In the 1950s, he began turning his attention to improving conditions in the black ghettos, beginning with Chicago's and later traveling to ghettos in California, Michigan, New York City, and a dozen other "trouble spots".
在20世纪50年代，他开始将注意力转向改善黑人聚居区的条件，从芝加哥开始，然后前往加利福尼亚州、密歇根州、纽约市以及其他十几个“动荡地区”的聚居区。