silkski/ENERAD huggingface dataset:
Thermal protection materials and systems ( TPS ) have been critical to fulfilling humankind 's desire to explore space . Composite and ceramic materials have enable the early missions to orbit , the moon , the space station , Mars with robots , and sample return . Crewed missions to Mars are being considered , and this places even more demands on TPS materials . This talk will give some history on the materials used for earth and planetary entry and the demands placed upon such materials . TPs needs for future missions , especially to Mars , will be identified and potential solutions discussed .
Observational data from several observatories , including Rosat , are used to identify two previously unreported outbursts from the ultrasoft X - ray transient 4U 1630 - 47 . These outbursts occurred in March 1979 and September 1993 , which is consistent with a previously reported 600 - day outburst recurrence period . This source is a member of the class of transient X - ray binary systems that are thought to contain black holes . The 601.0 + /- 2.8 day period is the shortest observed so far for this class .
Session WA2 includes short reports concerning : ( 1 ) The Asymmetrical Growth of Otoliths in Fish Affected by Altered Gravity and Causes Kinetosis ; ( 2 ) Neurobiological Responses of Fish to Altered Gravity conditions : A Review ; ( 3 ) An Age - Dependent Sensitivity of the Roll - Induced Vestibulocular Reflex to Hypergravity Exposure of Several Days in an Amphibian ( Xenopus Laevis ) ; ( 4 ) Mechanically - Induced Membrane Wounding During Parabolic Flight ; and ( 5 ) Erythropoietin Stimulates Increased F Cell Numbers in Bone Marrow Cultures Established in Gravity and Microgravity Conditions .
A recently developed finite - element - based equivalent linearization approach for the analysis of random vibrations of geometrically nonlinear multiple degree - of - freedom structures is validated . The validation is based on comparisons with results from a finite element based numerical simulation analysis using a numerical integration technique in physical coordinates . In particular , results for the case of a clamped - clamped beam are considered for an extensive load range to establish the limits of validity of the equivalent linearization approach .
Progress of fluorination of single - wall carbon nanotubes is being reported . Covalent attachment of alkyl groups including methyl , n - butyl and n - hexyl groups to the sidewalls of single wall carbon nanotubes ( SWNTs ) has been achieved . Quantitative measurement of the alkylation was done by thermal gravimetric analysis . FTIR , Raman and UV - Vis - NIR were used to characterize these alkylated SWNTs . Application of these nanotubes are being investigated - fibers , composites , batteries , lubricants , etc .
Select computer codes developed over the years to simulate specific aspects of engine structures are described . These codes include blade impact integrated multidisciplinary analysis and optimization , progressive structural fracture , quantification of uncertainties for structural reliability and risk , benefits estimation of new technology insertion and hierarchical simulation of engine structures made from metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites . Collectively these codes constitute a unique infrastructure readiness to credibly evaluate new and future engine structural concepts throughout the development cycle from initial concept , to design and fabrication , to service performance and maintenance and repairs , and to retirement for cause and even to possible recycling . Stated differently , they provide ' virtual ' concurrent engineering for engine structures total - life - cycle - cost .
Since the complexity of software systems continues to grow , most engineers face two serious problems : the state space explosion problem and the problem of how to debug systems . In this paper , we propose a game - theoretic approach to full branching time model checking on three - valued semantics . The three - valued models and logics provide successful abstraction that overcomes the state space explosion problem . The game style model checking that generates counter - examples can guide refinement or identify validated formulas , which solves the system debugging problem . Furthermore , output of our game style method will give significant information to engineers in detecting where errors have occurred and what the causes of the errors are .
Presented here is a Predictor - Based Model Reference Adaptive Control ( PMRAC ) architecture for a generic transport aircraft . At its core , this architecture features a three - axis , non - linear , dynamic - inversion controller . Command inputs for this baseline controller are provided by pilot roll - rate , pitch - rate , and sideslip commands . This paper will first thoroughly present the baseline controller followed by a description of the PMRAC adaptive augmentation to this control system . Results are presented via a full - scale , nonlinear simulation of NASA s Generic Transport Model ( GTM ) .
