EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1625941
Filing Year: 2022
Filename: 1625941_10-K_2022_0001558370-22-003163.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
The Company
Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. is a Maryland corporation formed on August 12, 2014. As used herein, the terms “Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust,” “AIREIT,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where otherwise indicated.
We were formed to make equity and debt investments in income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers throughout the U.S. Although we will continue to focus our investment activities primarily on distribution warehouses and other industrial properties, our charter and bylaws do not preclude us from investing in other types of commercial property, real estate debt, or real estate related equity securities.
We have operated and elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017, and we intend to continue to operate in accordance with the requirements for qualification as a REIT. We utilize an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust (“UPREIT”) organizational structure to hold all or substantially all of our assets through our operating partnership, AIREIT Operating Partnership LP (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership of which we are the sole general partner and a limited partner.
We intend to conduct a continuous offering that will not have a predetermined duration, subject to continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws. In order to execute this strategy in compliance with federal securities laws, we intend to file new registration statements to replace existing registration statements, such that there will not be any lag from one offering to the next. On August 4, 2021, the SEC declared our registration statement on Form S-11 with respect to our third public offering of up to $5.0 billion of shares of our common stock effective, and the third public offering commenced the same day. Our second public offering of up to $2.0 billion of shares of common stock was terminated immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration statement for the third public offering. Under the third public offering, we are offering up to $3.75 billion of shares of our common stock in the primary offering and up to $1.25 billion of shares of our common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, in any combination of Class T shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. We may reallocate amounts between the primary offering and distribution reinvestment plan.
Pursuant to our public offering, we offered and continue to offer shares of our common stock at the “transaction price,” plus applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The “transaction price” generally is equal to the net asset value (“NAV”) per share of our common stock most recently disclosed. Our NAV per share is calculated as of the last calendar day of each month for each of our outstanding classes of common stock, and is available generally within 15 calendar days after the end of the applicable month. Shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are offered at the transaction price, as indicated above, in effect on the distribution date. We may update a previously disclosed transaction price in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share relative to the most recently disclosed monthly NAV per share. See Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities-Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share” for further detail.
Additionally, we have a program to raise capital through private placement offerings by selling beneficial interests in specific Delaware statutory trusts holding real properties (the “DST Program”). These private placement offerings are exempt from registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. We anticipate that these interests may serve as replacement properties for investors seeking to complete like-kind exchange transactions under Section 1031 of the Code. We expect that the DST Program will give us the opportunity to expand and diversify our capital raise strategies by offering what we believe to be an attractive and unique investment product for investors that may be seeking replacement properties to complete like-kind exchange transactions. We also make loans (“DST Program Loans”) to finance no more than 50% of the purchase price of the DST Interests to certain purchasers of the interests in the Delaware statutory trusts payable upon their acquisition of such interests. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we sold $492.2 million of gross interests related to the DST Program, $68.8 million of which were financed by DST Program Loans.
As of December 31, 2021, we had raised gross proceeds of approximately $2.7 billion from the sale of 259.8 million shares of our common stock, including shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information concerning our public offerings.
As of December 31, 2021, we directly owned and managed a real estate portfolio that included 193 industrial buildings totaling 37.6 million square feet located in 28 markets throughout the U.S., with 348 customers, and was 96.6% occupied (97.6% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.4 years. The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced. As of December 31, 2021, our real estate portfolio included:
● 183 industrial buildings totaling approximately 36.1 million square feet comprised our operating portfolio, which includes stabilized properties, and was 98.3% occupied (98.3% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.4 years; and
● 10 industrial buildings totaling approximately 1.5 million square feet comprised our value-add portfolio, which includes buildings acquired with the intention to reposition or redevelop, or buildings recently completed which have not yet reached stabilization. We generally consider a building to be stabilized on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary of a building’s shell completion or a building achieving 90% occupancy.
On July 15, 2020, we acquired minority ownership interests in two joint venture partnerships, which include Build-to-Core Industrial Partnership I LP (the “BTC I Partnership”) and Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership II LP (the “BTC II Partnership” and, together with the BTC I Partnership, the “BTC Partnership”), with third party investors, for $301.0 million in cash paid at closing, exclusive of due diligence expenses and other closing costs. As of the date of acquisition, the joint venture partnerships’ aggregate real estate portfolios consisted of 64 acquired or completed buildings and 18 buildings under construction or in the pre-construction phase.
On June 15, 2021, we, along with our joint venture partners, entered into a transaction (the “BTC I Partnership Transaction”) to split the portfolio of the BTC I Partnership (the “BTC I Portfolio”), which, prior to the transaction, consisted of 44 buildings totaling approximately 12.1 million square feet. As a result of the BTC I Partnership Transaction (described further in “Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements”), we own a 100% interest in 22 buildings that were previously part of the BTC I Portfolio, totaling approximately 5.4 million square feet with a total cost of $876.7 million, which includes the cost of our minority joint venture interest in the BTC I Partnership and our incremental additional investment of approximately $580 million, exclusive of transaction costs, to effect the split of the BTC I Portfolio.
As of December 31, 2021, we owned and managed 29 buildings totaling approximately 6.9 million square feet and six buildings either under construction or in the pre-construction phase totaling approximately 1.8 million square feet (the “BTC II Portfolio”), through our 12.0% minority ownership interest in the BTC II Partnership (as described in “Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements”). Unless otherwise noted, these buildings are excluded from the presentation of our portfolio data herein. See “Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding transactions effected subsequent to December 31, 2021 with respect to the BTC II Partnership.
See Item 2, “Properties,” for further details on our real estate portfolio. See “Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for detail regarding our acquisition activity for the year ended December 31, 2021.
We rely on the Advisor, a related party, to manage our day-to-day operating and acquisition activities and to implement our investment strategy pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement (2022), dated February 11, 2022 (the “Advisory Agreement”), by and among us, the Operating Partnership, and the Advisor. The current term of the Advisory Agreement ends May 1, 2022, subject to renewal by our board of directors for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods. The Advisor performs its duties and responsibilities under the Advisory Agreement as a fiduciary of us and our stockholders. The Advisor may, but is not required to, establish working capital reserves from proceeds from our public offerings, from cash flow generated by operating assets or from proceeds from the sale of assets. Working capital reserves are typically utilized to fund tenant improvements, leasing commissions, and major capital expenditures. Our lenders also may require working capital reserves.
Investment Objectives
Our primary investment objectives include the following:
● preserving and protecting our stockholders’ capital contributions;
● providing current income to our stockholders in the form of regular distributions; and
● realizing capital appreciation in our NAV from active investment management and asset management.
There is no assurance that we will attain our investment objectives. Our charter places numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds. In most cases these limitations cannot be changed unless our charter is amended, which may require the approval of our stockholders.
Investment Strategy
We have and will continue to focus our investment activities on and use the proceeds raised in the offerings principally for building a national industrial warehouse operating company. Our investment activities include the acquisition, development and/or financing of income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers. Creditworthiness does not necessarily mean investment grade and the majority of our customers do not have a public credit rating. Furthermore, it is anticipated that much of our portfolio will be leased to non-investment grade customers going forward. We evaluate creditworthiness and financial strength of prospective customers based on financial, operating and business plan information that is provided to us by such prospective customers, as well as other market and economic information that is generally publicly available.
The number and type of properties we may acquire or develop will depend upon real estate market conditions and other circumstances existing at the time we make our investments. Although we intend to continue to focus our investment activities primarily on distribution warehouses and other industrial properties, our charter and bylaws do not preclude us from investing in other types of commercial property or real estate-related debt. However, we will not invest more than 25% of net proceeds we receive from the sale of shares of our common stock in the offerings in other types of commercial property or real estate-related debt. As of December 31, 2021, our portfolio was comprised entirely of industrial properties. See Item 2, “Properties,” for further detail.
