silkski/ENERAD huggingface dataset:
This paper summarizes the results of an initial concept exploration into the Cloud Flight Management System , or Cloud FMS , idea . Cloud FMS is a concept in which part of the aircraft ’s FMS is on the aircraft itself , while another part resides in a ground - based cloud environment . This paper is limited to understanding whether this idea can be practically implemented within the current constraints of air - ground network throughput , availability , reliability , and latency . Simulation and live flight tests were conducted to study this concept , and specific findings that further fine - tune the Cloud FMS concept are provided .
Marshall Space Flight Center s X - ray Cryogenic Facility ( XRCF ) has been performing cryogenic testing to 20 Kelvin since 1999 . Two configurations for acquiring data from silicon diode temperature sensors have been implemented at the facility . The facility 's environment is recorded via a data acquisition system capable of reading up to 60 silicon diodes . Test article temperature is recorded by a second data acquisition system capable of reading 150 + silicon diodes . The specifications and architecture of both systems will be presented .
This presentation will provide an overview of the uses and capabilities of NASA 's Solar System Treks family of online mapping and modeling portals . While also designed to support mission planning and scientific research , this presentation will focus on the Science , Technology , Engineering , and Math ( STEM ) engagement and public outreach capabilities of these web based suites of data visualization and analysis tools .
It is clear networks of various types are beginning to have a substantial impact on every aspect of our lives , our jobs , society and the way we perceive and use information . Commerce is moving onto the Internet ; doctors are performing surgery and diagnosis with the aid of high performance networks and satellites ; and political revolutions and coups are reported through the use of networks . This is only the first glimpse of what is yet to come . This paper is a brief survey of technology research in networking , with emphasis on the use of satellites present and future as a component of a global information mesh .
A review of astronaut whole body impact tolerance is discussed for land or water landings of the next generation manned space capsule named Orion . LS - DYNA simulations of Orion capsule landings are performed to produce a low , moderate , and high probability of injury . The paper evaluates finite element ( FE ) seat and occupant simulations for assessing injury risk for the Orion crew and compares these simulations to whole body injury models commonly referred to as the Brinkley criteria . The FE seat and crash dummy models allow for varying the occupant restraint systems , cushion materials , side constraints , flailing of limbs , and detailed seat / occupant interactions to minimize landing injuries to the crew . The FE crash test dummies used in conjunction with the Brinkley criteria provides a useful set of tools for predicting potential crew injuries during vehicle landings .
High - Test Hydrogen Peroxide ( HTP ) propellant ( greater than or equal to 70 % ) offers many advantages in space launch applications ; however , materials used in construction of propulsion systems must be shown to be compatible with HTP . Isothermal Microcalorimetry ( IMC ) was used to determine the compatibility of several metallic and non - metallic materials with 90 % HTP . The results of these experiments agreed with those from immersion bath tests when the values were converted to % Active Oxygen Loss per week ( % AOL / wk ) .
Purpose of the Space Network Ground Segment Sustainment ( SGSS ) is to implement a new modern ground segment that will enable the NASA Space Network ( SN ) to deliver high quality services to the SN community for the future The key SGSS Goals : ( 1 ) Re - engineer the SN ground segment ( 2 ) Enable cost efficiencies in the operability and maintainability of the broader SN .
Promethazine ( PMZ ) is the antimotion sickness drug of choice in the U.S. Space Shuttle program ; however , virtually nothing is known about the bioavailability and performance effects of this drug in the microgravity environment . PMZ has detrimental side effects on human performance on Earth that could affect Shuttle operations . In a recent ground - based study we examined : 1 ) the effects of promethazine ( PMZ ) on Shuttle landing performance using the portable inflight landing operations trainer ( PILOT ) , and 2 ) saliva and urine samples to determine the pharmacokinetics of PMZ . The PILOT performance data is presented here .
NASA 's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster - Commercial ( NEXT - C ) project is tasked with developing flight electric propulsion systems , including both thrusters and power processing units ( PPUs ) . In 2018 , the beam supply in a NEXT - C engineering prototype PPU experienced an output rectifier diode failure during development thermal - vacuum testing . A failure investigation led by NASA GRC identified the root cause of the failure as a thermal runaway caused by increased reverse recovery losses in the diodes when the PPU was run at its maximum operating temperature . Significant reverse recovery performance variations were identified in diodes with the same part number but manufactured by different vendors . The failure investigation was able to collect evidence of the increased reverse recovery and replicate the diode failures in a controlled laboratory environment .
In situ measurements of ionospheric D - region characteristics are somewhat scarce and rely mostly on sounding rockets . Remote sensing techniques employing Very Low Frequency ( VLF ) transmitters can provide electron density estimates from subionospheric wave propagation modeling . Here we discuss how lightning waveform measurements , namely sferics and tweeks , can be used for monitoring the D - region variability and day - night transition , and for local electron density estimates . A brief comparison among D - region aeronomy models is also presented .
