Question: who made the nuclear model of an atom
[{'answer': 'Ernest Rutherford', 'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '3917813', 'title': 'Rutherford model', 'start_paragraph_id': 1, 'start_character': 36, 'end_paragraph_id': 1, 'end_character': 53, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '3917813', 'title': 'Rutherford model', 'start_paragraph_id': 1, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 1, 'end_character': 598, 'bleu_score': 0.8226518566835691, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 2405461360866003592}, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '3917813', 'title': 'Rutherford model', 'start_paragraph_id': 0, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 0, 'end_character': 0, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 2405461360866003592}, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '21285', 'title': 'Nuclear physics', 'section': 'Section::::History.\n', 'start_paragraph_id': 7, 'end_paragraph_id': 7, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ['had internal structure. At the beginning of the 20th century the accepted model of the atom was J. J. Thomson\'s "plum pudding" model in which the atom was a positively charged ball with smaller negatively charged electrons embedded inside it. In the years that followed, radioactivity was extensively investigated, notably by Marie and Pierre Curie as well as by Ernest Rutherford and his collaborators.', 'radioactivity was extensively investigated, notably by Marie and Pierre Curie as well as by Ernest Rutherford and his collaborators']}}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '3917813', 'title': 'Rutherford model', 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.', 'start_paragraph_id': 1, 'end_paragraph_id': 1, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ["The Rutherford model was devised by Ernest Rutherford to describe an atom. Rutherford directed the GeigerMarsden experiment in 1909 which suggested, upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis, that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect.", 'The Rutherford model was devised by Ernest Rutherford to describe an atom.', "Rutherford's new model for the atom, based on the experimental results, contained new features of a relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume"]}}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '13372642', 'title': 'Toroidal ring model', 'section': 'Section::::History.:Beginnings.\n', 'start_paragraph_id': 8, 'end_paragraph_id': 8, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ['In 1867 Lord Kelvin suggested that the vortex rings of a perfect fluid discovered by Hermann von Helmholtz represented "the only true atoms". Then shortly before 1900, as scientists still debated over the very existence of atoms, J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford sparked a revolution with experiments confirming the existence and properties of electrons, protons, and nuclei.', 'Then shortly before 1900, as scientists still debated over the very existence of atoms, J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford sparked a revolution with experiments confirming the existence and properties of electrons, protons, and nuclei.', 'Ernest Rutherford sparked a revolution with experiments confirming the existence and properties of electrons, protons, and nuclei']}}]}]