rdk 0.17.22
Rule Development Kit CLI for AWS Config
License: Apache-2.0
Requires Python: <4.0.0,>=3.10.0
Keywords: amazon, aws, awslabs, rdk, config, rules, compliance

# AWS RDK

The AWS Config Rules Development Kit

[![pypibadge](https://static.pepy.tech/personalized-badge/rdk?period=total&units=international_system&left_color=black&right_color=blue&left_text=downloads)](https://pepy.tech/project/rdk)
![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/rdk)

We greatly appreciate feedback and bug reports at <rdk-maintainers@amazon.com>! You may also create an issue on this repo.

The RDK is designed to support a "Compliance-as-Code" workflow that is intuitive and productive. It abstracts away much of the undifferentiated heavy lifting associated with deploying AWS Config rules backed by custom Lambda functions, and provides a streamlined develop-deploy-monitor iterative process.

For complete documentation, including command reference, check out the [ReadTheDocs documentation](https://aws-config-rdk.readthedocs.io/).

## Getting Started

Uses Python 3.9+ and is installed via `pip`. Requires you to have an AWS account and sufficient permissions to manage the Config service, and to create S3 Buckets, Roles, and Lambda Functions. An AWS IAM Policy Document that describes the minimum necessary permissions can be found at `policy/rdk-minimum-permissions.json`.

Under the hood, `rdk` uses `boto3` to make API calls to AWS, so you can set your credentials any way that boto3 recognizes (options 3 through 8 [here](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/credentials.html#guide-credentials)) or pass them in with the command-line parameters `--profile`, `--region`, `--access-key-id`, or `--secret-access-key`

If you just want to use the RDK, go ahead and install it using pip.

```bash
pip install rdk rdklib # rdklib is highly-recommended for simplifying rule management.
```

Alternately, if you want to see the code and/or contribute you can clone the git repo, and then from the repo directory use `pip` to install the package. Use the `-e` flag to generate symlinks so that any edits you make will be reflected when you run the installed package.

```bash
pip install -e .
```

To make sure `rdk` is installed correctly, running the package from the command line without any arguments should display help information.

```bash
rdk
usage: rdk [-h] [-p PROFILE] [-k ACCESS_KEY_ID] [-s SECRET_ACCESS_KEY]
           [-r REGION] [-f REGION_FILE] [--region-set REGION_SET]
           [-v] <command> ...
rdk: error: the following arguments are required: <command>, <command arguments>
```

## Usage

### Configure your env

To use the RDK, it's recommended to create a directory that will be your working directory. This should be committed to a source code repo, and ideally created as a python virtualenv. In that directory, run the `init` command to set up your AWS Config environment.

```bash
rdk init
Running init!
Creating Config bucket config-bucket-780784666283
Creating IAM role config-role
Waiting for IAM role to propagate
Config Service is ON
Config setup complete.
Creating Code bucket config-rule-code-bucket-780784666283ap-southeast-1
```

Running `init` subsequent times will validate your AWS Config setup and re-create any S3 buckets or IAM resources that are needed.

- If you have config delivery bucket already present in some other AWS account then use `--config-bucket-exists-in-another-account` as argument.

```bash
rdk init --config-bucket-exists-in-another-account
```

- If you have AWS Organizations/ControlTower Setup in your AWS environment then additionally, use `--control-tower` as argument.

```bash
rdk init --control-tower --config-bucket-exists-in-another-account
```

- If bucket for custom lambda code is already present in current account then use `--skip-code-bucket-creation` argument.

```bash
rdk init --skip-code-bucket-creation
```

- If you want rdk to create/update and upload the `rdklib-layer` for you, then use `--generate-lambda-layer` argument. In supported regions, rdk will deploy the layer using the Serverless Application Repository, otherwise it will build a local lambda layer archive and upload it for use.

```bash
rdk init --generate-lambda-layer
```

- If you want rdk to give a custom name to the lambda layer for you, then use `--custom-layer-namer` argument. The Serverless Application Repository currently cannot be used for custom lambda layers.

```bash
rdk init --generate-lambda-layer --custom-layer-name <LAYER_NAME>
```

## Create Rules

In your working directory, use the `create` command to start creating a new custom rule. You must specify the runtime for the Lambda function that will back the Rule, and you can also specify a resource type (or comma-separated list of types) that the Rule will evaluate or a maximum frequency for a periodic rule. This will add a new directory for the rule and populate it with several files, including a skeleton of your Lambda code.

