silkski/ENERAD huggingface dataset:
Downward flame spread rates over vertically vibrated thin fuel samples are measured in air at one atmospheric pressure under normal gravity . Unlike flame spread against forced‐convective flows , the present results show that with increasing vibration acceleration the flame spread rate increases before being blown off at high acceleration levels causing flame extinction . A simple scaling analysis seems to explain this phenomenon , which may have important implications to flammability studies including in microgravity environments .
This viewgraph presentation explores how NASA can apply the global shift in demographics , the popularity of collaborative technology and the desire for participation to the future of space exploration . Included in this is a review of the evolution of work , the engagement gap , user contribution systems and a case study concerning the " digital astronaut " .
This slide presentation reviews some of the lessons learned in the sphere of international cooperation during the development , assembly and operation of the International Space Station . From the begining all Partners shared a common objective to build , operate and utilize a crewed laboratory in low orbit as an international partnership . The importance of standards is emphasized .
Learners are encouraged to combine knowledge from different areas to choose a solution or to make a decision at acertain point . Learners can test how the outcome of the game changes based on their decisions and actions . Learners are encouraged to contact other team members and discuss and negotiate subsequent steps , thus improving their social skills .
The National Transonic Facility continues to make enhancements to provide quality data in a safe , efficient and cost effective method for aerodynamic ground testing . Recent enhancements discussed in this paper include the restoration of reliability and improved performance of the heat exchanger systems resulting in the expansion of the NTF air operations envelope . Additionally , results are presented from a continued effort to reduce model dynamics through the use of a new stiffer balance and sting .
This slide presentation presents NASA 's Common Badging and Access Control System . NASA began a Smart Card implementation in January 2004 . Following site surveys , it was determined that NASA 's badging and access control systems required upgrades to common infrastructure in order to provide flexibly , usability , and return on investment prior to a smart card implantation . Common Badging and Access Control System ( CBACS ) provides the common infrastructure from which FIPS-201 compliant processes , systems , and credentials can be developed and used .
A suitable long - term goal for human exploration of Mars is the determination of whether or not a self - sustainable bio - sphere could be constructed on Mars , a process called Terraforming . Preliminary considerations of the conditions on a habitable Mars suggest that there are two potentially habitable states : one -characterized by an atmosphere of 1 - 3 bars of CO2 - would be habitable for plants and microorganisms and another which would be habitable by humans . It may be possible to warm the planet by selective introduction of trace gases to enhance the greenhouse effect . Energy balance considerations suggest that warming Mars would take on the order of 100 years with a much longer time required to produce a breathable atmosphere .
The earth observing system ( EOS ) data information system ( EOSDIS ) mission includes the cost - effective management and distribution of large amounts of data to the earth science community . The effect of the introduction of new information system technologies on the evolution of EOSDIS is considered . One of the steps taken by NASA to enable the introduction of new information system technologies into the EOSDIS is the funding of technology development through prototyping . Recent and ongoing prototyping efforts and their potential impact on the performance and cost - effectiveness of the EOSDIS are discussed . The technology evolution process as it related to the effective operation of EOSDIS is described , and methods are identified for the support of the transfer of relevant technology to EOSDIS components .
All hydrocarbon- ( HC- ) fueled heat engine exhaust ( tailpipe ) emissions ( < 10 to 140 nm ) contribute as health hazards , including emissions from transportation vehicles ( e.g. , aircraft ) and other HC - fueled power systems . CO2 emissions are tracked , and when mapped , show outlines of major transportation routes and cities . Particulate pollution affects living tissue and is found to be detrimental to cardiovascular and respiratory systems where ultrafine particulates directly translocate to promote vascular system diseases potentially detectable as organic vapors . This paper discusses aviation emissions , fueling , and certification issues , including heat engine emissions hazards , detection at low levels and tracking of emissions , and alternate energy sources for general aviation .
The John C. Stennis Space Center ( SSC ) provides test operations services to a variety of customers , including NASA , DoD , and commercial enterprises for the development of current and next - generation rocket propulsion systems . Many of these testing services are provided in the E - Complex test facilities composed of three active test stands ( E1 , E2 , & E3 ) and 7 total test positions . Each test position is outfitted with unique sets of data acquisition and controls hardware and software that record both facility and test article data and enable safe operation of the test facility . This paper addresses each system in more detail including efforts to upgrade hardware and software .
The STS-121 / ULF1.1 mission was the maiden flight of the Programmable Thermostat Module ( PTM ) system used to control the 28 V shell heaters on the Multi - Purpose Logistics Module ( MPLM ) . These PTMs , in conjunction with a Data Recorder Module ( DRM ) , provide continuous closed loop temperature control and data recording of MPLM on - orbit heater operations . This paper will discuss the hardware design , development , test and verification ( DDT&V ) activities performed at the Marshall Space Flight Center ( MSFC ) as well as the operational implementation and mission performance .