Our investment in any distribution warehouse, other industrial property, or other property type will be based upon the best interests of our company and our stockholders as determined by the Advisor and our board of directors. Real estate assets in which we may invest may be acquired or developed either directly by us or through joint venture partnerships or other co-ownership arrangements with affiliated or unaffiliated third parties, and may include: equity investments in commercial properties; mortgage, mezzanine, construction, bridge, and other loans related to real estate; and investments in other real estate-related entities, including REITs, private real estate funds, real estate management companies, real estate development companies, and debt funds, both foreign and domestic. Subject to the 25% limitation described above, we may invest in any of these asset classes, including those that may present greater risk than industrial properties. The BTC II Partnership invests in an industrial real estate portfolio comprised of approximately (i) 30.0% development investments, and (ii) 70.0% core and value-add investments (based on purchase price), as of December 31, 2021.
Business Strategy
We seek to provide income in the form of regular distributions to our stockholders by generating sustained internal growth in rental income. The keys to long-term rental income growth are maintaining a stabilized occupancy rate (generally above 90%) through active leasing efforts, negotiating contractual rent increases on existing leases and renewals on expiring leases, cultivating strong customer relationships, and controlling operating expenses.
Financing Objectives
We use secured and unsecured debt as a means of providing additional funds for the acquisition of assets, to pay distributions, and for other corporate purposes. While a large percentage of our debt financings may typically be comprised of long-term, fixed-rate loans, our use of leverage generally increases the risk of default on loan payments and the resulting foreclosure on a particular asset or group of assets. Upon a default, our lenders may also have recourse to assets other than those specifically securing the repayment of the indebtedness. Our ability to enhance our investment returns and to increase our diversification by acquiring assets using additional funds provided through borrowings could be adversely impacted if the credit markets are closed or limited and banks and other lending institutions impose severe restrictions on the amount of funds available for the types of loans we seek. We have sourced, and may continue to source, institutional or other capital through joint venture partnerships or other co-partnerships to help diversify risk associated with development and value-add opportunities. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors-Risks Related to Debt Financing” for further detail.
Competition
The market for the acquisition of industrial real estate is highly competitive. We compete for real property investments with other REITs and institutional investors, such as pension funds and their advisors, private real estate investment funds, insurance company investment accounts, private investment companies, individuals and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including certain other entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, some of which may have greater financial resources than we do and generally may be able to accept more risk, including risks relating to the creditworthiness of potential customers, the breadth of the markets in which to invest, or the level of leverage they are willing to take on. They also may possess significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital or greater operating efficiencies associated with a larger platform.
The market for the leasing of industrial real estate is also very competitive. We experience competition for customers from other existing assets in proximity to our buildings, as well as from proposed new developments. As a result, we may have to provide free rental periods, incur charges for tenant improvements, or offer other inducements, all of which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
Significant Customers
We are dependent upon the ability of current customers to pay their contractual rent amounts as the rents become due. As of December 31, 2021, there was one customer that individually represented more than 5.0% of total annualized base rent, and our 10 largest customers represented approximately 25.2% of total annualized base rent of our portfolio. We are not aware of any current customers whose inability alone to pay their contractual rental amounts would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. See Item 2, “Properties,” for further detail about customer diversification.
Conflicts of Interest
We are subject to various potential conflicts of interest that could arise out of our relationship with the Advisor and other affiliates and related parties, including: conflicts related to the compensation arrangements among the Advisor, certain affiliates and related parties, and us; conflicts with respect to the allocation of the Advisor’s and its key personnel’s time; conflicts related to our potential acquisition of assets from affiliates of the Advisor; and conflicts with respect to the allocation of investment opportunities. Further, entities currently sponsored by or that in the future may be advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, and those in which Sponsor-affiliated entities own interests, may compete with us or may be given priority over us with respect to the acquisition of certain types of investments. As a result of our potential competition with these entities, certain investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us may not in fact be available. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors-Risks Related to the Advisor and Its Affiliates,” for additional detail. The independent directors have an obligation to function on our behalf in all situations in which a conflict of interest may arise and have a fiduciary obligation to act on behalf of our stockholders.
Compliance with Federal, State and Local Environmental Laws
Properties that we acquire, and the properties underlying our investments, are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental laws, ordinances, and regulations. Under these laws, ordinances, and regulations, a current or previous owner of real estate (including, in certain circumstances, a secured lender that succeeds to ownership or control of a property) may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at, on, under, or in its property. These laws typically impose cleanup responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or control party knew of or was responsible for the release or presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. The costs of investigation, remediation, or removal of these substances may be substantial and could exceed the value of the property. An owner or control party of a site may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from a site. Certain environmental laws also impose liability in connection with the handling of or exposure to materials containing asbestos. These laws allow third parties to seek recovery from owners of properties for personal injuries associated with materials containing asbestos. Our operating costs and the values of these assets may be adversely affected by the obligation to pay for the cost of complying with existing environmental laws, ordinances, and regulations, as well as the cost of complying with future legislation, and our income and ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be affected adversely by the existence of an environmental liability with respect to our properties. We will endeavor to ensure our properties are in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state and local laws, ordinances, and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products.
Employees
We have no employees. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor assumes principal responsibility for managing our affairs and we compensate the Advisor for certain services.
Additional Information
Our internet address is blackcreekgroup.com/investment-solutions/aireit/. Through a link on our website, we make available, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and prospectus, along with any amendments to those filings, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish them to the SEC.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
RISKS RELATED TO INVESTING IN OUR PUBLIC OFFERING
There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully achieve our investment objectives; the prior performance of other entities affiliated with our Advisor may not be an accurate barometer of our future results.
We may not be able to achieve our investment objectives. We have experienced net loss, as defined by GAAP. As a result, an investment in our shares of common stock may entail more risk than the shares of common stock of a real estate investment trust with a substantial operating history. In addition, stockholders should not rely on the past performance of investments by other entities affiliated with our Advisor to predict our future results. Our investment strategy and key employees may differ from the investment strategies and key employees of other programs affiliated with our Advisor in the past, present and future.
Because we generally do not mark to market our property-level mortgages and corporate-level credit facilities that are intended to be held to maturity, or our associated interest rate hedges that are intended to be held to maturity, the realizable value of our company or our assets that are encumbered by debt may be higher or lower than the value used in the calculation of our NAV.
In accordance with our valuation procedures, our property-level mortgages and corporate-level credit facilities that are intended to be held to maturity (which for fixed rate debt not subject to interest rate hedges may be the date near maturity at which time the debt will be eligible for prepayment at par for purposes herein), including those subject to interest rates hedges, are valued at par (i.e. at their respective outstanding balances). Because we often utilize interest rate hedges to stabilize interest payments (i.e. to fix all-in interest rates through interest rate swaps or to limit interest rate exposure through interest rate caps) on individual loans, each loan and associated interest rate hedge is treated as one financial instrument, which is valued at par if intended to be held to maturity. As a result, the realizable value of our company or our assets that are encumbered by debt used in the calculation of our NAV may be higher or lower than the value that would be derived if such debt instruments were marked to market. For example, if we decide to sell one or more assets, we may re-classify those assets as held-for-sale, which could then have a positive or negative impact on our calculation of NAV to the extent any associated debt is definitively intended to be prepaid. In some cases such difference may be significant. This policy of valuing at par applies regardless of whether any given interest rate hedge is considered an asset or liability for GAAP purposes. As of December 31, 2021, we classified all of our debt as intended to be held to maturity.
There is no public trading market for the shares of our common stock and we do not anticipate that there will be a public trading market for our shares; therefore, our stockholders’ ability to dispose of their shares will likely be limited to redemption by us. If our stockholders do sell their shares to us, they may receive less than the price they paid.