This paper summarizes the modeling , simulation , and testing work related to the development of technology to investigate the potential that shape memory actuation has to provide mechanically simple and affordable solutions for delivering assets to a surface and for sample capture and possible return to Earth . We investigate the structural dynamics and controllability aspects of an adaptive beam carrying an end - effector which , by changing equilibrium phases is able to actively decouple the end - effector dynamics from the spacecraft dynamics during the surface contact phase . Asset delivery and sample capture and return are at the heart of several emerging potential missions to small bodies , such as asteroids and comets , and to the surface of large bodies , such as Titan .
SEVO ( Space Environment Viability of Organics ) is one of two astrobiology experiments onboard the NASA Organism / Organics Exposure to Orbital Stresses ( O / OREOS ) cubesat , launched in November 2010 . The satellite is still operational with nominal performance and records data on a regular basis . In the SEVO experiment , four astrobiologically relevant organic thin films are exposed to radiation in low - earth orbit , including the unfiltered solar spectrum from approximately 120 - 2600 nm . The thin films are contained in each of four separate micro - environments : an atmosphere containing CO2 , a low relative humidity ( approximately 2 % ) atmosphere , an inert atmosphere representative of interstellar / interplanetary space , and a SiO2 mineral surface to measure the effects of surface catalysis . The UV / Vis spectrum of each sample is monitored in situ , with a spectrometer onboard the satellite .
The Structural Biology laboratory at NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center uses x - ray crystallographic techniques to conduct research into the three - dimensional structure of a wide variety of proteins . A major effort in the laboratory involves an ongoing study of human serum albumin ( the principal protein in human plasma ) and its interaction with various endogenous substances and pharmaceutical agents . Another focus is on antigenic and functional proteins from several pathogenic organisms including the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) and the widespread parasitic genus , Schistosoma . My efforts this summer have been twofold : first , to identify clinically significant drug interactions involving albumin binding displacement and to initiate studies of the three - dimensional structure of albumin complexed with these agents , and secondly , to establish collaborative efforts to extend the lab 's work on human pathogens .
The paper presents a certainty equivalence state feedback indirect adaptive control design method for the systems of any relative degree with unmatched uncertainties . The approach is based on the parameter identification ( estimation ) model , which is completely separated from the control design and is capable of producing parameter estimates as fast as the computing power allows without generating high frequency oscillations . It is shown that the system 's input and output tracking errors can be systematically decreased by the proper choice of the design parameters .
Since astronauts on future deep space missions will be exposed to dangerous radiations , there is a need to accurately model the transport of radiation through shielding materials and to estimate the received radiation dose . In response to this need a three dimensional deterministic code for space radiation transport is now under development . The new code GRNTRN is based on a Green 's function solution of the Boltzmann transport equation that is constructed in the form of a Neumann series . Analytical approximations will be obtained for the first three terms of the Neumann series and the remainder will be estimated by a non - perturbative technique . This work discusses progress made to date and exhibits some computations based on the first two Neumann series terms .
A viewgraph presentation on electrical arc ignition testing of spacesuit materials is shown . The topics include : 1 ) Background ; 2 ) Test Objectives ; 3 ) Test Sample Materials ; 4 ) Test Methods ; 5 ) Scratch Test Objectives ; 6 ) Cotton Scratch Test Video ; 7 ) Scratch Test Results ; 8) Entire Date Plot ; 9 ) Closeup Data Plot ; 10 ) Scratch Test Problems ; 11 ) Poke Test Objectives ; 12 ) Poke Test Results ; 13 ) Poke Test Problems ; 14 ) Wire - break Test Objectives ; 15 ) Cotton Wire - Break Test Video ; 16 ) High Speed Cotton Wire - break Test Video ; 17 ) Typical Data Plot ; 18 ) Closeup Data Plot ; 19 ) Wire - break Test Results ; 20 ) Wire - break Tests vs. Scratch Tests ; 21 ) Urethane - coated Nylon ; and 22 ) Moleskin .
Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC ) is available worldwide via the Global Positioning System ( GPS ) . The UTC disseminated by GPS is referenced to the US Naval Observatory Master Clock UTC(USNO ) which is regularly steered and maintained as close as possible to UTC Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ( BIPM ) , the international time scale . This paper will describe the role of the USNO in monitoring the time disseminated by the GPS and the steps involved to ensure its accuracy to the user . The paper will also discuss the other sources of UTC(USNO ) and the process by which UTC(USNO ) is steered to UTC(BIPM ) .
This viewgraph presentation describes the in - situ thermal treatment of trichloroethene at Marshall space Flight Center . The contents include : 1 ) Background 1 and 2 ; 2 ) Source Area-13 ; 3 ) In - situ Thermal Treatment ; 4 ) SA-13 Lithology ; 5 ) SA-13 In - Situ Thermal TS ; 6 ) SA-13 ISTD System Components ; 7 ) ISTD Overview ; 8) Heaters ; 9 ) SA-13 ISTD Wellfield Layout ; 10 ) SA-13 Well Field ; 11 ) ISTD Process and Instrumentation ; 12 ) Treatment Zone Temperature ; 13 ) SA-13 System Removals ; 14 ) SA-13 DNAPL ( typical photos ) ; 15 ) Treatment Results 1 - 5 ; and 16 ) SA-13 TCE Removal Summary .
Rovibrational spectra of the vibrational fundamental of nitric oxide at 1875 cm-1 have been recorded under O2 - broadening conditions at 296 K and 0.0056 cm-1 resolution using the Solar Nemeth FTS at the Kitt Peak National Observatory . The use of a flow system , which maintains the NO2 at trace levels , has enabled the first measurement of these broadening coefficients . The broadening of the trace contaminant , N2O , allowed checks of the measured pressures . The least - squares analysis of the spectra includes the nuclear hyperfine structure in addition to ( lambda ) doubling . We observed differential broadening between the e and f ( lambda ) components of 2II 1/2 transitions as well as larger differences in broadening observed between 2II3/2 transitions .
This paper presents results of several imbalanced learning techniques applied to operator functional state assessment where the data is highly imbalanced , i.e. , some function states ( majority classes ) have much more training samples than other states ( minority classes ) . Conventional machine learning techniques usually tend to classify all data samples into majority classes and perform poorly for minority classes . In this study , we implemented five imbalanced learning techniques , including random undersampling , random over - sampling , synthetic minority over - sampling technique ( SMOTE ) , borderline - SMOTE and adaptive synthetic sampling ( ADASYN ) to solve this problem . Experimental results on a benchmark driving lest dataset show thai accuracies for minority classes could be improved dramatically with a cost of slight performance degradations for majority classes ,
This paper describes an implementation of the proposed MPI - IO standard for parallel I / O. Our system uses third - party transfer to move data over an external network between the processors where it is used and the I / O devices where it resides . Data travels directly from source to destination , without the need for shuffling it among processors or funneling it through a central node . Our distributed server model lets multiple compute nodes share the burden of coordinating data transfers . The system is built on the High Performance Storage System ( HPSS ) , and a prototype version runs on a Meiko CS-2 parallel computer .
Standard approaches to risk management in projects depend on the ability of teams to identify risks and quantify the probabilities and consequences of these risks ( e.g. , the 5 x 5 risk matrix ) . However , long before quantification does - or even can - occur , and long after , teams make decisions based on their pre - quantitative understanding of risk . These decisions can have long - lasting impacts on the project . While significant research has looked at the process of how to quantify risk , our understanding of how teams conceive of and manage pre - quantitative risk is lacking . This paper introduces the concept of pre - quantitative risk and discusses the implications of addressing pre - quantitative risk in projects .