> :warning: By default, if you do not specify a runtime, `rdk` will select the latest `rdklib` Python runtime (eg. `python3.13-lib`). If you use an `rdklib` runtime, you will need to have `rdklib` Lambda layer installed in your AWS account (see `--generate-lambda-layer` in `rdk init` above), and will need `rdklib` installed locally if you plan to run unit tests locally. Alternatively, you can explicitly specify a non-`rdklib` runtime like `python3.13`.

```bash
rdk create MyRule --runtime python3.13 --resource-types AWS::EC2::Instance --input-parameters '{"desiredInstanceType":"t2.micro"}'
Running create!
Local Rule files created.
```

On Windows it is necessary to escape the double-quotes when specifying input parameters, so the `--input-parameters` argument would instead look something like this:

`'{\"desiredInstanceType\":\"t2.micro\"}'`

As of RDK v0.17.0, you can also specify `--resource-types ALL` to include all resource types.

Note that you can create rules that use EITHER `resource-types` OR `maximum-frequency`, but not both. We have found that rules that try to be both event-triggered as well as periodic wind up being very complicated and so we do not recommend it as a best practice.

### Edit Rules Locally

Once you have created the rule, edit the python file in your rule directory (in the above example it would be `MyRule/MyRule.py`, but may be deeper into the rule directory tree depending on your chosen Lambda runtime) to add whatever logic your Rule requires in the `evaluate_compliance` function. You will have access to the CI that was sent by Config, as well as any parameters configured for the Config Rule. Your function should return either a simple compliance status (one of `COMPLIANT`, `NON_COMPLIANT`, or `NOT_APPLICABLE`) or a JSON object with multiple evaluation responses that the RDK will send back to AWS Config.

An example would look like:

```python
for sg in response['SecurityGroups']:
    evaluations.append(
    {
        'ComplianceResourceType': 'AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup',
        'ComplianceResourceId': sg['GroupId'],
        'ComplianceType': 'COMPLIANT',
        'Annotation': 'This is an important note.',
        'OrderingTimestamp': str(datetime.datetime.now())
    })
return evaluations
```

This is necessary for periodic rules that are not triggered by any CI change (which means the CI that is passed in will be null), and also for attaching annotations to your evaluation results.

If you want to see what the JSON structure of a CI looks like for creating your logic, you can use

```bash
rdk sample-ci <Resource Type>
```

to output a formatted JSON document.

### Write and Run Unit Tests

If you are writing Config Rules using either of the Python runtimes there will be a `<rule name>_test.py` file deployed along with your Lambda function skeleton. This can be used to write unit tests according to the standard Python unittest framework (documented [here](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html)), which can be run using the `test-local` rdk command:

```bash
rdk test-local MyTestRule
Running local test!
Testing MyTestRule
Looking for tests in /Users/mborch/Code/rdk-dev/MyTestRule

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Ran 0 tests in 0.000s

OK
<unittest.runner.TextTestResult run=0 errors=0 failures=0>
```

The test file includes setup for the MagicMock library that can be used to stub `boto3` API calls if your rule logic will involve making API calls to gather additional information about your AWS environment. For some tips on how to do this, check out this blog post: [Mock Is Magic](https://sgillies.net/2017/10/19/mock-is-magic.html)

### Modify Rule

If you need to change the parameters of a Config rule in your working directory you can use the `modify` command. Any parameters you specify will overwrite existing values, any that you do not specify will not be changed.

```bash
rdk modify MyRule --runtime python3.13 --maximum-frequency TwentyFour_Hours --input-parameters '{"desiredInstanceType":"t2.micro"}'
Running modify!
Modified Rule 'MyRule'.  Use the `deploy` command to push your changes to AWS.
```

Again, on Windows the input parameters would look like:

`'{\"desiredInstanceType\":\"t2.micro\"}'`

It is worth noting that until you actually call the `deploy` command your rule only exists in your working directory; none of the Rule commands discussed thus far actually makes changes to your account.

