scikit-kinematics 0.10.4
Python utilites for movements in 3d space
License: BSD-3-Clause
Requires Python: >=3.9
Keywords: quaterions, rotations

![Title](docs/Images/skinematics.png)
===
scikit-kinematics
===

*scikit-kinematics* primarily contains functions for working with 3D
kinematics, e.g quaternions and rotation matrices. This includes
utilities to read in data from the following IMU-sensors: - polulu -
XSens - xio - xio-NGIMU - YEI

Compatible with Python &gt;= 3.9

Dependencies
------------

numpy, scipy, matplotlib, pandas, sympy, easygui

Homepage
--------

<http://work.thaslwanter.at/skinematics/html/>

Author: Thomas Haslwanter Date: 21-08-2025 Ver: 0.10.4 Licence: BSD
2-Clause License (<http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause>)
Copyright (c) 2024, Thomas Haslwanter All rights reserved.

Installation
------------

You can install scikit-kinematics with

> pip install scikit-kinematics

and upgrade to a new version with

> pip install --upgrade --no-deps scikit-kinematics

IMUs
====

Analysis of signals from IMUs (intertial-measurement-units). Read in
data, calculate orientation (with one of the algorithms below)

-   get\_data ... This method must be taken from one of the existing
    sensors, or from your own sensor. Currenlty the following sensors
    types are available:
    -   XSens
    -   xio (XIO, NGIMU, and XIO3)
    -   yei

    \* polulu
-   calc\_position

MARG Systems
------------

-   imus.analytical ... Calculate orientation and position, from angular
    velocity and linear acceleration
-   imus.kalman ... Calculate orientation from IMU-data using an
    Extended Kalman Filter.
-   

    imus.IMU ... Class for working with data from IMUs

    :   -   imus.IMU.calc\_position ... calculate position
        -   imus.IMU.setData ... set the properties of an IMU-object
        -   imus.IMU.set\_qtype ... sets q\_type, and automatically
            performs the relevant calculations.

-   imus.Madgwick ... Class for calculating the 3D orientation with the
    Madgwick-algorithm
-   imus.Mahony ... Class for calculating the 3D orientation with the
    Mahony-algorithm

Markers
=======

Analysis of signals from video-based marker-recordings of 3D movements

-   markers.analyze\_3Dmarkers ... Kinematic analysis of
    video-basedrecordings of 3D markers
-   markers.find\_trajectory ... Calculation of joint-movements from 3D
    marker positions

Quaternions
===========

Note that all these functions work with single quaternions and
quaternion vectors, as well as with arrays containing these.

Quaternion class
----------------

-   

    quat.Quaternion ... class, including overloading for multiplication and

    :   division (e.g. "quatCombined = quat1 \* quat2"), import and
        export

Functions for working with quaternions
--------------------------------------

-   quat.q\_conj ... Conjugate quaternion
-   quat.q\_inv ... Quaternion inversion
-   quat.q\_mult ... Quaternion multiplication
-   quat.q\_scalar ... Extract the scalar part from a quaternion
-   quat.q\_vector ... Extract the vector part from a quaternion
-   quat.unit\_q ... Extend a quaternion vector to a unit quaternion.

Conversion routines - quaternions
--------------------------------=

-   quat.calc\_angvel ... Calculates the velocity in space from
    quaternions
-   quat.calc\_quat ... Calculate orientation from a starting
    orientation and angular velocity.
-   quat.convert ... Convert quaternion to corresponding rotation matrix
    or Gibbs vector
-   quat.deg2quat ... Convert number or axis angles to quaternion
    vectors
-   quat.quat2seq ... Convert quaternions to sequention rotations
    ("nautical" angles, etc)
-   quat.scale2deg ... Convert quaternion to corresponding axis angle

Rotation Matrices
=================

Definition of rotation matrices
------------------------------=

-   rotmat.R ... 3D rotation matrix for rotation about a coordinate axis
-   rotmat.R_2d ... 2D rotation matrix

Conversion Routines - rotation matrices
--------------------------------------=

-   rotmat.convert ... Convert a rotation matrix to the corresponding
    quaternion
-   rotmat.seq2quat ... Convert nautical angles etc. to quaternions
-   rotmat.sequence ... Calculation of Euler, Fick, Helmholtz, ...
    angles

Symbolic matrices
-----------------

-   rotmat.R\_s() ... symbolix matrix for rotation about a coordinate
    axis
-   rotmat.R\_2d\_s() ... symbolix 2D matrix

For example, you can e.g. generate a Fick-matrix, with

&gt;&gt;&gt; R\_Fick = R\_s(2, 'theta') \* R\_s(1, 'phi') \* R\_s(0,
'psi')

Spatial Transformation Matrices
-------------------------------

-   rotmat.stm ... spatial transformation matrix, for combined
    rotations/translations
-   rotmat.stm\_s() ... symbolix spatial transformation matrix

Denavit-Hartenberg Transformations
----------------------------------

-   rotmat.dh ... Denavit-Hartenberg transformation matrix
-   rotmat.dh\_s ... symbolic Denavit-Hartenberg transformation matrix

Vectors
=======

Routines for working with vectors These routines can be used with
vectors, as well as with matrices containing a vector in each row.

-   vector.normalize ... Vector normalization
-   vector.project ... Projection of one vector onto another one
-   vector.GramSchmidt ... Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization of three
    points
-   vector.q\_shortest\_rotation ... Quaternion indicating the shortest
    rotation from one vector into another.
-   vector.rotate\_vector ... Rotation of a vector
-   vector.target2orient ... Convert target location into orientation
    angles

Interactive Data Analysis
========================-

-   viewer.ts ... interactive viewer for time series data
-   view.orientation ... visualize and animate orientations, expressed
    as quaternions.

Simulations
===========

- simulate_movements ... calculated ideal IMU-signals for combined rotations/translations

## Errata
The file [Errata.pdf](Errata.pdf) contains the a list of mistakes in the manuscript, and
the corresponding corrections.