This may take place through fragmentation; budding, such as in Hydra and other cnidarians; or parthenogenesis, where fertile eggs are produced without mating, such as in aphids.
Ini mungkin terjadi melalui fragmentasi; tunas, seperti di Hydra dan cnidaria lainnya; atau partenogenesis, di mana telur yang fertil diproduksi tanpa kawin, seperti kutu daun.