table of contents statutory surplus the table below sets forth statutory surplus for the company 2019s insurance companies as of december 31 , 2012 and 2011: .

2012: u.s . life insurance subsidiaries includes domestic captive insurance subsidiaries: 6410
property and casualty insurance subsidiaries: 7645
total: 14055
2011: u.s . life insurance subsidiaries includes domestic captive insurance subsidiaries: 7388
property and casualty insurance subsidiaries: 7412
total: 14800

statutory capital and surplus for the u.s . life insurance subsidiaries , including domestic captive insurance subsidiaries , decreased by $ 978 , primarily due to variable annuity surplus impacts of approximately $ 425 , a $ 200 increase in reserves on a change in valuation basis , $ 200 transfer of the mutual funds business from the u.s . life insurance companies to the life holding company , and an increase in the asset valuation reserve of $ 115 . as a result of the january 2013 statutory gain from the sale of the retirement plans and individual life businesses , the company's pro forma january 2 , 2013 u.s . life statutory surplus was estimated to be $ 8.1 billion , before approximately $ 1.5 billion in extraordinary dividends and return of capital to hfsg holding company . statutory capital and surplus for the property and casualty insurance subsidiaries increased by $ 233 , primarily due to statutory net income , after tax , of $ 727 , unrealized gains of $ 249 , and an increase in statutory admitted deferred tax assets of $ 77 , capital contributions of $ 14 , and an increase of statutory admitted assets of $ 7 , partially offset by dividends to the hfsg holding company of $ 841 . both net income and dividends are net of interest payments and dividends , respectively , on an intercompany note between hartford holdings , inc . and hartford fire insurance company . the company also holds regulatory capital and surplus for its operations in japan . under the accounting practices and procedures governed by japanese regulatory authorities , the company 2019s statutory capital and surplus was $ 1.1 billion and $ 1.3 billion as of december 31 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively . statutory capital the company 2019s stockholders 2019 equity , as prepared using u.s . generally accepted accounting principles ( 201cu.s . gaap 201d ) was $ 22.4 billion as of december 31 , 2012 . the company 2019s estimated aggregate statutory capital and surplus , as prepared in accordance with the national association of insurance commissioners 2019 accounting practices and procedures manual ( 201cu.s . stat 201d ) was $ 14.1 billion as of december 31 , 2012 . significant differences between u.s . gaap stockholders 2019 equity and aggregate statutory capital and surplus prepared in accordance with u.s . stat include the following : 2022 u.s . stat excludes equity of non-insurance and foreign insurance subsidiaries not held by u.s . insurance subsidiaries . 2022 costs incurred by the company to acquire insurance policies are deferred under u.s . gaap while those costs are expensed immediately under u.s . 2022 temporary differences between the book and tax basis of an asset or liability which are recorded as deferred tax assets are evaluated for recoverability under u.s . gaap while those amounts deferred are subject to limitations under u.s . stat . 2022 the assumptions used in the determination of life benefit reserves is prescribed under u.s . stat , while the assumptions used under u.s . gaap are generally the company 2019s best estimates . the methodologies for determining life insurance reserve amounts may also be different . for example , reserving for living benefit reserves under u.s . stat is generally addressed by the commissioners 2019 annuity reserving valuation methodology and the related actuarial guidelines , while under u.s . gaap , those same living benefits may be considered embedded derivatives and recorded at fair value or they may be considered sop 03-1 reserves . the sensitivity of these life insurance reserves to changes in equity markets , as applicable , will be different between u.s . gaap and u.s . stat . 2022 the difference between the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity and other investments , net of tax , is recorded as an increase or decrease to the carrying value of the related asset and to equity under u.s . gaap , while u.s . stat only records certain securities at fair value , such as equity securities and certain lower rated bonds required by the naic to be recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value . 2022 u.s . stat for life insurance companies establishes a formula reserve for realized and unrealized losses due to default and equity risks associated with certain invested assets ( the asset valuation reserve ) , while u.s . gaap does not . also , for those realized gains and losses caused by changes in interest rates , u.s . stat for life insurance companies defers and amortizes the gains and losses , caused by changes in interest rates , into income over the original life to maturity of the asset sold ( the interest maintenance reserve ) while u.s . gaap does not . 2022 goodwill arising from the acquisition of a business is tested for recoverability on an annual basis ( or more frequently , as necessary ) for u.s . gaap , while under u.s . stat goodwill is amortized over a period not to exceed 10 years and the amount of goodwill is limited. .

Questions:
what was the statutory surplus in 2012?
and what was it in 2011?
what was, then, the change over the year?
and how much does this change represent in relation to the 2011 statutory surplus, in percentage?

Answers:
14055
14800
-745
-5.0%