Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Miriam's card is shown to Miriam. Marla's card is shown to Miriam. Jose's card is shown to Jose. Jose's card is shown to Marla. Marla's card is shown to Marla. Jose's card is shown to Harry. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Miriam does not know whether Harry picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Marla picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] (Agenta knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Miriam can now know that Harry picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Janice knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know whether Joseph is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Vernon can now know that Tyrone can know that Tyrone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Martha knows whether Martha's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Kimberly can now know that Jesus can know that Mark's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Truman does not know whether Jo is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether Jo is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Jo is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Frances's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Vanessa can now know that Samuel's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Patricia's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Jerrod can now know whether Mary can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Edna knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Natalie can now know whether Natalie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Norbert does not know whether Norbert's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Clifton can now know that Claudia can know whether Claudia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Crystal knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Willie does not know whether Mark is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Willie does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mark can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Rose can now know that Jose's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Latoya does not know whether Dustin is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Latoya does not know whether Angela is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dawn does not know whether Dustin is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Latoya can now know that Dawn is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Shelly's card is shown to Theresa. Shelly's card is shown to Shelly. Alan's card is shown to Shelly. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Theresa does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Theresa can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Meghan knows whether Elizabeth is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Meghan can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Margaret knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Clyde can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Brian does not know whether Joy is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joy can now know that Katherine can know that Joy is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Matthew does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ralph does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Matthew can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marcia knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Marcia can now know whether Theresa can know whether Roy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Susan knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Troy's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Susan can now know that Kevin can know that Troy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Charlene's card is shown to Charlene. Ethel's card is shown to Charlene. Carol's card is shown to Carol. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charlene can now know whether Ethel picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jason does not know whether Margret is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Margret does not know whether Jason is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know whether Lora can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joseph's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know whether Ella's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Larry does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Scott can now know whether Danielle can know that Danielle's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alberto knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charlotte can now know whether Alberto can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dustin does not know whether Katherine is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Marissa knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marissa can now know that Katherine is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nicole knows whether Marilyn's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marilyn can now know whether Nicole can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Timothy knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Timothy knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Angela can now know that Timothy can know that Charles's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bernice can now know that Joseph can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Raymon does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Catrina can now know that Robin can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether James's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sage can now know whether Sage's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Sandra can now know that Frank can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Erin can now know that Kenneth can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Melissa can now know whether Nancy can know whether Maria's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Shannon can now know that Brianna can know that Shannon's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Casey knows whether Addie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Casey knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Glen can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gail does not know whether Gail's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gail can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Louise does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Louise does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Louise can now know whether Leonard can know whether Louise's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Shannon's card is shown to Shannon. Paul's card is shown to Shannon. Rickie's card is shown to Shannon. Shannon's card is shown to Paul. Rickie's card is shown to Paul. Rickie's card is shown to Rickie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rickie can now know that Rickie picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles knows whether Brenda's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Wilbur can know whether Brenda's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Peter does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tracie knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tracie can now know whether James can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Edward knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Erika does not know whether William is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Frank's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Frank's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Henry knows whether Frank's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Henry can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joyce does not know whether Donald is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donald can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jacqueline does not know whether Tammie is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Tammie knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tammie can now know that Edward can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Angela can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Debra's card is shown to Paul. Wanda's card is shown to Paul. Jonathan's card is shown to Paul. Paul's card is shown to Wanda. Wanda's card is shown to Wanda. Wanda's card is shown to Jonathan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wanda can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elena does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elena does not know whether William is thirsty. It is publicly announced that William knows whether Elena is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elena can now know whether William can know whether William is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Brenda's card is shown to Roosevelt. Brenda's card is shown to Mark. Roosevelt's card is shown to Brenda. Mark's card is shown to Brenda. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Brenda does not know whether Brenda picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Roosevelt knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Roosevelt can now know whether Mark picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mary knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dorothy's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dorothy can now know whether Domingo can know that Mary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Peter's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Donna can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Amber does not know whether Maryann is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Amber does not know whether Betty is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Betty is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] 0

