sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions. This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods.

Question: What kind of climate occurred in the Americas?

Question: What disappeared during the Archaic period?

Question: What became the norm for the mobile bands?

Question: What did they rely less and less on?

Question: What was there a pattern of in this period?
Passage: The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation.

Question: What is the current name of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities?

Question: UNFPA's work concerns what general area?

Question: One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what?

Question: Another of UNFPA's goals is to make all childbirths what?

Question: What, in addition to its work against obstetric fistula, is UNFPA campaigning against?
Passage: The UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee.

Question: In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate?

Question: About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?

Question: UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group?

Question: UNFPA groups what area in the same geographic region as the Arab States?
Passage: UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly.

Question: When did UNFPA begin its work?

Question: What was UNFPA's original name?

Question: When did the organization change its name?

Question: UNFPA was originally administered by what U.N. body?

Question: When was UNFPA moved to being under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly?
Passage: In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere.

Question: When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals?

Question: How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals?

Question: How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?

Question: The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period?
Passage: The Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in particular Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on education and Goal 5 on gender equality - and contributes in a variety of ways to achieving many of the rest.

Question: Are the Sustainable Development Goals considered ambitious or modest in scope?

Question: The third of the goals concerns what?

Question: What does the fourth goal focus on improving?

Question: What is the topic of the fifth goal?
Passage: Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN 2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria) 2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia) 1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan) 1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)

Question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?

Question: Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?

Question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010?

Question: Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2000?
Passage: UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs. The Fund works with governments and non-governmental organizations in over 150 countries with the support of the international community, supporting programs that help women, men and young people:

Question: UNFPA is the largest worldwide funder of what type of programs?

Question: In how many countries does UNFPA operate?

Question: In addition to working directly with governments, with whom does UNFPA work?

Question: What supports UNFPA's work?

Question: The Fund's programs support women, men, and who else?
Passage: According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system.

Question: UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?

Question: These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?

Question: What is the third element?
Passage: The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.

Question: Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?

Question: To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid?

Question: What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development?

Question: Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?

Question: The Fund is represented by a Patron and who else?
Passage: UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people.

Question: UNFPA's mission is to promote the rights and health of whom?

Question: With whom does UNFPA work in partnership?

Question: With what sort of agencies does UNFPA work?

Question: In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA do with its partners?

Question: Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies?
Passage: UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.

Question: UNFPA has been accused of supporting what type of abortion?

Question: UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?

Question: What groups have made these accusations against UNFPA?

Question: Controversy regarding these accusations has caused conflict with how many presidential administrations?
Passage: Contributions from governments and the private sector to UNFPA in 2014 exceeded $1 billion. The amount includes $477 million to the organization’s core resources and $529 million earmarked for specific programs and initiatives.

Question: Who contributes to UNFPA?

Question: Contributions exceeded how much in 2014?

Question: How much of its funding was earmarked?

Question: What was the amount of funding for UNFPA's core resources?
Passage: UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.

Question: During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?

Question: Peru was found to have been coercing what?

Question: UNFPA responded to Peruvian abuses by calling for what?

Question: UNFPA's goal in Peru was to protect whose rights?

Question: After the scandal became public, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?
Passage: From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.

Question: Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA?

Question: During what period did the administration deny funding?

Question: Who allocates UNFPA funding in the U.S.?

Question: What in the Chinese program caused trouble for UNFPA?

Question: What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding violated?
Passage: UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was refuted by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China. Specifically, a three-person U.S State Department fact-finding team was sent on a two-week tour throughout China. It wrote in a report to the State Department that it found "no evidence that UNFPA has supported or participated in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization in China," as has been charged by critics.

Question: Which country was administering forced abortions?

Question: How many people were on the U.S. fact-finding team?

Question: Which U.S. department investigated the allegations?
Passage: However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else.

Question: What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of helping China carry out?

Question: What was this official's position at the time?

Question: Who was the official that accused UNFPA?

Question: What was UNFPA accused of contributing to the Chinese program?

Question: What papers reported on this incident?
Passage: Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.

Question: Which representative criticized the the State Department investigation?

Question: The representative said that inspectors had been show what sort of villages?

Question: Which former director defended UNFPA?

Question: Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2005?

