According to Joseph Needham, Taoism explicitly denies the fixity of biological species and Taoist philosophers speculated that species had developed differing attributes in response to differing environments.
Menurut Joseph Needham, Taoisme secara eksplisit menolak ketetapan spesies biologi dan para filsuf Taois berspekulasi bahwa spesies mengembangkan atribut berbeda dalam menanggapi lingkungan yang berbeda.