Following the Bisho massacre, in which 28 ANC supporters and one soldier were shot dead by the Ciskei Defence Force during a protest march, Mandela realised that mass action was leading to further violence and resumed negotiations in September.
Pasca pembantaian Bisho, yaitu penembakan oleh Ciskei Defence Force terhadap 28 pendukung ANC dan 1 tentara saat unjuk rasa, Mandela menyadari bahwa aksi massal berujung pada kekerasan lebih lanjut dan melanjutkan negosiasi pada bulan September.