GeneLab is currently being developed by NASA to accelerate ' open science ' biomedical research in support of the human exploration of space and the improvement of life on earth . Phase I of the four - phase GeneLab Data Systems ( GLDS ) project emphasized capabilities for submission , curation , search , and retrieval of genomics , transcriptomics and proteomics ( ' omics ' ) data from biomedical research of space environments . The focus of development of the GLDS for Phase II has been federated data search for and retrieval of these kinds of data across other open - access systems , so that users are able to conduct biological meta - investigations using data from a variety of sources . Such meta - investigations are key to corroborating findings from many kinds of assays and translating them into systems biology knowledge and , eventually , therapeutics .
Knowledge of uncertainties and errors are essential for comparisons of remote sensing data across time , space , and spectral domains . Vicarious radiometric calibration is used to demonstrate the need for uncertainty knowledge and to provide an example error budget . The sample error budget serves as an example of the questions and issues that need to be addressed by the calibrationvalidation community as accuracy requirements for imaging spectroscopy data will continue to become more stringent in the future . Error budgets will also be critical to ensure consistency between the range of imaging spectrometers expected to be launched in the next five years .
ATIC ( Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter ) is a balloon borne experiment designed to measure cosmic ray composition for elements from hydrogen to iron and their energy spectra from 30 GeV to near 100 TeV. It is comprised of a fully active BGO calorimeter , a carbon interaction target , scintillator hodoscopes , and a silicon matrix that is used as a charge detector in the experiment . ATIC had two successful balloon flights in Antarctica : from 28 Dec 2000 to 13 Jan 2001 ( ATIC-1 ) and from 29 Dec 2002 to 18 Jan 2003 ( ATIC-2 ) . Preliminary rigidity spectra of protons and helium nuclei and their ratio are presented for the test flight ( ATIC-1 ) . Particular attention is given to problems associated with measuring energy .
Human Mars mission architecture studies have shown that the ascent vehicle mass drives performance requirements for the descent and in - space transportation elements . Understanding the sensitivity of Mars ascent vehicle ( MAV ) mass to various mission and vehicle design choices enables overall transportation system optimization . This paper presents the results of a variety of sensitivity trades affecting MAV performance including : landing site latitude , target orbit , initial thrust to weight ratio , staging options , specific impulse , propellant type and engine design .
Planetary protection is the discipline of protecting solar system objects from harmful contamination resulting from the activities of interplanetary spacecraft , and of similarly protecting the Earth from uncontrolled release of a putative extra - terrestrial organism from returned extra - terrestrial samples . Planetary protection requirements for Mars are becoming further refined as more is understood about the nature of the Martian environment as a potential habitat . Likewise , increased understanding of the limits of life on Earth is informing planetary protection policy . This presentation will discuss recent technology developments , ongoing work and future challenges of implementing planetary protection for the proposed future mission set .
The general process in lasers is defined in the photon number representation d rho(sub n)/dt = mu(sub 0)(u - mu(sub 1 ) u(exp 2 ) + mu(sub 2 ) u(exp 2 ) + mu(sub 3 ) u(exp 3) ... )rho(sub n ) , where u is the matrix change operation u rho(sub n ) = rho(sub n - 1 ) - rho(sub n ) , and mu(sub 1 ) , mu(sub 2), ... are the coefficients . In the same way as previous papers , we deduced the generating function G(sub 0)(z , t ) .
A " new phase " is reported in nickel electrodes from Ni / H boilerplate cells which were cycled to failure in electrolyte of variable kOH concentration . Raman spectra clearly show the presence of this phase , and these spectra have been used to quantify the amounts present in these electrodes ( in the volume sampled by the laser beam ) Raman spectroscopy has been found to be capable of differentiating the various phases which can be present in nickel .This differentiation is possible because of the structural variation observed for these phases . Ten of twelve electrodes examined contain at least some of this new phase . The presence of this " new phase " correlates with cell failure , and it is proposed that the presence of this phase may play a role in early electrode failure .
