sentence-transformers/squad huggingface dataset:
Passage: From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer Józef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and composition.[n 3] Throughout this period he continued to compose and to give recitals in concerts and salons in Warsaw. He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ, the "eolomelodicon", and on this instrument in May 1825 he performed his own improvisation and part of a concerto by Moscheles. The success of this concert led to an invitation to give a similar recital on the instrument before Tsar Alexander I, who was visiting Warsaw; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring. At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825, Chopin performed his Rondo Op. 1. This was the first of his works to be commercially published and earned him his first mention in the foreign press, when the Leipzig Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung praised his "wealth of musical ideas".

Question: During what years did Frédéric visit the Warsaw Lyceum for lessons?

Question: Who was Frédéric a student of involving music theory starting in 1826?

Question: What was the name of the mechanical organ Frédéric performed on during 1825?

Question: Which tsar did Frédéric perform for due to his success in previous concerts?

Question: On what date was Frédéric's first performance that earned international esteem?

Question: Who taught Chopin to play the organ?

Question: Chopin had three years of lessons with whom?

Question: What instrument did Chopin play in front of Tsar Alexander I?

Question: What gift did Tsar Alexander I give to Chopin?

Question: What was the first of Chopin's works to gain international renown?

Question: Who gave Chopin instruction on how to play the organ?

Question: What was the name of the teacher of Chopin's three year course that began in the fall of 1826?

Question: What is th ename of the mechanical organ Chopin played in 1825?

Question: What did Tsar Alexander I give to Chopin?

Question: What is the title of his first commercially successful work?
Passage: During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Szafarnia Courier"), written in a very modern and lively Polish, amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster's literary gift.

Question: Who was Frédéric a guest of during his visit of Szafarnia in 1824 and 1825?

Question: In which village did Frédéric first experience rural Polish folk music?

Question: To whom did Frédéric write letters to during his stay in Szafarnia?

Question: What did Frédéric write parodies of in his letters?

Question: During his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did Chopin spend his vacation with?

Question: What type of music did Chopin discover for the first time while staying in Szafarnia?

Question: What was the name of the person who hosted Chopin as a guest when he discovered Polish rural folk music?

Question: What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote?

Question: Where did Chopin spend his vacation in 1824 and 1825?
Passage: In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]

Question: During what year did Frédéric's youngest sister, Emilia, pass away?

Question: What street did Frédéric's family move to after the death of his youngest sister?

Question: What year did Frédéric leave Warsaw after moving with his family to the south annex of Krasiński Palace?

Question: What did the Chopin's family business become in the 20th century?

Question: Which artist created the first known portrait of Frédéric?

Question: What year did Chopin's sister Emilia die?

Question: What year did Chopin leave Warsaw?

Question: What was the Chopin family's business?

Question: What artist painted the Chopin family?

Question: Who in Chopin's family died shortly before they moved in 1827?

Question: What year did Chopin leave Warsaw?

Question: What was the Chopin boarding house called in English?

Question: What artist made portraits of the Chopin family in 1829?

Question: Was the Chopin family boarding house for male or female students?
Passage: Four boarders at his parents' apartments became Chopin's intimates: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana; the latter two would become part of his Paris milieu. He was friendly with members of Warsaw's young artistic and intellectual world, including Fontana, Józef Bohdan Zaleski and Stefan Witwicki. He was also attracted to the singing student Konstancja Gładkowska. In letters to Woyciechowski, he indicated which of his works, and even which of their passages, were influenced by his fascination with her; his letter of 15 May 1830 revealed that the slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) was secretly dedicated to her – "It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime – by moonlight." His final Conservatory report (July 1829) read: "Chopin F., third-year student, exceptional talent, musical genius."

Question: Of the individuals that became intimate with Frédéric during their stay at the family apartments, which two became part of Frédéric's social environment in Paris?

Question: Which singer was cited specifically as someone Frédéric was attracted to?

Question: What four boys from his family's boarding house became friends with Chopin?

Question: Which singer did Chopin become fascinated with?

Question: Which of Chopin's works was unknowingly dedicated to Gladkowska?

Question: When did Chopin receive his last Conservatory report?

Question: Which two of Chopin's friends became part of his Paris milieu?

Question: What was the name of the singing student Chopin was attracted to?

Question: To whom did Chopin reveal in letters which parts of his work were about the singing student he was infatuated with?

Question: What musical piece had a Larghetto dedicated to the female singing student Chopin was infatuated with?

Question: How many boarders of his family's boarding house became intimate friends with Chopin?
Passage: In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist. For the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda, he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3.

