sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.

Question: What is Louis Binford's profession?

Question: What idea did Binford take issue with?

Question: What did Binford conclude humans were instead of hunters?

Question: What idea did Blumenschine propose?

Question: What does confrontational scavenging involve doing to other predators after they've made a kill?

Question: Who is the archaeologist that does not believe early humans were hunters?

Question: Louis Binford concluded what based on skeletal remains of consumed animals?

Question: What did Robert Blumenschine propose?

Question: Louis Binford's idea is popular among whom?

Question: Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?
Passage: Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still vital in marginal climates, especially those unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture.[citation needed] For example, Inuit people in the Arctic trap and hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.

Question: What was a significant contributor to the human food supply?

Question: What did the supplementary meat from hunting include?

Question: What was the leather from hunting used for?

Question: Rocks and spears are examples of some of man's earliest what?

Question: Where is hunting still vital?

Question: Hunt was a significant contributor to what?

Question: Where is hunting still vital?

Question: Why is hunting still vital in marginal climates?

Question: How are the skins of sea mammals useful for people in the Arctic trap?
Passage: On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting.

Question: What are kings often depicted as on ancient reliefs?

Question: What are the kings portrayed as hunting?

Question: How was the cultural importance of hunting in ancient societies represented?

Question: What could the mythological association of prey species with divinity be a form of?

Question: What might the meaning of Euripides' tale be seen as a caution against?

Question: Kings were depicted as hunting what big game from a chariot?

Question: What is often related to hunting?

Question: Deities represent what importance?

Question: What tale is seen as cautions against disrespecting prey or impudent boasting?
Passage: In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.

Question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?

Question: What was game in the areas used by the upper class used as a source of?

Question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?

Question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?

Question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?

Question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?

Question: What was game in the areas used by the upper class used as a source of?

Question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?

Question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?

Question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?

Question: In medieval Europe who obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas?

Question: What was the game in feudal territory was used as?

Question: Who provided the game obtained in feudal territory?

Question: The importance of can be seen in what legends?

Question: Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for?
Passage: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. In the epic Ramayana, Dasharatha, the father of Rama, is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, from their hut, while Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. According to the Mahabharat, Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.

Question: What kind of occupation do Hindu scriptures describe hunting as being?

Question: What is one of the names of the god Shiva?

Question: What is the translation of Mrigavyadha?

Question: What does Shiva destroy in human beings?

Question: What talent does Dasharatha have?

Question: What scriptures describe hunting as and acceptable occupation?

Question: Godly figures have engaged in what activity?

Question: Mrigavyadha means what?

Question: Mrigavyadha destroys animal instinct in who?

Question: What happened after Krishna was accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter?
Passage: From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.

Question: Who has hunting been forbidden to since early Christian times?

Question: Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?

Question: What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?

Question: What does the decree of the Council of Trent imply?

Question: What type of hunting is unlawful?

Question: Who was forbidden to hunt in early Christian time?

Question: What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?

Question: Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran?

Question: How is the the decree of the Council of Trent is worded?

Question: Who stated quiet hunting is allowed?
Passage: Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declared that such synodal decrees are not too severe, as an absolute prohibition of hunting is more conformable to the ecclesiastical law. In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether.

Question: What distinction is undoubtedly permissible?

Question: What can a bishop absolutely prohibit?

Question: Where did synods prohibit all hunting at?

Question: What did Benedict XIV declare about decrees prohibiting hunting?

Question: Who can prohibit hunting to the clerics?

Question: Declaration that decrees are not severe was done by who?

Question: What did Synods at Milan, Avignon, Liege, Cologne, and elsewhere do?
Passage: New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.

Question: What does New Zealand have?

Question: What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?

Question: Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies?

Question: Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?

Question: What do government agencies view the animals as?

Question: What country has a strong hunting culture?

Question: What were the the only land mammal in New Zealand?

Question: What is New Zealand made up of?

Question: Game animals were introduced here by whom?

Question: What resulted having no natural predators for the animals introduced?
Passage: During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.

Question: What was hunting regarded as in British India?

Question: What does the Indian word "shikaris" mean in English?

Question: What did British officers maintain whole corps of?

Question: Why did the regals recruit low-ranking local tribes when hunting?

Question: What could a Bengal tiger be hunted from the back of?

Question: Where was hunting reguarded as a regal sport?

Question: What is hunted from the back of an elephant?

Question: Who did British officers maintain?

Question: Who were the shikaris headed by?

Question: Why were low-ranking local tribes recruited?
Passage: Regional social norms are generally antagonistic to hunting, while a few sects, such as the Bishnoi, lay special emphasis on the conservation of particular species, such as the antelope. India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals. However, the Chief Wildlife Warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has become dangerous to human life, or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any person to hunt such an animal. In this case, the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.

Question: What norms are generally antagonistic to hunting?

Question: What sect lays special emphasis on conservation of particular species?

Question: What bans the killing of all wild animals in India?

Question: Who may permit a person to hunt animals in India despite it being banned?

Question: Whose property does the body of any wild animal killed or wounded become?

Question: Who lay special emphasis on conservation of particular species?

Question: What bans the killing of all wild animals?

Question: What year was this protection act put into place?

Question: Who can permit a person to hunt wild animals?