This viewgraph presentation reviews the phase I plan of the prototype of the IMMR by the Multilateral Medical Operations Panel ( MMOP ) Medical Informatics & Technology ( MIT ) Working Group . It reviews the Purpose of IMMR Prototype Phase 1 ( IPP1 ) ; the IPP1 Plan Overview , the IMMR Prototype Phase 1 Plan for PDDs   and MIC and MIC - DDs , Plan for MICs , a   nd the IPP1 objectives
NASA / MSFC has recently acquired new equipment for the manufacture and processing of rubber and rubber containing items that are used in the Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor ( RSRM ) system . Work with a previous generation of rubber equipment at MSFC in the 1970 's had involved the use of Oxygen Deficient Center ( ODC 's ) such as 1,1,1 - Trichloroethane or VOC 's such as Toluene as the solvents of choice in cleaning the equipment . Neither of these options is practical today . This paper addresses the selection and screening of candidate cleaning solvents that are not only effective , but also meet the new environmental standards .
A better understanding of the linear energy transfer and the range of proton recoil ions in gallium nitride is necessary to properly evaluate GaN device radiation tolerance . By analyzing the linear energy transfer ( LET ) and range of recoil heavy ions in GaN we can begin to reproduce the body of knowledge that exists for Si - based devices for this upcoming technology . Although the previous data on older technology has impressive depth and breadth we must be diligent and cautious in the application of these institutional intuitions when applied to emerging technologies such as GaN. As ever increasing materials science advances emerge , a sound methodology for evaluating new technologies must be established in order to apply what we know towards the effort of ensuring radiation tolerance .
Turbulent flows have a large range of spatial and temporal scales which need to be resolved in order to obtain accurate predictions . Higher - order methods can provide greater efficiency for simulations requiring high spatial and temporal resolution , allowing for solutions with fewer degrees of freedom and lower computational cost than traditional second - order computational fluid dynamics ( CFD ) methods.1 Higher - order methods have been widely used for turbulent flows . However , the reduced numerical stabilization present in higher - order schemes implies that special care needs to be taken in the development of numerical methods to suppress nonlinear instabilities.2–6 In this work we present the development of a higher - order space - time discontinuous Galerkin method with a focus on the aspects of our numerical scheme required for ensuring nonlinear stability for turbulent simulations at high Reynolds numbers .
This paper discusses the progress of work to model high - speed supersonic reacting flow . The purpose of the work is to improve the state of the art of CFD capabilities for predicting the flow in high - speed propulsion systems , particularly combustor flowpaths . The program has several components including the development of advanced algorithms and models for simulating engine flowpaths as well as a fundamental experimental and diagnostic development effort to support the formulation and validation of the mathematical models . The paper will provide details of current work on experiments that will provide data for the modeling efforts along with the associated nonintrusive diagnostics used to collect the data from the experimental flowfield . Simulation of a recent experiment to partially validate the accuracy of a combustion code is also described .
The value of Employee Assistance Programs ( EAPS ) has been cited in a variety of published papers and articles . An important managerial element relative to the assessment and referral of troubled employees has been supervisory training . There has been numerous studies highlighting the various factors and circumstances associated with supervisory behavior and EAP referrals . The inclusion of emotional awareness factors in EAP supervisory utilization has not been thoroughly investigated , although frequently found in the literature as a training and development objective for managers in business and education . The present study sought to determine what role supervisory denial and anxiety avoidance plays in confrontation of troubled employees and if admission of specific , internal emotional events is a characteristic among EAP utilizing supervisors .
Back by popular demand , the JSC Biostatistics Lab is offering an opportunity for informal conversation about challenges you may have encountered with issues of experimental design , analysis , data visualization or related topics . Get answers to common questions about sample size , repeated measures , violation of distributional assumptions , missing data , multiple testing , time - to - event data , when to trust the results of your analyses ( reproducibility issues ) and more .