### Deploy Rule

Once you have completed your compliance validation code and set your Rule's configuration, you can deploy the Rule to your account using the `deploy` command. This will zip up your code (and the other associated code files, if any) into a deployable package, copy that zip file to S3, and then launch or update a CloudFormation stack that defines your Config Rule, Lambda function, and the necessary permissions and IAM Roles for it to function. Since CloudFormation does not deeply inspect Lambda code objects in S3 to construct its changeset, the `deploy` command will also directly update the Lambda function for any subsequent deployments to make sure code changes are propagated correctly.

```bash
rdk deploy MyRule
Running deploy!
Zipping MyRule
Uploading MyRule
Creating CloudFormation Stack for MyRule
Waiting for CloudFormation stack operation to complete...
...
Waiting for CloudFormation stack operation to complete...
Config deploy complete.
```

The exact output will vary depending on Lambda runtime. You can use the `--all` flag to deploy all of the rules in your working directory. If you used the `--generate-lambda-layer` flag in `rdk init`, use the `--generated-lambda-layer` flag for rdk deploy.

### Deploy Organization Rule

You can also deploy the Rule to your AWS Organization using the `deploy-organization` command. For successful evaluation of custom rules in child accounts, please make sure you do one of the following:

1. Set ASSUME_ROLE_MODE in Lambda code to True, to get the Lambda to assume the Role attached on the Config Service and confirm that the role trusts the master account where the Lambda function is going to be deployed.
2. Set ASSUME_ROLE_MODE in Lambda code to True, to get the Lambda to assume a custom role and define an optional parameter with key as ExecutionRoleName and set the value to your custom role name; confirm that the role trusts the master account of the organization where the Lambda function will be deployed.

```bash
rdk deploy-organization MyRule
Running deploy!
Zipping MyRule
Uploading MyRule
Creating CloudFormation Stack for MyRule
Waiting for CloudFormation stack operation to complete...
...
Waiting for CloudFormation stack operation to complete...
Config deploy complete.
```

The exact output will vary depending on Lambda runtime. You can use the `--all` flag to deploy all of the rules in your working directory. This command uses `PutOrganizationConfigRule` API for the rule deployment. If a new account joins an organization, the rule is deployed to that account. When an account leaves an organization, the rule is removed. Deployment of existing organizational AWS Config Rules will only be retried for 7 hours after an account is added to your organization if a recorder is not available. You are expected to create a recorder if one doesn't exist within 7 hours of adding an account to your organization.

### View Logs For Deployed Rule

Once the Rule has been deployed to AWS you can get the CloudWatch logs associated with your Lambda function using the `logs` command.

```bash
rdk logs MyRule -n 5
2017-11-15 22:59:33 - START RequestId: 96e7639a-ca15-11e7-95a2-b1521890638d Version: $LATEST
2017-11-15 23:41:13 - REPORT RequestId: 68e0304f-ca1b-11e7-b735-81ebae95acda    Duration: 0.50 ms    Billed Duration: 100 ms     Memory Size: 256 MB     Max Memory Used: 36 MB
2017-11-15 23:41:13 - END RequestId: 68e0304f-ca1b-11e7-b735-81ebae95acda
2017-11-15 23:41:13 - Default RDK utility class does not yet support Scheduled Notifications.
2017-11-15 23:41:13 - START RequestId: 68e0304f-ca1b-11e7-b735-81ebae95acda Version: $LATEST
```

You can use the `-n` and `-f` command line flags just like the UNIX `tail` command to view a larger number of log events and to continuously poll for new events. The latter option can be useful in conjunction with manually initiating Config Evaluations for your deploy Config Rule to make sure it is behaving as expected.

