This view has been questioned by historians such as Matthew Lassiter, Kevin M. Kruse and Joseph Crespino, who have presented an alternative, "bottom up" narrative, which Lassiter has called the "suburban strategy".
Pandangan ini telah dipertanyakan oleh sejarawan Matthew Lassiter, Kevin M. Kruse dan Joseph Crespino, yang menawarkan alternatif berupa naratif "bawah ke atas" yang disebut "strategi suburban" oleh Lassiter.