However, prior to the 18th-century, the Makua population was primarily exchanging food, ivory tusks and metal products for textiles, salt and other products, but they were not involved in the trade of ivory or gold.
然而，在18世紀之前，馬庫阿人口主要用象牙和金屬製品交換食品，紡織品，鹽和其他產品，但他們並沒有參與象牙或黃金貿易。