Question: Who is the mother of Edward I Of England?

Knowledge 1: Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots , was King of England from 1272 to 1307.Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as The Lord Edward.The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons.In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford.After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War.After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.Within two years the rebellion was extinguished and, with England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land.Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died.Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 19 August.Edward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law.Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law.Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs.After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276–77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282–83 with a full-scale war of conquest.After a successful campaign, he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people.Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland.Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom.The war that followed continued after Edward's death, even though the English seemed victorious at several points.Simultaneously, Edward found himself at war with France (a Scottish ally) after the French king Philip IV had confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, which until then had been held in personal union with the Kingdom of England.Although Edward recovered his duchy, this conflict relieved English military pressure against Scotland.At the same time there were problems at home.In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition.These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled.When the King died in 1307, he left to his son Edward II an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.EdwardI was a tall man (6'2") for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks".He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries.Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith.Modern historians are divided on their assessment of EdwardI: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility.Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes.At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Welsh and Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England.The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it was over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1657. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Henry III of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death.The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War.Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217.Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225, which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons.His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches, who re-established royal authority after the war.In 1230, the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father, but the invasion was a debacle.A revolt led by William Marshal's son, Richard Marshal, broke out in 1232, ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church.Following the revolt, Henry ruled England personally, rather than governing through senior ministers.He travelled less than previous monarchs, investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles.He married Eleanor of Provence, with whom he had five children.Henry was known for his piety, holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor, whom he adopted as his patron saint.He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England, ultimately crippling their ability to do business, and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened, he introduced the Statute of Jewry, attempting to segregate the community.In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family's lands in France, he invaded Poitou in 1242, leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg.After this, Henry relied on diplomacy, cultivating an alliance with Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.Henry supported his brother Richard of Cornwall in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256, but was unable to place his own son Edmund Crouchback on the throne of Sicily, despite investing large amounts of money.He planned to go on crusade to the Levant, but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony.By 1258, Henry's rule was increasingly unpopular, the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers, the Lusignans, as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts.A coalition of his barons, initially probably backed by Eleanor, seized power in a coup d'état and expelled the Poitevins from England, reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford.Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259, under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony.The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stable government and instability across England continued.In 1263, one of the more radical barons, Simon de Montfort, seized power, resulting in the Second Barons' War.Henry persuaded Louis to support his cause and mobilised an army.The Battle of Lewes occurred in 1264, where Henry was defeated and taken prisoner.Henry's eldest son, Edward, escaped from captivity to defeat de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham the following year and freed his father.Henry initially enacted a harsh revenge on the remaining rebels, but was persuaded by the Church to mollify his policies through the Dictum of Kenilworth.Reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures, including further suppression of the Jews, to maintain baronial and popular support.Henry died in 1272, leaving Edward as his successor.He was buried in Westminster Abbey, which he had rebuilt in the second half of his reign, and was moved to his current tomb in 1290.Some miracles were declared after his death; however, he was not canonised.
Knowledge 1: Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots , was King of England from 1272 to 1307.Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as The Lord Edward.The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons.In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford.After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War.After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.Within two years the rebellion was extinguished and, with England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land.Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died.Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 19 August.Edward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law.Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law.Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs.After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276–77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282–83 with a full-scale war of conquest.After a successful campaign, he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people.Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland.Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom.The war that followed continued after Edward's death, even though the English seemed victorious at several points.Simultaneously, Edward found himself at war with France (a Scottish ally) after the French king Philip IV had confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, which until then had been held in personal union with the Kingdom of England.Although Edward recovered his duchy, this conflict relieved English military pressure against Scotland.At the same time there were problems at home.In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition.These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled.When the King died in 1307, he left to his son Edward II an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.EdwardI was a tall man (6'2") for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks".He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries.Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith.Modern historians are divided on their assessment of EdwardI: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility.Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes.At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Welsh and Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England.The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it was over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1657. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Irene Baker
Edith Irene Bailey Baker( November 17, 1901 – April 2, 1994) was an American politician and a United States Representative from Tennessee.She was the widow of Howard Baker Sr. and the stepmother of Howard Baker Jr.
Knowledge 1: Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots , was King of England from 1272 to 1307.Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as The Lord Edward.The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons.In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford.After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War.After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.Within two years the rebellion was extinguished and, with England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land.Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died.Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 19 August.Edward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law.Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law.Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs.After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276–77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282–83 with a full-scale war of conquest.After a successful campaign, he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people.Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland.Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom.The war that followed continued after Edward's death, even though the English seemed victorious at several points.Simultaneously, Edward found himself at war with France (a Scottish ally) after the French king Philip IV had confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, which until then had been held in personal union with the Kingdom of England.Although Edward recovered his duchy, this conflict relieved English military pressure against Scotland.At the same time there were problems at home.In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition.These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled.When the King died in 1307, he left to his son Edward II an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.EdwardI was a tall man (6'2") for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks".He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries.Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith.Modern historians are divided on their assessment of EdwardI: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility.Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes.At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Welsh and Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England.The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it was over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1657. [SEP] Knowledge 2: May Green Hinckley
May Green Hinckley( May 1, 1881 – May 2, 1943) was the third general president of the Primary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints( LDS Church) from 1940 until her death.She was the stepmother of Gordon B. Hinckley, fifteenth president of the LDS Church.

Answer: Eleanor of Provence