Question: when was fingerprinting first used by the police
[{'answer': 'In 1840', 'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '84777', 'title': 'Fingerprint', 'start_paragraph_id': 66, 'start_character': 198, 'end_paragraph_id': 66, 'end_character': 205, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'section': 'Section::::History.:19th century.\n'}]}, {'answer': 'the early 20th century'}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '84777', 'title': 'Fingerprint', 'start_paragraph_id': 2, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 2, 'end_character': 422, 'bleu_score': 0.618550664517124, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 9427427445208721477}, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '84777', 'title': 'Fingerprint', 'start_paragraph_id': 0, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 0, 'end_character': 0, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 9427427445208721477}, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '84777', 'title': 'Fingerprint', 'start_paragraph_id': 62, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 62, 'end_character': 798, 'bleu_score': 0.7097186051013901, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 9427427445208721477}, 'section': 'Section::::History.:Antiquity and the medieval period.\n'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '84777', 'title': 'Fingerprint', 'section': 'Section::::History.:19th century.\n', 'start_paragraph_id': 66, 'end_paragraph_id': 66, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ["In 1840, following the murder of Lord William Russell, a provincial doctor, Robert Blake Overton, wrote to Scotland Yard suggesting checking for fingerprints. In 1853 the German anatomist Georg von Meissner (18291905) studied friction ridges, and in 1858 Sir William James Herschel initiated fingerprinting in India. In 1877 he first instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds to prevent the repudiation of signatures in Hooghly near Kolkata and he registered government pensioners' fingerprints to prevent the collection of money by relatives after a pensioner's death.", 'In 1840, following the murder of Lord William Russell, a provincial doctor, Robert Blake Overton, wrote to Scotland Yard suggesting checking for fingerprints. In 1853 the German anatomist Georg von Meissner (18291905) stud', 'In 1823 Jan Evangelista Purkyně identified nine fingerprint patterns. The nine patterns include the tented arch, the loop, and the whorl, which in modern day forensics are considered ridge details. In 1840, following the murder of Lord William Russell, a provincial doctor, Robert Blake Overton, wrote to Scotland Yard suggesting checking for fingerprints. In 1853 the German anatomist Georg von Meissner (18291905) studied friction ridges, and in 1858 Sir William James Herschel initiated fingerprinting in India. In 1877 he first instituted the use of fingerprints on contracts and deeds to prevent the repudiation of signatures in Hooghly near Kolkata']}}]}]