sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: Norfolk Island is the only non-mainland Australian territory to have achieved self-governance. The Norfolk Island Act 1979, passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1979, is the Act under which the island was governed until the passing of the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015. The Australian government maintains authority on the island through an Administrator, currently Gary Hardgrave. From 1979 to 2015, a Legislative Assembly was elected by popular vote for terms of not more than three years, although legislation passed by the Australian Parliament could extend its laws to the territory at will, including the power to override any laws made by the assembly.

Question: What is the only non-mainland Australian territory that is governed by itself?

Question: What is the name of the Act that formerly governed Norfolk Island?

Question: What is the name of the new Act that governs Norfolk Island, passed in 2015?

Question: Who is the current administrator of Norfolk Island?

Question: During 1979-2015, Legislative Assembly terms lasted no longer than how many years?
Passage: The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a "weighted first past the post system". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as an advisory body to the Administrator. The last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island was Lisle Snell. Other ministers included: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development; Minister for Finance; Minister for Cultural Heritage and Community Services; and Minister for Environment.

Question: The Assembly of Norfolk Island is made of how many seats?

Question: What method of voting does Norfolk Island use for it's Assembly?

Question: Four members of the Assembly made up what Council, responsible for devising policy for Norfolk Island?

Question: Who was the last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?

Question: What is the official name for the Minister in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?
Passage: Disagreements over the island's relationship with Australia were put in sharper relief by a 2006 review undertaken by the Australian government. Under the more radical of two models proposed in the review, the island's legislative assembly would have been reduced to the status of a local council. However, in December 2006, citing the "significant disruption" that changes to the governance would impose on the island's economy, the Australian government ended the review leaving the existing governance arrangements unaltered.

Question: How many models did Australia propose to Norfolk Island's legislative assembly?

Question: What would the more severe of the proposed plans threaten to reduce Norfolk Island's assembly to?

Question: When did the Australian government end their review on Norfolk Island?

Question: The Australian government said that changes to Norfolk Island's government would cause what?
Passage: It was announced on 19 March 2015 that self-governance for the island would be revoked by the Commonwealth and replaced by a local council with the state of New South Wales providing services to the island. A reason given was that the island had never gained self-sufficiency and was being heavily subsidised by the Commonwealth, by $12.5 million in 2015 alone. It meant that residents would have to start paying Australian income tax, but they would also be covered by Australian welfare schemes such as Centrelink and Medicare.

Question: When did the Commonwealth of Australia announce that Norfolk Island would no longer be governed by itself?

Question: What did the Commonwealth want to replace the Norfolk Island government with?

Question: From what state did the proposed council come from?

Question: What benefits would Norfolk Island residents receive as a result of the new council?

Question: What would Norfolk Island residents have to start paying as a result of the new council?
Passage: The Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly decided to hold a referendum on the proposal. On 8 May 2015, voters were asked if Norfolk Islanders should freely determine their political status and their economic, social and cultural development, and to "be consulted at referendum or plebiscite on the future model of governance for Norfolk Island before such changes are acted upon by the Australian parliament". 68% out of 912 voters voted in favour. The Norfolk Island Chief Minister, Lisle Snell, said that "the referendum results blow a hole in Canberra's assertion that the reforms introduced before the Australian Parliament that propose abolishing the Legislative Assembly and Norfolk Island Parliament were overwhelmingly supported by the people of Norfolk Island".

Question: When did the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island vote regarding the proposed Australian reforms?

Question: How many Norfolk Island residents voted on May 8, 2015?

Question: What percentage of Norfolk Island residents voted in favor of self-governance?

Question: Who is Norfolk Island's Chief Minister?

Question: According to Lisle Snell, Australian Parliament thought that abolishing Norfolk Island's self-governance would be what?
Passage: Norfolk Island was originally a colony acquired by settlement but was never within the British Settlements Act. It was accepted as a territory of Australia, separate from any state, by the Norfolk Island Act 1913 (Cth), passed under the territories power (Constitution section 122) and made effective in 1914. In 1976 the High Court of Australia held unanimously that Norfolk Island is a part of the Commonwealth. Again, in 2007 the High Court of Australia affirmed the validity of legislation that made Australian citizenship a necessary qualification for voting for, and standing for election to, the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island.

