In 2006, William Hogeland argued that Hamilton, Bradford, and Rawle intentionally pursued a course of action that would provoke "the kind of violence that would justify federal military suppression".
2006年，威廉·侯兰德认为，汉密尔顿、布拉德福德和洛里有意识地追求一系列的行动，来煽动“为联邦的军事压制辩护的暴力”。