There is no public market for the shares of our common stock and we currently have no obligation or plans to apply for listing on any public securities market. Therefore, redemption of the shares of our common stock by us will likely be the only way for our stockholders to dispose of their shares. We will redeem shares at a price equal to the transaction price on the last calendar day of the applicable month, and not based on the price at which our stockholders initially purchased their shares. We may redeem our stockholders’ shares if they fail to maintain a minimum balance of $2,000 of shares, even if their failure to meet the minimum balance is caused solely by a decline in our NAV. Since Class T shares are sold at the transaction price plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, holders of Class T shares may receive less than the price they paid for their shares upon redemption by us. Subject to limited exceptions, holders of our common stock that have not held their shares for at least one year will be eligible for redemption at 95% of the transaction price on the
redemption date, which will inure indirectly to the benefit of our remaining stockholders. As a result of this and the fact that our NAV will fluctuate, holders of our common stock may receive less than the price they paid for their shares upon redemption by us.
Our ability to redeem our stockholders’ shares may be limited. In addition, our board of directors may modify or suspend our share redemption program at any time.
Our share redemption program contains significant restrictions and limitations. For example, if holders of our common stock do not hold their shares for a minimum of one year, then they will only be eligible for redemption at 95% of the transaction price on the redemption date.
We may redeem fewer shares than have been requested in any particular month to be redeemed under our share redemption program, or none at all, in our discretion at any time. We may redeem fewer shares due to lack of readily available funds because of adverse market conditions beyond our control, the need to maintain liquidity for our operations or because we have determined that investing in real property or other illiquid investments is a better use of our capital than redeeming our shares. In addition, the total amount of aggregate redemptions of Class T, Class D, and Class I shares (based on the price at which the shares are redeemed) will be limited for each calendar month to 2% of the aggregate NAV of all classes as of the last calendar day of the previous quarter and for each calendar quarter will be limited to 5% of the aggregate NAV of all classes of shares as of the last calendar day of the previous calendar quarter. With respect to the limitations described above, (i) provided that this share redemption program has been operating and not suspended for the first month of a given quarter and that all properly submitted redemption requests were satisfied, any unused capacity for that month will carry over to the second month and (ii) provided that this share redemption program has been operating and not suspended for the first two months of a given quarter and that all properly submitted redemption requests were satisfied, any unused capacity for those two months will carry over to the third month. In no event will such carry-over capacity permit the redemption of shares with aggregate value (based on the redemption price per share for the month the redemption is effected) in excess of 5% of the combined NAV of all classes of shares as of the last calendar day of the previous calendar quarter (provided that for these purposes redemptions may be measured on a net basis as described in the paragraph below).
We currently measure the foregoing redemption allocations and limitations based on net redemptions during a month or quarter, as applicable. The term “net redemptions” means, during the applicable period, the excess of our share redemptions (capital outflows) over the proceeds from the sale of our shares (capital inflows). With respect to future periods, our board of directors may choose whether the allocations and limitations will be applied to “gross redemptions,” i.e., without netting against capital inflows, rather than to net redemptions, which could limit the amount of shares redeemed in a given month or quarter despite our receiving a net capital inflow for that month or quarter.
The vast majority of our assets will consist of properties which cannot generally be readily liquidated on short notice without impacting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition. Therefore, we may not always have a sufficient amount of cash to immediately satisfy redemption requests. Further, we may invest in real estate-related securities and other securities with the primary goal of maintaining liquidity in support of our share redemption program. Any such investments may result in lower returns than an investment in real estate assets, which could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions and our stockholders’ overall return. Further, if redemption requests, in the business judgment of our board of directors, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations, risk having an adverse impact on stockholders whose shares are not redeemed, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in real properties or other investments rather than repurchasing our shares is in the best interests of the Company as a whole, then our board of directors may make exceptions to, modify or suspend our share redemption program if in its reasonable judgment it deems such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders. Although our board of directors has the discretion to suspend our share redemption program, our board of directors will not terminate our share redemption program other than in connection with a liquidity event which results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law. Our board of directors may determine that it is in our best interests and the interest of our stockholders to suspend the share redemption program as a result of regulatory changes, changes in law, if our board of directors becomes aware of undisclosed material information that it believes should be publicly disclosed before shares are redeemed, a lack of available funds, a determination that redemption requests are having an adverse effect on our operations or other factors. Upon suspension of our share redemption program, our share redemption program requires our board of directors to consider at least quarterly whether the continued suspension of the program is in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders; however, we are not required to authorize the re-commencement of the share redemption program within any specified period of time and any suspension may be for an indefinite period, which would be tantamount to a termination. As a result, our stockholders’ ability to have their shares redeemed by us may be limited, our shares should be considered as having only limited liquidity and at times may be illiquid.
Our capacity to redeem shares may be further limited if we experience a concentration of investors.
The current limitations of our share redemption program are based, in part, on the number of outstanding shares. Thus, the ability of a single investor, or of a group of investors acting similarly, to redeem all of their shares may be limited if they own a large percentage of our shares. Similarly, if a single investor, or a group of investors acting in concert or independently, owns a large percentage of our shares, a significant redemption request by such investor or investors could significantly further limit our ability to satisfy redemption requests of other investors of such classes. Such concentrations could arise in a variety of circumstances, especially while we have relatively few outstanding shares. For example, we could sell a large number of our shares to one or more institutional investors, either in a public offering or in a private placement. In addition, we may issue a significant number of our shares in connection with an acquisition of another company or a portfolio of properties to a single investor or a group of investors that may request redemption at similar times following the acquisition.
Purchases and redemptions of our common shares will not be made based on the current NAV per share of our common stock.
We are offering shares of our common stock at the transaction price, plus applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The transaction price generally will be equal to the NAV per share of our common stock most recently disclosed by us, however, we may offer shares at a price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of such stock more appropriately than the most recently disclosed NAV per share, including by updating a previously disclosed transaction price, in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share relative to the most recently disclosed NAV per share. The transaction price generally will be based on our most recently disclosed monthly NAV of each class of common stock (subject to material changes as described above) and will not be based on any public market. Further, our board of directors may amend our NAV procedures from time to time. For example, if our stockholders wish to subscribe for shares of our common stock in October, their subscription request must be received in good order at least five business days before November 1. Generally, the offering price per share would equal the transaction price of the applicable class as of the last calendar day of September, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. If accepted, their subscription would be effective on the first calendar day of November. Conversely, if our stockholders wish to submit their shares for redemption in October, their redemption request and required documentation must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the second to last business day of October. If accepted, their shares would be redeemed as of the last calendar day of October and, generally, the redemption price would equal the transaction price of the applicable class as of the last calendar day of September, subject to a 5.0% reduction, for early redemption of shares of our common stock that have not been outstanding for at least one year. In each of these cases, the NAV that is ultimately determined as of the last day of October may be higher or lower than the NAV as of the last day of September used for determining the transaction price. Therefore, the price at which our stockholders purchase shares may be higher than the current NAV per share at the time of sale and the price at which our stockholders redeem shares may be lower than the current NAV per share at the time of redemption.
In order to provide liquidity to fund redemptions, we currently intend to maintain a number of sources of aggregate liquidity including cash, cash equivalents, other short-term investments, U.S. government securities, agency securities, liquid real estate-related securities and undrawn amounts under our corporate line of credit of 10% of our equity. In addition, we may draw down amounts under our corporate line of credit. These measures may result in lower returns to our stockholders.
Although the majority of our assets consist of properties that cannot generally be readily liquidated on short notice without impacting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition, in order to provide liquidity to fund redemptions, we currently intend to maintain, under normal operating circumstances and subject to any limitations and requirements relating to our qualification as a REIT, a number of sources of liquidity including cash, cash equivalents (e.g. money market funds), other short-term investments, U.S. government securities, agency securities, liquid real estate-related securities and undrawn amounts under our corporate line of credit (“cash-related liquidity”) of 10% of our equity. In addition, we may draw down amounts under our corporate line of credit to cover any difference in our cash-related liquidity allocation, ensuring an allocation to cash-related liquidity of 10% of our equity. Our allocation of a portion of our equity to liquid investments may result in lower returns than if we had invested in additional properties and using borrowings for redemptions will reduce the funds available to retire debt or acquire additional properties, which may result in reduced profitability and restrict our ability to grow our NAV.
