Following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Nestor Makhno formed a Black Guards unit in Ukraine that would later grow into what was formally known as the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine (RIAU).
Brest-Litovsk Antlaşması'ndan sonra Nestor Makno, Ukrayna'da resmi olarak Ukrayna Devrimci Rüşvül Ordusu (RIAU) olarak bilinen bir Kara Muhafız birliği kurdu.