textX 4.3.0
Meta-language for DSL implementation inspired by Xtext
Requires Python: >=3.8
Keywords: parser, meta-language, meta-model, language, DSL

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textX is a meta-language for building Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) in
Python. It is inspired by [Xtext].

In a nutshell, textX will help you build your textual language in an easy way.
You can invent your own language or build a support for already existing textual
language or file format.

From a single language description (grammar), textX will build a parser and a
meta-model (a.k.a. abstract syntax) for the language. See the docs for the
details.

textX follows the syntax and semantics of Xtext but [differs in some
places](http://textx.github.io/textX/about/comparison.html) and is
implemented 100% in Python using [Arpeggio] PEG parser - no grammar ambiguities,
unlimited lookahead, interpreter style of work.


## Quick intro

Here is a complete example that shows the definition of a simple DSL for
drawing. We also show how to define a custom class, interpret models and search
for instances of a particular type.

```python
from textx import metamodel_from_str, get_children_of_type

grammar = """
Model: commands*=DrawCommand;
DrawCommand: MoveCommand | ShapeCommand;
ShapeCommand: LineTo | Circle;
MoveCommand: MoveTo | MoveBy;
MoveTo: 'move' 'to' position=Point;
MoveBy: 'move' 'by' vector=Point;
Circle: 'circle' radius=INT;
LineTo: 'line' 'to' point=Point;
Point: x=INT ',' y=INT;
"""

# We will provide our class for Point.
# Classes for other rules will be dynamically generated.
class Point:
    def __init__(self, parent, x, y):
        self.parent = parent
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def __str__(self):
        return "{},{}".format(self.x, self.y)

    def __add__(self, other):
        return Point(self.parent, self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)

# Create meta-model from the grammar. Provide `Point` class to be used for
# the rule `Point` from the grammar.
mm = metamodel_from_str(grammar, classes=[Point])

model_str = """
    move to 5, 10
    line to 10, 10
    line to 20, 20
    move by 5, -7
    circle 10
    line to 10, 10
"""

# Meta-model knows how to parse and instantiate models.
model = mm.model_from_str(model_str)

# At this point model is a plain Python object graph with instances of
# dynamically created classes and attributes following the grammar.

def cname(o):
    return o.__class__.__name__

# Let's interpret the model
position = Point(None, 0, 0)
for command in model.commands:
    if cname(command) == 'MoveTo':
        print('Moving to position', command.position)
        position = command.position
    elif cname(command) == 'MoveBy':
        position = position + command.vector
        print('Moving by', command.vector, 'to a new position', position)
    elif cname(command) == 'Circle':
        print('Drawing circle at', position, 'with radius', command.radius)
    else:
        print('Drawing line from', position, 'to', command.point)
        position = command.point
print('End position is', position)

# Output:
# Moving to position 5,10
# Drawing line from 5,10 to 10,10
# Drawing line from 10,10 to 20,20
# Moving by 5,-7 to a new position 25,13
# Drawing circle at 25,13 with radius 10
# Drawing line from 25,13 to 10,10

# Collect all points starting from the root of the model
points = get_children_of_type("Point", model)
for point in points:
    print('Point: {}'.format(point))

# Output:
# Point: 5,10
# Point: 10,10
# Point: 20,20
# Point: 5,-7
# Point: 10,10
```


## Video tutorials


### Introduction to textX


[![Introduction to
textX](https://img.youtube.com/vi/CN2IVtInapo/0.jpg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CN2IVtInapo)


### Implementing Martin Fowler's State Machine DSL in textX

[![Implementing State Machine
DSL](https://img.youtube.com/vi/HI14jk0JIR0/0.jpg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HI14jk0JIR0)


## Docs and tutorials

The full documentation with tutorials is available at
http://textx.github.io/textX/stable/

You can also try textX in [our
playground](https://textx.github.io/textx-playground/). There is a dropdown with
several examples to get you started.


# Support in IDE/editors

Projects that are currently in progress are:

- [textX-LS](https://github.com/textX/textX-LS) - support for Language Server
  Protocol and VS Code for any textX based language. This project is about to
  supersede the following projects:
  - [textX-languageserver](https://github.com/textX/textX-languageserver) -
    Language Server Protocol support for textX languages
  - [textX-extensions](https://github.com/textX/textX-extensions) - syntax
    highlighting, code outline
- [viewX](https://github.com/danielkupco/viewX-vscode) - creating visualizers
  for textX languages
  
If you are a vim editor user check
out [support for vim](https://github.com/textX/textx.vim/).

For emacs there is [textx-mode](https://github.com/textX/textx-mode) which is
also available in [MELPA](https://melpa.org/#/textx-mode).

You can also check
out [textX-ninja project](https://github.com/textX/textX-ninja). It is
currently unmaintained.


## Discussion and help

For general questions, suggestions, and feature requests please use [GitHub
Discussions](https://github.com/textX/textX/discussions).


For issues please use [GitHub issue
tracker](https://github.com/textX/textX/issues).


## Citing textX

If you are using textX in your research project we would be very grateful if you
cite our paper:

Dejanović I., Vaderna R., Milosavljević G., Vuković Ž. (2017). [TextX: A Python
tool for Domain-Specific Languages
implementation](https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2016.10.023).
Knowledge-Based Systems, 115, 1-4.


## License

MIT

## Python versions

Tested for 3.8+


[Arpeggio]: https://github.com/textX/Arpeggio
[Xtext]: http://www.eclipse.org/Xtext/