An EU case concerning Italy stated that, "The principle of trade union freedom in the Italian system implies recognition of the right of the individual not to belong to any trade union ("negative" freedom of association/trade union freedom), and the unlawfulness of discrimination liable to cause harm to non-unionized employees."
一个欧洲案例中，意大利这样称：“意大利系统中工会自由准则暗指成员有权利不属于任何工会(“负面”组织自由/工会自由)，以及禁止对非工会雇员非法歧视或造成伤害。