np-animation 1.1.0
A MicroPython library for driving NeoPixel animations with time functions and keyframes
License: MIT
Requires Python: >=3.5
Keywords: micropython, neopixel, led, animation, ws2812, robotics, lego

<div align="center">
<img alt="np_animation logo" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antonvh/np_animation/master/img/np_animation.png" width="200">

# np_animation

[![PyPI Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/np_animation.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/np_animation/)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](LICENSE)
[![MicroPython](https://img.shields.io/badge/MicroPython-compatible-orange.svg)](https://micropython.org/)

A MicroPython library for driving smooth NeoPixel animations in a tight loop. It works with time functions and keyframes, making it easy to create complex LED animations for robotics, wearables, and IoT projects. The timing is on the clock, independing of your tight loop speed. Perfect for robot lighting effects, indicator lights, and decorative patterns.

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## Table of Contents

- [Features](#features)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Quick Start](#quick-start)
- [Projects & Tutorials](#projects--tutorials)
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [Supported Platforms](#supported-platforms)
- [License](#license)
- [Author](#author)

## Features

- 🎨 **Rich Animation Functions**: Built-in effects like pulse, hue shift, knight rider, indicators, and brake lights
- ⏱️ **Time-Based Animation**: Smooth animations using time functions and keyframes
- 🎯 **Function Matrix System**: Map multiple animation functions to different LED positions
- 🚗 **Vehicle Lighting**: Ready-made functions for indicators, brake lights, and headlights
- 🌈 **Color Utilities**: HSL/RGB conversion and color manipulation helpers
- 💡 **LED Control**: Direct control over individual LEDs or groups
- 🔄 **Keyframe Animation**: Support for complex keyframe-based animation sequences
- 🎮 **Dynamic Control**: Pass runtime parameters to control animation behavior


## Installation

### On LMS-ESP32

The module should be included in the latest MicroPython firmware from <https://www.antonsmindstorms.com>. If not, use ViperIDE or Thonny and create a new file called `np_animation.py`. Copy the contents from the same file in this repository inside.

### On MicroPython device using `micropip` from PyPI

```python
import micropip
await micropip.install("np_animation")
```

Note: `micropip` must be available on the target board and may require an internet connection from the device.

### Manual Installation

Copy `np_animation.py` to your MicroPython device's filesystem.

## Quick Start

### Basic Animation with Function Matrix

```python
from np_animation import NPAnimation, hue_shift, switch, grb
from time import sleep_ms

# Define animation function matrix
funcs = [
    [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], hue_shift(period=5000)],  # Rainbow effect on LEDs 0-5
    [[6, 7], switch(on=grb.WHITE, off=grb.OFF, name="headlights")],  # Switchable headlights
]

# Create animation instance (default pin 24, auto-detect LED count)
npa = NPAnimation(funcs)

# Animation loop
try:
    while True:
        npa.update_leds(headlights=True)  # Update with headlights on
        sleep_ms(50)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    npa.leds_off()
```

### Vehicle Lighting Example

```python
from np_animation import NPAnimation, indicators, brake_lights, switch, grb

# Create a complete vehicle lighting system
funcs = [
    [[0, 1], indicators(name="left_indicators")],   # Left turn signals
    [[10, 11], indicators(name="right_indicators")], # Right turn signals
    [[2, 3], switch(on=grb.WHITE, name="headlights")], # Headlights
    [[8, 9], brake_lights()],  # Brake lights (respond to speed parameter)
]

npa = NPAnimation(funcs, pin=24)

# In your control loop
while True:
    speed = get_motor_speed()  # Your speed function
    npa.update_leds(
        left_indicators=turn_left,
        right_indicators=turn_right,
        headlights=lights_on,
        speed=speed
    )
    sleep_ms(50)
```

### Color Conversion

```python
from np_animation import hsl_to_rgb, rgb_to_hsl, to_grb

# Convert HSL to RGB
rgb = hsl_to_rgb(120, 100, 50)  # Green: (0, 255, 0)

# Convert RGB to HSL
hsl = rgb_to_hsl(255, 0, 0)  # Red: (0, 100, 50)

# Convert RGB to GRB bytes for NeoPixel
grb_bytes = to_grb((255, 0, 0))  # b'\x00\xff\x00'
```

### Knight Rider Effect

```python
from np_animation import NPAnimation, knight_rider, grb

funcs = [
    [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], knight_rider(period=2000, width=6, color=grb.RED)]
]

npa = NPAnimation(funcs)

while True:
    npa.update_leds()
    sleep_ms(50)
```

### Keyframe Animation

```python
from np_animation import NPAnimation, keyframes, grb

# Define keyframes: (time_ms, [led_colors])
EMERGENCY = [
    (0, [grb.RED]*3 + [grb.OFF]*3),
    (150, [grb.OFF]*6),
    (200, [grb.RED]*3 + [grb.OFF]*3),
    (350, [grb.OFF]*6),
    (500, [grb.OFF]*3 + [grb.BLUE]*3),
    (650, [grb.OFF]*6),
    (1000, [grb.OFF]*6)
]

funcs = [
    [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], keyframes(EMERGENCY)]
]

npa = NPAnimation(funcs)

while True:
    npa.update_leds()
    sleep_ms(50)
```

## Projects & Tutorials

See np_animation in action! Check out these project tutorials and videos showcasing real-world applications.

