Since its 1821 independence, Peru had been divided into departments (Spanish: departamentos) but faced the problem of an increasing centralization of political and economic power in its capital, Lima.
Sejak kemerdekaannya tahun 1821, Peru terbagi dalam departemen (bahasa Spanyol: departamentos) namun menghadapi peningkatan sentralisasi kekuasaan politik dan ekonomi di ibukotanya, Lima.