silkski/ENERAD huggingface dataset:
Instances of transportation models are abundant and detailed " how to " instruction is available in the form of transportation software help documentation . The purpose of this paper is to look at the fundamental inputs required to build a transportation model by developing an example passenger travel demand model . The example model reduces the scale to a manageable size for the purpose of illustrating the data collection and analysis required before the first step of the model begins . This aspect of the model development would not reasonably be discussed in software help documentation ( it is assumed the model developer comes prepared ) . Recommendations are derived from the example passenger travel demand model to suggest future work regarding the data collection and analysis required for a freight travel demand model .
D. McKay and colleagues suggested that four sets of features in ALH84001 were biomarkers , signs of an ancient martian biota that once inhabited the meteorite . Subsequent work has not validated their hypothesis ; each suggested biomarker has been found to be ambiguous or immaterial . Nor has their hypothesis been disproved . Rather , it is now one of many hypotheses about the alteration of ALH84001 . Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract .
This viewgraph presentation reviews the AVIRIS Argentina Campaign . 125 flight lines were collected for EO-1 science validation team and CONAE - funded investigators . The preliminary results from two vicarious calibration experiments conducted in Argentina are shown . AVIRIS has been shown to be well calibrated . Charts of optical depth measurements , calibration target measured surface reflectance , top - of atmosphere radiance , and images of various sites in Argentina are shown
A web site dedicated to Mars Mineral Spectroscopy has been established at http://www.mtholyoke.edu/go/mars . Its goal is to provide an easily accessible data set of Mossbauer spectra of minerals collected over a range of temperatures , to provide suitable analog spectra for data acquired on remote surfaces such as Mars . Complementing these data ( eventually ) will be both reflectance FTIR data , collected at Brown University 's RELAB facility , and Raman spectra to be collected by Jill Pasteris at Washington University St. Louis . Through our Education link , we provide information for those wishing to learn about how Mossbauer and other types of spectroscopy work . Our emphasis is to study only well - characterized mineral samples that represent typical rock - forming occurrences such as might exist on Mars and other terrestrial bodies in our solar system .
We have become impatient waiting for a web page to load , but the first member of our species evolved about 150,000 years ago - a geological instant as brief and as transitory as a text message . The shortest generation time of a bacterium is a sprint at under ten minutes , whereas a 200 - year old whale , turtle or tree is not unknown . Life is a phenomenon that integrates processes ranging from the near instantaneous reactions of photosynthesis to the more stately pace of evolution . Here I will elucidate these processes with radically different time scales that go to creating and maintaining the diversity of life on earth , the clocks that nature uses to time them , and how modern biology is being used to alter the natural time scales .
Solid electrolyte interphase ( SEI ) formation in lithium ion cells prepared with advanced electrolytes is investigated by solid state multinuclear ( 7Li , 19F , 31P ) magnetic resonance ( NMR ) measurements of electrode materials harvested from cycled cells subjected to an accelerated aging protocol . The electrolyte composition is varied to include the addition of fluorinated carbonates and triphenyl phosphate ( TPP , a flame retardant ) . In addition to species associated with LiPF6 decomposition , cathode NMR spectra are characterized by the presence of compounds originating from the TPP additive . Substantial amounts of LiF are observed in the anodes as well as compounds originating from the fluorinated carbonates .
The station - keeping plan for the James Webb Space Telescope is zero velocity in the x - component at the fourth successive crossing of the XZ plane of the rotation libration point frame . A differential corrector is employed to determine the necessary delta - v. Maneuvering along the position component of the stable eigenvector of the monodromy matrix produces a minimum delta - v solution . The techniques developed to determine the minimum maneuver direction in a full ephemeris model , along with strategies to cope with the attitude constraints imposed by the sunshield that prevents the ability to maneuver along the stable eigenvector , are examined in this study .
In April 2006 , NASA , with help from the commercial and international communities , began developing a global Lunar Exploration Strategy . These activities resulted in themes that expanded on why we should return to the Moon and objectives that identify what we should do when we get there . NASA used these results to develop a Lunar Architecture designed to achieve the subset of the global Lunar Exploration Strategy objectives that fit within NASA 's scope . A component of this architecture is the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program . This Program , anticipated to consist of both lunar orbiters and landers , is intended to meet many of NASA 's lunar exploration objectives .
