Ahmed further avers that those scholars who have painted the later Jinnah as secular have misread his speeches which, he argues, must be read in the context of Islamic history and culture.
Ahmed juga mengklaim bahwa cendekiawan-cendekiawan yang menggambarkan citra sekuler Jinnah salah memahami pidato-pidatonya yang, ia anggap, harus dibaca dalam konteks sejarah dan budaya Islami.