인간 두뇌의 영역 목록

섬네일|right|인간 두뇌의 브로드만 영역
섬네일|다양한 색상으로 강조된 뇌의 가장 유명한 부분
인간 두뇌의 해부학적 영역은 표준 신경해부학 계층에 따라 정렬된다. 기능, 연결 및 발달 영역은 적절한 경우 괄호 안에 나열된다.

마름뇌 (후뇌)

섬네일|발달 중인 인간 두뇌의 배아 척추동물 세분

섬네일|후뇌(hindbrain) 또는 마름뇌(rhombencephalon)는 척추동물의 중추신경계 부분의 발달 분류이다. 여기에는 숨뇌, 다리뇌, 소뇌가 포함된다.

 마이엘렌세팔론 (Myelencephalon) 
 숨뇌 (Medulla oblongata, 연수)
 Medullary pyramids
 Arcuate nucleus
 Olivary body
 Inferior olivary nucleus
 Rostral ventrolateral medulla
 Caudal ventrolateral medulla
 Solitary nucleus (Nucleus of the solitary tract)
 Respiratory center-Respiratory groups
 Dorsal respiratory group
 Ventral respiratory group or Apneustic centre
 Pre-Bötzinger complex
 Botzinger complex
 Retrotrapezoid nucleus
 Nucleus retrofacialis
 Nucleus retroambiguus
 Nucleus para-ambiguus
 Paramedian reticular nucleus
 Gigantocellular reticular nucleus
 Parafacial zone
 Cuneate nucleus
 Gracile nucleus
 Perihypoglossal nuclei
 Intercalated nucleus
 Prepositus nucleus
 Sublingual nucleus
 Area postrema
Medullary cranial nerve nuclei
 Inferior salivatory nucleus
 Nucleus ambiguus
 Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
 Hypoglossal nucleus
 Chemoreceptor trigger zone

뒤뇌
 다리뇌 (교뇌) 
 Pontine nuclei
Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
Chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)
 Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)
 Abducens nucleus (VI)
 Facial nerve nucleus (VII)
 속귀신경 nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII)
 Superior salivatory nucleus
 Pontine tegmentum
 Pontine micturition center (Barrington's nucleus)
 Locus coeruleus
 Pedunculopontine nucleus
 Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
 Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus
 Nucleus incertus
 Parabrachial area
 Medial parabrachial nucleus
 Lateral parabrachial nucleus
 Subparabrachial nucleus (Kölliker-Fuse nucleus)
 Pontine respiratory group
 Superior olivary complex
 Medial superior olive
 Lateral superior olive
Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
 Paramedian pontine reticular formation
 Parvocellular reticular nucleus
 Caudal pontine reticular nucleus
 Cerebellar peduncles
 Superior cerebellar peduncle
 Middle cerebellar peduncle
 Inferior cerebellar peduncle

 넷째뇌실 (제사뇌실, Fourth ventricle) 

 소뇌 
 Cerebellar vermis
 Cerebellar hemispheres
 Anterior lobe
 Posterior lobe
 Flocculonodular lobe
 Cerebellar nuclei
 Fastigial nucleus
 Interposed nucleus
 Globose nucleus
 Emboliform nucleus
 Dentate nucleus

중간뇌 (중뇌)

섬네일|중간뇌의 단면.

 Tectum
 Corpora quadrigemina
 Inferior colliculi
 Superior colliculi
 Pretectum
 Tegmentum
 Periaqueductal gray
 Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
 Midbrain reticular formation
 Dorsal raphe nucleus
 Red nucleus
 Ventral tegmental area
 Parabrachial pigmented nucleus
 Paranigral nucleus
 Rostromedial tegmental nucleus
 Caudal linear nucleus
 Rostral linear nucleus of the raphe
 Interfascicular nucleus
 Substantia nigra
 Pars compacta
 Pars reticulata
 Interpeduncular nucleus
 Cerebral peduncle
 Crus cerebri
Mesencephalic cranial nerve nuclei
 Oculomotor nucleus (III)
 Edinger-Westphal nucleus
 Trochlear nucleus (IV)
 Mesencephalic duct (cerebral aqueduct, aqueduct of Sylvius)

앞뇌 (전뇌)

