hishel 1.1.9
Elegant HTTP Caching for Python
Requires Python: >=3.10


<p align="center">
  <img alt="Hishel Logo" width="350" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/master/docs/static/Shelkopryad_350x250_yellow.png#gh-dark-mode-only">
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</p>

<h1 align="center">Hishel</h1>

<p align="center">
  <strong>Elegant HTTP Caching for Python</strong>
</p>

<p align="center">
  <a href="https://pypi.org/project/hishel">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/hishel.svg" alt="PyPI version">
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    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/hishel.svg" alt="Python versions">
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---

**Hishel** (հիշել, *to remember* in Armenian) is a modern HTTP caching library for Python that implements [RFC 9111](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9111.html) specifications. It provides seamless caching integration for popular HTTP clients with minimal code changes.

## ✨ Features

- 🎯 **RFC 9111 Compliant** - Fully compliant with the latest HTTP caching specification
- 🔌 **Easy Integration** - Drop-in support for HTTPX, Requests, ASGI, FastAPI, and BlackSheep
- 💾 **Flexible Storage** - SQLite backend with more coming soon
- ⚡ **High Performance** - Efficient caching with minimal overhead
- 🔄 **Async & Sync** - Full support for both synchronous and asynchronous workflows
- 🎨 **Type Safe** - Fully typed with comprehensive type hints
- 🧪 **Well Tested** - Extensive test coverage and battle-tested
- 🎛️ **Configurable** - Fine-grained control over caching behavior with flexible policies
- 💨 **Memory Efficient** - Streaming support prevents loading large payloads into memory
- 🌐 **Universal** - Works with any ASGI application (Starlette, Litestar, BlackSheep, etc.)
- 🎯 **GraphQL Support** - Cache GraphQL queries with body-sensitive content caching

## 📦 Installation

```bash
pip install hishel
```

### Optional Dependencies

Install with specific integration support:

```bash
pip install hishel[httpx]      # For HTTPX support
pip install hishel[requests]   # For Requests support
pip install hishel[fastapi]    # For FastAPI support (includes ASGI)
```

Or install multiple:

```bash
pip install hishel[httpx,requests,fastapi]
```

> [!NOTE]
> ASGI middleware has no extra dependencies - it's included in the base installation.
 
## 🚀 Quick Start

### With HTTPX

**Synchronous:**

```python
from hishel.httpx import SyncCacheClient

client = SyncCacheClient()

# First request - fetches from origin
response = client.get("https://api.example.com/data")
print(response.extensions["hishel_from_cache"])  # False

# Second request - served from cache
response = client.get("https://api.example.com/data")
print(response.extensions["hishel_from_cache"])  # True
```

**Asynchronous:**

```python
from hishel.httpx import AsyncCacheClient

async with AsyncCacheClient() as client:
    # First request - fetches from origin
    response = await client.get("https://api.example.com/data")
    print(response.extensions["hishel_from_cache"])  # False
    
    # Second request - served from cache
    response = await client.get("https://api.example.com/data")
    print(response.extensions["hishel_from_cache"])  # True
```

### With Requests

```python
import requests
from hishel.requests import CacheAdapter

session = requests.Session()
session.mount("https://", CacheAdapter())
session.mount("http://", CacheAdapter())

# First request - fetches from origin
response = session.get("https://api.example.com/data")

# Second request - served from cache
response = session.get("https://api.example.com/data")
print(response.headers.get("X-Hishel-From-Cache"))  # "True"
```

### With ASGI Applications

Add caching middleware to any ASGI application:

```python
from hishel.asgi import ASGICacheMiddleware

# Wrap your ASGI app
app = ASGICacheMiddleware(app)

# Or configure with options
from hishel import AsyncSqliteStorage, CacheOptions, SpecificationPolicy

app = ASGICacheMiddleware(
    app,
    storage=AsyncSqliteStorage(),
    policy=SpecificationPolicy(
      cache_options=CacheOptions(shared=True)
    ),
)
```

### With FastAPI

Add Cache-Control headers using the `cache()` dependency:

```python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from hishel.fastapi import cache

app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/api/data", dependencies=[cache(max_age=300, public=True)])
async def get_data():
    # Cache-Control: public, max-age=300
    return {"data": "cached for 5 minutes"}
  
# Optionally wrap with ASGI middleware for local caching according to specified rules
from hishel.asgi import ASGICacheMiddleware
from hishel import AsyncSqliteStorage

app = ASGICacheMiddleware(app, storage=AsyncSqliteStorage())
```

