kiss-headers 2.5.0
Object-oriented HTTP and IMAP (structured) headers.
Requires Python: >=3.7
Keywords: header, headers, http, https, imap, imap4, mail, text

<h1 align="center">HTTP Headers, the Complete Toolkit 🧰 <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Python%20library%20for%20oriented%20object%20HTTP%20style%20headers.&url=https://www.github.com/jawah/kiss-headers&hashtags=python,headers,opensource"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/url/http/shields.io.svg?style=social"/></a></h1>

<p align="center">
  <sup>Object-oriented headers. Kind of structured headers.</sup><br>
  <a href='https://pypi.org/project/kiss-headers/'>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/kiss-headers.svg?orange=blue" />
  </a>
  <a href="https://codecov.io/gh/Ousret/kiss-headers">
      <img src="https://codecov.io/gh/Ousret/kiss-headers/branch/master/graph/badge.svg" />
  </a>
  <a href="https://pepy.tech/project/kiss-headers/">
     <img alt="Download Count Total" src="https://pepy.tech/badge/kiss-headers" />
  </a>
</p>

### ❓ Why

No matter if you are currently dealing with code using HTTP or IMAP _(message, email)_, you should not worry about easily accessing and exploiting headers.

<p align="center">
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9326700/77257881-55866300-6c77-11ea-820c-7550e6bdeee7.gif" alt="using kiss-headers from python interpreter"/>
</p>

I have seen so many chunks of code trying to deal with these headers; often I saw this implementation:
```python
# No more of that!
charset = headers['Content-Type'].split(';')[-1].split('=')[-1].replace('"', '')
# That too..
response = get(
    "https://httpbin.org/headers",
    headers={
        "user-agent": "custom/2.22",
        "referer": "https://www.google.com",
        "accept": "text/html",
        "accept-language": "en-US",
        "custom-header-xyz": "hello; charset=utf-8"
    }
)
```

**Scroll down and see how you could do it from now on.**

## 🔪 Features

`kiss-headers` is a basic library that allow you to handle headers as objects.

* A backwards-compatible syntax using bracket style.
* Capability to alter headers using simple, human-readable operator notation `+` and `-`.
* Flexibility if headers are from an email or HTTP, use as you need with one library.
* Ability to parse any object and extract recognized headers from it, it also supports UTF-8 encoded headers.
* Offer an opinionated way to un/serialize headers.
* Fully type-annotated.
* Provide great auto-completion in Python interpreter or any capable IDE.
* No dependencies. Never will be.
* Support JSON in header value.
* 90% test coverage.

Plus all the features that you would expect from handling headers...

* Properties syntax for headers and attribute in a header.
* Supports headers and attributes OneToOne, OneToMany and ManySquashedIntoOne.
* Capable of parsing `bytes`, `fp`, `str`, `dict`, `email.Message`, `requests.Response`, `niquests.Response`, `httpx._models.Response` and `urllib3.HTTPResponse`.
* Automatically unquote and unfold the value of an attribute when retrieving it.
* Keep headers and attributes ordering.
* Case-insensitive with header name and attribute key.
* Character `-` equal `_` in addition of above feature.
* Any syntax you like, we like.

### ✨ Installation

Whatever you like, use `pipenv` or `pip`, it simply works. Requires Python 3.7+ installed.
```sh
pip install kiss-headers --upgrade
```

This project is included in [Niquests](https://github.com/jawah/niquests)! Your awesome drop-in replacement for Requests!

### 🍰 Usage

#### Quick start
`parse_it()` method takes `bytes`, `str`, `fp`, `dict`, `email.Message` or even a `requests.Response` or `httpx._models.Response` itself and returns a `Headers` object.

```python
from requests import get
from kiss_headers import parse_it

response = get('https://www.google.fr')
headers = parse_it(response)

headers.content_type.charset  # output: ISO-8859-1
# Its the same as
headers["content-type"]["charset"]  # output: ISO-8859-1
```

