As military historian Paul K. Davis wrote, "By turning back the Moslem invasion, Europe remained in Christian hands, and no serious Moslem threat to Europe existed until the fifteenth century.
Sejarawan militer Paul K. Davis menulis, "Dengan menghalau invasi Muslim, Eropa tetap berada di tangan Kristen, dan tidak ada ancaman Muslim terhadap Eropa hingga abad ke-15.