3D graphics through the Internet needs to move beyond the current lowest common denominator of pre - computed movies , which consume bandwidth and are non - interactive . Panelists will demonstrate and compare 3D graphical tools for accessing , analyzing , and collaborating on information through the Internet and World - wide web . The " shoot - out " will illustrate which tools are likely to be the best for the various types of information , including dynamic scientific data , 3 - D objects , and virtual environments . The goal of the panel is to encourage more effective use of the Internet by encouraging suppliers and users of information to adopt the next generation of graphical tools .
Program priorities include : ( 1 ) Expand and advance NASA 's scientific and technological base by building on prior year 's efforts in research and academic infrastructure ; ( 2 ) Increase exposure to NASA 's unique mission and facilities by developing closer relationships with NASA Strategic Enterprises ; ( 3 ) Increase involvement in competitive peer review and merit selection processes ; ( 4 ) Contribute significantly to the Agency 's strategic goals and objectives ; ( 5 ) Create systemic and sustainable change through partnerships and programs that enhance research and education programs ; ( 6 ) Prepare faculty and students at HBCU 's for NASA - related fields and increase number of students that enter and successfully complete degrees in NASA - related fields ; ( 7 ) Establish measurable program goals and objectives ; and ( 8) Improve financial management performance .
Systems engineers worldwide have been working to implement Model - Based Systems Engineering ( MBSE ) environments , tools , and methodologies . A significant , expected benefit from MBSE is a reduction in the time commitment for all aspects of systems engineering . Although advances in MBSE have occurred , a gap has emerged between the traditional configuration management ( CM ) processes for documents and those needed in an MBSE environment .
We describe an algebra of Edge - Valued Decision Diagrams ( EVMDDs ) to encode arithmetic functions and its implementation in a model checking library . We provide efficient algorithms for manipulating EVMDDs and review the theoretical time complexity of these algorithms for all basic arithmetic and relational operators . We also demonstrate that the time complexity of the generic recursive algorithm for applying a binary operator on EVMDDs is no worse than that of Multi- Terminal Decision Diagrams . We have implemented a new symbolic model checker with the intention to represent in one formalism the best techniques available at the moment across a spectrum of existing tools . Compared to the CUDD package , our tool is several orders of magnitude faster
Taking advantage of a novel approach to the design of the orbital transfer optimization problem and advanced non - linear programming algorithms , several optimal transfer trajectories are found for problems with and without known analytic solutions . This method treats the fixed known gravitational constants as optimization variables in order to reduce the need for an advanced initial guess . Complex periodic orbits are targeted with very simple guesses and the ability to find optimal transfers in spite of these bad guesses is successfully demonstrated . Impulsive transfers are considered for orbits in both the 2 - body frame as well as the circular restricted three - body problem ( CRTBP ) . The results with this new approach demonstrate the potential for increasing robustness for all types of orbit transfer problems .
In this talk , I will discuss the fundamental science and society problems associated with global change , with an emphasis on the view from space . I will provide an overview of the vision and activities of the World Climate Research Program in the next two decades . Then I will show regional climate changes and environmental problems in the East Asian region , such as biomass burning , urban pollutions , yellow sand , and their possible interaction with the Asian monsoon , particularly over Southern China .
The NASA White Sands Test Facility ( WSTF ) in a joint program with the Naval Sea Systems Command has evaluated a number of solvents as alternatives to the use of chlorofluorocarbons currently utilized for cleaning of oxygen systems . Particular attention has been given to the cleaning of gauges and instrumentation used in oxygen service , since there have been no identified aqueous alternatives . The requirements identified as selection criteria , include toxicity , physical properties consistent with application , flammability , oxygen compatibility , and cleaning ability . This paper provides a summary of results and recommendations for solvents evaluated to date .
This paper analyzes a recently published model for Lynx Mirror Assembly production duration , to understand the sensitivity of duration to various factors . The factors considered are finite process yield , knowledge of the individual process times and finite server reliability . In all of these cases , closed form estimates are given along with numerical examples . This initial analysis indicates that accurate and precise knowledge of the process times is fundamental to making an accurate prediction of schedule duration . Analysis of the failure of any given server is also explained and can be used as the basis of a rational sparing policy .