and also, the other way around:

```python
from requests import get
from kiss_headers import Headers, UserAgent, Referer, UpgradeInsecureRequests, Accept, AcceptLanguage, CustomHeader

class CustomHeaderXyz(CustomHeader):

    __squash__ = False

    def __init__(self, charset: str = "utf-8"):
        super().__init__("hello", charset=charset)

# Officially supported with requests
response = get(
    "https://httpbin.org/headers",
    headers=Headers(
        UserAgent("custom/2.22"),
        Referer("https://www.google.com"),
        UpgradeInsecureRequests(),
        Accept("text/html"),
        AcceptLanguage("en-US"),
        CustomHeaderXyz()
    )
)
```

httpbin should get back with:

```json
{
    "headers": {
        "Accept": "text/html",
        "Accept-Encoding": "identity",
        "Accept-Language": "en-US",
        "Custom-Header-Xyz": "hello; charset=\"utf-8\"",
        "Host": "httpbin.org",
        "Referer": "https://www.google.com",
        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
        "User-Agent": "custom/2.22",
        "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-622sz46b-973c5671113f58d611972de"
    }
}
```

Do not forget that headers are not OneToOne. One header can be repeated multiple times and attributes can have multiple values within the same header.

```python
from kiss_headers import parse_it

my_cookies = """set-cookie: 1P_JAR=2020-03-16-21; expires=Wed, 15-Apr-2020 21:27:31 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.fr; Secure; SameSite=none
set-cookie: CONSENT=WP.284b10; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-2038 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.fr"""

headers = parse_it(my_cookies)

type(headers.set_cookie)  # output: list
headers.set_cookie[0].expires # output: Wed, 15-Apr-2020 21:27:31 GMT
headers.set_cookie[0]._1p_jar # output: 2020-03-16-21
headers.set_cookie[0]["1P_JAR"] # output: 2020-03-16-21
```

Since v2.1 you can transform an Header object to its target `CustomHeader` subclass to access more methods.

```python
from kiss_headers import parse_it, get_polymorphic, SetCookie

my_cookies = """set-cookie: 1P_JAR=2020-03-16-21; expires=Wed, 15-Apr-2020 21:27:31 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.fr; Secure; SameSite=none
set-cookie: CONSENT=WP.284b10; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-2038 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.fr"""

headers = parse_it(my_cookies)

type(headers.set_cookie[0])  # output: Header

set_cookie = get_polymorphic(headers.set_cookie[0], SetCookie)

type(set_cookie)  # output: SetCookie

set_cookie.get_cookie_name()  # output: 1P_JAR
set_cookie.get_expire()  # output: datetime(...)
```

Just a note: Accessing a header that has the same name as a reserved keyword must be done this way :
```python
headers = parse_it('From: Ousret; origin=www.github.com\nIS: 1\nWhile: Not-True')

# this flavour
headers.from_ # to access From, just add a single underscore to it
# or.. just using :
headers['from']
```

#### ✍️Serialization

Since version 2.3.0 the package offer the possibility to un/serialize `Headers`.

```python
from requests import get
from kiss_headers import parse_it, dumps

json_repr: str = dumps(
    parse_it(
        get("https://www.google.fr")
    ),
    indent=4
)

print(json_repr)  # See the result bellow

# Additionally, how to parse the JSON repr to Headers again
headers = parse_it(json_repr)  # Yes! that easy!
```

```json
{
    "Date": [
        {
            "Tue, 02 Feb 2021 21:43:13 GMT": null
        }
    ],
    "Expires": [
        {
            "-1": null
        }
    ],
    "Cache-Control": [
        {
            "private": null
        },
        {
            "max-age": "0"
        }
    ],
    "Content-Type": [
        {
            "text/html": null,
            "charset": "ISO-8859-1"
        }
    ],
    "P3P": [
        {
            "CP": "This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info."
        }
    ],
    "Content-Encoding": [
        {
            "gzip": null
        }
    ],
    "Server": [
        {
            "gws": null
        }
    ],
    "X-XSS-Protection": [
        {
            "0": null
        }
    ],
    "X-Frame-Options": [
        {
            "SAMEORIGIN": null
        }
    ],
    "Set-Cookie": [
        {
            "NID": "208=D5XUqjrP9PNpiZu4laa_0xvy_IxBzQLtfxqeAqcPBgiY2y5sfSF51IFuXZnH0zDAF1KZ8x-0VsRyGOM0aStIzCUfdiPBOCxHSxUv39N0vwzku3aI2UkeRXhWw8-HWw5Ob41GB0PZi2coQsPM7ZEQ_fl9PlQ_ld1KrPA",
            "expires": "Wed, 04-Aug-2021 21:43:13 GMT",
            "path": "/",
            "domain": ".google.fr",
            "HttpOnly": null
        },
        {
            "CONSENT": "PENDING+880",
            "expires": "Fri, 01-Jan-2038 00:00:00 GMT",
            "path": "/",
            "domain": ".google.fr"
        }
    ],
    "Alt-Svc": [
        {
            "h3-29": ":443",
            "ma": "2592000"
        },
        {
            "h3-T051": ":443",
            "ma": "2592000"
        },
        {
            "h3-Q050": ":443",
            "ma": "2592000"
        },
        {
            "h3-Q046": ":443",
            "ma": "2592000"
        },
        {
            "h3-Q043": ":443",
            "ma": "2592000"
        },
        {
            "quic": ":443",
            "ma": "2592000",
            "v": "46,43"
        }
    ],
    "Transfer-Encoding": [
        {
            "chunked": null
        }
    ]
}
```