### With BlackSheep

Use BlackSheep's native `cache_control` decorator with Hishel's ASGI middleware:

```python
from blacksheep import Application, get
from blacksheep.server.headers.cache import cache_control

app = Application()

@get("/api/data")
@cache_control(max_age=300, public=True)
async def get_data():
    # Cache-Control: public, max-age=300
    return {"data": "cached for 5 minutes"}
```

## 🎛️ Advanced Configuration

### Caching Policies

Hishel supports two types of caching policies:

**SpecificationPolicy** - RFC 9111 compliant HTTP caching (default):

```python
from hishel import CacheOptions, SpecificationPolicy
from hishel.httpx import SyncCacheClient

client = SyncCacheClient(
    policy=SpecificationPolicy(
        cache_options=CacheOptions(
            shared=False,                              # Use as private cache (browser-like)
            supported_methods=["GET", "HEAD", "POST"], # Cache GET, HEAD, and POST
            allow_stale=True                           # Allow serving stale responses
        )
    )
)
```

**FilterPolicy** - Custom filtering logic for fine-grained control:

```python
from hishel import FilterPolicy, BaseFilter, Request
from hishel.httpx import AsyncCacheClient

class CacheOnlyAPIRequests(BaseFilter[Request]):
    def needs_body(self) -> bool:
        return False
    
    def apply(self, item: Request, body: bytes | None) -> bool:
        return "/api/" in str(item.url)

client = AsyncCacheClient(
    policy=FilterPolicy(
        request_filters=[CacheOnlyAPIRequests()]
    )
)
```

[Learn more about policies →](https://hishel.com/dev/policies/)

### Custom Storage Backend

```python
from hishel import SyncSqliteStorage
from hishel.httpx import SyncCacheClient

storage = SyncSqliteStorage(
    database_path="my_cache.db",
    default_ttl=7200.0,           # Cache entries expire after 2 hours
    refresh_ttl_on_access=True    # Reset TTL when accessing cached entries
)

client = SyncCacheClient(storage=storage)
```

### GraphQL and Body-Sensitive Caching

Cache GraphQL queries and other POST requests by including the request body in the cache key.

**Using per-request header:**

```python
from hishel import FilterPolicy
from hishel.httpx import SyncCacheClient

client = SyncCacheClient(
    policy=FilterPolicy()
)

# Cache GraphQL queries - different queries get different cache entries
graphql_query = """
    query GetUser($id: ID!) {
        user(id: $id) {
            name
            email
        }
    }
"""

response = client.post(
    "https://api.example.com/graphql",
    json={"query": graphql_query, "variables": {"id": "123"}},
    headers={"X-Hishel-Body-Key": "true"}  # Enable body-based caching
)

# Different query will be cached separately
response = client.post(
    "https://api.example.com/graphql",
    json={"query": graphql_query, "variables": {"id": "456"}},
    headers={"X-Hishel-Body-Key": "true"}
)
```

**Using global configuration:**

```python
from hishel.httpx import SyncCacheClient
from hishel import FilterPolicy

# Enable body-based caching for all requests
client = SyncCacheClient(policy=FilterPolicy(use_body_key=True))

# All POST requests automatically include body in cache key
response = client.post(
    "https://api.example.com/graphql",
    json={"query": graphql_query, "variables": {"id": "123"}}
)
```

## 🏗️ Architecture

Hishel uses a **sans-I/O state machine** architecture that separates HTTP caching logic from I/O operations:

- ✅ **Correct** - Fully RFC 9111 compliant
- ✅ **Testable** - Easy to test without network dependencies
- ✅ **Flexible** - Works with any HTTP client or server
- ✅ **Type Safe** - Clear state transitions with full type hints

## 🔮 Roadmap

We're actively working on:

- 🎯 Performance optimizations
- 🎯 More integrations
- 🎯 Partial responses support

## 📚 Documentation

Comprehensive documentation is available at [https://hishel.com/dev](https://hishel.com/dev)

- [Getting Started](https://hishel.com)
- [HTTPX Integration](https://hishel.com/dev/integrations/httpx)
- [Requests Integration](https://hishel.com/dev/integrations/requests)
- [ASGI Integration](https://hishel.com/dev/asgi)
- [FastAPI Integration](https://hishel.com/dev/fastapi)
- [BlackSheep Integration](https://hishel.com/dev/integrations/blacksheep)
- [GraphQL Integration](https://hishel.com/dev/integrations/graphql)
- [Storage Backends](https://hishel.com/dev/storages)
- [Request/Response Metadata](https://hishel.com/dev/metadata)
- [RFC 9111 Specification](https://hishel.com/dev/specification)

## 🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request. For major changes, please open an issue first to discuss what you would like to change.

