sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: On 27 April 1944 Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city was published; it called for demolition of the few remaining pre-War buildings in the city centre to make way for their replacement with wide, parallel, modern boulevards aligned east–west linked by a north–south avenue (Armada Way) linking the railway station with the vista of Plymouth Hoe. A peripheral road system connecting the historic Barbican on the east and Union Street to the west determines the principal form of the city centre, even following pedestrianisation of the shopping centre in the late 1980s, and continues to inform the present 'Vision for Plymouth' developed by a team led by Barcelona-based architect David MacKay in 2003 which calls for revivification of the city centre with mixed-use and residential. In suburban areas, post-War prefabs had already begun to appear by 1946, and over 1,000 permanent council houses were built each year from 1951–57 according to the Modernist zoned low-density garden city model advocated by Abercrombie. By 1964 over 20,000 new homes had been built, more than 13,500 of them permanent council homes and 853 built by the Admiralty. Plymouth is home to 28 parks with an average size of 45,638 square metres (491,240 sq ft). Its largest park is Central Park, with other sizeable green spaces including Victoria Park, Freedom Fields Park, Alexandra Park, Devonport Park and the Hoe.

Question: On what date was the publication of the Plan for Plymouth?

Question: Who wrote the Plan for Plymouth?

Question: What street was intended to connect Plymouth Hoe to the railroad station?

Question: Who headed the team that created the 'Vision for Plymouth'?

Question: How many parks exist in Plymouth?
Passage: Along with the rest of South West England, Plymouth has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. This means a wide range of exotic plants can be grown. The annual mean temperature is approximately 11 °C (52 °F). Due to the modifying effect of the sea the seasonal range is less than in most other parts of the UK. As a result of this summer highs are lower than its southerly latitude should warrant, but as a contrast the coldest month of February has mean minimum temperatures as mild as between 3 and 4 °C (37 and 39 °F). Snow is rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes, but there have been exclusions, namely the European winter storms of 2009-10 which, in early January, covered Plymouth in at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow; more on higher ground. Another period of notable snow occurred from 17–19 December 2010 when up to 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell through the period – though only 2 inches (5.1 cm) would lie at any one time due to melt. Over the 1961–1990 period, annual snowfall accumulation averaged less than 7 cm (3 in) per year. July and August are the warmest months with mean daily maxima over 19 °C (66 °F).

Question: What Köppen climate classification does Plymouth possess?

Question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is Plymouth's annual mean temperature?

Question: What month in Plymouth has the lowest temperatures?

Question: Up to how many centimeters of snow fell on Plymouth between 17 and 19 December 2010?

Question: Along with August, what is typically the hottest month in Plymouth?
Passage: Rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or with convection. The Atlantic depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter and most of the rain which falls in those seasons in the south-west is from this source. Average annual rainfall is around 980 millimetres (39 in). November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, with June to August having the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.

Question: Along with convection, what provokes rain in the Plymouth area?

Question: Along with winter, in what season are Atlantic depressions most prevalent?

Question: About how many inches of rain fall on Plymouth every year?

Question: Along with March, what month has the fastest winds on average?

Question: From what direction do most of the winds blow on Plymouth?
Passage: South West England has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer. Coastal areas have average annual sunshine totals over 1,600 hours.

Question: How many hours of sunshine does the South West England region get each year?

Question: What region of England benefits from the extension of the Azores High pressure area?
Passage: Typically, the warmest day of the year (1971–2000) will achieve a temperature of 26.6 °C (80 °F), although in June 1976 the temperature reached 31.6 °C (89 °F), the site record. On average, 4.25 days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C (77 °F) or above. During the winter half of the year, the coldest night will typically fall to −4.1 °C (25 °F) although in January 1979 the temperature fell to −8.8 °C (16 °F). Typically, 18.6 nights of the year will register an air frost.

Question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what was the highest temperature achieved in Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?

Question: In what month and year did Plymouth see its highest temperature between 1971 and 2000?

Question: About how many days a year in Plymouth are over 77 °F?

Question: In degrees Celsius, what was the coldest temperature recorded at Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?

