silkski/ENERAD huggingface dataset:
Contents include the following : 1 . SS calculations show multi - collision effect can affect both downstream measurements and flux at surface . 2 . Pulsed calculations at nominal source fluxes show that the flux to the surface is close to that expected from theory , but more information is needed . 3 . Pulsed calculations needed more resolution to determine whether downstream flux correction is necessary . 4 . Higher pulsed fluxes should show multi - collision effects more clearly .
We will show results from an end - to - end study of the energy transfer from injected magnetosheath plasmas to the near - Earth magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas and the resulting ion outflow to the magnetosphere . This study includes modeling of the evolution of the magnetosheath precipitation in the cusp using a kinetic code with a realistic magnetic field configuration . These evolved , highly non - Maxwellian distributions are used as input to a 2D PIC code to analyze the resulting wave generation . The wave analysis is used in the kinetic code as input to the cold ionospheric ions to study the transfer of energy to these ions and their outflow to the magnetosphere . Observations from the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment ( TIDE ) and other instruments on the Polar Spacecraft will be compared to the modeling .
In 1989 , Fraas and Avery demonstrated a world - record 31 % efficient AM0 GaAs / GaSb tandem solar cell . This record efficiency still holds today . However , the GaAs / GaSb mechanical - stacked cell was designed to work with concentrated sunlight and at that time , the space community had no experience with concentrated sunlight solar arrays .
No standard test practice currently exists for strain - controlled thermomechanical fatigue ( TMF ) testing . This paper discusses recent activities which lay the foundation for standardization of TMF test methods . Specifically , the paper documents the results of two interlaboratory TMF test programs , identifies key TMF symposia and workshops , and discusses efforts toward drafting a TMF standard test practice .
The Meteoroid Environment Office ( MEO ) has recently been formed within the Engineering Directorate at NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center . With agency - wide responsibility for defining the meteoroid environments for spacecraft engineering operations purposes , the MEO will distribute a state - of - the - art sporadic meteoroid model as well as meteor shower forecasts for spacecraft operators . To improve these models and forecasts , the MEO will manage an observation and research program . Office responsibilities , products , and plans will be discussed in this paper . The MEO is sponsored by the Office of Safety and Mission Assurance at NASA Headquarters .
The utility of Prognostics and Health Management ( PHM ) software capability applied to Autonomous Operations ( AO ) remains an active research area within aerospace applications . The ability to gain insight into which assets and subsystems are functioning properly , along with the derivation of confident predictions concerning future ability , reliability , and availability , are important enablers for making sound mission planning decisions . When coupled with software that fully supports mission planning and execution , an integrated solution can be developed that leverages state assessment and estimation for the purposes of delivering autonomous operations . The authors have been applying this integrated , model - based approach to the autonomous loading of cryogenic spacecraft propellants at Kennedy Space Center .
Advanced space transportation systems , including vehicle state of health systems , will produce large amounts of data which must be stored on board the vehicle and or transmitted to the ground and stored . The cost of storage or transmission of the data could be reduced if the number of bits required to represent the data is reduced by the use of data compression techniques . Most of the work done in this study was rather generic and could apply to many data compression systems , but the first application area to be considered was launch vehicle state of health telemetry systems . Both lossless and lossy compression techniques were considered in this study .
The success of exploratory missions in outer space often depends on a highly efficient renewable energy supply , as provided by solar cells . Figure 1 shows a well - known example : The robotic vehicle " Rover , " constructed for NASA s " Mars Pathfinder " mission . The solar cells for such applications not only need to have high conversion efficiency , but must possess a high specific power , thus a high power output per unit mass . Since future missions will demand for large aggregates of solar cells and space flights are expensive , the solar cells must furthermore be available at low costs ( per unit power output ) and - very important in outer space - have a long lifetime and a high resistance against structural damage introduced by irradiation with high - energy electrons and protons .
The Natural Environments Branch at Marshall Space Flight Center is an integral part of many NASA satellite and launch vehicle programs , providing analyses of the space and terrestrial environments that are used for program development efforts , operational support , and anomaly investigations . The space environment capabilities of the Natural Environments Branch at MSFC will be presented . These capabilities include model development , analysis of space and terrestrial related data , spacecraft charging anomaly investigations , surface charging modeling ( e.g. , Nascap-2k ) , space environment definition and radiation assessments for electronic parts . All aspects of space and terrestrial design are implemented with the goal of devising missions that are successful from launch to operations in the space environment of LEO , polar , GEO , and interplanetary orbits . We will show examples of recent applications of branch capabilities to NASA missions .
