sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, As-Sa'iqa, the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, and the Abu Nidal Organization. He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral. Gaddafi also welcomed the three surviving attackers in Tripoli following their release in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 a few weeks later and allowed them to go into hiding.

Question: What Palestinian political figure had a poor relationship with Gaddafi?

Question: What organization did Arafat belong to?

Question: Who was responsible for the attack on Israeli athletes in 1972?

Question: In what city did the 1972 attack on Israeli athletes occur?

Question: How many terrorists survived the 1972 Munich attack?
Passage: Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, ETA, Sardinian nationalists, Action directe, the Red Brigades, and the Red Army Faction in Europe, and the Armenian Secret Army, Japanese Red Army, Free Aceh Movement, and Moro National Liberation Front in Asia. Gaddafi was indiscriminate in the causes he funded, sometimes switching from supporting one side in a conflict to the other, as in the Eritrean War of Independence. Throughout the 1970s these groups received financial support from Libya, which came to be seen as a leader in the Third World's struggle against colonialism and neocolonialism. Though many of these groups were labelled "terrorists" by critics of their activities, Gaddafi rejected such a characterisation, instead considering them revolutionaries engaged in liberation struggles.

Question: During what decade did Libya finance militant groups?

Question: During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides?

Question: On what continent did the Red Army Faction operate?

Question: What was the Third World fighting against in the 1970s?

Question: What was the ANC combating?
Passage: On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of "poisonous" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France.

Question: On what date did Gaddafi declare the beginning of a "Popular Revolution"?

Question: What type of revolution began as a result of the third point?

Question: What happened to Libya's laws as a result of the first point of Gaddafi's speech?

Question: How many points did the Popular Revolution plan have?

Question: Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution?
Passage: As part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participation that was more democratic than a traditional party-based representative system. He hoped that the councils would mobilize the people behind the RCC, erode the power of the traditional leaders and the bureaucracy, and allow for a new legal system chosen by the people.

Question: What were the Libyan people instructed to create in conjunction with the Popular Revolution?

Question: Along with the bureaucracy, who were the General People's Committees directed at?

Question: What political system did Gaddafi claim was less democratic than the General People's Committees?
Passage: The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba'athists, Marxists and Islamists. Operating in a pyramid structure, the base form of these Committees were local working groups, who sent elected representatives to the district level, and from there to the national level, divided between the General People's Congress and the General People's Committee. Above these remained Gaddafi and the RCC, who remained responsible for all major decisions.

Question: What kind of structure did the People's Committee system use?

Question: What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to?

Question: Along with Ba'athists and Islamists, who was arrested as a result of the actions of the People's Committees?

Question: Along with the General People's Congress, what national body represented the People's Committees?
Passage: In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed by China's political leader Mao Zedong. As part of this theory, Gaddafi praised nationalism as a progressive force and advocated the creation of a pan-Arab state which would lead the Islamic and Third Worlds against imperialism.

Question: Who was the founder of Three Worlds Theory?

Question: In what month and year did Gaddafi begin Third International Theory?

Question: What sort of state did Gaddafi believe should be founded?

Question: Along with the United States, what country did Gaddafi believe to be imperialist?

Question: What economic philosophy was associated with the West?
Passage: Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs regarding socialism, while the third explored social issues regarding the family and the tribe. While the first two volumes advocated radical reform, the third adopted a socially conservative stance, proclaiming that while men and women were equal, they were biologically designed for different roles in life. During the years that followed, Gaddafists adopted quotes from The Green Book, such as "Representation is Fraud", as slogans. Meanwhile, in September 1975, Gaddafi implemented further measures to increase popular mobilization, introducing objectives to improve the relationship between the Councils and the ASU.

Question: Gaddafi's written work on Third International Theory consisted of how many volumes?

Question: When was the last volume of Gaddafi's work on Third International Theory published?

Question: What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings?

Question: What volume of The Green Book discussed democracy?

Question: What political philosophy was discussed in the second volume of The Green Book?
Passage: In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution. In 1976, student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students. The RCC responded with mass arrests, and introduced compulsory national service for young people. Dissent also arose from conservative clerics and the Muslim Brotherhood, who were persecuted as anti-revolutionary. In January 1977, two dissenting students and a number of army officers were publicly hanged; Amnesty International condemned it as the first time in Gaddafist Libya that dissenters had been executed for purely political crimes.

Question: In what year was the Office for the Security of the Revolution founded?

Question: In what year did student protests occur in Benghazi?

Question: How many senior officers were expelled fro the army in 1975?

Question: How many students were executed in January of 1977?

Question: Who criticized the political execution of students and military officers that occurred in January 1977?
Passage: Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian airspace into Israeli-held territory during a sandstorm. Gaddafi was infuriated that Egypt had not done more to prevent the incident, and in retaliation planned to destroy the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, a British ship chartered by American Jews to sail to Haifa for Israel's 25th anniversary. Gaddafi ordered an Egyptian submarine to target the ship, but Sadat cancelled the order, fearing a military escalation.

