Malise Ruthven (2000) discussed the terms "cultural Muslim" and "nominal Muslim" as follows: There is, however, a secondary meaning to Muslim which may shade into the first.
马利兹·鲁思文（2000年）曾讨论过“文化上的穆斯林”与“名义上的穆斯林”两个术语，译文如下： 然而，“穆斯林”的次要含义可能会逐渐变为首要含义。