Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tommy knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tommy knows whether Fred's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tommy knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Fred can now know that Tommy can know that Tommy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Louis's card is shown to Louis. Terrance's card is shown to Terrance. Melissa's card is shown to Terrance. Rose's card is shown to Rose. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rose can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Gregory can now know that Odell can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (1&2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (1&2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tyler can now know that Elizabeth can know that Elizabeth's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Derek's card is shown to Pam. Eileen's card is shown to Eileen. Derek's card is shown to Derek. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eileen can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Barry's card is shown to Barry. Darren's card is shown to Darren. Darren's card is shown to Sherri. Sherri's card is shown to Sherri. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Barry does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Barry can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rene knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ryan can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Travis does not know whether Travis's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Edna knows whether Edna's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Edna can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shirley does not know whether Shirley's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shirley's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] 0

Hypothesis: Shirley can now know whether Michele can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Judith does not know whether Annie is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Annie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: George can now know whether Annie is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether Jimmy is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Travis does not know whether Jimmy is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Travis can now know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Maria's card is shown to Sandy. Travis's card is shown to Travis. Travis's card is shown to Jake. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Travis does not know whether Maria picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Travis does not know whether Maria picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sandy can now know whether Sandy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mae's card is shown to Cora. Maritza's card is shown to Denise. Cora's card is shown to Maritza. Denise's card is shown to Maritza. Maritza's card is shown to Maritza. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cora can now know whether Mae can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Julia can now know that Cecile can know whether Cecile's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ana's card is shown to Mildred. Luke's card is shown to Paula. Paula's card is shown to Paula. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mildred can now know that Luke can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to Robert. Brenda's card is shown to Brenda. Robert's card is shown to Catherine. Robert's card is shown to Margaret. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Margaret can know whether Catherine picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Adell does not know whether Adell's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wayne can now know that Adell can know whether Adell's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Arthur does not know whether Jayne is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Frankie can now know whether Arthur is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alison knows whether Alison's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alison's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Alison can now know whether Sidney can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Clay knows whether Roger's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Roger can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Krista knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Jack can now know that Krista can know that Stacy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mae does not know whether Mae's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Teresa can now know whether Mae can know that Teresa's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dawn's card is shown to Margaret. Sally's card is shown to Teddy. Teddy's card is shown to Dawn. Dawn's card is shown to Dawn. Sally's card is shown to Dawn. Teddy's card is shown to Sally. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3,4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3,4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sally can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jessie's card is shown to Kathleen. Alma's card is shown to Kathleen. Alma's card is shown to Jessie. Jessie's card is shown to Alma. Alma's card is shown to Alma. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kathleen knows whether Jessie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kathleen can now know that Kathleen picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Dana can now know that James can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Fernando knows whether Lori's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kristine does not know whether Kristine's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Sam knows whether Lori's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sam can now know whether Lori can know whether Kristine's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Steven does not know whether Ronald is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agentd knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elenora can now know that Debra is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Shelia does not know whether Amy is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emil does not know whether Amy is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emil is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Shelia is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(3) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Emil can now know whether Shelia is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mark's card is shown to Viola. Hyman's card is shown to Viola. Viola's card is shown to Mark. Mark's card is shown to Mark. Mark's card is shown to Hyman. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mark can now know whether Hyman can know that Mark picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Maria's card is shown to Kenneth. Kenneth's card is shown to Maria. Maria's card is shown to Maria. Robert's card is shown to Maria. Robert's card is shown to Robert. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenneth can now know that Maria can know that Maria picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Leslie does not know whether Leslie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Leslie knows whether Linda's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Linda knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leslie can now know that Leslie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Kevin can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Norma is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Matthew is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] [ ! 1 ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Joseph can know that Matthew is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Angel knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Angel does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know that Stephanie can know that James is thirsty.


VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Ray can now know that Suzie can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Donald can now know that Joann can know whether Anthony's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ruth's card is shown to Jesus. Linda's card is shown to Ruth. Ruth's card is shown to Linda. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Linda can now know whether Ruth can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Andy knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Andy can now know that George is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Leonard knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leonard can now know whether William can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eric does not know whether Eric's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eric can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Pat does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Pat can now know that Sarah can know whether Sarah is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jose does not know whether Danielle is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jose does not know whether Charles is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] (Agentd knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jose can now know that Deborah is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Catalina's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agentc knows that (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Edwin can now know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Roland knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Roland can now know whether Jonathan can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Curtis does not know whether Curtis's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Deborah can now know that Thomas's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dana does not know whether Dana's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dana can now know whether Jodie can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dean knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dean can now know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Carolyn's card is shown to Alex. Aurelia's card is shown to Alex. Carolyn's card is shown to Lois. Lois's card is shown to Lois. Carolyn's card is shown to Aurelia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lois can now know that Carolyn can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ramon knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ramon can now know that James is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Rafael's card is shown to Rafael. Gertrude's card is shown to Gertrude. Rafael's card is shown to Clarence. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Clarence does not know whether Clarence picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gertrude can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Thomas knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Thomas does not know whether Thomas's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know that Dorothy can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Richard can now know that Roderick can know whether Richard's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that Antoinette can know whether Kevin's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Roseann knows whether Roseann's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Warren knows whether Roseann's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jorge can now know whether Ashley can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Thomas knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agentd knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Malcolm can now know that Gregory's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Gregory can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Robert's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Larae can now know whether Larae's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ruth does not know whether Ruth's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ruth knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ruth can now know whether Junior can know whether Ruth's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether Louis is thirsty. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether Louis is thirsty. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether Louis is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jennifer's card is shown to Hazel. Hazel's card is shown to Leon. Hazel's card is shown to Sheila. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Hazel can now know whether Hazel picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Raymond's card is shown to Raymond. Robert's card is shown to Raymond. Raymond's card is shown to Robert. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Robert picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! 2 ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Raymond can now know that Robert can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Madge's card is shown to Madge. Erik's card is shown to Madge. Madge's card is shown to Barbara. Barbara's card is shown to Barbara. David's card is shown to Barbara. Erik's card is shown to Barbara. Madge's card is shown to David. Barbara's card is shown to Erik. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Madge can now know that David can know that David picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Helen knows whether Helen's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether Helen's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Jesse can now know that Robert can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Lee can now know that Sam's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Eda's card is shown to Eda. Joseph's card is shown to Eda. Jean's card is shown to Eda. Joseph's card is shown to Joseph. Jean's card is shown to Jean. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Joseph does not know whether Eda picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jean can now know whether Jean picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Belle does not know whether James is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Paul can now know whether James can know whether Paul is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kenneth is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that Leroy can know that Michael is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Phillip's card is shown to Ryan. Ryan's card is shown to Marla. Ryan's card is shown to Elizabeth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marla can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gary knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gary knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Margaret can now know whether Gary can know that Terry's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jerri's card is shown to Linda. Linda's card is shown to Jerri. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Linda knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Linda can now know that Jerri can know that Jerri picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Bruce does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Leon knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Tomas does not know whether Leon is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leon can now know that Leon is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that George does not know whether Charles is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Margaret can now know that Felix can know whether George is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). David's card is shown to David. Dianne's card is shown to David. Dianne's card is shown to Dianne. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that David knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Fred's card is shown to Barbara. Fred's card is shown to Fred. Fred's card is shown to Adam. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Fred can now know whether Barbara can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether John's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shannon's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! 1 ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Shannon can know whether John's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Christine's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Henry can now know that Christine's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bradley knows whether James's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bradley can now know whether James can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth does not know whether Yen is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lacey does not know whether Yen is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Yen does not know whether Elizabeth is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Lacey can now know whether Elizabeth is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Charles is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Armando can now know that Armando is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Nichole is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Nichole can now know that Shirley can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Timothy knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Timothy can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Tony's card is shown to Sheila. Alexander's card is shown to Scott. Tony's card is shown to Scott. Tony's card is shown to Tony. