The continued internal struggle in the Bolshevik party culminated in the Great Purge, a period of mass repressions in 1937–38, during which hundreds of thousands of people were executed, including original party members and military leaders accused of coup d'état plots.
Konflik internal dalam partai Bolshevik mencapai puncaknya pada Pembersihan Besar-Besaran, periode represi massal tahun 1937-38, ketika ratusan hingga ribuan orang dieksekusi, termasuk anggota awal partai dan pemimpin militer karena dituduh mendalangi coup d'état.