Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bill knows whether Bill's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Bill can now know that Roman can know whether Olive's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robbie knows whether Jennifer's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robbie does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jennifer knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jennifer knows whether Robbie's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jennifer can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jorge knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Constance can now know that Fred can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Victoria knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Allen can now know that Victoria can know that Brittni's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether Robert's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donna can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Betty can now know whether Martha can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Bernardo's card is shown to Lana. Lana's card is shown to Lana. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Lana picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Bernardo can now know whether Bernardo picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Margaret does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Vicki knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Vicki can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gerard knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Annie can now know that Gerard can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Omer's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Wanda does not know whether Wanda's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Omer can now know that Wanda can know that Wanda's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jennifer knows whether Clifford's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Clifford knows whether Jennifer's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jennifer's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Clifford can now know that Jennifer can know that Clifford's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Damaris knows whether Damaris is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Annie can now know whether Damaris can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Eugene does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Eugene does not know whether Toni is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kenneth does not know whether Toni is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenneth can now know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Timothy's card is shown to Timothy. Valerie's card is shown to Timothy. Timothy's card is shown to Valerie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Valerie does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Timothy can now know that Valerie can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether Robert's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that William can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Julia knows whether Bruce's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that Bruce can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kimberly's card is shown to Shirley. Patsy's card is shown to Shirley. Shirley's card is shown to Kimberly. Shirley's card is shown to Patsy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Shirley picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kimberly knows whether or not nobody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Shirley knows whether Patsy picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patsy can now know that Shirley can know that Patsy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alecia's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Kenneth can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tamara knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tamara knows whether Natalie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Norma can now know whether Tamara can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Cruz's card is shown to Cruz. Maria's card is shown to John. Cruz's card is shown to Maria. John's card is shown to Maria. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Maria picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Cruz can now know whether John can know that John picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Edwardo's card is shown to George. Michael's card is shown to George. George's card is shown to Edwardo. Edwardo's card is shown to Edwardo. Phillip's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). David's card is shown to Eugenia. Marjorie's card is shown to Helen. Helen's card is shown to David. Helen's card is shown to Marjorie. Marjorie's card is shown to Marjorie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:2 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:2 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Helen can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Charles does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know whether Jeremy can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Veronica knows whether Judy's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Judy can now know whether Nancy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jennifer knows whether Andrea's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Andrea can now know whether Andrea's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kristine is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Steven can now know that Carrie can know whether Kristine is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Royal does not know whether Royal's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Anthony knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Royal can now know that Anthony can know whether Royal's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Roberta's card is shown to Gertrude. Angela's card is shown to Gertrude. Gertrude's card is shown to Roberta. Gertrude's card is shown to Gloria. Roberta's card is shown to Angela. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Gertrude does not know whether Gertrude picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gertrude can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lillie does not know whether Lillie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Brandon knows whether Brandon's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brandon can now know whether Cheryl can know whether Cheryl's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rosa's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rosa's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Brian's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Vicki can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Carolyn's card is shown to Clemente. Nona's card is shown to Nona. Carolyn's card is shown to Nona. Clemente's card is shown to Carolyn. Nona's card is shown to Carolyn. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Nona does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Clemente can now know whether Nona can know whether Evelyn picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michelle knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know whether Michael can know that Michael's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Arthur can now know that Camelia can know that Kory's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: James can now know that Armand can know whether Armand's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mary does not know whether Kevin is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mary is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kevin is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kevin is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! 2 ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know whether Mary can know that Kevin is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). David's card is shown to Steven. Raquel's card is shown to David. Doris's card is shown to Doris. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Raquel can now know that David can know that Steven picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that Adeline's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Vivian knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Vivian can now know whether Stephanie can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alexis does not know whether Terence is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Terence does not know whether Lina is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lina can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Shelley does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Carl can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alida knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kathryn can now know that Alida can know whether Kathryn's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Natasha's card is shown to Natasha. Natasha's card is shown to Manuel. Manuel's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Michael. Natasha's card is shown to Carol. Carol's card is shown to Carol. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Natasha does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Natasha picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Natasha does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Manuel can now know that Natasha can know whether Manuel picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dorothy knows whether Laurie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laurie can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emma is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emma knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emma does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marilyn can now know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jane does not know whether Jane's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jane can now know that Alan's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mark's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Alyson can now know that George's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Beatrice can now know whether Mark can know whether Julia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carol does not know whether Carol's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carol knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Carol can now know that Nicole can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Fred's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Fred can now know whether Elizabeth can know whether Fred's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Richard's card is shown to Richard. Lena's card is shown to Richard. Gussie's card is shown to Richard. Richard's card is shown to Homer. Homer's card is shown to Gussie. Gussie's card is shown to Gussie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Homer can now know whether Lena can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Ta can now know whether Tana can know that Tana's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Patrick's card is shown to Patrick. Ann's card is shown to Ann. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lee can now know that Patrick can know whether Ann picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lucinda knows whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Susannah can now know whether Stephen can know that Stephen is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mary's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Linda can know that Mary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Octavia does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Billie knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Billie can now know that Octavia can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Isabel does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Isabel does not know whether Richard is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Isabel can now know that Isabel is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Patricia's card is shown to Patricia. Veronica's card is shown to Patricia. Patricia's card is shown to Veronica. Veronica's card is shown to Veronica. Stephen's card is shown to Veronica. Patricia's card is shown to Stephen. Stephen's card is shown to Stephen. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Veronica can now know whether Stephen can know whether Veronica picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jacqueline knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Curtis can now know whether Mary can know that Mary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Timothy's card is shown to Timothy. Marc's card is shown to Marc. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Marc knows whether Marc picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marc can now know whether Timothy can know that Marc picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lora knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Christine can now know that Charles can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles knows whether Margaret's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Margaret knows whether Shirley's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know whether Margaret can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ryan does not know whether John is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ryan does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ryan does not know whether Michell is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether Michell is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michell can now know whether Nancy can know that John is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jessica is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Priscilla can now know whether Jessie can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ashley knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elaine does not know whether Elaine's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ashley can now know whether Betty can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ernest's card is shown to Ernest. Shannon's card is shown to Ernest. Ernest's card is shown to Shannon. Emily's card is shown to Shannon. Shannon's card is shown to Emily. Ernest's card is shown to Adam. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Shannon knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Shannon picked a black card. It is publicly announced that Ernest does not know whether Adam picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ernest can now know that Shannon can know that Ernest picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Victor knows whether Philip's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Philip can now know that Elvis's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jeanna does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Reyes is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jeanna does not know whether Marilyn is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jeanna does not know whether Marilyn is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jeanna can now know that Marilyn can know whether Marilyn is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Bessie knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenneth can now know that Bessie can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Arlene knows whether Annie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Annie does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Annie can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Carolyn's card is shown to Susan. Carolyn's card is shown to Carolyn. Susan's card is shown to Sandra. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Carolyn does not know whether Sandra picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sandra can now know that Susan can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Thelma knows whether Robert's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Chris's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Chris can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Mark can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Bessie knows whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elvis knows whether Bessie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bessie can now know that Elvis can know that Elvis is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Helen knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jennifer can now know whether Helen can know that Minh's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Stacey knows whether Stacey is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentd knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know whether Shiloh can know that Shiloh is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Jonathan can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Francesca does not know whether Donna is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Troy knows whether Troy is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donna can now know that Francesca is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mary's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether Dustin can know that Thomas's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Beverly's card is shown to Beverly. Rudy's card is shown to James. Steven's card is shown to Steven. James's card is shown to Rudy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Steven can now know that James can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether Timothy's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Timothy knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Timothy can now know that Robert can know that Robert's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Stanley does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Stanley can now know whether Stanley's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Melissa knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Melissa can now know whether Cordelia can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Victor's card is shown to Richard. Albertina's card is shown to Albertina. Viola's card is shown to Albertina. Richard's card is shown to Victor. Victor's card is shown to Victor. Viola's card is shown to Victor. Richard's card is shown to Viola. Viola's card is shown to Viola. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:1,3,4 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Victor can now know that Richard can know whether Albertina picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Gary does not know whether Elizabeth is thirsty. It is publicly announced that George does not know whether Gary is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(3) ] (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gary can now know whether Elizabeth is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Brenda does not know whether Brenda's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brenda can now know that Lori can know whether Lori's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robin's card is shown to Katherine. Robin's card is shown to Robin. Rhonda's card is shown to Rhonda. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robin picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robin does not know whether Katherine picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Katherine can now know that Robin can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that April is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agentd knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Peggy knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Peggy knows whether Peggy's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Harry knows whether William's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Virginia can know that Peggy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Keith's card is shown to Daisy. Judi's card is shown to Raymond. Daisy's card is shown to Judi. Raymond's card is shown to Judi. Judi's card is shown to Judi. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Keith can now know that Raymond can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Floyd can now know that Melissa's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mildred knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mildred can now know that Eric can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jerri's card is shown to Jerri. Jerri's card is shown to Sophia. Sophia's card is shown to Sophia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jerri can now know whether Sophia can know whether Jerri picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eugene's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Eric can now know whether John can know that Eric's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joseph's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Kristopher can now know that Paul's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kerry does not know whether Kelly is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Kelly can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Deirdre's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Russ can now know that Deirdre can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shane's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Shane can now know whether Chelsea can know whether Sandra's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Rudy does not know whether Martin is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Amanda is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Amanda can now know that Mark can know that Amanda is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether Don's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether Don's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Don can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jesus knows whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Edward knows whether Edward is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jesus can now know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Erick's card is shown to Erick. Charlene's card is shown to Erick. Erick's card is shown to Charlene. Charlene's card is shown to Charlene. Erick's card is shown to Jackie. Charlene's card is shown to Jackie. Stacy's card is shown to Stacy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Erick can now know that Jackie picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dwight's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Kevin's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Leonard knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Lloyd can now know whether Judy can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether Michael's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(3) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Nellie can now know that John's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Hazel knows whether Janice's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] (Agenta knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Janice's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Veronica knows whether Veronica is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Maria does not know whether Veronica is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Calvin does not know whether Laurie is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laurie can now know whether Maria can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Pedro's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Pedro can now know whether Brandi can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Myung's card is shown to Kevin. Abel's card is shown to Kevin. Myung's card is shown to Myung. Kevin's card is shown to Abel. Abel's card is shown to Abel. Abel's card is shown to Douglas. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Myung can now know whether Abel picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kimberly knows whether Kimberly's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Kimberly can now know that Darryl can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Eric does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Crystal does not know whether Chad is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eric can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Stephen's card is shown to Joseph. Stephen's card is shown to Stephen. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Stephen picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Stephen can now know whether Joseph can know that Joseph picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lynda's card is shown to Lynda. Stewart's card is shown to Lynda. Lynda's card is shown to Donald. Donald's card is shown to Donald. Bradley's card is shown to Bradley. Lynda's card is shown to Stewart. Donald's card is shown to Stewart. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donald can now know whether Stewart can know whether Bradley picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Christina's card is shown to Kevin. Diane's card is shown to Marsha. Kevin's card is shown to Christina. Marsha's card is shown to Christina. Kevin's card is shown to Diane. Marsha's card is shown to Diane. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know whether Marsha can know that Marsha picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Stanley's card is shown to Kathryn. Joshua's card is shown to Joshua. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kathryn can now know whether Kathryn picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Raymond knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patrick can now know whether Raymond can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Yesenia does not know whether Yesenia's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gladys can now know that Gladys's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Roy knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (1&2) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (1&2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Roy can now know whether Carl's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michael's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michael knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Delores can now know whether Michael can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kyle does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Cindy knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Cindy is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Cindy can now know that Cindy is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jack does not know whether Jack's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patrick can now know that Diane can know that Patrick's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Norma knows whether Norma's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John knows whether John's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Percy can now know that Norma can know