Economic events that may cause our stockholders to request that we redeem their shares may materially adversely affect our cash flow and our results of operations and financial condition.
Economic events affecting the U.S. economy, such as the general negative performance of the real estate sector, could cause our stockholders to seek to sell their shares to us pursuant to our share redemption program at a time when such events are adversely affecting the performance of our assets. The redemptions of Class T, Class D, and Class I shares are subject to the 2% and 5% limits (as described above) (subject to potential carry-over capacity). Even if we are able to and determine to satisfy all resulting redemption requests, our cash flow could be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we determine to sell assets to satisfy redemption requests, we may not be able to realize the return on such assets that we may have been able to achieve had we sold at a more favorable time, and our results of operations and financial condition, including, without limitation, breadth of our portfolio by property type and location, could be materially adversely affected.
A portion of the proceeds raised in our public offering is expected to be used to satisfy redemption requests, and such portion of the proceeds may be substantial.
We currently expect to use a portion of the proceeds from our public offering to satisfy redemption requests with respect to our share redemption program. Using the proceeds from our public offering for redemptions will reduce the net proceeds available to retire debt or acquire additional properties, which may result in reduced liquidity and profitability or restrict our ability to grow our NAV.
Our public offering is a “blind pool” offering and stockholders will not have the opportunity to evaluate our future investments prior to purchasing shares of our common stock.
Stockholders will not be able to evaluate the economic merits, transaction terms or other financial or operational data concerning our future investments that we have not yet identified prior to purchasing shares of our common stock. Stockholders must rely on the Advisor and our board of directors to implement our investment policies, to evaluate our investment opportunities and to structure the terms of our investments. We may invest in any asset class, including those that present greater risk than industrial assets. Because stockholders cannot evaluate our future investments in advance of purchasing shares of our common stock, a “blind pool” offering may entail more risk than other types of offerings. This additional risk may hinder stockholders’ ability to achieve their own personal investment objectives related to portfolio diversification, risk-adjusted investment returns and other objectives.
Our public offering is a “best efforts” offering and if we are unable to raise substantial funds, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we may make which could negatively impact an investment in shares of our common stock.
Our public offering is being made on a “best efforts” basis, whereby the broker dealers participating in the offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell shares of our common stock and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares of our common stock. As a result, the amount of proceeds we raise in our public offering may be substantially less than the amount we would need to achieve a diversified industrial portfolio. Our inability to raise substantial funds would increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, and our financial condition and ability to make distributions could be adversely affected. If we are unable to
raise substantially more funds in our public offering, we will be thinly capitalized and will make fewer investments in properties, and will more likely focus on making investments in loans and real estate related entities, resulting in less diversification in terms of the number of investments owned, the geographic regions in which our property investments are located and the types of investments that we make. As a result, the likelihood increases that any single investment’s poor performance would materially affect our overall investment performance. As of December 31, 2021, we had raised gross proceeds of approximately $2.7 billion from the sale of approximately 259.8 million shares of our common stock, including shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. See “Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information concerning our public offerings.
Historical returns may be presented over limited timeframes and are inherently limited in their applicability to the future.
In our prospectus, in our annual report, and in other investor communications, we disclose certain historical NAV and total return information. This information may be presented on a class-by-class basis or on a weighted-average basis across all our classes. The information may go back one month, one quarter, or longer periods. While we believe this historical information is useful, investors should understand that any historical return presentation is inherently limited in its applicability to the future, for a variety of reasons. We may have performed better in certain past time periods than others, and we cannot predict the future performance of our company specifically or the broader economy and real estate markets more generally. Furthermore, from time to time we may make changes to our portfolio, our investment focus, or structural aspects of our company that may make past returns less comparable. Over time, we have made changes to the fees and reimbursements we pay to the Advisor (in connection with managing our operations) and the Dealer Manager and participating broker-dealers (in connection with our public offerings). Our share classes have different upfront fees and different class-specific fees that make their returns different from those of other classes and from average returns that may be shown. In some cases, we have changed the names of our share classes and the fees that affect their returns.
Even if we are able to raise substantial funds in our public offerings, investors in our common stock are subject to the risk that our offerings, business and operating plans may change.
Although we presently intend to operate on a perpetual basis with ongoing offering and share redemption program, this is not a requirement of our charter. Further, we may in the future consider various Liquidity Events and, given that our investment strategy is focused on a single asset class, it is possible that an opportunity to execute a Liquidity Event could arise. Even if we are able to raise substantial funds in our offerings, if circumstances change such that our board of directors believes it is in the best interest of our stockholders to terminate our offerings or to terminate our share redemption program, in connection with a Liquidity Event or otherwise, we may do so without stockholder approval. Our board of directors may also change our investment objectives, borrowing policies or other corporate policies without stockholder approval. In addition, we may change the way our fees and expenses are incurred and allocated to different classes of stockholders if the tax rules applicable to REITs change such that we could do so without adverse tax consequences. Our board of directors may decide that a Liquidity Event or certain other significant transactions that require stockholder approval are in the best interests of our stockholders. Holders of all classes of our common stock have equal voting rights with respect to such matters and will vote as a single group rather than on a class-by-class basis. Accordingly, investors in our common stock are subject to the risk that our offerings, business and operating plans may change.
Valuations and appraisals of our properties, real estate-related assets and real estate-related liabilities are estimates of value and may not necessarily correspond to realizable value.
The valuation methodologies that are used to value our properties and certain real estate-related assets involve subjective judgments regarding such factors as comparable sales, rental revenue and operating expense data, known contingencies, the capitalization or discount rate, and projections of future rent and expenses based on appropriate analysis. As a result, any valuations and appraisals of our properties, real estate-related assets and real estate-related liabilities are only estimates of current market value. Ultimate realization of the value of an asset or liability depends to a great extent on economic and other conditions beyond our control and the control of the Independent Valuation Advisor and other parties involved in the valuation of our assets and liabilities. Further, these valuations may not necessarily represent the price at which an asset or liability would sell, because market prices of assets and liabilities can only be determined by negotiation between a willing buyer and seller. Valuations used for determining our NAV also are generally made without consideration of the expenses that would be incurred in connection with disposing of assets and liabilities. Therefore, the valuations of our properties, our investments in real estate-related assets and our liabilities may not correspond to the timely realizable value upon a sale of those assets and liabilities. In addition, the value of our interest in any joint venture or partnership that is a minority interest or is restricted as to salability or transferability may reflect or be adjusted for a minority or liquidity discount. In determining the amount of such discount, consideration may be given to a variety of factors, including, without limitation, the nature and length of such restriction. As a result, the realizable value
of our interest in joint ventures or partnerships used in the calculation of our NAV may be lower than the value that would be derived if a minority or liquidity discount had not been applied, which could then have a negative impact on our calculation of NAV. Similarly, if any such properties held in a joint venture or partnership in which we own a minority interest are transferred to us as part of a liquidation of the assets of the joint venture or partnership or other transaction resulting in our ownership of 100% of such properties, such as is the case with respect to the BTC II Partnership, it could have a positive impact on the calculation of our NAV. In some cases, the impact may be significant. For example, we estimate the fair value of our minority ownership interests in the BTC II Partnership as of December 31, 2021 would have been $21.0 million higher if a minority discount had not been applied, meaning that if we used the estimated fair value without the application of the minority discount, our NAV would have been higher by approximately $21.0 million, or $0.08 per share, not taking into account all of the other items that impact our monthly NAV, as of December 31, 2021. As a result of the BTC II Partnership Transaction (as described in “Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements”), the minority discount described above is expected to be substantially eliminated when our NAV as of February 28, 2022 is calculated, thereby having a positive impact on our NAV. This does not take into account all of the other items that impact our monthly NAV and may offset the impact of the elimination of the discount to some extent, such as transaction expenses associated with any strategic alternative.
In order to disclose a monthly NAV, we are reliant on the parties that we engage for that purpose, in particular the Independent Valuation Advisor and the appraisers that we hire to value and appraise our real estate portfolio.
