context: It is almost certain that Julius is white. Chances are about even that Gertrude is a sheep. There is almost no chance that Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis: It is almost certain that either Julius is white, or Bernhard is gray.
valid_hypothesis: It is almost certain that either Julius is white, or Bernhard is gray.
invalid_hypothesis: It is improbable that either Julius is white, or Bernhard is gray.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Julius is white, or Bernhard is gray.