See our [Contributing Guide](https://hishel.com/dev/contributing) for more details.

## 📄 License

This project is licensed under the BSD-3-Clause License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.

## 💖 Support

If you find Hishel useful, please consider:

- ⭐ Starring the repository
- 🐛 Reporting bugs and issues
- 💡 Suggesting new features
- 📖 Improving documentation
- ☕ [Buying me a coffee](https://buymeacoffee.com/karpetrosyan)

## 🙏 Acknowledgments

Hishel is inspired by and builds upon the excellent work in the Python HTTP ecosystem, particularly:

- [HTTPX](https://github.com/encode/httpx) - A next-generation HTTP client for Python
- [Requests](https://github.com/psf/requests) - The classic HTTP library for Python
- [RFC 9111](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9111.html) - HTTP Caching specification

---

<p align="center">
  <strong>Made with ❤️ by <a href="https://github.com/karpetrosyan">Kar Petrosyan</a></strong>
</p>

## What's Changed in 1.1.9
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* chore: drop python 3.9 support by @CharString in [#418](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/418)
### 📦 Dependencies

* chore(deps-dev): bump the python-packages group across 1 directory with 5 updates by @dependabot[bot] in [#440](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/440)

### Contributors
* @CharString
* @dependabot[bot]

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.8...1.1.9

## What's Changed in 1.1.8
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* chore(ci): remove redis action by @karpetrosyan in [#428](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/428)
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* fix: prevent race conditions by @karpetrosyan in [#436](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/436)

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.7...1.1.8

## What's Changed in 1.1.7
### ♻️ Refactoring

* refactor(storage): create sqlite database path only when creating connections by @jeefberkey in [#426](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/426)
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* chore(deps-dev): bump the python-packages group with 5 updates by @dependabot[bot] in [#424](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/424)
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* fix(cache): Lambda parameter name clashes the loop variable being closed over by @dump247 in [#427](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/427)
### 📚 Documentation

* add release process guidelines for maintainers by @karpetrosyan
### 🚀 Features

* Feature/accept pathlib path in SqliteStorage by @daudef in [#419](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/419)

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan
* @daudef
* @dependabot[bot]
* @jeefberkey
* @dump247

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.6...1.1.7

## What's Changed in 1.1.6
### 📚 Documentation

* remove some stale httpx configs by @karpetrosyan
### 🚀 Features

* Add support for request no-cache directive by @karpetrosyan in [#416](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/416)

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.5...1.1.6

## What's Changed in 1.1.5
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* filter out soft-deleted, expired and incomplete entries in `get_entries` by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.4...1.1.5

## What's Changed in 1.1.4
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* don't raise an error on consumed streams that were read into memory by @karpetrosyan
* close sqlite connections properly by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.3...1.1.4

## What's Changed in 1.1.3
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* improve git-cliff docs by @karpetrosyan
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* fix: add BaseFilter to __all__ exports by @martinblech in [#408](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/408)
* fix: set `after_revalidation=True` for `NeedsToBeUpdated` -> `FromCache` transition by @jlopex in [#402](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/402)

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan
* @martinblech
* @jlopex

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.2...1.1.3

## What's Changed in 1.1.2
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* respect shared option when excluding unstorable headers by @karpetrosyan
* remove s-maxage consideration for private caches by @karpetrosyan
* ensure 304 responses don't leak by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan
* @jlopex

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.1...1.1.2

## What's Changed in 1.1.1
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* chore(deps-dev): bump the python-packages group with 10 updates by @dependabot[bot] in [#396](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/396)
### 📦 Dependencies

* chore(deps): bump astral-sh/setup-uv from 5 to 7 by @dependabot[bot] in [#393](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/393)
* chore(deps): bump actions/download-artifact from 4 to 6 by @dependabot[bot] in [#394](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/394)
* chore(deps): bump actions/upload-artifact from 4 to 5 by @dependabot[bot] in [#395](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/395)

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan
* @dependabot[bot]