In order to disclose a monthly NAV, our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, has adopted valuation procedures that contain a comprehensive set of methodologies to be used in connection with the calculation of our NAV, including the engagement of independent third parties such as the Independent Valuation Advisor, to value our real estate portfolio on a monthly basis, and independent appraisal firms, to provide periodic appraisals with respect to our properties. We have also engaged a firm to act as the NAV Accountant and may engage other independent third parties or our Advisor to value other assets or liabilities. Although our board of directors, with the assistance of the Advisor, oversees all of these parties and the reasonableness of their work product, we will not independently verify our NAV or the components thereof, such as the appraised values of our properties. Our management’s assessment of the market values of our properties may also differ from the appraised values of our properties as determined by the Independent Valuation Advisor. If the parties engaged by us to determine our monthly NAV are unable or unwilling to perform their obligations to us, our NAV could be inaccurate or unavailable, and we could decide to suspend any ongoing public offering and our share redemption program.
Our NAV is not subject to GAAP, is not independently audited and involves subjective judgments by the Independent Valuation Advisor and other parties involved in valuing our assets and liabilities.
Our valuation procedures and our NAV are not subject to GAAP and are not subject to independent audit. Additionally, we are dependent on our Advisor to be reasonably aware of material events specific to our properties (such as tenant disputes, damage, litigation and environmental issues) that may cause the value of a property to change materially and to promptly notify the Independent Valuation Advisor so that the information may be reflected in our real estate portfolio valuation. In addition, the implementation and coordination of our valuation procedures include certain subjective judgments of our Advisor, such as whether the Independent Valuation Advisor should be notified of events specific to our properties that could affect their valuations, as well as of the Independent Valuation Advisor and other parties we engage, as to whether adjustments to asset and liability valuations are appropriate. Accordingly, our stockholders must rely entirely on our board of directors to adopt appropriate valuation procedures and on the Independent Valuation Advisor and other parties we engage in order to arrive at our NAV, which may not correspond to realizable value upon a sale of our assets.
No rule or regulation requires that we calculate our NAV in a certain way, and our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, may adopt changes to the valuation procedures.
There are no existing rules or regulatory bodies that specifically govern the manner in which we calculate our NAV. As a result, it is important that our stockholders pay particular attention to the specific methodologies and assumptions we will use to calculate our NAV. Other public REITs may use different methodologies or assumptions to determine their NAV. In addition, each year our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, will review the appropriateness of our valuation procedures and may, at any time, adopt changes to the valuation procedures. If we acquire real property assets as a portfolio, we may pay a premium over the amount that we would pay for the assets individually. See our valuation procedures, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for more details regarding our valuation methodologies, assumptions and procedures.
Our NAV per share may suddenly change if the valuations of our properties materially change from prior valuations or the actual operating results materially differ from what we originally budgeted.
It is possible that the annual appraisals of our properties may not be spread evenly throughout the year and may differ from the most recent monthly valuation. As such, when these appraisals are reflected in our Independent Valuation Advisor’s valuation of our real estate portfolio, there may be a sudden change in our NAV per share for each class of our common stock. Property valuation changes can occur for a variety of reasons, such as local real estate market conditions, rotation of different third-party appraisal firms, the financial condition of our customers, or lease expirations. For example, we expect to regularly face lease expirations across our portfolio, and as we move further away from lease commencement toward the end of a lease term, the valuation of the underlying property will be expected to drop depending on the likelihood of a renewal or a new lease on similar terms. Such a valuation drop can be particularly significant when closer to a lease expiration, especially for single tenant buildings or where an individual tenant occupies a large portion of a building. We will be at the greatest risk of these valuation changes during periods in which we have a large number of lease expirations as well as when the lease of a significant tenant is closer to expiration. Similarly, if a tenant will have an option in the future to purchase one of our properties from us at a price that is less than the current valuation of the property, then if the value of the property exceeds the option price, the valuation will be expected to decline and begin to approach the purchase price as the date of the option approaches. In addition, actual operating results may differ from what we originally budgeted, which may cause a sudden increase or decrease in the NAV per share amounts. We will accrue estimated revenues and expenses on a monthly basis based on actual leases and expenses in that month. On a periodic basis, we will adjust the revenues and expense accruals we estimated to reflect the revenues and expenses actually earned and incurred. We will not retroactively adjust the NAV per share of each class for any adjustments. Therefore, because actual results from operations may be better or worse than what we previously budgeted, the adjustment to reflect actual operating results may cause the NAV per share for each class of our common stock to increase or decrease.
New acquisitions may be valued for purposes of our NAV at less than what we pay for them, which would dilute our NAV.
Pursuant to our valuation procedures, the acquisition price of newly acquired properties will serve as the basis for our appraised value for the year of acquisition, and thereafter will be part of the rotating appraisal cycle such that they are appraised at least every calendar year. This is true whether the acquisition is funded with cash, equity or a combination thereof. However, the Independent Valuation Advisor always has the ability to adjust property valuations for purposes of our NAV from the most recent appraised value. Similarly, if the Independent Valuation Advisor believes that the purchase price for a recent acquisition does not reflect the current value of the property, the Independent Valuation Advisor has the ability to adjust the valuation for purposes of our NAV downwards immediately after acquisition. Even if the Independent Valuation Advisor does not adjust the valuation downwards immediately following the acquisition, when we obtain an appraisal on the property, it may not appraise at a value equal to the purchase price. Accordingly, the value of a new acquisition as established under our valuation procedures could be less than what we pay for it, which could negatively affect our NAV. Large portfolio acquisitions, in particular, may require a “portfolio premium” to be paid by us in order to be a competitive bidder, and this “portfolio premium” may not be taken into consideration in calculating our NAV. In addition, acquisition expenses we incur in connection with new acquisitions will negatively impact our NAV. We may make acquisitions (with cash or equity) of any size without stockholder approval, and such acquisitions may be dilutive to our NAV.
The NAV per share that we publish may not necessarily reflect changes in our NAV that are not immediately quantifiable.
From time to time, we may experience events with respect to our investments that may have a material impact on our NAV. For example, and not by way of limitation, changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, environmental legislation, acts of God, terrorism, social unrest, civil disturbances and major disturbances in financial markets may cause the value of a property to change materially. The NAV per share of each class of our common stock as published on any given month may not reflect such extraordinary events to the extent that their financial impact is not immediately quantifiable. As a result, the NAV per share that we publish may not necessarily reflect changes in our NAV that are not immediately quantifiable, and the NAV per share of each class published after the announcement of a material event may differ significantly from our actual NAV per share for such class until such time as the financial impact is quantified and our NAV is appropriately adjusted in accordance with our valuation procedures. The resulting potential disparity in our NAV may inure to the benefit of redeeming stockholders or non-redeeming stockholders and new purchasers of our common stock, depending on whether our published NAV per share for such class is overstated or understated.
The realizable value of specific properties may change before the value is adjusted by the Independent Valuation Advisor and reflected in the calculation of our NAV.
Our valuation procedures generally provide that the Independent Valuation Advisor will adjust a real property’s valuation, as necessary, based on known events that have a material impact on the most recent value (adjustments for non-material events may also be made). We are dependent on our Advisor to be reasonably aware of material events specific to our properties (such as lease expirations, customer disputes, damage, litigation and environmental issues, as well as positive events such as new lease agreements) that may cause the value of a property to change materially and to promptly notify the Independent Valuation Advisor so that the information may be reflected in our real estate portfolio valuation. Events may transpire that, for a period of time, are unknown to us or the Independent Valuation Advisor that may affect the value of a property, and until such information becomes known and is processed, the value of such asset may differ from the value used to determine our NAV. In addition, although we may have information that suggests a change in value of a property may have occurred, there may be a delay in the resulting change in value being reflected in our NAV until such information is appropriately reviewed, verified and processed. For example, we may receive an unsolicited offer from an unrelated third party to purchase one of our assets at a price that is materially different than the price included in our NAV. Or, we may be aware of a new lease, lease expiry, or entering into a contract for capital expenditure. Where possible, adjustments generally will be made based on events evidenced by proper final documentation. It is possible that an adjustment to the valuation of a property may occur prior to final documentation if the Independent Valuation Advisor determines that events warrant adjustments to certain assumptions (including probability of occurrence) that materially affect value. However, to the extent that an event has not yet become final based on proper documentation, its impact on the value of the applicable property may not be reflected (or may be only partially reflected) in the calculation of our NAV.
