context: Chances are slight that Lily is a lion. There is a very good chance that John left the apple. It is highly likely that Mary discarded the milk. It is impossible that if Lily is a lion, or John left the apple, then Greg is white. We doubt that if Mary discarded the milk, and Lily is a lion, then Brian is a swan. It is highly unlikely that if Lily is a lion, and John left the apple, then Julius is yellow.
hypothesis: It is highly likely that brian is a swan, and Julius is yellow.
valid_hypothesis: It is impossible that brian is a swan, and Julius is yellow.
invalid_hypothesis: It is highly likely that brian is a swan, and Julius is yellow.
hypothesis_assertion: Brian is a swan, and Julius is yellow.