In computational chemistry implementations of molecular orbital theory, open shell molecules have to be handled by either the restricted open-shell Hartree–Fock method or the unrestricted Hartree–Fock method.
Dalam penerapan kimia komputasi berdasarkan teori orbital molekul, molekul-molekul dengan kulit terbuka harus ditangani dengan metode restricted open-shell Hartree–Fock atau metode unrestricted Hartree–Fock.