management 2019s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations state street corporation | 90 table 30 : total deposits average balance december 31 years ended december 31 .

december 31 2017 (1): client deposits: 180149
wholesale cds: 4747
total deposits: 184896
december 31 2016: client deposits: 176693
wholesale cds: 10470
total deposits: 187163
december 31 2017 (2): client deposits: 158996
wholesale cds: 4812
total deposits: 163808
2016: client deposits: 156029
wholesale cds: 14456
total deposits: 170485

short-term funding our on-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management strategy . these assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets , but more importantly , they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales . in addition , our access to the global capital markets gives us the ability to source incremental funding at reasonable rates of interest from wholesale investors . as discussed earlier under 201casset liquidity , 201d state street bank's membership in the fhlb allows for advances of liquidity with varying terms against high-quality collateral . short-term secured funding also comes in the form of securities lent or sold under agreements to repurchase . these transactions are short-term in nature , generally overnight , and are collateralized by high-quality investment securities . these balances were $ 2.84 billion and $ 4.40 billion as of december 31 , 2017 and december 31 , 2016 , respectively . state street bank currently maintains a line of credit with a financial institution of cad 1.40 billion , or approximately $ 1.11 billion as of december 31 , 2017 , to support its canadian securities processing operations . the line of credit has no stated termination date and is cancelable by either party with prior notice . as of december 31 , 2017 , there was no balance outstanding on this line of credit . long-term funding we have the ability to issue debt and equity securities under our current universal shelf registration to meet current commitments and business needs , including accommodating the transaction and cash management needs of our clients . in addition , state street bank , a wholly owned subsidiary of the parent company , also has authorization to issue up to $ 5 billion in unsecured senior debt and an additional $ 500 million of subordinated debt . agency credit ratings our ability to maintain consistent access to liquidity is fostered by the maintenance of high investment-grade ratings as measured by the major independent credit rating agencies . factors essential to maintaining high credit ratings include : 2022 diverse and stable core earnings ; 2022 relative market position ; 2022 strong risk management ; 2022 strong capital ratios ; 2022 diverse liquidity sources , including the global capital markets and client deposits ; 2022 strong liquidity monitoring procedures ; and 2022 preparedness for current or future regulatory developments . high ratings limit borrowing costs and enhance our liquidity by : 2022 providing assurance for unsecured funding and depositors ; 2022 increasing the potential market for our debt and improving our ability to offer products ; 2022 serving markets ; and 2022 engaging in transactions in which clients value high credit ratings . a downgrade or reduction of our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity by restricting our ability to access the capital markets , which could increase the related cost of funds . in turn , this could cause the sudden and large-scale withdrawal of unsecured deposits by our clients , which could lead to draw-downs of unfunded commitments to extend credit or trigger requirements under securities purchase commitments ; or require additional collateral or force terminations of certain trading derivative contracts . a majority of our derivative contracts have been entered into under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require us to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in our credit ratings . we assess the impact of these arrangements by determining the collateral that would be required assuming a downgrade by all rating agencies . the additional collateral or termination payments related to our net derivative liabilities under these arrangements that could have been called by counterparties in the event of a downgrade in our credit ratings below levels specified in the agreements is disclosed in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included under item 8 , financial statements and supplementary data , of this form 10-k . other funding sources , such as secured financing transactions and other margin requirements , for which there are no explicit triggers , could also be adversely affected. .

Questions:
what was the value of client deposits at the end of 2017?
what was the value at the end of 2018?
what was the change in value?
what again was the value at the end of 2018?
what was the percent change?

Answers:
180149
176693
3456
176693
2.0%