### 📝 Blog Tutorials

<table>
<tr>
<td width="50%">
<a href="https://www.antonsmindstorms.com/2024/07/08/creating-a-knight-rider-neopixel-animation-with-python/">
<img src="https://www.antonsmindstorms.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/20240707_193241-2048x1153.avif" alt="Knight Rider KITT Scanner" width="100%">
</a>
<h4><a href="https://www.antonsmindstorms.com/2024/07/08/creating-a-knight-rider-neopixel-animation-with-python/">Creating a Knight Rider NeoPixel Animation</a></h4>
<p>Learn how to recreate the iconic KITT scanner effect from the Knight Rider TV series using the knight_rider() function. Includes detailed code explanation and implementation tips.</p>
</td>
<td width="50%">
<a href="https://www.antonsmindstorms.com/2024/08/16/lighting-astro-boy-with-a-radar-sensor-and-rgb-neopixel-leds/">
<img src="https://www.antonsmindstorms.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/20240705_213309-2048x1153.avif" alt="Astro Boy with Radar Sensor" width="100%">
</a>
<h4><a href="https://www.antonsmindstorms.com/2024/08/16/lighting-astro-boy-with-a-radar-sensor-and-rgb-neopixel-leds/">Lighting Astro Boy with a Radar Sensor</a></h4>
<p>Add interactive lighting to brick models using a radar proximity sensor. Astro Boy lights up only when someone waves at him, combining multiple animation effects with sensor input.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

### 🎥 Video Tutorials

<table>
<tr>
<td width="50%">
<a href="https://youtu.be/MiwjwRvpz_M">
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antonvh/np_animation/master/img/knight_rider_youtube.jpg" alt="Knight Rider Animation Tutorial" width="100%">
</a>
<h4><a href="https://youtu.be/MiwjwRvpz_M">Knight Rider Animation Video Tutorial</a></h4>
<p>Watch the KITT scanner effect in action on a LEGO Technic car with step-by-step implementation guide.</p>
</td>
<td width="50%">
<a href="https://youtu.be/ZBM4gESIHYM">
<img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/ZBM4gESIHYM/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Extreme Off-Roader with LED Effects" width="100%">
</a>
<h4><a href="https://youtu.be/ZBM4gESIHYM">Extreme Off-Roader LED Effects</a></h4>
<p>See the np_animation library in full action with complex lighting effects on an off-road vehicle build.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

### 🔗 More Projects

Explore more NeoPixel projects and tutorials on the [NeoPixel tag page](https://www.antonsmindstorms.com/tag/neopixel/) at Anton's Mindstorms.

## Documentation

### Core Class

**`NPAnimation(light_funcs, pin=24, n_leds=0)`**

Main animation class that manages LED updates based on a function matrix.

- `light_funcs`: List of `[led_positions, animation_function]` pairs
- `pin`: GPIO pin for NeoPixel data line
- `n_leds`: Number of LEDs (auto-detected from function matrix if 0)

**Methods:**

- `update_leds(time=None, **kwargs)`: Update all LEDs based on current time and parameters
- `leds_off()`: Turn off all LEDs

### Animation Functions

All animation functions return a function that takes `(time, **kwargs)` and returns color data.

**`hue_shift(period=1000, offset=0)`**  
Continuously shifts through the color spectrum.

**`pulse(color=grb.WHITE, period=5000, offset=0, min_pct=0, max_pct=100)`**  
Pulsing brightness effect with configurable color and range.

**`knight_rider(period=2000, width=6, color=grb.RED)`**  
Classic scanning effect like KITT from Knight Rider.

**`indicators(on=grb.ORANGE, off=grb.OFF, interval=500, name="indicators")`**  
Blinking indicator lights with on/off control.

**`brake_lights(drive=grb.DARK_RED, brake=grb.RED, reverse=grb.WHITE)`**  
Vehicle brake lights that respond to speed parameter.

**`switch(on=grb.WHITE, off=grb.OFF, name="switch")`**  
Simple on/off switch controlled by a boolean parameter.

**`delayed_switch(on=grb.RED, off=grb.OFF, delay=2000)`**  
Switch that turns off after a delay.

**`keyframes(frames)`**  
Play a list of `(time, colors)` keyframes in a loop.

**`keyframes_dict(frames_dict, name="animation")`**  
Switch between multiple keyframe animations at runtime.

### Color Utilities

**`hsl_to_rgb(h, s, l)`** - Convert HSL (0-359, 0-100, 0-100) to RGB (0-255)

**`rgb_to_hsl(r, g, b)`** - Convert RGB to HSL

**`to_grb(rgb)`** - Convert RGB tuple to GRB bytes

**`from_grb(grb)`** - Convert GRB bytes to RGB tuple

### Color Constants

**`grb` class** - Pre-defined colors in GRB byte format:

- `ORANGE`, `BLACK/OFF/NONE`, `WHITE`, `RED`, `DARK_RED`, `BLUE`, `YELLOW`, `GREEN`, `CYAN`, `VIOLET`, `MAGENTA`, `GRAY`

**`rgb` class** - Same colors in RGB tuple format

## Supported Platforms

- **ESP32** with MicroPython
- **LEGO SPIKE Prime/Essential** (with MicroPython firmware)
- **LEGO MINDSTORMS Robot Inventor**
- **Raspberry Pi Pico/Pico W**
- Any MicroPython board with NeoPixel support

## License

MIT License

## Author

Anton Vanhoucke