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Scott does not know whether Sheila picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Alexander does not know whether Sheila picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sheila can now know that Tony picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles does not know whether Charles's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eddie does not know whether Eddie's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Charles can know whether William's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Isaac can now know that Keith can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Mary. Mary's card is shown to Ruby. Ruby's card is shown to Ruby. Ruby's card is shown to Esther. Esther's card is shown to Esther. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Ruby picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Maria's card is shown to Cora. Kimberly's card is shown to Maria. Cora's card is shown to John. Kimberly's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kimberly can now know that Cora can know whether Kimberly picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Quinton's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Joann can now know that Quinton can know that Joann's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Brent knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Brent's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rose's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Paul can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Crystal knows whether Margaret's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Margaret can now know whether Crystal can know whether Don's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joseph's card is shown to Joseph. Edward's card is shown to Joseph. Alta's card is shown to Joseph. Joseph's card is shown to Edward. Patrica's card is shown to Patrica. Joseph's card is shown to Alta. Patrica's card is shown to Alta. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 Agentd:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 Agentd:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maria knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Heidi can now know whether Maria's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Carol's card is shown to Ramona. Ramona's card is shown to Willie. Ramona's card is shown to Carol. Willie's card is shown to Carol. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ramona can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Eduardo can know whether Eduardo's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Norman does not know whether David is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether David can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joan knows whether Teresa's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Corrine knows whether Maxine's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Maxine can now know that Corrine's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Daniel is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Terrell does not know whether Laura is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know that Daniel can know whether Terrell is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jodi knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Steve can now know that Jodi can know that Jodi's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Helen can now know that Sha can know that Josephine is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bruce's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Milton can now know whether Arthur can know whether Milton's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Patricia does not know whether Donna is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Donald knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agentd knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know whether David is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Larry does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Larry can now know that Adelia can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Anna's card is shown to Anna. Armando's card is shown to Edwin. Edwin's card is shown to Armando. Armando's card is shown to Armando. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Armando can now know whether Anna can know whether Anna picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Vincent's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Paul can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kim knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Kim can now know that Billy can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Adam can now know that Tanya can know whether Jeffrey's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joann's card is shown to Joann. Kim's card is shown to Kim. Kelly's card is shown to Kelly. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joann can now know whether Heather can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jesica does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Michael is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Earl's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Hilda can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Connie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Connie can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Tina does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know that Maureen can know that Ian is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jeri does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Marcelino can now know whether Cherise can know whether Eduardo is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Elaine's card is shown to Paul. Elaine's card is shown to Daniel. Paul's card is shown to Daniel. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elaine does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elaine does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Paul can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Barbra knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Irene can now know that Randy can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Donna knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Erin is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! 3 ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenneth can now know whether Erin can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jane does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jane does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Anita can now know that Jane can know that Jane is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alice does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Alice can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Norman can now know that James can know whether Ernest's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Barbara knows whether Lonnie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Barbara can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Valerie's card is shown to Valerie. Adelia's card is shown to Valerie. Valerie's card is shown to Tracy. Tracy's card is shown to Tracy. Adelia's card is shown to Tracy. Charles's card is shown to Tracy. Tracy's card is shown to Adelia. Charles's card is shown to Adelia. Valerie's card is shown to Charles. Adelia's card is shown to Charles. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Charles does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:2,4 Agentd:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:2,4 Agentd:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Valerie can now know that Tracy can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maria knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Dionne can now know whether Maria's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Julio's card is shown to Joseph. Bob's card is shown to Bob. Bob's card is shown to Julio. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Bob does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Julio can now know that Julio picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Justin's card is shown to Laura. Justin's card is shown to Justin. Justin's card is shown to Victor. Victor's card is shown to Victor. Victor's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Victor can now know that Victor picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alice knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alice can now know that Sarah can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Amanda's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nancy knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nancy can now know that Amanda can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Timothy does not know whether Neil is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that John is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Katie knows whether Katie's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Edwin can now know that Katie can know that Katie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether Anita can know that Mary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Walter's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Krystle's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