Nonlinear parabolized stability equations and secondary instability analyses are used to provide a computational assessment of the potential use of the discrete roughness elements ( DRE ) technology for extending swept - wing natural laminar flow at chord Reynolds numbers relevant to transport aircraft . Computations performed for the boundary layer on a natural laminar flow airfoil with a leading - edge sweep angle of 34.6deg , free - stream Mach number of 0.75 and chord Reynolds numbers of 17 x 10(exp 6 ) , 24 x 10(exp 6 ) and 30 x 10(exp 6 ) suggest that DRE could delay laminar - turbulent transition by about 20 % when transition is caused by stationary crossflow disturbances . Computations show that the introduction of small wavelength stationary crossflow disturbances ( i.e. , DRE ) also suppresses the growth of most amplified traveling crossflow disturbances .
This slide presentation reviews the anomaly discovered on the Solar Alpha Rotary Joint ( SARJ ) . This anomaly was discovered when the SARJ mechanism produced anomalous telemetry and noticeable vibrations . Metallic debris was discovered throughout the vicinity of the mechanism . Samples were taken from the SARJ , and the findings of the analysis are discussed .
NASA provides a wide variety of Earth - observing satellite data products to a diverse community . These data are annotated with quality information in a variety of ways , with the result that many users struggle to understand how to properly account for quality when dealing with satellite data . To address this issue , a Data Quality Screening Service ( DQSS ) is being implemented for a number of datasets . The DQSS will enable users to obtain data files in which low - quality pixels have been filtered out , based either on quality criteria recommended by the science team or on the user s particular quality criteria . The objective is to increase proper utilization of this critical quality data in science data analysis of satellite data products .
This educational outreach activity provided students with information about ARC 's role in conducting life sciences research in space . Students were introduced to the scientific method while conducting a plant experiment that was correlated to the flight animal experiment . Students made daily observations , collected data and reported on their findings . This classroom experiment providing a hands - on learning opportunity about terrestrial and space biology in which exposed the students to new fields of study for future endeavors .
Auroral precipitation models have been valuable both in terms of space weather applications and space science research . Yet very limited testing has been performed regarding model performance . A variety of auroral models are available , including empirical models that are parameterized by geomagnetic indices or upstream solar wind conditions , now casting models that are based on satellite observations , or those derived from physics - based , coupled global models . In this presentation , we will show our preliminary results regarding V&V efforts of some of the models .
The International Space Station ( ISS ) Environmental Control and Life Support ( ECLS ) system includes regenerative and non - regenerative technologies that provide the basic life support functions to support the crew , while maintaining a safe and habitable shirtsleeve environment . This paper provides a summary of the U.S. ECLS system activities over the prior year , covering the period of time between March 2011 and February 2012 . The ISS continued permanent crew operations including the continuation of six crew members being on ISS . Work continues on the last of the Phase 3 pressurized elements , the commercial cargo resupply vehicles , and work to try and extend ISS service life from 2015 to at least 2028 .
The spallation phenomenon was studied through numerical analysis using a coupled Lagrangian particle tracking code and a hypersonic aerothermodynamics computational fluid dynamics solver . The results show that carbon emission from spalled particles results in a significant modification of the gas composition of the post shock layer . Preliminary results from a test - campaign at the NASA Langley HYMETS facility are presented . Using an automated image processing of high - speed images , two - dimensional velocity vectors of the spalled particles were calculated . In a 30 second test at 100 W / cm2 of cold - wall heat - flux , more than 1300 particles were detected , with an average velocity of 102 m / s , and most frequent observed velocity of 60 m / s.
Preliminary results of an experimental investigation of a Mach 2.5 two - dimensional axisymmetric shock - wave / boundary - layer interaction ( SWBLI ) are presented . The purpose of the investigation is to create a SWBLI dataset specifically for CFD validation purposes . Presented herein are the details of the facility and preliminary measurements characterizing the facility and interaction region . The results will serve to define the region of interest where more detailed mean and turbulence measurements will be made .
The phase retrieval algorithm developed for the James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST ) is used to process archival image data that was originally used to characterize the Hubble primary mirror edge defect . The Hubble mirror conic constant is inferred from these results and comparisons are made with earlier conic values reported by teams comprising the HARP ( Hubble Aberration Recovery Project ) study . A number of important lessons learned from the Hubble phase retrieval problem are described and a discussion is given on how these have been incorporated into the JWST Observatory design .
Microporous black polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE ) flexible thin sheets are successfully flown as solar diffusers on NASA 's Origins , Spectral Interpretation , Resource Identification , and Security - Regolith Explorer ( OSIRIS - REx ) spacecraft . They serve as multilayer insulation ( MLI ) blanket outer covers for the arm of the Touch And Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism ( TAGSAM ) , the sunshade of the OSIRIS - REx Camera Suite ( OCAMS ) PolyCam imager , and the motor riser of the OCAMS SamCam imager . Additionally , microporous white PTFE flexible thin sheets are successfully flown as a MLI blanket outer cover with a low ratio of absorptance to emittance for the Regolith X - ray Imaging Spectrometer ( REXIS ) . For ground testing , microporous black and white PTFE flexible thin sheets were successfully used as optical targets of the Touch And Go Camera System ( TAGCAMS ) NavCam imagers in the flight system thermal vacuum test .
