sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: Mac OS continued to evolve up to version 9.2.2, including retrofits such as the addition of a nanokernel and support for Multiprocessing Services 2.0 in Mac OS 8.6, though its dated architecture made replacement necessary. Initially developed in the Pascal programming language, it was substantially rewritten in C++ for System 7. From its beginnings on an 8 MHz machine with 128 KB of RAM, it had grown to support Apple's latest 1 GHz G4-equipped Macs. Since its architecture was laid down, features that were already common on Apple's competition, like preemptive multitasking and protected memory, had become feasible on the kind of hardware Apple manufactured. As such, Apple introduced Mac OS X, a fully overhauled Unix-based successor to Mac OS 9. OS X uses Darwin, XNU, and Mach as foundations, and is based on NeXTSTEP. It was released to the public in September 2000, as the Mac OS X Public Beta, featuring a revamped user interface called "Aqua". At US$29.99, it allowed adventurous Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release. The initial version of Mac OS X, 10.0 "Cheetah", was released on March 24, 2001. Older Mac OS applications could still run under early Mac OS X versions, using an environment called "Classic". Subsequent releases of Mac OS X included 10.1 "Puma" (2001), 10.2 "Jaguar" (2002), 10.3 "Panther" (2003) and 10.4 "Tiger" (2005).

Question: What did dated architecture on the Mac OS line make necessary?

Question: What programming language was the Mac OS initially developed in?

Question: What language replaced Pascal for System 7?

Question: What was the fuly overhauled successor to Mac OS 9?

Question: Upon release, what interface allowed Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release?
Passage: The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the "Thunderbolt" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs.

Question: What is the only mainstream computer platform to successfully transition to a new CPU architecture?

Question: What is the standard amount of RAM included with almost all current Mac models?

Question: Which MacBook Pro port can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second?

Question: When was the iMac G5 released?

Question: Which interface did Apple introduce that was capable of being operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer?

Question: What is the standard amount of RAM shipped with most Mac models?

Question: What processors are used by the current Mac product family?

Question: How many data transfer ports are included in most current Macs?

Question: According to Apple, how fast can the Thunderbolt port transfer data?
Passage: Originally, the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an alternative operating system. The most common workaround, is to boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application. Used even by Apple for A/UX and MkLinux, this technique is no longer necessary since the introduction of Open Firmware-based PCI Macs, though it was formerly used for convenience on many Old World ROM systems due to bugs in the firmware implementation.[citation needed] Now, Mac hardware boots directly from Open Firmware in most PowerPC-based Macs or EFI in all Intel-based Macs.

Question: Which technique was once used to boot an alternate operating system than Mac OS?

Question: What was introduced that made using Mac OS alternative operating systems easier?

Question: What were Open Firmware-based PCI Macs used as a convenience because of?

Question: Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs?

Question: Where does Mac harware boot directly to in most PowerPC-based Macs?
Passage: In 1982, Regis McKenna was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh. Later the Regis McKenna team grew to include Jane Anderson, Katie Cadigan and Andy Cunningham, who eventually led the Apple account for the agency. Cunningham and Anderson were the primary authors of the Macintosh launch plan. The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products, including the "multiple exclusive," event marketing (credited to John Sculley, who brought the concept over from Pepsi), creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product's creation.

Question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982?

Question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Macintosh launch plan?

Question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Apple?

Question: Which company first used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?

Question: What did the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?
Passage: Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI.

Question: Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994?

Question: Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1994?

Question: What happened to Apple's market share with the release of Windows 95?

Question: What unified Microsoft's MS-DOS and Windows products?

Question: What significantly enhanced the multimedia capability of IBM PC compatible computers?
Passage: Statistics from late 2003 indicate that Apple had 2.06 percent of the desktop share in the United States that had increased to 2.88 percent by Q4 2004. As of October 2006, research firms IDC and Gartner reported that Apple's market share in the U.S. had increased to about 6 percent. Figures from December 2006, showing a market share around 6 percent (IDC) and 6.1 percent (Gartner) are based on a more than 30 percent increase in unit sale from 2005 to 2006. The installed base of Mac computers is hard to determine, with numbers ranging from 5% (estimated in 2009) to 16% (estimated in 2005).