whether Norma's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lee does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Susie can now know whether Robert can know that Robert is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Donna knows whether Donna's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: James can now know that Dana can know that Donna's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michael knows whether Bonnie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Curtis can now know whether Bonnie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kim does not know whether William is thirsty. It is publicly announced that William is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether Kim is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kim knows whether William is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Robert can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jessica's card is shown to James. Mary's card is shown to James. James's card is shown to Jessica. Jessica's card is shown to Jessica. James's card is shown to Nancy. Mary's card is shown to Nancy. James's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Nancy can know whether Nancy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Thomas knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Troy knows whether Amanda's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Amanda knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know whether Troy can know that Thomas's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shannon knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elaine can now know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alan does not know whether Jerry is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jerry can now know that Gerald can know whether Alan is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michelle's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Brenda can now know that Lori can know that Brenda's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). William's card is shown to Benjamin. Roger's card is shown to Benjamin. Benjamin's card is shown to Laura. Laura's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to William. Laura's card is shown to Roger. William's card is shown to Roger. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentd knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Roger can now know whether Roger picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Howard's card is shown to Howard. Danny's card is shown to Howard. Howard's card is shown to Bonnie. Bonnie's card is shown to Bonnie. Bonnie's card is shown to Norman. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bonnie can now know that Danny can know that Howard picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Nicole's card is shown to Nicole. Doris's card is shown to Nicole. Emma's card is shown to Doris. Nicole's card is shown to Emma. Emma's card is shown to Emma. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Emma does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Doris can now know that Nicole can know that Doris picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Stephen does not know whether Royce is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Royce does not know whether Stephen is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Stephen does not know whether Royce is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Delores can now know that Gilbert can know that Gilbert is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Paulette's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Paulette can now know whether Caroline can know that Caroline's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Hope knows whether Robert's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maria does not know whether Maria's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Robert can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! 2 ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Berniece can now know that Lillian can know that James is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kimberly knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know that Kimberly can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Laurie knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dorothy does not know whether Dorothy's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Laurie does not know whether Laurie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Harry knows whether Harry's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dorothy can now know whether Laurie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Thomas does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thomas can now know whether Andrew can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Paul's card is shown to Karen. Michelle's card is shown to Paul. Karen's card is shown to Michelle. Paul's card is shown to Michelle. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Paul can now know whether Karen can know whether Paul picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Gerry can now know that Brad can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jorge's card is shown to Jorge. Corey's card is shown to Jorge. Heather's card is shown to Heather. Corey's card is shown to Corey. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Corey does not know whether Jorge picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Heather can now know that Corey can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Megan's card is shown to Sharon. Rosa's card is shown to Sharon. Sharon's card is shown to Megan. Megan's card is shown to Megan. Rosa's card is shown to Megan. Rosa's card is shown to Rosa. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rosa can now know that Sharon picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sammy's card is shown to Charles. Charles's card is shown to Sammy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sammy can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Leon's card is shown to Cassandra. Doris's card is shown to Judy. Leon's card is shown to Judy. Doris's card is shown to Doris. Doris's card is shown to Leon. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Cassandra does not know whether Doris picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Doris picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Judy can now know that Doris can know whether Cassandra picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Pauline knows whether Richard's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Pauline can now know whether John can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Maurice's card is shown to Maurice. Mary's card is shown to Maurice. Maurice's card is shown to Maria. Maria's card is shown to Maria. Maurice's card is shown to Mary. Matthew's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Maurice does not know whether Matthew picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Matthew can now know that Maurice can know that Matthew picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jamie knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Marion can now know that Elenora can know that Jamie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lorna's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lorna's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: John can now know that Greg can know that Lorna's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Wanda's card is shown to Wanda. Wanda's card is shown to Janice. Janice's card is shown to Miguel. Miguel's card is shown to Miguel. Miguel's card is shown to Theodore. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Theodore does not know whether Wanda picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Wanda does not know whether Janice picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Miguel knows whether Miguel picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agentd knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Theodore can now know whether Miguel picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ann knows whether John's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Robin can know that Robin's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Brittany does not know whether William is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Brittany can know whether William is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robin is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robin does not know whether Craig is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robin can now know whether Craig can know whether Craig is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Stuart's card is shown to Wanda. Minnie's card is shown to Wanda. Stuart's card is shown to Stuart. Minnie's card is shown to Stuart. Minnie's card is shown to Claudia. Stuart's card is shown to Minnie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Claudia does not know whether Stuart picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Minnie can now know that Stuart can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.