사이뇌 (간뇌)
섬네일|사이뇌 (Diencephalon, 간뇌)

 시상상부 (Epithalamus) 
 Pineal body (pineal gland)
 Habenular nuclei
 Stria medullaris
 Taenia thalami

 셋째뇌실 (제삼뇌실, Third ventricle) 
 Subcommissural organ
 Circumventricular organs (also Fourth ventricle)

시상

 Anterior nuclear group
 Anteroventral nucleus ( ventral anterior nucleus)
 Anterodorsal nucleus
 Anteromedial nucleus
 Medial nuclear group
 Medial dorsal nucleus
 Midline nuclear group
 Paratenial nucleus
 Reuniens nucleus
 Rhomboidal nucleus
 Intralaminar nuclear group
 Centromedian nucleus
 Parafascicular nucleus
 Paracentral nucleus
 Central lateral nucleus
 Lateral nuclear group
 Lateral dorsal nucleus
 Lateral posterior nucleus
 Pulvinar
 Ventral nuclear group
 Ventral anterior nucleus
 Ventral lateral nucleus
 Ventral posterior nucleus
 Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
 Ventral posterior medial nucleus
 Metathalamus
 Medial geniculate body
 Lateral geniculate body
 Thalamic reticular nucleus

시상하부(hypothalamus) (대뇌변연계) (시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축)
Anterior
Medial area
Parts of preoptic area
Medial preoptic nucleus
 INAH 1
 INAH 2
 INAH 3
 INAH 4
 Median preoptic nucleus
 Suprachiasmatic nucleus
 Paraventricular nucleus
 Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)
 Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
Lateral area
Parts of preoptic area
Lateral preoptic nucleus
Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
Part of supraoptic nucleus
Other nuclei of preoptic area
Median preoptic nucleus
Periventricular preoptic nucleus
Tuberal
Medial area
 Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
 Ventromedial nucleus
 Arcuate nucleus
Lateral area
Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
 Lateral tuberal nuclei
Posterior
Medial area
Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies)
 Posterior nucleus
Lateral area
Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
 Surface
 Median eminence
 Mammillary bodies
 Pituitary stalk (infundibulum)
 Optic chiasm
 Subfornical organ
 Periventricular nucleus
 Tuber cinereum
Tuberal nucleus
 Tuberomammillary nucleus
 Tuberal region
 Mammillary nucleus

 시상밑부 (시상저부, Subthalamus) (시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축) 
 Subthalamic nucleus
 Zona incerta

뇌하수체 (시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축)
 Neurohypophysis
 Pars intermedia (Intermediate Lobe)
 Adenohypophysis

끝뇌 (종뇌) 대뇌 반구
섬네일|

백색질
 Centrum semiovale
 Corona radiata
 Internal capsule
 External capsule
 Extreme capsule

 겉질밑 (피질하) 
 Hippocampus (Medial Temporal Lobe)
 Dentate gyrus
 Cornu ammonis (CA fields)
 Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1)
 Cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2)
 Cornu ammonis area 3 (CA3)
 Cornu ammonis area 4 (CA4)
 Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe)
 Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system)
 Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system)
 Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main olfactory system)
 Lateral and basolateral nuclei (frontotemporal cortical system)
 Extended amygdala
 Stria terminalis
 Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
 Claustrum
 Basal ganglia
 Striatum
 Dorsal striatum (a.k.a. neostriatum)
 Putamen
 Caudate nucleus
 Ventral striatum
 Nucleus accumbens
 Olfactory tubercle
 Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen)
 Ventral pallidum
 Subthalamic nucleus
 Basal forebrain
 Anterior perforated substance
 Substantia innominata
 Nucleus basalis
 Diagonal band of Broca
 Septal nuclei
 Medial septal nuclei
 Lamina terminalis
 Vascular organ of lamina terminalis

Rhinencephalon (paleocortex)
 Olfactory bulb
 Olfactory tract
 Anterior olfactory nucleus
 Piriform cortex
 Anterior commissure
 Uncus
 Periamygdaloid cortex