## Running the tests

The `testing` directory contains scripts and buildspec files that I use to run basic functionality tests across a variety of CLI environments (currently Ubuntu Linux running Python 3.7/3.8/3.9/3.10, and Windows Server running Python 3.10). If there is interest I can release a CloudFormation template that could be used to build the test environment, let me know if this is something you want!

## Advanced Features

### Security Considerations

By default, RDK creates Lambda functions with permissions which allow the AWS Config service to use the `lambda:InvokeFunction` action. There are no additional conditions added to the permissions to restrict which source accounts may invoke the function. That is, any Config rule can be configured with the function ARN to invoke the function.

In practice, this is not a large security risk:
1. The primary security risk is that the function may be invoked repeatedly, leading to unwanted costs. The attacker would also incur costs for using the Config service. This risk can be further mitigated by adding concurrency configuration to the function.
2. The secondary security risk is that the Lambda function may return evaluations to the calling account that expose unwanted information. Depending on what information is included in the Evaluation messages, this could give an attacker information about how a rule is evaluated. However, it will not reveal information about resources in your account(s), as the function will be evaluated in the context of the account where the Config rule is present.

In any case, avoid publicizing your Lambda ARNs and don't include sensitive information in your Evaluation responses. You may also choose to use the `aws:sourceAccount` or `aws:SourceOrgID` condition keys to restrict the Config rules that are allowed to invoke the Lambda function.

### Cross-Account Deployments

Features have been added to the RDK to facilitate the cross-account deployment pattern that enterprise customers have standardized for custom Config Rules. A cross-account architecture is one in which the Lambda functions are deployed to a single central "Compliance" account (which may be the same as a central "Security" account), and the Config Rules are deployed to any number of "Satellite" accounts that are used by other teams or departments. This gives the compliance team confidence that their rule logic cannot be tampered with and makes it much easier for them to modify rule logic without having to go through a complex deployment process to potentially hundreds of AWS accounts. The cross-account pattern uses two advanced RDK features:

- `--functions-only` (`-f`) deployment
- `create-rule-template` command

#### Functions-Only Deployment

By using the `-f` or `--functions-only` flag on the `deploy` command the RDK will deploy only the necessary Lambda Functions, Lambda Execution Role, and Lambda Permissions to the account specified by the execution credentials. It accomplishes this by batching up all of the Lambda function CloudFormation snippets for the selected Rule(s) into a single dynamically generated template and deploy that CloudFormation template. One consequence of this is that subsequent deployments that specify a different set of rules for the same stack name will update that CloudFormation stack, and any Rules that were included in the first deployment but not in the second will be removed. You can use the `--stack-name` parameter to override the default CloudFormation stack name if you need to manage different subsets of your Lambda Functions independently. The intended usage is to deploy the functions for all of the Config rules in the Security/Compliance account, which can be done simply by using `rdk deploy -f --all` from your working directory.

#### create-rule-template command

This command generates a CloudFormation template that defines the AWS Config rules themselves, along with the Config Role, Config data bucket, Configuration Recorder, and Delivery channel necessary for the Config rules to work in a satellite account. You must specify the file name for the generated template using the `--output-file` or `-o` command line flags. The generated template takes a single parameter of the AccountID of the central compliance account that contains the Lambda functions that will back your custom Config Rules. The generated template can be deployed in the desired satellite accounts through any of the means that you can deploy any other CloudFormation template, including the console, the CLI, as a CodePipeline task, or using StackSets. The `create-rule-template` command takes all of the standard arguments for selecting Rules to include in the generated template, including lists of individual Rule names, an `--all` flag, or using the RuleSets feature described below.

```bash
rdk create-rule-template -o remote-rule-template.json --all
Generating CloudFormation template!
CloudFormation template written to remote-rule-template.json
```

