R.J. Rummel has estimated that 1.7 million were killed by the government of Vietnam, 1.6 million in North Korea (not counting the 1990s famine), 2 million in Cambodia and 2.5 million in Poland and Yugoslavia.
鲁道夫·拉梅尔估计有170万人被越南政府杀害，160万在朝鲜（不包括1990年代的饥荒），200万在柬埔寨，另有250万在波兰和南斯拉夫。