Russian Jews arrived in north German cities in the thousands; considerably less educated and less affluent, their often dismal poverty dismayed many of the Germanized Jews.
Ribuan Yahudi Rusia tersebut tiba di kota-kota Jerman utara; mereka dianggap kurang berpendidikan dan kurang makmur, dan kemiskinan mereka seringkali mencemaskan Yahudi yang terjermanisasi.