sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the second largest U.S. city with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.

Question: What classification did the World Cities Study Group give to Miami?

Question: Where did Miami rank among cities around the world in regard to finance?

Question: What did Forbes call Miami in 2008?

Question: What is a nickname given to Miami?

Question: Where does Miami rank in terms of US Spanish-speaking populations?
Passage: Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the "Cruise Capital of the World", has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.

Question: What does downtown Miami possess more of than any other US city?

Question: Along with cruise lines, in what traffic does Miami's port rank first?

Question: What is called the "Cruise Capital of the World"?

Question: How long has Miami been the world's top cruise passenger port?

Question: Along with hospitals, medical centers and biotechnology industries, what is notably present in the Civic Center?
Passage: Miami is noted as "the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle", a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native. The Miami area was better known as "Biscayne Bay Country" in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness. The area was also characterized as "one of the finest building sites in Florida." The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a railroad tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami." Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896 with a population of just over 300. It was named for the nearby Miami River, derived from Mayaimi, the historic name of Lake Okeechobee.

Question: Where was Julia Tuttle born?

Question: Prior to the naming of Miami, what was the area around Miami called?

Question: When did the Great Freeze occur?

Question: What railroad was owned by Henry Flagler?

Question: Who was "the mother of Miami"?
Passage: Black labor played a crucial role in Miami's early development. During the beginning of the 20th century, migrants from the Bahamas and African-Americans constituted 40 percent of the city's population. Whatever their role in the city's growth, their community's growth was limited to a small space. When landlords began to rent homes to African-Americans in neighborhoods close to Avenue J (what would later become NW Fifth Avenue), a gang of white man with torches visited the renting families and warned them to move or be bombed.

Question: In the early 1900s, what percentage of Miami's population was of African origin?

Question: What was NW Fifth Avenue previously called?

Question: Where did a portion of Miami's black population migrate from in the early 1900s?
Passage: During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman."

Question: Who was a notable chief of the Miami police?

Question: To what controversial organization did a Miami chief of police belong?

Question: For what reason did H. Leslie Quigg kill a black man?

Question: What was the occupation of the African-American man killed by Quigg?
Passage: After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew. Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city (after El Paso, Texas) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.

Question: In what year did Fidel Castro take over Cuba?

Question: From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1980s and 90s?

Question: What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s?

Question: What is the largest city in the United States where a majority of the population speaks Spanish?

Question: Miami is the US city with the largest population of what ethnic group?
Passage: Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m) and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m) above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially created barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year.

Question: Where are the Everglades in relation to Miami?

Question: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction would one move?

Question: What is the northern terminus of Biscayne Bay?

Question: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Stream from Miami's coast?

Question: In meters, what is the average height above sea level of the Miami area?
Passage: The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than 50 feet (15 m) thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages. Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (8 m) above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau, stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas. The area behind this reef line was in effect a large lagoon, and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans. Starting about 100,000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped to 300 to 350 feet (90 to 110 m) below the contemporary level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.

Question: What is another name for Miami limestone?

Question: How many meters thick is the bedrock under Miami at its maximum?

Question: What Stage occurred approximately 130,000 years ago?

Question: How many meters did the Sangamonian Stage raise sea levels compared to their present level?

Question: What event caused sea levels to decrease approximately 100,000 years ago?
Passage: Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]

Question: Along with Miami Springs, where is the highest point of the Biscayne Aquifer?

Question: The Biscayne Aquifer stretches from Palm Beach County to where?

Question: After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running water in Miami?

Question: What is limited by Miami's high water table?
Passage: Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and PortMiami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.

Question: Along with West, Downtown and North, what is the other notable area of Miami?

Question: By cardinal direction, what part of the city is referred to as Downtown?

Question: Along with Port Miami, Watson Island and Brickell, what area is in Downtown Miami?

Question: On what street is the highest concentration of international banks in the US?

Question: Where is South Beach in relation to Downtown?
Passage: The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates.

Question: Along with Coconut Grove and Coral Way, what is notably present in southern Miami?

Question: When was Coral Way constructed?

Question: What does Coral Way connect to Coral Gables?

Question: In what year did the establishment of Coconut Grove occur?

Question: What part of Coconut Grove houses the city hall of Miami?
Passage: The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City.

Question: What notable theater is present in Overtown?

Question: After whom is the performing arts center in Midtown named?

Question: In what part of Miami is Midtown?

Question: What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1950s Miami?

Question: What northern Miami neighborhood is named for a Caribbean country?
Passage: Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am) with hot and humid summers and short, warm winters, with a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shapes its climate. With January averaging 67.2 °F (19.6 °C), winter features mild to warm temperatures; cool air usually settles after the passage of a cold front, which produces much of the little amount of rainfall during the season. Lows occasionally fall below 50 °F (10 °C), but very rarely below 35 °F (2 °C). Highs generally range between 70–77 °F (21–25 °C).

Question: What is Miami's Köppen climate classification?

Question: What type of weather does Miami have in the summer?

Question: In degrees Celsius, what is the average January temperature in Miami?

Question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the normal range of high temperatures in Miami?

