The New York Times standard focused too heavily on the truth of the statement at issue; for the Fourth Circuit, it was enough that Virginia law required the defendant to act intentionally.
紐約時報的原則過度著重在陳述的真實性聲明上，對第四巡迴法院來說，維吉尼亞的法律只要被告是蓄意的行動就已經足夠。