대뇌 피질 (신피질)
 전두엽
대뇌 피질
 일차운동피질 (Precentral gyrus, M1)
 Premotor cortex
 보조 운동 영역
 전전두피질
 안와전두피질
 Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
 Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
 Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
 Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
 Gyri
 Superior frontal gyrus
 Middle frontal gyrus
 Inferior frontal gyrus
 브로드만 영역: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 32, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47
 마루엽 (두정엽)
Cortex
 Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
 Secondary somatosensory cortex (S2)
 Posterior parietal cortex
 Gyri
 Postcentral gyrus (Primary somesthetic area)
Other
 Precuneus
 Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3 (Primary somesthetic area); 5, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40
 뒤통수엽 (후두엽)
Cortex
 Primary visual cortex (V1)
 V2
 V3
 V4

 Gyri
 Lateral occipital gyrus
Other
 Cuneus
 Brodmann areas 17 (V1, primary visual cortex); 18, 19
 관자엽 (측두엽)
Cortex
 Primary auditory cortex (A1)
 Secondary auditory cortex (A2)
 Inferior temporal cortex
 V5/MT
 Posterior inferior temporal cortex
 Gyri
 Superior temporal gyrus
 Middle temporal gyrus
 Inferior temporal gyrus
 Entorhinal cortex
 Perirhinal cortex
 Parahippocampal gyrus
 Fusiform gyrus
 Brodmann areas: 20, 21, 22, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42
Other
 Medial superior temporal area (MST)
 뇌섬엽
 띠이랑
 Anterior cingulate
 Posterior cingulate
 Retrosplenial cortex
 Indusium griseum
 Subgenual area 25
 브로드만 영역 23, 24; 26, 29, 30 (retrosplenial areas); 31, 32

신경 경로
 Superior longitudinal fasciculus
 Arcuate fasciculus
 Uncinate fasciculus
 Perforant pathway
 Thalamocortical radiations
 Corpus callosum
 Anterior commissure
 Amygdalofugal pathway
 Interthalamic adhesion
 Posterior commissure
 Habenular commissure
 Fornix
 Mammillotegmental fasciculus
 Incertohypothalamic pathway
 Cerebral peduncle
 Medial forebrain bundle
 Medial longitudinal fasciculus
 Myoclonic triangle
 Solitary tract
 Major dopaminergic pathways from dopaminergic cell groups
 Mesocortical pathway
 Mesolimbic pathway
 Nigrostriatal pathway
 Tuberoinfundibular pathway
 Serotonergic pathways
 Raphe Nuclei
 Norepinephrine Pathways
 Locus coeruleus and other noradrenergic cell groups
 Epinephrine pathways from adrenergic cell groups
 Glutamate and acetylcholine pathways from mesopontine nuclei

운동계 / Descending fibers
 Extrapyramidal system
 피라미드로
 겉질척수로 또는 Cerebrospinal fibers
 Lateral corticospinal tract
 앞겉질척수로
 Corticopontine fibers
 Frontopontine fibers
 Temporopontine fibers
 Corticobulbar tract
 Corticomesencephalic tract
 Tectospinal tract
 Interstitiospinal tract
 Rubrospinal tract
 Rubro-olivary tract
 Olivocerebellar tract
 Olivospinal tract
 Vestibulospinal tract
 Lateral vestibulospinal tract
 Medial vestibulospinal tract
 Reticulospinal tract
 Lateral raphespinal tract
 Alpha system
 Gamma system

몸감각계
 등쪽기둥–안쪽섬유띠 경로 (dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway, DCML)
 널판다발 (gracile fasciculus)
 쐐기다발 (cuneate fasciculus)
 안쪽섬유띠 (Medial lemniscus)
 척수시상로
 Lateral spinothalamic tract
 Anterior spinothalamic tract
 Spinomesencephalic tract
 Spinocerebellar tract
 Spino-olivary tract
 Spinoreticular tract

시각계
 Optic tract
 Optic radiation
 Retinohypothalamic tract

청각계
 Medullary striae of fourth ventricle
 Trapezoid body
 Lateral lemniscus

신경
 뇌 줄기
 뇌 신경
 종말 신경 (0)
 후각 신경 (I)
 시각 신경 (II)
 눈돌림 신경 (III)
 도르래 신경 (IV)
 삼차 신경 (V) (1,2,3)
 갓돌림 신경 (VI)
 얼굴 신경 (VII)
 속귀 신경 (VIII)
 혀인두 신경 (IX)
 미주 신경 (X)
 더부 신경 (XI)
 혀밑 신경 (XII)

