pydantic-ai-backend 0.1.10
File storage and sandbox backends for AI agents
Requires Python: >=3.10

<h1 align="center">File Storage & Sandbox Backends for Pydantic AI</h1>

<p align="center">
  <em>Console Toolset, Docker Sandbox, and Permission System for AI Agents</em>
</p>

<p align="center">
  <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pydantic-ai-backend/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pydantic-ai-backend.svg" alt="PyPI version"></a>
  <a href="https://www.python.org/downloads/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.10+-blue.svg" alt="Python 3.10+"></a>
  <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg" alt="License: MIT"></a>
  <a href="https://github.com/vstorm-co/pydantic-ai-backend/actions/workflows/ci.yml"><img src="https://github.com/vstorm-co/pydantic-ai-backend/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg" alt="CI"></a>
  <a href="https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-ai"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Powered%20by-Pydantic%20AI-E92063?logo=pydantic&logoColor=white" alt="Pydantic AI"></a>
</p>

<p align="center">
  <b>Console Toolset</b> — ls, read, write, edit, grep, execute
  &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;
  <b>Docker Sandbox</b> — isolated code execution
  &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;
  <b>Permission System</b> — fine-grained access control
</p>

---

**File Storage & Sandbox Backends** provides everything your [Pydantic AI](https://ai.pydantic.dev/) agent needs to work with files and execute code safely. Choose from in-memory, local filesystem, or Docker-isolated backends.

> **Full framework?** Check out [Pydantic Deep Agents](https://github.com/vstorm-co/pydantic-deepagents) — complete agent framework with planning, filesystem, subagents, and skills.

## Use Cases

| What You Want to Build | How This Library Helps |
|------------------------|------------------------|
| **AI Coding Assistant** | Console toolset with file ops + code execution |
| **Multi-User Web App** | Docker sandboxes with session isolation |
| **Code Review Bot** | Read-only backend with grep/glob search |
| **Secure Execution** | Permission system blocks dangerous operations |
| **Testing/CI** | In-memory StateBackend for fast, isolated tests |

## Installation

```bash
pip install pydantic-ai-backend
```

Or with uv:

```bash
uv add pydantic-ai-backend
```

Optional extras:

```bash
# Console toolset (requires pydantic-ai)
pip install pydantic-ai-backend[console]

# Docker sandbox support
pip install pydantic-ai-backend[docker]

# Everything
pip install pydantic-ai-backend[console,docker]
```

## Quick Start

```python
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pydantic_ai import Agent
from pydantic_ai_backends import LocalBackend, create_console_toolset

@dataclass
class Deps:
    backend: LocalBackend

agent = Agent(
    "openai:gpt-4o",
    deps_type=Deps,
    toolsets=[create_console_toolset()],
)

backend = LocalBackend(root_dir="./workspace")
result = agent.run_sync(
    "Create a Python script that calculates fibonacci and run it",
    deps=Deps(backend=backend),
)
print(result.output)
```

**That's it.** Your agent can now:

- List files and directories (`ls`)
- Read and write files (`read_file`, `write_file`)
- Edit files with string replacement (`edit_file`)
- Search with glob patterns and regex (`glob`, `grep`)
- Execute shell commands (`execute`)

## Available Backends

| Backend | Storage | Execution | Use Case |
|---------|---------|-----------|----------|
| `StateBackend` | In-memory | No | Testing, ephemeral sessions |
| `LocalBackend` | Filesystem | Yes | Local development, CLI tools |
| `DockerSandbox` | Container | Yes | Multi-user, untrusted code |
| `CompositeBackend` | Routed | Varies | Complex multi-source setups |

### In-Memory (StateBackend)

```python
from pydantic_ai_backends import StateBackend

backend = StateBackend()
# Files stored in memory, perfect for tests
```

### Local Filesystem (LocalBackend)

```python
from pydantic_ai_backends import LocalBackend

backend = LocalBackend(
    root_dir="/workspace",
    allowed_directories=["/workspace", "/shared"],
    enable_execute=True,
)
```

### Docker Sandbox (DockerSandbox)

```python
from pydantic_ai_backends import DockerSandbox

sandbox = DockerSandbox(runtime="python-datascience")
sandbox.start()
# Fully isolated container environment
sandbox.stop()
```

