These included many former rebels who were spared the death penalty after being defeated by Duyệt in northern and central Vietnam during his pacification campaigns in the late 1810s, and had sworn loyalty towards the general personally.
Di antara mereka termasuk banyak mantan pemberontak yang terhindar dari hukuman mati setelah dikalahkan oleh Duyệt di Vietnam tengah dan selatan selama operasi pengamanan yang dilakukannya pada akhir tahun 1810-an, dan telah bersumpah setia secara pribadi kepada sang jenderal.