신경 내분비계
 Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones
 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축 (HPA axis)
 시상하부-뇌하수체-생식샘 축 (HPG axis)
 HPT axis
 GHRH - GH
 시상하부-신경뇌하수체 계통 (Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system)

신경 혈관계
 Middle cerebral artery
 Posterior cerebral artery
 Anterior cerebral artery
 Vertebral artery
 Basilar artery
 Circle of Willis (arterial system)
 Blood–brain barrier
 Glymphatic system
 Venous systems
 Circumventricular organs

신경전달물질 경로

 Noradrenaline system
 Dopamine system
 Serotonin system
 Cholinergic system
 GABA
 Neuropeptides
 Opioid peptides
 Endorphins
 Enkephalins
 Dynorphins
 Oxytocin
 Substance P

 경막 뇌척수막 체계 Dural meningeal system 
 뇌척수액
Brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
 뇌척수막
 경막
 Arachnoid mater
 Pia mater
 Epidural space
 Subdural space
 Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid septum
 Superior cistern
 Cistern of lamina terminalis
 Chiasmatic cistern
 Interpeduncular cistern
 Pontine cistern
 Cisterna magna
 Spinal subarachnoid space
 Ventricular system
 Lateral ventricles
 Angular bundle
 Anterior horn
Body of lateral ventricle
Inferior horn
 Posterior horn
 Calcar avis
 Subventricular zone
 Third ventricle
 Fourth ventricle
Foramina
 Interventricular Foramina
 Cerebral Aqueduct
 Foramina of Luschka
 Foramen of Magendie

대뇌변연계
고포유류 피질(paleomammalian cortex)이라고도 알려진 둘레 계통(limbic system, 변연계)은 주로 중뇌에 있는 대뇌의 내측 측두엽 바로 아래, 시상의 양쪽에 위치한 일련의 뇌 구조이다. 변연계의 일부로 구조를 분류하는 것은 역사적이며 기능적으로 서로 다른 두 구성 요소(따라서 경계를 의미하는 limbus라는 이름) 사이의 경계에 있는 구조의 위치와 감정 과정에서 구조가 공유하는 역할(둘레 계통 참조)에서 비롯된다. 따라서 변연계와 뇌 구조의 다른 분류에는 구조가 중복된다. 다음 영역은 변연계의 일부로 간주된다.

 피질 영역:
 Limbic lobe
 Orbitofrontal cortex: a region in the frontal lobe involved in the process of decision-making
 Piriform cortex: part of the olfactory system
 Entorhinal cortex: related to memory and associative components
 Hippocampus and associated structures: play a central role in the consolidation of new memories
 Fornix: a white matter structure connecting the hippocampus with other brain structures, particularly the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei
 겉질밑 영역(피질하영역):
 Septal nuclei: a set of structures that lie in front of the lamina terminalis, considered a pleasure zone
 Amygdala: located deep within the temporal lobes and related with a number of emotional processes
 Nucleus accumbens: involved in reward, pleasure, and addiction
 사이뇌(간뇌) 구조:
 Hypothalamus: a center for the limbic system, connected with the frontal lobes, septal nuclei, and the brain stem reticular formation via the medial forebrain bundle, with the hippocampus via the fornix, and with the thalamus via the mammillothalamic fasciculus; regulates many autonomic processes
 Mammillary bodies: part of the hypothalamus that receives signals from the hippocampus via the fornix and projects them to the thalamus
 Anterior nuclei of thalamus: receive input from the mammillary bodies and involved in memory processing

둘레 계통에 포함된 다른 영역은 다음과 같다:

 Stria medullaris
 Gudden의 중앙 회색 및 등쪽 및 배쪽 핵

 같이 보기 
 인간의 뇌
 척수
 인체 신경 목록

 각주 

 외부 링크 
 High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases
 View information on various brain regions: images, name in seven languages, location, etc.
 Medical subject headings: Brain. View tree structures of the brain with the MeSH Tree Structures tab.

분류:뇌
분류:인지과학