sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However, technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close the gap through imitation. Therefore, a country's ability to learn from the leader is a function of its stock of "human capital". Recent study of the determinants of aggregate economic growth have stressed the importance of fundamental economic institutions and the role of cognitive skills.

Question: What is the theory behind Empirical analyses?

Question: What has been argued about high rates in education?

Question: What is greatly needed with technology transfer when it relates to education?
Passage: At the level of the individual, there is a large literature, generally related to the work of Jacob Mincer, on how earnings are related to the schooling and other human capital. This work has motivated a large number of studies, but is also controversial. The chief controversies revolve around how to interpret the impact of schooling. Some students who have indicated a high potential for learning, by testing with a high intelligence quotient, may not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties.[citation needed]

Question: Literature on how earnings and how it relates to schooling was greatly influenced by who?

Question: This view of how schooling and earnings has sparked a lot of studies, but what else has it brought up?

Question: What was one of the main concerns of this literature on how schooling and earnings?
Passage: Tennessee (i/tɛnᵻˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ, Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 653,450.

Question: Which state borders Tennessee to the east?

Question: Which mountains occupy much of eastern Tennessee?

Question: Which river marks Tennessee's border to the west?

Question: What is the capital of Tennessee?

Question: What is Tennessee's most populous city?
Passage: The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.

Question: What government formed in 1772 is considered the forerunner of Tennessee?

Question: What state held territory that would later become part of Tennessee?

Question: What date did Tennessee become one of the United States of America?

Question: Which was the final state to join the Confederacy before Civil War fighting started?

Question: Which of the Confederate states rejoined the Union first when the Civil War concluded?
Passage: Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state, and more soldiers for the Union Army than any other Southern state. Beginning during Reconstruction, it had competitive party politics, but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting. This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. In the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy, aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and, in the early 1940s, the city of Oak Ridge. This city was established to house the Manhattan Project's uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the world's first atomic bomb, which was used during World War II.

Question: Which part dominated Tennessee's politics in the late 1880s?

Question: Which Tennessee city was received significant federal investment in the 1940s?

Question: What part of the Manhattan Project did Tennessee host?

Question: What made Tennessee politics more competitive again in the middle of the 20th century?
Passage: Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including rock and roll, blues, country, and rockabilly.[not verified in body] Beale Street in Memphis is considered by many to be the birthplace of the blues, with musicians such as W.C. Handy performing in its clubs as early as 1909.[not verified in body] Memphis is also home to Sun Records, where musicians such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, and Charlie Rich began their recording careers, and where rock and roll took shape in the 1950s.[not verified in body] The 1927 Victor recording sessions in Bristol generally mark the beginning of the country music genre and the rise of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1930s helped make Nashville the center of the country music recording industry.[not verified in body] Three brick-and-mortar museums recognize Tennessee's role in nurturing various forms of popular music: the Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, and the International Rock-A-Billy Museum in Jackson. Moreover, the Rockabilly Hall of Fame, an online site recognizing the development of rockabilly in which Tennessee played a crucial role, is based in Nashville.[not verified in body]

Question: What locale in Memphis is know as the place where blues was born?

Question: What Tennessee recording company first promoted Elvis Presley?

Question: Which Tennessee city is home to the Country Music Hall of Fame?

Question: Which museum celebrating popular music is located in Jackson, Tennessee?

Question: In which year is W.C. Handy first known to have been playing in Tennessee clubs?
Passage: Tennessee's major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the state's primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment, and electrical equipment. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border. Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge; the Parthenon, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville; the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg; and Elvis Presley's Graceland residence and tomb, the Memphis Zoo, and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis.

Question: What is Tennessee's primary non-meat agricultural product?

Question: What trail forms part of the border Tennessee shares with North Carolina?

Question: Which national park in Tennessee sees more visitors that any other in the United States?

Question: Which Tennessee city hosts the state's most famous aquarium?

Question: What tourist attraction is located in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee?
Passage: The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through an American Indian village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while traveling inland from South Carolina. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River), and appears on maps as early as 1725. It is not known whether this was the same town as the one encountered by Juan Pardo, although recent research suggests that Pardo's "Tanasqui" was located at the confluence of the Pigeon River and the French Broad River, near modern Newport.

Question: Who first recorded a territorial name in the region that resembles its current name Tennessee?

Question: Which Native Americans had a town called Tanasi in present day Monroe County, Tennessee?

Question: Tanasi is know to have been located and mapped by British traders by which year?

Question: What nationality was Juan Pardo?
Passage: The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlake's "Draught of the Cherokee Country" in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. (Tennessee County was the predecessor to current-day Montgomery County and Robertson County.) When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state.

Question: Which governor is given credit for the name Tennessee as it is now spelled?

Question: Which work by Henry Timberlake made the current spelling of Tennessee widely popular?

Question: Which state created a county called Tennessee in 1788?

Question: Which two Tennessee counties cover the area that comprised North Carolina's Tennessee County?

Question: In which year did a constitutional convention meet to form a new state out of the unincorporated territory that would become Tennessee?
Passage: Tennessee is known as the "Volunteer State", a nickname some claimed was earned during the War of 1812 because of the prominent role played by volunteer soldiers from Tennessee, especially during the Battle of New Orleans. Other sources differ on the origin of the state nickname; according to the Columbia Encyclopedia, the name refers to volunteers for the Mexican–American War. This explanation is more likely, because President Polk's call for 2,600 nationwide volunteers at the beginning of the Mexican-American War resulted in 30,000 volunteers from Tennessee alone, largely in response to the death of Davy Crockett and appeals by former Tennessee Governor and now Texas politician, Sam Houston.

