sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said that the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind the Queen's back in 1977, and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office. In 1980, Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found the Queen "better informed ... than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats". She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state. Patriation removed the role of the British parliament from the Canadian constitution, but the monarchy was retained. Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by "the grace she displayed in public" and "the wisdom she showed in private".

Question: About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?

Question: What was the subject under consideration in discussions in 1980?

Question: What did patriation of the Canadian Constitution remove from the constitution?

Question: What was retained in the constitution?

Question: What did Trudeau say Elizabeth favored?
Passage: In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year. In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state visit to Germany in October, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her; and, in November, a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences. The monarchy came under increased criticism and public scrutiny. In an unusually personal speech, the Queen said that any institution must expect criticism, but suggested it be done with "a touch of humour, gentleness and understanding". Two days later, the Prime Minister, John Major, announced reforms to the royal finances planned since the previous year, including the Queen paying income tax from 1993 onwards, and a reduction in the civil list. In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated. The year ended with a lawsuit as the Queen sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast. The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £200,000 to charity.

Question: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark?

Question: What did Elizabeth call her past year?

Question: When did Price Andrew separate from his wife?

Question: Who did Princess Anne divorce in April?

Question: What great house caught fire in November?
Passage: In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was "exasperated and frustrated" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair. She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.

Question: Who, in 2007, frustrated Elizabeth?

Question: What issue of Blair's did Elizabeth admire?

Question: When did Elizabeth attend a service at Armagm, in Ireland?

Question: What service did Elizabeth attend in Armagm?

Question: When did Elizabeth make the first visit to Ireland by a British monarch?
Passage: The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the "longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over part of Canada for longer.) She is the longest-reigning queen regnant in history, the world's oldest reigning monarch and second-longest-serving current head of state after King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand.

Question: Who did Elizabeth surpass in longest lived British monarch?

Question: What relation was Victoria to Elizabeth?

Question: When did Elizabeth become the longest reigning monarch?

Question: In age of monarchs, what is the rank of Elizabeth's reign?

Question: What head of stat has served longer than Elizabeth?
Passage: At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure from public opinion, she began to pay income tax for the first time, and Buckingham Palace was opened to the public. Discontent with the monarchy reached its peak on the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, though Elizabeth's personal popularity and support for the monarchy rebounded after her live television broadcast to the world five days after Diana's death.

Question: When was Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee?

Question: What increased in the 1980s?

Question: What was the main subject of public criticism in the 80's?

Question: What attribute of Elizabeth fell to low in the 1990s?

Question: What did Elizabeth start paying in the 1990 s?
Passage: Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories in Jamaica, Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. When in conversation with the Queen, the practice is to initially address her as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma'am.

Question: What feature do Elizabeth's titles usually follow in each country?

Question: What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Mann?

Question: What si Elizabeth's title in the Channel Islands?

Question: What is Elizabeth's title on the Isle of Mann?

Question: Once in conversation with the Queen, how is Elizabeth addressed?
Passage: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences. They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors. There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation. Research over several decades has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.

Question: What three factors do scientists believe are the cause of sexual orientation?

Question: What is the favored influence as to the cause of sexual orientation?

Question: IS there evidence that parenting and/or childhood play a role in determining sexual orientation?

Question: What is the observed continuum for sexual orientation?

Question: Do scientists know the cause of sexual orientation?

Question: What three factors do scientists believe are the cause of sexual orientation?

Question: Do scientists believe that parenting and/or childhood play a role in sexual orientation?

Question: What are the two extremes of the continuum of sexual orientation?

Question: Has science research figured out the cause of sexual orientation preferences?

Question: What type of theories are favored by scientists studying sexual orientation?

Question: Do scientist's know what can cause somebodys sexual orientation?

Question: What can scientifically be considered the main factors in somebodys sexual orientation?

Question: What cannot be considered a factor in sexual orientation due to the lack of evidence?

Question: What has the research that has been done already show about sexual orientation show?

Question: Which ideas do scientist lean towards causing sexual orientation?
Passage: Sexual identity and sexual behavior are closely related to sexual orientation, but they are distinguished, with sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual, and orientation referring to "fantasies, attachments and longings." Individuals may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors. People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity are sometimes referred to as 'closeted'. The term may, however, reflect a certain cultural context and particular stage of transition in societies which are gradually dealing with integrating sexual minorities. In studies related to sexual orientation, when dealing with the degree to which a person's sexual attractions, behaviors and identity match, scientists usually use the terms concordance or discordance. Thus, a woman who is attracted to other women, but calls herself heterosexual and only has sexual relations with men, can be said to experience discordance between her sexual orientation (homosexual or lesbian) and her sexual identity and behaviors (heterosexual).

Question: What is sexual identity defined as?

Question: What is sexual behavior defined as?

Question: What does the term closeted mean?

Question: What are the terms related to the degree to which a person's sexual attractions, behavior and identity match?

Question: What is sexual orientation defined as?

Question: What are the differences in sexual identity and sexual behaviour?

Question: Does a person have to show their sexual oreintation in their personal acts?

Question: What is a term that can be used for someone who does not show their homosexuality openly?

Question: What word is used when somebodys sexual orientation, behaviors, and idenity do not match?

