These invasions, though not decisive, disrupted trade in such products as feathers, ivory, rubber and palm oil, and threatened the security of the European forts.
这几场战争虽然不具决定性，但却干扰了皮毛、象牙、橡胶和棕櫚油等商品的贸易，并且威胁了欧洲堡垒的安全。