Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to Micheal. Jesse's card is shown to Robert. Jesse's card is shown to Jesse. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jesse does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Micheal can now know that Robert can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Glenn's card is shown to Glenn. Inga's card is shown to Glenn. Inga's card is shown to Mable. Inga's card is shown to Inga. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Inga can now know that Mable picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jody's card is shown to Jody. William's card is shown to William. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that William does not know whether Jody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Jody can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ali's card is shown to Patricia. Ronnie's card is shown to Mary. Ali's card is shown to Mary. Ali's card is shown to Ronnie. Ronnie's card is shown to Ali. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jonathan's card is shown to Laura. Laura's card is shown to Jonathan. Jonathan's card is shown to Jonathan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jonathan knows whether Jonathan picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jonathan can now know that Laura picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lula's card is shown to Elsy. Janet's card is shown to Elsy. Lula's card is shown to Lula. Harold's card is shown to Lula. Janet's card is shown to Harold. Harold's card is shown to Janet. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Janet does not know whether Lula picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentd knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elsy can now know that Janet can know whether Elsy picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Paul's card is shown to Paul. Paul's card is shown to Ruth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Paul can now know that Ruth can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Albert's card is shown to Charles. Albert's card is shown to Albert. Albert's card is shown to Joseph. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know whether Charles can know that Charles picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Brett's card is shown to Robin. Regina's card is shown to Robin. Robin's card is shown to Brett. Regina's card is shown to Brett. Regina's card is shown to Homer. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robin can now know whether Regina can know whether Homer picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mindy's card is shown to Mindy. William's card is shown to William. Eric's card is shown to William. Eric's card is shown to Eric. Mindy's card is shown to Robert. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentd knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Robert can now know whether Eric picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Michael's card is shown to David. David's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Michael knows whether Michael picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

Hypothesis: David can now know that David picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jesus's card is shown to Ben. Andrew's card is shown to Ben. Cheryl's card is shown to Cheryl. Cheryl's card is shown to Jesus. Jesus's card is shown to Jesus. Andrew's card is shown to Andrew. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jesus knows whether Jesus picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ben can now know that Jesus picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kristi's card is shown to Jackie. Gary's card is shown to Jackie. Jackie's card is shown to Kristi. Kristi's card is shown to Kristi. Gary's card is shown to Kristi. Jackie's card is shown to Gary. Raymond's card is shown to Gary. Raymond's card is shown to Raymond. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Raymond does not know whether Gary picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Raymond does not know whether Kristi picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gary can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Bruce's card is shown to Pamela. Jefferson's card is shown to Pamela. Vito's card is shown to Pamela. Pamela's card is shown to Jefferson. Jefferson's card is shown to Jefferson. Jefferson's card is shown to Vito. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bruce can now know that Bruce picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joanna's card is shown to Joanna. Donald's card is shown to Joanna. Donald's card is shown to Donald. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Donald does not know whether Joanna picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Donald does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Donald does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donald can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Delilah's card is shown to Carole. Carole's card is shown to Delilah. Richard's card is shown to Delilah. Howard's card is shown to Howard. Richard's card is shown to Howard. Carole's card is shown to Richard. Howard's card is shown to Richard. Richard's card is shown to Richard. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:3,4 Agentd:1,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:3,4 Agentd:1,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Howard can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to Vincent. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Vincent picked a black card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Vincent can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lowell's card is shown to Anna. Anna's card is shown to Lowell. Joseph's card is shown to Lowell. Joseph's card is shown to Joseph. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Joseph does not know whether Anna picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lowell can now know whether Joseph can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Amy's card is shown to Amy. Amy's card is shown to Robert. Amy's card is shown to Alfonso. Robert's card is shown to Donovan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Alfonso does not know whether Alfonso picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Donovan can now know whether Amy can know whether Amy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Chanda's card is shown to Robert. Jose's card is shown to Karl. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Karl picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Louis's card is shown to Clara. John's card is shown to Clara. Cory's card is shown to Cory. Clara's card is shown to John. Louis's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Cory picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(2) ] (Agentb knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Cory can now know whether Louis picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Christopher's card is shown to Pamela. Pamela's card is shown to Christopher. Irma's card is shown to Christopher. Christopher's card is shown to Irma. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Christopher does not know whether Christopher picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Irma does not know whether Pamela picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Pamela does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Irma can now know that Pamela picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Carl's card is shown to Percy. Ola's card is shown to Carl. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Carl can now know that Carl picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Maxine's card is shown to Lacy. Lacy's card is shown to Wilma. Maxine's card is shown to Paula. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Lacy picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Lacy does not know whether Wilma picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Wilma does not know whether Paula picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wilma can now know whether Lacy can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Rachel's card is shown to Kendall. Rachel's card is shown to Rachel. Robert's card is shown to Rachel. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

