According to Bainton: "Luther's dilemma was that he wanted both a confessional church based on personal faith and experience and a territorial church including all in a given locality.
Menurut Bainton, "Dilema Luther adalah bahwa ia menginginkan suatu gereja konfesional berdasarkan pengalaman dan iman personal serta suatu gereja teritorial yang mencakup semua dalam suatu wilayah tertentu.