Question: What percent of the desktop share in the U.S. did Apple have in 2003?

Question: Who are IDC and Gartner?

Question: What was Apple's market share in the U.S. by 2006?

Question: What percentage of unit sale increase did Apple see from 2005 to 2006?

Question: What was the estimated installed base of Mac computers in 2009?
Passage: The Macintosh SE was released at the same time as the Macintosh II for $2900 (or $3900 with hard drive), as the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot. The SE's expansion slot was located inside the case along with the CRT, potentially exposing an upgrader to high voltage. For this reason, Apple recommended users bring their SE to an authorized Apple dealer to have upgrades performed. The SE also updated Jerry Manock and Terry Oyama's original design and shared the Macintosh II's Snow White design language, as well as the new Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) mouse and keyboard that had first appeared on the Apple IIGS some months earlier.

Question: When was the Macintosh SE released at the same time as?

Question: What was the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?

Question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh SE?

Question: What did the location of the SE's expansion slot potentially expose an upgrader to?

Question: Who did Apple suggest users go to for performing updates on their SE's?
Passage: In recent years, Apple has seen a significant boost in sales of Macs. This has been attributed, in part, to the success of the iPod and the iPhone, a halo effect whereby satisfied iPod or iPhone owners purchase more Apple products, and Apple has since capitalized on that with the iCloud cloud service that allows users to seamlessly sync data between these devices and Macs. Nonetheless, like other personal computer manufacturers, the Macintosh lines have been hurt by consumer trend towards smartphones and tablet computers (particularly Apple's own iPhone and iPad, respectively) as the computing devices of choice among consumers.

Question: What is partially credited for the significant boost in sales of Macs in recent years?

Question: What allows users to easily sync data between an iPhone and a Mac?

Question: What consumer trend has hurt many personal computer manufacturers?

Question: Which smartphone has hurt personal computer manufacterers the most?

Question: What are the top two computing devices consumers are choosing?
Passage: In response, Apple introduced a range of relatively inexpensive Macs in October 1990. The Macintosh Classic, essentially a less expensive version of the Macintosh SE, was the least expensive Mac offered until early 2001. The 68020-powered Macintosh LC, in its distinctive "pizza box" case, offered color graphics and was accompanied by a new, low-cost 512×384 pixel monitor. The Macintosh IIsi was essentially a 20 MHz IIci with only one expansion slot. All three machines sold well, although Apple's profit margin on them was considerably lower than that on earlier models.

Question: What did Apple introduce in 1990 to combat competition from smartphones?

Question: What was the less expensive version of the Macintosh SE that was offered until 2001?

Question: Which Macintosh had a distinctive "pizza box" case?

Question: How many expansion slots did the Macintosh IIsi have?

Question: How did Apple's profit margin on the lower cost Mac's compare to the profit margin onearlier models?
Passage: Starting in 2006, Apple's industrial design shifted to favor aluminum, which was used in the construction of the first MacBook Pro. Glass was added in 2008 with the introduction of the unibody MacBook Pro. These materials are billed as environmentally friendly. The iMac, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini lines currently all use aluminum enclosures, and are now made of a single unibody. Chief designer Jonathan Ive continues to guide products towards a minimalist and simple feel, including eliminating of replaceable batteries in notebooks. Multi-touch gestures from the iPhone's interface have been applied to the Mac line in the form of touch pads on notebooks and the Magic Mouse and Magic Trackpad for desktops.

Question: When did Apple begin to favor aluminum in their design?

Question: Which Mac used aluminum in it's construction?

Question: Which material did Apple add with the 2008 unibody MacBrook Pro?

Question: Are aluminum and glass considered to be environmentally friendly or environmentally harmful?

