Following the French Revolution in 1789 the law of 14–17 June 1791 declared agreements by members of the same trade that fixed the price of an industry or labour as void, unconstitutional, and hostile to liberty.
自1789年法國大革命以來，1791年6月14日至17日頒布的法律規定，由同類交易間的成員所簽訂之，用來訂定產業或勞工價格的協議是無效的、違反憲法的，且是對自由的敵視。