Question: In what month and year did Plymouth see its lowest temperature between 1971 and 2000?
Passage: The University of Plymouth enrolls 25,895 total students as of 2014/15 (22nd largest in the UK out of 165). It also employs 3,000 staff with an annual income of around £160 million. It was founded in 1992 from Polytechnic South West (formerly Plymouth Polytechnic) following the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. It has courses in maritime business, marine engineering, marine biology and Earth, ocean and environmental sciences, surf science, shipping and logistics. The university formed a joint venture with the fellow Devonian University of Exeter in 2000, establishing the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry. The college is ranked 8th out of 30 universities in the UK in 2011 for medicine. Its dental school was established in 2006, which also provides free dental care in an attempt to improve access to dental care in the South West.

Question: How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth?

Question: Where does the University of Plymouth rank among British institutions of higher education in terms of number of enrolled students?

Question: How many staff members work for the University of Plymouth?

Question: About how much are the staff of the University of Plymouth paid yearly in total?

Question: In what year was the University of Plymouth established?
Passage: The University of St Mark & St John (known as "Marjon" or "Marjons") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad.

Question: What institution of higher education is colloquially known as Marjons?

Question: What is the academic specialty of the University of St Mark & St John?
Passage: The city is also home to two large colleges. The City College Plymouth provides courses from the most basic to Foundation degrees for approximately 26,000 students. Plymouth College of Art offers a selection of courses including media. It was started 153 years ago and is now one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK.

Question: Along with City College Plymouth, what college calls Plymouth home?

Question: About how many students are enrolled at City College Plymouth?

Question: How many years ago was Plymouth College of Art founded?

Question: How many independent art colleges exist in the United Kingdom?

Question: How many large colleges exist in Plymouth?
Passage: Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College.

Question: How many state primary schools are in Plymouth?

Question: Plymouth has how many state secondary schools?

Question: How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth?

Question: What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth?

Question: Aside from Plymouth High School for Girls and Devonport High School for Boys, what state grammar school is present in Plymouth?
Passage: The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich. The college closed in 1910, but in 1940 a new college opened at Manadon. This was renamed Dockyard Technical College in 1959 before finally closing in 1994; training was transferred to the University of Southampton.

Question: What maritime institution of higher education existed in Plymouth as of 1880?

Question: When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth?

Question: What was the Royal Naval Engineering College renamed in 1959?

Question: In what year did the Dockyard Technical College close?

Question: After the Dockyard Technical College closed, where were classes relocated to?
Passage: Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory, which focuses on global issues of climate change and sustainability. It monitors the effects of ocean acidity on corals and shellfish and reports the results to the UK government. It also cultivates algae that could be used to make biofuels or in the treatment of waste water by using technology such as photo-bioreactors. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate the use of algae in skin care protects, taking advantage of the chemicals they contain that adapt to protect themselves from the sun.

Question: What organization known as the MBA is based in Plymouth?

Question: What Plymouth organization is named for Sir Alister Hardy?

Question: What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth?

Question: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?

Question: What is the name of the aquarium present in Plymouth?
Passage: From the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics published that Plymouth's unitary authority area population was 256,384; 15,664 more people than that of the last census from 2001, which indicated that Plymouth had a population of 240,720. The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban sprawl which extends outside the authority's boundaries). The city's average household size was 2.3 persons. At the time of the 2011 UK census, the ethnic composition of Plymouth's population was 96.2% White (of 92.9% was White British), with the largest minority ethnic group being Chinese at 0.5%. The white Irish ethnic group saw the largest decline in its share of the population since the 2001 Census (-24%), while the Other Asian and Black African had the largest increases (360% and 351% respectively). This excludes the two new ethnic groups added to the 2011 census of Gypsy or Irish Traveller and Arab. The population rose rapidly during the second half of the 19th century, but declined by over 1.6% from 1931 to 1951.

Question: What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2011?

Question: What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2001?

Question: How many people did the Plymouth unitary authority gain between 2001 and 2011?

Question: What was the average number of people in a Plymouth household?