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.1.0...1.1.1

## What's Changed in 1.1.0
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* add in memory example by @karpetrosyan
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* pass any response with non-expected status code on revalidation to client by @karpetrosyan
* pass any response with non-expected status code on revalidation to client by @karpetrosyan
### 🚀 Features

* allow setting storage base with via `database_path` for sqlite storage by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.0.0...1.1.0

## What's Changed in 1.0.0
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* add examples, improve docs by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.0.0b1...1.0.0

## What's Changed in 1.0.0b1
### ♻️ Refactoring

* add policies by @karpetrosyan
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* add graphql docs by @karpetrosyan
* improve sans-io diagram colors by @karpetrosyan
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* filter out `Transfer-Encoding` header for asgi responses by @karpetrosyan
* body-sensitive responses caching by @karpetrosyan
### 🚀 Features

* add global `use_body_key` setting by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.0.0.dev3...1.0.0b1

## What's Changed in 1.0.0.dev3
### ♻️ Refactoring

* automatically generate httpx sync integration from async by @karpetrosyan
* replace pairs with entries, simplify storage API by @karpetrosyan
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* more robust compressed response caching by @karpetrosyan
* add custom integrations docs by @karpetrosyan
* simplify metadata docs by @karpetrosyan
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* add date header for proper age calculation by @karpetrosyan
* handle httpx iterable usage instead of iterator correctly by @karpetrosyan
* fix compressed data caching for requests by @karpetrosyan
* raise on consumed httpx streams, which we can't store as is (it's already decoded) by @karpetrosyan
* add missing permissions into `publish.yml` by @karpetrosyan
### 🚀 Features

* add logging for asgi by @karpetrosyan
* add blacksheep integration examples by @karpetrosyan
* add integrations with fastapi and asgi by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.0.0.dev2...1.0.0.dev3

## What's Changed in 1.0.0.dev2
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* fix time travel date, explicitly specify the timezone by @karpetrosyan
* add import without extras check in ci by @karpetrosyan
* remove redundant utils and tests by @karpetrosyan
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* don't raise an error on 3xx during revalidation by @karpetrosyan
* fix check for storing auth requests by @karpetrosyan
### 🚀 Features

* add hishel_created_at response metadata by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.0.0.dev1...1.0.0.dev2

## What's Changed in 1.0.0.dev1
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* remove some redundant utils methods by @karpetrosyan
### 📦 Dependencies

* improve git-cliff by @karpetrosyan
* install async extra with httpx by @karpetrosyan
* make `anysqlite` optional dependency by @karpetrosyan
* make httpx and async libs optional dependencies by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/1.0.0.dev0...1.0.0.dev1

## What's Changed in 1.0.0.dev0
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* improve docs versioning, deploy dev doc on ci by @karpetrosyan
* use mike powered versioning by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/0.1.5...1.0.0.dev0

## What's Changed in 0.1.5
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* remove some redundant files from repo by @karpetrosyan
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* fix some line breaks by @karpetrosyan
### 🚀 Features

* increase requests buffer size to 128KB, disable charset detection by @karpetrosyan
* feat: add close method to storages API by @karpetrosyan in [#384](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/384)
* better cache-control parsing by @karpetrosyan
* set chunk size to 128KB for httpx to reduce SQLite read/writes by @karpetrosyan

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/0.1.4...0.1.5

## What's Changed in 0.1.4
### ⚙️ Miscellaneous Tasks

* move some tests to beta by @karpetrosyan
* add sqlite tests for new storage by @karpetrosyan
* temporary remove python3.14 from CI by @karpetrosyan
* chore(internal): remove src folder by @karpetrosyan in [#373](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/373)
* chore: improve CI by @karpetrosyan in [#369](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/369)
### 🐛 Bug Fixes

* fix beta imports by @karpetrosyan
* create an sqlite file in a cache folder by @karpetrosyan
### 🚀 Features

* better async implemetation for sqlite storage by @karpetrosyan
* get rid of some locks from sqlite storage by @karpetrosyan
* add sqlite storage for beta storages by @karpetrosyan
* feat: allow already consumed streams with `CacheTransport` by @jamesbraza in [#377](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/377)
* feat: add support for a sans-IO API by @karpetrosyan in [#366](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/pull/366)

### Contributors
* @karpetrosyan
* @jamesbraza
* @GugNersesyan
* @dependabot[bot]
* @mmdbalkhi
* @AstraLuma
* @deathaxe

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel/compare/0.1.3...0.1.4