His personal religious convictions are unclear to historians—in 1882 he wrote "Man created God, not God created Man," yet in his autobiography he is quoted as saying, "I am a Christian, and I speak to Christians – I am a true Christian, and I speak to true Christians.
他个人的宗教信仰对于历史学家们来说是不清楚的——在1882年，他写道“是人创造了神，而不是神创造了人”，但是在他的自传中，他也曾说过“我是基督徒，我对基督徒们说话——我是真正的基督徒，我对真正的基督徒们说话。