the goldman sachs group , inc . and subsidiaries management 2019s discussion and analysis net revenues the table below presents our net revenues by line item in the consolidated statements of earnings. .

year ended december 2017: investment banking: 7371
investment management: 5803
commissions and fees: 3051
market making: 7660
other principal transactions: 5256
totalnon-interestrevenues: 29141
interest income: 13113
interest expense: 10181
net interest income: 2932
total net revenues: 32073
year ended december 2016: investment banking: 6273
investment management: 5407
commissions and fees: 3208
market making: 9933
other principal transactions: 3200
totalnon-interestrevenues: 28021
interest income: 9691
interest expense: 7104
net interest income: 2587
total net revenues: 30608
year ended december 2015: investment banking: 7027
investment management: 5868
commissions and fees: 3320
market making: 9523
other principal transactions: 5018
totalnon-interestrevenues: 30756
interest income: 8452
interest expense: 5388
net interest income: 3064
total net revenues: 33820

in the table above : 2030 investment banking consists of revenues ( excluding net interest ) from financial advisory and underwriting assignments , as well as derivative transactions directly related to these assignments . these activities are included in our investment banking segment . 2030 investment management consists of revenues ( excluding net interest ) from providing investment management services to a diverse set of clients , as well as wealth advisory services and certain transaction services to high-net-worth individuals and families . these activities are included in our investment management segment . 2030 commissions and fees consists of revenues from executing and clearing client transactions on major stock , options and futures exchanges worldwide , as well as over-the-counter ( otc ) transactions . these activities are included in our institutional client services and investment management segments . 2030 market making consists of revenues ( excluding net interest ) from client execution activities related to making markets in interest rate products , credit products , mortgages , currencies , commodities and equity products . these activities are included in our institutional client services segment . 2030 other principal transactions consists of revenues ( excluding net interest ) from our investing activities and the origination of loans to provide financing to clients . in addition , other principal transactions includes revenues related to our consolidated investments . these activities are included in our investing & lending segment . operating environment . during 2017 , generally higher asset prices and tighter credit spreads were supportive of industry-wide underwriting activities , investment management performance and other principal transactions . however , low levels of volatility in equity , fixed income , currency and commodity markets continued to negatively affect our market-making activities , particularly in fixed income , currency and commodity products . the price of natural gas decreased significantly during 2017 , while the price of oil increased compared with the end of 2016 . if the trend of low volatility continues over the long term and market-making activity levels remain low , or if investment banking activity levels , asset prices or assets under supervision decline , net revenues would likely be negatively impacted . see 201csegment operating results 201d below for further information about the operating environment and material trends and uncertainties that may impact our results of operations . the first half of 2016 included challenging trends in the operating environment for our business activities including concerns and uncertainties about global economic growth , central bank activity and the political uncertainty and economic implications surrounding the potential exit of the u.k . from the e.u . during the second half of 2016 , the operating environment improved , as global equity markets steadily increased and investment grade and high-yield credit spreads tightened . these trends provided a more favorable backdrop for our business activities . 2017 versus 2016 net revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 32.07 billion for 2017 , 5% ( 5 % ) higher than 2016 , due to significantly higher other principal transactions revenues , and higher investment banking revenues , investment management revenues and net interest income . these increases were partially offset by significantly lower market making revenues and lower commissions and fees . non-interest revenues . investment banking revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 7.37 billion for 2017 , 18% ( 18 % ) higher than 2016 . revenues in financial advisory were higher compared with 2016 , reflecting an increase in completed mergers and acquisitions transactions . revenues in underwriting were significantly higher compared with 2016 , due to significantly higher revenues in both debt underwriting , primarily reflecting an increase in industry-wide leveraged finance activity , and equity underwriting , reflecting an increase in industry-wide secondary offerings . 52 goldman sachs 2017 form 10-k .

Questions:
what was the total net revenue in 2017?
and in 2016?
so what was the change in this value during these years?
so what was the growth rate during this time?

Answers:
32073
30608
1465
4.8%