Question: Norfolk Island was originally a what?

Question: Norfolk Island became a territory of what country?

Question: Under what Act was Norfolk Island accepted as a territory of Australia?

Question: Who decided in 1976 that Norfolk Island is a part of the Commonwealth?

Question: What was a necessary qualification for voting in Norfolk Island?
Passage: The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme. From 1 July 2016, the Australian migration system will replace the immigration arrangements currently maintained by the Norfolk Island Government.

Question: What has been heavily restricted in Norfolk Island, until recently?

Question: When were the immigration protocols relaxed in Norfolk Island?

Question: What aided in the relaxation of immigration protocols to Norfolk Island?

Question: What must Australian and New Zealand citizens do in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island?

Question: When will the Australian migration system replace Norfolk Island's immigration policies?
Passage: Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nations must carry a passport to travel to Norfolk Island even if arriving from other parts of Australia. Holders of Australian visas who travel to Norfolk Island have departed the Australian Migration Zone. Unless they hold a multiple-entry visa, the visa will have ceased; in which case they will require another visa to re-enter mainland Australia.

Question: What automatic right do Australian citizens and residents have on Norfolk Island after meeting the criteria in Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012?

Question: What do citizens from other nations need in order to travel to Norfolk Island?

Question: What do Australian citizens need in order to travel to Norfolk Island?

Question: When someone has an Australian visa and they want to travel to Norfolk Island, where must they depart?

Question: What will happen to travelers with an Australian visa who don't depart from the Australian Migration Zone?
Passage: Non-Australian citizens who are Australian permanent residents should be aware that during their stay on Norfolk Island they are "outside of Australia" for the purposes of the Migration Act. This means that not only will they need a still-valid migrant visa or Resident return visa to return from Norfolk Island to the mainland, but also the time spent in Norfolk Island will not be counted for satisfying the residence requirement for obtaining a Resident return visa in the future. On the other hand, as far as Australian nationality law is concerned, Norfolk Island is a part of Australia, and any time spent by an Australian permanent resident on Norfolk Island will count as time spent in Australia for the purpose of applying for Australian citizenship.

Question: What Act declares Non-Australian residents "outside of Australia" while they are on Norfolk Island?

Question: What does a Non-Australian citizen who is a resident need to return from Norfolk Island to the mainland?

Question: As far as Australian nationality law goes, Norfolk Island is considered a part of what?

Question: According to Australian nationality law, time spent by a permanent Australian resident on Norfolk Island will do what?
Passage: Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island. Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme do not cover Norfolk Island. All visitors to Norfolk Island, including Australians, are recommended to purchase travel insurance. Although the hospital can perform minor surgery, serious medical conditions are not permitted to be treated on the island and patients are flown back to mainland Australia. Air charter transport can cost in the order of A$30,000. For serious emergencies, medical evacuations are provided by the Royal Australian Air Force. The island has one ambulance staffed by St John Ambulance Australia volunteers.

Question: What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island?

Question: What are visitors of Norfolk Island recommended to purchase?

Question: Where are Norfolk Island patients who need serious treatment flown to?

Question: Who handles serious medical emergencies on Norfolk Island?

Question: Who staffs the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island?
Passage: The Australian government controls the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and revenue from it extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) around Norfolk Island (roughly 428,000km2) and territorial sea claims to three nautical miles (6 km) from the island. There is a strong belief on the island that some of the revenue generated from Norfolk's EEZ should be available to providing services such as health and infrastructure on the island, which the island has been responsible for, similar to how the Northern Territory is able to access revenue from their mineral resources. The exclusive economic zone provides the islanders with fish, its only major natural resource. Norfolk Island has no direct control over any marine areas but has an agreement with the Commonwealth through the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) to fish "recreationally" in a small section of the EEZ known locally as "the Box". While there is speculation that the zone may include oil and gas deposits, this is not proven. There are no major arable lands or permanent farmlands, though about 25 per cent of the island is a permanent pasture. There is no irrigated land. The island uses the Australian dollar as its currency.

Question: What services do Norfolk Island residents believe should be made available from the Norfolk Island's EEZ profit?

Question: What is Norfolk Island's only major natural resource?

Question: What is the name of the area residents of Norfolk Island are permitted to fish recreationally?