World Wide Web ( W3 ) technologies are considered in relation to their application to space missions . It is considered that such technologies , including the hypertext transfer protocol and the Java object - oriented language , offer a powerful and relatively inexpensive framework for distributed application software development . The suitability of these technologies for payload monitoring systems development is discussed , and the experience gained from the development of an insect habitat monitoring system based on W3 technologies is reported .
The Thermal Infrared Sensor ( TIRS ) is an instrument on Landsat 8 , launched in February 2013 . The focal plane is cooled by a two - stage Ball Aerospace Stirling cycle cryocooler , with a coldfinger operating at 40K. This paper describes events during the spacecraft integration and test program , and results from early orbit operation of the cryocooler .
Pavillion Lake is 5.7 km long and an average of 0.8 km in width , and is located in Marble Canyon in the interior of British Columbia , Canada . It is a slightly alkaline , freshwater lake with a maximum - recorded depth of 65 m. The basin walls of Pavilion Lake are lined with microbialite structures that are oriented perpendicularly to the shoreline , and which are found from depths of 5 meters to the bottom of the photic zone ( light levels 1 % of ambient ; approximately 30 m depth ) . These structures are speculated to have begun formation nearly 11,000 years ago , after the glacial retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet . They are likely a distinctive assemblage of freshwater calcite microbialites , which display micromorphologies possibly related to the ancient Epiphyton and Girvanella classes of calcareous organosedimentary structures .
To gain confidence in developing analytical models of the purging process for the cryogenic main propulsion systems of upper stage , two test series were conducted . Test article , a 3.35 m long with the diameter of 20 cm incline line , was filled with liquid ( LH2)or gaseous hydrogen ( GH2 ) and then purged with gaseous helium ( GHe ) . Total of 10 tests were conducted . Influences of GHe flow rates and initial temperatures were evaluated . Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program ( GFSSP ) , an in - house general - purpose fluid system analyzer , was utilized to model and simulate selective tests .
The objective of this effort is to develop an efficient and accurate thermo - fluid computational methodology to predict environments for a solid - core , nuclear thermal engine thrust chamber . The computational methodology is based on an unstructured - grid , pressure - based computational fluid dynamics formulation . A two - pronged approach is employed in this effort : A detailed thermo - fluid analysis on a multi - channel flow element for mid - section corrosion investigation ; and a global modeling of the thrust chamber to understand the effect of heat transfer on thrust performance . Preliminary results on both aspects are presented .
NASA 's 2003 - 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers and associated Athena Science Payload will provide an exciting opportunity to get students and the public involved in Mars exploration . One outreach component , the Athena Student Interns Program , will directly engage high school students in scientific discovery on Mars by incorporating the students into the mission s science team . The Athena Student Interns Program , based on the successful LAPIS program , was prototyped during the FIDO rover field trials that took place in the Arizona desert and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) in August 2002 ( http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mer/fido ) . Use of a participatory evaluation process allowed mid - course corrections to be made to the program and provided the model for mission - related outreach .
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) Glenn Research Center ( GRC ) is investigating current and anticipated wireless communications concepts and technologies that the National Airspace System ( NAS ) may need in the next 50 years . NASA has awarded three NASA Research Announcements ( NAR ) studies with the objective to determine the most promising candidate technologies for air - to - air and air - to - ground data exchange and analyze their suitability in a post - NextGen NAS environment . This paper will present progress made in the studies and describe the communications challenges and opportunities that have been identified during the studies ' first year .
The method developed for measuring both in - plane & out - of - plane cryo deformations of AMSD reaction structures at the XRCF will be presented . For in - plane measurements , a theodolite is used to track the positions of several ( up to ten ) targets on the reaction structure . For out - of - plane measurements , the Leica ADM is used to measure the change in distance to several ( up to ten ) corner cubes attached to the reaction structure .
We present an overview of the top priority science questions outlined in the Planetary Exploration Decadal Survey , " Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013 - 2022 . " The recommended mission portfolio , along with expected infrastructure challenges , should drive investments over the decade . The instrument and technology needs for the next decade will be presented , with a summary of progress since the Decadal .
Despite deregulation on the air - transportation markets , many connections are still operated by a single operator . Regulation is thus a central issue in this industry . There is however a great concern for the ( possibly negative ) consequences of price regulation on the quality of services . We argue that both aspects should be considered jointly and propose a mechanism that allow to decentralize the optimal structure of services in this industry . The regulatory procedure is robust to the introduction of heterogeneity in the travellers ' valuation of the connections ' frequency .