Question: In degrees Celsius, what temperature does Miami rarely see?
Passage: The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October. During this period, temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s (29–35 °C), accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, but conditions still remain very muggy. Much of the year's 55.9 inches (1,420 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period. Dewpoints in the warm months range from 71.9 °F (22.2 °C) in June to 73.7 °F (23.2 °C) in August.

Question: When is the beginning of Miami's wet season?

Question: What month sees the end of the wet season in Miami?

Question: In degrees Celsius, what is the range of temperatures during the wet season?

Question: How many millimeters of rain fall on Miami annually?

Question: What is the typical August dew point in degrees Fahrenheit?
Passage: The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.

Question: Where does Miami rank in population among US cities?

Question: Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?

Question: How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?

Question: Where does Miami-Dade rank in population among metropolitan areas in the US?

Question: What fraction of the southern Florida population lives in Miami?
Passage: In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.

Question: What percentage of Miami-Dade's population was non-Hispanic white in 1960?

Question: What percentage of the Miami population in 1970 was black?

Question: What was the largest ethnic group in 1970 Miami?

Question: Along with Downtown and Edgewater, what area of Miami has notably seen increasing population densities?

Question: Starting in what decade did immigration from outside the United States begin to have a significant influence on Miami's population?
Passage: Several large companies are headquartered in or around Miami, including but not limited to: Akerman Senterfitt, Alienware, Arquitectonica, Arrow Air, Bacardi, Benihana, Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Corporation, Carnival Cruise Lines, Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company, Espírito Santo Financial Group, Fizber.com, Greenberg Traurig, Holland & Knight, Inktel Direct, Interval International, Lennar, Navarro Discount Pharmacies, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Oceania Cruises, Perry Ellis International, RCTV International, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Ryder Systems, Seabourn Cruise Line, Sedano's, Telefónica USA, UniMÁS, Telemundo, Univision, U.S. Century Bank, Vector Group and World Fuel Services. Because of its proximity to Latin America, Miami serves as the headquarters of Latin American operations for more than 1400 multinational corporations, including AIG, American Airlines, Cisco, Disney, Exxon, FedEx, Kraft Foods, LEO Pharma Americas, Microsoft, Yahoo, Oracle, SBC Communications, Sony, Symantec, Visa International, and Wal-Mart.

Question: Approximately how many multinationals have their Latin American operation headquarters in Miami?

Question: Why do so many multinationals have their Latin American headquarters in Miami?

Question: Along with Celebrity, Carnival, Norwegian, Oceania and Royal Caribbean, what cruise line is based in Miami?
Passage: Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the U.S. for Spanish language media. Univisión, Telemundo and UniMÁS have their headquarters in Miami, along with their production studios. The Telemundo Television Studios produces much of the original programming for Telemundo, such as their telenovelas and talk shows. In 2011, 85% of Telemundo's original programming was filmed in Miami. Miami is also a major music recording center, with the Sony Music Latin and Universal Music Latin Entertainment headquarters in the city, along with many other smaller record labels. The city also attracts many artists for music video and film shootings.

Question: Along with UniMÁS and Univisión, what Spanish language television station is headquartered in Miami?

Question: As of 2011, what percentage of original Telemundo programming was filmed in Miami?

Question: Along with Sony Music Latin, what music recording corporation is located in Miami?

Question: What is the name of the business that produces a significant portion of Telemundo's original programming?
Passage: Since 2001, Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers rising over 400 feet (122 m) built or currently under construction in the city. Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design. The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m) Four Seasons Hotel & Tower.

Question: How many 400+ foot skyscrapers have been built or are in the process of being built in Miami since 2001?

Question: What US cities have more impressive skylines than Miami's?

Question: What is Miami's world rank in terms of how impressive its skyline is?

Question: Of the fourteen tallest skyscrapers in Florida, how many are in Miami?

Question: What is the tallest skyscraper in Florida?
Passage: During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built. In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on houses. This rapid high-rise construction, has led to fast population growth in the city's inner neighborhoods, primarily in Downtown, Brickell and Edgewater, with these neighborhoods becoming the fastest-growing areas in the city. The Miami area ranks 8th in the nation in foreclosures. In 2011, Forbes magazine named Miami the second-most miserable city in the United States due to its high foreclosure rate and past decade of corruption among public officials. In 2012, Forbes magazine named Miami the most miserable city in the United States because of a crippling housing crisis that has cost multitudes of residents their homes and jobs. The metro area has one of the highest violent crime rates in the country and workers face lengthy daily commutes.

Question: When did the Florida land boom occur?

Question: What year saw the crash of the Miami housing market?

Question: Where does the area around Miami rank nationally in terms of foreclosures?

Question: Along with its political corruption, why did Forbes call Miami the country's second most miserable city in 2011?

Question: In what year did Forbes call Miami the country's most miserable city?
Passage: Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additionally, the city has the largest concentration of international banks in the country, primarily along Brickell Avenue in Brickell, Miami's financial district. Due to its strength in international business, finance and trade, many international banks have offices in Downtown such as Espírito Santo Financial Group, which has its U.S. headquarters in Miami. Miami was also the host city of the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations, and is one of the leading candidates to become the trading bloc's headquarters.

Question: What is Florida's busiest airport?

Question: What is the busiest cruise port in the world?

Question: In what year did Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas?

Question: What street is central to the financial district of Miami?

Question: Along with the Caribbean, from where does a significant amount of cargo enter MIA?