Hitler's refusal to allow a retreat led to the deaths of 200,000 German and Romanian soldiers; of the 91,000 men who surrendered in the city on 31 January 1943, only 6,000 survivors returned to Germany after the war.
希特勒禁止当地德军撤退，导致20萬名德国和罗马尼亚士兵死亡，而在1943年1月31日向苏军投降的91,000名士兵中，只有6,000人在战后得以生还回国。