Question: What is speculated to be available in Norfolk Island's EEZ zone?

Question: What percentage of Norfolk Island is a permanent pasture?
Passage: Residents of Norfolk Island do not pay Australian federal taxes, creating a tax haven for locals and visitors alike. Because there is no income tax, the island's legislative assembly raises money through an import duty, fuel levy, medicare levy, GST of 12% and local/international phone calls. In a move that apparently surprised many islanders the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island, David Buffett, announced on 6 November 2010 that the island would voluntarily surrender its tax free status in return for a financial bailout from the federal government to cover significant debts. The introduction of income taxation will now come into effect on July 1, 2016, with a variation of opinion on the island about these changes but with many understanding that for the island's governance to continue there is a need to pay into the commonwealth revenue pool so that the island can have assistance in supporting its delivery of State government responsibilities such as health, education, medicare, and infrastructure. Prior to these reforms residents of Norfolk Island were not entitled to social services. It appears that the reforms do extend to companies and trustees and not only individuals.

Question: Norfolk Island inhabitants and visitors don't pay what?

Question: Who is the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?

Question: What reason did David Buffett give for Norfolk Island surrendering its' tax-free status?

Question: When will income tax be introduced on Norfolk Island?

Question: What type of services were Norfolk Island inhabitants unable to receive prior to this announcement?
Passage: As of 2004[update], 2532 telephone main lines are in use, a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits. Satellite communications services are planned.[citation needed] There is one locally based radio station (Radio Norfolk 89.9FM), broadcasting on both AM and FM frequencies. There is also one TV station, Norfolk TV, featuring local programming, plus transmitters for Australian channels ABC, SBS, Imparja Television and Southern Cross Television. The Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is .nf.

Question: How many main telephone lines were being used on Norfolk Island, as of 2004?

Question: How many analog telephone lines were being used on Norfolk Island, as of 2004?

Question: How many local radio stations does Norfolk Island have?

Question: What is the name of Norfolk Island's only TV station?

Question: What is Norfolk Island's Internet country code top-level domain?
Passage: There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on the day. The jetty on the leeward side of the island is often used. If the wind changes significantly during unloading/loading, the ship will move around to the other side. Visitors often gather to watch the activity when a supply ship arrives.

Question: Where are loading jetties found on Norfolk Island?

Question: How is a supply ship unloaded when it reaches Norfolk Island?

Question: What determines the jetty that's used by supply ships to Norfolk Island?

Question: Where can you find the often-used jetty on Norfolk Island?

Question: Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island?
Passage: Burke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary née Nagle (c. 1702 – 1770) was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a déclassé County Cork family (and a cousin of Nano Nagle), whereas his father, a successful solicitor, Richard (died 1761), was a member of the Church of Ireland; it remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism. The Burke dynasty descends from an Anglo-Norman knight surnamed de Burgh (latinised as de Burgo) who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland.

Question: Where was Burke born?

Question: What was Burke's mother's maiden name?

Question: When did Burke's mother die?

Question: When did Burke's father die?

Question: When did Burke's ancestors arrive in Ireland?
Passage: In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, "Edmund Burke's Club", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergraduate society in the world. The minutes of the meetings of Burke's Club remain in the collection of the Historical Society. Burke graduated from Trinity in 1748. Burke's father wanted him to read Law, and with this in mind he went to London in 1750, where he entered the Middle Temple, before soon giving up legal study to travel in Continental Europe. After eschewing the Law, he pursued a livelihood through writing.

Question: When did Burke begin attending Trinity College Dublin?

Question: What type of people did Trinity College Dublin not allow to earn degrees there?

Question: When did Edmund Burke start a debate club?

Question: What club did Edmund Burke's debate club merge with in 1770?

Question: When did Edmund Burke graduate?
Passage: Burke claimed that Bolingbroke's arguments against revealed religion could apply to all social and civil institutions as well. Lord Chesterfield and Bishop Warburton (and others) initially thought that the work was genuinely by Bolingbroke rather than a satire. All the reviews of the work were positive, with critics especially appreciative of Burke's quality of writing. Some reviewers failed to notice the ironic nature of the book, which led to Burke stating in the preface to the second edition (1757) that it was a satire.

