These Western-educated commoner elites were exposed not just to the latest scientific and technical knowledge in Europe, but also to the ideals of Western democracy, nationalism, and communism.
這些受過西方教育的平民精英不僅吸收了歐洲最新的科學技術知識，而且受到西方民主，民族主義和共產主義理想的洗禮。