sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: Towards the end of the 1990s and into the 2000s, producers such as Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain and DJ Falcon began producing a new sound out of Paris's house scene. Together, they laid the groundwork for what would be known as the French house movement. By combining the harder-edged-yet-soulful philosophy of Chicago house with the melodies of obscure funk, state-of-the-art production techniques and the sound of analog synthesizers, they began to create the standards that would shape all house music.

Question: Daft Punk began producing a new sound out of what european city?

Question: When did Daft Punk begin producing a new sound?

Question: Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain, and DJ Falcon all came from what scene?
Passage: Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley proclaimed August 10, 2005 to be "House Unity Day" in Chicago, in celebration of the "21st anniversary of house music" (actually the 21st anniversary of the founding of Trax Records, an independent Chicago-based house label). The proclamation recognized Chicago as the original home of house music and that the music's original creators "were inspired by the love of their city, with the dream that someday their music would spread a message of peace and unity throughout the world". DJs such as Frankie Knuckles, Marshall Jefferson, Paul Johnson and Mickey Oliver celebrated the proclamation at the Summer Dance Series, an event organized by Chicago's Department of Cultural Affairs.

Question: When was House Unity Day in Chicago?

Question: Who proclaimed House Unity Day in Chicago?

Question: In 2005, what anniversary was house music celebrating?

Question: what was recognized as the original home of house music in 2005?

Question: What event was organized by Chicago's Department of Cultural Affairs to celebrate house music?
Passage: It was during this decade that vocal house became firmly established, both in the underground and as part of the pop market, and labels such as Defected Records, Roule and Om were at the forefront of championing the emerging sound. In the mid-2000s, fusion genres such as electro house and fidget house emerged.[citation needed] This fusion is apparent in the crossover of musical styles by artists such as Dennis Ferrer and Booka Shade, with the former's production style having evolved from the New York soulful house scene and the latter's roots in techno.

Question: Defected Records was at the forefront of what type of house music?

Question: Roule and Om was at the forefront of what type of house music?

Question: Dennis Ferrer produced what type of house fusion?

Question: in what time period did fusion genres of house emerge?
Passage: Numerous live performance events dedicated to house music were founded during the course of the decade, including Shambhala Music Festival and major industry sponsored events like Miami's Winter Music Conference. The genre even gained popularity in the Middle East in cities such as Dubai & Abu Dhabi[citation needed] and at events like Creamfields.

Question: Where did the Winter Music Conference take place?

Question: The Shambhala Music Festival was dedicated to what?

Question: where did house music gain popularity in the middle east?

Question: what event led to an increase in popularity for house music in the middle east?

Question: what large event in Miami was industry sponsored?
Passage: 2010s saw multiple new sounds in house music developed by numerous DJs. Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello (These three formed a trio called Swedish House Mafia), Avicii, Alesso, etc. Netherlands brought together a concept of "Dirty Dutch", electro house subgenre characterized by very abrasive leads and darker arpeggios, with prominent DJs Chuckie, Hardwell, Laidback Luke, Afrojack, R3hab, Bingo Players, Quintino, Alvaro, Cedric Gervais, 2G, etc. Elsewhere, fusion genres derivative of 2000s progressive house returned to prominence, especially with the help of DJs Calvin Harris, Eric Prydz, Mat Zo, Above & Beyond and Fonzerelli in Europe, Deadmau5, Kaskade, Steve Aoki, Porter Robinson and Wolfgang Gartner in the US and Canada. The growing popularity of such artists led to the emergence of electro house and progressive house blended sounds in popular music, such as singles Lady Gaga's "Marry the Night", The Black Eyed Peas' "The Best One Yet (The Boy)" and the will.i.am and Britney Spears "Scream & Shout". Big room house found increasing popularity since 2010, particularly through international dance music festivals such as Tomorrowland, Ultra Music Festival, and Electric Daisy Carnival.

Question: What was different about swedish progressive house music?

Question: Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Angello formed what successful trio?

Question: What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios?

Question: Progressive house blended sounds were prominent in the song "Marry the Night" by what popular artist?

Question: Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year?
Passage: In addition to these popular examples of house, there has also been a reunification of contemporary house and its roots. Many hip hop and R&B artists also turn to house music to add a mass appeal to the music they produce.

Question: There has been a reunification of contemporary house with what?

Question: Why do many hip hop and R&B artists turn to house music?

Question: What genre of artists has recently turned to house music to add mass appeal?
Passage: The terms upper case and lower case can be written as two consecutive words, connected with a hyphen (upper-case and lower-case), or as a single word (uppercase and lowercase). These terms originated from the common layouts of the shallow drawers called type cases used to hold the movable type for letterpress printing. Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate case that was located above the case that held the small letters, and the name proved easy to remember since capital letters are taller.

Question: The terms uppercase and lowercase originated from the common layout which type of drawers?

Question: Besides being a single word or two separate words, how can the words uppercase and lowercase be expressed?

Question: In relation to the shelf the small letters were located, where were the capital letters?