Question: Which bishop didn't realize the satirical nature of Burke's book?

Question: Which lord didn't realize the satirical nature of Burke's book?

Question: When was the 2nd edition of Burke's book published?

Question: Where did Burke make it clear that his book was a satire?
Passage: Richard Hurd believed that Burke's imitation was near-perfect and that this defeated his purpose: an ironist "should take care by a constant exaggeration to make the ridicule shine through the Imitation. Whereas this Vindication is everywhere enforc'd, not only in the language, and on the principles of L. Bol., but with so apparent, or rather so real an earnestness, that half his purpose is sacrificed to the other". A minority of scholars have taken the position that, in fact, Burke did write the Vindication in earnest, later disowning it only for political reasons.

Question: Who thought that Burke's imitation was too perfect to be effective ridicule?

Question: Why did a few scholars think Burke hadn't intended his book as a satire yet later claimed it was a satire?

Question: Whose principles did Burke imitate?
Passage: On 25 February 1757, Burke signed a contract with Robert Dodsley to write a "history of England from the time of Julius Caesar to the end of the reign of Queen Anne", its length being eighty quarto sheets (640 pages), nearly 400,000 words. It was to be submitted for publication by Christmas 1758. Burke completed the work to the year 1216 and stopped; it was not published until after Burke's death, being included in an 1812 collection of his works, entitled An Essay Towards an Abridgement of the English History. G. M. Young did not value Burke's history and claimed that it was "demonstrably a translation from the French". Lord Acton, on commenting on the story that Burke stopped his history because David Hume published his, said "it is ever to be regretted that the reverse did not occur".

Question: When did Burke sign a contract for a history of England?

Question: How many words long was Burke's history of England contracted to be?

Question: How many pages long was Burke's history of England contracted to be?

Question: When was Burke's history of England published?

Question: Which author's history of England being published before Burke's might have dissuaded Burke from continuing his?
Passage: During the year following that contract, with Dodsley, Burke founded the influential Annual Register, a publication in which various authors evaluated the international political events of the previous year. The extent to which Burke contributed to the Annual Register is unclear: in his biography of Burke, Robert Murray quotes the Register as evidence of Burke's opinions, yet Philip Magnus in his biography does not cite it directly as a reference. Burke remained the chief editor of the publication until at least 1789 and there is no evidence that any other writer contributed to it before 1766.

Question: What publication did Burke found?

Question: The Annual Register covered international events of what type?

Question: Burke was the only known writer for the Register until what year?

Question: Burke was the chief editor for the Register until at least what year?

Question: Who wrote a biography of Burke?
Passage: At about this same time, Burke was introduced to William Gerard Hamilton (known as "Single-speech Hamilton"). When Hamilton was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, Burke accompanied him to Dublin as his private secretary, a position he held for three years. In 1765 Burke became private secretary to the liberal Whig statesman, Charles, Marquess of Rockingham, then Prime Minister of Great Britain, who remained Burke's close friend and associate until his untimely death in 1782. Rockingham also introduced Burke as a Freemason.

Question: What was William Gerard Hamilton's nickname?

Question: Who was William Gerard Hamilton's private secretary?

Question: When did Burke become the Prime Minister's private secretary?

Question: Who invited Burke to join the Freemasons?

Question: What political party was Charles, Marquess of Rockingham in?
Passage: Burke took a leading role in the debate regarding the constitutional limits to the executive authority of the king. He argued strongly against unrestrained royal power and for the role of political parties in maintaining a principled opposition capable of preventing abuses, either by the monarch, or by specific factions within the government. His most important publication in this regard was his Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents of 23 April 1770. Burke identified the "discontents" as stemming from the "secret influence" of a neo-Tory group he labelled as, the "king's friends", whose system "comprehending the exterior and interior administrations, is commonly called, in the technical language of the Court, Double Cabinet". Britain needed a party with "an unshaken adherence to principle, and attachment to connexion, against every allurement of interest". Party divisions "whether operating for good or evil, are things inseparable from free government".

Question: Who did Burke want constitutional limits on the power of?

Question: What type of institution did Burke think could offer opposition to abuses of power?

Question: What type of group were the "king's friends"?

Question: What was Burke's most important publication about limiting royal power?