git-cola 4.17.1
Git Cola is a powerful Git GUI with a slick and intuitive user interface.

# git-cola: The highly caffeinated Git GUI

Git Cola is a powerful Git GUI with a slick and intuitive user interface.

    git clone https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola.git

[![License](https://img.shields.io/:license-GPL-green.svg)](LICENSE)
[![Build status](https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/actions/workflows/main.yml)
[![OpenSSF Best Practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/251/badge)](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/251)
[![pre-commit.ci](https://results.pre-commit.ci/badge/github/git-cola/git-cola/main.svg)](https://results.pre-commit.ci/latest/github/git-cola/git-cola/main)

* [Screenshots](https://git-cola.github.io/screenshots.html)

* [Downloads](https://git-cola.github.io/downloads.html)


# Documentation

* [Keyboard shortcuts](https://git-cola.github.io/share/doc/git-cola/hotkeys.html)

* [HTML documentation](https://git-cola.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)

* [Git Cola documentation](docs/git-cola.rst)

* [Git DAG documentation](docs/git-dag.rst)

* [Contributing guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md)


# Requirements

## Build

* [Sphinx](http://sphinx-doc.org/) is used to generate the documentation.

## Runtime

* [Git](https://git-scm.com/) 2.2.0 or newer.

* [Python](https://python.org/) 3.6 or newer.

* [QtPy](https://github.com/spyder-ide/qtpy) 2.0.0 or newer.

Git Cola uses QtPy, so you can choose between PyQt6, PyQt5 and PySide2 by setting
the `QT_API` environment variable to `pyqt6`, `pyqt5` or `pyside2` as desired.
`qtpy` defaults to `pyqt5` and falls back to `pyqt6` and `pyside2` if `pyqt5`
is not installed.

Any of the following Python Qt libraries must be installed:

* [PyQt5 / PyQt6](https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/download5)
  5.9 or newer is required. Qt 6.2 or newer is also supported via QtPy.

* [PySide2](https://github.com/PySide/PySide)
  5.12.0 or newer.


## Optional Features

Git Cola enables additional features when the following
Python modules are installed.

[Send2Trash](https://pypi.org/project/Send2Trash)
enables cross-platform "Send to Trash" functionality.
([source](https://github.com/hsoft/send2trash))

[notify2](https://pypi.org/project/notify2)
enables delivery of desktop notifications.
([source](https://bitbucket.org/takluyver/pynotify2))

[pyobjc](https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc)
enables macOS-specific application themes on macOS.
([source](https://github.com/ronaldoussoren/pyobjc))


# Installation

There are several ways to install Git Cola but you do not need to "install" Git Cola
in order to run it.

Git Cola is designed to run directly from its source tree. Installation is optional.


## From Source

The recommended approach for running the latest Git Cola version is to install its
PyQt dependencies using your distribution's package manager and then run
`./bin/git-cola` directly from source.


## Installing PyQt dependencies on Debian / Ubuntu systems

Git Cola works with either PyQt5 or PyQt6 because it uses the
[qtpy](https://github.com/spyder-ide/qtpy) library for PyQt compatibility.

### PyQt5

Users on newer Debian/Ubuntu version can install a single package to run from source.

```bash
sudo apt install python3-qtpy
```

If you are on an older version that does not have `python3-qtpy` available then you can
install the following packages directly.

```bash
sudo apt install python3-pyqt5 python3-pyqt5.qtopengl python3-pyqt5.qtwebengine python3-pyqt5.qtsvg
```

### PyQt6

If you'd like to use Git Cola with the newer PyQt6 ecosystem then you can install these
packages instead of PyQt5.

```bash
sudo apt install python3-pyqt6 python3-pyqt6.qtsvg python3-pyqt6.qtwebengine
```

At this point you should be able to launch `./bin/git-cola` from the source tree and
there is nothing more to do.

The further instructions below detail how to install Git Cola from PyPI or how to
install it into a location separate from the source tree.


## Linux

Linux is it! Your distro has probably already packaged `git-cola`.
If not, please file a bug against your distribution ;-)

### Arch

Available in the [AUR](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/git-cola/).

### Debian, Ubuntu

    apt install git-cola

### Fedora

    dnf install git-cola

### Gentoo

    emerge git-cola

### OpenSUSE, SLE

    zypper install git-cola

### Slackware

Available in [SlackBuilds.org](http://slackbuilds.org/result/?search=git-cola).

### Ubuntu

[See here](https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=git-cola) for the
versions that are available in Ubuntu's repositories.

## FreeBSD

    # Install from official binary packages
    pkg install -r FreeBSD devel/git-cola

    # Build from source
    cd /usr/ports/devel/git-cola && make clean install

## Install into a Python Virtualenv from PyPI using pip

**IMPORTANT**: never run `pip install` or `garden install` outside of a
Python virtualenv or as root!

**IMPORTANT**: if you are on Linux distributions where PyQt6 or PyQt5 are available from
your package manager then it is highly recommended to install those dependencies using
your system's package manager. See the section above for details.