Our NAV and the NAV of our stockholders’ shares may be diluted in connection with this and future securities offerings.
In connection with our public offering, we incur fees and expenses, which will decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments. In addition, because the prices of shares sold in our public offering will be based on our monthly NAV per share, our public offering may be dilutive if our NAV procedures do not fully capture the value of our shares and/or we do not utilize the proceeds accretively.
In the future we may conduct other offerings of common stock (whether existing or new classes), preferred stock, debt securities or of interests in the Operating Partnership. We may also amend the terms of our public offering. We may structure or amend such offerings to attract institutional investors or other sources of capital. The costs of our public offering and future offerings may negatively impact our ability to pay distributions and our stockholders’ overall return.
Interest rate changes may cause volatility in our monthly NAV.
In accordance with our valuation procedures, we generally will use the fair value of our assets and liabilities related to assets held for sale, if any, to determine our monthly NAV. The fair value of certain of our assets and such liabilities may be very sensitive to interest rate changes, such as fixed rate borrowings and interest rate hedges that are not intended to be held to maturity. As a result, changes in projected forward interest rates may cause volatility in our monthly NAV.
Our stockholders will experience dilution in the net tangible book value of our stockholders’ shares equal to the upfront offering costs associated with their shares.
Our stockholders will incur immediate dilution equal to the upfront costs of the offering associated with the sale of their shares, including with respect to Class T shares sold in the primary offering, upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, and with respect to all shares sold in the offering, organization and offering expenses. This means that investors who purchase our shares of common stock will pay a price per share that exceeds the amount available to us to purchase assets and therefore, the value of these assets upon purchase.
Our stockholders may be at a greater risk of loss than the Sponsor or the Advisor since our primary source of capital is funds raised through the sale of shares of our common stock.
Because our primary source of capital is funds raised through the sale of shares of our common stock, any losses that may occur will be borne primarily by our stockholders, rather than by the Sponsor or the Advisor.
Stockholders will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review in connection with our public offering, which increases the risk of their investment.
Because the Advisor and the Dealer Manager are affiliates of, or otherwise related to, the Sponsor, stockholders will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review and investigation of the type normally performed by an independent underwriter in connection with a securities offering. This lack of an independent due diligence review and investigation increases the risk of the stockholders’ investment.
The performance component of the advisory fee is calculated on the basis of the overall investment return provided to holders of Fund Interests over a calendar year, so it may not be consistent with the return on our stockholders’ shares.
The performance component of the advisory fee is calculated on the basis of the overall investment return provided to holders of Fund Interests (i.e., our outstanding shares and OP Units held by third parties) in any calendar year such that the Special Unit Holder, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of our Advisor, will receive a performance component of the advisory fee equal to the lesser of (1) 12.5% of (a) the annual total return amount less (b) any loss carryforward, and (2) the amount equal to (x) the annual total return amount, less (y) any loss carryforward, less (z) the Hurdle Amount. Therefore, if the annual total return amount exceeds the Hurdle Amount plus the amount of any loss carryforward, then the Special Unit Holder will receive a performance component equal to 100% of such excess, but limited to 12.5% of the annual total return amount that is in excess of the loss carryforward. The foregoing calculations are performed based on the weighted-average number of outstanding Fund Interests during the year and the weighted-average total return per Fund Interest. The “annual total return amount” referred to above means all distributions paid or accrued per Fund Interest plus any change in NAV per Fund Interest since the end of the prior calendar year, adjusted to exclude the negative impact on annual total return resulting from our payment or obligation to pay, or distribute, as applicable, the performance component of the advisory fee as well as ongoing distribution fees (i.e., our ongoing class-specific fees). If the performance component is being calculated with respect to a year in which we complete a Liquidity Event (if any), for purposes of determining the “annual total return amount,” the change in NAV per Fund Interest will be deemed to equal the difference between the NAV per Fund Interest as of the end of the prior calendar year and the value per Fund Interest determined in connection with such Liquidity Event. The “loss carryforward” referred to above will track any negative annual total return amounts from prior years and offset the positive annual total return amount for purposes of the calculation of the performance component of the advisory fee. The loss carryforward was zero as of the effective date of the Advisory Agreement. Therefore, payment of the performance component of the advisory fee (1) is contingent upon the overall return to the holders of Fund Interests exceeding the Hurdle Amount plus the amount of any loss carryforward, (2) will vary in amount based on our actual performance and (3) cannot cause the overall return to the holders of Fund Interests for the year to be reduced below 5.0%.
As a result of the manner in which the performance component is calculated, as described above, the performance component is not directly tied to the performance of the shares our stockholders purchase, the class of shares they purchase, or the time period during which they own their shares. The performance component may be payable to the Special Unit Holder even if the NAV of a stockholder’s shares at the time the performance component is calculated is below the stockholder’s purchase price, and the thresholds at which increases in NAV count towards the overall return to the holders of Fund Interests are not based on at stockholder’s purchase price. Because of the class-specific allocations of the ongoing distribution fee, which differ among classes, we do not expect the overall return of each class of Fund Interests to ever be the same. However, if and when the performance component of the advisory fee is payable, the expense will be allocated among all holders of Fund Interests ratably according to the NAV of their units or shares, regardless of the different returns achieved by different classes of Fund Interests during the year. Further, our stockholders who redeem their shares during a given year may redeem their shares at a lower NAV per share as a result of an accrual for the estimated performance component of the advisory fee, even if no performance component is ultimately payable to the Special Unit Holder for all or any portion of such calendar year. In addition, if the Special Unit Holder the performance component of the advisory fee for any given year, it will be obligated to return any portion of it based on our subsequent performance.
The payment of fees and expenses to the Advisor and its affiliates and the Dealer Manager reduces the cash available for distribution and increases the risk that our stockholders will not be able to recover the amount of their investment in our shares.
The Advisor and the Dealer Manager perform services for us, including, among other things, the selection and acquisition of our investments, the management of our assets, the disposition of our assets, the financing of our assets and certain administrative services. We pay the Advisor and its affiliates and the Dealer Manager fees and expense reimbursements for these services, which will reduce the amount of cash available for further investments or distribution to our stockholders.
We will be required to pay substantial compensation to the Advisor and its affiliates or related parties, which may be increased or decreased during our public offering or future offerings by a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors.
Subject to limitations in our charter, the fees, compensation, income, expense reimbursements, interest and other payments that we will be required to pay to the Advisor and its affiliates or related parties may increase or decrease during our public offering or future offerings if such change is approved by a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors. These payments to the Advisor and its affiliates or related parties will decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments and could negatively impact our ability to pay distributions and our stockholders overall return.
We may have difficulty completely funding our distributions with funds provided by cash flows from operating activities; therefore, we may use cash flows from financing activities, which may include borrowings and net proceeds from primary shares sold in our public offering, proceeds from the issuance of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan, or other sources to fund distributions to our stockholders. The use of these sources to pay distributions and the ultimate repayment of any liabilities incurred could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions in future periods, decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments and/or potentially impact the value or result in dilution of our stockholders’ investment by creating future liabilities, reducing the return on their investment or otherwise.
