Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jamie does not know whether Jamie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Helene knows whether Jamie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lavina knows whether Lavina's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jamie can now know whether Jamie's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Theodore's card is shown to Theodore. Virginia's card is shown to Virginia. Theodore's card is shown to Flora. Virginia's card is shown to Flora. Alice's card is shown to Flora. Theodore's card is shown to Alice. Alice's card is shown to Alice. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Flora does not know whether Flora picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Virginia does not know whether Flora picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Virginia can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Catherine's card is shown to Catherine. George's card is shown to Catherine. Andreas's card is shown to Scott. George's card is shown to Scott. Catherine's card is shown to Andreas. George's card is shown to Andreas. Catherine's card is shown to George. Scott's card is shown to George. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Andreas can now know that Catherine can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Donna can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Evelyn knows whether Robert's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Chad can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kerry's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Norma can now know whether Kerry's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ebony's card is shown to Ebony. Bryan's card is shown to Ebony. Ebony's card is shown to Bryan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Bryan picked a black card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] [ ! ~(2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Bryan can now know whether Ebony can know whether Ebony picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ernestina's card is shown to Amber. Amber's card is shown to Emanuel. Loren's card is shown to Emanuel. Ernestina's card is shown to Emanuel. Amber's card is shown to Loren. Loren's card is shown to Loren. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Loren can now know whether Amber picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gregg knows whether Virginia's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Virginia can now know that Virginia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Juan does not know whether Kenneth is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenneth can now know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Thomas's card is shown to Gonzalo. Thomas's card is shown to Thomas. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Thomas knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gonzalo can now know that Thomas can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Katheryn does not know whether Susana is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Katheryn can now know whether Michael can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Gregory's card is shown to Gregory. Gregory's card is shown to Howard. Howard's card is shown to Howard. Jerome's card is shown to Howard. Gregory's card is shown to Jerome. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jerome can now know that Gregory picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Cory knows whether Miguel's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cory can now know that Miguel can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Armando's card is shown to Armando. Mattie's card is shown to Armando. Charles's card is shown to Charles. Mattie's card is shown to Mattie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mattie can now know whether Armando can know that Charles picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Judy's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know whether Judy can know whether Judy's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Esmeralda knows whether Esmeralda's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jessica knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eladia knows whether Esmeralda's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jessica can now know that Eladia can know that Eladia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jeff knows whether Carrie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Carrie can now know that Jeff's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lucille does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Everett knows whether Everett's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lucille knows whether Everett's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Everett can now know that Lucille can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mark does not know whether Kyle is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Asa is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Mark can now know whether Asa can know whether Tiffany is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dennis's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dennis knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Isabel can now know whether Adam can know whether Isabel's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Harvey does not know whether Jason is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Clayton does not know whether Harvey is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Clayton does not know whether Jason is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Clayton can now know that Harvey can know whether Jason is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Franklin does not know whether Franklin's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Adam knows whether Franklin's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Adam does not know whether Adam's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Franklin can now know that Staci can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Giselle's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

Hypothesis: Giselle can now know whether William can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kathleen knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Vincent knows whether Vincent's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Rodolfo can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William knows whether William's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Hugh knows whether Lillian's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Hugh can now know whether Lillian can know that Hugh's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Shelby's card is shown to Shelby. Robert's card is shown to Shelby. Diane's card is shown to Diane. Robert's card is shown to Ann. Shelby's card is shown to Robert. Diane's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to Robert. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Shelby can know whether Ann picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dorothy does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Steve can now know whether Ralph can know that Steve is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Alice's card is shown to Christopher. Christopher's card is shown to Dennis. Alice's card is shown to Dennis. Dennis's card is shown to Alice. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Christopher does not know whether Christopher picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Christopher knows whether Alice picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alice can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carla knows whether Brenda's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Andre's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentc knows whether (Agentd knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Andre can now know whether Carla can know whether Andre's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jesus's card is shown to Harry. Harry's card is shown to Jesus. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jesus does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jesus knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jesus can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Tisha's card is shown to Deborah. Deborah's card is shown to Tisha. Judith's card is shown to Tisha. Alice's card is shown to Judith. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Alice does not know whether Deborah picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Deborah can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marcia knows whether Marcia's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Marcia can now know whether Marcia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Andrew does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Andrew can know whether Andrew's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Leisha's card is shown to Cynthia. Cynthia's card is shown to Maria. Leisha's card is shown to Maria. Francisca's card is shown to Maria. Cynthia's card is shown to Francisca. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Leisha does not know whether Leisha picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Leisha does not know whether Maria picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Cynthia knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leisha can now know that Maria can know that Cynthia picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jess knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Katrina can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mae's card is shown to Ann. Ronald's card is shown to Warren. Mae's card is shown to Ronald. Ronald's card is shown to Ronald. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mae can now know whether Mae picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Abraham knows whether Wanda's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jennifer knows whether Wanda's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Abraham can now know whether Jennifer can know that Wanda's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Letha knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: William can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Timothy can now know that James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marcus knows whether Lisa's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Estelle can now know that Estelle's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lillie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1|2))