Hypothesis: Rachel can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Tina's card is shown to Carlene. Scott's card is shown to Scott. Tina's card is shown to Scott. Scott's card is shown to Tina. Tina's card is shown to Tina. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tina picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tina does not know whether Carlene picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tina knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tina can now know that Scott picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lynette's card is shown to Alma. Christopher's card is shown to Alma. Alma's card is shown to Lynette. Alma's card is shown to Christopher. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Christopher does not know whether Lynette picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Christopher can now know whether Lynette picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Yvonne's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Yvonne. Elizabeth's card is shown to Elizabeth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth does not know whether Nellie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Yvonne can now know that Michael can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Greg's card is shown to Greg. Shirley's card is shown to Greg. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Greg can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sara's card is shown to Sara. Dianna's card is shown to Dianna. Sulema's card is shown to Bonnie. Bonnie's card is shown to Bonnie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dianna can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Patrick's card is shown to Patrick. Michael's card is shown to Patrick. Patrick's card is shown to Suzanne. Suzanne's card is shown to Suzanne. Patrick's card is shown to Michael. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jeffrey's card is shown to Jeffrey. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jeffrey knows whether Jeffrey picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jeffrey can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Frank's card is shown to Frank. Patricia's card is shown to Patricia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Charles's card is shown to Charles. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1&2) ] (Agenta knows whether 1)

Hypothesis: Charles can now know whether Charles picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joan's card is shown to Joan. Margaret's card is shown to Joan. Jason's card is shown to Jason. Jason's card is shown to Margaret. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jason does not know whether Joan picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Margaret can now know that Joan can know whether Margaret picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Dixie's card is shown to Mark. Randall's card is shown to Mark. Randall's card is shown to Randall. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dixie can now know whether Mark can know that Randall picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ruth's card is shown to Diane. Joseph's card is shown to Ruth. Richard's card is shown to Ruth. Diane's card is shown to Joseph. Ruth's card is shown to Joseph. Ruth's card is shown to Richard. Joseph's card is shown to Richard. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,2 Agentd:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Diane can now know whether Ruth can know that Ruth picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jewel's card is shown to Beverly. Don's card is shown to Don. Beverly's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Don picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jewel knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3|4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jewel can now know whether Beverly picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Angela's card is shown to Angela. Dorris's card is shown to Angela. Darryl's card is shown to Dorris. Darryl's card is shown to Darryl. Darryl's card is shown to Violet. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Darryl picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Angela picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(1) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

Hypothesis: Angela can now know that Angela picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Tonya. Tonya's card is shown to Glen. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know whether Tonya can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Rick's card is shown to Tyrone. Lydia's card is shown to Tyrone. Tyrone's card is shown to Leon. Lydia's card is shown to Leon. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