SpaceWire is becoming a preferred protocol for board to board communication over a backplane in addition to its existing use over cabled interfaces , replacing other protocols due to its simplicity and readily available flight quality physical layer devices , IP cores and test equipment . However , without specific guidelines for implementing SpaceWire over a backplane , designers are left to make trade decisions regarding connector selection , layout design rules and test accessibility issues . This paper will discuss NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center s implementation of high speed SpaceWire over backplane on James Webb Space Telescope and other missions .
The topics covered by the sessions under the working group on Ionosphere - Thermosphere - Mesosphere dealt with various aspects of the response of the ionosphere - thermosphere coupled system and the middle atmosphere to solar variability . There were four plenary talks related to the theme of this working group , thirteen oral presentations in three sessions and six poster presentations . A number of issues related to effects of solar variability on the ionosphere - thermosphere , observed using satellite and ground - based data including ground magnetometer observations , radio beacon studies of equatorial spread F , and modeling of some of these effects , were discussed . Radar observations of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere region and a future mission to study the coupling of thunderstorm processes to this region , the ionosphere , and magnetosphere were also presented .
Simultaneous entanglement in spin and space - time of a two - photon quantum state generated in type-2 spontaneous parametric down - conversion is demonstrated by the observation of quantum interference with 98 % visibility in a simple beam - splitter ( Hanburry Brown - Twiss ) anticorrelation experiment . The nonlocal cancellation of two - photon probability amplitudes as a result of this double entanglement allows us to demonstrate two different types of Bell 's inequality violations in one experimental setup .
We propose a framework using system dynamics to model the dynamic behavior of organizations in accident analysis . Most current accident analysis techniques are event - based and do not adequately capture the dynamic complexity and non - linear interactions that characterize accidents in complex systems . In this paper we propose a set of system safety archetypes that model common safety culture flaws in organizations , i.e. , the dynamic behaviour of organizations that often leads to accidents . As accident analysis and investigation tools , the archetypes can be used to develop dynamic models that describe the systemic and organizational factors contributing to the accident . The archetypes help clarify why safety - related decisions do not always result in the desired behavior , and how independent decisions in different parts of the organization can combine to impact safety .
The concept of Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests ( TASAR ) combines Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast ( ADS - B ) IN and airborne automation to enable user - optimal in - flight trajectory replanning and to increase the likelihood of Air Traffic Control ( ATC ) approval for the resulting trajectory change request . TASAR is designed as a near - term application to improve flight efficiency or other user - desired attributes of the flight while not impacting and potentially benefiting ATC . Previous work has indicated the potential for significant benefits for each TASAR - equipped aircraft . This paper will discuss the approach to minimizing TASAR 's cost for implementation and accelerating readiness for near - term implementation .
The subject paper shows promise in leading to a useful system for integrating deliberative planning , plan repair , and execution control in a dynamic environment with real - time   constraints . The conditions in which the system described would enable such integration seem to be ones that would apply to significant practical problems for an autonomous rover .
Even though the Small PayLoad Integrated Testing Services or SPLITS line of business is newly established , KSC has been involved in a variety of CubeSat projects and programs . CubeSat development projects have been initiated through educational outreach partnerships with schools and universities , commercial partnerships and internal training initiatives . KSC has also been involved in CubeSat deployment through programs to find launch opportunities to fly CubeSats as auxiliary payloads on previously planned missions and involvement in the development of new launch capabilities for small satellites . This overview will highlight the CubeSat accomplishments at KSC and discuss planning for future projects and opportunities .
There are many factors that affect the level of requirements volatility a system experiences over its lifecycle and the risk that volatility imparts . Improper requirements generation , undocumented user expectations , conflicting design decisions , and anticipated / unanticipated world states are representative of these volatility factors . Combined , these volatility factors can increase programmatic risk and adversely affect successful system development . This paper proposes that a Bayesian Network can be used to support reasonable judgments concerning the most likely sources and types of requirements volatility a developing system will experience prior to starting development and by doing so it is possible to predict the level of requirements volatility the system will experience over its lifecycle . This assessment offers valuable insight to the system 's developers , particularly by providing a starting point for risk mitigation planning and execution .
A new computational capability under development for accurate and efficient high - fidelity direct numerical simulation ( DNS ) and large eddy simulation ( LES ) of turbomachinery is described . This capability is based on an entropy - stable Discontinuous - Galerkin spectral - element approach that extends to arbitrarily high orders of spatial and temporal accuracy and is implemented in a computationally efficient manner on a modern high performance computer architecture . A validation study using this method to perform DNS of flow in a low - pressure turbine airfoil cascade are presented . Preliminary results indicate that the method captures the main features of the flow . Discrepancies between the predicted results and the experiments are likely due to the effects of freestream turbulence not being included in the simulation and will be addressed in the final paper .