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Lillie can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Richard knows whether Richard's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alexandra can now know that Alexandra's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether Kimberly can know whether Kimberly's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that George's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Ashley does not know whether Ashley's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ashley knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: George can now know whether James can know whether Ashley's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bernardo's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Bernardo knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Margaret's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bernardo can now know whether Margaret can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Darren's card is shown to Darren. Thelma's card is shown to Darren. Ashley's card is shown to Ashley. Thelma's card is shown to Ashley. Ashley's card is shown to Charles. Charles's card is shown to Charles. Darren's card is shown to Thelma. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Charles does not know whether Thelma picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Darren does not know whether Ashley picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Thelma can now know whether Ashley can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows that 4)

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Martha can know that Martha's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jerrie does not know whether Ruth is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jerrie can now know that Ruth can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ruby's card is shown to Melody. Manuel's card is shown to Melody. Manuel's card is shown to Manuel. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ruby can now know whether Summer picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Felipa's card is shown to Felipa. Barbara's card is shown to Felipa. Janet's card is shown to Felipa. Felipa's card is shown to Barbara. Barbara's card is shown to Barbara. Janet's card is shown to Janet. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Felipa knows whether Felipa picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Barbara can now know that Barbara picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nancy knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nancy can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Frederick does not know whether Frederick's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Frederick can now know whether Elizabeth can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jack knows whether Jack is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jack can now know that Elizabeth can know that Jack is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nathan can now know that Mary can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Robert knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: David can now know that Robert can know whether David's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Rod can now know that Tony can know whether Tony's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Marguerite does not know whether Marguerite's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Marguerite can now know whether Larry can know that Marguerite's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dan knows whether David's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: David can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Justin's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jonathan knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Charles can now know that Justin can know that Jonathan's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nakia knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agentd knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Nina can now know that Nakia's forehead is muddy.


VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Wilma can now know that Susan can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Fred can know whether Fred's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Denise's card is shown to Myron. Myron's card is shown to Myron. Denise's card is shown to Joseph. Myron's card is shown to Joseph. Denise's card is shown to Cassandra. Myron's card is shown to Cassandra. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Myron does not know whether Joseph picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Denise can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Dustin can now know that Rebecca can know that Mark's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rachel knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Carla can now know that Angela's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nicolette can now know that Shari can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Ellie does not know whether Ellie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that John knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] [ ! (1&2&3&4) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: John can now know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Michael knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Harriette can now know that Michael can know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Barbara's card is shown to Barbara. Adam's card is shown to Charlotte. Kathleen's card is shown to Adam. Charlotte's card is shown to Adam. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charlotte can now know that Kathleen can know whether Kathleen picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gregory knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Adam can now know that Elsie can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sharon's card is shown to Melanie. Sharon's card is shown to Joe. Shirley's card is shown to Sharon. Joe's card is shown to Sharon. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Melanie can now know whether Joe can know whether Melanie picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jeffrey is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Colin can now know whether Jeffrey is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joy does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joy does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joy can now know that Marsha can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jennifer knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Marcus does not know whether Michael is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that Marcus can know that Marcus is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eunice knows whether Chester's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentd knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eunice can now know whether Chester can know whether Chester's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carl's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] Agentb knows that (Agentd knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Virginia can now know that Carl can know that Virginia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Candace's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Leslie can now know whether Candace can know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Christine's card is shown to Kendra. John's card is shown to Kendra. Christine's card is shown to Christine. Kendra's card is shown to John. Christine's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kendra can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Harry's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 4 ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that Harry can know that Michael's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Rachael does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Rachael knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Rachael knows whether Rachael is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Angela can now know whether Rachael can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Judi does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Judi does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Stan knows whether someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Stan can now know that Judi can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mai's card is shown to Theresa. Theresa's card is shown to Mai. Mai's card is shown to Mai. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mai knows whether Mai picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Theresa can now know that Mai picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Julia can now know that Carlos can know that Julia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Michael. Robert's card is shown to Justin. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Justin can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Omar knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joanna can now know that Omar can know whether Omar's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Patricia knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Patricia can know that Robert is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Vicenta does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Manuela knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kevin can now know that Kevin's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Barbara's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Barbara's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Barbara's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! 1 ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows whether 2)

