1220 Robert Grosseteste publishes several Aristotelian commentaries where he lays out an early framework for the scientific method. c 1250 Tadeo Alderotti develops fractional distillation, which is much more effective than its predecessors. c 1260 St Albertus Magnus discovers arsenic and silver nitrate.
1220 Robert Grosseteste menerbitkan beberapa komentar Aristoteles di mana dia meletakkan kerangka awal metode ilmiah. c 1250 Taddeo Alderotti mengembangkan distilasi fraksional, yang jauh lebih efektif daripada pendahulunya. c 1260 St Albertus Agung menemukan arsen dan perak nitrat.