the goldman sachs group , inc . and subsidiaries management 2019s discussion and analysis net revenues the table below presents our net revenues by line item in the consolidated statements of earnings. .

year ended december 2017: investment banking: 7371
investment management: 5803
commissions and fees: 3051
market making: 7660
other principal transactions: 5256
totalnon-interestrevenues: 29141
interest income: 13113
interest expense: 10181
net interest income: 2932
total net revenues: 32073
year ended december 2016: investment banking: 6273
investment management: 5407
commissions and fees: 3208
market making: 9933
other principal transactions: 3200
totalnon-interestrevenues: 28021
interest income: 9691
interest expense: 7104
net interest income: 2587
total net revenues: 30608
year ended december 2015: investment banking: 7027
investment management: 5868
commissions and fees: 3320
market making: 9523
other principal transactions: 5018
totalnon-interestrevenues: 30756
interest income: 8452
interest expense: 5388
net interest income: 3064
total net revenues: 33820

in the table above : 2030 investment banking consists of revenues ( excluding net interest ) from financial advisory and underwriting assignments , as well as derivative transactions directly related to these assignments . these activities are included in our investment banking segment . 2030 investment management consists of revenues ( excluding net interest ) from providing investment management services to a diverse set of clients , as well as wealth advisory services and certain transaction services to high-net-worth individuals and families . these activities are included in our investment management segment . 2030 commissions and fees consists of revenues from executing and clearing client transactions on major stock , options and futures exchanges worldwide , as well as over-the-counter ( otc ) transactions . these activities are included in our institutional client services and investment management segments . 2030 market making consists of revenues ( excluding net interest ) from client execution activities related to making markets in interest rate products , credit products , mortgages , currencies , commodities and equity products . these activities are included in our institutional client services segment . 2030 other principal transactions consists of revenues ( excluding net interest ) from our investing activities and the origination of loans to provide financing to clients . in addition , other principal transactions includes revenues related to our consolidated investments . these activities are included in our investing & lending segment . operating environment . during 2017 , generally higher asset prices and tighter credit spreads were supportive of industry-wide underwriting activities , investment management performance and other principal transactions . however , low levels of volatility in equity , fixed income , currency and commodity markets continued to negatively affect our market-making activities , particularly in fixed income , currency and commodity products . the price of natural gas decreased significantly during 2017 , while the price of oil increased compared with the end of 2016 . if the trend of low volatility continues over the long term and market-making activity levels remain low , or if investment banking activity levels , asset prices or assets under supervision decline , net revenues would likely be negatively impacted . see 201csegment operating results 201d below for further information about the operating environment and material trends and uncertainties that may impact our results of operations . the first half of 2016 included challenging trends in the operating environment for our business activities including concerns and uncertainties about global economic growth , central bank activity and the political uncertainty and economic implications surrounding the potential exit of the u.k . from the e.u . during the second half of 2016 , the operating environment improved , as global equity markets steadily increased and investment grade and high-yield credit spreads tightened . these trends provided a more favorable backdrop for our business activities . 2017 versus 2016 net revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 32.07 billion for 2017 , 5% ( 5 % ) higher than 2016 , due to significantly higher other principal transactions revenues , and higher investment banking revenues , investment management revenues and net interest income . these increases were partially offset by significantly lower market making revenues and lower commissions and fees . non-interest revenues . investment banking revenues in the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 7.37 billion for 2017 , 18% ( 18 % ) higher than 2016 . revenues in financial advisory were higher compared with 2016 , reflecting an increase in completed mergers and acquisitions transactions . revenues in underwriting were significantly higher compared with 2016 , due to significantly higher revenues in both debt underwriting , primarily reflecting an increase in industry-wide leveraged finance activity , and equity underwriting , reflecting an increase in industry-wide secondary offerings . 52 goldman sachs 2017 form 10-k .

Questions:
what was the total net revenues for 2016?
and for 2015?
so how much did this value change over the year?
and the growth rate for that time?

Answers:
30608
33820
-3212
-9.5%