silkski/ENERAD huggingface dataset:
Over the course of four years , a team of aerospace engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Armstrong Flight Research Center completed four projects , each with the objective to research sonic - boom signatures from a ground - and building - level perspective . The relatively compressed timeline of these projects resulted in many lessons learned . With each successive project , these lessons have been more relied upon and referenced . This paper provides a high - level overview of the teams relevant lessons learned and the importance of these lessons for future projects .
Three - dimensional/3 - D organotypic models of human intestinal epithelium mimic the differentiated form and function of parental tissues often not exhibited by 2 - D monolayers and respond to Salmonella in ways that reflect in vivo infections . To further enhance the physiological relevance of 3 - D models to more closely approximate in vivo intestinal microenvironments during infection , we developed and validated a novel 3 - D intestinal co - culture model containing multiple epithelial cell types and phagocytic macrophages , and applied to study enteric infection by different Salmonella pathovars .
HSRP Goals in Accelerator Use and Development are : 1.Need for ground - based heavy ion and proton facility to understand space radiation effects discussed most recently by NAS / NRC Report ( 1996 ) . 2 . Strategic Program Goals in facility usage and development : -(1 ) operation of AGS for approximately 600 beam hours / year ; ( 2 ) operation of Loma Linda University ( LLU ) proton facility for approximately 400 beam hours / year ; ( 3 ) construction of BAF facility ; and ( 4 ) collaborative research at HIMAC in Japan and with other existing or potential international facilities . 3 . MOA with LLU has been established to provide proton beams with energies of 40 - 250 important for trapped protons and solar proton events . 4 . Limited number of beam hours available at Brookhaven National Laboratory 's ( BNL ) Alternating Gradient Synchrotron ( AGS ) .
This paper provides details of developments pertaining to vibration analysis of gyroscopic systems , that involves a finite element structural discretization followed by the solution of the resulting matrix eigenvalue problem by a progressive , accelerated simultaneous iteration technique . Thus Coriolis , centrifugal and geometrical stiffness matrices are derived for shell and line elements , followed by the eigensolution details as well as solution of representative problems that demonstrates the efficacy of the currently developed numerical procedures and tools .
Factors relating to the airport - community noise problem are discussed herein . The noise problems are associated with aircraft landing approaches , take - offs , and climbouts in communities near commercial airports . The main objectives are to identify the significant factors involved in the problem , to define some of their interrelationships , and to present recent related research information from NASA in - house and contract studies . Changes in the types of aircraft power plants , the aircraft operating procedures , and the community itself are all judged to be important ; however , these changes should not be made without understanding the associated human - response implications .
The Space Launch System and Orion spacecraft experience unique load cases during upper stage flight since the Orion must deploy its solar arrays before the upper stage engine fires .   The low frequency bending modes of the deployed arrays have the potential to interact with the slosh modes of the upper stage , and with the upper stage flight steady - state accelerations this can induce high loads in the array mechanisms .   A time - domain transient response solution is used to evaluate the array mechanism loads , sensitivities are noted , and the final loads are determined to be within the capability of the mechanism .   Section loads and accelerations are also recovered and assessed .
NASA invests in professional coaching as a way to accelerate the development of its staff . The speaker shares one foundational human development model in coaching - the Six Streams - and applies it to the challenges that new scientists face . The speaker also describes how a new scientist can develop greater capabilities in the Six Streams so that they can become a more effective scientist and feel more satisfaction with their work .
This viewgraph presentation reviews various methods of decision making and the impact that they have on space economics and systems engineering . Some of the methods discussed are : Present Value and Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) ; Cost - Benefit Analysis ; Real Options ; Cost - Effectiveness Analysis ; Cost - Utility Analysis ; Multi - Attribute Utility Theory ( MAUT ) ; and Analytic Hierarchy Process ( AHP ) .
The miniaturized laser heterodyne radiometer ( mini - LHR ) is a ground - based passive variation of a laser heterodyne radiometer that uses sunlight to measure absorption of CO2 andCH4 in the infrared . Sunlight is collected using collimation optics mounted to an AERONET sun tracker , modulated with a fiber switch and mixed with infrared laser light in a fast photoreciever . The amplitude of the resultant RF ( radio frequency ) beat signal correlates with the concentration of the gas in the atmospheric column .
Brief presentation highlighting the accomplishments of NASA upon its 50th anniversary . NASA 's first manned space flight , voyage to the moon , planetary exploration , space station construction , international cooperation , space habitat construction and the deployment of multiple satellites including the Hubble Space Telescope , Gamma Ray Observatory , Magellan and Galileo . More recent efforts include the construction of the Ares transportation system and a return to human exploration beyond low - Earth orbit . The author also urges for continued space exploration via the National Space Policy through the authorization of Congress .
