A short-term evaluation by University of Pennsylvania criminologists Christopher S. Koper and Jeffrey A. Roth did not find any clear impact of this legislation on gun violence.
一項由賓夕法尼亞大學犯罪學家克里斯托弗·S·科佩爾（Christopher S. Koper）與傑弗瑞·A·羅斯（Jeffrey A. Roth）所作的短期評估發現，該立法對槍枝暴力並沒有任何明顯的影響。