Question: Who did Frédéric visit Berlin with in September 1828?

Question: Which opera director did Frédéric see works of during his stay in Berlin?

Question: Who was Frédéric a guest of during his stay in Berlin in 1829?

Question: What piece did Frédéric create specifically for the prince and the prince's daughter, Wanda?

Question: When did Chopin visit Berlin?

Question: With whom did Chopin go to Berlin?

Question: While in Berlin he saw the operatic work of who?

Question: In 1829 on a trip back to Berlin Chopin was a guest of who?

Question: What piece did Chopin create for Prince Antoni?

Question: What year did Chopin visit Berlin while still a student?

Question: Who did Chopin go to Berlin with?

Question: What did the person who Chopin went with to Berlin do for his work?

Question: Who directed the operas they enjoyed in Berlin?

Question: What year did Chopin return to Berlin?
Passage: Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory, he made his debut in Vienna. He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews—in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was "too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists". In one of these concerts, he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano, Op. 2 (variations on an aria from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni) for piano and orchestra. He returned to Warsaw in September 1829, where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 on 17 March 1830.

Question: What did Frédéric compose after hearing Niccolò Paganini perform on the violin?

Question: During what month did Frédéric make his first appearance in Vienna?

Question: How many piano concerts did Frédéric perform in Vienna during this time?

Question: On what date did Frédéric give his first performance of Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21?

Question: What did Chopin compose after hearing Niccolo Paganini?

Question: Where did Chopin debut after completing his studies?

Question: What piece did Chopin debut after returning to Warsaw?

Question: When did Chopin return to Warsaw?

Question: Why did some critics say that Chopin was too delicate?

Question: Who did Chopin hear play violin in 1829 that prompted him to write a composisition?

Question: Where did Chopin make his debut after completing his education?

Question: How many public performances did Chopin do where he made his debut after completing his education?

Question: How many weeks after completing school was it before Chopin made his public debut?
Passage: Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever." With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, in Warsaw, the November 1830 Uprising broke out, and Woyciechowski returned to Poland to enlist. Chopin, now alone in Vienna, was nostalgic for his homeland, and wrote to a friend, "I curse the moment of my departure." When in September 1831 he learned, while travelling from Vienna to Paris, that the uprising had been crushed, he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal: "Oh God! ... You are there, and yet you do not take vengeance!" Jachimecki ascribes to these events the composer's maturing "into an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland."

Question: On what date did Frédéric begin his journey into Western Europe?

Question: Which country did Frédéric go to first after setting out for Western Europe?

Question: In what year did his companion Woyciechowski depart to Poland to enlist for the uprising in Warsaw?

Question: What historian commented that the events involving Frédéric's friend in Poland contributed to his maturing?

Question: Who said that Chopin set out "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?"

Question: Who did Chopin leave for Austria with?

Question: Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria?

Question: Woyciechowski left Chopin to enlist in what?

Question: What geographicla region was opened for Chopin due to his composing and performances?

Question: When Chopin started to take his music to the world, what is the last name of the person who went with him to Austria?

Question: What year did the uprising begin in Warsaw?

Question: What were the words Chopin wrote to a friend when he was alone and homesick?

Question: What year did Chopin learn that the uprising in Warsaw was crushed?
Passage: Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as friends and confidants and he never felt fully comfortable speaking French. Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole.

Question: What event was Frédéric a part of when he arrived in Paris during the later part of September in 1831?

Question: What version of Frédéric's birth name did he begin using after arriving in France?

Question: In what year did Frédéric officially acquire French citizenship?

Question: What were the two kinds of relationships stated as Frédéric having with his fellow Poland natives in exile?

Question: What nationality is stated as the one Frédéric felt most identified by?

Question: When did Chopin reach Paris?

Question: By not going back to Poland Chopin became part of what?

Question: In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?

Question: What is the name of Chopin's biographer?

Question: After 1831, what country did Chopin never return to?

Question: What country's passport did he have from 1835?

Question: What language was Chopin never completely at ease speaking?

Question: What biographer of Chopin wrote that Chopin never considered himself French?

Question: Due to the numbers of expatriates of Poland after the uprising, what did it become to be known as?
Passage: In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny. Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.

Question: In what city did Frédéric achieve celebrity status?

Question: Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society that Frédéric became acquainted with?

Question: What did Frédéric create from verses of the poet Adam Mickiewicz?

Question: What poet did Chopin use verses from for songs?

Question: What people did Chopin meet while in Paris?

Question: What was the name of the poet Chopin became acquainted with in Paris?

Question: What position did the poet who Chopin knew in Paris hold?
Passage: Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and "gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life." Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's "general factotum and copyist".