Due to modifications to the ISS waste water composition , the concentration of volatile organics has significantly increased in the feed to the Water Processor Assembly ( WPA ) . In parallel , the oxygen supply pressure increased , resulting in a higher flow rate of oxygen to the WPA . Preliminary testing at Hamilton Sund strand indicated that the higher oxygen flow rate would increase the WPA capacity for volatile organics . Following an analysis of the expected waste water composition , personnel at NASA MSFC and Hamilton Sundstrand conducted a test of a flight - like reactor to assess its capacity for the higher organic loads . The results of this test indicate the WPA can accommodate the expected organic load in the ISS waste water with margin .
Stud mount accelerometers are widely used by the aerospace industry to measure shock environments during hardware qualification . The commonly used contact - based sensors , however , interfere with the shock waves and distort the acquired signature , which is a concern not actively discussed in the community . To alleviate these interference issues , engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory are investigating the use of non - intrusive sensors , specifically Laser Doppler Vibrometers , as alternatives to the stud mounted accelerometers . This paper will describe shock simulation tests completed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory , compare the measurements from stud mounted accelerometers and Laser Doppler Vibrometers , and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of introducing Laser Doppler Vibrometers as alternative sensors for measuring shock environments .
In the course of their Born - Oppenheimer calculations of this system Todd and Armour noted that the lowest - lying state closely resembles the hydrogen negative ion , since the antiproton lies very close to the helium nucleus and shields one unit of nuclear charge . In the present paper this observation will be taken seriously to produce a variationally correct estimate of the total energy of this system , along with a similar estimate of the energy of the once - ionized system . The nonadiabatic effect of exactly treating the reduced masses improves the results .
The Subsonic Fixed Wing Project of NASA 's Fundamental Aeronautics Program has adopted a noise reduction goal for new , subsonic , single - aisle , civil aircraft expected to replace current 737 and A320 airplanes . These so - called ' N+1 ' aircraft - designated in NASA vernacular as such since they will follow the current , in - service , ' N ' airplanes - are hoped to achieve certification noise goal levels of 32 cumulative EPNdB under current Stage 4 noise regulations . A notional , N+1 , single - aisle , twinjet transport with ultrahigh bypass ratio turbofan engines is analyzed in this study using NASA software and methods . Several advanced noise - reduction technologies are analytically applied to the propulsion system and airframe . Certification noise levels are predicted and compared with the NASA goal .
Aerogels are nanoporous materials which can be used to enhance the transport properties of ceramic fiber materials , to exploit their unique properties such as high porosity , large surface area , low density and low thermal conductivity . Numerous applications have been investigated . major obstacle to commercialization is that the structure of aerogels collapses due to the adsorption of water . simple and relatively cheap process has been developed to waterproof silica , alumina and alumina - silica and carbon aerogels and composites incorporating them . Previous waterproofing methods are short lived or expensive and time consuming .
This paper describes the time - filtered Navier - Stokes approach capable of capturing unsteady flow structures important for turbulent mixing and an accompanying subgrid model directly accounting for the major processes in turbulence - chemistry interaction . They have been applied to the computation of two - phase turbulent combustion occurring in a single - element lean - direct - injection combustor . Some of the preliminary results from this computational effort are presented in this paper .
In 2007 , the National Research Council ( NRC ) completed its first decadal survey for Earth science at the request of NASA , NOAA , and USGS . The Lidar Surface Topography ( LIST ) mission is one of fifteen missions recommended by NRC , whose primary objectives are to map global topography and vegetation structure at 5 m spatial resolution , and to acquire global surface height mapping within a few years . NASA Goddard conducted an initial mission concept study for the LIST mission in 2007 , and developed the initial measurement requirements for the mission .
he Jet Propulsion Laboratory 's Entry , Descent and Landing ( EDL ) Reconstruction Task has developed a software system that provides mission operations personnel and analysts with a real time telemetry - based live display , playback and post - EDL reconstruction capability that leverages the existing high - fidelity , physics - based simulation framework and modern game engine - derived 3D visualization system developed in the JPL Dynamics and Real Time Simulation ( DARTS ) Lab . Developed as a multi - mission solution , the EDL Telemetry Visualization ( ETV ) system has been used for a variety of projects including NASA 's Mars Science Laboratory ( MSL ) , NASA 'S Low Density Supersonic Decelerator ( LDSD ) and JPL 's MoonRise Lunar sample return proposal .
By performing parametric experiments both in normal gravity and reduced gravity on the KC-135 aircraft , as well as developing and analyzing related modeling , generality of the interpretation of the experimental findings will be pursued along with direct recommendations for fire safety practices and policies for fire safety on spacecraft and in Martian habitats . This is the principal value of the research .
