context: Chances are slight that Greg is gray. It is impossible that John left the milk. Chances are about even that Lily is gray. We doubt that if Greg is gray, and John left the milk, then Gertrude is a cat. It is likely that if either Lily is gray, or Greg is gray, then Julius is a swan. It is almost certain that if either Greg is gray, or John left the milk, then Bernhard is white.
hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that lily is gray, or Gertrude is a cat.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are about even that lily is gray, or Gertrude is a cat.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly unlikely that lily is gray, or Gertrude is a cat.
hypothesis_assertion: Lily is gray, or Gertrude is a cat.