Hypothesis: Tyrone can now know that Rick picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Elizabeth's card is shown to Regina. Janice's card is shown to Janice. Harvey's card is shown to Janice. Elizabeth's card is shown to Harvey. Janice's card is shown to Elizabeth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentd knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elizabeth can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sandy's card is shown to Sandy. Curtis's card is shown to Lauren. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Sandy picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Curtis can now know that Sandy picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Michael's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Paul. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Paul does not know whether Paul picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Erika's card is shown to Erika. Bessie's card is shown to Erika. Erika's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Michael. Thomas's card is shown to Thomas. Bessie's card is shown to Thomas. Erika's card is shown to Bessie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3,4 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:3,4 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Erika can now know that Michael can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jimmie's card is shown to Jimmie. Larry's card is shown to Larry. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Larry does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Larry can now know whether Jimmie can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joan's card is shown to Joan. Barbara's card is shown to Barbara. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Barbara does not know whether Joan picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Joan picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Joan can now know whether Barbara picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Audrey's card is shown to Audrey. Charlotte's card is shown to Howard. Earl's card is shown to Earl. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Charlotte does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Earl picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 4 ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 4 ] 0

Hypothesis: Audrey can now know that Charlotte picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Judith's card is shown to Ronald. Anthony's card is shown to Ronald. Ronald's card is shown to Judith. Anthony's card is shown to Judith. Ronald's card is shown to Anthony. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Anthony knows whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Judith can now know that Anthony can know whether Judith picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to Elaine. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elaine does not know whether Elaine picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elaine knows whether or not nobody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (1|2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elaine can now know that Robert can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Daniel's card is shown to Daniel. Cecil's card is shown to Therese. Daniel's card is shown to Cecil. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Daniel does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Therese can now know that Elizabeth picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kenny's card is shown to Anna. Kenny's card is shown to Kenny. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Anna does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kenny can now know whether Anna can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joan's card is shown to Joan. Steven's card is shown to Steven. Joan's card is shown to Neal. Steven's card is shown to Neal. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Steven can now know that Joan picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Richard's card is shown to Richard. Abigail's card is shown to Abigail. Julie's card is shown to Julie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Julie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Abigail can now know whether Julie can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Laura's card is shown to Laura. Patricia's card is shown to Stanley. Jamie's card is shown to Patricia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Patricia does not know whether Patricia picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] (Agentc knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Patricia can now know that Laura picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jill's card is shown to Mark. Mark's card is shown to Jill. Virginia's card is shown to Virginia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Virginia can now know that Virginia picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Gregory's card is shown to Gregory. Shelby's card is shown to Carol. Robert's card is shown to Carol. Gregory's card is shown to Shelby. Shelby's card is shown to Shelby. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gregory can now know that Carol can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jonell's card is shown to Jonell. Jennifer's card is shown to Lawrence. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jennifer does not know whether Jonell picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jonell knows whether or not nobody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jonell does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jennifer can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to David. Jane's card is shown to Robert. David's card is shown to Jane. Jane's card is shown to Jane. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jane can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Judy's card is shown to Katherine. Katherine's card is shown to Judy. Edna's card is shown to Judy. Katherine's card is shown to Edna. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Edna can now know that Katherine can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lucas's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to Lucas. Lucas's card is shown to Lucas. Donna's card is shown to Lucas. Lucas's card is shown to Donna. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: William can now know whether Lucas can know that William picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). David's card is shown to Barbara. Nathan's card is shown to Nathan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Barbara can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Richard's card is shown to Richard. Blanche's card is shown to Laura. Laura's card is shown to Laura. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Blanche can now know that Laura picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Peter's card is shown to Mary. Brian's card is shown to Mary. Peter's card is shown to Mignon. Mary's card is shown to Peter. Brian's card is shown to Peter. Mary's card is shown to Brian. Brian's card is shown to Brian. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mignon does not know whether Brian picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] (Agentd knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,4 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brian can now know that Brian picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Billy's card is shown to Billy. Michael's card is shown to Billy. Billy's card is shown to Michael. Billy's card is shown to Kirk. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kirk knows whether Billy picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Billy can now know whether Michael picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Cliff's card is shown to Brian. Brian's card is shown to Cliff. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Brian knows whether someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] (Agenta knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brian can now know whether Cliff picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Donald's card is shown to Roger. John's card is shown to Donald. John's card is shown to John. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Roger picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lois's card is shown to Peter. Catherine's card is shown to Lois. Nadine's card is shown to Nadine. Catherine's card is shown to Nadine. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:4 Agentc:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nadine can now know whether Lois can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jeff's card is shown to Joy. Patrick's card is shown to Patrick. Patrick's card is shown to Jeff. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Patrick picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] 0