Two schemes for processing signals obtained from the Doppler global velocimeter are described . The analog approach is a simple , real time method for obtaining an RS-170 video signal containing the normalized intensity image . Pseudo colors are added using a monochromatic frame grabber producing a standard NTSC video signal that can be monitored and/or recorded . The digital approach is more complicated , but maintains the full resolution of the acquisition cameras with the capabilities to correct the signal image for pixel sensitivity variations and to remove of background light . Prototype circuits for each scheme are described and example results from the investigation of the vortical flow field above a 75 - degree delta wing presented .
The objective of the Reusable Software System ( RSS ) is to provide NASA Langley Research Center and its contractor personnel with a reusable software technology through the Internet . The RSS is easily accessible , provides information that is extractable , and the capability to submit information or data for the purpose of scientific research at NASA Langley Research Center within the Atmospheric Science Division .
Amongst chemical reactions ( 1 ) in the molecular universe ( 2 ) , condensation reaction is probably the most poorly understood . The condensation of a solid from its components in the gas phase occurs in many parts of our galaxy such as stellar mass outflows , the terrestrial region of protoplanetary disks and in primordial solar nebula ( 3 ) . But how does the transition occur from molecules to intermediate clusters to macroscopic grains ? The major focus of the present work is the identification of chemical condensation reaction pathways that lead to the formation of stoichiometry , composition and crystallinity of cosmic silicates from vapor phase species .
The Mars Science Laboratory ( MSL ) Curiosity rover has been operating on Mars using the F1 Multi - Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator ( MMRTG ) for over one and one - half Mars years ( over three Earth years ) . During this extended period , Curiosity has provided a wealth of information about operating with a MMRTG in the Mars surface environment . This paper discusses MMRTG performance over the life of the mission as affected not only by expected radioisotope degradation , but also by the thermal environment , including seasonal , wind , and time - of - sol effects . Additionally , issues related to MMRTG internal shorts will be discussed including detection , impacts on operations , and clearing the shorts .
High charge state heavy ions in the solar wind exchange charge with ambient neutral gas . This process creates a product ion in an excited state . During the radiative cascade process , EUV and X - ray photons are emitted with energies in the range of about 100 eV to 1 keV. Because the terrestrial exospheric density at the nominal magnetopause location is relatively high , approx . 10 cu cm , solar wind charge exchange , or SWCX , can be observed by Earth - orbiting soft X - ray instruments such as the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counters ( PSPC ) . In this presentation , we will compare simulated and observed soft Xray emission during an event on August 18 - 19 , 1991 and discuss the role of exospheric SWCX emission for this and other events .
Cyanobacterial mats in extensive seawater evaporation ponds at Guerrero Negro , Baja California , Mexico , have been excellent subjects for interdisciplinary research . Exportadora de Sal , S.A. ( ESSA ) has maintained this solar saltern since the 1950s . The following entities provided research support : NASA Exobiology ( 1984 - 1988 ) , Precambrian Paleobiology Research Group ( 1986 - 1993 ) , NAI ( 1998 - 2010 ) , and Exobiology ( 2010 - 2016 ) . This summary emphasizes research that was supported by the NAI and conducted by its teams .
From Intro :   A study was initiated in the Santa Monica Mountains to investigate the use of the Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer ( AVIRIS)for providing improved maps of   chaparral coupled with direct estimates of canopy attributes ( eg . biomass , leaf area , fuel load) ... Analysis focused on AVIRIS data collected on October 19 , 1994 .
At present there is no satisfactory theory for calculating the pressure which acts at the blunt base of an object traveling at supersonic velocity . In fact , the essential mechanism determining the base pressure is only imperfectly understood . As a result , the existing knowledge of base pressure is based almost entirely on experiments . The main object of this paper is to summarize the principal results of the many wind tunnel and free flight measurements of base pressure on both bodies of revolution and blunt trailing edge airfoils . A relatively simple method of estimating base pressure is presented , and an indication is given as to how the characteristics of base pressure play an essential role in determining the shape of an aerodynamically efficient object for supersonic flight .
Non - metallic brush seals are ultra - low flow sealing elements ideal for low pressure differentials ( < 30 psid ) and low temperature ( typically < 300 degF ) applications . The compliant bristle pack of a non - metallic brush seal is advantageous in terms of sealing capability during transients . However , if not designed properly , the bristle pack compliance can be detrimental to the performance of the seal . GE GLobal Research has investigated the stiffness and heat generation properties of non - metallic brush seals made from Kevlar and Carbon Fiber . The presentation will review the progress made on the design points of the seals , as well as highlight some current commercial applications of the technology .
