Economic and demographic factors such as deindustrialization, globalization, residential segregation, labor market segmentation, and migration of middle-class residents from inner cities, constrain economic opportunities and choices across generation, isolating inner city poor children.
像非工业化、全球化、居住隔离、劳动力市场的划分以及来自城市的中产阶级家庭的迁移等经济和人口因素，则限制了经济机会以及一代人间的选择，以致于孤立了内城的贫困儿童。