context: It is probably the case that Mary left the apple. We doubt that Julius is green. There is a better than even chance that Brian is a frog. Chances are slight that if Brian is a frog, and Mary left the apple, then John went to the kitchen. There is a very good chance that if Mary left the apple, and Julius is green, then Greg is a lion. There is a very good chance that if Brian is a frog, and Mary left the apple, then Bernhard is white.
hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is white, and Julius is green.
valid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that bernhard is white, and Julius is green.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is white, and Julius is green.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is white, and Julius is green.