context: It is unlikely that John discarded the apple. It is improbable that Greg is gray. It is improbable that Lily is yellow. Chances are about even that if Greg is gray, or John discarded the apple, then Gertrude is a sheep. There is a very good chance that if Lily is yellow, or John discarded the apple, then Mary went to the bedroom. Chances are about even that if Greg is gray, and Lily is yellow, then Brian is a frog.
hypothesis: It is improbable that gertrude is a sheep, or Brian is a frog.
valid_hypothesis: It is improbable that gertrude is a sheep, or Brian is a frog.
invalid_hypothesis: We believe that gertrude is a sheep, or Brian is a frog.
hypothesis_assertion: Gertrude is a sheep, or Brian is a frog.