silkski/ENERAD huggingface dataset:
This paper describes the quantitative application of the theory of System Health Management and its operational subset , Fault Management , to the selection of abort triggers for a human - rated launch vehicle , the United States ' National Aeronautics and Space Administration 's ( NASA ) Space Launch System ( SLS ) . The results demonstrate the efficacy of the theory to assess the effectiveness of candidate failure detection and response mechanisms to protect humans from time - critical and severe hazards . The quantitative method was successfully used on the SLS to aid selection of its suite of abort triggers .
The present work summarizes an approach to model mixed - mode 3D fatigue crack growth using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique ( VCCT ) without requiring re - meshing . It is demonstrated that the proposed approach can be used to simulate crack shapes that do not conform to the underlying mesh . The proposed approach relies solely on Paris Law characterization data to model delamination growth . Growth is determined as a post - processing step at the end of each increment , and hence no convergence issues associated with the progressive nodal release are encountered . This approach can be readily applied using standard solid element formulations and is implemented via an interface user element in Abaqus / Standard .
2 - D ice accretion and aerodynamics reasonably well understood for engineering applications To significantly improve our current capabilities we need to understand 3 - D : a ) Important ice accretion physics and modeling not well understood in 3 - D ; and b ) Aerodynamics unsteady and 3 - D especially near stall . Larger systems issues important and require multidisciplinary team approach
This talk will review the various types of organic materials observed in different environments in the interstellar medium , discuss the processes by which these materials may have formed and been modified , and present the evidence supporting the contention that at least a fraction of this material survived incorporation , substantially unaltered , into our Solar System during its formation . The nature of this organic material is of direct interest to issues associated with the origin of life , both because this material represents a large fraction of the Solar System inventory of the biogenically - important elements , and because many of the compounds in this inventory have biogenic implications . Several specific examples of such molecules will be briefly discussed .
MPI-2 is the natural successor to MPI-1 in many ways , and includes 3 major features : parallel I / O ( which has a NAS legacy ) , remote memory operations ( alias one - sided I / O ) , and dynamic process management . SGI supports a subset of MPI-2 . It is useful to have a map of what one can and can not do with MPI-2 on SGI Origin and Altix systems , to be aware of known problems , and to contrast performance on different platforms .
Implementation of challenging Exploration Systems Missions Directorate objectives and strategies can be constrained by onboard computing capabilities and power efficiencies . The Radiation Hardened Electronics for Space Environments ( RHESE ) High Performance Processors for Space Environments project will address this challenge by significantly advancing the sustained throughput and processing efficiency of high - per$ormance radiation - hardened processors , targeting delivery of products by the end of FY12 .
GPS TEC ionosphere maps were first applied to a series of K and Q band VLBA astrometry sessions to try to eliminate a declination bias in estimated source positions . Their usage has been expanded to calibrate X - band only VLBI observations as well . At K - band , approx.60 % of the declination bias appears to be removed with the application of GPS ionosphere calibrations . At X - band however , it appears that up to 90 % or more of the declination bias is removed , with a corresponding increase in RA and declination uncertainties of approx.0.5 mas . GPS ionosphere calibrations may be very useful for improving the estimated positions of the X - only and S - only sources in the VCS and RDV sessions .
A methodology and a corresponding set of simulation tools for testing and evaluating turbulence detection sensors has been presented . The tool set is available to industry and the FAA for certification of radar based airborne turbulence detection systems . The tool set consists of simulated data sets representing convectively induced turbulence , an airborne radar simulation system , hazard tables to convert the radar observable to an aircraft load , documentation , a hazard metric " truth " algorithm , and criteria for scoring the predictions . Analysis indicates that flight test data supports spatial buffers for scoring detections . Also , flight data and demonstrations with the tool set suggest the need for a magnitude buffer .
The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle ( CEV ) lands in the water with most resources depleted . There is a need to provide CO2 control while the cabin remains sealed for two hours post landing and there is a need to verify the outside air is free of ammonia or propellants , which may be venting from the vehicle , prior to opening the cabin . Development of approaches to perform these tasks while minimizing weight , volume , and cost are being investigated . This paper will document the results of those investigations .
The design of the hematology experiment kits for SLS-2 has resulted in a modular , flexible configuration which maximizes crew efficiency and minimizes error and confusion when dealing with over 1200 different components over the course of the mission . The kit layouts proved to be very easy to use and their packaging design provided for positive , secure containment of the many small components . The secondary Zero(Tm ) box enclosure also provided an effective means for transport of the kits within the Spacelab and for grouping individual kits by flight day usage . The kits are readily adaptable to use on future flights by simply replacing the inner components as required and changing the labelling scheme to match new mission requirements .
The recent theoretical studies on the doubly excited states of the Ps ' ion are described . The results obtained by using the method of complex coordinate rotation show that the three - lepton system behaves very much like an XYX tri - atomic molecule . Furthermore , the recent investigation on the positronium negative ion embedded in Debye plasma environments is discussed . The problem is modeled by the use of a screened Coulomb potential to represent the interaction between the charge particles .
