linear_binning 1.1.0
Python function for performing a linear binning
License: MIT

|Build Status|

`linear\_binning: linear binning <https://github.com/jhetherly/linear_binning>`__
=================================================================================

Performs a linear binning technique described in `Wand and
Jones <https://www.crcpress.com/Kernel-Smoothing/Wand-Jones/p/book/9780412552700>`__
on a regularly-spaced grid in an arbitrary number of dimensions. The
`asymptotic
behavior <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00949658308810650>`__
of this binning technique performs better than so-called simple binning
(i.e. as in histograms). Each data point in ``d``-dimensional space must
have an associated weight (for equally weighted points just use a weight
of ``1.0`` for each point).

For example, within a (segment of a) 2D grid with corners A, B, C, and D
and a 2D data point P with weight wP:

::

    A-----------------------------------B
    |        |                          |
    |                                   |
    |        |                          |
    |- - - - P- - - - - - - - - - - - - |
    |        |                          |
    D-----------------------------------C

-  Assign a weight to corner A of the proportion of area between P and C
   (times wP)
-  Assign a weight to corner B of the proportion of area between P and D
   (times wP)
-  Assign a weight to corner C of the proportion of area between P and A
   (times wP)
-  Assign a weight to corner D of the proportion of area between P and B
   (times wP)

Note that the under- and overflow bins need to be accounted for when
specifying the numbers of grid points in each dimension (grid points act
as bin centers). For instance, if you want grid points in steps of 0.1
in a range of [0,1] (i.e. (0, .1, .2, .3, .4, .5, .6, .7, .8, .9, 1)),
specify the number of grid points to be 11. Internally, the grid points
are stored in a contiguous array. This sets a natural restriction on the
number of grid points along each dimension as memory is allocated for
each potential grid point even if it is never used. To accommodate
arbitrary numbers of dimension, an arbitrary precision numeric library
(`boost
multiprecision <http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_63_0/libs/multiprecision/doc/html/boost_multiprecision/intro.html>`__)
may be used internally and will negatively impact performance. If this
degradation in performance is unacceptable, consider reducing the number
of dimensions in such a way that the is less than the maximum number of
binary digits in an "unsigned long long" on your system.

Quickstart
----------

-  pip install linear\_binning

or

-  git clone https://github.com/jhetherly/linear\_binning
-  cd linear\_binning
-  python setup.py install

Example
-------

This constructs one million random 2D points in the unit square with
random weights and constructs a grid of ``51`` by ``51`` (can be
different along different dimensions) linearly binned "bin centers." The
boundaries of the grid of bin centers are specified by ``extents`` and
can be thought of as the under- and overflow bins (i.e. these are the
coordinates of the first and last bin centers).

.. code:: python

    from linear_binning import linear_binning
    import numpy as np

    # generate one million random 2D points and weights
    # (should take less than a second to bin)
    n_samples=1000000
    D=2

    # coordinates, weights, and extents must be of type "double"
    sample_coords = np.random.random(size=(n_samples, D))
    sample_weights = np.random.random(size=n_samples)
    extents = np.tile([0., 1.], D).reshape((D, 2))
    n_bins = np.full(D, 51)

    coords, weights = linear_binning(sample_coords, sample_weights,
                                     extents, n_bins)

    # check that weights on grid match original weights
    print(np.allclose(weights.sum(), sample_weights.sum()))

Dependencies
------------

-  numpy

.. |Build Status| image:: https://travis-ci.org/jhetherly/linear_binning.svg?branch=master
   :target: https://travis-ci.org/jhetherly/linear_binning

1.1.0

Added support for automatically converting Numpy arrays to proper d-types.
Added more explicit tests.