More recent criticism has been in the form of rival theories, including Subject-Sensitive Invariantism (SSI), mainly due to the work of John Hawthorne (2004), and Interest-Relative Invariantism (IRI), due to Jason Stanley (2005).
Kritik yang lebih baru telah dalam bentuk teori saingan, termasuk Subject-Sensitive Invariantism (SSI), terutama karena karya ] (2004), dan 'Interest-Relative Invariantism' ' (IRI), karena Jason Stanley (2005).