Question: What percentage of Plymouth residents in 2011 were of Chinese ancestry?
Passage: Plymouth's gross value added (a measure of the size of its economy) was 5,169 million GBP in 2013 making up 25% of Devon's GVA. Its GVA per person was £19,943 and compared to the national average of £23,755, was £3,812 lower. Plymouth's unemployment rate was 7.0% in 2014 which was 2.0 points higher than the South West average and 0.8 points higher than the average for Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland).

Question: What percentage of Devon's GVA does Plymouth comprise in 2013?

Question: What was Plymouth's 2013 GVA in millions of British Pounds?

Question: What was Plymouth' per capita GVA in 2013?

Question: What was the United Kingdom's average per capita GVA in 2013?

Question: What percentage of Plymouth residents were unemployed in 2014?
Passage: A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England.

Question: What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014?

Question: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents?

Question: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of female Plymouth residents?

Question: Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England?
Passage: Because of its coastal location, the economy of Plymouth has traditionally been maritime, in particular the defence sector with over 12,000 people employed and approximately 7,500 in the armed forces. The Plymouth Gin Distillery has been producing Plymouth Gin since 1793, which was exported around the world by the Royal Navy. During the 1930s, it was the most widely distributed gin and has a controlled term of origin. Since the 1980s, employment in the defence sector has decreased substantially and the public sector is now prominent particularly in administration, health, education, medicine and engineering.

Question: How many Plymouth residents are employed in defense?

Question: About how many Plymouth residents are serving in the military?

Question: When was Plymouth Gin first distilled?

Question: What company produces Plymouth Gin?

Question: During what decade was Plymouth Gin the most widely consumed in the world?
Passage: Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income. Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector. Other substantial employers include the university with almost 3,000 staff, as well as the Tamar Science Park employing 500 people in 50 companies. Several employers have chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth, including Hemsley Fraser.

Question: About what percentage of Plymouth's income comes from the Dockyard?

Question: What Royal Navy base is present in Plymouth?

Question: How many maritime businesses operate in Plymouth?

Question: How many people work in Tamar Science Park?

Question: What is a notable company based in Plymouth?
Passage: Plymouth has a post-war shopping area in the city centre with substantial pedestrianisation. At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 – pannier meaning "basket" from French, so it translates as "basket market". In terms of retail floorspace, Plymouth is ranked in the top five in the South West, and 29th nationally. Plymouth was one of the first ten British cities to trial the new Business Improvement District initiative. The Tinside Pool is situated at the foot of the Hoe and became a grade II listed building in 1998 before being restored to its 1930s look for £3.4 million.

Question: What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building?

Question: In what year was Pannier Market finished?

Question: What is Plymouth's national rank in retail floorspace?

Question: What notable location was named a grade II listed building in 1998?

Question: What was the cost to restore Tinside Pool?
Passage: Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC). Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings.

Question: What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project?

Question: What architect is in charge of the ""Vision for Plymouth"?

Question: Along with Plymouth Council, what body supports the "Vision for Plymouth"?

Question: What is the population goal of the "Vision for Plymouth"?

Question: How many residences does the "Vision for Plymouth" seek to build?
Passage: In 2004 the old Drake Circus shopping centre and Charles Cross car park were demolished and replaced by the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre, which opened in October 2006. It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already "ten years out of date". In contrast, the Theatre Royal's production and education centre, TR2, which was built on wasteland at Cattedown, was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003.

Question: When was the Charles Cross car park removed?

Question: In what month and year was the grand opening of Drake Circus Shopping Centre?

Question: Where was TR2 built?

Question: What prize did TR2 almost win?

Question: Who spoke disparagingly about the Drake Circus Shopping Centre?
Passage: There is a project involving the future relocation of Plymouth City Council's headquarters, the civic centre, to the current location of the Bretonside bus station; it would involve both the bus station and civic centre being demolished and a rebuilt together at the location with the land from the civic centre being sold off. Other suggestions include the demolition of the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena to create a canal "boulevard" linking Millbay to the city centre. Millbay is being regenerated with mixed residential, retail and office space alongside the ferry port.

