After decreasing dramatically with the availability of penicillin in the 1940s, rates of infection have increased since the turn of the millennium in many countries, often in combination with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Setelah jumlah kasus menurun secara dramatis sejak ketersediaan penicilin di seluruh dunia pada 1940an, angka infeksi kembali meningkat sejak pergantian milenium di banyak negara, terkadang muncul bersamaan dengan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).