One way to install the latest released version is to use `venv` (virtualenv) and `pip`.
This installs [git-cola from pypi.org](https://pypi.org/project/git-cola/).

    python3 -m venv --system-site-packages env3
    ./env3/bin/pip install git-cola
    ./env3/bin/git-cola

Add the `env3/bin` directory to your `PATH` or symlink to `bin/git-cola` from
somewhere in your `PATH` such as `~/.local/bin/git-cola`, and you can launch
Git Cola like any other built-in `git` command:

    git cola
    git dag


## Install into a Python Virtualenv from Source

If you don't have PyQt installed then the easiest way to get it is to use a Python
virtualenv and install Git Cola into it in "editable" mode.

This install method lets you upgrade Git Cola by running `git pull`.

    # Create a virtualenv called "env3" and activate it.
    python3 -m venv --system-site-packages env3

    # Install PyQt and (optional) extra packages to enable all features.
    ./env3/bin/pip install --editable '.[extras,pyqt6]'

    # Run Git Cola via the "git-cola" Git subcommand.
    source env3/bin/activate
    git cola

If you add `env3/bin` (or symlink to `env3/bin/git-cola` ) somewhere in your `$PATH` then you can
run `git cola` as if it were a builtin `git` command from outside of the virtualenv
(e.g. after running "deactivate" or when opening a new shell).


## Standalone Installation from Source

Running `garden -D prefix=$HOME/.local install` will install Git Cola in your
`$HOME/.local` directory (`$HOME/.local/bin/git-cola`, `$HOME/.local/lib`, etc).

This installation method assumes that the `qtpy` and `PyQt*` dependencies have
been pre-installed.

The Garden recipe also supports `DESTDIR` to support creating packages for Linux package
managers:

    garden -D DESTDIR=/tmp/stage -D prefix=/usr/local install

If you do not have `garden` available then `make` can be used instead.
The `Makefile` supports staged installs using the conventional
[DESTDIR](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/DESTDIR.html) and
[prefix](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Directory-Variables.html)
variables.

    make DESTDIR=/tmp/stage prefix=/usr/local install


## macOS

For most end-users we recommend using either Homebrew or installing into
a Python virtualenv as described above.

You can install Git Cola from source using the same steps as above.

### Homebrew

An easy way to install Git Cola is to use [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/) .
Use Homebrew to install the git-cola recipe:

    brew install git-cola

If you install using Homebrew you can stop at this step.
You don't need to clone the repo or anything.

### git-cola.app

If you have all of the dependencies installed, either via `pip` or `brew` then
you can build a shell `git-cola.app` app bundle wrapper for use in `/Applications`.

If you'd like to build a `git-cola.app` bundle for `/Applications` run this command:

    garden macos/app

You will need to periodically rebuild the app wrapper whenever Python is upgraded.

### Updating macOS and Homebrew

Updating macOS can often break Homebrew-managed software.

If you update macOS and Git Cola stops working then then you probably need to re-install
Git Cola's dependencies.

Re-installing from scratch using the instructions below can get things back in shape.

    brew update

    brew uninstall git-cola
    brew uninstall pyqt
    brew uninstall pyqt@5
    brew autoremove

    brew install git-cola


## Windows

IMPORTANT If you have a 64-bit machine, install the 64-bit versions only.
Do not mix 32-bit and 64-bit versions.

Download and install the following:

* [Git for Windows](https://git-for-windows.github.io/)

* [Git Cola](https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/releases)

Once these are installed you can run Git Cola from the Start menu.

See "Windows (Continued)" below for more details.

If you'd like to install Git Cola with
[winget](https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli) run the following command:

    winget install git-cola.git-cola

As there is no dependency resolution yet you have to install Git as well with:

    winget install Git.Git

# Goodies

Git Cola ships with an interactive rebase editor called `git-cola-sequence-editor`.
`git-cola-sequence-editor` is used to reorder and choose commits when rebasing.
Start an interactive rebase through the "Rebase" menu, or through the
`git cola rebase` sub-command to use the `git-cola-sequence-editor`:

    git cola rebase @{upstream}

`git-cola-sequence-editor` can be launched independently of git cola by telling
`git rebase` to use it as its editor through the `GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR`
environment variable:

    export GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR="$HOME/git-cola/bin/git-cola-sequence-editor"
    git rebase -i @{upstream}

## Shell Completions

Shell completion scripts are available for bash and zsh.
Each script contains instructions on how to install and activate the completions.