Hypothesis: Joy can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Holly's card is shown to Kristal. Carlota's card is shown to Carlota. Carlota's card is shown to Holly. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kristal does not know whether Kristal picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kristal can now know that Holly can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Crystal's card is shown to Michael. Marlene's card is shown to Marlene. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Marlene picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether Michael picked a red card. It is publicly announced that everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] [ ! (1&2&3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Michael can now know that Crystal can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Larry's card is shown to Larry. Mark's card is shown to Barbara. Barbara's card is shown to Mark. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentc knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Larry can now know that Mark can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Michael's card is shown to Michael. Paul's card is shown to Michael. Denise's card is shown to Michael. Denise's card is shown to Denise. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Paul can now know whether Michael picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Charlotte's card is shown to Charlotte. Dennis's card is shown to Dennis. Yajaira's card is shown to Dennis. Dennis's card is shown to Yajaira. Dennis's card is shown to Debora. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Charlotte does not know whether Dennis picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Dennis picked a black card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:2 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] (Agenta knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:2 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Charlotte can now know that Debora picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Henry's card is shown to Pamela. Geraldine's card is shown to Geraldine. Geraldine's card is shown to Henry. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Geraldine does not know whether Henry picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Geraldine can now know whether Henry can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Gertrude's card is shown to Robert. David's card is shown to Robert. Gertrude's card is shown to Gertrude. David's card is shown to David. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Robert picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Bobby's card is shown to Dorathy. Dorathy's card is shown to Wade. Bobby's card is shown to Wade. Wade's card is shown to Bobby. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Dorathy does not know whether Dorathy picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Dorathy knows whether Bobby picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dorathy can now know whether Bobby picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). James's card is shown to Judy. Judy's card is shown to Louis. Judy's card is shown to James. Louis's card is shown to James. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: James can now know whether Louis picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Angelo's card is shown to Joe. Joe's card is shown to Timothy. Angelo's card is shown to Timothy. Joe's card is shown to Carlos. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Timothy can now know that Carlos picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Angela's card is shown to Angela. Kennith's card is shown to Kennith. Louis's card is shown to Kennith. Edward's card is shown to Edward. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kennith does not know whether Angela picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows that (Agentc knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kennith can now know that Louis can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to Robert. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Robert can now know that Louis picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Arlene's card is shown to Bryan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that John picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: John can now know whether Frank picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Michael's card is shown to Michael. Don's card is shown to Leann. Michael's card is shown to Daryl. Leann's card is shown to Don. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Michael does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentd knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:4 Agentc:1 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Don can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Mary. Margaret's card is shown to Margaret. Margaret's card is shown to Janice. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Mary picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Manuel's card is shown to Margaret. Manuel's card is shown to Manuel. Herman's card is shown to Herman. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Manuel picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Manuel does not know whether Margaret picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 2 ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Manuel can now know whether Herman can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Thomas's card is shown to Thomas. Michael's card is shown to Thomas. Clarence's card is shown to Thomas. Thomas's card is shown to Michael. Michael's card is shown to Michael. Clarence's card is shown to Clarence. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3,4 Agentb:2,3 Agentc:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Michael can now know whether Carl can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Sheila's card is shown to Sheila. Conrad's card is shown to Sheila. Sheila's card is shown to Conrad. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Conrad does not know whether Conrad picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Sheila can now know that Conrad can know whether Conrad picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Faye's card is shown to Claire. Karen's card is shown to Claire. Laurence's card is shown to Karen. Karen's card is shown to Laurence. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Claire does not know whether Claire picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Claire picked a black card. It is publicly announced that Faye does not know whether Faye picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,3 Agentb:4 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(1) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Karen can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kenneth's card is shown to Morgan. Kenneth's card is shown to Kenneth. Morgan's card is shown to Leroy. Kenneth's card is shown to Leroy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Minda can now know whether Morgan can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Anna's card is shown to Anna. Anna's card is shown to Miguel. Chris's card is shown to Miguel. Dorothy's card is shown to Dorothy. Chris's card is shown to Dorothy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows that (~(1|2|3|4)))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,4 Agentc:3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dorothy can now know that Miguel can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Elizabeth's card is shown to Mary. Elizabeth's card is shown to Genaro. Rodney's card is shown to Elizabeth. Genaro's card is shown to Elizabeth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Genaro can now know whether Elizabeth picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Tricia's card is shown to Charmaine. Charmaine's card is shown to Charmaine. Charmaine's card is shown to Zachary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tricia can now know whether Charmaine can know whether Zachary picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Beau's card is shown to Donna. Laura's card is shown to Donna. Beau's card is shown to Beau. Natalie's card is shown to Beau. Laura's card is shown to Beau. Beau's card is shown to Natalie. Beau's card is shown to Laura. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Natalie knows whether Beau picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Laura does not know whether Donna picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2,3,4 Agentc:2 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] Agentd knows whether (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2,3,4 Agentc:2 Agentd:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know whether Natalie can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Joseph's card is shown to George. George's card is shown to George. Joseph's card is shown to Andrew. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Joseph can now know that George picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Renee's card is shown to Renee. Renee's card is shown to Nicholas. Nicholas's card is shown to Nicholas. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Nicholas knows whether Nicholas picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Nicholas can now know that Renee can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ernest's card is shown to William. William's card is shown to Ernest. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ernest does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Ernest does not know whether Ernest picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] (Agentb knows that (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ernest can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Anthony's card is shown to Anthony. Amanda's card is shown to Amanda. Robyn's card is shown to Robyn. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Amanda can now know whether Anthony can know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Elizabeth's card is shown to Virginia. Mary's card is shown to Virginia. Virginia's card is shown to Elizabeth. Virginia's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Elizabeth does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agentc knows that (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Elizabeth can now know that Virginia can know whether Mary picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Eugene's card is shown to Eugene. Eugene's card is shown to Daniel. Warren's card is shown to Daniel. Warren's card is shown to Warren. Daniel's card is shown to Dorothy. Dorothy's card is shown to Dorothy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Dorothy does not know whether Warren picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] Agentd knows that (Agenta knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:3 Agentd:2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Dorothy can now know that Eugene can know that Dorothy picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Susan's card is shown to Susan. Susan's card is shown to Alice. Alice's card is shown to Tara. Tara's card is shown to Tara. Susan's card is shown to Cynthia. Cynthia's card is shown to Cynthia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Susan does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Susan picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Susan does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:1,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Susan can now know whether Cynthia can know whether Alice picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lasonya's card is shown to Lasonya. Lasonya's card is shown to Stuart. Stuart's card is shown to Stuart. Lasonya's card is shown to Darlene. Stuart's card is shown to Darlene. Darlene's card is shown to Darlene. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agenta knows that (~(1|2|3)))

