In the United Kingdom, the National Health Service (NHS) began an ambitious pay for performance initiative in 2004, known as the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF).
在英國，國家衛生服務部 (英文：National Health Service，NHS) 在2004年就開始了一項雄心勃勃的關於按績效付費的首倡計畫，稱為品質與結局框架（英文：Quality and Outcomes Framework，QOF）。