His ecclesiastical policies towards other countries, such as Russia, Germany or France, were not always successful, owing in part to changing secular institutions and internal developments within these countries.
Kebijakan gerejanya terhadap negara lain, seperti Rusia, Jerman atau Prancis, tidak selalu berhasil, sebagian karena perubahan institusi sekuler dan perkembangan internal di negara-negara ini.