Question: What happens to the body of the wild animal killed?
Passage: Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting. What in other countries is called "hunting" is called "shooting" (birds) or "stalking" (deer) in Britain. Originally a form of vermin control to protect livestock, fox hunting became a popular social activity for newly wealthy upper classes in Victorian times and a traditional rural activity for riders and foot followers alike. Similar to fox hunting in many ways is the chasing of hares with hounds. Pairs of Sight hounds (or long-dogs), such as greyhounds, may be used to pursue a hare in coursing, where the greyhounds are marked as to their skill in coursing the hare (but are not intended to actually catch it), or the hare may be pursued with scent hounds such as beagles or harriers. Other sorts of foxhounds may also be used for hunting stags (deer) or mink. Deer stalking with rifles is carried out on foot without hounds, using stealth.

Question: What type of hunting is most closely associated with the UK?

Question: How do the English hunt foxes?

Question: In England, what is hunted when "shooting" is called for?

Question: Why were foxes originally hunted?

Question: How is deer stalking with rifles carried out?

Question: What hunting is done on horseback with hounds?

Question: Hunting horseback with hound is associated with whom?

Question: In Victorian times a popular social activity was?

Question: What is carried out on foot without hounds?

Question: Hounds were used for what purpose?
Passage: Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotguns. When in position, "beaters" move through the areas of cover, swinging sticks or flags to drive the game out. Such events are often called "drives". The open season for grouse in the UK begins on 12 August, the so-called Glorious Twelfth. The definition of game in the United Kingdom is governed by the Game Act 1831.

Question: What does shooting in Britain require little questing for?

Question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year in the UK?

Question: What kind of affairs can shoots be?

Question: Who uses swinging sticks or flags to drive game out?

Question: What is the Glorious Twelfth in the UK?

Question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year?

Question: Who swings sticks or flags to drive game out?

Question: When does open season for grouse begin in the UK?

Question: What is the UK definition of game is governed by?

Question: Why are assistants used?
Passage: Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted. Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations). Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.

Question: What law primarily regulates hunting?

Question: What additional type of law applies in the case of migratory birds and endangered species?

Question: What varies widely from state to state?

Question: What do some states make a distinction between?

Question: What do hunters of protected species require in all states?

Question: How is hunting regulated?

Question: Migratory birds and endangered species are protected by what law?

Question: What hunters require a hunting license in all states?

Question: What is sometimes a prerequisite of obtaining a hunting license?
Passage: Hunting big game typically requires a "tag" for each animal harvested. Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited. In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery. Tags may be further restricted to a specific area, or wildlife management unit. Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license.

Question: What is required when hunting big game?

Question: Tags are purchased in addition to what?

Question: What is typically limited to an individual?

Question: A wildlife management unit is a place where what may be restricted to?

Question: What kind of stamp is required to hunt migratory waterfowl?

Question: When hunting big game what is typically required?

Question: What must be purchased with hunting license is comes in a limited number?

Question: How are tags assigned if there are more hunters than game?

Question: What is required of hunting migratory waterfowl?

Question: Who issues requirement for hunting migratory waterfowl?
Passage: Gun usage in hunting is typically regulated by game category, area within the state, and time period. Regulations for big-game hunting often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms. The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief. Regulations may also limit or ban the use of lead in ammunition because of environmental concerns. Specific seasons for bow hunting or muzzle-loading black-powder guns are often established to limit competition with hunters using more effective weapons.

Question: How is gun usage typically regulated?

Question: What often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms?

Question: Why is the use of rifles often banned?

Question: Why may regulations ban the use of lead in ammunition?

Question: Why are specific seasons for bow hunting established?

Question: Why are the use of rifles banned?

Question: How is gun useage regulated?

Question: What is specified in big-game hunting?
Passage: Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt. At the beginning of the 21st century, just six percent of Americans hunted. Southerners in states along the eastern seaboard hunted at a rate of five percent, slightly below the national average, and while hunting was more common in other parts of the South at nine percent, these rates did not surpass those of the Plains states, where twelve percent of Midwesterners hunted. Hunting in other areas of the country fell below the national average. Overall, in the 1996–2006 period, the number of hunters over the age of sixteen declined by ten percent, a drop attributable to a number of factors including habitat loss and changes in recreation habits.

Question: What is hunting in the U.S. not associated with?

Question: What percentage of Americans supported legal hunting in 2006?

Question: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?

Question: What percentage of Midwesterners hunted?

Question: How much did the number of hunters over the age of sixteen decline in the period between 1996-2006?

Question: What percentage of Americans support legal hunting?

Question: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?

Question: South Easterners hunted at what rate?

Question: Midwesterners hunted at what rate?

Question: What years did hunting decline?
Passage: Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government.

Question: When do hunting regulations date from in the US?

Question: What do some modern hunters see themselves as?

Question: What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport?

Question: Ducks Unlimited and the Delta Waterfowl are examples of groups representing what?

Question: What do many hunting groups participate in doing at the federal and state level?

Question: What do modern hunters see themselves as?

Question: Who provides hunter education?

Question: What do hunting groups also participate in?

Question: What century is U.S. regulations dates from?
Passage: Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.

Question: How much money is distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs each year?

Question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps raised since 1934?

Question: How many acres can the money raised from the sale of federal duck stamps help purchase?

Question: What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with?

Question: What is a key task of state park rangers and game wardens?

Question: Who are federal excise taxes are distributed to?

Question: What do the taxes support?

Question: How much has Federal Duck Stamps raised?

Question: What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?

Question: Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?