Private ruling: Consolidations and Division 7A
Date of advice: 30 October 2017
Published: March 2018
Ruling period: Income year ending 30 June 2018 | Income year ending 30 June 2019 | Income year ending 30 June 2020 | Income year ending 30 June 2021
Date scheme commenced: During the income year ended 30 June 2018

Ruling: Q1: Are the Unit Trusts subsidiary members of the Tax Group for the purposes of section 703-15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)? | A1: Yes | Q2: Will section 109T of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936) apply to the loan from Company X to Unit Trust Z such that the loan would be considered to be a loan between Company X and the Unit Trusts? | A2: Yes | Q3: Will section 109D of the ITAA 1936 be invoked when Company X makes a loan to the Unit Trusts as determined by section 109T of the ITAA 1936? | A3: No | Q4: In the event that the trustee of a Unit Trust accumulates the income of the trust in an income year, will liability to tax on that income be worked out as part of the head company's liability in accordance with subsection 701-1(2) of the ITAA 1997 (rather than subsection 99A(4) of the ITAA 1936)? | A4: Yes

Relevant facts and circumstances: Company H is the head company of an Australian income tax consolidated group (the Tax Group) having satisfied the requirements at item 1 of the table in subsection 703-15(2) of the ITAA 1997. The Tax Group is comprised of Company H, Unit Trust Z and a number of other trusts (the Unit Trusts). An associated company of Company H (Company X) is proposing to loan an amount of funds to Company F as trustee for Unit Trust Z, which will perform a role as a financing entity for the Tax Group. Company X is a private company as defined in subsection 103A(1) of the ITAA 1936 and has a distributable surplus as worked out in accordance with subsection 109Y(2) of the ITAA 1936. Unit Trust Z will in-turn on loan the funds it receives from Company X to one or more Unit Trusts who are members of the Tax Group. The Unit Trusts will use those funds in the furtherance of their enterprise. The loans will be made on an as needs basis over the coming income years. Each of the Unit Trusts is an associate of a shareholder in Company X and is a trust not covered by section 703-20 of the ITAA 1997. The Unit Trusts are not a corporate unit trust or a public trading trust; the trustees of the Unit Trusts are Australian residents; the central management and control of the trust estates is in Australia; and the Unit Trusts each carry on a business in Australia. Company H has always had 100% beneficial ownership of all the membership interests in the Unit Trusts, either directly or through one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries of Company H. Assumptions 1. The Unit Trusts will not cease to be subsidiary members of the Tax Group during the period to which this ruling relates. 2. The funds loaned by Company X to Unit Trust Z will not subsequently be paid or loaned by the Unit Trusts to an entity outside of the Tax Group.

Relevant legislative provisions: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 701-1 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 701-1(2) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 701-65 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 703-10(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 703-15 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 703-15(2) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 703-15(2)(b) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 703-20 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 section 703-25 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 paragraph 703-30(1)(c) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 subsection 995-1(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Division 6 of Part III | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 95(2) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 section 97 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 section 98 | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 section 99A | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 99A(4) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 103A(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Division 7A | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Division 7A Subdivision B | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 section 109D | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 109D(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Division 7A Subdivision D | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 section 109K | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Division 7A Subdivision E | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 section 109T | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 109T(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 paragraph 109T(1)(a) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 paragraph 109T(1)(b) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 paragraph 109T(1)(c) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 paragraph 109T(2)(b) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 109T(3) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 109W(1) | Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 subsection 190Y(2)

