Appointed lieutenant governor of Java, Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781–1826) ended Dutch administrative methods, liberalized the system of land tenure, and extended trade.
Letnan Gubernur Jawa yang dilantik, Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) mengakhiri metode pemerintahan Belanda, membebaskan sistem kepemilikan tanah, dan memperluas perdagangan.