This paper presents a comparative analysis of a few metamodeling techniques using numerical experiments for the single input - single output case . These experiments enable comparing the models ' predictions with the phenomenon they are aiming to describe as more data is made available . These techniques include ( i ) prediction intervals associated with a least squares parameter estimate , ( ii ) Bayesian credible intervals , ( iii ) Gaussian process models , and ( iv ) interval predictor models . Aspects being compared are computational complexity , accuracy ( i.e. , the degree to which the resulting prediction conforms to the actual Data Generating Mechanism ) , reliability ( i.e. , the probability that new observations will fall inside the predicted interval ) , sensitivity to outliers , extrapolation properties , ease of use , and asymptotic behavior . The numerical experiments describe typical application scenarios that challenge the underlying assumptions supporting most metamodeling techniques .
A viewgraph presentation describing the suborbital telepresence project utilizing in - flight network computing is shown . The topics include : 1 ) Motivation ; 2 ) Suborbital Telepresence and Global Test Range ; 3 ) Tropical Composition , Cloud , and Climate Coupling Experiment ( TC4 ) ; 4 ) Data Sets for TC4 Real - time Monitoring ; 5 ) TC-4 Notional Architecture ; 6 ) An Application Integration View ; 7 ) Telepresence : Architectural Framework ; and 8) Disruption Tolerant Networks .
The precision of a radial basis function ( RBF ) neural network based tracking method has been assessed against real targets .   Precision was assessed against traditionally measured   frame - by - frame measurements from the recorded data set .   The results show the potential limit for the technique and reveal intricacies associated with empirical data not necessarily   observed in simulations .
How might lightning measurements be used to improve short - term ( 0 - 24 hr ) weather forecasting ? We examine this question under two different prediction strategies . These include integration of lightning data into short - term forecasts ( nowcasts ) of convective ( including severe ) weather hazards and the assimilation of lightning data into cloud - resolving numerical weather prediction models . In each strategy we define specific metrics of forecast improvement and a progress assessment . We also address the conventional observing system deficiencies and potential gap - filling information that can be addressed through the use of the lightning measurement .
This experiment will integrate a VBB ( Very Broad Band ) two axis seismometer , a three axis Short Period seismometer and a series of environmental sensors for pressure , infra - sounds and temperature . IPGP ( France ) has the overall responsibility of the experiment and is responsible for the VBB and environmental sensors . ETHZ ( Switzerland ) is responsible for the electronics of the experiment and JPL ( USA ) for the SP ( Short Period ) sensors . SEIS instrument was first proposed and accepted for NetLander mission ( and will also be in charge of data acquisition for SPICE experiment ) . This seismic package should also be proposed for future missions .
Recent advances in laser technology have produced the opportunity to realize more stable and accurate atomic clocks , by laser excitation , manipulation and cooling of atoms . In this   paper we will describe a new scheme based on the use of lasers with atomic clocks to increase the sensitivity of experimental search for a spin - gravity coupling .
This session is intended to provide to HRP IWS attendees instant feedback on archived astronaut data , including such topics as content of archives , access , request processing , and data format . Members of the LSAH and LSDA teams will be available at a ' help desk ' during the poster sessions to answer questions from researchers .
Magnetic diffraction grating materials , being developed to provide a simple means of deflecting light in a two dimensional , solid state fashion are discussed . The most promising material , for several applications , appears to be bismuth substituted iron garnet films in epitaxial form . Calculations indicate that deflection efficiency greater than 60 % is possible in the near infrared region of the spectrum . Within the field of view of the deflector , measurements predict that 105 resolvable spots can be expected . Applications include : ( 1 ) general purpose deflection of free laser light , ( 2 ) image processing of extended sources such as transparencies , ( 3 ) programmable lensing , and ( 4 ) fiber optic matrix switching .
This paper will describe the objectives of the Marshall Space Flight Center ( MSFC ) Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph Investigation ( SUMI ) and the unique optical components that have been developed to meet those objectives . A sounding rocket payload has been developed to test the feasibility of magnetic field measurements in the Sun 's transition region . The optics have been optimized for simultaneous measurements of two magnetic sensitive lines formed in the transition region ( CIV at 1550 A and MgII at 2800 A ) . This paper will concentrate on the polarization properties SUMI 's toroidal varied - line - space ( TVLS ) gratings and its system level testing as we prepare to launch in the Summer of 2008 .
Trimble Navigation was one of the original contractors building military grade GPS receivers and has been a dominant manufacturer in the civilian market . Two Trimble user groups have been formed . By participating in GPS user groups , members become more aware of GPS capabilities and opportunities , meet people with similar interests and needs , expand business opportunities , and provide Trimble with valuable information needed to engineer better GPS equipment .
