Instead of a war of revenge against Prussia, supported by various German allies, France engaged in a war against all of the German states without any allies of its own.
Alih-alih melancarkan perang pembalasan dendam melawan Prusia yang didukung oleh sekutu-sekutu Jerman, Prancis malah berperang melawan negara-negara Jerman tanpa sekutu sama sekali.