The importance of Fe biogeochemistry has stimulated interest in Fe isotope fractionation . Recent studies using thermal ionization mass spectrometry ( TIMS ) and a " double spike " demonstrate the existence of biogenic Fe isotope effects . Here , we assess the utility of multiple - collector inductively - coupled plasma mass spectrometry(MC - ICP - MS ) with a desolvating sample introduction system for Fe isotope studies , and present data on Fe biominerals produced by a thermophilic bacterium . Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract .
The 2017 Earth Science Decadal Survey recommends the implementation of a novel Earth Observing mission to study Aerosols , Clouds , Convection , and Precipitation . The assessment of the candidate architectures under consideration requires the use of Expert Judgment Elicitation . Some of the assessment scores are obtained through consensus among the Science Leadership Team . A modified Delphi method was developed to accelerate the consensus building process and reduce the number of cycles required to converge . This paper discusses which elements of the traditional method were modified , how the method was applied , and the impact of the modifications on generating consensus .
Investigation of cyclic behavior of temperature and ozone data from five SHADOZ sites between the Equator and 5degS Latitude ( Nairobi , Ascension Island , Natal , San Crystobal , and Watukoset ) reveal an amazing array of oscillations . In particular , eight years of measurements ( 1998 - 2007 ) reveal changes such as decreasing amounts of ozone at some pressure levels and/or sites , while other levels and/or sites experience increasing ozone . Temperature changes of 1 - 2 C occur that also experience irregular oscillations . This study is preliminary and only concentrates on the 250- , 200- , 100- , 70- , and 50 - hPa pressure surfaces . Surfaces existing below and above the tropopause behave differently .
This paper reports on a collaborative project between U.S. Army TARDEC and Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) to develop a unmanned ground vehicle ( UGV ) simulation model using the ROAMS vehicle modeling framework . Besides modeling the physical suspension of the vehicle , the sensing and navigation of the HMMWV vehicle are simulated . Using models of urban and off - road environments , the HMMWV simulation was tested in several ways , including navigation in an urban environment with obstacle avoidance and the performance of a lane change maneuver .
The structural performance of two advanced composite tow - steered shells , manufactured using a fiber placement system , is assessed using both experimental and analytical methods . The fiber orientation angles vary continuously around the shell circumference from 10 degrees on the shell crown and keel , to 45 degrees on the shell sides . The two shells differ in that one shell has the full 24 - tow course applied during each pass of the fiber placement system , while the second shell uses the fiber placement system s tow drop / add capability to achieve a more uniform shell wall thickness . The shells are tested in axial compression , and estimates of their prebuckling axial stiffnesses and bifurcation buckling loads are predicted using linear finite element analyses . These preliminary predictions compare well with the test results , with an average agreement of approximately 10 percent .
CALIPSO 's main mission objective is studying the climate impact of clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere . CALIPSO also collects information about other components of the Earth 's ecosystem , such as oceans and land . This paper introduces the physics concepts and presents preliminary results for the valueadded CALIPSO Earth system science products . These include ocean surface wind speeds , column atmospheric optical depths , ocean subsurface backscatter , land surface elevations , atmospheric temperature profiles , and A - train data fusion products .
The Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences ( SRC PAS ) together with Astronika company have developed an Orbital Deployer called DRAGON for ejection of the Polish scientific nanosatellite BRITE - PL Heweliusz ( Fig . 1 ) . The device has three unique mechanisms including an adopted and scaled lock and release mechanism from the ESA Rosetta mission MUPUS instrument . This paper discusses major design restrictions of the deployer , unique design features , and lessons learned from development through testing .
All organisms require energy . Characterizing and quantifying the biological demand for energy places constraints on the possible interactions of organisms with each other and with the environment . This talk will consider energetic and mass transfer constraints on the ecology of hydrothermal vent microbes . Following a general introduction to the biological energy requirements and their link to environmental conditions , energy constraints will be applied to several vent - relevant case studies .
The MIT 6 - inch magnetic suspension wind tunnel is used in two configurations to measure lift forces of two blunt bodies and produce free - to - pitch oscillations driven by capsule static stability and dynamic instabilities . Lift tests show that static aerodynamic data can be measured on a magnetically levitated model without moment control . Free - to- oscillate results show that magnetic suspension balance system ( MSBS ) can produce capsule dynamics suitable for extracting static and dynamic stability data .
In response to the President 's challenge to reduce civil aviation accidents by a factor of 10 by the year 2022 , NASA has embarked on an ambitious safety program in partnership with other government agencies and industry . The helicopter element of the NASA initiative has been guided by a series of accident analyses aimed at identifying the most frequent causes and consequences and initiating research to prevent or mitigate these factors . This talk will summarize the key findings of three of the accident analyses , the major elements of the safety program , and how helicopter safety research relates to the safety program .