Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Affreca De Courcy?

Knowledge 1: Affreca de Courcy
Affreca de Courcy or Affrica Guðrøðardóttir was a late 12th-/early 13th century noblewoman.She was the daughter of Godred Olafsson, King of the Isles, a member of the Crovan dynasty.In the late 12th century she married John de Courcy.Affrica is noted for religious patronage in northern Ireland. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Guðrøðr Óláfsson
Guðrøðr Óláfsson (died 10 November 1187) was a twelfth-century ruler of the kingdoms of Dublin and the Isles.Guðrøðr was a son of Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles and Affraic, daughter of Fergus, Lord of Galloway.Throughout his career, Guðrøðr battled rival claimants to the throne, permanently losing about half of his realm to a rival dynasty in the process.Although dethroned for nearly a decade, Guðrøðr clawed his way back to regain control of a partitioned kingdom, and proceeded to project power into Ireland.Although originally opposed to the English invasion of Ireland, Guðrøðr adeptly recognised the English ascendancy in the Irish Sea region and aligned himself with the English.All later kings of the Crovan dynasty descended from Guðrøðr.In the last year of his father's reign, Guðrøðr was absent at the court of Ingi Haraldsson, King of Norway, forging closer ties with the Kingdom of Norway.When Óláfr was assassinated by rival members of the Crovan dynasty in 1153, Guðrøðr returned to the Isles, overthrew his usurping cousins, and seized the throne for himself.Guðrøðr evidently pursued a more aggressive policy than his father, and the following year appears to have lent military assistance to Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain in the latter's bid for the high-kingship of Ireland.Not long afterwards, Guðrøðr faced a dynastic challenge from his brother-in-law, Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll, whose son, as a grandson of Óláfr, possessed a claim to the throne.Late in 1156, Guðrøðr and Somaile fought an inconclusive sea-battle and partitioned the kingdom of the Isles between them.Two years later Somairle stuck again and forced Guðrøðr from the Isles altogether.Guðrøðr appears to have spent his exile in the kingdoms of England and Scotland before journeying to Norway.In about 1161, Guðrøðr distinguished himself in the ongoing Norwegian civil wars at the final downfall of Ingi.Guðrøðr made his return to the Isles in 1164, in the aftermath of Somairle's defeat and death at the hands of the Scots.Although he regained the kingship itself, the territories ceded to Somairle in 1156 were retained by the latter's descendants.At some point in his career, Guðrøðr briefly held the kingship of Dublin.Although he was initially successful in fending off Muirchertach, the Dubliners eventually settled with the latter, and Guðrøðr returned to the Isles.This episode may have bearing on Guðrøðr's marriage to Findguala ingen Néill, Muirchertach's granddaughter.In 1170, Dublin fell to an Anglo-Irish alliance.The following year the ousted King of Dublin attempted to retake the town, and Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht attempted to dislodge the English from Dublin.In both cases, Guðrøðr appears to have provided military assistance against the English.In succeeding years, however, Guðrøðr aligned himself with one of the most powerful English conquerors, John de Courcy.Guðrøðr's assistance to John, who had married Guðrøðr's daughter, Affrica, may have played a critical role in John's successful conquest of the Kingdom of Ulaid.Guðrøðr died in 1187 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Rǫgnvaldr.Although Guðrøðr may have attempted to avert any succession disputes between his descendants, Rǫgnvaldr and his younger brother, Óláfr svarti, eventually fought each other over the throne, and the resulting conflict carried on into later generations.
