Such explanations were largely replaced by a gene-centered view of evolution, epitomized by the kin selection arguments of W. D. Hamilton, George R. Price and John Maynard Smith.
Penjelasan semacam itu banyak digantikan oleh pandangan evolusi terpusat gen, diepitomisasikan oleh argumen seleksi kekerabatan dari W. D. Hamilton, George R. Price dan John Maynard Smith.