The historian J. Bottéro was of the opinion that the gods were not viewed mystically, but were instead seen as high-up masters who had to be obeyed and feared, as opposed to loved and adored.
歴史家のボテロ（J. Bottéro）は、メソポタミアの人々は神秘主義的に神々を見ていたのではなく、かといってあこがれ、敬慕する存在というのでもなく、従うべき、畏れるべき自分たちの主人として見ていたと述べている。