Dawkins has consistently been sceptical about non-adaptive processes in evolution (such as spandrels, described by Gould and Lewontin) and about selection at levels "above" that of the gene.
Dawkins secara konsisten skeptis tentang proses non-adaptif dalam evolusi (seperti spandrels, yang dijelaskan oleh Gould dan Lewontin) dan tentang seleksi pada tingkat "di atas" gen.