Question: What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were still being employed by China?
Passage: But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning offices, and in that family planning office, we located the UNFPA office, and we confirmed from family planning officials there that there is no distinction between what the UNFPA does and what the Chinese Family Planning Office does," said Scott Weinberg, a spokesman for PRI. However, United Nations Members disagreed and approved UNFPA’s new country program me in January 2006. The more than 130 members of the “Group of 77” developing countries in the United Nations expressed support for the UNFPA programmes. In addition, speaking for European democracies -- Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Germany -- the United Kingdom stated, ”UNFPA’s activities in China, as in the rest of the world, are in strict conformity with the unanimously adopted Programme of Action of the ICPD, and play a key role in supporting our common endeavor, the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

Question: What organization found no evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?

Question: In 2001, what organization accused UNFPA of sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials?

Question: In January 2006, who approved UNFPA's new country programme?

Question: How many members does the “Group of 77” have?

Question: Who, speaking for the European democracies, also defended UNFPA?
Passage: President Bush denied funding to the UNFPA. Over the course of the Bush Administration, a total of $244 million in Congressionally approved funding was blocked by the Executive Branch.

Question: Which government official blocked funding to the UNFPA?

Question: What was the name of the official who blocked UNFPA funding?

Question: How much funding was blocked?

Question: Which branch of government denied the UNFPA funding?

Question: How had the UNFPA funding been initially approved?
Passage: In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.

Question: Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?

Question: Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008?

Question: Which non-European donor was most important to the UNFPA in 2008?

Question: In 2008, over how many countries contributed to the UNFPA?
Passage: In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations.

Question: What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to make up for the loss of United States funding for the UNFPA?

Question: What kind of organization is Friends of UNFPA?

Question: What was Friends of UNFPA's previous name?

Question: What type of United States funding does Friends of UNFPA try to replace?

Question: Through what sort of donations does Friends of UNFPA raise money?
Passage: In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries."

Question: Which president began funding UNFPA again?

Question: In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?

Question: In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?

Question: The president said the U.S. would be joining how many donor nations?

Question: The president said funding the U.N. Population Fund would help in how many countries?
Passage: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.

Question: Which ocean is along eastern Russia?

Question: Which union did Russia belong to after 1922?

Question: When did the RSFSR cease to be a part of the Soviet Union?

Question: How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR?

Question: The RSFSR contains how many oblasts?

Question: How many autonomous oblasts were part of the RSFSR?

Question: How many krais were present in the RSFSR?
Passage: Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".

Question: Which group originally created the Soviet state?

Question: Who led the group which created the Soviet state?

Question: Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution?

Question: How long did the new Russian Soviet state go unrecognized by other countries?

Question: What name did people opposed to the Bolsheviks use for the Soviet state?

Question: Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917?

Question: What body was overthrown by the October Revolution?

Question: For how long did the Soviet Union go unrecognized?

Question: What derisive label was given to the USSR by the enemies of the Bolsheviks?
Passage: On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.

Question: When was the Soviet Union created?

Question: How many republics were in the USSR?

Question: What name for Russia was listed in the Soviet Constitution?

Question: When did the Soviet Union include the final Russian name for its republic in the Constitution?

Question: In which war was Russia involved in 1700?

Question: On what date was the Soviet Union created?

Question: How many republics made up the USSR by the end of 1922?

Question: In what year was the name Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic adopted?

Question: What document renamed the country the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?

Question: In what year was the Great Northern War fought?
Passage: On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.

Question: When did the Soviet Union break up?

Question: Which name did Russia take after the fall of the Soviet Union?

Question: What is the current official name of Russia?

Question: When was the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution?

Question: When was Russia renamed the Russian Federation?

Question: What event led to Russia being renamed the Russian Federation?

Question: When was Russia made an official state name of the Russian Federation?

Question: What 1993 document confirmed Russia as an official state name of the Russian Federation?
Passage: The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.

Question: Which country did the RSFSR border on the west?

Question: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?

Question: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the southeast?

Question: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the south?

Question: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west?

Question: What country borders Russia on the west?

Question: Along with Norway, what country borders the RSFSR on the northwest?

Question: In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR?

Question: Along with the Mongolian People's Republic and the People's Republic of China, what country did the RSFSR border to its southeast?
Passage: The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.

Question: When did the Soviet regime first become powerful?

Question: Which government was in power before the Soviet regime?

Question: Which revolution led to the Soviet regime's rise to power?

Question: How long was the state of the Soviet regime unrecognized by other countries?

Question: What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled?

Question: When did the Soviet government assume power?

Question: What event led to the assumption of power by the Soviet government?

Question: What body governed Russia prior to the Soviet government?

Question: In months, for how long was the new Soviet state unrecognized?