Since the turn of the millennium, his books have tried to avoid the confusion surrounding the term "postmodernity" by using the metaphors of "liquid" and "solid" modernity.
当千禧年之交界过去后，他尝试避免围绕“后现代性”这个术语所产生的种种误解，而使用了“流动的”（liquid）与“固定的”（solid）现代性这样的比喻。