shlokn/autogkb huggingface dataset:
Article: Cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit polymorphisms are associated with smoking cessation success in women
Gene: CHRNA5
Variant/haplotype: rs2036527
Drug(s): bupropion, nicotine, varenicline
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: no
Association: Allele A is not associated with response to bupropion, nicotine or varenicline in men with Tobacco Use Disorder as compared to allele G.
Notes: No significant effect of genotype on likelihood of male subjects being abstinent from smoking at 6 months after starting pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.
Article: An Evaluation of μ-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) as a Predictor of Naltrexone Response in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: Results From the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) Study
Gene: OPRM1
Variant/haplotype: rs1799971
Drug(s): naltrexone
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: yes
Association: Genotypes AG + GG are associated with increased response to naltrexone in people with Alcoholism as compared to genotype AA.
Article: Prediction of Warfarin Dose Reductions in Puerto Rican Patients, Based on Combinatorial CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Genotypes
Gene: VKORC1
Variant/haplotype: rs9923231
Drug(s): warfarin
Phenotype category: Dosage
Significant: yes
Association: Genotypes CT + TT is associated with decreased dose of warfarin as compared to genotype CC.
Notes: This variant is analyzed along with CYP2C9 variants *2, *3, *5.
Article: Genome-Wide Association Study of Serum Creatinine Levels during Vancomycin Therapy
Gene: PLEKHN1
Variant/haplotype: rs7414551
Drug(s): vancomycin
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: no
Association: Allele A is not associated with trough concentration of vancomycin as compared to allele G.
Notes: The SNP was not associated with trough levels of vancomycin (first vancomycin trough documented in EMR after at least 3 doses vancomycin). Elimination constants were also calculated.
Article: Effects of OPRM1 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on the analgesic effect and dose of sufentanil after thoracoscopic-assisted radical resection of lung cancer
Gene: OPRM1
Variant/haplotype: rs1799971
Drug(s): sufentanil
Phenotype category: Dosage
Significant: yes
Association: Genotypes AG + GG are associated with increased dose of sufentanil in people with Lung Neoplasms and Pain, Postoperative as compared to genotype AA.
Notes: Patients with the GG genotype had significantly increased sufentanil consumption compared to patients with the AA or AG genotypes, while those with the AG genotype had significantly increased compared to patients with the AA genotype.
Article: Patients carrying CYP2C8*3 have shorter systemic paclitaxel exposure
Gene: SLCO1B1
Variant/haplotype: SLCO1B1*5, SLCO1B1*15
Drug(s): paclitaxel
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: yes
Association: SLCO1B1 *5 + *15 is associated with increased exposure to paclitaxel in women with Breast Neoplasms.
Notes: as measured by time above threshold concentration. PM/IM (one or two copies of *5 or *15) = 12.12 h, NM  (*1/*1) = 10.15 h,
Article: Pretransplant 4β‐hydroxycholesterol does not predict tacrolimus exposure or dose requirements during the first days after kidney transplantation
Gene: CYP3A4
Variant/haplotype: CYP3A4*1, CYP3A4*22
Drug(s): tacrolimus
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: no
Association: CYP3A4 *22 is not associated with trough concentration of tacrolimus in people with Kidney Transplantation as compared to CYP3A4 *1.
Article: Association studies of dopamine synthesis and metabolism genes with multiple phenotypes of heroin dependence
Gene: TH
Variant/haplotype: rs10770140
Drug(s): methadone
Phenotype category: Dosage
Significant: no
Association: Allele T is not associated with dose of methadone in people with Heroin Dependence as compared to allele C.
Article: The CTRB1/2 Locus Affects Diabetes Susceptibility and Treatment via the Incretin Pathway
Gene: CTRB1, CTRB2
Variant/haplotype: rs7202877
Drug(s): Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: yes
Association: Genotypes GG + GT is associated with decreased response to Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 as compared to genotype TT.
Notes: "In total, 527 patients were included, from the Dutch DCS West-Friesland and the U.K. GoDARTS studies (Supplementary Table 2). In both cohorts, patients carrying the G allele of rs7202877 near CTRB1/2 showed a significantly smaller decrease in A1C levels after DPP-4 inhibitor treatment compared with TT carriers (n = 354) (Table 2 and Supplementary Tables 5–7). Meta-analysis of both cohorts showed that carriers of the G allele had an absolute 0.51 ± 0.16% (5.6 ± 1.7 mmol/mol) smaller decrease in A1C after adjustment for potential confounders (P = 0.0015) (Table 2). " " In contrast to those treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor, carriers of the rs7202877 G allele treated with a GLP-1 RA showed a response comparable to carriers of the TT genotype (P = 0.58) "
Article: Correlation of MDR1 gene polymorphisms with anesthetic effect of sevoflurane–remifentanil following pediatric tonsillectomy
Gene: ABCB1
Variant/haplotype: rs2032582
Drug(s): remifentanil, sevoflurane
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: no
Association: Genotype AA is not associated with response to remifentanil and sevoflurane in children with tonsillectomy as compared to genotypes AC + CC.
