Many of the remaining 40-50% of the population were surely farmers, but recent work has raised important issues about the size of other groups: merchants and traders, local government or quasi-governmental clerks (Chungin), craftsmen and laborers, textile workers, etc. Given the size of the population, it may be that a typical person had more than one role.
Banyak dari 40-50% sisa penduduk yang pasti petani, namun karya terbaru telah mengangkat isu-isu penting tentang ukuran kelompok lain: saudagar dan pedagang, pemerintah daerah atau pegawai kuasi-pemerintah Chungin), pengrajin dan buruh, pekerja tekstil, dll.