The purpose of the Cleanser , Detergent , Personal Care Product , and Pretreatment Evaluation & Selection task is to identify the optimal combination of personal hygiene products , crew activities , and pretreatment strategies to provide the crew with sustainable life support practices and a comfortable habitat . Minimal energy , mass , and crew time inputs are desired to recycle wastewater during long duration missions . This document will provide a brief background on the work this past year supporting the ELS Distillation Comparison Test , issues regarding use of the hygiene products originally chosen for the test , methods and results used to select alternative products , and lessons learned from testing .
May 2007 , NASA 's Constellation Program selected John C Stennis Space Center ( SSC ) near Waveland Mississippi as the site to construct an altitude test facility for the developmental and qualification testing of the Ares1 upper stage ( US ) engine . Test requirements born out of the Ares1 US propulsion system design necessitate exceptional Data Acquisition System ( DAS ) design solutions that support facility and propellant systems conditioning , test operations control and test data analysis . This paper reviews the new A3 Altitude Test Facility 's DAS design requirements for real - time deterministic digital data , DAS technology enhancements , system trades , technology validation activities , and the current status of this system 's new architecture . Also to be discussed will be current network technologies to improve data transfer .
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center will launch the Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System ( ProSEDS ) space experiment in late 2000 . ProSEDS will demonstrate the use of an electrodynamic tether propulsion system and will utilize a conducting wire tether to generate limited spacecraft power . This paper will provide an overview of the ProSEDS mission and will discuss the design , development and test of the spacecraft telemetry system which utilizes a custom designed GPS subsystem to determine spacecraft position relative to ground station location and to control transmitter on / off cycling based on spacecraft state vector and ground station visibility .
Session TA3 includes short reports covering : ( 1 ) Vestibulo - Oculomotor Interaction in Long - Term Microgravity ; ( 2 ) Effects of Weightlessness on the Spatial Orientation of Visually Induced Eye Movements ; ( 3 ) Adaptive Modification of the Three - Dimensional Vestibulo - Ocular Reflex during Prolonged Microgravity ; ( 4 ) The Dynamic Change of Brain Potential Related to Selective Attention to Visual Signals from Left and Right Visual Fields ; ( 5 ) Locomotor Errors Caused by Vestibular Suppression ; and ( 6 ) A Novel , Image - Based Technique for Three - Dimensional Eye Measurement .
The Radiation Hardened Electronics for Space Environments ( RHESE ) project consists of a series of tasks designed to develop and mature a broad spectrum of radiation hardened and low temperature electronics technologies . Three approaches are being taken to address radiation hardening : improved material hardness , design techniques to improve radiation tolerance , and software methods to improve radiation tolerance . Within these approaches various technology products are being addressed including Field Programmable Gate Arrays ( FPGA ) , Field Programmable Analog Arrays ( FPAA ) , MEMS , Serial Processors , Reconfigurable Processors , and Parallel Processors . In addition to radiation hardening , low temperature extremes are addressed with a focus on material and design approaches . System level applications for the RHESE technology products are discussed .
NASA ’s missions rely on the Space Network to relay critical mission data to control centers and scientists here on Earth . The international Space Station is NASA ’s most critical missions that relies on this network . The International Space Station plays a key role in the international science community , enabling human spaceflight , space and Earth science experiments , as well as technology demonstrations , in the space environment . The unique environment of the station ’s approximately 250 - mile - high orbit allows astronauts to conduct experiments which provide valuable insight in the fields of physics , biology , astronomy , meteorology and more . The station also transmits time - sensitive , mission - critical data like information about the crew ’s health and the status of the station ’s systems .
A new approach for assessing development risk associated with technology development projects is presented . The method represents technology evolution in terms of sector - specific discrete development stages . A Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate development probability distributions based on statistical models of the discrete transitions . Development risk is derived from the resulting probability distributions and specific program requirements . Two sample cases are discussed to illustrate the approach , a single rocket engine development and a three - technology space transportation portfolio .
Operators of a constellation of CubeSats have to confront a number of daunting challenges that can be cost prohibitive , or operationally prohibitive , to missions that could otherwise be enabled by a satellite constellation . Challenges including operations complexity , intersatellite communication , intersatellite navigation , and time sharing tasks between satellites are all complicated by operating with the usual CubeSat size , power , and budget constraints . EDSN pioneers innovative solutions to these problems as they are presented on the nano - scale satellite platform .
