Wright et al. (Feb 2011) found that, "The increase in zeaxanthin appears to surpass the decrease in violaxanthin in spinach" and commented that the discrepancy could be explained by "a synthesis of zeaxanthin from beta-carotene", however they noted further study is required to explore this hypothesis.
Wright et al. (en 2011) encontraron que, "O incremento de zeaxantina parece superar o decremento de violaxantina nas espinacas" e indicaron que a discrepancia podería explicarse por "unha síntese de zeaxantina a partir do beta-caroteno", aínda que se necesitan máis estudos para confirmar a hipótese.