Question: Whose rise to the presidency of Egypt led to the decline in relations between Egypt and Libya?

Question: What nation's military destroyed Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114?

Question: What city was the destination of RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?

Question: Why did Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 accidentally fly into Israel's airspace?

Question: Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?
Passage: Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry took Sadat's side, Gaddafi by 1975 sponsored the Sudan People's Liberation Army to overthrow Nimeiry. Focusing his attention elsewhere in Africa, in late 1972 and early 1973, Libya invaded Chad to annex the uranium-rich Aouzou Strip. Offering financial incentives, he successfully convinced 8 African states to break off diplomatic relations with Israel in 1973. Intent on propagating Islam, in 1973 Gaddafi founded the Islamic Call Society, which had opened 132 centres across Africa within a decade. In 1973 he converted Gabonese President Omar Bongo, an action which he repeated three years later with Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic.

Question: Who was allied with Egypt during the Yom Kippur War?

Question: Who was the president of Sudan in 1975?

Question: What revolutionary group sought to overthrow the president of Sudan?

Question: Prior to the Libyan invasion, what country was the Aouzou Strip a part of?

Question: What element did the Aouzou Strip possess a great deal of?
Passage: Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-government militants in Tunisia into the 1980s. Turning his attention to Algeria, in 1975 Libya signed the Hassi Messaoud defence agreement allegedly to counter "Moroccan expansionism", also funding the Polisario Front of Western Sahara in their independence struggle against Morocco. Seeking to diversify Libya's economy, Gaddafi's government began purchasing shares in major European corporations like Fiat as well as buying real estate in Malta and Italy, which would become a valuable source of income during the 1980s oil slump.

Question: What country formed a political union with Libya in 1974?

Question: What was the name of the abortive political union between Tunisia and Libya in 1974?

Question: Who was the president of Tunisia in 1974?

Question: With what country did Libya conclude the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement?

Question: Against what government was the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement directed against?
Passage: On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest. Dissolving the Libyan Arab Republic, it was replaced by the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية‎, al-Jamāhīrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Lībīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah al-Ishtirākīyah), a "state of the masses" conceptualized by Gaddafi. Officially, the Jamahiriya was a direct democracy in which the people ruled themselves through the 187 Basic People's Congresses, where all adult Libyans participated and voted on national decisions. These then sent members to the annual General People's Congress, which was broadcast live on television. In principle, the People's Congresses were Libya's highest authority, with major decisions proposed by government officials or with Gaddafi himself requiring the consent of the People's Congresses.

Question: What was the name of the state founded in Libya on March 2, 1977?

Question: How many Basic People's Congresses existed in the Jamahiriya?

Question: What body did the members elected by the Basic People's Congresses attend?

Question: What was the official name of Libya prior to the establishment of the Jamahiriya?

Question: How often did the General People's Congress occur?
Passage: Debate remained limited, and major decisions regarding the economy and defence were avoided or dealt with cursorily; the GPC largely remained "a rubber stamp" for Gaddafi's policies. On rare occasions, the GPC opposed Gaddafi's suggestions, sometimes successfully; notably, when Gaddafi called on primary schools to be abolished, believing that home schooling was healthier for children, the GPC rejected the idea. In other instances, Gaddafi pushed through laws without the GPC's support, such as when he desired to allow women into the armed forces. Gaddafi proclaimed that the People's Congresses provided for Libya's every political need, rendering other political organizations unnecessary; all non-authorized groups, including political parties, professional associations, independent trade unions and women's groups, were banned.

Question: What was the GPC accused of being vis-à-vis Gaddafi?

Question: What policy did Gaddafi propose that the GPC was against?

Question: What type of education did Gaddafi prefer to primary schools?

Question: What was a policy that Gaddafi instituted without support from the GPC?
Passage: With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahiriya because it guaranteed the protection of private property, contravening The Green Book's socialism. His emphasis on placing his own work on a par with the Qur'an led conservative clerics to accuse him of shirk, furthering their opposition to his regime. In July, a border war broke out with Egypt, in which the Egyptians defeated Libya despite their technological inferiority. The conflict lasted one week before both sides agreed to sign a peace treaty that was brokered by several Arab states. That year, Gaddafi was invited to Moscow by the Soviet government in recognition of their increasing commercial relationship.

Question: What book did the Jamahiriya look to for legal advice?

Question: What tenet of sharia did Gaddafi believe was incompatible with socialism?

Question: What relationship led the Soviets to invite Gaddafi to Moscow?

Question: What did conservative Muslim clerics accuse Gaddafi of?