### Disable the supported resource types check

It is now possible to define a resource type that is not yet supported by `rdk`. To disable the supported resource check use the optional flag `--skip-supported-resource-check` during the create command.

```bash
rdk create MyRule --runtime python3.13 --resource-types AWS::New::ResourceType --skip-supported-resource-check
'AWS::New::ResourceType' not found in list of accepted resource types.
Skip-Supported-Resource-Check Flag set (--skip-supported-resource-check), ignoring missing resource type error.
Running create!
Local Rule files created.
```

### Custom Lambda Function Name

As of version 0.7.14, instead of defaulting the lambda function names to `RDK-Rule-Function-<RULE_NAME>` it is possible to customize the name for the Lambda function to any 64 characters string as per Lambda's naming standards using the optional `--custom-lambda-name` flag while performing `rdk create`. This opens up new features like:

1. Longer config rule name.
2. Custom lambda function naming as per personal or enterprise standards.

```bash
rdk create MyLongerRuleName --runtime python3.13 --resource-types AWS::EC2::Instance --custom-lambda-name custom-prefix-for-MyLongerRuleName
Running create!
Local Rule files created.
```

The above example would create files with config rule name as `MyLongerRuleName` and Lambda function with the name `custom-prefix-for-MyLongerRuleName` instead of `RDK-Rule-Function-MyLongerRuleName`.

### RuleSets

New as of version 0.3.11, it is possible to add RuleSet tags to rules that can be used to deploy and test groups of rules together. Rules can belong to multiple RuleSets, and RuleSet membership is stored only in the parameters.json metadata. The [deploy](docs/commands/deploy.md), [create-rule-template](docs/commands/create-rule-template.md), and [test-local](docs/commands/test-local.md) commands are RuleSet-aware such that a RuleSet can be passed in as the target instead of `--all` or a specific named Rule.

A comma-delimited list of RuleSets can be added to a Rule when you create it (using the `--rulesets` flag), as part of a `modify` command, or using new `ruleset` subcommands to add or remove individual rule from a RuleSet.

Running `rdk rulesets list` will display a list of the RuleSets currently defined across all of the Rules in the working directory

```bash
rdk rulesets list
RuleSets:  AnotherRuleSet MyNewSet
```

Naming a specific RuleSet will list all of the Rules that are part of that RuleSet.

```bash
rdk rulesets list AnotherRuleSet
Rules in AnotherRuleSet :  RSTest
```

Rules can be added to or removed from RuleSets using the `add` and `remove` subcommands:

```bash
rdk rulesets add MyNewSet RSTest
RSTest added to RuleSet MyNewSet

rdk rulesets remove AnotherRuleSet RSTest
RSTest removed from RuleSet AnotherRuleSet
```

RuleSets are a convenient way to maintain a single repository of Config Rules that may need to have subsets of them deployed to different environments. For example your development environment may contain some of the Rules that you run in Production but not all of them; RuleSets gives you a way to identify and selectively deploy the appropriate Rules to each environment.

### Managed Rules

The RDK is able to deploy AWS Managed Rules.

To do so, create a rule using `rdk create` and provide a valid SourceIdentifier via the `--source-identifier` CLI option. The list of Managed Rules can be found [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/config/latest/developerguide/managed-rules-by-aws-config.html), and note that the Identifier can be obtained by replacing the dashes with underscores and using all capitals (for example, the `guardduty-enabled-centralized` rule has the SourceIdentifier `GUARDDUTY_ENABLED_CENTRALIZED`). Just like custom Rules you will need to specify source events and/or a maximum evaluation frequency, and also pass in any Rule parameters. The resulting Rule directory will contain only the parameters.json file, but using `rdk deploy` or `rdk create-rule-template` can be used to deploy the Managed Rule like any other Custom Rule.

### Deploying Rules Across Multiple Regions

The RDK is able to run init/deploy/undeploy across multiple regions using the `-f` and `-t` flags: `rdk -f <region file> -t <region set>`

If no region group is specified, rdk will deploy to the `default` region set.

