He led the party organization in Beijing following the victory of the Communists in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, but was purged during the Cultural Revolution for opposing Mao's views on the role of literature in relation to the state.
Ia memimpin organisasi partai tersebut di Beijing setelah kemenangan Komunis dalam Perang Saudara Tiongkok pada 1949, namun digulingkan pada masa Revolusi Kebudayaan karena menentang pandangan Mao tentang perdan sastra dalam hubungannya dengan negara.