Historians distinguish between state collaboration followed by the Vichy regime, and "collaborationists", who were private French citizens eager to collaborate with Germany and who pushed towards a radicalisation of the regime.
Sejarawan membedakan antara kolaborasi negara diikuti oleh rezim Vichy, dan "kolaborasi", yang merupakan warga negara swasta Prancis yang ingin bekerja sama dengan Jerman dan yang mendorong radikalisasi rezim.