Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Anna does not know whether Marylou is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joshua does not know whether Marylou is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Anna is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentc knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joshua can now know whether Marylou is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Phillip's card is shown to Phillip. John's card is shown to George. Ryan's card is shown to John. George's card is shown to Ryan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: George can now know that Phillip can know that Phillip picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James knows whether James is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Diane can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Linda knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Linda can now know that Suzanne can know that Julio's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Amy's card is shown to Frances. Frances's card is shown to Judith. Amy's card is shown to Judith. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Amy can now know whether Frances picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Steven's card is shown to Virginia. Lisa's card is shown to Virginia. Virginia's card is shown to Steven. Virginia's card is shown to Lisa. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lisa can now know whether Lisa picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Charlotte knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Hazel can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Rachel's card is shown to Samuel. Anthony's card is shown to Anthony. Victor's card is shown to Rachel. Rachel's card is shown to Victor. Victor's card is shown to Victor. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Rachel does not know whether Rachel picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 Agentd:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 Agentd:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Anthony can now know whether Samuel can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lan's card is shown to Raymond. Gary's card is shown to Gary. Gary's card is shown to Lan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Gary does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gary can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jamie's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Chelsey can now know that Elida can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Arnold's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jo does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jo does not know whether Jo's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jo can now know whether Arnold can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Linda is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: George can now know whether Robert can know that Linda is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Michael's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Adrian. Paul's card is shown to Adrian. Michael's card is shown to Paul. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Paul does not know whether Paul picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Adrian knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Gordon can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Lorene. Juan's card is shown to Lorene. Lorene's card is shown to Billy. Juan's card is shown to Billy. Juan's card is shown to Juan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Lorene does not know whether Lorene picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Billy picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Billy can know whether Juan picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jill's card is shown to Alton. Alton's card is shown to Jill. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that Sarah can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Betty is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Freddie knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Betty can now know that Freddie can know whether Robert is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Andrea knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Christopher can now know that Klara can know that Christopher's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Erin's card is shown to Erin. Erin's card is shown to Martin. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Martin can now know whether Whitney picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mark does not know whether Aubrey is thirsty. It is publicly announced that David is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! 1 ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Mark can now know whether Nellie can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mary's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that George can know that Joann's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Steven's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Lisa can now know that Kisha can know that Julia's forehead is muddy.


VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 1)

Hypothesis: William can now know that Marjorie can know that Lourdes's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lucille knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that Raymond can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Natividad can now know that Cathleen can know that Natividad's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Rebecka's card is shown to Megan. Rosemary's card is shown to Megan. Wai's card is shown to Rebecka. Rebecka's card is shown to Rosemary. Megan's card is shown to Wai. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Rebecka does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:4 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:4 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Megan can now know that Rosemary picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Russell knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Russell knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Russell knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Russell knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Russell can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Monica's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Monica knows whether Monica's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Karla can now know that Monica can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Chelsey knows whether Chelsey's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Arthur knows whether Anita's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nicole can now know whether Nicole's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Wayne knows whether Vicki's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wayne can now know that Vicki can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Syble's card is shown to Syble. William's card is shown to Syble. Syble's card is shown to William. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether William picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Syble knows whether William picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Syble knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Syble can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Matthew's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jason knows whether Otto's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Matthew can now know whether Jason can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ruben does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Freddie can now know that Amanda can know whether Freddie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michelle can now know that Mollie can know whether Mollie is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dennis's card is shown to Dennis. Theresa's card is shown to Dennis. Lucille's card is shown to Theresa. Lucille's card is shown to Lucille. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lucille can now know that Dennis can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Frieda's card is shown to Frieda. Rosemarie's card is shown to Kassandra. Frieda's card is shown to Nathaniel. Nathaniel's card is shown to Nathaniel. Frieda's card is shown to Rosemarie. Rosemarie's card is shown to Rosemarie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kassandra does not know whether Nathaniel picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Rosemarie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! 4 ] (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! 4 ] 0