Article: Novel Associations of VKORC1 Variants with Higher Acenocoumarol Requirements
Gene: VKORC1
Variant/haplotype: rs7200749
Drug(s): acenocoumarol
Phenotype category: Dosage
Significant: yes
Association: Genotypes AA + AG is associated with increased dose of acenocoumarol as compared to genotype GG.
Notes: 16 vs 14 mg/week.
Article: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of the MEK1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib, in Asian and Western healthy subjects: a pooled analysis
Gene: UGT1A1
Variant/haplotype: UGT1A1*1, UGT1A1*28
Drug(s): selumetinib
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: no
Association: UGT1A1 *28 is not associated with increased metabolism of selumetinib in healthy individuals as compared to UGT1A1 *1.
Notes: Not associated with AUC, AUC0-12 when allele was assessed within ethnic groups (Asian, White, Black) and when all ethnic groups were pooled together. Only P-values for AUC presented here.
Article: CYP2C9*1B Promoter Polymorphisms, in Linkage with CYP2C19*2, Affect Phenytoin Autoinduction of Clearance and Maintenance Dose
Gene: CYP2C9
Variant/haplotype: rs12782374
Drug(s): phenytoin
Phenotype category: Other, Metabolism/PK
Significant: not stated
Association: Genotype AG is associated with increased metabolism of phenytoin as compared to genotype GG.
Notes: in human liver samples from individuals who did not have CYP2C9*2(rs1799853 T) or *3 (rs1057910 C). Measured by ratio of formation of (S)- and (R)-p-HPPH in vitro.
Article: An Investigational Study on the Role of CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and UGTs Genetic Variation on Fesoterodine Pharmacokinetics in Young Healthy Volunteers
Gene: UGT1A1, UGT1A10, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A5, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9
Variant/haplotype: rs10929302
Drug(s): fesoterodine
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: yes
Association: Genotype AA is associated with increased clearance of fesoterodine in healthy individuals as compared to genotype AG.
Notes: "The UGT1A rs10929302 A/A genotype was associated with a lower AUC/DW compared to the G/A and G/G genotypes (puv = 0.05 and puv = 0.024, respectively; β = −0.441, R2 =0.410, pmv = 0.029) and a higher Cl/F compared to the G/A genotype (puv = 0.027; β = 0.436, R2 =0.409, pmv = 0.031)."
Article: Characterizing variability in warfarin dose requirements in children using modelling and simulation
Gene: CYP2C9
Variant/haplotype: CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3
Drug(s): warfarin
Phenotype category: Dosage, Efficacy
Significant: not stated
Association: CYP2C9 *2/*3 is associated with decreased dose of warfarin in children with Heart Diseases as compared to CYP2C9 *1/*1.
Notes: A model was created to predict maintenance doses for children of different ages, all with a baseline INR of 1 and a target INR of 2.5, based on longitudinal data from children taking warfarin. Due to the nature of the model, the quantitative CYP2C9 allele effects on clearance were assumed to be the same as for adults - n=2 children had the *2/*3 genotype in the data cohort. CYP2C9 genotype, VKORC1 genotype, bodyweight, age, baseline INR, target INR and time since initiation of therapy were all found to be significant causes of warfarin dose variability in children. This association is based on a table presenting results from the model predicting warfarin dose for children of 2, 8 and 14 years old with different rs9923231 genotype and CYP2C9 genotype presented in the paper. CYP2C9*2 was defined as rs1799853 and *3 as rs1057910.
Article: Association of CYP3A4-392A/G, CYP3A5-6986A/G, and ABCB1-3435C/T Polymorphisms with Tacrolimus Dose, Serum Concentration, and Biochemical Parameters in Mexican Patients with Kidney Transplant
Gene: CYP3A5
Variant/haplotype: rs776746
Drug(s): tacrolimus
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: yes
Association: Genotype CC is associated with increased concentrations of tacrolimus in people with Kidney Transplantation as compared to genotypes CT + TT.