Question: By what nickname is Tennessee officially known?

Question: Which major conflict that included the Battle of New Orleans is said to have given Tennessee its nickname?

Question: How many volunteers did Tennessee send to the Mexican-American War?

Question: What conflict overseen by President Polk might be the source of Tennessee's nickname?

Question: Which local icon's death inspired many of the Tennessee volunteers during the Mexican-American War?
Passage: The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m). Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessee's eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River. The state line between Tennessee and North Carolina crosses the summit. The state's lowest point is the Mississippi River at the Mississippi state line (the lowest point in Memphis, nearby, is at 195 ft (59 m)). The geographical center of the state is located in Murfreesboro.

Question: What is the elevation of Tennessee's highest point?

Question: What mountain in Tennessee is the Appalachian Trail's highest point?

Question: What river is situated on Tennessee point of lowest elevation?

Question: Which city marks the geographical center of Tennessee?
Passage: Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville.

Question: Approximately how many miles long is Tennessee's Ridge and Valley region?

Question: What is the western part of the Tennessee Valley called?

Question: Which city is Tennessee's fourth largest?

Question: Together, Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport are known by what name?

Question: What river forms in the Tennessee Valley?
Passage: East Tennessee has several important transportation links with Middle and West Tennessee, as well as the rest of the nation and the world, including several major airports and interstates. Knoxville's McGhee Tyson Airport (TYS) and Chattanooga's Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA), as well as the Tri-Cities' Tri-Cities Regional Airport (TRI), provide air service to numerous destinations. I-24, I-81, I-40, I-75, and I-26 along with numerous state highways and other important roads, traverse the Grand Division and connect Chattanooga, Knoxville, and the Tri-Cities, along with other cities and towns such as Cleveland, Athens, and Sevierville.

Question: Which Tennessee airport has the code TYS?

Question: What is the name of the airport serving Chattanooga, TN?

Question: What interstate highways cross the Grand Division in Tennessee?

Question: An airport with which code serves the Tri-Cities area in Tennessee?
Passage: The easternmost section, about 10 miles (16 km) in width, consists of hilly land that runs along the western bank of the Tennessee River. To the west of this narrow strip of land is a wide area of rolling hills and streams that stretches all the way to the Mississippi River; this area is called the Tennessee Bottoms or bottom land. In Memphis, the Tennessee Bottoms end in steep bluffs overlooking the river. To the west of the Tennessee Bottoms is the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, less than 300 feet (90 m) above sea level. This area of lowlands, flood plains, and swamp land is sometimes referred to as the Delta region. Memphis is the economic center of West Tennessee and the largest city in the state.

Question: What is the lowland area of Tennessee between the Tennessee River and Mississippi River called?

Question: What geographical region lies west of the Tennessee bottom land?

Question: What maximum elevation is the land in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain?

Question: What city is central to the economy of West Tennessee?
Passage: Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.

Question: What is the most common climate across Tennessee?

Question: Most of Tennessee has which type of climate?

Question: Which mountains contain those parts of Tennessee with a temperate climate?

Question: Which body of ocean water affects Tennessee's climate the most?

Question: What is Tennessee's average annual precipitation in inches?

Question: Which range of months is Tennessee's wettest?
Passage: Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.

Question: What is Tennessee's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer?

Question: What is the highest temperature ever recorded in Tennessee?

Question: Where was the highest known temperature in Tennessee recorded?

Question: What Fahrenheit temperature is the lowest ever recorded in Tennessee?

Question: Where in Tennessee did the temperature reach -36 degrees Celsius in December of 1917?
Passage: While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.

Question: Which hurricane brought damaging rains to Tennessee in 1995?

Question: On average, how many days each year are there thunderstorms in Tennessee?

Question: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?

Question: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?

Question: What year in the 1990s did an unusual blizzard visit Tennessee?
Passage: The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.

Question: Which cities other than Knoxville have been the capital of Tennessee?

Question: How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?

Question: What distance in miles is Clarksville, TN from Nashville?

Question: Which city is Tennessee's sixth largest by population?

Question: Which two of the six most populous Tennessee cities are nearest the Great Smoky Mountains?
Passage: The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic (8000–1000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC–1000 AD), and Mississippian (1000–1600 AD), whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley before Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.

Question: How many years ago was Tennessee first inhabited by humans?

Question: What time period corresponds with the Mississippian cultural phase in early Tennessee history?

Question: Which Native American people are the first group to inhabit Tennessee that we know by name?

Question: What do archaeologists call the cultural phase of the inhabitants of Tennessee between 1000 BC and 1000 AD?
Passage: The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Pardo recorded the name "Tanasqui" from a local Indian village, which evolved to the state's current name. At that time, Tennessee was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Indian tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the Indian populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw and Choctaw, and ultimately, the Cherokee in 1838.

Question: Which European nationality first explored the Tennessee region?

Question: Which year did Hernando de Soto explore Tennessee?

Question: Which Native American peoples were living in Tennessee when Juan Pardo explored the area?

Question: Which Native American people left Tennessee for the Virginia area because of encroaching Europeans?

Question: By which year had most of the Native Americans been forced out of the Tennessee region?
Passage: The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner.

Question: In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee?

Question: What was the name of the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee?

Question: Which British officer oversaw the construction of Fort Loudoun?

Question: Which Cherokee faction forced the surrender of Fort Loudoun in 1760?

Question: Which British commanding officer was killed the day after Cherokee took Fort Loudon in 1760?