However, for purposes of comparison, according to historian Steven C. Topik, in the United States, "by 1890, 80 percent of the population lived on the margin of subsistence, while 20 percent controlled almost all wealth."
Namun, sebagai perbandingan, menurut sejarawan Steven C. Topik di Amerika Serikat "pada tahun 1890, 80 persen populasi hidup di ambang batas kebutuhan dasar, sementara 20 persen mengendalikan seluruh kekayaan."