Question: Which friend of Frédéric failed to achieve success in England?

Question: Who was Frédéric's trusted adviser while in Paris?

Question: What familial role was Albert Grzymała compared to in regards to Frédéric?

Question: Who is stated as a jack of all trades in service to Frédéric?

Question: What nationality were the two friends who served as a pivotal influence in Frédéric's life while in Paris?

Question: Julian Fontana tried to find his way where before moving to Paris?

Question: Where did Julian Fontana fail to get established?

Question: Who did Chopin know that became rich in Paris?

Question: Which friend of Chopin became like an older brother to him?

Question: Which friend took on the role of several jobs to help Chopin including copyist?

Question: Where were Chopin and Fontana students together?
Passage: At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius." On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration. The critic François-Joseph Fétis wrote in the Revue et gazette musicale: "Here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ..." After this concert, Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as Hiller, Liszt, and Berlioz. He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe. This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked.

Question: Who gave Frédéric his first significant public approval in regards to his compositions?

Question: On what date did Frédéric give his first performance at the Salle Pleyel?

Question: What is stated as a hindrance for Frédéric's ability to perform in large concert spaces?

Question: Who did Frédéric rely upon financially before earning a great income from his works?

Question: From whom did Chopin receive his first big endorsement?

Question: When did Chopin debut at Salle Pleyel ?

Question: What affluent family did Chopin gain a patronage from?

Question: When did Chopin receive his first major endorsement from Robert Schumann?

Question: What did Chopin realize was not ideal for larger spaces after his first successful concert in Paris?

Question: Once Chopin stopped performing concerts, how did he earn his income?
Passage: Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that "As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime." The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.

Question: What was Frédéric's favorite environment to perform in?

Question: What instrument did Frédéric play in a performance on 23 March 1833?

Question: Chopin gave a yearly performance where?

Question: Chopin worked with Liszt on what piece?

Question: In 1833 with whom with Chopin work to get his music published?

Question: What is the name of Chopin's pupil who performed with him?

Question: Where did Chopin prefer to play for people?

Question: On March 23, 1833, who headlined and performed with Chopin at a concert?

Question: Who did Chopin contract with for publishing his music?
Passage: In the spring of 1834, Chopin attended the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Aix-la-Chapelle with Hiller, and it was there that Chopin met Felix Mendelssohn. After the festival, the three visited Düsseldorf, where Mendelssohn had been appointed musical director. They spent what Mendelssohn described as "a very agreeable day", playing and discussing music at his piano, and met Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, director of the Academy of Art, and some of his eminent pupils such as Lessing, Bendemann, Hildebrandt and Sohn. In 1835 Chopin went to Carlsbad, where he spent time with his parents; it was the last time he would see them. On his way back to Paris, he met old friends from Warsaw, the Wodzińskis. He had made the acquaintance of their daughter Maria in Poland five years earlier, when she was eleven. This meeting prompted him to stay for two weeks in Dresden, when he had previously intended to return to Paris via Leipzig. The sixteen-year-old girl's portrait of the composer is considered, along with Delacroix's, as among Chopin's best likenesses. In October he finally reached Leipzig, where he met Schumann, Clara Wieck and Felix Mendelssohn, who organised for him a performance of his own oratorio St. Paul, and who considered him "a perfect musician". In July 1836 Chopin travelled to Marienbad and Dresden to be with the Wodziński family, and in September he proposed to Maria, whose mother Countess Wodzińska approved in principle. Chopin went on to Leipzig, where he presented Schumann with his G minor Ballade. At the end of 1836 he sent Maria an album in which his sister Ludwika had inscribed seven of his songs, and his 1835 Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 1. The anodyne thanks he received from Maria proved to be the last letter he was to have from her.

Question: Who did Frédéric meet in the spring of 1834 at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival?

Question: What two activities did Frédéric do while visiting for a day in Düsseldorf with Mendelssohn and Hiller?

Question: Who was the director of the Academy of Art that Frédéric met while in Düsseldorf?

Question: Where were Frédéric's parents located at when he saw them for the final time in 1835?

Question: Where did Chopin meet Felix Mendelssohn?

Question: Who did Chopin attend the Lower Rhenish Music Festival with?

Question: In 1835 where did Chopin and his parents visit?

Question: When did Chopin propose marriage to Maria Wodziński?

Question: Who was Maria's mother?

Question: Who did Chopin meet at a music festival early in 1834?

Question: Where did Chopin and Hiller go with the person Chopin met in the spring of 1834?

Question: What was Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow position?

Question: What was the first name of the girl Chopin proposed to?