The Old Yishuv was thus generally divided into two independent communities – the Sephardim (including Musta'arabim), mainly constituting the remains of Jewish communities of Galilee and the four Jewish holy cities, which had flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; and the Ashkenazim, whose immigration from Europe was primarily since the 18th century.
Yishuv lama umumnya dibagi dalam dua komunitas independen – Sephardim (yang meliputi Musta'arabim), yang utamanya ditujukan kepada komunitas Yahudi di Galilea dan empat kota suci Yahudi, yang berkembang pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17; dan Ashkenazim, yang berimigrasi dari Eropa utamanya sejak abad ke-18.