The advantages that Europe had developed by the mid-18th century were two: an entrepreneurial culture, and the wealth generated by the Atlantic trade (including the African slave trade).
Kemajuan yang berkembang di Eropa selama pertengahan abad ke-18 ada dua: budaya kewirausahawan, dan kemakmuran yang diperoleh melalui perdagangan jalur Atlantik (termasuk perdagangan budak Afrika).