Until the proceeds from our public offering are fully invested, and from time to time thereafter, we may not generate sufficient cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, to fully fund distributions to our stockholders. To date, we have funded, and expect to continue to fund, distributions to our stockholders, with cash flows from financing activities, which may include borrowings and net proceeds from primary shares sold in our public offering, proceeds from the issuance of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan, proceeds from the sales of assets, or from our cash balances. Our charter does not prohibit our use of such sources to fund distributions. We may be required to fund distributions from a combination of some of these sources if our investments fail to perform as anticipated, if expenses are greater than expected or as a result of numerous other factors. We have not established a cap on the amount of our distributions that may be paid from any of these sources. Using certain of these sources may result in a liability to us, which would require a future repayment. For the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 50.0% of our total gross distributions were paid from cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis and 50.0% of our total gross distributions were funded with proceeds from shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
The use of the sources described above for distributions and the ultimate repayment of any liabilities incurred, as well as the payment of distributions in excess of our FFO, could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions in future periods, decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments and reduce our stockholders’ overall return and adversely impact and dilute the value of their investment in shares of our common stock. To the extent distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits (i) do not exceed a stockholder’s adjusted basis in our stock, such distributions will not be taxable to a stockholder, but rather a stockholder’s adjusted basis in our stock will be reduced; and (ii) exceed a stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in our stock, such distributions will be included in income as long-term capital gain if the stockholder has held its shares for more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain.
In addition, the Advisor or its affiliates could choose to receive shares of our common stock or interests in the Operating Partnership in lieu of cash or deferred fees or the repayment of advances to which they are entitled, and the issuance of such securities may dilute our stockholders’ investment in shares of our common stock.
There is very limited liquidity for our shares of common stock. If we do not effect a Liquidity Event, it will be very difficult for our stockholders to have liquidity for their investment in shares of our common stock.
Although we presently intend to operate on a perpetual basis with an ongoing offering and share redemption program, in the future we may also consider various Liquidity Events and, given that our investment strategy is focused on a single asset class, it is possible that an opportunity to execute a Liquidity Event could arise. There can be no assurance that we will ever seek to effect, or be successful in effecting, a Liquidity Event. Our charter does not require us to pursue a Liquidity Event or any transaction to provide liquidity to our stockholders. If we do not effect a Liquidity Event, it will be very difficult for our stockholders to have liquidity for their investment in shares of our common stock other than limited liquidity through any share redemption program.
We currently do not have research analysts reviewing our performance.
We do not have research analysts reviewing our performance or our securities on an ongoing basis. Therefore, we do not have an independent review of our performance and value of our common stock relative to publicly traded companies.
Our investors may be at a greater risk of loss than the Advisor and members of our management team.
We have taken certain actions to increase the stock ownership in our Company by our management team, the Advisor and our directors over the past couple of years, including the implementation of certain stock-based awards. The current level of ownership by management may be less than the management teams of other public real estate companies and, as a result, our investors may be at a greater risk of loss than the Advisor and other members of our management, especially as compared to these other companies in which stock ownership by management and directors may be significantly greater.
The availability and timing of cash distributions to our stockholders is uncertain.
We bear all expenses incurred in our operations, which are deducted from cash funds generated by operations prior to computing the amount of cash from operations available for distributions to our stockholders. In addition, there are ongoing distribution fees payable on Class T shares and Class D shares, which will reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to holders of Class T shares and Class D shares. Distributions could also be negatively impacted by the failure to deploy available cash on an expeditious basis, the inability to find suitable investments that are not dilutive to distributions, potential poor performance of our investments, an increase in expenses for any reason (including expending funds for redemptions in excess of the proceeds from our distribution reinvestment plan) and due to numerous other factors. Any request by the holders of our OP Units to redeem some or all of their OP Units for cash may also impact the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, our board of directors, in its discretion, may retain any portion of such funds for working capital. There can be no assurance that sufficient cash will be available to make distributions to our stockholders or that the amount of distributions will increase and not decrease over time. Should we fail for any reason to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain), we would not qualify for the favorable tax treatment accorded to REITs.
If we internalize our management functions, the percentage of our outstanding shares of common stock owned by our other stockholders could be reduced, we could incur other significant costs associated with being self-managed, and any internalization could have other adverse effects on our business and financial condition.
At some point in the future, we may internalize the functions performed for us by the Advisor. The method by which we could internalize these functions could take many forms. We may hire our own group of executives and other employees or we may acquire the Advisor or its assets, including its existing workforce. Any internalization transaction could result in significant payments to the owners of the Advisor, including in the form of our stock which could reduce the percentage ownership of our then existing stockholders and concentrate ownership in the Sponsor. In addition, there is no assurance that internalizing our management functions will be beneficial to us and our stockholders. For example, we may not realize the perceived benefits because of the costs of being self-managed or we may not be able to properly integrate a new staff of managers and employees or we may not be able to effectively replicate the services provided previously by the Advisor or its affiliates. Internalization transactions have also, in some cases, been the subject of litigation. Even if these claims are without merit, we could be forced to spend significant amounts of money defending claims which would reduce the amount of funds available for us to invest in real estate assets or to pay distributions.
If another investment program, whether sponsored by the Sponsor or otherwise, hires the current executives or key personnel of the Advisor in connection with an internalization transaction or otherwise, or if we were to internalize our management but cannot retain some or all of our current executives or key personnel of the Advisor, our ability to conduct our business may be adversely affected.
We will rely on key personnel of the Advisor to manage our day-to-day operating and acquisition activities. In addition, all of our current executives and other key personnel of the Advisor may provide services to one or more other investment programs, including other public investment programs sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor. These programs or third parties may decide to retain or hire some or all of our current executives and the Advisor’s other key personnel in the future through an internalization transaction or otherwise. If this occurs, we may not be able to retain some or all of our current executives and other key personnel of the Advisor who are most familiar with our business and operations, thereby potentially adversely impacting our business. If we were to effectuate an internalization
of the Advisor, we may not be able to retain all of the current executives and the Advisor’s other key personnel or to maintain a relationship with the Sponsor, which also may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.
We have broad authority to incur debt, and high debt levels could hinder our ability to make distributions and could decrease the value of an investment in shares of our common stock.
Under our charter, we have a limitation on borrowing which precludes us from borrowing in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets, provided that we may exceed this limit if a higher level of borrowing is approved by a majority of our independent directors. High debt levels could cause us to incur higher interest charges, could result in higher debt service obligations, could be accompanied by restrictive covenants, and generally could make us subject to the risks associated with higher leverage. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute and could result in a decline in the value of an investment in shares of our common stock.
Black Creek Group was acquired by Ares in July 2021 and we could face challenges related to the integration of Black Creek into the business, operations and corporate culture of Ares, the allocation of corporate resources, and the retention of Black Creek personnel, which could adversely impact our business and reduce the synergies that we expect to benefit from as a result of the transaction.
On July 1, 2021, Ares closed on the acquisition of Black Creek Group’s U.S. real estate investment advisory and distribution business, including our former advisor, BCI IV Advisors LLC. The integration of Black Creek Group into the business of Ares could present challenges that are often encountered by the surviving companies of similar corporate transactions (e.g., issues involving the integration of corporate cultures or infrastructure), in addition to unanticipated challenges, which could divert time and attention away from the activities of our Company.
Some former employees of Black Creek Group, in their capacities at Ares, are expected to work on new projects or accounts that they were not involved in when Black Creek was a standalone business. As a result of the transaction and related integration of certain Black Creek personnel, conflicts may arise in the allocation of certain personnel and other resources. Different entities and persons may be performing different roles and devoting different levels of attention to our Company as compared to the individuals and entities performing these functions prior to the closing of the transaction.
There will not be a complete overlap in the team of management professionals, and the roles of various team members, as between our Company and prior investment vehicles sponsored by Ares and Black Creek Group, respectively. Investors should consider this when reviewing historical information about our Sponsor in this prospectus.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR GENERAL BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND OUR CORPORATE STRUCTURE
If we are delayed in finding or unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives and make distributions to our stockholders.