Question: Which word is used when somebodys sexual orientation, behaviors, and idenity match?
Passage: Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages. Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.

Question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?

Question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?

Question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?

Question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship?

Question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship?

Question: What are some things that can cause a homosexual person to be with the opposite sex?

Question: Can a homosexual person still grow their sexual identiries while with the opposit sex?

Question: What kind of hardships can a homosexual face when admitting their ssexuality while in a heterosexual marriage?

Question: Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys?
Passage: No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation. These include the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association, National Association of Social Workers in the USA, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Australian Psychological Society.

Question: How does the mental health profession approach efforts to change sexual orientation?

Question: What do these policy statements suggest?

Question: What are some of the organizations that have released policy statements?

Question: What are some of the organizations that have released policy statements?

Question: Are their any mental health proffesionals that have programs to change sexual orientation?

Question: What policy statement has almost all proffesionals applied to their practices?

Question: What are some professional associations that do not offer changing sexual orientation programs?
Passage: From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.

Question: Who was the sexologist that published a scheme in 1896?

Question: What did the published scheme attempt to do?

Question: How did the scheme measure desire?

Question: What were the two scales defined as?

Question: How many points were on each scale?

Question: When did the questioning of human sexual responses begin?

Question: Who created the ten point scale on a persons sexuals desire?

Question: What year did Magnus Hirschfeld create the ten point scale on a persons sexual desire.

Question: On Magnus's ten point scale what would a homosexual person be considered?

Question: On the ten point scale what would an asexual person be considered as?
Passage: A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum, with each end representing opposite extremes. When compared on the same scale, they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa. However, if they are considered as separate dimensions one can be simultaneously very masculine and very feminine. Similarly, considering heterosexuality and homosexuality on separate scales would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either. When they are measured independently, the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual as determined using the Kinsey Scale.

Question: What was a concern of the Kinsey scale?

Question: How are masculinity and femininity more appropriately measured?

Question: What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale?

Question: What is the advantage of measuring these elements separately?

Question: What is considered to be a problem with the Kinsey scale?

Question: What did the research performed in the 1970s show about masculinity and feminity?

Question: What would be possible if homesexuality and heterosexuality where measured on different scales?

Question: What is another benefit of measuring sexuality on two scaless verses just the Kinsey scale?
Passage: Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation. Generally, there are three components of sexual orientation used in assessment. Their definitions and examples of how they may be assessed are as follows:

Question: How does research identify sexual population groups?

Question: What is the understanding of the scales used?

Question: Why might the scales fail?

Question: How many components are used in assessment?

Question: What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group?

Question: What is the general idea regading these scales that are used?

Question: What can cause problems with these scales that are used?

Question: How many components are used in an assessment?
Passage: Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

Question: What myth did Bruce Voeller perpetuate in the 70's?

Question: What were the calculations of this myth?

Question: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth?

Question: What comes along with defining how much of the population is homosexual?

Question: What does knowing the sexual population influence?

Question: Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?

Question: What did Bruce Voeller do with his findings?

Question: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s?
Passage: Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human primates (bonobos) having sex. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).

Question: Do men and women's patterns of arousal differ?

Question: Are the patterns related to orientation?

Question: What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?

Question: What stimuli did men show no arousal towards?

Question: Men's arousal patterns were found to be with?

Question: What did a study on men and womens sexual arousal show?

Question: Did women in the studys become aroused to heterosexual stimulation?

Question: Did men have any arousal from non human videos containing sex?

Question: Did mens arousal relate to the sexual interests?
Passage: Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia) are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual attraction, as an alternative to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. They are used for identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject. Related terms such as pansexual and polysexual do not make any such assignations to the subject. People may also use terms such as queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual, or personalized identities such as byke or biphilic.

Question: What science terms are used to describe sexual attraction?

Question: These terms are an alternative to what conceptualization?

Question: What are these terms not attributing to the subject/person being described?

Question: What are other terms that do not make similar assignments?

Question: What are other terms used in the same vein as pansexual?

Question: Which terms are used in describing sexual desires?

Question: What are two other words for androphilia and gynephlia?

Question: What are the terms androphilia and gynephial use for?

Question: What are other common words that people may use for homosexual and heterosexual people?
Passage: Translation is a major obstacle when comparing different cultures. Many English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language. Translation and vocabulary obstacles are not limited to the English language. Language can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation. Language can also be used to signal sexual orientation to others. The meaning of words referencing categories of sexual orientation are negotiated in the mass media in relation to social organization. New words may be brought into use to describe new terms or better describe complex interpretations of sexual orientation. Other words may pick up new layers or meaning. For example, the heterosexual Spanish terms marido and mujer for "husband" and "wife", respectively, have recently been replaced in Spain by the gender-neutral terms cónyuges or consortes meaning "spouses".

Question: What tends to be a major obstacle when comparing cultures?

Question: What can force individuals to identify with a label that may not reflect true orientation?

Question: Where are the meanings of words negotiated?

Question: What can be brought into play to describe interpretations of sexual orientation?

Question: What is a major hurdle when studying different cultures?

Question: Why does translation cause such issues among different cultures?

Question: What problems can arise due to translation issues?

Question: What can be used to signal sexual idenitys to others?