context: It is certain that John discarded the milk. We doubt that Greg is white. It is unlikely that Brian is gray.
hypothesis: There is little chance that either Brian is gray, or John discarded the milk.
valid_hypothesis: There is a very good chance that either Brian is gray, or John discarded the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: There is little chance that either Brian is gray, or John discarded the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Either Brian is gray, or John discarded the milk.