Question: who proposed evolution in 1859 as the basis of biological development
[{'answer': 'Charles Darwin', 'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '21501970', 'title': 'History of evolutionary thought', 'start_paragraph_id': 2, 'start_character': 8, 'end_paragraph_id': 2, 'end_character': 22, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'answer': 'Alfred Russel Wallace', 'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '21501970', 'title': 'History of evolutionary thought', 'start_paragraph_id': 2, 'start_character': 27, 'end_paragraph_id': 2, 'end_character': 48, 'bleu_score': 1.0, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '21501970', 'title': 'History of evolutionary thought', 'start_paragraph_id': 2, 'start_character': 0, 'end_paragraph_id': 2, 'end_character': 1581, 'bleu_score': 0.965953122219079, 'meta': {'yes_no_answer': 'NONE', 'annotation_id': 16315518763166811426}, 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.'}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '1494', 'title': 'Alfred Russel Wallace', 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.', 'start_paragraph_id': 1, 'end_paragraph_id': 1, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ['Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin\'s writings in 1858." "This prompted Darwin to publish his own ideas in "On the Origin of Species". Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia.', 'Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin\'s writings in 1858."', 'Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin\'s writings in 1858." "This prompted Darwin to publish his own ideas in "On the Origin of Species". Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia.']}}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '21501970', 'title': 'History of evolutionary thought', 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.', 'start_paragraph_id': 2, 'end_paragraph_id': 2, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ['In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin\'s "On the Origin of Species" (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. Debate over Darwin\'s work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution, but the specific mechanism he proposed, natural selection, was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s. Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution. Alternatives to natural selection suggested during "the eclipse of Darwinism" (c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism). Mendelian genetics, a series of 19th-century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900, was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher, J. B. S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s, and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics. During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields, resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biologythe modern synthesis.', 'During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields, resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biologythe modern synthesis.']}}]}, {'provenance': [{'wikipedia_id': '8787159', 'title': 'Objections to evolution', 'section': 'Section::::Abstract.', 'start_paragraph_id': 1, 'end_paragraph_id': 1, 'meta': {'evidence_span': ['Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book "On the Origin of Species", his theory of evolution (the idea that species arose through descent with modification from a single common ancestor in a process driven by natural selection) initially met opposition from scientists with different theories, but eventually came to receive overwhelming acceptance in the scientific community. The observation of evolutionary processes occurring (as well as the modern evolutionary synthesis explaining that evidence) has been uncontroversial among mainstream biologists since the 1940s.', 'Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book "On the Origin of Species", his theory of evolution (the idea that species arose through descent with modification from a single common ancestor in a process driven by natural selection) initially met opposition from scientists with different theories, but eventually came to receive overwhelming acceptance in the scientific community.', 'bjections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book "On the Origin of Species", his theory of evolution (the idea that species arose through descent with modification from a single common ancestor in a process driven by natural selection) initially met opposition from scientists with different theories, but eventually came to receive overwhelming acceptance in the scientific community. The observation of evolutionary processes occurring (as well as the modern evolutionary synthesis explaining that evidence) has been uncontroversial among mainstream biologists since the 1940s.']}}]}]