Some critics, such as Stephen Jay Gould suggest that any purported 'cosmic' designer would only produce optimal designs, while there are numerous biological criticisms to demonstrate that such an ideal is manifestly untenable.
Beberapa kritikus, seperti Stephen Jay Gould menunjukkan bahwa setiap desainer 'kosmik' yang diakui hanya akan memproduksi desain optimal, sementara ada banyak kritik biologis mendemonstrasikan bahwa ideal demikian jelas-jelas tidak dapat dipertahankan.