Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jacklyn is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jacklyn knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mohammad can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Anna does not know whether Helen is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Helen can now know that James can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Keith can now know that Yu can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Christian knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Steven does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Douglas can now know whether Steven can know whether Steven's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dawn's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Jennifer can now know that Carrie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sheri's card is shown to Sheri. Aaron's card is shown to Andrea. Sheri's card is shown to Andrea. Harry's card is shown to Harry. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Sheri does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Aaron can now know whether Harry picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alice knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Angela can now know whether Daniel can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lee knows whether Lee's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Virginia can know that Virginia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Nancy can now know whether Barbara can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Erwin's card is shown to Erwin. Erwin's card is shown to Richard. Richard's card is shown to Richard. Linda's card is shown to Richard. Erwin's card is shown to Linda. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Richard can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Wendell does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Wendell does not know whether Marilyn is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Marilyn does not know whether Cora is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dennis can now know that Cora can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). June's card is shown to June. Linda's card is shown to June. Richard's card is shown to June. Linda's card is shown to Linda. June's card is shown to Richard. Linda's card is shown to Richard. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Linda can now know whether June can know whether Richard picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jess does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jess does not know whether Jess's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Betsy's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Betsy knows whether Jess's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Betsy can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Penny knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Herminia can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Salvador's card is shown to Salvador. Salvador's card is shown to Pamela. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Salvador can now know that Pamela can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Beth knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joyce can now know that Beth can know whether Doris's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Daniel knows whether David's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Daniel can now know whether David can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Amanda is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Rebecca knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Amanda can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Clifford can now know whether Eloise can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Crystal does not know whether Crystal's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Malcom can now know that Robert can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Donald's card is shown to Tina. Donald's card is shown to Patricia. Tina's card is shown to Donald. Patricia's card is shown to Donald. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Donald does not know whether Donald picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tina knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tina can now know that Tina picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Sandra knows whether Merri's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Guadalupe can now know that Merri's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joyce knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joyce can now know that Bruce's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Marjorie's card is shown to Mirta. Marjorie's card is shown to Marie. Tina's card is shown to Tina. Marie's card is shown to Marjorie. Tina's card is shown to Marjorie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tina does not know whether Marie picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mirta knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marie can now know whether Marjorie can know whether Marie picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lisa does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wayne can now know whether Lisa can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carol knows whether Carol's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Carol can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maria knows whether Margery's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jessica can now know whether Margery can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Margaret can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Laura knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth does not know whether Brian is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Theresa is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: David can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dora's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Dora can now know whether Mack's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ted knows whether Tyrone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tyrone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Fredrick does not know whether Fredrick's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tyrone can now know whether Ted can know whether Fredrick's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Clyde does not know whether Sarah is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Juanita does not know whether Clyde is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sarah can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Vito's card is shown to Vito. Mable's card is shown to Vito. Mable's card is shown to Mable. Vivian's card is shown to Vivian. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Vivian can now know that Mable can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Betty does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Betty does not know whether Betty's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] (Agentd knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Betty can now know whether Joan's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to Robert. William's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to Luis. Luis's card is shown to Luis. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know that Nicholas picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Leota's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Roosevelt can now know whether Leota can know that Vicky's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emily does not know whether Mona is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Laura does not know whether Mona is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know whether Emily can know whether Mona is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Barbara is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gabriel can now know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lucretia can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mark does not know whether Benjamin is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Karie does not know whether Mark is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Benjamin is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(3) ] (Agentd knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Karie can now know whether Anna is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Edward's card is shown to Robert. Maurice's card is shown to Jeffrey. Edward's card is shown to Edward. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Maurice picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Maurice can now know that Robert picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether Jeffrey is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jeffrey can now know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joseph's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Lila does not know whether Lila's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lila can now know that Kimberly can know that Lila's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Karl's card is shown to Karl. Susan's card is shown to Karl. Susan's card is shown to Susan. Karl's card is shown to Harold. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Susan does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Karl can now know whether Harold picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Anthony's card is shown to Anthony. Monica's card is shown to Anthony. Anthony's card is shown to Cheryl. Monica's card is shown to Cheryl. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Anthony can now know that Monica can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jared's card is shown to Jared. Jared's card is shown to Misti. Misti's card is shown to Misti. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jared knows whether Aaron picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Aaron can now know that Jared can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Percy knows whether Wendy's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Timothy knows whether Wendy's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Timothy can now know whether Wendy can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kathleen does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mark knows whether Kathleen's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Albert can now know whether Kathleen can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nellie knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Shannon can now know whether Nellie can know that Nellie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Johnnie can now know whether Joshua can know whether Donna's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Natasha knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Theresa knows whether Theresa is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Theresa is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ethel knows whether Megan's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ethel's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Megan can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Michael's card is shown to Patricia. Patricia's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Patricia knows whether Patricia picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Patricia can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Leticia does not know whether Mike is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jennifer does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Louis can now know that Mike is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Brenda knows whether Dominick's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brenda