## Console Toolset

Ready-to-use tools for pydantic-ai agents:

```python
from pydantic_ai_backends import create_console_toolset

# All tools enabled
toolset = create_console_toolset()

# Without shell execution
toolset = create_console_toolset(include_execute=False)

# With approval requirements
toolset = create_console_toolset(
    require_write_approval=True,
    require_execute_approval=True,
)
```

**Available tools:** `ls`, `read_file`, `write_file`, `edit_file`, `glob`, `grep`, `execute`

### Image Support

For multimodal models, enable image file handling:

```python
toolset = create_console_toolset(image_support=True)

# Now read_file on .png/.jpg/.gif/.webp returns BinaryContent
# that multimodal models (GPT-4o, Claude, etc.) can see directly
```

## Permission System

Fine-grained access control:

```python
from pydantic_ai_backends import LocalBackend
from pydantic_ai_backends.permissions import DEFAULT_RULESET, READONLY_RULESET

# Safe defaults (allow reads, ask for writes)
backend = LocalBackend(root_dir="/workspace", permissions=DEFAULT_RULESET)

# Read-only mode
backend = LocalBackend(root_dir="/workspace", permissions=READONLY_RULESET)
```

| Preset | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `DEFAULT_RULESET` | Allow reads (except secrets), ask for writes/executes |
| `PERMISSIVE_RULESET` | Allow most operations, deny dangerous commands |
| `READONLY_RULESET` | Allow reads only, deny all writes and executes |
| `STRICT_RULESET` | Everything requires approval |

## Docker Runtimes

Pre-configured environments:

| Runtime | Base Image | Packages |
|---------|------------|----------|
| `python-minimal` | python:3.12-slim | (none) |
| `python-datascience` | python:3.12-slim | pandas, numpy, matplotlib, scikit-learn |
| `python-web` | python:3.12-slim | fastapi, uvicorn, sqlalchemy, httpx |
| `node-minimal` | node:20-slim | (none) |
| `node-react` | node:20-slim | typescript, vite, react |

Custom runtime:

```python
from pydantic_ai_backends import DockerSandbox, RuntimeConfig

runtime = RuntimeConfig(
    name="ml-env",
    base_image="python:3.12-slim",
    packages=["torch", "transformers"],
)
sandbox = DockerSandbox(runtime=runtime)
```

## Session Manager

Multi-user web applications:

```python
from pydantic_ai_backends import SessionManager

manager = SessionManager(
    default_runtime="python-datascience",
    workspace_root="/app/workspaces",
)

# Each user gets isolated sandbox
sandbox = await manager.get_or_create("user-123")
```

## Why Choose This Library?

| Feature | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| **Multiple Backends** | In-memory, filesystem, Docker — same interface |
| **Console Toolset** | Ready-to-use tools for pydantic-ai agents |
| **Permission System** | Pattern-based access control with presets |
| **Docker Isolation** | Safe execution of untrusted code |
| **Session Management** | Multi-user support with workspace persistence |
| **Image Support** | Multimodal models can see images via BinaryContent |
| **Pre-built Runtimes** | Python and Node.js environments ready to go |

## Related Projects

| Package | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| [Pydantic Deep Agents](https://github.com/vstorm-co/pydantic-deepagents) | Full agent framework (uses this library) |
| [pydantic-ai-todo](https://github.com/vstorm-co/pydantic-ai-todo) | Task planning toolset |
| [subagents-pydantic-ai](https://github.com/vstorm-co/subagents-pydantic-ai) | Multi-agent orchestration |
| [summarization-pydantic-ai](https://github.com/vstorm-co/summarization-pydantic-ai) | Context management |
| [pydantic-ai](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-ai) | The foundation — agent framework by Pydantic |

## Contributing

```bash
git clone https://github.com/vstorm-co/pydantic-ai-backend.git
cd pydantic-ai-backend
make install
make test  # 100% coverage required
```

## License

MIT — see [LICENSE](LICENSE)

<p align="center">
  <sub>Built with ❤️ by <a href="https://github.com/vstorm-co">vstorm-co</a></sub>
</p>