Question: when did the study of media effects begin
[{'answer': '1919', 'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '9715234', 'title': 'History of media studies', 'start_paragraph_id': 5, 'start_character': 120, 'end_paragraph_id': 5, 'end_character': 124, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'section': 'Section::::First M.A. Media Studies program in the U.S..\n'}]}, {'answer': '1975', 'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '9715234', 'title': 'History of media studies', 'start_paragraph_id': 5, 'start_character': 318, 'end_paragraph_id': 5, 'end_character': 322, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'section': 'Section::::First M.A. Media Studies program in the U.S..\n'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '9715234', 'title': 'History of media studies', 'start_paragraph_id': 5, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 5, 'end_character': 672, 'bleu_score': 0.9826823455989031, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 8541719761327326386}, 'section': 'Section::::First M.A. Media Studies program in the U.S..\n'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '9715234', 'title': 'History of media studies', 'start_paragraph_id': 0, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 0, 'end_character': 0, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 8541719761327326386}, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '9715234', 'title': 'History of media studies', 'section': 'Section::::First M.A. Media Studies program in the U.S..\n', 'start_paragraph_id': 5, 'end_paragraph_id': 5, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ["The social impact of mass communication has been studied at The New School University in New York since its founding in 1919. The first college course to investigate the motion picture was offered here in 1926. Marshall McLuhan's colleague, John Culkin, brought his Center for Understanding Media to The New School in 1975 and The New School began offering the Master of Arts degree in Media Studies, one of the first graduate programs of its kind. Today, among other programs, MA in Media Studies is still being offered by School of Media Studies, The New School, which will celebrate 40th anniversary of Media Studies at The New School during the academic year 2015-2016", 'Today, among other programs, MA in Media Studies is still being offered by School of Media Studies, The New School, which will celebrate 40th anniversary of Media Studies at The New School during the academic year 2015-2016', 'The social impact of mass communication has been studied at The New School University in New York since its founding in 1919.']}}]}]