sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.

Question: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?

Question: What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?

Question: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?

Question: What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?

Question: What was the smooth jazz format renamed?
Passage: Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.

Question: Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?

Question: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?

Question: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?

Question: During what decade was smooth soul popular?

Question: Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?
Passage: In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).

Question: What genre of music did Patti Austin perform?

Question: Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat?

Question: During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandross notably successful?

Question: What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for?

Question: Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?
Passage: Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe.

Question: What is CCM an acronym of?

Question: What genre of music is performed by MercyMe?

Question: What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?

Question: Along with mainstream AC, what format has also featured Christian AC artists on a crossover basis?
Passage: In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year.

Question: What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?

Question: During what two months does the Christmas season take place?

Question: Along with Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith and Andy Williams, who is an artist played on AC stations around Christmastime but not otherwise?
Passage: These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.

Question: When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?

Question: When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?

Question: When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?

Question: When is the earliest an AC station will switch to a Christmas format?

Question: What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?
Passage: Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.

Question: In what century was the term matter defined excluding energy phenomena like light and sound?

Question: What term is used for the substance that composes all observable physical objects?

Question: The mass of an object can come from the motion of its constituents or what other source?

Question: What term is used to describe the type of definition that matter would have if all scientists could agree on its definition?

Question: Prior to the 20th century, the definition of matter included any object that had mass even when it was in what state?
Passage: All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.

Question: What kind of particles make up every object in the world that can be touched?

Question: The smaller particles that make up atoms, like protons and neutrons, are what kind of particles?

Question: What subatomic particle has no volume or rest mass?

Question: What kind of particles are quarks and leptons?

Question: Despite not having size or volume themselves, quarks and leptons contribute to what measure of composite particles in matter?
Passage: Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).

Question: How many phases of matter are there?

Question: What new phase of matter can be considered with a focus on elementary particles?

Question: What is the theory that matter is made up of discrete building blocks called?

Question: What colleague of Democritus, also a Greek philosopher, helped him propose the particulate theory of matter?

Question: People have been wondering about the nature of matter for the entire history of what branch of science?
Passage: Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also be created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither be created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter.

Question: What similar term is often used interchangeably with matter, although the two differ slightly in modern physics?

Question: Being a conserved quantity means that the value of mass doesn't ever change as long as it's in what kind of system?

Question: Special relativity says matter can disappear by conversion into what state?

Question: What planet isn't a closed system but sometimes appears to be because of the approximate conservation of matter?
Passage: Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality.

Question: What term does science not have a universally-accepted scientific definition for?

Question: Sometimes scientific terms were historically considered in ways we know now aren't compatible because scientists didn't need to distinguish matter from what other term?

Question: What word do physicists sometimes consider to be defined as particles exhibiting rest mass?

Question: What duality describes the conflicting properties of matter in the fields of chemistry and physics?

Question: Quarks and leptons are sometimes considered matter because they can't travel at what speed?
Passage: Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.

Question: What was Westminster Abbey's original name?

Question: What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey considered?

Question: In what city is Westminster Abbey located?

Question: In what years was the Abbey considered a cathedral?

Question: What type of building is the Abbey now considered?

Question: What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey?

Question: Where is Westminster Abbey located?

Question: When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral?

Question: What has been the status of Westminster Abbey since 1560?
Passage: According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.

Question: What year did the construction of the church begin?

Question: Who commissioned the Abbey to be built?

Question: What was the area previously named?

Question: In what century was the church established at the location?

Question: Who was the Bishop in this time frame?

Question: What is the meaning of Thorn Ey?

Question: When was a church first founded at the site?

Question: Who was Mellitus?

Question: When was construction of the present church started?

Question: Who ordered the construction of the church?
Passage: The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here.

Question: What was the name of the fisherman in lore that saw a vision of Saint Peter near the Abbey?

Question: What type of fish did the Abbey receive from Thames fisherman?

Question: What kind of monks lived at the Abbey?

Question: Who, till this day still gives the Abbey a fish?

Question: Who along with the King Edgar established the monks at the Abbey?

Question: Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames?

Question: Who first gifted salmon to the abbey?

Question: Who still gives salmon to the abbey today?

Question: When was the monk community installed?
Passage: Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.

Question: What architectural design was St Peter's abbey considered?

Question: What year was the building finished?

Question: What was the date of the Abbey's coronation?

Question: Who was the first recorded coronation at the Abbey?

Question: What King restored the Abbey in the years 1042 and 1052?

Question: Who rebuilt the abbey for a burial church?

Question: What style was the church rebuilt in?

Question: When was the building consecrated?

Question: When did King Edward the Confessor die?

Question: Who was the first documented coronation?
Passage: Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years.

Question: Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?

Question: Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?

Question: How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?

Question: Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey?

Question: When did royal weddings begin at the church?
Passage: The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities.

Question: Where is the only existant depiction of Edward's abbey?

Question: What was the original size of Dunstan's original monk community?

Question: How was the community able to increase?

Question: What is adjacent the abbey?
Passage: The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed]

Question: Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest?

Question: The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century?

Question: Who was employed on royal service?

Question: With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify?

Question: To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed?
Passage: The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed]

Question: What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey?

Question: What did the monastery help fuel?

Question: What did the abbey build on the west side?

Question: What encroached upon the sanctuary?
Passage: The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010).

Question: What was the abbey to Norman kings?

Question: What architect continued work on the abbey?

Question: Who was reigning when Henry Yevele finished his work on the abbey?

Question: What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the High Altar?

Question: What played a large role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation?
Passage: Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed]

Question: Who added a Perpendicular style chapel?

Question: Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to?

Question: What part of France did the Caen stone come from?

Question: Where did the Portland stone come from?

Question: When was the Lady Chapel added?
Passage: In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.

Question: When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800?

Question: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016?

Question: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth?

Question: During what was the abbey made second in wealth?
Passage: Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.

Question: When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?

Question: Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540?

Question: What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?

Question: What did changing the status of the abbey create?
Passage: Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.

Question: When was Westminster Diocese dissolved?

Question: The abbey was recognised as what until 1556?

Question: Who is the abbey dedicated to?
Passage: The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean.

Question: The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom?

Question: Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?

Question: What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it?

Question: Who was made the first dean of the new church?
Passage: It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.

Question: When did the abbey suffer damage?

Question: Who attacked the abbey?

Question: What protected the abbey?

Question: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?

Question: When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?