Alternatively you may use `from kiss_headers import parse_it, encode, decode` to transform `Headers` to `dict` (instead of JSON) or the other way around.
Understand that the `dict` returned in `encode` will differ from the method `to_dict()` in `Headers`.

#### 🛠️ Create headers from objects

Introduced in the version 2.0, kiss-headers now allow you to create headers with more than 40+ ready-to-use, fully documented, header objects.

1st example usage
```python
from kiss_headers import Headers, Authorization
from requests import get

response = get("https://httpbin.org/bearer", headers=Headers(Authorization("Bearer", "qwerty")))
print(response.status_code)  # 200
```

2nd example usage
```python
from kiss_headers import *

headers = (
    Host("developer.mozilla.org")
    + UserAgent(
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:50.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/50.0"
    )
    + Accept("text/html")
    + Accept("application/xhtml+xml")
    + Accept("application/xml", qualifier=0.9)
    + Accept(qualifier=0.8)
    + AcceptLanguage("en-US")
    + AcceptLanguage("en", qualifier=0.5)
    + AcceptEncoding("gzip")
    + AcceptEncoding("deflate")
    + AcceptEncoding("br")
    + Referer("https://developer.mozilla.org/testpage.html")
    + Connection(should_keep_alive=True)
    + UpgradeInsecureRequests()
    + IfModifiedSince("Mon, 18 Jul 2016 02:36:04 GMT")
    + IfNoneMatch("c561c68d0ba92bbeb8b0fff2a9199f722e3a621a")
    + CacheControl(max_age=0)
)

raw_headers = str(headers)
```

`raw_headers` now retain the following :

```
Host: developer.mozilla.org
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:50.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/50.0
Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml; q="0.9", */*; q="0.8"
Accept-Language: en-US, en; q="0.5"
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Referer: https://developer.mozilla.org/testpage.html
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
If-Modified-Since: Mon, 18 Jul 2016 02:36:04 GMT
If-None-Match: "c561c68d0ba92bbeb8b0fff2a9199f722e3a621a"
Cache-Control: max-age="0"
```

See the complete list of available header class in the full documentation.
Also, you can create your own custom header object using the class `kiss_headers.CustomHeader`.

## 📜 Documentation

See the full documentation for advanced usages : [jawah.github.io/kiss-headers](https://jawah.github.io/kiss-headers/)

## 👤 Contributing

Contributions, issues and feature requests are very much welcome.<br />
Feel free to check [issues page](https://github.com/jawah/kiss-headers/issues) if you want to contribute.

Firstly, after getting your own local copy, run `./scripts/install` to initialize your virtual environment.
Then run `./scripts/check` before you commit, make sure everything is still working.

Remember to keep it sweet and simple when contributing to this project.

## 📝 License

Copyright © 2020 [Ahmed TAHRI @Ousret](https://github.com/Ousret).<br />
This project is [MIT](https://github.com/jawah/kiss-headers/blob/master/LICENSE) licensed.