Hypothesis: Amber can now know that Manuel can know that Manuel is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Brandy's card is shown to Brandy. William's card is shown to Brandy. William's card is shown to William. Thomas's card is shown to William. Brandy's card is shown to Thomas. William's card is shown to Thomas. Thomas's card is shown to Thomas. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brandy can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Winnie knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Winnie knows whether Ferdinand's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that Ferdinand can know that Ferdinand's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether James's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marian does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marian can now know whether Mary can know that James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joy's card is shown to Anita. Donna's card is shown to Joy. Anita's card is shown to Donna. Joy's card is shown to Donna. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Anita can now know whether Donna can know whether Joy picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Anthony's card is shown to Anthony. Anthony's card is shown to Marjorie. Marjorie's card is shown to Marjorie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Anthony knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Anthony does not know whether Marjorie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marjorie can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lai can now know whether Nellie can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Arturo knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agenta knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Garrett can now know whether Arturo's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eric can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to Corey. Corey's card is shown to Mercedes. John's card is shown to Mercedes. Emil's card is shown to Mercedes. Corey's card is shown to Emil. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether John picked a red card. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether Mercedes picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Corey knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that Mercedes can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Daniel can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). William's card is shown to Mary. William's card is shown to William. Wanda's card is shown to William. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Mary can know that William picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Laura knows whether Amber's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Alisha can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Margaret's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Tracy can now know whether Margaret can know whether Tracy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Thomas does not know whether Carl is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know that Thomas is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Edward knows whether Phyllis's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Phyllis can now know whether Edward can know that Edward's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Donald does not know whether Donald's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eliseo can now know that Kimberly can know whether Eliseo's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carol knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carol knows whether Marguerite's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marguerite can now know that Carol can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Monique knows whether Rebecca's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rebecca knows whether Monique's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Monique can now know that Rebecca can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Daisy does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carl knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Austin can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rita knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rita can now know whether Rita's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lillie knows whether Lillie's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ellen can now know that Johnny can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Salvatore's card is shown to Bess. Jimmy's card is shown to Jimmy. Matthew's card is shown to Jimmy. Salvatore's card is shown to Jimmy. Jimmy's card is shown to Matthew. Matthew's card is shown to Salvatore. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Salvatore does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,3,4 Agentc:2 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,3,4 Agentc:2 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jimmy can now know that Bess picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Terri does not know whether Terri's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shirley knows whether Terri's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Scott knows whether Scott's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Shirley can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Darrell knows whether Ann's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know that Laura's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kendall's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Tommy can now know whether Kendall's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tarsha knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Dorothy can now know that Donna can know that Marie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sharon's card is shown to Sally. Sally's card is shown to Sharon. Sharon's card is shown to Sharon. Sally's card is shown to Kendall. Sharon's card is shown to Kendall. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wayne can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Shannon can now know whether Natalie can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Pauline is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Byron can now know whether Michael can know that Michael is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Karla does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Karla can now know that Bonnie can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Steven's card is shown to Jarvis. Jarvis's card is shown to Paul. Paul's card is shown to Steven. Mark's card is shown to Steven. Steven's card is shown to Mark. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Paul knows whether Jarvis picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentd knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mark can now know that Paul picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marisa's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marisa's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Clarence's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Clarence can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Wanda's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Beverley can now know that Gary can know that Gary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Cody's card is shown to Lindsay. Mary's card is shown to Marie. Marie's card is shown to Cody. Cody's card is shown to Cody. Lindsay's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Lindsay does not know whether Mary picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Marie picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] (Agentd knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Marie picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Erik knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Erik can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Raymond can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Maurice's card is shown to Mary. Patrick's card is shown to Patrick. Daniel's card is shown to Patrick. Maurice's card is shown to Daniel. Patrick's card is shown to Maurice. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Anthony knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kristy can now know that Anthony can know whether Kristy is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). James's card is shown to James. Iris's card is shown to James. Iris's card is shown to Rita. Darlene's card is shown to Iris. Iris's card is shown to Iris. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Darlene can now know that Rita can know that Darlene picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Candace knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Candace can now know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dana does not know whether Laura is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dana knows whether Robert is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agentd knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Jeanette can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Catalina knows whether Catalina is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Terri can now know that Catalina can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Doris's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether James's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Doris can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eva knows whether Patricia's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Patricia does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joan can now know whether Rhonda can know that Rhonda is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dorothy's card is shown to Dorothy. Earl's card is shown to Dorothy. Dorothy's card is shown to Earl. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Earl does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Earl can now know that Dorothy can know that Dorothy picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ethel knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ethel can now know that Clara can know that Ethel is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether Michael's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lenora can now know whether Michael can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Leo's card is shown to Leo. William's card is shown to Leo. Frank's card is shown to William. Frank's card is shown to Frank. Frank's card is shown to Robert. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Frank picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Leo picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

Hypothesis: William can now know that Robert picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Phyllis's card is shown to Phyllis. James's card is shown to Phyllis. Phyllis's card is shown to Kevin. Kevin's card is shown to Kevin. James's card is shown to James. Phyllis's card is shown to Bertha. Kevin's card is shown to Bertha. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Phyllis does not know whether Bertha picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Phyllis can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Candace's card is shown to Candace. Jessie's card is shown to Candace. Candace's card is shown to Jessie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jessie can now know whether Candace can know that Carol picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know whether Frank is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ethel's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