can now know that Thomas's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Larry's card is shown to Andrea. Jared's card is shown to Andrea. Andrea's card is shown to Larry. Larry's card is shown to Larry. Jared's card is shown to Larry. Larry's card is shown to Elizabeth. Jared's card is shown to Elizabeth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:1,2,4 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:1,2,4 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Andrea can now know whether Elizabeth can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Anna can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Larry is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Joann can now know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Douglas can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jan does not know whether Nicole is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jan does not know whether Meryl is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Nicole knows whether Nicole is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jan can now know that Meryl can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Josefina does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Josefina can now know that Martha can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether David is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know that Michael can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Linda's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Sylvia does not know whether Sylvia's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Sylvia knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Roosevelt can now know whether Sylvia can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Matthew can now know that John can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Margaret's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Barbara can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jay's card is shown to Doris. Jay's card is shown to Martha. Doris's card is shown to Jay. Jay's card is shown to Jay. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Martha can now know whether Martha picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Marie knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Emily can now know whether Marie can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: James can now know that Alexander's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Amanda's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Paul can now know that Amanda can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nancy knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Cathleen can now know that Danielle can know that Cathleen's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dwight does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dwight knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cynthia can now know that Dwight can know that Dwight is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Daisy's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Jimmy can now know that Daisy can know that Daisy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lance does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Audrey knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Helen does not know whether Audrey is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Helen does not know whether Ellen is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Helen can now know that Ellen can know whether Audrey is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dustin does not know whether Dustin's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dustin can now know that Reynaldo can know that Dustin's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gary knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Neal knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gary can now know that Neal can know that Gary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shirley knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joan knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Sandra can now know that Joan can know that Joan's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lisa's card is shown to Lisa. Eric's card is shown to Lisa. James's card is shown to Eric. Latonya's card is shown to Eric. Eric's card is shown to Latonya. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Lisa does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that Lisa picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Cindy's card is shown to Cindy. Harry's card is shown to Cindy. Cindy's card is shown to Harry. Harry's card is shown to Dorothy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Harry does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cindy can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Pamela can now know whether Sarah's forehead is muddy.


VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Catherine can now know whether Carolyn can know whether Carolyn's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Tyler's card is shown to Tyler. Patrick's card is shown to Tyler. Edith's card is shown to Patrick. Edith's card is shown to Edith. Michelle's card is shown to Michelle. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patrick can now know that Edith picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Warren does not know whether Katelyn is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that Alison can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Jeffrey can now know whether Robert can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marian knows whether Lois's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Blanche's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Lois can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ruth can now know whether Jose can know whether Jamey is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ashley does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kari knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ashley does not know whether Ashley's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kari knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kari can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Grover knows whether Grover's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shirley knows whether Kimberly's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kimberly can now know that Grover's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eunice does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dana can now know that Dana's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that Jean can know whether John is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carolyn does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Cindi can now know whether Thomas can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Florence does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Tom knows whether Tom's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Florence can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Faith does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Maria can now know that David can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Larry does not know whether Ricky is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Ricky does not know whether Darlene is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Darlene can now know that Mary can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Alanna's card is shown to Alanna. George's card is shown to Alanna. Alanna's card is shown to Jeff. Paul's card is shown to Paul. Alanna's card is shown to George. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alanna can now know whether George can know whether Alanna picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kristina does not know whether Kristina's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jennie can now know that Jennie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Donna's card is shown to Donna. Donna's card is shown to Scot. Scot's card is shown to Scot. Dorothy's card is shown to Scot. Donna's card is shown to Dorothy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Scot can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Adele's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Debra can now know that Susan can know that Debra's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mariana's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Patrick can now know that Mariana can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ana knows whether Vincent's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Helen does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Shirley can now know whether Vincent can know whether Shirley's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Donald knows whether Dina's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elsie can now know that Elsie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Diane is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Diane does not know whether Brenda is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Diane can now know that Joseph can know that Brenda is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Rodolfo does not know whether Homer is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rodolfo can now know that Homer can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Leah does not know whether Jean is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jean is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Leah is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that Leah can know whether Michael is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Richard knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that Richard's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Cheryl knows whether Bruce's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bruce's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Eugene can now know whether Cheryl can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marjorie knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marjorie can now know whether Amanda can know that Marjorie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Catherine does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Catherine does not know whether Leonard is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Leonard knows whether Leonard is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Leonard knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leonard can now know that Leonard is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Yolanda knows whether Vera's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Vera can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Peter does not know whether Peter's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Steven's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Kori can now know whether Peter can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ruth knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Julia knows whether James's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 4) ] (Agentd knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lillie knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lillie knows whether Laura's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lillie can now know whether Laura can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know whether Alexander can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Anthony can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Steven knows whether Antonio's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: James can now know that Mary can know whether Antonio's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marion's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Sandra knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Martha can now know that Eva can know that Martha's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Dante can now know that Michael can know that Dante's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Matthew knows whether Christopher's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Christopher can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Barbara's card is shown to Catherine. Barbara's card is shown to Carol. Carol's card is shown to Carol. