At the time, the French government distinguished French citizens (who had national voting rights and were subject to French laws and conscription) from Jewish and Muslim "indigenous" peoples, who each were allowed to keep their own laws and courts.
當時，法國政府把法國公民（擁有全國投票權，接受法國法律和徵兵）從猶太人和穆斯林“土著”人民中分別出來，他們都被允許保留自己的法律和法院。