Finally, separation between religion (again, specifically Catholicism) and the state is found to a great degree in France and Italy, countries where the state actively opposed itself to the authority of the Catholic Church.
Yang terakhir, pemisahan antara agama (khususnya agama Kristen Katolik) dan negara didapati dalam taraf yang tinggi di Prancis dan Italia, yakni di negeri-negeri tempat negara secara aktif menentang kewenangan Gereja Katolik.