Lamarck had been discredited among intellectuals by this time, and evolutionary (or development) theories were exceedingly unpopular, except among political radicals, materialists, and atheists.
Lamarck estaba desacreditado entre os intelectuais na década de 1840 e as teorías evolutivas (ou desenvolvementos) eran moi impopulares, excepto entre os políticos radicais, materialistas, e ateos.