Question: What has Chief Designer Jonathan Ive been able to eliminate in Mac notebooks?
Passage: The Macintosh project was begun in 1979 by Jef Raskin, an Apple employee who envisioned an easy-to-use, low-cost computer for the average consumer. He wanted to name the computer after his favorite type of apple, the McIntosh, but the spelling was changed to "Macintosh" for legal reasons as the original was the same spelling as that used by McIntosh Laboratory, Inc., the audio equipment manufacturer. Steve Jobs requested that McIntosh Laboratory give Apple a release for the name with its changed spelling so that Apple could use it, but the request was denied, forcing Apple to eventually buy the rights to use the name. (A 1984 Byte Magazine article suggested Apple changed the spelling only after "early users" misspelled "McIntosh". However, Jef Raskin had adopted the Macintosh spelling by 1981, when the Macintosh computer was still a single prototype machine in the lab. This explanation further clashes with the first explanation given above that the change was made for "legal reasons.")

Question: Who began the Macintosh project in 1979?

Question: What was Jef Raskin's profession?

Question: What did Jef Raskin envision for a computer to be for an average consumer?

Question: Why was the spelling of McIntosh changed to Macintosh?

Question: What did McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. manufacture?
Passage: After the Lisa's announcement, John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project at Apple in February 1983. The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in Fremont, California—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December. The Macintosh was introduced by a US$1.5 million Ridley Scott television commercial, "1984". It most notably aired during the third quarter of Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984, and is now considered a "watershed event" and a "masterpiece." Regis McKenna called the ad "more successful than the Mac itself." "1984" used an unnamed heroine to represent the coming of the Macintosh (indicated by a Picasso-style picture of the computer on her white tank top) as a means of saving humanity from the "conformity" of IBM's attempts to dominate the computer industry. The ad alludes to George Orwell's novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which described a dystopian future ruled by a televised "Big Brother."

Question: Who discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project in 1983?

Question: Where was the Macintosh 128K manufactured?

Question: How much did the television commercial "1984" cost?

Question: What did the television commercial "1984" introduce?

Question: What did Regis McKenna call the "1984" ad that was aired during the Super Bowl?
Passage: The Macintosh (/ˈmækᵻntɒʃ/ MAK-in-tosh; branded as Mac since 1997) is a series of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse. This first model was later renamed to "Macintosh 128k" for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture. Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of "Mac", though the product family has been nicknamed "Mac" or "the Mac" since the development of the first model.

Question: When was the Macintosh branded as Mac?

Question: Who designed, develped, and marketed the Mac computers?

Question: What did Steve Jobs introduce on January 24, 1984?

Question: What interface type did the original Macintosh include?

Question: When did Apple begin phasing out Macintosh in favor of "Mac"?
Passage: In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing was unique to the Macintosh, but eventually became available for other platforms. Later, applications such as Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator strengthened the Mac's position as a graphics computer and helped to expand the emerging desktop publishing market.

Question: When was the activity of desktop publishing first used?

Question: What company was desktop publishing unique to at it's beginning?

Question: What three things were combined to develop desktop publishing?

Question: What did desktop publishing enable users to do?

Question: What applications strengthened Mac's position as a graphics computer?
Passage: Raskin was authorized to start hiring for the project in September 1979, and he immediately asked his long-time colleague, Brian Howard, to join him. His initial team would eventually consist of himself, Howard, Joanna Hoffman, Burrell Smith, and Bud Tribble. The rest of the original Mac team would include Bill Atkinson, Bob Belleville, Steve Capps, George Crow, Donn Denman, Chris Espinosa, Andy Hertzfeld, Bruce Horn, Susan Kare, Larry Kenyon, and Caroline Rose with Steve Jobs leading the project.

Question: What year was Raskin hired by Apple?

Question: Who did Raskin immediately hire to help him on the Apple project in 1979?

Question: Who comprised the original Mac team besides Raskin?

Question: Who eventually lead the project on the Mac team?
Passage: From 2001 to 2008, Mac sales increased continuously on an annual basis. Apple reported worldwide sales of 3.36 million Macs during the 2009 holiday season. As of Mid-2011, the Macintosh continues to enjoy rapid market share increase in the US, growing from 7.3% of all computer shipments in 2010 to 9.3% in 2011. According to IDC's quarterly PC tracker, globally, in 3rd quarter of 2014, Apple's PC market share increased 5.7 percent year over year, with record sales of 5.5 million units. Apple now sits in the number five spot, with a global market share of about 6% during 2014, behind Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer.

