By the end of the 1960s, Jewish cultural and religious life in the Soviet Union had become practically impossible, and the majority of Soviet Jews were assimilated and non-religious, but this new wave of state-sponsored anti-Semitism on one hand, and the sense of pride for victorious Jewish nation over Soviet-armed Arab armies on the other, stirred up Zionist feelings.
Pada akhir tahun 1960-an, kehidupan budaya dan keagamaan Yahudi di Uni Soviet praktis menjadi tidak mungkin, dan mayoritas orang Yahudi Soviet sudah terasimilasi dan non-religius, tetapi gelombang baru anti-Semitisme yang disponsori negara di satu pihak, dan rasa kebanggaan akan kemenangan negara Yahudi atas tentara-tentara Arab yang dipersenjatai oleh Soviet di pihak lain, membangkitkan semangat Zionis.