SERVIR is a regional visualization and monitoring system for Mesoamerica that integrates satellite and other geospatial data for improved scientific knowledge and decision making by managers , researchers , students , and the general public . SERVIR addresses the nine societal benefit areas of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems ( GEOSS ) . This talk will provide an overview of products and services available through SERVIR .
This paper describes an integrated assessment tool developed at NASA Langley Research Center that incorporates probabilistic analysis of life cycle cost , schedule , launch performance , on - orbit performance , and value across a series of planned space - based missions , or campaign . Originally designed as an aid in planning the execution of missions to accomplish the National Research Council 2007 Earth Science Decadal Survey , it utilizes Monte Carlo simulation of a series of space missions for assessment of resource requirements and expected return on investment . Interactions between simulated missions are incorporated , such as competition for launch site manifest , to capture unexpected and non - linear system behaviors . A novel value model is utilized to provide an assessment of the probabilistic return on investment . A demonstration case is discussed to illustrate the tool utility .
A deconvolution method is presented for estimating input data from measured output data and a model of the dynamic process involved . The method uses an optimal Wiener filter for separating the measured data into signal and noise components , and a high - accuracy Fourier transform for inverting the model dynamics in the frequency domain . The method is an extension of optimal Fourier smoothing , and uses a technique to enhance the contrast between the signal and noise spectra in designing the Wiener filter . The deconvolution method was applied to simulation and flight test data for the purposes of removing unwanted distortions introduced by signal - conditioning filters and sensor dynamics , and for reconstructing turbulence inputs from measured sensor data . Results indicated hat the method performs well given good signal - to - noise levels and accurate models of the dynamic process .
The BFS method for alloys is applied to the study of Co growth on Cu(111 ) . The parameterization of the Co - Cu system is obtained from first - principles calculations , and tested against known experimental features for low coverage Co deposition on Cu(100 ) and Cu(111 ) . Atomistic simulations are performed to investigate the behavior of Co on Cu(111 ) as a function of coverage .
Two continuous operation 18 K/20 K sorption coolers are being developed by JPL for the ESA Planck mission to provide about 200 mW of cooling at 18 K and 1.4 W at 20 K.   A detailed   performance prediction model has been developed to support the design process and to evaluate the results of a prototype testing .
Over five years , NASA , together with partnering organizations , has been developing and successfully demonstrating the maturing capabilities of the Unmanned Aircraft Systems ( UAS ) Traffic Management ( UTM ) system and its ability to support communication and coordination among small UAS operations through a series of flight tests . During these flight tests , human - system interaction ( HSI ) elements were also explored in order to identify the barriers to implementation as human operators transitionally fulfill roles that will be ultimately tasked to future automation . Throughout the tests , similar issues were regularly documented and are expected to persist if not formally addressed by consistent procedures or regulation . Documented here , along with suggested mitigations , are the most frequently noted HSI items , which include operator training , data standardization , and information quantity .
This paper describes MEXEC , an implemented micro executive that compiles a device model into an interal structure .   Not only does this structure facilitate computing the most likely   current device mode from n sets of sensor measurements , but it also facilitates generating an n step reconfiguration plan that is most likely not to result in reaching a target mode -   if such a plan exists .
We consider homogeneous turbulence in a conducting fluid that is exposed to a uniform external magnetic field while being sheared in fixed and rotating frames . We take both the frame - rotation axis and the applied magnetic field to be aligned in the direction normal to the plane of the mean shear . Here a systematic parametric study is carried out in a series of Direct Numerical Simulations ( DNS ) in order to clarify the main effects determining the structural anisotropy and stability of the flow .
This paper reviews the use of piloted simulation at Langley Research Center as part of the NASA High - Angle - of - Attack Technology Program ( HATP ) , which was created to provide concepts and methods for the design of advanced fighter aircraft . A major research activity within this program is the development of the design processes required to take advantage of the benefits of advanced control concepts for high - angle - of - attack agility . Fundamental methodologies associated with the effective use of piloted simulation for this research are described , particularly those relating to the test techniques , validation of the test results , and design guideline / criteria development .
A systematic approach is presented to constructing a radiation assurance case using Goal Structured Notation ( GSN ) for spacecraft containing COTS parts . The GSN paradigm is applied to an SRAM single - event upset experiment board designed to fly on a CubeSat November 2016 . Construction of a radiation assurance case without use of hardened parts or extensive radiation testing is discussed .
