With the exception of Portuguese controlled Angola, coastal African leaders "generally controlled access to their coasts, and were able to prevent direct enslavement of their subjects and citizens".
除了葡萄牙控制的安哥拉以外，沿海非洲统治者“基本上控制着口岸的出入权力，有能力阻止对其臣民和普通民众的直接奴役。