The objectives of this program are to : ( 1 ) To develop a safe , reliable , inexpensive , and minimum operation launch assist system for sending payloads into orbit using ground powered , magnetic suspension and propulsion technologies ; ( 2 ) Improve safety , reliability , operability for third generation Reusable Launch Vehicles ( RLV ) ; ( 3 ) Reduce vehicle weight and increase payload capacity ; and ( 4 ) Support operational testing of Rocket Based Combine Cycle ( RBCC ) engines .
The conference sprang from discussions on the current climate that women face in science , mathematics , engineering , and technology . The conference ( and this document ) is a beginning , not a culmination , of women 's learning leadership skills . Conferees were active , articulate , energetic , and ready to learn leadership qualities , some of which seem universal , others that appear to require skills in specific fields . After the introduction , the workshops and presentations are arranged under vision and direction , barriers , alignment and communication , and motivation and inspiration . Some statistics are presented on women degrees and employment in various fields .
The responsibility for curating NASA 's astromaterials collections falls to the NASA Curation Office at Johnson Space Center . Under the governing document , NASA Policy Directive ( NPD ) 7100.10F and derivative requirements documents , JSC is charged with curation of all extraterrestrial material under NASA control , including future NASA missions to include material returned in Mars Sample Return ( MSR ) efforts , OSIRIS - REx , NASA 's subset of Hayabusa-2 samples , and any other sample return missions . The Directive defines Curation as activities including documentation , preservation , sample preparation , distribution , and tracking of samples for research , education , and public outreach . In this abstract we will describe Curation 's research and development efforts to improve the care of existing collections and prepare for future NASA sample return missions . These efforts are collectively referred to as Advanced Curation , a term first coined in 2002 .
This study introduces space - based ocean and atmospheric profiling lidar for improving modeling and understanding of ocean carbon cycle . Unique measurements from space - based profiling lidars include ( 1 ) the global ocean surface mean square slope measurements for improving air - sea turbulence exchange estimates ; ( 2 ) the backscatter and beam attenuation measurements for improving the global estimate of partial pressure of CO2 of the ocean with the reduction of uncertainties in primary productivity estimates . Global statistics of CALIOP integrated ocean subsurface backscatter measurements of coastal waters will be presented . The study will also assess the impact of CALIOP on the uncertainty reduction of primary productivity and the improvement of CO2 partial pressure estimates . Ocean surface roughness statistics , its applications in air - sea interaction and its comparisons with other measurements will also be presented
This paper presents the development of a fuzzy logic function trained by an artificial neural network to classify the system noise temperature ( SNT ) of antennas in the NASA Deep Space Network ( DSN ) . The SNT data were classified into normal , marginal , and abnormal classes . The irregular SNT pattern was further correlated with link margin and weather data . A reasonably good correlation is detected among high SNT , low link margin and the effect of bad weather ; however we also saw some unexpected non - correlations which merit further study in the future .
The predictions of models of trapped energetic particle radiation at low altitudes , including the NASA trapped radiation models , are compared with low altitude measurements of energetic protons and electrons . Knowledge of the trapped energetic particle radiation at low altitudes in the vicinity of the south Atlantic magnetic anomaly is considered to be important for the analysis of the space environmental effects on space systems in this region . The long term trends in the observations are generally consistent with the NASA trapped radiation models . The discrepancies between the models and observations are currently being investigated using a 3D diffusive model and realistic atmospheric and magnetic field models . The requirements for future work and development of low altitude trapped radiation environment models are discussed .
Over the past 5 - 6 years , NASA has been developing the Information Power Grid and has a persistent testbed currently based on GT2.4.2 . This presentation will begin with an overview of IPG status and services , discuss key milestones in IPG development , and present early as well as expected applications . The presentation will discuss some of the issues encountered in developing a grid including the tension between providing centralized and distributed computing . These issues also affect how the grid is moved into full production . Finally , the presentation will provide current plans for moving IPG into full production , including gaining broad user input , developing acceptance criteria from the production operations group , planning upgrades , and training users .
We present work on a prototype tool based on the JavaPathfinder ( JPF ) model checker for automatically generating tests satisfying the MC / DC code coverage criterion . Using the Eclipse IDE , developers and testers can quickly instrument Java source code with JPF annotations covering all MC / DC coverage obligations , and JPF can then be used to automatically generate tests that satisfy these obligations . The prototype extension to JPF enables various tasks useful in automatic test generation to be performed , such as test suite reduction and execution of generated tests .