Spaceflight computing is a key resource in NASA space missions and a core determining factor of spacecraft capability , with ripple effects throughout the spacecraft , end - to - end system , and the mission ; it can be aptly viewed as a " technology multiplier " in that advances in onboard computing provide dramatic improvements in flight functions and capabilities across the NASA mission classes , and will enable new flight capabilities and mission scenarios , increasing science and exploration return per mission - dollar .
The International X - ray Observatory requires mirror assemblies with unprecedented characteristics that can not be provided by existing optical technologies . In the past several years , the project has supported a vigorous mirror technology development program . This program includes the fabrication of lightweight mirror segments by slumping commercially available thin glass sheets , the support and mounting of these thin mirror segments for accurate metrology , the mounting and attachment of these mirror segments for the purpose of X - ray tests , and development of methods for aligning and integrating these mirror segments into mirror assemblies . This paper describes our efforts and developments in these areas .
We describe a new joint observing program for routine measurement of near - Earth object ( NEO ) spectra being conducted by MIT , the University of Hawaii , and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility ( IRTF ) on Mauna Kea , Hawaii . All spectroscopic observations obtained in this campaign are being made publicly available in near - real time .
The presentation includes information about growth of the satellite population , the U.S. Space Surveillance Network , tracking and catalog maintenance , Haystack and HAX radar observation , Goldstone radar , the Michigan Orbital Debris Survey Telescope ( MODEST ) , spacecraft surface examinations and sample of space shuttle impacts . GEO / LEO observations from Kwajalein Atoll , NASA s Orbital Debris Engineering Model ( ORDEM2008 ) , a LEO - to - GEO Environment Debris Model ( LEGEND ) , Debris Assessment Software ( DAS ) 2.0 , the NASA / JSC BUMPER - II meteoroid / debris threat assessment code , satellite reentry risk assessment , optical size and shape determination , work on more complicated fragments , and spectral studies .
Three nondestructive evaluation methods are being developed to identify defects in the foam thermal protection system ( TPS ) of the Space Shuttle External Tank ( ET ) . Shearography is being developed to identify shallow delaminations , shallow voids and crush damage in the foam while terahertz imaging and backscatter radiography are being developed to identify voids and cracks in thick foam regions . The basic theory of operation along with factors affecting the results of these methods will be described . Also , the evolution of these methods from lab tools to implementation on the ET will be discussed . Results from both test panels and flight tank inspections will be provided to show the range in defect sizes and types that can be readily detected .
This paper presents the results of an experiment examining the percentage of current that returns on adjacent wires or through a surrounding cable shield rather than through a shared conducting chassis . Simulation and measurement data are compared from 1 kHz 1 MHz for seven common cable configurations . The phenomenon is important to understand , because minimizing the return current path is vital in developing systems with low radiated emissions .
The disciplinary goals of the Human Research Program are broadly discussed . There is a critical need to identify gaps in the evidence that would substantiate a skeletal health risk during and after spaceflight missions . As a result , data mining activities will be engaged to gather reviews of medical data and flight analog data and to propose additional measures and specific analyses . Several studies are briefly reviewed which have topics that partially address these gaps in knowledge , including bone strength recovery with recovery of bone mass density , current renal stone formation knowledge , herniated discs , and a review of bed rest studies conducted at Ames Human Research Facility .
Next generation habitats for deep space exploration of cislunar space , the Moon , and ultimately Mars will benefit from on - board glovebox capability . Such a glovebox facility will maintain sample integrity for a variety of scientific endeavors whether for life science , materials science , or astromaterials . Glovebox lessons learned from decades of astromaterials curation , ISS on - board sample handling , and robust analog missions provide key design and operational factors for inclusion in on - going habitat development .
The evolving and ever - increasing demands of emergency response and disaster relief support provided by rotorcraft dictate , among other things , the development of enhanced rescue lift capability for these platforms . This preliminary analysis is first - order in nature but provides considerable insight into some of the challenges inherent in trying to effect rescue using a unique form of robotic rescue device deployed and operated from rotary - wing aerial platforms .
Aerobic fitness is best measured by Maximal Aerobic Capacity or VO2 Max which is defined as a measure of oxygen utilization and transport . Increased Vo2 max indicates improved oxygen consumption during high level exercise and is widely accepted as a predictor of an individual 's likelihood of successfully completing a demanding task . As such , agencies and organizations have adopted VO2 max as part of a comprehensive set of physical requirements . The purpose of this study is to review the literature and existing medical and occupational VO2 max data , to propose a VO2 max standard for NASA astronauts for training and spaceflight .