Question: Which film came out first, Maangamizi: The Ancient One or Cane Toads: An Unnatural History?

Knowledge 1: Maangamizi: The Ancient One
Maangamizi:The Ancient One is a 2001 American / Tanzanian drama film directed by Martin Mhando and Ron Mulvihill and executive produced by Jonathan Demme.It premiered at the Pan African Film Festival and has played in over 55 Film Festivals worldwide.It was the Tanzanian submission for the Academy Award for Best foreign language film, the first, and as of 2016, only, film to be submitted from that country, but was not nominated. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Cane Toads: An Unnatural History
Cane Toads:An Unnatural History( 1988) is a 47- minute documentary film about the introduction of Cane Toads to Australia.Cane Toads were introduced to Australia with the aim of controlling a sugar cane pest, the cane beetle, but they over-multiplied and became a serious problem in the Australian ecosystem.It is often humorous, and is used in high schools and colleges as a complement to curricula in biology, ecology, environmental science, anthropology, geography, and communication.It was filmed in Cairns and Gordonvale in Queensland.The film was nominated for a BAFTA Film Award for Best Short Film.It is distributed in the United States by Radio Pictures.Unusual for a film considered a cult classic," Cane Toads" performed very well during its theatrical release.For almost 20 years" Cane Toads: An Unnatural History" held the title of top grossing non-IMAX documentary for the Australian box office.It remains easily in the top ten today even with the IMAX films included.Released in March 1988, it is recorded as bringing in$ 613,910 Australian dollars( not adjusted for inflation).
Knowledge 1: Maangamizi: The Ancient One
Maangamizi:The Ancient One is a 2001 American / Tanzanian drama film directed by Martin Mhando and Ron Mulvihill and executive produced by Jonathan Demme.It premiered at the Pan African Film Festival and has played in over 55 Film Festivals worldwide.It was the Tanzanian submission for the Academy Award for Best foreign language film, the first, and as of 2016, only, film to be submitted from that country, but was not nominated. [SEP] Knowledge 2: Adaptations of Australian animals to cane toads
Cane toads are a toxic anuran, native to South and Central America.In Australia, cane toads are an invasive species and pose a threat to the population viability of native anurophagous Australian predators and scavengers.The primary mechanism of impact cane toads have on Australian ecosystems is through poisoning of native species.The parotoid gland on either side of the head of a cane toad produces a secretion containing bufadienolides that is toxic to most animals.This chemical defence does not exist in any native Australian anuran.Consequently, many native animals that prey on anurans experienced significant population decline, immediately following the invasion of the toad species in Australia.Whilst the invasion of cane toads has had devastating impacts on the populations of native predators in many Australian ecosystems in which the species has spread, it is unlikely that cane toads are solely responsible for the extinction of any native species.Furthermore, many of the populations that initially experienced a decline following the invasion of cane toads, have subsequently been observed to recover.The persistence of these populations suggests that over time, native predator species have adapted to the presence of the cane toad.Native predators may have adjusted to the ubiety of the toxic anuran through learning or as a result of evolutionary selective pressures applied by the invader.
Knowledge 1: Cane Toads: An Unnatural History
Cane Toads:An Unnatural History( 1988) is a 47- minute documentary film about the introduction of Cane Toads to Australia.Cane Toads were introduced to Australia with the aim of controlling a sugar cane pest, the cane beetle, but they over-multiplied and became a serious problem in the Australian ecosystem.It is often humorous, and is used in high schools and colleges as a complement to curricula in biology, ecology, environmental science, anthropology, geography, and communication.It was filmed in Cairns and Gordonvale in Queensland.The film was nominated for a BAFTA Film Award for Best Short Film.It is distributed in the United States by Radio Pictures.Unusual for a film considered a cult classic," Cane Toads" performed very well during its theatrical release.For almost 20 years" Cane Toads: An Unnatural History" held the title of top grossing non-IMAX documentary for the Australian box office.It remains easily in the top ten today even with the IMAX films included.Released in March 1988, it is recorded as bringing in$ 613,910 Australian dollars( not adjusted for inflation). [SEP] Knowledge 2: Adaptations of Australian animals to cane toads
Cane toads are a toxic anuran, native to South and Central America.In Australia, cane toads are an invasive species and pose a threat to the population viability of native anurophagous Australian predators and scavengers.The primary mechanism of impact cane toads have on Australian ecosystems is through poisoning of native species.The parotoid gland on either side of the head of a cane toad produces a secretion containing bufadienolides that is toxic to most animals.This chemical defence does not exist in any native Australian anuran.Consequently, many native animals that prey on anurans experienced significant population decline, immediately following the invasion of the toad species in Australia.Whilst the invasion of cane toads has had devastating impacts on the populations of native predators in many Australian ecosystems in which the species has spread, it is unlikely that cane toads are solely responsible for the extinction of any native species.Furthermore, many of the populations that initially experienced a decline following the invasion of cane toads, have subsequently been observed to recover.The persistence of these populations suggests that over time, native predator species have adapted to the presence of the cane toad.Native predators may have adjusted to the ubiety of the toxic anuran through learning or as a result of evolutionary selective pressures applied by the invader.

Answer: Cane Toads: An Unnatural History