Question: Which characteristic of capital letters made it easy to remember.
Passage: The convention followed by many British publishers (including scientific publishers, like Nature, magazines, like The Economist and New Scientist, and newspapers, like The Guardian and The Times) and U.S. newspapers is to use sentence-style capitalisation in headlines, where capitalisation follows the same rules that apply for sentences. This convention is usually called sentence case. It may also be applied to publication titles, especially in bibliographic references and library catalogues. Examples of global publishers whose English-language house styles prescribe sentence-case titles and headings include the International Organization for Standardization.

Question: What is the basis of capitalization standards for the sentence-style capitalization?

Question: What is the popular capitalization structure and standard used by many British publishers and U.S. newspapers?

Question: What is an alternative name for sentence-style capitalization?

Question: Which popular global publisher utilizes sentence case for titles and headers?

Question: Besides headlines, what is sentence-style capitalization often applied to?
Passage: Similar developments have taken place in other alphabets. The lower-case script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the 7th century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the 8th century. Over time, uncial letter forms were increasingly mixed into the script. The earliest dated Greek lower-case text is the Uspenski Gospels (MS 461) in the year 835.[citation needed] The modern practice of capitalising the first letter of every sentence seems to be imported (and is rarely used when printing Ancient Greek materials even today).

Question: Which century did the lower-case script for the Greek Alphabet originate?

Question: Which century did the Greek alphabet acquire its quadrilinear form?

Question: Overtime which type of letter forms were mixed increasingly into the Greek language script?

Question: Which year is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?

Question: In which literature is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?
Passage: In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in the written representation of certain languages. Here is a comparison of the upper and lower case versions of each letter included in the English alphabet (the exact representation will vary according to the font used):

Question: In orthography and typography, what is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case and lower upper case

Question: Minuscule is a term uses to describe which case of letter?

Question: Capital letters refer to which case of letter?

Question: Letter case is used to distinction betweem lowercase and uppercase letter in which common representation of certain languages?
Passage: Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context (e.g. title vs. heading vs. text), is universally standardized for formal writing. (Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother, but that is because its users usually do not expect it to be formal.) In English, capital letters are used as the first letter of a sentence, a proper noun, or a proper adjective. There are a few pairs of words of different meanings whose only difference is capitalisation of the first letter. The names of the days of the week and the names of the months are also capitalised, as are the first-person pronoun "I" and the interjection "O" (although the latter is uncommon in modern usage, with "oh" being preferred). Other words normally start with a lower-case letter. There are, however, situations where further capitalisation may be used to give added emphasis, for example in headings and titles (see below). In some traditional forms of poetry, capitalisation has conventionally been used as a marker to indicate the beginning of a line of verse independent of any grammatical feature.

Question: Capitalization in English is universally standardized for which type of writing?

Question: In English the first letter of a sentence is which type of letter?

Question: What is capitalization commonly use to indicate in poetry independent of any grammatical feature?

Question: How is the first letter of a first-person pronoun handled mid sentence in English?

Question: The interjection "O" has been replaced by which more common and preferred word in English?
Passage: Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no longer stayed bound between a pair of lines. These in turn formed the foundations for the Carolingian minuscule script, developed by Alcuin for use in the court of Charlemagne, which quickly spread across Europe. The advantage of the minuscule over majuscule was improved, faster readability.[citation needed]

Question: Originally alphabets were written entirely in which type of letter?

Question: Rounder and simpler forms of letters came from writing quickly with which instrument?

Question: Who developed the Carolingian minuscule script for handwriting?

Question: Carolingian minuscule script quickly spread across which continent?

Question: What is a common advantage of miniscule over majuscule handwriting?
Passage: Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, letter case may indicate the relationship between objects with uppercase letters often representing "superior" objects (e.g. X could be a set containing the generic member x). Engineering design drawings are typically labelled entirely in upper-case letters, which are easier to distinguish than lowercase, especially when space restrictions require that the lettering be small.

Question: What is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by conventions of a particular discipline?

Question: Which kind of purpose is uppercase reserved for in orthography?

Question: Which is the most common variant of case in text?

Question: Engineering design drawings typically utiilze which case of letter in labeling?

Question: Why are uppercase letters preferred often times when space is restricted?
Passage: Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In Times New Roman, for instance, b, d, f, h, k, l, t are the letters with ascenders, and g, j, p, q, y are the ones with descenders. Further to this, with old-style numerals still used by some traditional or classical fonts—although most do have a set of alternative Lining Figures— 6 and 8 make up the ascender set, and 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 the descender set.

Question: Who do majuscules have which distinguish themselves from minuscules?

Question: In Time New Roman the letter "b" would be consider which type of letter based on whether it is above or below average height?

Question: Descending letters tend to have a part which falls where relative to the average height of a letter?

Question: Besides the number 6, which number makes of the ascender set in some traditional or classical fonts?
Passage: Most Western languages (particularly those with writing systems based on the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Coptic, and Armenian alphabets) use letter cases in their written form as an aid to clarity. Scripts using two separate cases are also called bicameral scripts. Many other writing systems make no distinction between majuscules and minuscules – a system called unicameral script or unicase. This includes most syllabic and other non-alphabetic scripts. The Georgian alphabet is special since it used to be bicameral, but today is mostly used in a unicameral way.

