The Institute for Korean Historical Studies concluded that both Communists and anti-Communist vigilantes engaged in wholesale slaughter throughout the area, and that the 19th Infantry Regiment took the city and failed to prevent the secret police that came with them from perpetuating the civilian murders; however, the regiment did not participate themselves.
Institut Studi Sejarah Korea menyatakan bahwa baik pihak Komunis maupun anti-Komunis sama-sama melakukan penjagalan besar-besaran sepanjang kawasan tersebut, dan bahwa Resimen Infanteri ke-19 merebut kota tersebut dan gagal untuk menghindarkan kepolisian rahasia yang datang dengan mereka dari tindakan membunuh warga sipil; namun, resimen itu sendiri tidak ikut serta.