Observations of the climate system are critical for model validation and initialization , and also for monitoring in case of " surprises . " Presently . we are still benefiting from data provided by the international fleet of Earth Observing satellites launched from the late 1990 's onwards as well as from the longer - term record provided hy the operational meteorological satellites . However , we could be facing some data gaps in the near term in some critical areas . In situ measurements continue to be vital and , while they may be augmented hy future satellite measurements , will continue to be irreplaceable .
A new method to automatically segment arc - like loop structures from intensity images of the Sun 's corona is introduced . The method constructively segments credible loop structures by exploiting the Gaussian - like shape of loop cross - sectional intensity profiles . The experimental results show that the method reasonably segments most of the well - defined loops in coronal images . The method is only the second published automated solar loop segmentation method . Its advantage over the other published method is that it operates independently of supplemental time specific data .
The Ozone Monitoring Instrument ( OMI ) , which is on the EOS AURA satellite , retrieves vertical column densities ( VCDs ) of NO2 , along with those of several other trace gases . The relatively high spatial resolution and daily global coverage of the instrument make it particularly well - suited to monitoring tropospheric pollution at scales on the order of 20 km . The OMI NO2 algorithm distinguishes polluted regions from background stratospheric NO2 using a separation algorithm that relies on the smoothly varying stratospheric NO2 and estimations of both stratospheric and tropospheric air mass factors ( AMFs ) . Version 1 of OMI NO2 data has been released for public use . An overview of OMI NO2 data , some recent results and a description of the improvements for version 2 of the algorithm will be presented .
The Orion On - board GNC system is among the most complex ever developed for a space mission . It is designed to operate autonomously ( independent of the ground ) . The rendezvous system in particular was designed to operate on the far side of the moon , and in the case of loss - of - communications with the ground . The vehicle GNC system is designed to retarget the rendezvous maneuvers , given a mission plan . As such , all the maneuvers which will be performed by Orion , have been designed and are being incorporated into the flight code .
Montgomery ( 1959 ) first studied how Alfven waves steepen to form collisionless shocks by use of a two - fluid model . He solved the coupled Lorentz equations of motion for electrons and ions and Maxwell equations by a perturbation technique and showed that linearized polarized Alfven waves in the course of time steepen to form shocks . We have extended this work and have obtained exact simple wave solutions and show that in the limit of slow fluid time scales , we recover the earlier result of Montgomery . For an arbitrary fluid time scale , the solutions include elliptically polarized Alfven waves which also steepen and evolve into shocks . These nonlinear Alfven waves are important in the study of the dynamic solar wind discontinuities .
The presence of dust in the general interstellar medium is inferred f r o m the general extinction of starlight , the diffuse infrared emission , and the elemental abundance constraints . X - ray haloes around X - ray sources , produced by small angle scattering from intervening interstellar dust particles provide a new probe into the nature of interstellar dust . In this talk I will review the physics of X - ray scattering by dust particles , and present an analysis of dust properties around select X - ray sources .
We describe prototype arrays of magnetically coupled microcalorimeters fabricated with an approach scalable to very large format arrays . The superconducting interconnections and sensor coils have sufficiently low inductance in the wiring and sufficiently high inductance in the coils in each pixel , to enable arrays containing greater than 4000 sensors and 100,000 X - ray absorbers to be used in future astrophysics missions such as Lynx . We have used projection lithography to create submicron patterns ( e.g. , 400 - nanometer - lines and spaces ) in our niobium sensor coils and wiring , integrated with gold - erbium sensor films and gold X - ray absorbers . Our prototype devices will explore the device physics of metallic magnetic calorimeters as feature sizes are reduced to nanoscale .
Temperature profiles acquired by Goddard Space Flight Center 's AROTEL lidar during the SOLVE mission onboard NASA 's DC-8 are compared with predicted values from several atmospheric models ( DAO , NCEP and UKMO ) . The variability in the differences between measured and calculated temperature fields was approximately 5 K. Retrieved temperatures within the polar vortex showed large regions that were significantly colder than predicted by the atmospheric models .
Published electron impact cross section data on halogens Cl2 , F2 , and halogen containing compounds such as Cx Fy , HCl , Cx Cly Fz are reviewed and critically evaluated based on the information provided by various researchers . The present work reports data on electron impact excitation , ionization , dissociation , electron attachment , electron detachment , and photo detachment . Elastic scattering cross sections and data on bulk properties such as diffusion coefficients in various background gases are also evaluated . Since some of the cross sectional data is derived from indirect measurements such as drift velocity , care has been taken to reconcile the differences among the reported data with due attention to the measurement technique . In conclusion , the processes with no or very limited amount of data and questionable set of data are identified and recommendation for further research direction is made .
This talk concerns the plans to update the CREME96 model that is currently available on the WWW . The talk states the reasons for updating C REME . It describes the updates that are planned , including the single   event prediction paradigm , the method of radiation transport through   the spacecraft to the electronic component of interest and the planned updates to models for the space radiation environment . It also revi ews user suggestions received do date for the update .