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Catherine picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Catherine does not know whether Carol picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Barbara knows whether Carol picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Catherine can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Charles's card is shown to Stacy. Ashley's card is shown to Stacy. Charles's card is shown to Charles. Calvin's card is shown to Charles. Stacy's card is shown to Calvin. Charles's card is shown to Ashley. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Stacy does not know whether Calvin picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Charles picked a black card. It is publicly announced that Stacy does not know whether Stacy picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Calvin can now know whether Stacy can know that Stacy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Loretta knows whether Norman's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Loretta's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agentd knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Nathan can now know that Norman's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Holly does not know whether Holly's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jeremy can now know that Darleen can know that Holly's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Alice knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Louise's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agentb knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Ryan can now know that Jeffrey's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Matthew's card is shown to Ethan. Ethan's card is shown to Ethan. Dana's card is shown to Ethan. Matthew's card is shown to Margaret. Margaret's card is shown to Margaret. Dana's card is shown to Margaret. Matthew's card is shown to Dana. Margaret's card is shown to Dana. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Ethan can now know that Matthew can know that Ethan picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kathleen's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Kathleen knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Melissa can now know that Manuel's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Karen knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Willie does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Karen can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Damien knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Graciela knows whether Graciela's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Damien can now know that Graciela's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mildred is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mildred does not know whether Mary is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mildred can now know that Mary can know whether Mary is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Virginia can now know that Michael can know that Michael's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Beverly can now know that James is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Matthew's card is shown to Matthew. Elsie's card is shown to Matthew. Elsie's card is shown to Elsie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elsie knows whether or not nobody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elsie does not know whether Matthew picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elsie can now know that Elsie picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William knows whether William's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Rafael can now know that William can know whether Gracie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David knows whether Jennifer's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that David's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Ana knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know whether Ana can know that David's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Glen knows whether Glen's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Lester can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James is not thirsty. It is publicly announced that Cathy does not know whether Kay is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kay does not know whether Cathy is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Melvin can know that Kay is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Rufus's card is shown to Florence. Victor's card is shown to Florence. Juliette's card is shown to Juliette. Rufus's card is shown to Victor. Florence's card is shown to Victor. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Juliette can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Margaret can now know that Charles can know whether Charles's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Barry does not know whether Barry's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Corina knows whether Corina's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Corina can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Adolfo's card is shown to Dan. Adolfo's card is shown to Mary. Geoffrey's card is shown to Mary. Dan's card is shown to Adolfo. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Dan knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dan can now know whether Mary picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Heather does not know whether Josefa is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kelvin is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Josefa is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kelvin is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! 1 ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Heather can now know whether Josefa can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Frances does not know whether Cherie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cherie can now know whether Bradley can know that Frances is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jeanne knows whether Jeanne's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jerry can now know that Jeanne can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lynne's card is shown to Lynne. Lynne's card is shown to Christopher. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Christopher does not know whether Christopher picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Christopher knows whether or not nobody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lynne can now know whether Christopher can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Stephany does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Stephany can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mark knows whether Carla's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Lonnie can now know that Mark can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joshua's card is shown to Phyllis. Sue's card is shown to Sue. Joshua's card is shown to Joshua. Phyllis's card is shown to Jeanie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Phyllis picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jeanie does not know whether Jeanie picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Sue knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Phyllis can now know that Jeanie can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Adam's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to Adam. Adam's card is shown to Adam. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Adam knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Patricia's card is shown to Frances. David's card is shown to Frances. David's card is shown to Patricia. David's card is shown to David. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: David can now know that Frances can know that Frances picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dolores's card is shown to John. John's card is shown to Dolores. Dolores's card is shown to Stefanie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Dolores knows whether Dolores picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Dolores picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Janelle's card is shown to Janelle. Berniece's card is shown to Janelle. Janelle's card is shown to Daniel. Janelle's card is shown to Berniece. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Daniel can now know that Berniece picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Oren knows whether Reginald's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: William can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Alfred is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Carmen can now know whether Alfred can know that Alfred is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jimmy's card is shown to Jimmy. Helen's card is shown to Helen. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jimmy knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Helen can now know whether Jimmy can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Terry's card is shown to Angie. Sandy's card is shown to Sandy. Sandy's card is shown to Terry. Angie's card is shown to Gladys. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gladys can now know that Angie can know whether Gladys picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Amanda can now know that Samantha can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Pedro knows whether Jeremy's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] (Agentd knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Pedro can now know that James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Howard does not know whether Howard's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows that (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Erik can now know that Howard can know whether Brian's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Johanna does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Barbara does not know whether Augustine is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Johanna does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Johanna can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marshall does not know whether Marshall's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Louise can now know whether William can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Tom's card is shown to Mattie. Tom's card is shown to Tom. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mattie does not know whether Mattie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tom can now know that Mattie can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lola can now know whether Justin can know whether Justin is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jamie's card is shown to Jamie. Eva's card is shown to Jamie. Eva's card is shown to William. Jamie's card is shown to Victor. William's card is shown to Eva. Eva's card is shown to Eva. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether Jamie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Victor can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Mary. Frederick's card is shown to Mary. Troy's card is shown to Troy. Troy's card is shown to Frederick. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether Troy picked a red card.