Some examples: Small and Singer (1976) define democracy as a nation that (1) holds periodic elections in which the opposition parties are as free to run as government parties, (2) allows at least 10% of the adult population to vote, and (3) has a parliament that either controls or enjoys parity with the executive branch of the government.
Small和Singer（1976）將民主定義為一個有以下特色的國家：（1）有定期的選舉，反對黨和執政黨都有參與選舉的自由，（2）允許至少10%的成年人口投票，（3）有一個能夠控制政府執政部門、或是享有與執政部門同樣權力的議會。