Furthermore, they were not governed as regular provinces (until Xinjiang and Manchuria were turned into provinces in late Qing), but instead were supervised by the Lifan Yuan, a Qing government agency that oversaw the empire's frontier regions.
Selain itu, mereka tidak diatur seperti daerah lainnya (sampai Xinjiang dan Manchuria yang berubah menjadi provinsi pada akhir Qing), tapi bukan yang diawasi oleh Lifan Yuan, Qing lembaga pemerintah yang mengawasi kekaisaran daerah perbatasan.