Despite this he began a series of expansions through protectorates and direct military control, unprecedented since the highpoint of expansion under the governorship of Louis Faidherbe (1854–1865).
Meskipun demikian, ia memulai serangkaian ekspansi melalui protektorat dan kendali militer langsung, belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya sejak puncak ekspansi di bawah gubernur Louis Faidherbe (1854-1865).