indirect (direct promotion includes research, education, and new or improved products, and indirect promotion includes marketing), and may be promoted by facilitating the cooperation of businesses and instrumentalities. Income tax ruling, "IT 2415 Income tax : associations promoting development of Australian resources" states the following on the meaning of 'established for the purpose of promoting development': 8. It is important to note that paragraph 23(h) does not refer to the promotion of specified resources - it is directed to the promotion of the development of the specified resources. In the context of paragraph 23(h) the term "development" must be taken to be used in a commercial or business sense, i.e. it comprehends all the elements which must be taken into account to ensure that the specified resources are used in the best interests of Australia. Reference might usefully be made to the observations of the High Court in FCT v. Broken Hill Pty. Co. Ltd ., 69 ATC 4029; 1 ATR 40 on the meaning of the term "development" in relation to the development of a mining property. 9. There can be little doubt that the identification of, and programmes to overcome, manpower needs and the establishment of systematic training schemes in a particular industry are necessary for the efficient operation of the industry - they are part and parcel of the development of the resources specified in paragraph 23(h). although the connection may not be as readily apparent the development of marketing techniques may also be relevant to the development of resources - it could be said that there is little point in developing resources if the products of the resources cannot be sold... In Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Co-operative Bulk Handling Ltd [2010] FCAFC 155 Mansfield and McKerracher JJ made the following comments on the meaning of 'established' and 'purpose' in section 50-40 of the ITAA 1997: Two aspects, at least, of s 50-40 may be disposed of at the outset as they are common ground. First, "established" means maintained at the time at which qualification under the section is at issue... Secondly, "for the purpose" means "for the sole or dominant purpose" of conducting the relevant activity... In Boating Industries it was held that the requirement of s 23(h), a predecessor of s 50-40, was that the relevant organisation be "established" for, and not merely "involved" in, the purpose stated... The focus must be upon the periodic or recurrent purposes of the body in the year of income... (at paragraphs 13-15). The Company offers a prize to individuals in resource sectors. The Company also runs a conference. The winners of the Prize must contribute to the betterment of Australian resources. The Prize offered by the Company is an incentive for persons in the resource sectors to be leaders in those sectors and achieve excellence in those sectors. Through the Prize, the Company is promoting the development of Australian resources by encouraging people to excel in their field, and developing people in the resources sectors for the benefit and betterment of those sectors. The main purpose of the Company is considered to be the promotion of the development of Australian resources; the people in those sectors. The Prize does provide benefits to its recipients, but any benefits are considered incidental and ancillary to the main purpose. Accordingly, it is accepted that the Company is established for the main purpose of promoting the development of Australian resources. | Detailed Reasoning - Not be carried on for the profit or gain of its individual members: In Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Co-operative Bulk Handling Ltd 2010 ATC 20-231, Mansfield and McKerracher JJ stated the following about the meaning of 'not be carried on for the profit or gain of its individual members': In all cases of exemption, it must be the position that it is not open to the body to disburse any profits or dividends to members. (at paragraph 95) The Commissioner accepts an organisation is non-profit where its constituent or governing documents prevent it from distributing profits or assets for the benefit of particular people - both while it is operating and when it winds up. These documents should contain acceptable clauses showing the organisation's non- profit character. The organisation's actions must be consistent with this requirement. A non-profit organisation can still make a profit, but this profit must be used to carry out its purposes. The profits must not be distributed to owners, members or other private people. There are two requirements in the statement of non-profit character above. First, an entity's constituent documents must display a non-profit character. Second, the entity's actions must be consistent with this non-profit character. The Company's constitution prohibits it from applying its income and property for the benefit of individuals while it operates and on winding-up. There is no evidence that the Company acts contrary to this prohibition. | Detailed Reasoning - Section 50-47 of the ITAA 1997: Section 50-47 of the ITAA 1997 provides a special condition for all entities covered by section 50-1 of the ITAA 1997, it states: An entity that: (a) is covered by any item; and (b) is an ACNC type of entity; is not exempt from income tax unless the entity is registered under the Australian Charities and Not-for profits Commission Act 2012 . Broadly, an entity that can be registered as a charity with the Australian Charities and Not-for profits Commission (ACNC) is an 'ACNC type of entity'. The Charities Act 2013 (CA) sets out the requirements to be a charity. Section 12 of the CA provides purposes that are 'charitable purpose', and includes purposes such as advancing education and advancing health. The purposes of the Company are not charitable. As such, the Company is not capable of being registered as a charity, and is not an ACNC type of entity. Section 50-47 of the ITAA 1997 does not apply to the Company. | Detailed Reasoning - Conclusion: The Company is a society or association established for the purpose of promoting the development of Australian resources, and is an exempt entity under item 8.2 of the table in section 50-40 of the ITAA 1997. Therefore, the ordinary income and statutory income of the Company is exempt from income tax under section 50-1 of the ITAA 1997.