The explanation that black Africans, as the "sons of Ham", were cursed, possibly "blackened" by their sins, was advanced only sporadically during the Middle Ages, but it became increasingly common during the slave trade of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Penjelasan bahwa orang kulit hitam Afrika, sebagai "anak-anak Ham", terkutuk, mungkin "dihitamkan" oleh dosa mereka, muncul hanya sekali-sekali selama abad pertengahan, tetapi ia kemudian menjadi biasa selama perdagangan budak pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19.