Hypothesis: Susan can now know that Howard can know whether Howard's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Melissa does not know whether Derrick is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lee is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Melissa can now know that Lee can know whether Melissa is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jon's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Isaac's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that Jon knows whether Isaac's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Hugh can now know that Isaac's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Holly's card is shown to Holly. Holly's card is shown to Gregory. Gregory's card is shown to Gregory. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Gregory knows whether Gregory picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Holly can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Bessie knows whether or not nobody is thirsty. It is publicly announced that David does not know whether Bessie is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Bessie is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Elisabeth does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] [ ! 4 ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Adrienne can now know whether David can know whether David is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Virginia's card is shown to Hazel. Sally's card is shown to Opal. Sally's card is shown to Sally. Opal's card is shown to Virginia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Sally does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Hazel picked a black card. It is publicly announced that Sally does not know whether Opal picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sally can now know whether Opal can know that Hazel picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jose's card is shown to Jose. Bernice's card is shown to Michael. Jose's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bernice can now know that Jose can know that Bernice picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nancy knows whether Shawn's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Shawn can now know that Nancy can know that Shawn's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jason knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Jason can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Willie knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether Rose is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that Willie can know whether Rose is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Laura knows whether Laura's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Judy can know whether Laura's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Sherry knows whether Sherry's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Danny can now know that William's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mildred's card is shown to Marjorie. Marjorie's card is shown to David. David's card is shown to David. Sandy's card is shown to David. Mildred's card is shown to David. David's card is shown to Sandy. Marjorie's card is shown to Mildred. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Sandy does not know whether Marjorie picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Marjorie knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mildred can now know whether Sandy can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Abraham knows whether Emily's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kayla can now know whether Emily can know that Kayla's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Sheryl knows whether Thomas's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Sheryl's forehead is not muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Thomas knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Sheryl can now know that Juan's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Evelyn is not thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Otis can now know whether Margie can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Teresa does not know whether Emily is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Emily does not know whether Brian is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jo can now know whether Brian can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Marcus does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lois can now know that Marcus can know that Christina is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joy does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Joy does not know whether Jeanette is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jeanette knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jenifer can now know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Daniel's card is shown to Daniel. Brian's card is shown to Daniel. Aaron's card is shown to Angie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Aaron picked a black card. It is publicly announced that Angie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] [ ! 4 ] (Agenta knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Daniel can now know that Angie picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Eula's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Eula can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to Joseph. John's card is shown to John. John's card is shown to Carol. Carol's card is shown to Carol. Carol's card is shown to Charles. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Charles picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Janice's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Bernard can now know that Bernard's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Delilah knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Delilah knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Delilah knows whether Delilah's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Delilah can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Juana knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Essie knows whether Juana is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Juana can now know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Lester does not know whether Lester's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Norma knows whether Lester's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Norma does not know whether Norma's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Norma can now know that Lester can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Louis does not know whether Louis's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Nancy does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nancy can now know that Louis's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that William's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Tania can now know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Jackson can now know that Linda can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Charles does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Sherry knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Benjamin can now know that Charles can know that nobody is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Donald can now know that Patricia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that David knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brenda can now know that everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Norbert knows whether Ronald's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Iva's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Iva can now know that Iva's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mary does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mary does not know whether Marilyn is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Barbara can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dolly does not know whether Domonique is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Dolly does not know whether Domonique is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dolly can now know whether Domonique can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Fannie knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Alexander can now know that Carol can know that someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether Mary is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Mark knows whether someone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agentd knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Clinton knows whether Lillie's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that James does not know whether James's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lillie can now know that Clinton can know that James's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Roxanne's forehead is not muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gary can now know whether Roxanne can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Gary's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] (Agentb knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Patty can now know that Gary's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that Brent can know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Michelle knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Walter can now know that Michelle can know whether Walter is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Albert knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dennis can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Flora's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Flora can now know that Lori can know whether Lori's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Krista's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