Question: How many Macs did Apple sell worldwide during the 2009 holiday season?

Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2010?

Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2011?

Question: What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2014?

Question: Who outperformed Apple in the 2014 PC global market share?
Passage: In 1987, Apple spun off its software business as Claris. It was given the code and rights to several applications, most notably MacWrite, MacPaint, and MacProject. In the late 1980s, Claris released a number of revamped software titles; the result was the "Pro" series, including MacDraw Pro, MacWrite Pro, and FileMaker Pro. To provide a complete office suite, Claris purchased the rights to the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program on the Mac, renaming it Claris Resolve, and added the new presentation software Claris Impact. By the early 1990s, Claris applications were shipping with the majority of consumer-level Macintoshes and were extremely popular. In 1991, Claris released ClarisWorks, which soon became their second best-selling application. When Claris was reincorporated back into Apple in 1998, ClarisWorks was renamed AppleWorks beginning with version 5.0.

Question: In 1987, what did Apple spin off its software business as?

Question: Which series of applications was Claris responsible for inventing?

Question: What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program?

Question: What was ClarisWorks renamed beginning with version 5.0?

Question: When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Apple?
Passage: Two days after "1984" aired, the Macintosh went on sale, and came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: MacWrite and MacPaint. It was first demonstrated by Steve Jobs in the first of his famous Mac keynote speeches, and though the Mac garnered an immediate, enthusiastic following, some labeled it a mere "toy." Because the operating system was designed largely around the GUI, existing text-mode and command-driven applications had to be redesigned and the programming code rewritten. This was a time-consuming task that many software developers chose not to undertake, and could be regarded as a reason for an initial lack of software for the new system. In April 1984, Microsoft's MultiPlan migrated over from MS-DOS, with Microsoft Word following in January 1985. In 1985, Lotus Software introduced Lotus Jazz for the Macintosh platform after the success of Lotus 1-2-3 for the IBM PC, although it was largely a flop. Apple introduced the Macintosh Office suite the same year with the "Lemmings" ad. Infamous for insulting its own potential customers, the ad was not successful.

Question: What two applications came bundled with Macs 2 days after "1984" was aired?

Question: Why did many software developers choose not to redesign the Mac operating system and rewrite the programming code?

Question: What year did Microsoft's MultiPlan migrate over from MS-DOS?

Question: What year was Apple's Macintosh Office suite introduced?

Question: What did Apple's "Lemmings" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful?
Passage: Apple has generally dominated the premium PC market, having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $1,000 in 2009, according to NPD. The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, compared to 13 percent for Dell, seven percent for Hewlett Packard, six percent for Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer. While sales of the Macintosh have largely held steady, in comparison to Apple's sales of the iPhone and iPad which increased significantly during the 2010s, Macintosh computers still enjoy high margins on a per unit basis, with the majority being their MacBooks that are focused on the ultraportable niche that is the most profitable and only growing segment of PCs. It also helped that the Macintosh lineup is simple, updated on a yearly schedule, and consistent across both Apple retail stores, and authorized resellers where they have a special "store within a store" section to distinguish them from Windows PCs. In contrast, Windows PC manufacturers generally have a wide range of offerings, selling only a portion through retail with a full selection on the web, and often with limited-time or region-specific models. The Macintosh ranked third on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2011 holiday season, then moved up to second in 2012 by displacing Hewlett Packard, and in 2013 took the top spot ahead of Dell.

Question: According to NPD, who has generally dominated the premium PC market?

Question: What was Macintosh ranked on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2011 holiday season?

Question: Who did Macintosh displace from 2nd place on the 2012 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?

Question: Who did Macintosh displace from 1st place on the 2013 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?

Question: Which of Apple's products is focused on the ultraportable niche of PC's?