Born into a working-class family in Sabaneta, Barinas, Chávez became a career military officer, and after becoming dissatisfied with the Venezuelan political system based on the Puntofijo Pact, he founded the clandestine Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in the early 1980s.
Datang dari keluarga kelas pekerja di Sabaneta, Barinas, Chávez sempat menjadi seorang perwira militer, dan setelah merasa tidak puas dengan sistem politik Venezuela, ia mendirikan organisasi rahasia Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) pada awal 1980-an yang bertujuan menggulingkan pemerintahan.