These groups were involved in promoting the illegal distribution of Lithuanian-language publications using the Latin alphabet, which was banned by the Tsarist government from 1866 to 1904, as well as fighting other attempts at Russification by the authorities.
Kelompok tersebut terlibat dalam menyebarkan publikasi berbahasa Lithuania secara ilegal memakai abjad Latin, yang dicekal oleh pemerintahan Tsaris dari 1866 sampai 1904, serta menentang upaya-upaya lain dari Rusifikasi oleh otoritas.