Hypothesis: Kassandra can now know whether Rosemarie picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shirley's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Mikki does not know whether Mikki's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that Shirley can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Gerald's card is shown to Gerald. Emily's card is shown to Emily. Barbara's card is shown to Emily. Emily's card is shown to Barbara. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Barbara can now know that Emily can know that Gerald picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Thomas knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know that Thomas can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mary does not know whether Andrea is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Andrea does not know whether Jonathan is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Andrea can now know whether Mary can know whether Andrea is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Loraine can now know that Patrick can know whether Patrick's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jeremy does not know whether Jeremy's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Terry knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Terry can now know whether Jeremy can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joseph's card is shown to Joseph. John's card is shown to Joseph. John's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know whether John can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Bernard knows whether Bernard is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bernard can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gary knows whether Fredrick's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Fredrick can now know whether Pauline can know whether Gary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mary knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that George's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: George can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Cristal does not know whether Cristal's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cristal can now know whether Mary can know that Cristal's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kate's card is shown to Tanisha. Tanisha's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to Kate. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carolyn does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dora can now know whether Carolyn can know whether Becky's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Elaine's card is shown to Elaine. Janice's card is shown to Elaine. Susana's card is shown to Janice. Katherine's card is shown to Susana. Susana's card is shown to Katherine. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Katherine can now know that Susana can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Amy knows whether Amy's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joseph knows whether Carroll's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ronnie can now know that Joseph's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Penny knows whether Penny's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Penny can now know that Edith can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Heriberto is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Martin can now know whether Lorraine is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mia's card is shown to Nina. Nina's card is shown to Joseph. Mia's card is shown to Joseph. Nina's card is shown to Mia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Joseph does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nina can now know that Joseph can know whether Nina picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Freda is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Irene is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Freda can now know whether Freda is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tamara does not know whether Tamara's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tamara does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tamara can now know that Charles can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joan does not know whether Guy is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Guy does not know whether David is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joan can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ruth's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Henry can now know that Albert can know that Albert's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joseph does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Elaine can now know that Joseph can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ben knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Danny can now know whether Ben can know whether Danny's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Julia does not know whether Gladys is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Julia does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gladys can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Linda can now know whether Keith can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Stephanie does not know whether Rose is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Stephanie can now know whether Robert can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Barbara does not know whether Barbara's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Corey can now know whether Corey's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Helen's card is shown to Sheila. Helen's card is shown to Stuart. Alice's card is shown to Helen. Sheila's card is shown to Alice. Helen's card is shown to Alice. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Stuart does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Stuart can now know that Alice can know whether Sheila picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] (Agentb knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Sheila can now know whether Roxanne's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Laura knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Milton can now know whether Tiffany can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Drew. Drew's card is shown to Mary. Mary's card is shown to Ross. Ross's card is shown to Ross. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Drew can now know that Mary can know that Mary picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Harriet's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Laureen can now know that Frank can know that Harriet's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alice does not know whether Nathan is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alice does not know whether Arthur is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] (Agentd knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alice can now know that Nathan is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Micheal's card is shown to Micheal. Micheal's card is shown to Debbie. Micheal's card is shown to Joshua. Debbie's card is shown to Joshua. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Debbie does not know whether Vernie picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Debbie does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Debbie can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tracey can now know that Harold's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether Jamie is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Elizabeth can now know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Anna's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Rocky can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kevin does not know whether Larry is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kelly does not know whether Larry is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joshua can now know whether Kevin is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Micheal knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eva can now know whether Micheal can know whether Eva is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Michael knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Deborah can know that Deborah is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Antone knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Antone can now know whether Michael is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Edward's card is shown to Gloria. Cynthia's card is shown to Edward. Michael's card is shown to Edward. Gloria's card is shown to Cynthia. Michael's card is shown to Cynthia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Gloria does not know whether Michael picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cynthia can now know that Gloria can know whether Edward picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Terrance's card is shown to Terrance. Terrance's card is shown to Ola. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ola knows whether Terrance picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ola can now know whether Ola picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Claudia's card is shown to Patricia. Claudia's card is shown to Walter. Curtis's card is shown to Walter. Curtis's card is shown to Claudia. Patricia's card is shown to Curtis. Walter's card is shown to Curtis. Claudia's card is shown to Curtis. Curtis's card is shown to Curtis. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Curtis can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Cameron knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Cameron knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentd knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cameron can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ricardo knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Margery can now know that Ricardo can know that Margery's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Annette does not know whether Annette's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Wendy does not know whether Wendy's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wendy can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bradley knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Becky's card is shown to Brian. Brian's card is shown to Brian. Becky's card is shown to Vernon. Brian's card is shown to Vernon. Vernon's card is shown to Vernon. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Brian knows whether or not nobody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Becky knows whether Brian picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Becky can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Hazel's card is shown to Betty. Betty's card is shown to Hazel. Hazel's card is shown to Hazel. Betty's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Betty does not know whether Betty picked a red card. It is publicly announced that everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Betty can now know that Hazel picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rebekah does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kiley knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rebekah does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kathleen can now know that Leona can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dena does not know whether Lena is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Brook does not know whether Dena is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lena does not know whether Philip is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Philip does not know whether Brook is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Philip can now know that Dena is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Luis is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Luis can now know whether Tomas can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alejandro knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alejandro can now know whether Doris can know whether Doris's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Emilio knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know whether Emilio can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marcos knows whether Janet's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marcos can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Daniel's card is shown to Daniel. Jennifer's card is shown to Daniel. Daniel's card is shown to Jennifer. Jennifer's card is shown to Jennifer. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Daniel knows whether Jennifer picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jennifer can now know that Daniel can know that Daniel picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know whether Jordan can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know that Donald can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kenny's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenny can now know whether Kirk can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Tracy's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to Tracy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tracy does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Tracy can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Anthony does not know whether Steve is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Casey knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Casey does not know whether Anthony is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Casey can now know that Steve can know whether Steve is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether Susan's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Susan can now know whether Howard can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Linda's card is shown to Robert. Michael's card is shown to Robert. Linda's card is shown to Linda. Linda's card is shown to Werner. Robert's card is shown to Michael. Werner's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Werner picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Werner knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 Agentd:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 Agentd:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Werner can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Richard's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Leroy can now know that Richard can know that Leroy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Karen's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Karen can now know whether John can know whether Kenneth's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ramon knows whether Elizabeth's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Elizabeth can now know that Ramon's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michael knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Howard can now know whether Howard's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether Matthew is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Matthew knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that Matthew can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tony knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tony does not know whether Tony's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tony can now know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether John can know that John's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emmitt is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emmitt does not know whether Edward is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Emmitt can now know that Edward can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: James can now know that Shannon can know whether James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Raymond's card is shown to Raymond. Raymond's card is shown to Matthew. Robert's card is shown to Matthew. Raymond's card is shown to Brooke. Raymond's card is shown to Robert. Matthew's card is shown to Robert. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Raymond does not know whether Robert picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:1 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:1 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maria knows whether Brice's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Brice knows whether Maria's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brice can now know that Maria can know that Maria's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kevin does not know whether Kevin's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Linda can now know that Cynthia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Douglas's card is shown to Beatrice. Grace's card is shown to Grace. Grace's card is shown to Douglas. Douglas's card is shown to Douglas. Douglas's card is shown to Alan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Beatrice knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Beatrice can now know that Grace picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kimberly knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Phyllis can now know whether Kimberly is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Crystal does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that Crystal's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jessie's card is shown to James. Doris's card is shown to Doris. Doris's card is shown to Jessie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that James picked a red card. It is publicly announced that James knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jessie can now know whether James can know that Jessie picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Stanley's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kathryn knows whether Stanley's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Stanley can now know that Kathryn can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Phillip does not know whether John is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Phillip does not know whether John is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Phillip knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that Phillip is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jennifer knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Justin does not know whether Justin's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jennifer can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Rosa's card is shown to Kevin. Kevin's card is shown to Rosa. Rosa's card is shown to Rosa. Kevin's card is shown to Jeffrey. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kevin does not know whether Kevin picked a red card. It is publicly announced that everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rosa can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Richard's card is shown to Kathy. Kathy's card is shown to Richard. Richard's card is shown to Richard. Frankie's card is shown to Richard. Richard's card is shown to Frankie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Frankie knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Richard picked a black card. It is publicly announced that Richard picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Kathy can now know whether Frankie picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Tanya knows whether Thomas is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know that Tanya can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Luke's card is shown to Michael. Joanne's card is shown to Sandra. Michael's card is shown to Luke. Michael's card is shown to Joanne. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Luke can now know whether Sandra picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Brenda does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (1&2) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (1&2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Myra can now know whether Brenda is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to John. Mary's card is shown to Johnny. John's card is shown to Mary. Karen's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Karen can now know whether Mary picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Royce's card is shown to Katherine. Katherine's card is shown to Royce. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Royce knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Katherine can now know whether Royce can know that Katherine picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to James. Mary's card is shown to Dianna. Mary's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether James picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jason's card is shown to Betty. Mack's card is shown to Betty. Betty's card is shown to Betty. Jason's card is shown to Mark. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Jason can now know whether Mark picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Donna is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Helen can now know whether Donna can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Melody's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Melody can now know that Paula can know that Paula's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Francis knows whether Emmanuel's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Carmen can now know whether Francis can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mike knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mike can now know whether Richard can know whether Richard's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Fred's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Ismael does not know whether Ismael's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ismael can now know whether Fred can know that Ismael's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lawrence's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ray's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Andrea can now know that Zachary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Maria knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Maria can now know that Wesley can know that Wesley is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Eileen is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Mary is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jose's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Roy can now know that Stephanie can know that Roy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). James's card is shown to James. Levi's card is shown to Levi. James's card is shown to Melissa. Levi's card is shown to Melissa. Melissa's card is shown to Melissa. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Levi can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Susan does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Allen can now know that Junior can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Albert's card is shown to Richard. Cathy's card is shown to Richard. Albert's card is shown to Albert. Albert's card is shown to Cathy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Richard picked a black card. It is publicly announced that Albert knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cathy can now know whether Richard picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William knows whether William's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Sue knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Duane knows whether William's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Lucas can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Luann knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gary's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lori knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Luann can now know whether Gary can know that Luann's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). James's card is shown to James. Dwight's card is shown to James. Lela's card is shown to Dwight. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Dwight can know that James picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elijah does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Elijah can now know whether Cherrie can know whether Vivian's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Jamar can now know whether Jamar's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lidia knows whether Lidia's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lidia can now know that James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Charles's card is shown to Eleanor. Eleanor's card is shown to Emily. Charles's card is shown to Emily. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rita can now know that Rita picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Samuel is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Carmen does not know whether Jessica is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jessica can now know that Carmen can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Mary. Tora's card is shown to Tora. Brandie's card is shown to Tora. Tora's card is shown to Brandie. Brandie's card is shown to Brandie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mary does not know whether Tora picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Brandie knows whether Tora picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether Brandie can know whether Mary picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kevin knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sarah's card is shown to Pamela. Pamela's card is shown to Sarah. Sarah's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to William. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Pamela can know that Pamela picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Steve does not know whether Charles is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Steve can now know that Steve is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: James can now know that Joshua can know that James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Harold is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agentb knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Andrew can now know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jeffrey's card is shown to Jason. Melinda's card is shown to Jason. Jarrod's card is shown to Jarrod. Melinda's card is shown to Jarrod. Jarrod's card is shown to Jeffrey. Melinda's card is shown to Jeffrey. Jarrod's card is shown to Melinda. Melinda's card is shown to Melinda. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:2,4 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:2,4 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jarrod can now know that Jeffrey picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Monica does not know whether Alexander is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alexander can now know that Jake can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Willa's card is shown to Willa. Donald's card is shown to Donald. Jennie's card is shown to Jennie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Willa does not know whether Jennie picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Donald does not know whether Jennie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Willa can now know that Donald can know whether Willa picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dorothy's card is shown to Dorothy. Leah's card is shown to Dorothy. Dorothy's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to William. Dorothy's card is shown to Nicholas. Dorothy's card is shown to Leah. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Leah can know that Dorothy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lynne knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lynne knows whether Ingrid's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 2) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lynne can now know that Ingrid can know that Ingrid's forehead is muddy.