Knowledge 1: Guðrøðr Óláfsson
Guðrøðr Óláfsson (died 10 November 1187) was a twelfth-century ruler of the kingdoms of Dublin and the Isles.Guðrøðr was a son of Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles and Affraic, daughter of Fergus, Lord of Galloway.Throughout his career, Guðrøðr battled rival claimants to the throne, permanently losing about half of his realm to a rival dynasty in the process.Although dethroned for nearly a decade, Guðrøðr clawed his way back to regain control of a partitioned kingdom, and proceeded to project power into Ireland.Although originally opposed to the English invasion of Ireland, Guðrøðr adeptly recognised the English ascendancy in the Irish Sea region and aligned himself with the English.All later kings of the Crovan dynasty descended from Guðrøðr.In the last year of his father's reign, Guðrøðr was absent at the court of Ingi Haraldsson, King of Norway, forging closer ties with the Kingdom of Norway.When Óláfr was assassinated by rival members of the Crovan dynasty in 1153, Guðrøðr returned to the Isles, overthrew his usurping cousins, and seized the throne for himself.Guðrøðr evidently pursued a more aggressive policy than his father, and the following year appears to have lent military assistance to Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain in the latter's bid for the high-kingship of Ireland.Not long afterwards, Guðrøðr faced a dynastic challenge from his brother-in-law, Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll, whose son, as a grandson of Óláfr, possessed a claim to the throne.Late in 1156, Guðrøðr and Somaile fought an inconclusive sea-battle and partitioned the kingdom of the Isles between them.Two years later Somairle stuck again and forced Guðrøðr from the Isles altogether.Guðrøðr appears to have spent his exile in the kingdoms of England and Scotland before journeying to Norway.In about 1161, Guðrøðr distinguished himself in the ongoing Norwegian civil wars at the final downfall of Ingi.Guðrøðr made his return to the Isles in 1164, in the aftermath of Somairle's defeat and death at the hands of the Scots.Although he regained the kingship itself, the territories ceded to Somairle in 1156 were retained by the latter's descendants.At some point in his career, Guðrøðr briefly held the kingship of Dublin.Although he was initially successful in fending off Muirchertach, the Dubliners eventually settled with the latter, and Guðrøðr returned to the Isles.This episode may have bearing on Guðrøðr's marriage to Findguala ingen Néill, Muirchertach's granddaughter.In 1170, Dublin fell to an Anglo-Irish alliance.The following year the ousted King of Dublin attempted to retake the town, and Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht attempted to dislodge the English from Dublin.In both cases, Guðrøðr appears to have provided military assistance against the English.In succeeding years, however, Guðrøðr aligned himself with one of the most powerful English conquerors, John de Courcy.Guðrøðr's assistance to John, who had married Guðrøðr's daughter, Affrica, may have played a critical role in John's successful conquest of the Kingdom of Ulaid.Guðrøðr died in 1187 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Rǫgnvaldr.Although Guðrøðr may have attempted to avert any succession disputes between his descendants, Rǫgnvaldr and his younger brother, Óláfr svarti, eventually fought each other over the throne, and the resulting conflict carried on into later generations. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Anne de Courcy
Anne de Courcy is an English biographer and journalist.
Knowledge 1: Affreca de Courcy
Affreca de Courcy or Affrica Guðrøðardóttir was a late 12th-/early 13th century noblewoman.She was the daughter of Godred Olafsson, King of the Isles, a member of the Crovan dynasty.In the late 12th century she married John de Courcy.Affrica is noted for religious patronage in northern Ireland. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Henri Roussel de Courcy
Philippe Marie Henri Roussel, count of Courcy (30 May 1827 – 8 November 1887) was a French divisional general.De Courcy was the governor of Nancy in 1881 which was an important place next to Lorraine.De Courcy served as the commander of Tonkin Expeditionary Corps and took part in Tonkin Campaign from 1885 to 1887.He was appointed Protector of Annam.He arrived at Huế in July 1885, summoned Nguyễn Văn Tường and Tôn Thất Thuyết, both were regents of Vietnamese royal court, to his residence for a discussion on the presentation of his credentials to the Emperor Hàm Nghi.Thuyết was inarticulate and was absence on the plea of sick.Tường was good at diplomatic parlance and came to meet de Courcy.After being told that Thuyết was sick, de Courcy's response was that he should have attended the meeting regardless and threatened to arrest him.During the discussion, de Courcy demanded that the central gate should be opened to let French troops go through, and that the Emperor would have to come down from his throne to greet him.Tường replied it was against the principles of Confucianism rite, and demanded that French soldiers should go through side gates, but was rejected by him.Empress Dowager Từ Dụ sent gifts to de Courcy in order to persuade him but was also rejected.Thuyết launched a failure ambush against French and was defeated by him.Thuyết and Hàm Nghi escaped from Huế and took refuge in a mountainous military base in Tân Sở.There, Hàm Nghi called on his people to revolt against French colonists.A large-scale Vietnamese insurgency which now called Cần Vương movement spread throughout the whole Vietnam until 1889.During the emperor's absence, de Courcy appointed Nguyễn Phúc Miên Định (Prince Thọ Xuân)as puppet "Prince Regent" , and appointed Nguyễn Hữu Độ, Phan Đình Bình, Nguyễn Văn Tường as Grand Secretaries.In September, he exiled Tường to Poulo Condore, and installed Đồng Khánh as new emperor.De Courcy failed to put down Cần Vương insurgency, and was replaced by Paul Bert in April 1886.He came back to France, and died in Paris in the next year.

Answer: Óláfr