Australian philosopher J.J.C. Smart even argues that "sometimes a person who is really an atheist may describe herself, even passionately, as an agnostic because of unreasonable generalized philosophical skepticism which would preclude us from saying that we know anything whatever, except perhaps the truths of mathematics and formal logic."
Filsuf Skotlandia J. J. C. Smart bahkan berargumen bahwa "kadang-kadang seseorang yang benar-benar ateis dapat menyebut dirinya sebagai seorang agnostik karena generalisasi skeptisisme filosofis tak beralasan yang akan menghalangi kita dari berkata kita tahu apapun, kecuali mungkin kebenaran matematika dan logika formal."