Notes: "The findings of this study suggest that the CYP3A5-6986A/G GG genotype is associated with a four-fold-increased likelihood of experiencing serum TAC concentration greater than 15 ng/mL after one month of KT. Co-occurrence of the CYP3A5-6986A/G GG genotype and use of TAC-increasing drugs correlates with a nine-fold-increased susceptibility to increased TAC concentration exceeding 15ng/mL one month after KT. Therefore, close monitoring of these patients is essential due to their increased susceptibility to TAC toxicity." Alleles complemented.
Article: Nicotine oxidation by genetic variants of CYP2B6 and in human brain microsomes
Gene: CYP2B6
Variant/haplotype: CYP2B6*1, CYP2B6*6
Drug(s): nicotine
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: not stated
Association: CYP2B6 *6 is associated with decreased metabolism of nicotine as compared to CYP2B6 *1.
Notes: In vitro study which looked at metabolism of nicotine to nicotine iminium and nornicotine.
Article: Pharmacogenetics-based area-under-curve model can predict efficacy and adverse events from axitinib in individual patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma
Gene: ABCG2
Variant/haplotype: rs2231142
Drug(s): axitinib
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: yes
Association: Allele T is associated with concentrations of axitinib in people with Carcinoma, Renal Cell as compared to allele G.
Notes: The authors develop a prediction model and calculated area under the concentration curve (AUC) using 6 SNPs (rs17868323, rs3832043, rs2231142, rs2032582, rs1045642, rs35305980) was compared with actual AUC in 16 patients prospectively which significantly correlated with the objective response rate (P = 0.0002), hand-foot syndrome, P = 0.0055 and hypothyroidism, P = 0.0381, and correlated with actual AUC (P < 0.0001) - the validation study, calculated AUC prior to axitinib treatment precisely predicted actual AUC after axitinib treatment (P = 0.0066).
Article: Efficacy of piroxicam for postoperative pain after lower third molar surgery associated with CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9
Gene: CYP2C8
Variant/haplotype: rs10509681
Drug(s): piroxicam
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: not stated
Association: Allele T is not associated with response to piroxicam as compared to allele C.
Notes: Subjects had at least one impacted lower third molar extracted. Measurements were taken of 1) postoperative mouth opening (millimeters) was measured pre- and post-op on days 2 & 7 2) and swelling measurements due to edema were recorded and 3) subjective measures of pain. None were associated with the genotype.
Article: Influence of G-protein β-Polypeptide 3 C825T Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to Telmisartan and Amlodipine in Chinese Patients
Gene: GNB3
Variant/haplotype: rs5443
Drug(s): telmisartan
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: yes
Association: Genotype TT is associated with decreased response to telmisartan in people with Essential hypertension as compared to genotypes CC + CT.
Article: Influences of an NR1I2 polymorphism on heterogeneous antiplatelet reactivity responses to clopidogrel and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients
Gene: SLC14A2
Variant/haplotype: rs12456693
Drug(s): clopidogrel
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: yes
Association: Allele T is associated with increased response to clopidogrel in people with Coronary Artery Disease as compared to allele C.
Notes: This variant is associated with increased H4 concentration.
Article: Impact of CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms on tamoxifen pharmacokinetics in Asian breast cancer patients
Gene: CYP2D6
Variant/haplotype: CYP2D6*1, CYP2D6*5, CYP2D6*10
Drug(s): 4-hydroxytamoxifen, tamoxifen
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: no
Association: CYP2D6 *10 + *5 is not associated with concentrations of 4-hydroxytamoxifen or tamoxifen in women with Breast Neoplasms as compared to CYP2D6 *1.
Notes: Patients (pre- (83%) and postmenopausal (17%)) with ER and/or PR positive breast tumors, which received 20 mg tamoxifen daily. Patients taking CYP2D6 inhibitors were excluded. DNA extracted from blood and screened for the following: *2 (2850C>T; rs16947), *2A (–1584C>G), *3 (2549delA; rs35742686), *4 (1846G>A; rs3892097), *5 (CYP2D6del), *6 (1707delT; rs5030655), *7 (2935A>C; rs5030867), *8 (1758G>T), *9 (2615-2617delAAG; rs5030656), *10 (100C>T; rs1065852), *12 (124G>A; rs5030862), *14 (1758G>A), *17 (1023C>T; rs28371706), *29 (1659G>A; rs61736512), *41 (2988G>A; rs28371725) and *xN (dup).  [pre-menopausal][post-menopausal] [adjuvant] [DNA source: blood]
Article: Genome-Wide Association Study of Serum Creatinine Levels during Vancomycin Therapy
Gene: AIDA
Variant/haplotype: rs35684750
Drug(s): vancomycin
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: no
Association: Allele C is not associated with trough concentration of vancomycin as compared to allele A.
