The victorious Allied powers established them in 1945 and 1946 respectively to prosecute the major war criminals of the European Axis powers (in fact only Germans) and of Japan for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
胜利的同盟国一方分别于1945年和1946年建立这两个法庭，用于对欧洲轴心国（实际上只有德国）和日本的主要战犯提起诉讼，这些诉讼包括反和平罪、战争罪、反人类罪。