Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kathryn knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Richard's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kathryn can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Celia's card is shown to Celia. Celia's card is shown to Herbert. Luann's card is shown to Herbert. Herbert's card is shown to Luann. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Herbert does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Celia can now know whether Herbert picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Velma's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Velma can now know that Richard can know whether Velma's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Richard does not know whether Philip is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Richard does not know whether Anthony is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Juan can now know that Juan is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jim's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Concetta can now know that Robert can know that Richard's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Melanie knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Christopher knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Aurelia knows whether Aurelia is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Christopher does not know whether Melanie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Aurelia can now know that Melanie is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jeffrey knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tanya's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Jeffrey can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Margarito knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Margarito can now know that Deborah can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Martin's card is shown to Martin. Martin's card is shown to Charles. Frankie's card is shown to Charles. Charles's card is shown to Charles. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Martin picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Frankie can now know that Frankie picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Rick does not know whether Miguel is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Gregory does not know whether Miguel is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Christine can now know that Gregory can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kathleen knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Heather can now know that Heather's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lydia's card is shown to Lydia. Lydia's card is shown to Gloria. Gloria's card is shown to Gloria. Lydia's card is shown to Lamar. Gloria's card is shown to Lamar. Lamar's card is shown to Carol. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lydia can now know that Lamar picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jeffery is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Frederick does not know whether Anthony is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Frederick does not know whether James is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jeffery can now know whether Frederick can know whether Frederick is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Karen's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Karen can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Victor's card is shown to Victor. Jeremy's card is shown to Victor. Abigail's card is shown to Victor. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Victor can now know that Jeremy picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). David's card is shown to David. David's card is shown to Ruth. Ruth's card is shown to Ruth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ruth knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ruth can now know that David can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Keith does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that Keith can know whether David's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Jack can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nicholas knows whether Frank's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Frank can now know that Nicholas's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Patricia does not know whether Patricia's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know that William can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jere knows whether Michael's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jere knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Patrick does not know whether Patrick's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patrick can now know whether Jere can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joseph does not know whether Ray is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joseph does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know whether Ray can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Susan can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Rose can now know that Karen can know that Isabelle's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Richard does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nancy can now know that Erasmo is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Fiona's card is shown to Joyce. Marcus's card is shown to Joyce. Chester's card is shown to Fiona. Marcus's card is shown to Marcus. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Chester can now know whether Joyce can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maureen does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joseph's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 4 ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Maureen can now know that Joseph can know whether Maureen's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Samuel's card is shown to Samuel. Vanesa's card is shown to Inez. Inez's card is shown to Inez. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Vanesa can now know whether Samuel can know that Inez picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mary's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Judith can now know whether Mary can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Deborah does not know whether Josephine is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Benjamin can now know that Deborah can know whether Josephine is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Willie's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Willie can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Amy's card is shown to Amy. Charles's card is shown to Amy. Charles's card is shown to Charles. Amy's card is shown to Peter. Charles's card is shown to Peter. Peter's card is shown to Peter. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Peter can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lavette's card is shown to Lavette. Lavette's card is shown to William. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that William knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether William picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lavette can now know that William can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Harry knows whether Harry is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Harry does not know whether Jessica is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nicholas can now know that Harry can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). David's card is shown to Kevin. Antonio's card is shown to Kevin. David's card is shown to Antonio. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Monroe knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Keri does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Darin can now know that Keri can know that Keri is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Raul can now know that Maureen can know that Raul's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Tyrone's card is shown to Tyrone. Tyrone's card is shown to Ada. Ada's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tyrone can now know that Michael picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Keith does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Maribel can now know whether James can know whether Robert's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Howard can now know whether Danny can know that Mildred is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Anita is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Diane knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Anita can now know that Diane can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: David can now know whether Timothy can know whether David's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Duane knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Thomas does not know whether Duane is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Malissa can now know whether Malissa is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ida knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ida knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jeffery's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Ida can now know whether Patricia can know that Jeffery's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether Donald is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether Donald is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donald can now know that William can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Donna knows whether Jose's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Melissa knows whether Jessica's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donna can now know whether Melissa's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Mark can now know that Johnetta can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Brain does not know whether Magdalena is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Magdalena can now know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marietta knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Richard can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ricardo's card is shown to Walter. Walter's card is shown to Ricardo. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ricardo does not know whether Ricardo picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ricardo does not know whether Ricardo picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ricardo can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Violette does not know whether Jennifer is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Violette knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Violette can now know that Walter can know that Jennifer is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Holly does not know whether Holly's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Travis can now know that Holly can know that Holly's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Romona knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Romona can now know whether Timothy can know that Kathleen's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Maria does not know whether Christopher is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Maria can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ronnie does not know whether Ronnie's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that Willie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Christina does not know whether Elaine is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Christina does not know whether Andrea is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elaine can now know that Christina can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Alexander's card is shown to Sam. Scott's card is shown to Scott. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Alexander does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sam can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Julie can now know whether Rolando's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lena does not know whether Lena's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Aaron does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Aaron can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Steven's card is shown to Steven. Steven's card is shown to Barbara. Steven's card is shown to Earl. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Julie picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentc knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Barbara can now know that Earl picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tammy does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Curtis can now know that Tammy can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Suzanne knows whether Suzanne's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ronni knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michelle can now know that Ronni can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nichole knows whether Ahmad's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Ahmad can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Barbara's card is shown to Kathy. Michael's card is shown to Michael. Barbara's card is shown to Barbara. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kathy does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Randy can now know whether Kevin can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Shirley's card is shown to Shirley. April's card is shown to Shirley. Emmitt's card is shown to April. Emmitt's card is shown to Missy. Shirley's card is shown to Missy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that April does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that April does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Shirley knows whether Shirley picked a red card. It is publicly announced that April does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Emmitt can now know whether April picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Monica's card is shown to Bertha. Kimberly's card is shown to Bertha. Bertha's card is shown to Kimberly. Bertha's card is shown to Elizabeth. Monica's card is shown to Elizabeth. Kimberly's card is shown to Elizabeth. Elizabeth's card is shown to Elizabeth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Bertha does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Monica can now know whether Monica picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that George knows whether Eva's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gary can now know whether George can know that George's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jesse knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jesse can now know that Thomas can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jerry knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Christine can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jason's card is shown to Jason. Jason's card is shown to Renee. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jason does not know whether Renee picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jason does not know whether Renee picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Renee can now know whether Jason can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Beatrice's card is shown to James. James's card is shown to Beatrice. Beatrice's card is shown to Beatrice. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that James picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Stefan does not know whether Stefan picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that James picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether John's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Janet's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! 4 ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! 4 ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Janet can know whether Wm's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Stephanie knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Francine's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(3) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Samuel can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Angelina's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Jason can now know that Eleanor's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Wayne knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Kerri can now know that Joe can know whether Joe's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Erlene's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Erlene can now know that Edna's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Luz's card is shown to Luz. Edward's card is shown to Edward. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Luz can now know that Edward can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rosalee's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agentc knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Rosalee can now know whether Vincent's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Pamela knows whether Stephen's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Stephen can now know whether Stephen's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Cathy does not know whether Nancy is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Larry can now know that Cathy can know that Anthony is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Steven knows whether Raymond is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Debra can now know that Raymond can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Laura does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Laura does not know whether Laura's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nicole knows whether Nicole's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Justin can now know that Nicole can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Arthur does not know whether Dorothea is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Nicholas can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Paige does not know whether Jesus is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jesus can now know that Jesus is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Larry knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Johnny does not know whether Larry is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Johnny can now know that Larry can know that Elton is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Matthew's card is shown to William. Patricia's card is shown to William. Patricia's card is shown to Charles. Matthew's card is shown to Matthew. Charles's card is shown to Patricia. Patricia's card is shown to Patricia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Matthew knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that William picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Charles does not know whether Matthew picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Charles can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Maria can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lucille does not know whether Gary is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lucille can now know whether Gary can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Carol can now know whether John can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jason is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Rodney can now know that Jason is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kaitlyn's card is shown to Kaitlyn. Amy's card is shown to Kaitlyn. Daniel's card is shown to Amy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Daniel picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kellie does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Amy picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kaitlyn does not know whether Kellie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kellie can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nicholas knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nicholas knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joe does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joe can now know whether Elisa is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Willie can now know that Brenda can know that Willie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Genevieve knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tony's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Cheri does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Cheri's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Cheri can now know that Tony's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gary knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ramona can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Jason can now know that Michael can know that Timothy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Charissa's card is shown to Charissa. Marissa's card is shown to Charissa. Charissa's card is shown to Marissa. Charissa's card is shown to Mildred. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mildred can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that April's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Robbie can now know whether Terry can know that Pamela's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Carolyn's card is shown to Jessica. Carolyn's card is shown to Daniel. Carolyn's card is shown to Harry. Daniel's card is shown to Harry. Harry's card is shown to Harry. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Carolyn does not know whether Jessica picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jessica does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Carolyn does not know whether Jessica picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jessica can now know whether Daniel can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Michael's card is shown to Eric. Shawnta's card is shown to Michael. Eric's card is shown to Beulah. Shawnta's card is shown to Beulah. Michael's card is shown to Shawnta. Shawnta's card is shown to Shawnta. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Shawnta picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Eric does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Shawnta can now know whether Eric can know whether Eric picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Judith does not know whether Laura is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Laura does not know whether George is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Judith can now know that Laura is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alida's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Alida can now know that Melissa can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mildred's card is shown to Gary. Mildred's card is shown to Mildred. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Gary knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Gary does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Gary picked a black card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mildred can now know whether Mildred picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Johnny's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Johnny's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Robert can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). James's card is shown to Philip. James's card is shown to James. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

Hypothesis: Philip can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Rona does not know whether Patricia is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Patricia does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rona can now know whether Patricia can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dewey's card is shown to Dewey. Ruth's card is shown to Dewey. Ruth's card is shown to Ruth. Verna's card is shown to Ella. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ruth can now know that Verna can know whether Dewey picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that George is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jerry can now know that George can know whether Jerry is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Brenda knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elsa can now know whether Brenda can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Victoria knows whether Bryan's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Bryan can now know whether Edie can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that George is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Lloyd can now know that George can know that George is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jackie does not know whether Jackie's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know whether Elizabeth can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Leticia does not know whether Leticia's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Leticia does not know whether Leticia's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jennifer can now know that Leticia can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Gary does not know whether Jessie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jessie can now know that Melvin can know that Jessie is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elsie knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenneth can now know that Elsie can know that Kenneth's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Irene knows whether Angelina is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Angelina can now know whether Irene can know that Irene is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Landon is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Russell can now know that Landon can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carol knows whether Pauline's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Carol can now know that Pauline can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Nathan's card is shown to Nathan. Benjamin's card is shown to Nathan. Betty's card is shown to Betty. Benjamin's card is shown to Betty. Nathan's card is shown to Benjamin. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nathan can now know whether Benjamin can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gladys knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Mildred can now know that Tom can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: John can now know that John's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alonzo does not know whether Ronald is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ronald does not know whether Anne is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alonzo can now know that Anne can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Betty is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Betty is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Barbara can now know whether Betty can know whether Robert is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Betty knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Mark can now know that Betty can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Michael knows whether Michael is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Paul does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Luis does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Pat does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Luis can now know whether Paul can know whether Paul is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ila's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agentc knows that 1)