Hypothesis: Lasonya can now know that nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Helen's card is shown to Helen. Emily's card is shown to Helen. Emily's card is shown to Judith. Annie's card is shown to Judith. Judith's card is shown to Emily. Emily's card is shown to Emily. Emily's card is shown to Annie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Helen picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Emily can now know whether Helen can know that Annie picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jaqueline's card is shown to Kerri. Cathy's card is shown to Cathy. Cathy's card is shown to Jaqueline. Jaqueline's card is shown to Jaqueline. Jaqueline's card is shown to Martha. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kerri knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] (Agentc knows whether 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2 Agentc:2,3 Agentd:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3|4))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jaqueline can now know whether Cathy picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Eugene's card is shown to Janet. Eugene's card is shown to Eugene. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Eugene does not know whether Janet picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 1) ] 0

Hypothesis: Janet can now know that Eugene can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Holley's card is shown to Holley. Judy's card is shown to Holley. Judy's card is shown to Annis. Holley's card is shown to Judy. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Judy picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! 3 ] 0

Hypothesis: Holley can now know that Annis can know that Holley picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ethel's card is shown to Tracey. Tracey's card is shown to Donna. Ethel's card is shown to Donna. Donna's card is shown to Donna. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tracey can now know whether Ethel can know that Tracey picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Audrey's card is shown to Audrey. Jody's card is shown to Audrey. Aaron's card is shown to Jody. Jody's card is shown to Aaron. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Audrey does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jody can now know that Audrey can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Lien's card is shown to Lien. Charles's card is shown to Charles. Lien's card is shown to Joseph. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentc knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lien can now know whether Joseph can know whether Lien picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Paula's card is shown to Adriene. Ruth's card is shown to Adriene. Ruth's card is shown to Ruth. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Adriene can now know that Paula can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kathryn's card is shown to Cheryl. Cheryl's card is shown to Kathryn. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Cheryl knows whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Kathryn can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jannie's card is shown to Jannie. Cynthia's card is shown to Jannie. Denise's card is shown to Florence. Jannie's card is shown to Denise. Denise's card is shown to Denise. Jannie's card is shown to Cynthia. Denise's card is shown to Cynthia. Cynthia's card is shown to Cynthia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Cynthia does not know whether Florence picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 Agentd:1,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3 Agentc:1,3 Agentd:1,3,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentd knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Florence can now know that Jannie can know that Jannie picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Ilona's card is shown to Ilona. Brian's card is shown to Ilona. Karen's card is shown to Jennifer. Brian's card is shown to Jennifer. Jennifer's card is shown to Karen. Karen's card is shown to Karen. Brian's card is shown to Karen. Ilona's card is shown to Brian. Jennifer's card is shown to Brian. Brian's card is shown to Brian. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:2,3,4 Agentd:1,2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows that (1&2&3&4))

Hypothesis: Karen can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Percy's card is shown to Percy. Steve's card is shown to Percy. Percy's card is shown to Steve. Yon's card is shown to Steve. Steve's card is shown to Yon. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] (Agentc knows whether (1|2|3))

Hypothesis: Yon can now know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Philip's card is shown to Philip. Charles's card is shown to Philip. Philip's card is shown to Charles. Cynthia's card is shown to Charles. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Philip can now know that Cynthia can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Amanda's card is shown to Amanda. Frank's card is shown to Amanda. Frank's card is shown to Frank. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Frank knows whether or not nobody picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Amanda picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Amanda knows whether Frank picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2))) ] [ ! 1 ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Frank can now know whether Amanda can know whether Amanda picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Edward's card is shown to Edward. Catherine's card is shown to Edward. Catherine's card is shown to Mark. Mark's card is shown to Catherine. Carolyn's card is shown to Catherine. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentc knows whether (Agenta knows whether 3)

Hypothesis: Carolyn can now know whether Edward can know whether Carolyn picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Laura's card is shown to Reginald. Reginald's card is shown to Laura. Mary's card is shown to Laura. Opal's card is shown to Mary. Reginald's card is shown to Opal. Laura's card is shown to Opal. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Reginald does not know whether Opal picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] (Agentb knows that (1&2&3&4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to John. Glen's card is shown to John. John's card is shown to Glen. Glen's card is shown to Glen. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (~(1&2)) ] Agenta knows that (Agentb knows that (1&2))

