Alongside empirical and conceptual problems with "race", following the Second World War, evolutionary and social scientists were acutely aware of how beliefs about race had been used to justify discrimination, apartheid, slavery, and genocide.
Selain masalah empiris dan konseptual yang dibawa paham "ras," setelah Perang Dunia Kedua, para ilmuwan di bidang evolusi dan sosial sangat menyadari betapa kepercayaan mengenai "ras" diperalat untuk membenarkan dissriminasi, apartheid, perbudakan dan genosid.