In a time when Jews were not readily accepted into American medical schools, he studied medicine in Switzerland and was analysed by Wilhelm Stekel, a distinguished if controversial student of Sigmund Freud, and again by Otto Fenichel and Frances Deri in Los Angeles.
Pada saat Yahudi tidak diterima dalam sekolah-sekolah medis Amerika, ia belajar kedokteran di Swiss dan dianalisis oleh Wilhelm Stekel, seorang pengajar dari murid kontroversial Sigmund Freud, dan kembali dengan Otto Fenichel dan Frances Deri di Los Angeles.