I define a two - sided or forward - backward propagator for the pseudo - diffusion equation of the ' squeezed ' Q function . This propagator leads to squeezing in one of the phase - space variables and anti - squeezing in the other . By noting that the Q function is related to the Wigner function by a special case of the above propagator , I am led to a new interpretation of the Wigner function .
This project provides characterization and calibration of aerial and satellite systems in support of quality acquisition and understanding of remote sensing data , and verifies and validates the associated data products with respect to ground and and atmospheric truth so that accurate value - added science can be performed . The project also provides assessment of new remote sensing technologies .
The Komplast materials experiment was designed by the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center , together with other Russian scientific institutes , and has been carried out by Mission Control Moscow since 1998 . Komplast panels fitted with material samples and sensors were located on the International Space Station ( ISS ) Functional Cargo Block ( FGB ) module exterior surface . Within the framework of this experiment , the purpose was to study the effect of the low earth orbit ( LEO ) environment on exposed samples of various materials . The panels were sent into orbit with the FGB when it launched on November 20 , 1998 . .
The Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope ( SPIRIT ) was designed to accomplish three scientific objectives : ( 1 ) learn how planetary systems form from protostellar disks and how they acquire their inhomogeneous chemical composition ; ( 2 ) characterize the family of extrasolar planetary systems by imaging the structure in debris disks to understand how and where planets of different types form ; and ( 3 ) learn how high - redshift galaxies formed and merged to form the present - day population of galaxies . SPIRIT will accomplish these objectives through infrared observations with a two aperture interferometric instrument . This paper gives an overview of SPIRIT design and operation , and how the three design cycle concept study was completed . The error budget for several key performance values allocates tolerances to all contributing factors , and a performance model of the spacecraft plus instrument system demonstrates meeting those allocations with margin .
Sub - band absorption at 1550 nm has been demonstrated and characterized on silicon Geiger mode detectors which normally would be expected to have no response at this wavelength . We compare responsivity   measurements to singlephoton absorption for wavelengths slightly above the bandgap wavelength of silicon ( approx . 1100 microns ) . One application for this low efficiency sub - band absorption is in deep space optical communication systems where it is desirable to track a 1030 nm uplink beacon on the same flight terminal detector array that monitors a 1550 nm downlink signal for pointingcontrol . The currently observed absorption at 1550 nm provides 60 - 70 dB of isolation compared to the response at 1064 nm , which is desirable to avoid saturation of the detector by scattered light from the downlink laser .
steady increase in computational power of general purpose computers , our ability to analyze routine software artifacts is also steadily increasing .   As a result , we are   witnessing a shift in emphasis from the verification of abstract hand - built models of code , towards the direct verification of implementation level code .   This change in emphasis poses   a new set of challenges in software verification .   We explore some of them in this paper .
In this paper , we present some ideas regarding the modeling and the control aspects of liquid crystal - based imaging systems . We address the challenges of building and deploying a liquid crystal imager by : a ) considering the dynamics and control aspects , such as pointing and wavefront error control of large lightweight apertures synthesized by liquid crystal elements , and b ) conducting experimental characterization of a prototype electrically - switchable liquid crystal lens .
Here we compare magnetite crystals produced by terrestrial magnetotactic bacteria strain MV-1 with a subpopulation of magnetites from ALH84001 . We find both to be chemically and physically identical - specifically , both are single - domain , chemically pure , and exhibit an unusual crystal habit we describe as truncated hexa - octahedral . On Earth such truncated hexa - octahedral magnetites are only known to be produced by magnetotactic bacteria . We suggest that the observation of truncated hexa - octahedral magnetites in ALH84001 are both consistent with , and in the absence of terrestrial inorganic analogs , likely formed by biogenic processes . Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract .
NASA 's Solar - TErrestrial Relations Observatory mission , launched in 2006 October , consists of two nearly identical spacecraft in heliocentric orbits and currently 1380 of heliolongitude apart . Instrumentation on both spacecraft monitor solar wind plasma and magnetic field parameters , energetic particles , radio flux , and provide EUV and visible - light imaging of the corona , as well as novel , visible - light images of the ecliptic heliosphere . In addition to higher - resolution telemetry that enables a broad range of research into the propagation of disturbances in the inner heliosphere , a low - bandwidth , space weather beacon telemetry stream provides near - realtime information on each of these measurement types .
The MISR and MODIS instruments aboard the NASA Earth Observing System 's Terra Satellite have been collecting data containing information about the state of Earth 's atmosphere and surface for over eleven years . Data from these instruments have been used to develop a global , monthly climatology of aerosol amount that is widely used as a constraint on climate models , including those used for the 2007 IPCC assessment report . The next frontier in assessing aerosol radiative forcing of climate is aerosol type , and in particular , the absorption properties of major aerosol air masses . This presentation will focus on the prospects for constraining aerosol type globally , and the steps we are taking to apply a combination of satellite and suborbital data to this challenge .