Question: What location is proposed for the future home of the Plymouth City Council headquarters?

Question: To connect Millbay to the city centre, what would need to be destroyed?

Question: What city region is located near a ferry terminal?
Passage: The A38 dual-carriageway runs from east to west across the north of the city. Within the city it is designated as 'The Parkway' and represents the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the generally more recent suburban areas. Heading east, it connects Plymouth to the M5 motorway about 40 miles (65 km) away near Exeter; and heading west it connects Cornwall and Devon via the Tamar Bridge. Regular bus services are provided by Plymouth Citybus, First South West and Target Travel. There are three Park and ride services located at Milehouse, Coypool (Plympton) and George Junction (Plymouth City Airport), which are operated by First South West.

Question: What is the A38 called inside the city of Plymouth?

Question: In miles, about how far away from Plymouth does the A38 connect to the M5?

Question: What bridge connects Cornwall to Plymouth via the A38?

Question: What park and ride service is located at George Junction?

Question: Who operates Milehouse park and ride?
Passage: A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven. There is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll, which is believed to have operated continuously since 1204. There is also a pedestrian ferry from the Mayflower Steps to Mount Batten, and an alternative to using the Tamar Bridge via the Torpoint Ferry (vehicle and pedestrian) across the River Tamar.

Question: Who operates the ferry to Spain?

Question: Where does the ferry to France terminate?

Question: Along with MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven, what ferry operates between Plymouth and the continent?

Question: A passenger ferry operates between Cremyll and what location?

Question: When did the Cremyll-Stonehouse ferry first operate?
Passage: The city's airport was Plymouth City Airport about 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The airport was home to the local airline Air Southwest, which operated flights across the United Kingdom and Ireland. In June 2003, a report by the South West RDA was published looking at the future of aviation in the south-west and the possible closure of airports. It concluded that the best option for the south-west was to close Plymouth City Airport and expand Exeter International Airport and Newquay Cornwall Airport, although it did conclude that this was not the best option for Plymouth. In April 2011, it was announced that the airport would close, which it did on 23 December. However, FlyPlymouth plans to reopen the city airport by 2018, which will provide daily services to various destinations including London.

Question: What local airport closed in 2011?

Question: In kilometers, how far away from the Plymouth city center was Plymouth City Airport?

Question: By what year is the city airport planned to reopen?

Question: Who intends to reopen the Plymouth City Airport?
Passage: Plymouth railway station, which opened in 1877, is managed by Great Western Railway and also sees trains on the CrossCountry network. Smaller stations are served by local trains on the Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line. First Great Western have come under fire recently, due to widespread rail service cuts across the south-west, which affect Plymouth greatly. Three MPs from the three main political parties in the region have lobbied that the train services are vital to its economy.

Question: When did Plymouth's railroad station open for service?

Question: Who runs Plymouth's railroad station?

Question: Along with the Tamar Valley Line, what local train service operates in Plymouth?

Question: How many regional MPs have argued for the importance of Plymouth's train service?

Question: Trains from what network sometimes operate out of Plymouth's railroad station?
Passage: The Exeter to Plymouth railway of the LSWR needs to be reopened to connect Cornwall and Plymouth to the rest of the UK railway system on an all weather basis. There are proposals to reopen the line from Tavistock to Bere Alston for a through service to Plymouth. On the night of 4 February 2014, amid high winds and extremely rough seas, part of the sea wall at Dawlish was breached washing away around 40 metres (130 ft) of the wall and the ballast under the railway immediately behind. The line was closed. Network Rail began repair work and the line reopened on 4 April 2014. In the wake of widespread disruption caused by damage to the mainline track at Dawlish by coastal storms in February 2014, Network Rail are considering reopening the Tavistock to Okehampton and Exeter section of the line as an alternative to the coastal route.

Question: On what date was the Dawlish sea wall damaged?

Question: In feet, how much of the Dawlish sea wall was destroyed?

Question: After the Dawlish sea wall was damaged, on what date did the line reopen?

Question: In what month and year did storms affect the coastal line near Dawlish?