Hypothesis: John can now know that Glen can know that everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Juan's card is shown to Juan. Juan's card is shown to Vanessa. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Juan knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that (1|2))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Juan can now know whether Vanessa can know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jason's card is shown to David. Brenda's card is shown to David. David's card is shown to Jason. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that (1|2|3|4))

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3,4 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Gregory can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Della. Della's card is shown to Mary. Mary's card is shown to Mary. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Della knows whether Mary picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Della can now know whether Mary can know that Mary picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Erika's card is shown to Erika. Erika's card is shown to Mary. Mary's card is shown to Mary. Sidney's card is shown to Mary. Mary's card is shown to Sidney. Sidney's card is shown to Sidney. Albert's card is shown to Sidney. Albert's card is shown to Albert. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mary knows whether Sidney picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:2,3,4 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:2,3,4 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Erika picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Chris's card is shown to Brad. Brad's card is shown to Brad. Anna's card is shown to Brad. Chris's card is shown to Anna. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3,4 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether 4)

Hypothesis: Chris can now know whether Anna picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Robert's card is shown to Robert. Robert's card is shown to Brenda. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether Brenda picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Robert does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brenda can now know whether Robert can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to Tori. John's card is shown to John. John's card is shown to Teresa. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that John does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] (Agentb knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3&4)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tori can now know whether Teresa picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Charles's card is shown to Charles. Charles's card is shown to Laura. Laura's card is shown to Laura. Laura's card is shown to Margareta. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Margareta knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentb knows whether (~(1|2|3)))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1,2 Agentc:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Laura can now know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Mary's card is shown to Mary. Mary's card is shown to Eleanor. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Mary can now know that Eleanor picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Cathy's card is shown to Laura. Laura's card is shown to Cathy. Laura's card is shown to Wanda. Cathy's card is shown to Wanda. Wanda's card is shown to Wanda. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Wanda knows whether Cathy picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] (Agentc knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1 Agentc:1,2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agentc knows whether 2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Wanda can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Andrew's card is shown to Mary. Shawn's card is shown to Shawn. Andrew's card is shown to Shawn. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Mary knows whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] (Agentb knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:2,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Shawn can now know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Chris's card is shown to Ocie. Scott's card is shown to Ocie. Chris's card is shown to Chris. Chris's card is shown to Gary. Scott's card is shown to Scott. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentd knows that 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2,4 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 Agentd:4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ocie can now know whether Scott can know that Gary picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jerry's card is shown to Jerry. Mark's card is shown to Jerry. Mark's card is shown to Lakisha. Jerry's card is shown to Jean. Jean's card is shown to Jean. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Jean does not know whether Mark picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Lakisha does not know whether Jean picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentb knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,4 Agentb:4 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Lakisha can now know that Lakisha picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Elizabeth's card is shown to Elizabeth. Ronnie's card is shown to Elizabeth. Elizabeth's card is shown to Louis. Pamela's card is shown to Ronnie. Elizabeth's card is shown to Pamela. Louis's card is shown to Pamela. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Louis does not know whether Louis picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Louis does not know whether Ronnie picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Ronnie can now know whether Louis can know whether Ronnie picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Virgina's card is shown to Don. Don's card is shown to Virgina. Virgina's card is shown to Virgina. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Virgina knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Virgina knows whether Don picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Don does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] Agentb knows that (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2)))

