In the early 20th century, the modernist theology of higher criticism was contested in the United States by Biblical literalists, who campaigned successfully against the teaching of evolution and began calling themselves creationists in the 1920s.
A inicios do século XX, a teoloxía modernista de alta crítica foi contestada nos Estados Unidos polos literalistas bíblicos, que fixeron campañas inicialmente exitosas contra a ensinanza da evolución e empezaron a autodenominarse creacionistas na década de 1920.