Hypothesis: James can now know that David's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Howard's card is shown to Maria. Wilhelmina's card is shown to Wilhelmina. Maria's card is shown to Christina. Howard's card is shown to Howard. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Christina can now know whether Howard picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to Ted. Ted's card is shown to Ted. Henry's card is shown to Ted. Ted's card is shown to Henry. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Michael's card is shown to Gertrude. Jesus's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Michael. Jesus's card is shown to Cindy. Gertrude's card is shown to Cindy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Gertrude knows whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jesus picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Stella's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Stella can now know whether Gary can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ursula's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Darlene can know whether Darlene's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Riley does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Riley can now know whether Luz can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Stephanie does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentd knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Stephanie can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lynn knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lynn's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mark can now know that Jayson can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

Hypothesis: James can now know that Clifford is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentc knows whether (Agentd knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Kristen can know whether Justin's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Darcy's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2))

Hypothesis: Darcy can now know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jose does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Jerry can now know whether Jose can know that Jonathan's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Daniel knows whether Maria's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Maria can now know that Daniel can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Beverly is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Beverly does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Beverly does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Barry does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brian can now know that Brian is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Cindy can now know that Penny's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Benjamin's card is shown to John. Jennifer's card is shown to John. Jennifer's card is shown to Benjamin. John's card is shown to Jennifer. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that John picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jennifer does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jennifer does not know whether Benjamin picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Benjamin can now know that John can know that Jennifer picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles does not know whether Charles's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carla knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that Carla's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Nancy does not know whether Sanjuanita is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dorothy is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Sanjuanita knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dorothy can now know that Nancy can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jerrell knows whether Jerrell's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lottie knows whether Jerrell's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jerrell can now know that Lottie can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Raymond is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alana can now know whether Raymond can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nicholas does not know whether Nicholas's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Nicholas can now know that Robert's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Regina does not know whether Robert is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Regina is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Regina can know that Melissa is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Harold's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Josephine knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Josephine can now know that Jennifer can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). James's card is shown to Fernando. Anthony's card is shown to James. Wanda's card is shown to James. Fernando's card is shown to Anthony. James's card is shown to Anthony. James's card is shown to Wanda. Anthony's card is shown to Wanda. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Anthony can now know that Fernando can know that Wanda picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether David's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Edgar can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Kelly can now know whether Melisa can know that Melisa is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Linda knows whether Samuel is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Linda knows whether Samuel is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Linda can now know whether Linda is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Denise's card is shown to Allen. Debra's card is shown to Allen. Allen's card is shown to Denise. Denise's card is shown to Denise. Allen's card is shown to Debra. Denise's card is shown to Debra. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Allen picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Allen can now know that Trudy can know that Trudy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Clifford can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Marshall knows whether Marshall is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marshall can now know that Donald can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jo's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that David knows whether David's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know that Jo's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Kevin can know whether Kevin is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Natalie's card is shown to Jeffery. Natalie's card is shown to Staci. Staci's card is shown to Natalie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jeffery does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Staci does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Staci can now know that Natalie can know that Jeffery picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Anabel knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Jean can now know whether Betty can know whether Anabel's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Robert can now know whether Heather can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Darrell does not know whether Robbie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Darrell can now know whether Robbie can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Anthony knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Katherine can now know that Katherine's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that Patrick can know that Elizabeth's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Richard knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wesley can now know that Richard can know that Wesley is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Arthur knows whether Iris's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Iris can now know that Mary can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Martha knows whether Donna's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Brian can now know that Arturo can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Randall knows whether Randall's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nick can now know whether Randall can know that Brittney's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether Charles is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Deborah does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Deborah can now know that John can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Stephanie can now know that Kenneth can know whether Kenneth's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marshall does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Christopher knows whether Christopher's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marshall knows whether Christopher's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marshall can now know that Christopher can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles does not know whether Charles's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Benjamin can now know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Roy's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Roy can now know whether Charles can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gilda's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Jessica can now know that Marion's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Aaron does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that George is thirsty. It is publicly announced that George is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! 3 ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Carol can now know whether Wanda can know that Carol is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Vickie is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Margaret knows whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Vickie knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Margaret can now know whether Kim can know whether Andrew is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elias knows whether Kellee's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Glen can now know whether Elias can know whether Elias's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Rebecca's card is shown to Barry. Rebecca's card is shown to Bryce. Bryce's card is shown to Rebecca. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bryce can now know whether Rebecca picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joan knows whether Paula's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Paula knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know whether Joan can know that Joan's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kathryn does not know whether Paul is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kathryn does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kathryn is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Cherry can now know that Paul can know that Cherry is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Randal does not know whether David is thirsty. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether Robert is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Randal does not know whether David is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Randal does not know whether George is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Randal can now know that David can know whether Robert is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Julia does not know whether Julia's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Julia can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Desmond can now know that James can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Pamela does not know whether Timothy is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Walter can now know whether Walter is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Stephan's card is shown to Stephan. Owen's card is shown to Stephan. Alan's card is shown to Owen. Owen's card is shown to Alan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Stephan can now know that nobody picked a red card.