* [bash completion script](contrib/git-cola-completion.bash)

* [zsh completion script](contrib/_git-cola)


# Git Cola Sub-commands

The `git-cola` command exposes various sub-commands that allow you to quickly
launch tools that are available from within the git-cola interface.
For example, `git cola find` launches the file finder,
and `git cola grep` launches the grep tool.

See `git cola --help-commands` for the full list of commands.

    $ git cola --help-commands
    usage: git-cola [-h]

                    {cola,am,archive,branch,browse,config,
                     dag,diff,fetch,find,grep,merge,pull,push,
                     rebase,remote,search,stash,tag,version}
                    ...

    valid commands:
      {cola,am,archive,branch,browse,config,
       dag,diff,fetch,find,grep,merge,pull,push,
       rebase,remote,search,stash,tag,version}

        cola                start git-cola
        am                  apply patches using "git am"
        archive             save an archive
        branch              create a branch
        browse              browse repository
        config              edit configuration
        dag                 start git-dag
        diff                view diffs
        fetch               fetch remotes
        find                find files
        grep                grep source
        merge               merge branches
        pull                pull remote branches
        push                push remote branches
        rebase              interactive rebase
        remote              edit remotes
        search              search commits
        stash               stash and unstash changes
        tag                 create tags
        version             print the version

## Development

[![Good First Issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/git-cola/git-cola/good%20first%20issue?style=flat&logo=github&logoColor=green&label=Good%20First%20issues)](https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22)
[![Help Wanted Issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/git-cola/git-cola/help%20wanted?style=flat&logo=github&logoColor=b545d1&label=%22Help%20Wanted%22%20issues)](https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
[![Help Wanted PRs](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr/git-cola/git-cola/help%20wanted?style=flat&logo=github&logoColor=b545d1&label=%22Help%20Wanted%22%20PRs)](https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/pulls?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22)
[![Open Issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/git-cola/git-cola?style=flat&logo=github&logoColor=red&label=Issues)](https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/issues?q=is%3Aopen)

If you already have Git Cola's dependencies installed then you can
start `cola` as a Python module if you have the source code available.

    python -m cola
    python -m cola dag


The following commands should be run during development:

    # Run the unit tests
    $ garden test

    # Run tests and doc checks
    $ garden check

    # Run tests against multiple python interpreters using tox
    $ garden tox

The test suite can be found in the [test](test) directory.

Commits and pull requests are automatically tested for code quality
using [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/git-cola/git-cola/actions/workflows/main.yml).

Auto-format `cola/i18n/*.po` files before committing when updating translations:

    $ garden po

When submitting patches, consult the
[contributing guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md).


## Packaging Notes

Git Cola installs its modules into the default Python site-packages directory
(e.g. `lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages`) using setuptools.

While end-users can use `pip install git-cola` to install Git Cola, distribution
packagers should use the `garden -D prefix=/usr install` process. Git Cola's Garden
recipe wraps `pip install --prefix=<prefix>` to provide a packaging-friendly
`garden install` target.


# Windows (Continued)

## Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable

Earlier versions of Git Cola may have shipped without `vcruntime140.dll`  and may
not run on machines that are missing this DLL.

To fix this, download the
[Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52685)
and install it

Git Cola v4.0.0 and newer include this DLL and do not require this to be installed
separately.

## Development

In order to develop Git Cola on Windows you will need to install
Python3 and pip.  Install PyQt5 using `pip install PyQt5`
to make the PyQt5 bindings available to Python.

Once these are installed you can use `python.exe` to run
directly from the source tree.  For example, from a Git Bash terminal:

    /c/Python39/python.exe ./bin/git-cola

## Multiple Python versions

If you have multiple versions of Python installed, the `contrib/win32/cola`
launcher script might choose the newer version instead of the python
that has PyQt installed.  In order to resolve this, you can set the
`cola.pythonlocation` git configuration variable to tell cola where to
find python.  For example:

    git config --global cola.pythonlocation /c/Python39

## Building Windows Installers

Windows installers are built using

* [Pynsist](https://pynsist.readthedocs.io/en/latest/).

* [NSIS](http://nsis.sourceforge.net/Main_Page) is also needed.

To build the installer using Pynsist run:

    garden pynsist -vv

This will generate an installer in `build/nsis/`.

## Windows "History Browser" Configuration Upgrade

You may need to configure your history browser if you are upgrading from an
older version of Git Cola on Windows.

`gitk` was originally the default history browser, but `gitk` cannot be
launched as-is on Windows because `gitk` is a shell script.

If you are configured to use `gitk`, then change your configuration to
go through Git's `sh.exe` on Windows.  Similarly, we must go through
`python.exe` if we want to use `git-dag`.

If you want to use gitk as your history browser open the
Preferences screen and change the history browser command to:

    "C:/Program Files/Git/bin/sh.exe" --login -i C:/Git/bin/gitk

`git-dag` became the default history browser on Windows in `v2.3`, so new
users do not need to configure anything.