Prior to 2010, Federal loans included both direct loans—originated and funded directly by the United States Department of Education—and guaranteed loans—originated and funded by private investors, but guaranteed by the federal government.
2010年前，聯邦貸款包括直接貸款（直接由美國教育部發起並資助）和擔保貸款（由私人投資者發起和資助，但由聯邦政府擔保）。