Hypothesis: Walter can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Brian knows whether Brian is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Brian is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jack is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Gloria can now know whether Janie can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Albert's card is shown to Heather. Mary's card is shown to Albert. Virginia's card is shown to Virginia. Heather's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Heather can now know whether Virginia picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Angel knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether Linda is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that Linda can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joel's card is shown to Tracy. Joel's card is shown to Mary. John's card is shown to John. Mary's card is shown to Joel. John's card is shown to Joel. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether Mary picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tracy knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joel can now know whether John can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Samuel can now know whether William can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lori knows whether Lori's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lori can now know that Eva can know whether Eva's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Nancy can now know whether Nelly can know that Nelly's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dominick's card is shown to Dominick. Mary's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mary does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether Dominick can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Sara knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maria's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Maria can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Clarence knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ann can now know that Clarence can know that Ann's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alison does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know whether Alison can know that Alison is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Patricia's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Magdalena's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentd knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know whether Patricia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Marguerite's card is shown to Marguerite. Glenna's card is shown to Marguerite. Marguerite's card is shown to Thomas. Thomas's card is shown to Thomas. Anita's card is shown to Anita. Marguerite's card is shown to Glenna. Thomas's card is shown to Glenna. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marguerite can now know that Glenna can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kenneth does not know whether Louis is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] (Agentd knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenneth can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jamie does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jamie does not know whether Jamie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jamie does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jamie can now know that Justin can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Donna does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donna can now know whether Harold can know whether William's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rafael's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Carole can now know whether Rafael's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Francis's card is shown to Dorothy. Michelle's card is shown to Francis. Francis's card is shown to Michelle. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dorothy can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Patrick's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Sandra can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether Ron is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jeremiah knows whether Jeremiah is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Clifton can know that Ron is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Roberta's card is shown to Dorothy. John's card is shown to Dorothy. Dorothy's card is shown to James. Dorothy's card is shown to John. John's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dorothy can now know whether Roberta picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Raymond knows whether Raymond's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Doris can now know that Raymond can know whether Anthony's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Theodore's card is shown to Theodore. Sonia's card is shown to Sonia. Kenneth's card is shown to Kenneth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Theodore does not know whether Kenneth picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Sonia does not know whether Kenneth picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Theodore can now know whether Kenneth can know whether Kenneth picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Larry does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know that Joan can know that Larry's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Brad knows whether Dorothy's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brad can now know that Darren's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). James's card is shown to Jerry. David's card is shown to David. James's card is shown to David. Jerry's card is shown to James. David's card is shown to James. James's card is shown to James. David's card is shown to George. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that George can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Heath is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Suzanne knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Heath can now know that Scott can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Nicholas is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Angela is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Angela can now know that Tracy can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Angelica knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Wayne can now know whether Amanda can know that Angelica's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Billy knows whether Billy is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Chad can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Donna knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donna can now know whether Gertrude can know that June's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Frieda does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know whether Lisa can know that Lisa is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eartha does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Patricia knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eartha can now know whether Patricia can know that Eartha's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Terry's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dennis knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Terry can now know whether Dennis can know whether Terry's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know that Frederick can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Shirley's card is shown to Shirley. David's card is shown to Shirley. David's card is shown to Margaret. Margaret's card is shown to Margaret. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know that David picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bradley does not know whether Bradley's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bradley knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Danny can now know that Mary can know that Bradley's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Roxana can now know that Dorothy can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Andrew is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

Hypothesis: Andrew can now know that nobody is thirsty.