If an investor from one country (the "home state") invests in another country (the "host state"), both of which have agreed to ISDS, and the host state violates the rights granted to the investor under the treaty, then that investor may bring the matter before an arbitral tribunal.
Bila sebuah investor dari sebuah negara ("Negara Asal") menanamkan modal di negara lain ("Negara Tujuan"), keduanya menyepakati ISDS, dan Negara Tujuan melanggar hak yang diberikan kepada investor sesuai hukum internasional umum, investor tersebut boleh mempersoalkan hal tersebut ke pengadilan arbitrase.