To create a sample starter region group, run `rdk create-region-set` to specify the filename, add the `-o <region set output file name>` this will create a region set with the following tests and regions `"default":["us-east-1","us-west-1","eu-north-1","ap-east-1"],"aws-cn-region-set":["cn-north-1","cn-northwest-1"]`

### Using RDK to Generate a Lambda Layer in a region (Python3)

By default `rdk init --generate-lambda-layer` will generate an `rdklib` Lambda layer while running init in whatever region it is run, to force re-generation of the layer, run `rdk init --generate-lambda-layer` again over a region.

To use this generated lambda layer, add the flag `--generated-lambda-layer` when running `rdk deploy`. For example:

```bash
rdk -f regions.yaml deploy LP3_TestRule_P39_lib --generated-lambda-layer
```

If you created layer with a custom name (by running `rdk init --custom-lambda-layer`), add a similar `custom-lambda-layer` flag when running `deploy`.

### Proactive Rules

As of version `1.0.0`, RDK now supports proactive rule creation. Proactive evaluation mode only applies to CloudFormation template deployment, and does not apply to already-deployed resources. Proactive rules are therefore only evaluated as "configuration changes", not periodic rules.

You can create a proactive rule using `rdk create`'s flag `--evaluation-mode` and specifying an argument as outlined by `rdk create`'s help text. This will set the evaluation mode in the `parameters.json`.

For more detail on proactive rules, see [this blog post](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/mt/how-to-use-aws-config-proactive-rules-and-aws-cloudformation-hooks-to-prevent-creation-of-non-complaint-cloud-resources/). Note that the presence of a proactive rule does NOT automatically block misconfigured resources. You need to configure [CloudFormation Hooks](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation-cli/latest/hooks-userguide/what-is-cloudformation-hooks.html) in order to use the Config rule to assess (and potentially block) the CFT deployment.

Note that proactive rules are **NOT** supported for Organization Rules, as of May 2024. This is a limitation of the Config service. Proactive evaluation mode is supported for single-account custom and managed rules.

## Support & Feedback

This project is maintained by AWS Solution Architects and Consultants. It is not part of an AWS service and support is provided best-effort by the maintainers. To post feedback, submit feature ideas, or report bugs, please use the [Issues section](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-config-rdk/issues) of this repo.

## Contributing

Email us at <rdk-maintainers@amazon.com> if you have any questions. We are happy to help and discuss.

## Contacts

- **Benjamin Morris** - [bmorrissirromb](https://github.com/bmorrissirromb) - _current lead maintainer_
- **Nima Fotouhi** - [nimaft](https://github.com/nimaft) - _current maintainer_

## Past Contributors

- **Michael Borchert** - _Original Python version_
- **Jonathan Rault** - _Original Design, testing, feedback_
- **Greg Kim and Chris Gutierrez** - _Initial work and CI definitions_
- **Henry Huang** - _Original CFN templates and other code_
- **Santosh Kumar** - _maintainer_
- **Jose Obando** - _maintainer_
- **Jarrett Andrulis** - [jarrettandrulis](https://github.com/jarrettandrulis) - _maintainer_
- **Sandeep Batchu** - [batchus](https://github.com/batchus) - _maintainer_
- **Mark Beacom** - [mbeacom](https://github.com/mbeacom) - _maintainer_
- **Ricky Chau** - [rickychau2780](https://github.com/rickychau2780) - _maintainer_
- **Julio Delgado Jr** - [tekdj7](https://github.com/tekdj7) - _maintainer_
- **Carlo DePaolis** - [depaolism](https://github.com/depaolism) - _current maintainer_

## License

This project is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License

## Acknowledgments

- the boto3 team makes all of this magic possible.

## Link

- to view example of rules built with the RDK: [https://github.com/awslabs/aws-config-rules/tree/master/python](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-config-rules/tree/master/python)