Reasons for decision: Summary: The Unit Trusts are subsidiary members of the Tax Group pursuant to paragraph 703-15(2)(b) of the ITAA 1997. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Subsection 703-10(1) of the ITAA 1997 provides that a consolidatable group consists of: (a) a single head company; and (b) all the subsidiary members of the group. Paragraph 703-15(2)(b) of the ITAA 1997 provides that an entity is a subsidiary member of a consolidated group or consolidatable group if all the requirements in item 2 of the table in subsection 703-15(2) of the ITAA 1997 are met in relation to the entity. The requirements, as they relate to the Unit Trusts, are that: (a) the Unit Trusts must not be a trust covered by section 703-20 of the ITAA 1997; (b) the Unit Trusts must comply with the residency requirements in section 703-25 of the ITAA 1997; and (c) the Unit Trusts must be a wholly-owned subsidiary of Company H (being the head company of the group). As each of the Unit Trusts is a trust not covered by section 703-20 of the ITAA 1997, the first requirement is satisfied. As: ● the trustees of the Unit Trusts are residents of Australia; ● the Unit Trusts each carry on a business in Australia; and ● the central management and control of the trust estates is in Australia, the Unit Trusts are both a resident trust estate for the purposes of Division 6 of Part III of the ITAA 1936 (pursuant to subsection 95(2) of the ITAA 1936), and a resident trust for CGT purposes (as defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997), thereby satisfying the residency requirements as prescribed in section 703-25 of the ITAA 1997. Under paragraph 703-30(1)(c) of the ITAA 1997, a subsidiary entity is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the holding entity if all the membership interests in the subsidiary entity are beneficially owned by the holding entity and one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries of the holding entity. As Company H has always had 100% beneficial ownership of all the membership interests in the Unit Trusts, either directly or through one or more of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Unit Trusts are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Company H, thereby satisfying the third requirement. Accordingly, each of the Unit Trusts will satisfy each of the requirements in item 2 of the table in subsection 703-15(2) of the ITAA 1997 and will qualify as a subsidiary member of a consolidatable group with Company H as the head company of that consolidatable group. | Summary: Section 109T of the ITAA 1936 will apply to the loan from Company X to Unit Trust Z such that the loan would be considered to be a loan between Company X and the Unit Trusts. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Subdivision E of Division 7A of Part III of the ITAA 1936 allows a private company to be taken under Subdivision B to pay a dividend to a shareholder or an associate of a shareholder (the target entity) if an entity interposed between the private company and the target entity makes a payment or loan to the target entity under an arrangement involving the private company. Subsection 109T(1) of the ITAA 1936 states: This Division operates as if a private company makes a payment or loan to an entity (the target entity ) as described in section 109V or 109W if: (a) the private company makes a payment or loan to another entity (the first interposed entity ) that is interposed between the private company and the target entity; and (b) a reasonable person would conclude (having regard to all the circumstances) that the private company made the payment or loan solely or mainly as part of an arrangement involving a payment or loan to the target entity; and (c) either: i. the first interposed entity makes a payment or loan to the target entity; or ii. another entity interposed between the private company and the target entity makes a payment or loan to the target entity. If the conditions in subsection 109T(1) of the ITAA 1936 are satisfied then, subject to subsection 109T(3), Division 7A operates as if the private company made the payment or loan direct to the target entity. Pursuant to subsections 109T(1) and 109W(1) of the ITAA 1936, Company X will be taken to have made a loan to each of the Unit Trusts when Unit Trust Z makes the loans to the Unit Trusts for the following reasons: ● Company X (being a private company) will make a loan to Unit Trust Z (the first interposed entity), and Unit Trust Z is interposed between Company X and the Unit Trusts (the target entities) (paragraph 109T(1)(a) of the ITAA 1936); ● a reasonable person would conclude (having regard to all the circumstances) that Company X will make the loan to Unit Trust Z solely or mainly as part of an arrangement involving a loan to the Unit Trusts (paragraph 109T(1)(b) of the ITAA 1936); ● Unit Trust Z (as the first interposed entity) will make loans to the Unit Trusts (paragraph 109T(1)(c) of the ITAA 1936); and ● subsection 109T(3) of the ITAA 1936 will not apply to deny the operation of section 109T of the ITAA 1936. The fact that Unit Trust Z will not lend to the Unit Trusts the same amount lent to it by Company X will not deny the operation of section 109T of the ITAA 1936 (paragraph 109T(2)(b) of the ITAA 1936). | Summary: Section 109D of the ITAA 1936 will not apply when Company X makes a loan to the Unit Trusts as determined by section 109T of the ITAA 1936. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Subsection 109D(1) of the ITAA 1936 provides that a private company is taken to pay a dividend to a shareholder (or an associate of such a shareholder) at the end of a year of income if: a) the private company makes a loan to the entity during the year of income; and b) the loan is not fully repaid before the lodgement day for the current year; and c) Subdivision D does not prevent the treatment of the loan as a dividend. Subdivision D of Division 7A of the ITAA 1936 sets out circumstances for loans and payments that are not treated as dividends. One of the circumstances, pursuant to section 109K of the ITAA 1936, is that a private company is not taken to pay a dividend under section 109D where the private company makes a loan to another company. As ruled by the Commissioner in paragraph 4 of Taxation Ruling TR 2004/11, the single entity rule (SER) prescribed in section 701-1 of the ITAA 1997 operates for the purposes of working out the amount of the head company and subsidiary member’s liability for income tax and the amount of a loss for a relevant period (the core purposes), and include all matters relevant and incidental to those calculations. The intended operation of the SER is to apply the income tax laws to a consolidated group as if it were a single entity. A consequence of the SER is that while an entity is a subsidiary member of a consolidated group, actions and transactions of that member are treated as having been undertaken by the head company (paragraph 8 of TR 2004/11). Another consequence of the SER is that the liabilities of the subsidiary member are treated to be liabilities of the head company, as it is the only entity recognised for income tax purposes (paragraph 2.20 of the Explanatory Memorandum to the New Business Tax System (Consolidation) Act (No.1) 2002 ). As section 109D of the ITAA 1936 may deem a loan received from a private company as a dividend, it is a matter relevant to the calculation of the income tax liability of the recipient. Consequently, the SER will apply to the recipient. It follows that the loans deemed by subsection 109T(1) and 109W(1) of the ITAA 1936 to be made from Company X to the Unit Trusts will be taken to be received by Company H (as the head company) pursuant to the SER. As Company H is a company (and the loans will not be taken to have been made to it in a trustee capacity), section 109K of the ITAA 1936 will apply such that section 109D of the ITAA 1936 will not apply to treat Company X as having paid a dividend. It should be noted that if the money that will be loaned ended up being paid or loaned to an entity outside the consolidated group, the SER will not apply (on the basis that the SER only applies for the core purposes). Whether or not Division 7A of the ITAA 1936 applies to treat an entity outside of the consolidated group as receiving an assessable dividend is irrelevant for the core purposes. | Summary: In the event that the trustee of a Unit Trust resolves to accumulate the income of the trust estate, liability to tax on that income would be worked out as part of the head company's liability in accordance with subsection 701-1(2) of the ITAA 1997. Subsection 99A(4) of the ITAA 1936 will not apply to assess the trustee of the Unit Trust. | Detailed Reasoning - Detailed reasoning: Subsection 99A(4) of the ITAA 1936 provides: Where there is no part of the net income of a resident trust estate: (a) that is included in the assessable income of a beneficiary of the trust estate in pursuance of section 97; (b) in respect of which the trustee of the trust estate is assessed and liable to pay tax in pursuance of section 98; or (c) that represents income to which a beneficiary is presently entitled that is attributable to a period when the beneficiary was not a resident and is also attributable to sources out of Australia; the trustee shall be assessed and is liable to pay tax on the net income of the trust estate at the rate declared by the Parliament for the purposes of this section. The terms of the Unit Trusts’ deeds enable the trustee to accumulate all or any part of the income arising during an income year. In such an instance no beneficiary would be presently entitled to any income of the trust. However, as set out in explanation to the response to Question 3 of this ruling, if a trust is part of a consolidated tax group the income of the trust is deemed to be income of the head company for the purposes of calculating the head company's income tax liability and for the purposes of calculating the net income of the trust: section 701-1 of the ITAA 1997. Accordingly, for those purposes, the general trust income-assessing rules under section 99A of the ITAA 1936 do not apply to assess a trustee on that income during the period of consolidation pursuant to section 701-65 of the ITAA 1997.