Question: what was the ancient chinese umbrella used for
[{'answer': 'a defense against rain', 'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '67028', 'title': 'Umbrella', 'start_paragraph_id': 15, 'start_character': 737, 'end_paragraph_id': 15, 'end_character': 759, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'section': 'Section::::History.:Ancient China.\n'}]}, {'answer': 'often linked to high - ranking ( though not necessarily royalty ) in China'}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '67028', 'title': 'Umbrella', 'start_paragraph_id': 0, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 0, 'end_character': 0, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 9155409351297009231}, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '67028', 'title': 'Umbrella', 'start_paragraph_id': 15, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 15, 'end_character': 1029, 'bleu_score': 0.9884053071617651, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 9155409351297009231}, 'section': 'Section::::History.:Ancient China.\n'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '8310117', 'title': 'Hanging Temple', 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.', 'start_paragraph_id': 1, 'end_paragraph_id': 1, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ['The Hanging Temple, also Hanging Monastery or Xuankong Temple () is a temple built into a cliff ( above the ground) near Mount Heng in Hunyuan County, Datong City, Shanxi Province, China. The closest city is Datong, to the northwest. Along with the Yungang Grottoes, the Hanging Temple is one of the main tourist attractions and historical sites in the Datong area. Built more than 1,500 years ago, this temple is notable not only for its location on a sheer precipice but also because it is the only existing temple with the combination of three Chinese traditional religions: Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The structure is kept in place with oak crossbeams fitted into holes chiseled into the cliffs. The main supportive structure is hidden inside the bedrock. The monastery is located in the small canyon basin, and the body of the building hangs from the middle of the cliff under the prominent summit, protecting the temple from rain erosion and sunlight. Coupled with the repair of the dynasties, the color tattoo in the temple is relatively well preserved.', 'The Hanging Temple, also Hanging Monastery or Xuankong Temple () is a temple built into a cliff ( above the ground) near Mount Heng in Hunyuan County, Datong City, Shanxi Province, China. The closest city is Datong, to the northwest. Along with the Yungang Grottoes, the Hanging Temple is one of the main tourist attractions and historical sites in the Datong area. Built more than 1,500 years ago, this temple is notable not only for its location on a sheer precipice but also because it is the only existing temple with the combination of three Chinese traditional religions: Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The structure is kept in place with oak crossbeams fitted into holes chiseled into the cliffs. The main supportive structure is hidden inside the bedrock. The monastery is located in the small canyon basin, and the body of the building hangs from the middle of the cliff under the prominent summit, protecting the temple from rain erosion and sunlight. Coupled with the repair of the dynasties, the color tattoo in the temple is relatively well preserved.']}}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '1401234', 'title': 'Disciples of Confucius', 'section': 'Section::::Disciples.:Wuma Shi (Ziqi).\n', 'start_paragraph_id': 73, 'end_paragraph_id': 73, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ['Wuma Shi (), aka. Wuma Qi (), was either a native of Chen or of Lu. His courtesy name was Ziqi ( or ). He was 30 years younger than Confucius. On one occasion, when Confucius was about to set out with a company of the disciples on a journey, he told them to take umbrellas. Later that day it rained heavily, and Wuma asked Confucius, "There were no clouds in the morning; but after the sun had risen, you told us to take umbrellas. How did you know that it would rain?" Confucius replied, "The moon last evening was in the constellation Pi, and is it not said in the Shijing, \'When the moon is in Pi, there will be heavy rain?\' It was thus I knew it." In the Temple of', 'Later that day it rained heavily, and Wuma asked Confucius, "There were no clouds in the morning; but after the sun had risen, you told us to take umbrellas. How did you know that it would rain?', 'Wuma Shi (), aka. Wuma Qi (), was either a native of Chen or of Lu. His courtesy name was Ziqi ( or ). He was 30 years younger than Confucius. On one occasion, when Confucius was about to set out with a company of the disciples on a journey, he told them to take umbrellas. Later that day it rained heavily, and Wuma asked Confucius, "There were no clouds in the morning; but after the sun had risen, you told us to take umbrellas. How did you know that it would rain?" Confucius replied, "The moon last evening was in the constellation Pi, and is it not said in the Shijing, \'When the moon is in Pi, there will be heavy rain?\' It was thus I knew it." In the Temple of']}}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '67028', 'title': 'Umbrella', 'section': 'Section::::History.:Ancient China.\n', 'start_paragraph_id': 15, 'end_paragraph_id': 15, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ['The Chinese character for umbrella is ("sǎn") and is a pictograph resembling the modern umbrella in design. Some investigators have supposed that its invention was first created by tying large leaves to bough-like ribs (the branching out parts of an umbrella). Others assert that the idea was probably derived from the tent, which remains in an unaltered form to the present day. However, the tradition existing in China is that it originated in standards and banners waving in the air, hence the use of the umbrella was often linked to high-ranking (though not necessarily royalty) in China. On at least one occasion, twenty-four umbrellas were carried before the Emperor when he went out hunting. The umbrella served in this case as a defense against rain rather than sun. The Chinese design was later brought to Japan via Korea and also introduced to Persia and the Western world via the Silk Road. The Chinese and Japanese traditional parasol, often used near temples, remains similar to the original ancient Chinese design.', 'The Chinese character for umbrella is ("sǎn") and is a pictograph resembling the modern umbrella in design']}}]}]