Question: Who won a border war with Libya?
Passage: In December 1978, Gaddafi stepped down as Secretary-General of the GPC, announcing his new focus on revolutionary rather than governmental activities; this was part of his new emphasis on separating the apparatus of the revolution from the government. Although no longer in a formal governmental post, he adopted the title of "Leader of the Revolution" and continued as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He continued exerting considerable influence over Libya, with many critics insisting that the structure of Libya's direct democracy gave him "the freedom to manipulate outcomes".

Question: In what year did Gaddafi resign from his position in the GPC?

Question: Prior to his resignation, what office did Gaddafi occupy in the GPC?

Question: After Gaddafi stepped down from the GPC, what title did he take?

Question: What authority did Gaddafi have over the Libyan armed forces?
Passage: Libya began to turn towards socialism. In March 1978, the government issued guidelines for housing redistribution, attempting to ensure the population that every adult Libyan owned his own home and that nobody was enslaved to paying their rent. Most families were banned from owning more than one house, while former rental properties were seized and sold to the tenants at a heavily subsidized price. In September, Gaddafi called for the People's Committees to eliminate the "bureaucracy of the public sector" and the "dictatorship of the private sector"; the People's Committees took control of several hundred companies, converting them into worker cooperatives run by elected representatives.

Question: In September of 1978, what bureaucracy did Gaddafi speak out against?

Question: What "dictatorship" did Gaddafi attack in September of 1978?

Question: After People's Committees expropriated companies, what did they turn them into?

Question: How many companies were taken over by People's Committees?
Passage: On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military. Dominated by revolutionary zealots, the Revolutionary Committees were led by Mohammad Maghgoub and a Central Coordinating Office, and met with Gaddafi annually. Publishing a weekly magazine The Green March (al-Zahf al-Akhdar), in October 1980 they took control of the press. Responsible for perpetuating revolutionary fervour, they performed ideological surveillance, later adopting a significant security role, making arrests and putting people on trial according to the "law of the revolution" (qanun al-thawra). With no legal code or safeguards, the administration of revolutionary justice was largely arbitrary and resulted in widespread abuses and the suppression of civil liberties: the "Green Terror."

Question: On what date did the GPC separate the revolution from the government?

Question: Who was the leader of the Revolutionary Committees?

Question: What was the English name of the magazine published by the Revolutionary Committees?

Question: How often was al-Zahf al-Akhdar published?

Question: What bodies represented the revolution after the separation of government and revolution?
Passage: In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government would take control of all import, export and distribution functions, with state supermarkets replacing privately owned businesses; this led to a decline in the availability of consumer goods and the development of a thriving black market.

Question: Where did land redistribution begin in 1979?

Question: When did the Jefara plain land redistribution end?

Question: What was the maximum amount of money a person could have in their bank account without having it expropriated in 1980?

Question: What took the place of private businesses in 1981?

Question: As a result of the 1981 laws putting the government in control of commerce, what began to thrive?
Passage: The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the administration, and a number of western-funded opposition groups were founded by exiles. Most prominent was the National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL), founded in 1981 by Mohammed Magariaf, which orchestrated militant attacks against Libya's government, while another, al-Borkan, began killing Libyan diplomats abroad. Following Gaddafi's command to kill these "stray dogs", under Colonel Younis Bilgasim's leadership, the Revolutionary Committees set up overseas branches to suppress counter-revolutionary activity, assassinating various dissidents. Although nearby nations like Syria also used hit squads, Gaddafi was unusual in publicly bragging about his administration's use of them; in June 1980, he ordered all dissidents to return home or be "liquidated wherever you are."

Question: What tribe did Gaddafi belong to?

Question: What Libyan government official allegedly plotted to kill Gaddafi in 1978?

Question: In 1981, what Libyan opposition group was founded?

Question: Who founded the NFSL?

Question: What group notably murdered Libyan diplomats?
Passage: In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterranean, signalling the collapse of relations between the two countries. Libyan relations with Lebanon and Shi'ite communities across the world also deteriorated due to the August 1978 disappearance of imam Musa al-Sadr when visiting Libya; the Lebanese accused Gaddafi of having him killed or imprisoned, a charge he denied. Relations with Syria improved, as Gaddafi and Syrian President Hafez al-Assad shared an enmity with Israel and Egypt's Sadat. In 1980, they proposed a political union, with Libya paying off Syria's £1 billion debt to the Soviet Union; although pressures led Assad to pull out, they remained allies. Another key ally was Uganda, and in 1979, Gaddafi sent 2,500 troops into Uganda to defend the regime of President Idi Amin from Tanzanian invaders. The mission failed; 400 Libyans were killed and they were forced to retreat. Gaddafi later came to regret his alliance with Amin, openly criticising him.

Question: What list did the United States add Libya to in 1979?

Question: In what Libyan city was the United States embassy burned in 1979?

Question: What event prompted the burning of the US embassy in Libya?

Question: How much money did Syria owe to the Soviets as of 1980?

Question: What country's military was attacking Uganda in 1979?