Collection and processing of information are critical aspects of every business activity from raw data to information to an executable decision . Configuration Management ( CM ) supports KM practices through its automated business practices and its integrated operations within the organization . This presentation delivers an overview of JSC / Space Life Sciences Directorate ( SLSD ) and its methods to encourage innovation through collaboration and participation . Specifically , this presentation will illustrate how SLSD CM creates an embedded KM activity with an established IT platform to control and update baselines , requirements , documents , schedules , budgets , while tracking changes essentially managing critical knowledge elements .
The essence of a distributed control system is the modular partitioning of control function across a hardware implementation . This type of control architecture requires embedding electronics in a multitude of control element nodes for the execution of those functions , and their integration as a unified system . As the field of distributed aeropropulsion control moves toward reality , questions about building and validating these systems remain . This paper focuses on the development of hardware - in - the - loop ( HIL ) test techniques for distributed aero engine control , and the application of HIL testing as it pertains to potential advanced engine control applications that may now be possible due to the intelligent capability embedded in the nodes .
High fidelity computations were carried out to analyze the orbiter M2 feedline flowliner . Various computational models were used to characterize the unsteady flow features in the turbopump , including the orbiter Low - Pressure - Fuel - Turbopump ( LPFTP ) inducer , the orbiter manifold and a test article used to represent the manifold . Unsteady flow originating from the orbiter LPFTP inducer is one of the major contributors to the high frequency cyclic loading that results in high cycle fatigue damage to the gimbal flowliners just upstream of the LPFTP . The flow fields for the orbiter manifold and representative test article are computed and analyzed for similarities and differences . An incompressible Navier - Stokes flow solver INS3D , based on the artificial compressibility method , was used to compute the flow of liquid hydrogen in each test article .
Calculations and experiments have been undertaken to determine the property of the backscattered laser - return signal that undergoes the most significant change in a turbulent region as compared with a nonturbulent region . If the turbulent region is composed mainly of air molecules , the detection of a shift in the frequency property appears to be the most promising . Therefore at this time the main effort at the Ames Research Center is focused on the implementation and laboratory evaluation of a clear - air turbulence detector utilizing a laser source and observing the frequency change .
The organization of the management of a parts program is discussed . The organizational structure faced by the parts manager and the advantages and disadvantages of managing a coordinated parts program are analyzed . The reliable operation of an instrument is the key to the success of the mission , together with the management of the parts program . The analysis led to the conclusion that the setting up of the decision support model will aid the parts manager in the decision making and the process control .
A comparison between an Evolutionary Algorithm ( EA ) and an Adjoint - Gradient ( AG ) Method applied to a two - dimensional Navier - Stokes code for airfoil design is presented . Both approaches use a common function evaluation code , the steady - state explicit part of the code , ARC2D. The parameterization of the design space is a common B - spline approach for an airfoil surface , which together with a common griding approach , restricts the AG and EA to the same design space . Results are presented for a class of viscous transonic airfoils in which the optimization tradeoff between drag minimization as one objective and lift maximization as another , produces the multi - objective design space . Comparisons are made for efficiency , accuracy and design consistency .
This paper presents a case study of how factors such as wind prediction errors and metering delays can influence controller performance and workload in Human - In - The - Loop simulations . Retired air traffic controllers worked two arrival sectors adjacent to the terminal area . The main tasks were to provide safe air traffic operations and deliver the aircraft to the metering fix within + /- 25 seconds of the scheduled arrival time with the help of provided decision support tools . Analyses explore the potential impact of metering delays and system uncertainties on controller workload and performance . The results suggest that trajectory prediction uncertainties impact safety performance , while metering fix accuracy and workload appear subject to the scenario difficulty .
An innovative finite - volume - type numerical method named as the space - time conservation element and solution element ( CE / SE ) method is applied to solve time - dependent Maxwell 's equations in this paper . Test problems of electromagnetics scattering and antenna radiation are solved for validations . Numerical results are presented and compared with the analytical solutions , showing very good agreements .
The geopositional accuracy of the standard geocorrected product from the Advanced Wide Field Sensor ( AWiFS ) was evaluated using digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles and other reference sources of similar accuracy . Images were analyzed from summer 2004 through spring 2005 . Forty to fifty check points were collected manually per scene and analyzed to determine overall circular error , estimates of horizontal bias , and other systematic errors . Measured errors were somewhat higher than the specifications for the data , but they were consistent with the analysis of the distributing vendor .