Question: What do most Western languages use in their written form to add clarity?

Question: What are writing systems which make no distinction between majuscales and minuscules often referred to as?

Question: Which alphabet is a special case because it transitioned from bicameral to unicameral?

Question: What are scripts that utilized two seperate cases called?
Passage: In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case letters have been developed from the fifth century uncials and the ninth century Carolingian minuscules seems to be wrong." Both majuscule and minuscule letters existed, but the difference between the two variants was initially stylistic rather than orthographic and the writing system was still basically unicameral: a given handwritten document could use either one style or the other but these were not mixed. European languages, except for Ancient Greek and Latin, did not make the case distinction before about 1300.[citation needed]

Question: Papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD have been to to be written in which hand writing?

Question: Whicy papyrologist theorized lowercase letter actually developed from the fifth century uncials?

Question: Which continents languages with few exceptions generally did not utilize case distinction until about the year 1300?

Question: What was the initial difference between majuscule and minuscule letters?

Question: Which type of document was general unicameral because the writer used one type of writing but not another?
Passage: As regards publication titles it is, however, a common typographic practice among both British and U.S. publishers to capitalise significant words (and in the United States, this is often applied to headings, too). This family of typographic conventions is usually called title case. For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style (2002) suggests capitalising "the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, but generally not articles, conjunctions and short prepositions". This is an old form of emphasis, similar to the more modern practice of using a larger or boldface font for titles. The rules for which words to capitalise are not based on any grammatically inherent correct/incorrect distinction and are not universally standardized; they are arbitrary and differ between style guides, although in most styles they tend to follow a few strong conventions, as follows:

Question: What is capitalization of significant words applied to in the United States besides titles?

Question: Capitalization of significant words refers to which family of typographic conventions?

Question: Which book of literature standards suggests capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs?

Question: The use of bold fonts and capilization in titles falls under which unusual grammatical distinction?
Passage: As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]". In other words, while the shapes of letters like A, B, E, H, K, M, O, P, T, X, Y and so on are shared between the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets (and small differences in their canonical forms may be considered to be of a merely typographical nature), it would still be problematic for a multilingual character set or a font to provide only a single codepoint for, say, uppercase letter B, as this would make it quite difficult for a wordprocessor to change that single uppercase letter to one of the three different choices for the lower-case letter, b (Latin), β (Greek), or в (Cyrillic). Without letter case, a "unified European alphabet" – such as ABБCГDΔΕZЄЗFΦGHIИJ…Z, with an appropriate subset for each language – is feasible; but considering letter case, it becomes very clear that these alphabets are rather distinct sets of symbols.

Question: Attempts to unify Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would create which sort of problems?

Question: What among many common letters is shared between Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic?

Question: What would be problematic for a multilingual character set or font to provide?

Question: What distinguishes Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic from one another?

Question: Although there are challenges a unified European alphabet is feasible even in the absence of which common language rule?
Passage: During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the southern part of the state, in a region known as Aridoamerica, Chichimeca people survived by hunting, gathering, and farming between AD 300 and 1300. The Chichimeca are the ancestors of the Tepehuan people.

Question: What was the name of the nomad tribes that hunted bison?

Question: Along which river did they hunt bison?

Question: How did the Chichimeca survive?

Question: The Chichimeca are the ancestors of what people?

Question: The Jornado painted onto what surface?
Passage: During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal priests and many poor people. Hidalgo fought to protect the rights of the poor and indigenous population. He started on a march to the capital, Mexico City, but retreated back north when faced with the elite of the royal forces at the outskirts of the capital. He established a liberal government from Guadalajara, Jalisco but was soon forced to flee north by the royal forces that recaptured the city. Hidalgo attempted to reach the United States and gain American support for Mexican independence. HIdalgo reached Saltillo, Coahuila where he publicly resigned his military post and rejected a pardon offered by Viceroy Francisco Venegas in return for Hidalgo's surrender. A short time later, he and his supporters were captured by royalist Ignacio Elizondo at the Wells of Baján (Norias de Baján) on March 21, 1811 and taken to the city of Chihuahua. Hidalgo forced the Bishop of Valladolid, Manuel Abad y Queipo, to rescind the excommunication order he had circulated against him on September 24, 1810. Later, the Inquisition issued an excommunication edict on October 13, 1810 condemning Miguel Hidalgo as a seditionary, apostate, and heretic.

Question: What was the name of the town in which Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declared independence?

Question: What was the name of the Proclamation?

Question: What was Hidalgo's occupation?

Question: What was the name of the royalist who captured Hidalgo?

Question: Which country had Hidalgo attempted to reach to gain support?
Passage: At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration. Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general. Gutiérrez yielded, but Escalante refused to surrender office, demonstrations of support ensued, but Escalante yielded when troops were summoned from Zacatecas. A new election brought a new legislature, and conforming governors. In September 1835 José Urrea a federalist army officer came into power.

Question: Who did Santa Anna order the reinstatement as comandante general?

Question: What was the name of the federalist army officer who eventually came into power during the new election?

Question: Who had actually won the original vote?

Question: Who was his deputy?

Question: Who refused to yield until troops were summoned?