If we use all potentials, then we will have more equations of state such as − N j = ( ∂ U ∂ μ j ) S , V , { N i ≠ j } {\displaystyle -N_{j}=\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial \mu _{j}}}\right)_{S,V,\{N_{i\neq j}\}}} and so on.
如果使用了所有的位能，那麼將會有更多狀態方程式如 − N j = ( ∂ U  ∂ μ j ) S , V , { N i ≠ j } {\displaystyle -N_{j}=\left({\frac {\partial U}{\partial \mu _{j}}}\right)_{S,V,\{N_{i\neq j}\}}} 等。