Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Darrel's card is shown to Eddie. Chester's card is shown to Chester. Darrel's card is shown to Chester. Michael's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Chester does not know whether Michael picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Chester can now know that Michael can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Abraham knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Abraham does not know whether Eleanor is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Francis can now know that Abraham can know that Nancy is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Christopher's card is shown to Christopher. John's card is shown to Christopher. Rebecca's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Christopher can now know whether John can know that John picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Darrell's card is shown to Darrell. Rosie's card is shown to Darrell. Jewel's card is shown to Patricia. Darrell's card is shown to Rosie. Patricia's card is shown to Rosie. Jewel's card is shown to Jewel. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentd knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jewel can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mark's card is shown to Mark. Mark's card is shown to Dennis. Donald's card is shown to Dennis. Jennifer's card is shown to Dennis. Dennis's card is shown to Jennifer. Donald's card is shown to Jennifer. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dennis can now know that Donald can know whether Dennis picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). June's card is shown to June. June's card is shown to Dean. Dean's card is shown to Dean. Silvia's card is shown to Dean. June's card is shown to Silvia. Dean's card is shown to Silvia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that June knows whether June picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Silvia can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Willie's card is shown to Willie. Willie's card is shown to Roberta. Roberta's card is shown to Roberta. Valerie's card is shown to Roberta. Roberta's card is shown to Valerie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Willie can now know that Valerie can know that Roberta picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to Robert. Barbara's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to David. Jessica's card is shown to Barbara. David's card is shown to Jessica. Jessica's card is shown to Jessica. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:4 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:4 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jessica can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Eva's card is shown to Eva. Alisa's card is shown to Eva. Alisa's card is shown to Alisa. Jeremy's card is shown to Alisa. Jeremy's card is shown to Jeremy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jeremy can now know whether Eva picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mary does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether Amanda's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Pauline's card is shown to Pauline. Yolanda's card is shown to Pauline. Esther's card is shown to Yolanda. Pauline's card is shown to Benjamin. Benjamin's card is shown to Benjamin. Esther's card is shown to Benjamin. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Pauline can now know that Yolanda can know that Benjamin picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Danny can now know that Barbara's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Nathan's card is shown to Leslie. Leslie's card is shown to Thomas. Thomas's card is shown to Thomas. Jean's card is shown to Thomas. Thomas's card is shown to Jean. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Thomas does not know whether Leslie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leslie can now know that Nathan can know that Nathan picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Fred's card is shown to Jeremy. Michael's card is shown to Jeremy. Fred's card is shown to Fred. Fred's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jeremy can now know that Fred can know that Fred picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Doris's card is shown to Doris. Nicole's card is shown to Doris. Annette's card is shown to Doris. Annette's card is shown to Nicole. Doris's card is shown to Annette. Doris's card is shown to Barbara. Nicole's card is shown to Barbara. Annette's card is shown to Barbara. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Doris knows whether Nicole picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentd knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Barbara can now know that Annette picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Christine's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Ray can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Virginia does not know whether Beatriz is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentd knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Beatriz can now know whether Jonathan can know that Beatriz is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Robert can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Leslie knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jesus knows whether Jesus is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leslie can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). James's card is shown to Linda. Linda's card is shown to Linda. James's card is shown to Randy. Linda's card is shown to Randy. James's card is shown to Matthew. Linda's card is shown to Matthew. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Linda does not know whether Randy picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that James picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Aaron's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to Robert. Joe's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to John. Joe's card is shown to Melissa. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Robert can know whether John picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carter knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Carter can now know whether Robert can know whether Robert's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Leland's card is shown to Leland. Peggy's card is shown to Peggy. Shawn's card is shown to Peggy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Peggy can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Deborah's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Agnes can now know that Julia can know that Agnes's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jacqueline knows whether Jacqueline is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Susan can now know whether Jacqueline is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). George's card is shown to Therese. Helen's card is shown to Helen. George's card is shown to Helen. Therese's card is shown to George. Helen's card is shown to George. George's card is shown to George. Helen's card is shown to Harold. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Therese can now know that George can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Wilbert knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Herman knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Herman can now know that Herman's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joann knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joann can now know whether Bernice can know that Joann's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sarah's card is shown to Sarah. Juanita's card is shown to Juanita. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Juanita can now know that Juanita picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to John. John's card is shown to Richard. Richard's card is shown to Richard. Richard's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to William. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Elaine's card is shown to Elaine. Kimberly's card is shown to Kimberly. Oscar's card is shown to Kimberly. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Elaine can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Frank does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rosetta knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rosetta can now know that Frank can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Karen does not know whether Karen's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Karen can now know whether Claire can know whether Dion's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Shirley knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know whether Mark can know that Shirley's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lucretia's card is shown to Lucretia. Ethel's card is shown to Lucretia. Lucretia's card is shown to Ethel. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ethel knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lucretia can now know whether Ethel picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Christina knows whether Michelle's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Michelle knows whether Michelle's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Christina can now know that Michelle can know that Irene's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dorothy's card is shown to Dorothy. Dorothy's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mary knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Dorothy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Anne does not know whether Anne's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Anne's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Anne can now know that Lena can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bennie knows whether Janice's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agentd knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Linda's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gary knows whether Trina's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Trina can now know whether Gary can know that someone's forehead is muddy.