Sometimes, a researcher may conduct exploratory research but report it as if it had been confirmatory ('Hypothesizing After the Results are Known', HARKing—see Hypotheses suggested by the data); this is a questionable research practice bordering on fraud.
Ndonjëherë, një studiues mund të kryejë hulumtime paraprake, por të raportojnë atë sikur ajo eshte konfirmua (Hypothesizing After the Results are Known', Harking); ky eshte nje kerkim i dyshimte qe konsiderohet si mashtrim.