This work reports fabrication and testing of integrated circuits ( ICs ) with two levels of interconnect that consistently achieve greater than 1000 hours of stable electrical operation at 500 C in air ambient . These ICs are based on 4H - SiC junction field effect transistor ( JFET ) technology that integrates hafnium ohmic contacts with TaSi2 interconnects and SiO2 and Si3N4 dielectric layers over approximately 1 - micrometer scale vertical topology . Following initial burn - in , important circuit parameters remain stable for more than 1000 hours of 500 C operational testing . These results advance the technology foundation for realizing long - term durable 500 C ICs with increased functional capability for sensing and control combustion engine , planetary , deep - well drilling , and other harsh - environment applications .
Delta - v allocation to correct for insertion errors caused by state uncertainty is one of the key performance requirements imposed on the SLS Navigation System . Additionally , SLS mission requirements include the need for the Exploration Up - per Stage ( EUS ) to be disposed of successfully . To assess these requirements , the SLS navigation team has developed and implemented a series of analysis methods . Here the authors detail the Delta - Delta - V approach to assessing delta - v allocation as well as the EUS disposal optimization approach .
The cohesive energy and compressibility of strands of a single - wall nanotube rope has been computed using a new long - range potential energy function derived from accurate ab initio quantum chemistry calculations of the benzene dimer and calibrated for energetic and mechanical properties of graphite ( at pressures up to 12 GPa ) . We also use this potential to calculate a variety of properties of carbon nanotubes ( both single- and multi - wall ) and fullerenes . Extensive comparisons are made with previously published potentials .
This document is a viewgraph presentation reporting on work in modeling the foam insulation of the Space Shuttle External Tank . An analytical understanding of foam mechanics is required to design against structural failure . The Space Shuttle External Tank is covered primarily with closed cell foam to : Prevent ice , Protect structure from ascent aerodynamic and engine plume heating , and Delay break - up during re - entry . It is important that the foam does not shed unacceptable debris during ascent environment . Therefore a modeling of the foam insulation was undertaken .
The Burst and Transient Source Experiment ( BATSE ) on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory ( CGRO ) monitored the entire sky from 1991 - 2000 . I will review highlights of BATSE observations including gamma ray bursts , black hole candidates , accreting pulsars , and active galaxies . On 2008 June 11 , the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope was launched . The Gamma ray Burst Monitor ( GBM ) on board Fermi continues the all - sky monitoring legacy started with BATSE . I will review early results and planned observations with GBM .
A number of space agencies , including NASA , are considering free - space laser communications as a means for returning higher data - rates from future space missions . In this paper , potential deep - space missions are evaluated to show that with optical communication a 10x increase relative to state - of - the art telecommunication systems could be achieved . The maximum deep - space distance where ground transmitted laser beacons could assist acquisition and tracking ; and operating points where optical communication performance degrades faster than the inverse square distance are also discussed .
The James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST ) will extend the discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope by deploying a large cooled infrared telescope at the Sun - Earth Lagrange point L2 . With a 6 m aperture and three instruments covering the wavelength range from 0.6 to 28 pm , it will provide sensitivities orders of magnitude better than any other facilities . It is intended to observe the light from the first galaxies and the first supernovae , the assembly of galaxies , and the formation and evolution of stars and planetary systems . In this talk I will review the scientific objectives , the hardware concepts and technology , and the predicted system performance .
Our development of a novel x - ray absorber design that has enabled the incorporation of high - conductivity electroplated gold into our absorbers has yielded devices that not only have achieved breakthrough performance at 6 keV , but also are extraordinarily well modelled . We have determined device parameters that reproduce complex impedance curves and noise spectra throughout transition . Observed pulse heights , decay time and baseline energy resolution were in good agreement with simulated results using the same parameters . In the presentation , we will show these results in detail and we will also show highlights of the characterization of our gold / bismuth - absorber devices . We will discuss possible improvement of our current devices and expected performance of future devices using the modelling results .
This viewgraph presentation contains an overview of the the Space Technology 5 ( ST5 ) mission , a review of the Post - separation anomaly that occurred , and the patches and work - arounds that were implemented to correct the problems caused by the anomaly . The events that involved multi - bit errors and the actions that occurred to correct these are also reviewed .
The Goddard Convective - Stratiform Heating ( CSH ) algorithm , used to estimate cloud heating in support of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ( TRMM ) , is upgraded in support of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission ( GPM ) . The algorithm is required to use look - uptables ( LUTs ) from cloud - resolving model ( CRM ) simulations from the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model ( GCE ) . This paper will present the heating retrievals from the Goddard CSH algorithm in the TRMM and GPM using precipitation products ( rainfall , radar reflectivity ) .
The kinetic impactor technique for deflecting near - Earth objects ( NEOs ) , whereby a spacecraft is directed to collide with a NEO to alter its orbit via momentum transfer , is one of several proposed methods for defendingEarth against hazardous NEOs ( asteroids and comets ) . In this paper we present detailed mission design concepts for a notionally feasible and aff ordable kinetic impactor flight validation mission deployed to a currently known near - Earth asteroid ( NEA ) . Several filter steps are devised that utilize relevant criteria to optimally balance keyparameters , such as approach phase angle , estimated NEA diameter , relative velocity at intercept , and current NEA orbit knowledge , and produce refined lists of the most promising candidate target NEAs .