Hypothesis: Krista can now know that Bruce can know that Harold's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Kyle knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Shelly can now know that Samuel can know that Shelly's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Orlando's card is shown to Orlando. Alexander's card is shown to Orlando. Orlando's card is shown to Alexander. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Alexander does not know whether Alexander picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Orlando knows whether Alexander picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Orlando knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Orlando can now know that Alexander can know whether Alexander picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Jaime's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Allen can now know that Jaime can know that Karl's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Nancy's card is shown to Nancy. Nancy's card is shown to Kristopher. Ma's card is shown to Kristopher. Kristopher's card is shown to Kristopher. Nancy's card is shown to Andrew. Andrew's card is shown to Andrew. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ma can now know that Kristopher can know whether Kristopher picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Steven does not know whether Larry is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Larry can now know that Luz can know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Genoveva knows whether Irma's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Genoveva can now know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rachel knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Valerie's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3,4 Agentc:1,2,4 Agentd:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Valerie can now know that Leila can know whether Benedict's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Nancy is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Nancy can now know that Todd is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentd knows that (1|2|3|4))

Hypothesis: Lashawn can now know that Marian can know that someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jane's card is shown to Jane. Ralph's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to Ralph. Ralph's card is shown to Ralph. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ralph knows whether or not nobody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ralph picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! 3 ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Jane can now know that Ralph can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Charles knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Rosalind can now know whether someone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Michelle can now know whether Anthony can know that Lloyd's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Beverly's card is shown to Beverly. Louis's card is shown to Louis. Etta's card is shown to Louis. Beverly's card is shown to Christopher. Beverly's card is shown to Etta. Etta's card is shown to Etta. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Louis does not know whether Beverly picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:1 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,4 Agentc:1 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Beverly can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Amanda is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Amanda can now know whether Susan can know whether or not everyone is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Geoffrey knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Carolyn's forehead is not muddy.

Hypothesis: Lori can now know that Lori's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Shawn knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Candy can now know whether Shawn can know whether Candy is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that 3)

Hypothesis: Jo can now know that Deborah can know that Deborah's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether or not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Connie is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Judy can now know whether someone is thirsty.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jennifer's card is shown to Jennifer. Leona's card is shown to Leona. Jennifer's card is shown to Mary. Leona's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Leona can now know whether Mary can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Jose knows whether Jose is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Eric can now know whether Jose can know whether or not nobody is thirsty.


VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows that 4)

Hypothesis: Cecilia can now know that Michael can know that Cecilia's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Donna knows whether someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Donna knows whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donna can now know that Lauren can know that everyone's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Rita knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gwendolyn can now know that Rita can know whether Gwendolyn's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that not everyone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Timothy knows whether someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kurtis does not know whether Timothy is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Kurtis knows whether or not nobody is thirsty.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kurtis can now know that Ruben is thirsty.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Lyle knows whether Lyle is thirsty. It is publicly announced that Cecil knows whether or not everyone is thirsty.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Cecil can now know that Lyle is thirsty.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. There is a mirror in the room. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joe's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Joe knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1,2,3,4 Agentc:1,2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

Hypothesis: Evelyn can now know that Joe can know that nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Dawn knows whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dawn can now know that Sally can know that Keisha's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Mary does not know whether Mary's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Edna's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Edna can know whether or not nobody's forehead is muddy.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jessica's card is shown to Elizabeth. Robert's card is shown to Elizabeth. Jessica's card is shown to Jessica. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jessica knows whether Jessica picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elizabeth can now know that Robert picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. It is publicly announced that someone's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maria knows whether Alfred's forehead is muddy. It is publicly announced that Maria does not know whether or not everyone's forehead is muddy.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Alfred can now know whether Maria can know whether Maria's forehead is muddy.