As the peasants usually had neither money for guns nor military training, these secret societies relied on martial arts, self-made weapons such as swords and spears, as well as the staunch belief in protective magic.
Karena para petani biasanya tidak memiliki uang untuk senjata atau pelatihan militer, perkumpulan rahasia ini mengandalkan seni bela diri, senjata buatan sendiri seperti pedang dan tombak, serta kepercayaan dalam sihir pelindung.