Notes: The SNP was not associated with trough levels of vancomycin (first vancomycin trough documented in EMR after at least 3 doses vancomycin). Elimination constants were also calculated.
Article: Effects of SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on plasma estrogen concentrations in women with breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitors exemestane and letrozole
Gene: SLCO1B1
Variant/haplotype: SLCO1B1*1, SLCO1B1*5
Drug(s): estrone sulfate
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: yes
Association: SLCO1B1 *5 is associated with increased estrone sulfate in women with Breast Neoplasms as compared to SLCO1B1 *1/*1.
Notes: prior to treatment with aromatase inhibitors.
Article: Significant Effect of Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and ABCC2 on Clinical Outcomes of Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients
Gene: CYP2D6
Variant/haplotype: CYP2D6*1, CYP2D6*10
Drug(s): 4-hydroxytamoxifen, endoxifen
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: yes
Association: CYP2D6 *10 is associated with decreased concentrations of 4-hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen in women with Breast Neoplasms as compared to CYP2D6 *1.
Notes: Patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy. 98 patients were screened for CYP2D6*4 (1846G>A), CYP2D6*6 (1707delT), CYP2D6*10 (100C>T), CYP2D6*14B (1758G>A), CYP2D6*18 (4125_4133dupGTGCCCACT), CYP2D6*21 (2573_2574insC), CYP2D6*36 (gene conversion to CYP2D7 in exon 9), and CYP2D6*41 (2988G>A) and whole-gene deletion (CYP2D6*5) and duplications (CYP2D6*1-*1, CYP2D6*10-*10, CYP2D6*10-36, and CYP2D6*36-*36). Found genotypes are not specifically reported except for *10. The results were reported as wildtype compared to variant allele. [pre-menopausal][post-menopausal] [adjuvant] [DNA source: blood]
Article: XRCC3 Thr241Met Polymorphism and Clinical Outcomes of NSCLC Patients Receiving Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Gene: XRCC3
Variant/haplotype: rs861539
Drug(s): Platinum compounds
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: not stated
Association: Allele A is associated with increased response to Platinum compounds in people with Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung as compared to allele G.
Article: Contribution of genetic polymorphism in ABCB1 to individual variations of imatinib plasma levels in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Gene: ABCB1
Variant/haplotype: rs1045642
Drug(s): imatinib
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: yes
Association: Genotypes AG + GG is associated with increased trough concentration of imatinib in people with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors as compared to genotype AA.
Notes: Alleles complemented. "For ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), the IM trough concentration (1,271.09±306.69 ng/mL) of rs1045642 C carriers (CT + CC) was significantly higher than of patients with the TT genotype (1,106.60±206.05 ng/mL) (P=0.008) (Figure 1, Table 2)."
Article: An Acenocoumarol Dosing Algorithm Using Clinical and Pharmacogenetic Data in Spanish Patients with Thromboembolic Disease
Gene: CYP4F2
Variant/haplotype: rs2108622
Drug(s): acenocoumarol
Phenotype category: Dosage
Significant: not stated
Association: Allele T is associated with dose of acenocoumarol.
Notes: This variant was significantly associated with acenocoumarol dose, and explained 3.6% of the variability in dose. Clinical variables (Age, BMI, Enzyme inducers status and Amiodarone status) explained 22% of the variability in dose. This study developed an algorithm for acenocoumarol dosing using clinical and pharmacogenetic data.
Article: Effect of CYP4F2 Polymorphisms on Ticagrelor Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Gene: CYP2B6
Variant/haplotype: rs35930845
Drug(s): AR-C124910XX, ticagrelor
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: no
Association: Genotypes CG + GG is not associated with decreased concentrations of AR-C124910XX or ticagrelor in healthy individuals as compared to genotype CC.
Notes: from TABLE 4 Ticagrelor pharmacokinetic parameters based on genotypes without statistical significance and TABLE 5; AR-C124910XX pharmacokinetic parameters based on genotypes without statistical significance
Article: Translesion Polymerase Genes Polymorphisms and Haplotypes Influence Survival of Osteosarcoma Patients
Gene: REV3L
Variant/haplotype: rs462779
Drug(s): cisplatin
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: yes
Association: Genotypes AG + GG are associated with decreased response to cisplatin in people with Osteosarcoma as compared to genotype AA.
Notes: Outcomes measured as event-free survival (p=0.056) and overall survival (p=0.018). Manuscript gives alleles as T and C.
Article: Novel SNP in CYP2C9 is associated with changes in warfarin clearance and CYP2C9 expression levels in African Americans
Gene: CYP2C9
Variant/haplotype: rs7089580
Drug(s): warfarin
Phenotype category: Dosage
Significant: yes
Association: Genotype AT is associated with increased clearance of warfarin as compared to genotype AA.