Gravity induced sedimentation of suspensions is a serious drawback to many materials and biotechnology processes , a factor that can , in principle , be overcome by utilizing an opposing Lorentz body force . In this work we demonstrate the utility of employing a traveling magnetic field ( TMF ) to induce a lifting force on particles dispersed in the fluid . Theoretically , a model has been developed to ascertain the net force , induced by TMF , acting on a spherical body as a function of the fluid medium 's electrical conductivity and other parameters . Experimentally , the model is compared to optical observations of particle motion in the presence of TMF .
This paper addresses the storage requirement , shelf life , and the reliability of M119 Whistling Simulator . Experimental conditions have been determined and the data analysis has been completed for the accelerated testing of the system . A general methodology to evaluate the shelf life of the system as a function of the storage time , temperature , and relative humidity is discussed .
An earlier paper , Chemical markers of possible hot spots on Mars by A. S. Wong , S. K. Atreya and Th . Encrenaz , explored the modification of the atmosphere of Mars following an influx of methane , sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide ( CH4 , SO2 , H2S ) from any outgassing sources which are referred to as hot spots . The feasibility of detection of the new species by Planetary Fourier Spectrometer on Mars Express is reported in a subsequent paper , Atmospheric photochemistry above possible martian hot spots by A. S. Wong , S. K. Atreya , V. Formisano , Th . Encrenaz and N. Ignatiev . This abstract is a follow - up on the previous two papers . Here we treat the effect of any outgassed halogens rigorously . We also make estimates of dilution factors relative to the source location following convection and meridional transport .
A simple model is proposed to predict the behavior of Probabilities of Collision ( P(sub c ) ) for conjunction events . The model attempts to predict the location and magnitude of the peak P(sub c ) value for an event by assuming the progression of P(sub c ) values can be modeled to first order by a downward - opening parabola . To incorporate prior information from a large database of past conjunctions , the Bayes paradigm is utilized ; and the operating characteristics of the model are established through a large simulation study . Though the model is simple , it performs well in predicting the temporal location of the peak ( P(sub c ) ) and thus shows promise as a decision aid in operational conjunction assessment risk analysis .
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite observations indicate that extensive denitrification , without significant dehydration , currently occurs only in the Antarctic during mid to late June . The fact that denitrification occurs in a relatively warm month in the Antarctic raises concern about the likelihood of its occurrence , and associated effects on ozone recovery , in a future colder and possibly more humid Arctic lower stratosphere . Polar stratospheric cloud lifetimes required for Arctic denitrification to occur in the future are presented and contrasted against the current Antarctic cloud lifetimes . Model calculations show widespread severe denitrification could enhance future Arctic ozone loss by up to 30 % .
Two wind tunnel tests during 1995 in the National Transonic Facility ( NTF 070 and 073 ) served to define Reynolds number effects on longitudinal and lateral - directional stability and control . Testing was completed at both high lift and transonic conditions . The effect of Reynolds number on the total airplane configuration , horizontal and vertical tail effectiveness , forebody chine performance , rudder control and model aeroelastics was investigated . This paper will present pertinent stability and control results from these two test entries . Note that while model aeroelastic effects are examined in this presentation , no corrections for these effects have been made to the data .
Using three microphone array configurations at two aircraft body stations on a Boeing 777 - 300ER flight test , the acoustic radiation characteristics of the sidewall and outboard floor system are investigated by experimental measurement . Analysis of the experimental data is performed using sound intensity calculations for closely spaced microphones , PATCH Inverse Boundary Element Nearfield Acoustic Holography , and Spherical Nearfield Acoustic Holography . Each method is compared assessing strengths and weaknesses , evaluating source identification capability for both broadband and narrowband sources , evaluating sources during transient and steady - state conditions , and quantifying field reconstruction continuity using multiple array positions .
The NAS Systems Division has recently embarked on a significant new way of handling the mass storage problem . One of the basic goals of this new development are to build systems at very large capacity and high performance , yet have the advantages of commodity products . The central design philosophy is to build storage systems the way the Internet was built . Competitive , survivable , expandable , and wide open . The thrust of this paper is to describe the motivation for this effort , what we mean by commodity mass storage , what the implications are for a facility that performs such an action , and where we think it will lead .
For many years scientists and engineers have been searching for the proper test method to evaluate an electrostatic risk for materials used in hazardous environments . A new test standard created by the International Electrotechnical Commission is a promising addition to conventional test methods used throughout industry . The purpose of this paper is to incorporate this test into a proposed new methodology for the evaluation of materials exposed to flammable environments . However , initial testing using this new standard has uncovered some unconventional behavior in materials that conventional test methods were thought to have reconciled . For example some materials tested at higher humidities were more susceptible to incendive discharges than at lower humidity even though the surface resistivity was lower .