After receiving a BA in political economics at Bocconi University, Milan and a doctorate in international economics at Harvard University, he became an academic at Yale and a visiting researcher/advisor at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Federal Reserve, World Bank, and Bank of Israel.
Setelah mendapat gelar BA di bidang ekonomi politik di Universitas Bocconi, Milan, dan gelar doktoral di bidang ekonomi internasional di Universitas Harvard, ia menjadi akademisi di Universitas Yale dan penasihat tamu di International Monetary Fund (IMF), Federal Reserve, World Bank, dan Bank of Israel.