Article: Low heritability in pharmacokinetics of talinolol: a pharmacogenetic twin study on the heritability of the pharmacokinetics of talinolol, a putative probe drug of MDR1 and other membrane transporters
Gene: ABCB1
Variant/haplotype: rs1128503
Drug(s): talinolol
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: no
Association: Allele A is not associated with clearance of talinolol in healthy individuals as compared to allele G.
Notes: This was a twin study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
Article: Pharmacogenetics of tenofovir clearance among Southern Africans living with HIV
Gene: PRSS53, VKORC1
Variant/haplotype: rs7294
Drug(s): tenofovir
Phenotype category: Metabolism/PK
Significant: no
Association: Allele T is not associated with clearance of tenofovir in people with HIV Infections as compared to allele C.
Notes: Significance threshold was set at 3.3E-3.
Article: CALCA and TRPV1 genes polymorphisms are related to a good outcome in female chronic migraine patients treated with OnabotulinumtoxinA
Variant/haplotype: rs7640543
Drug(s): botulinum toxin type a
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: no
Association: Allele A is not associated with response to botulinum toxin type a in women with Migraine NOS as compared to allele G.
Notes: No significant difference in allele frequency between responders and non-responders.
Article: Gene‐Wide Tagging Study of the Association Between KCNT1 Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility and Efficacy of Genetic Generalized Epilepsy in Chinese Population
Gene: KCNT1
Variant/haplotype: rs11103167
Drug(s): antiepileptics
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: no
Association: Allele C is not associated with response to antiepileptics in people with Epilepsy, Generalized as compared to allele T.
Notes: No significant differences in genotype frequencies were seen between patients who were responsive to antiepileptic drugs (n=279; those who had not experienced any type of seizure for a minimum of 1 year after receiving antiepileptic drugs) and patients who were resistant to antiepileptic drugs (n=204; those who had at least four seizures during the previous year while trying at least three antiepileptic medications at the maximal tolerated doses).
Article: Contribution of Cytochrome P450 and ABCB1 Genetic Variability on Methadone Pharmacokinetics, Dose Requirements, and Response
Gene: CYP2D6
Variant/haplotype: CYP2D6*1, CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*2xN
Drug(s): methadone
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: yes
Association: CYP2D6 *1/*2xN + *2/*2xN are associated with increased response to methadone in people with Opioid-Related Disorders as compared to CYP2D6 *1/*1.
Notes: CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers were significantly overrepresented in responders compared to non-responders, as defined by drug misuse during methadone maintenance therapy. No details about which specific variants/alleles were tested for.
Article: Influence of genetic polymorphisms in P2Y12 receptor signaling pathway on antiplatelet response to clopidogrel in coronary heart disease
Gene: ITGA2B
Variant/haplotype: rs3760364
Drug(s): clopidogrel
Phenotype category: Efficacy
Significant: no
Association: Genotype AT is not associated with increased resistance to clopidogrel in people with Coronary Disease as compared to genotype TT.
Article: Susceptibility to thiopurine toxicity by TPMT and NUDT15 variants in Colombian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Gene: TPMT
Variant/haplotype: rs1800460
Drug(s): mercaptopurine
Phenotype category: Dosage
Significant: no
Association: Genotype CT is associated with decreased dose of mercaptopurine in children with Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma as compared to genotype CC.
Notes: Authors stated "Although no statistically significant associations were identified... In the case of rs1800460, of the six heterozygous patients, three required a dosage decrease, and two were also heterozygous for rs1142345." No TT homozygotes were observed. "Studies with a larger population size are needed"
Article: Evaluating Predictive Pharmacogenetic Signatures of Adverse Events in Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Fluoropyrimidines
Gene: DPYD
Variant/haplotype: rs67376798
Drug(s): capecitabine, fluorouracil
Phenotype category: Dosage
Significant: yes
Association: Genotype AT is associated with dose of capecitabine or fluorouracil in people with Colorectal Neoplasms as compared to genotype TT.
Notes: Clinical data about adverse events were collected from patient records and laboratory charts for 12 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Delays or reductions in the administration of 5'FU or capecitabine due to adverse events were recorded as primary outcomes, and grade 3,4,5 adverse events were analyzed as secondary outcomes. "Dose" here refers to dose modification. Note: the reported parameters for this SNP are really for what the authors refer to as a "DPYD signature" that includes any minor alleles for the following SNPs in DPYD: rs3918290 (T), rs67376798 (A), rs75017182(C), rs56038477 (T).