Hypothesis: David can now know that James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maribeth does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Maribeth can now know that Gloria can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Frances does not know whether Frances's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Frances's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Jesse can now know whether George can know that George's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Thelma's card is shown to Thelma. John's card is shown to Thelma. Kenneth's card is shown to Kenneth. Thelma's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kenneth does not know whether Thelma picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Thelma can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Brett is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brett can now know whether Daniel can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joseph's card is shown to Orville. John's card is shown to Joseph. Joseph's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Michael. Joseph's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Orville can now know that John picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Karen's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Johnathan can now know that Juan can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Troy's card is shown to Troy. Wanda's card is shown to Wanda. Troy's card is shown to Eldridge. Troy's card is shown to Mei. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Troy can now know whether Wanda can know that Eldridge picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Philip's card is shown to Ilona. Ilona's card is shown to Yvonne. Yvonne's card is shown to James. Philip's card is shown to James. James's card is shown to Philip. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Philip can now know whether Yvonne can know that James picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Teresa's card is shown to Diana. Diana's card is shown to Teresa. Teresa's card is shown to Teresa. Diana's card is shown to Richard. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Diana knows whether Teresa picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Richard can now know that Diana can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ashton does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ashton can now know that Guy can know that Guy is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Debbie knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: George can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Yvonne's card is shown to Lawrence. Connie's card is shown to Connie. Franklin's card is shown to Yvonne. Lawrence's card is shown to Yvonne. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Connie can now know whether Lawrence can know that Yvonne picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Nancy's card is shown to Nancy. Augusta's card is shown to Nancy. Nancy's card is shown to Kelly. Nancy's card is shown to Augusta. Kelly's card is shown to Augusta. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Nancy does not know whether Kelly picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kelly knows whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Augusta knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kelly can now know that Augusta can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Henry can now know that Chad can know whether Christopher's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Julie does not know whether Keiko is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Keiko does not know whether Tracey is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Erica knows whether Erica is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Julie can now know whether Tracey is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jeffrey's card is shown to Carole. James's card is shown to Carole. James's card is shown to Jeffrey. Carole's card is shown to James. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Steve can now know whether Tawnya is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). William's card is shown to Emily. Edith's card is shown to Edith. Emily's card is shown to Tina. William's card is shown to Tina. Emily's card is shown to William. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Edith can now know that Emily picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Walter does not know whether Carolyn is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Walter can now know whether Walter is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether John is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cynthia can now know that John can know whether John is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether Frances is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Monica does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Richard does not know whether Mary is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mary knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Richard can now know whether Richard is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Manuel's card is shown to Richard. Richard's card is shown to Amy. Manuel's card is shown to Marie. Amy's card is shown to Marie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Richard can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Betty does not know whether Betty's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Betty does not know whether Betty's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Betty knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Edmund can now know that Betty can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Darrell's card is shown to Darrell. Emily's card is shown to Darrell. Matthew's card is shown to Darrell. Matthew's card is shown to Deanna. Darrell's card is shown to Emily. Darrell's card is shown to Matthew. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Deanna does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Emily can now know that Deanna can know that Deanna picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tracy knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tracy can now know that Robert can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kara's card is shown to Kara. Leslie's card is shown to Kara. Anna's card is shown to Anna. Leslie's card is shown to Daniel. Kara's card is shown to Leslie. Anna's card is shown to Leslie. Leslie's card is shown to Leslie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Anna can now know that Kara can know whether Leslie picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Marc does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mona knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: April can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Wilson's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Wilson can now know that Selma can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Cedric knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Dorothea can now know that Cedric can know that Cedric's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Robert's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alice knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Kelly can now know that Alice can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Richard's card is shown to Linda. Dollie's card is shown to Linda. Miriam's card is shown to Richard. Dollie's card is shown to Richard. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Linda can now know that Miriam picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Kyla can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ann knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Ann can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Oscar's card is shown to Oscar. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Leon knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leon can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether Melissa's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Melissa can now know that Melissa's forehead is muddy.