These may be anatomic and physiologic problems with the health of the zygote, embryo, or fetus, either before gestation even starts (as in preimplantation genetic diagnosis) or as early in gestation as practicable.
Hal ini dapat berupa masalah anatomis atau fisiologis mengenai kesehatan zigot, embrio, atau fetus, baik sebelum gestasi dimulai (seperti diagnosis genetik preimplantasi) atau saat gestasi dimulai.