During the Soviet–Afghan War, Gromov did three tours of duty (1980–1982, 1985–1986, 1987–1989), and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan.
Saat Perang Soviet-Afganistan, Gromov melakukan tiga kunjungan kenegaraan (1980-1982, 1985-1986, 1987-1989), dan paling dikenal dalam masa jabatannya selama 2 tahun sebagai komandan terakhir Pasukan Soviet yang ke-40 di Afganistan.