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether (1|2)) ] [ ! (Agentb knows whether 1) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Virgina can now know that Don can know whether or not nobody picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Linda's card is shown to Linda. Sean's card is shown to Sean. Sean's card is shown to Gerald. Linda's card is shown to Nellie. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agenta knows whether 4)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:2 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Linda can now know whether Nellie picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). John's card is shown to John. Kenneth's card is shown to John. Kenneth's card is shown to Kenneth. John's card is shown to Paul. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Kenneth does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows that (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! (~(1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: John can now know that someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Hannah's card is shown to Hannah. Geraldine's card is shown to Hannah. Hannah's card is shown to Shawn. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Hannah knows whether someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Hannah does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (1|2|3)) ] [ ! ~(Agenta knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Geraldine can now know whether Hannah can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jayne's card is shown to Susan. Susan's card is shown to John. Beatrice's card is shown to Jayne. Susan's card is shown to Beatrice. John's card is shown to Beatrice. Beatrice's card is shown to Beatrice. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] (Agentc knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:3 Agentb:1 Agentc:4 Agentd:1,2,4 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jayne can now know whether Jayne picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Bryce's card is shown to Bryce. Sylvia's card is shown to Bryce. Bryce's card is shown to Justin. Justin's card is shown to Justin. Sylvia's card is shown to Justin. Bryce's card is shown to Sylvia. Sylvia's card is shown to Sylvia. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agenta knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,3 Agentb:1,2,3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Bryce can now know whether Justin can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). William's card is shown to Brandy. William's card is shown to William. Brandy's card is shown to Terry. William's card is shown to Terry. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Terry does not know whether Terry picked a red card. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Terry does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] (Agenta knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:2 Agentc:1,2 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] 0

Hypothesis: Brandy can now know that William picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Kenneth's card is shown to Kenneth. Andrew's card is shown to Andrew. Guadalupe's card is shown to Guadalupe. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentc knows whether (Agentb knows whether (1|2|3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:2 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Guadalupe can now know whether Andrew can know whether someone picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Saul's card is shown to Saul. Carol's card is shown to Saul. Aaron's card is shown to Saul. Andrew's card is shown to Saul. Saul's card is shown to Carol. Aaron's card is shown to Aaron. Saul's card is shown to Andrew. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] Agentb knows whether (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3,4 Agentb:1 Agentc:3 Agentd:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] 0

Hypothesis: Carol can now know whether Aaron can know that Carol picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Jonathan's card is shown to Rebeca. Rebeca's card is shown to Jonathan. George's card is shown to Jonathan. Rebeca's card is shown to George. George's card is shown to George. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] Agentb knows whether (Agenta knows whether (1&2&3))

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:2 Agentb:1,3 Agentc:1,3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] 0

Hypothesis: Jonathan can now know whether Rebeca can know whether or not everyone picked a red card.


Premise: There are two persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Billie's card is shown to Billie. Billie's card is shown to Grover. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card.

VARS 1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] (Agentb knows that 1)

VARS 0,1,2 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1 Agentb:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2) ] 0

Hypothesis: Grover can now know that Billie picked a red card.


Premise: There are four persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Teresita's card is shown to Carol. Angela's card is shown to Dorothy. Teresita's card is shown to Dorothy. Carol's card is shown to Teresita. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Angela does not know whether Angela picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Carol picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! 1 ] (Agenta knows whether 3)

VARS 0,1,2,3,4 LAW Top OBS Agenta:4 Agentb:3,4 Agentc:1 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3|4) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether 3) ] [ ! 1 ] 0

Hypothesis: Carol can now know whether Angela picked a red card.


Premise: There are three persons. Everyone is visible to others. Each person draws a card, face unrevealed (red or black). Fallon's card is shown to Fallon. Stella's card is shown to Fallon. Tristan's card is shown to Fallon. Tristan's card is shown to Stella. Tristan's card is shown to Tristan. It is publicly announced that someone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tristan does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Tristan does not know whether or not everyone picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Stella does not know whether Stella picked a red card. It is publicly announced that Fallon knows whether or not nobody picked a red card.

VARS 1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] (Agentc knows that 2)

VARS 0,1,2,3 LAW Top OBS Agenta:1,2,3 Agentb:3 Agentc:3 VALID? [ ! (1|2|3) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentc knows whether (1&2&3)) ] [ ! ~(Agentb knows whether 2) ] [ ! (Agenta knows whether (~(1|2|3))) ] 0

Hypothesis: Tristan can now know that Stella picked a red card.