context: We doubt that Julius is a frog. There is little chance that Fred is in the park. There is a very good chance that Mary left the milk. It is impossible that if either Mary left the milk, or Julius is a frog, then Bernhard is a rhino. It is impossible that if Fred is in the park, or Mary left the milk, then Greg is white. There is a better than even chance that if either Mary left the milk, or Julius is a frog, then John picked up the milk.
hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is a rhino, or John picked up the milk.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that bernhard is a rhino, or John picked up the milk.
invalid_hypothesis: It is certain that bernhard is a rhino, or John picked up the milk.
hypothesis_assertion: Bernhard is a rhino, or John picked up the milk.