We could suffer from delays in identifying suitable investments due to, among other factors, competition we face for real property investments from other REITs and institutional investors, as well as from certain other entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, which may have greater financial resources than we do, may be able to accept more risk than we can and may possess other significant competitive advantages over us, including a lower cost of capital. Because we are conducting our public offering on a “best efforts” basis over time, our ability to commit to purchase specific assets will also depend, in part, on the amount of proceeds we have received at a given time. If we are delayed in finding or unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives, make distributions to our stockholders or continue to fund distributions from sources other than cash flows from operating activities. In addition, such delays in our ability to find suitable investments would increase the length of time that offering proceeds are held in short term liquid investments that are expected to only produce minimal returns.
We anticipate that our investments will continue to be concentrated in the industrial real estate sector and primarily in the largest distribution and logistics markets in the U.S., and our business could be adversely affected by an economic downturn in that sector or in those geographic areas.
We anticipate that our investments will continue to be concentrated in the industrial real estate sector and primarily in the largest distribution and logistics markets in the U.S. Such industry concentration may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in this sector, such as downturns that may result from economic uncertainty with respect to imports and international trade or changes to trade
agreements, to a greater extent than if our business activities included investing a more significant portion of the net proceeds of our public offering in other sectors of the real estate industry; and such market concentrations may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in these areas. As of December 31, 2021, 10.3% of our total annualized base rent of properties was concentrated in the New Jersey market. As a result of this geographic concentration, our business is dependent on the economy in these markets generally, and on the respective markets for industrial property demand in particular, which could expose us to greater economic risks than if we were invested in a more geographically diverse portfolio. In addition, if our customers are concentrated in any particular industry, any adverse economic developments in such industry could expose us to additional risks. These concentration risks could negatively impact our operating results and affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest by participating broker dealers may negatively impact our ability to raise capital in this offering, which would harm our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Commencing June 30, 2020, broker dealers are required to comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, establishes a new standard of conduct for broker dealers and their associated persons when making a recommendation of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. The full impact of Regulation Best Interest on participating broker dealers cannot be determined at this time, and it may negatively impact whether participating broker dealers and their associated persons recommend this offering to certain retail customers. In particular, under SEC guidance concerning Regulation Best Interest, a broker dealer recommending an investment in our shares should consider a number of factors, including but not limited to cost and complexity of the investment and reasonably available alternatives in determining whether there is a reasonable basis for the recommendation. Broker dealers may recommend a more costly or complex product as long as they have a reasonable basis to believe it is in the best interest of a particular retail customer. However, if broker dealers instead choose alternatives to our shares, many of which likely exist, our ability to raise capital may be adversely affected. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in this offering, it would harm our ability to further expand and diversify our portfolio of investments, as well as our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
We are dependent on customers for revenue and our inability to lease our properties or to collect rent from our customers will adversely affect our results of operations and returns to our stockholders.
Our revenues from property investments depend on the creditworthiness of our customers and would be adversely affected by the loss of or default by significant customers. Much of our customer base is comprised of non-rated and non-investment grade customers. As of December 31, 2021, our top five customers represented 18.8% of our total annualized base rent of our properties, our top ten customers represented 25.2% of our total annualized base rent of our properties and there was one customer that individually represented more than 5.0% of our total annualized base rent of our properties. Our results of operations are currently substantially dependent on our top customers, and any downturn in their businesses could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, certain of our properties are occupied by a single customer, and as a result, the success of those properties depends on the financial stability of that customer. Lease payment defaults by customers could impact operating results, causing us to lower our NAV, reduce the amount of distributions to our stockholders, or could force us to find an alternative source of funding to pay any mortgage loan interest or principal, taxes, or other obligations relating to the property. In the event of a customer default, we may also experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing our property. If a lease is terminated, the value of the property may be immediately and negatively affected and we may be unable to lease the property for the rent previously received or at all or sell the property without incurring a loss.
A prolonged national or world-wide economic downturn or volatile capital market conditions could harm our operations, cash flows and financial condition and lower returns to our stockholders.
If disruptions in the capital and credit markets occur, they could adversely affect our ability to obtain loans, credit facilities, debt financing and other financing, or, when available, to obtain such financing on reasonable terms, which could negatively impact our ability to implement our investment strategy.
If these disruptions in the capital and credit markets should occur as a result of, among other factors, uncertainty, military conflict, including the escalating conflict between Russia and Ukraine, changing regulation, changes in trade agreements, reduced alternatives or failures of significant financial institutions, our access to liquidity could be significantly impacted. For example, customers and potential customers of our properties operate in industries including e-commerce, traditional retail, third-party logistics, warehousing and manufacturing, all of which may be adversely impacted by changes to U.S. foreign trade policies, including tariffs and other impositions
on imported goods, trade sanctions imposed on certain countries, including the significant sanctions imposed on Russia by the U.S. and other countries following Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the limitation on the importation of certain types of goods or of goods containing certain materials from other countries and other policies. Prolonged disruptions could result in us taking measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding for our business needs could be arranged. Such measures could include deferring investments, reducing or eliminating the number of shares redeemed under our share redemption program and reducing or eliminating distributions we make to our stockholders.
We believe the risks associated with our business are more severe during periods of economic downturn if these periods are accompanied by declining values in real estate. For example, a prolonged economic downturn could negatively impact our property investments as a result of increased customer delinquencies and/or defaults under our leases, generally lower demand for rentable space, potential oversupply of rentable space leading to increased concessions, and/or tenant improvement expenditures, or reduced rental rates to maintain occupancies. Our operations could be negatively affected to a greater extent if an economic downturn occurs, is prolonged or becomes more severe, which could significantly harm our revenues, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, business prospects and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy and which can result in an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. This impact could be materially adverse to the extent the current COVID-19 outbreak, or future pandemics, cause customers to be unable to pay their rent or reduce the demand for commercial real estate, or cause other impacts described below.
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 has since spread to over 100 countries, including the United States. COVID-19 has also spread to every state in the United States. On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020 the United States declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19.
The COVID-19 outbreak has had, and future pandemics could have, a significant adverse impact on economic and market conditions of economies around the world, including the United States, and could trigger a period of global economic slowdown or global recession.
The effects of COVID-19 or another pandemic could adversely affect us and/or our customers due to, among other factors:
● the unavailability of personnel, including executive officers and other leaders that are part of the management team and the inability to recruit, attract and retain skilled personnel-to the extent management or personnel are impacted in significant numbers by the outbreak of pandemic or epidemic disease and are not available or allowed to conduct work-business and operating results may be negatively impacted;
● difficulty accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all-a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions may affect our and our customers’ ability to access capital necessary to fund business operations or replace or renew maturing liabilities on a timely basis, and may adversely affect the valuation of financial assets and liabilities, any of which could affect our ability to meet liquidity and capital expenditure requirements or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;
● an inability to operate in affected areas, or delays in the supply of products or services from the vendors that are needed to operate effectively;
● customers’ inability to pay rent on their leases or our inability to re-lease space that is or becomes vacant, which inability, if extreme, could cause us to: (i) no longer be able to pay distributions at our current rates or at all in order to preserve liquidity and (ii) be unable to meet our debt obligations to lenders, which could cause us to lose title to the properties securing such debt, trigger cross-default provisions, or could cause us to be unable to meet debt covenants, which could cause us to have to sell properties or refinance debt on unattractive terms;
● uncertainty related to whether the U.S. Congress or state legislatures will pass additional laws providing for additional economic stimulus packages, governmental funding, or other relief programs, whether such measures will be enacted, whether our customers will be eligible or will apply for any such funds, whether the funds, if available, could be used by our customers to pay rent, and whether such funds will be sufficient to supplement our customers’ rent and other obligations to us;
● an inability to ensure business continuity in the event our continuity of operations plan is not effective or improperly implemented or deployed during a disruption;
● our inability to raise capital in our ongoing public offering, if investors are reluctant to purchase our shares;
● our inability to deploy capital due to slower transaction volume which may be dilutive to stockholders; and
● our inability to satisfy redemption requests and preserve liquidity, if demand for redemptions exceeds the limits of our share redemption program or ability to fund redemptions.
Customers and potential customers of the properties we own operate in industries that have been adversely affected by the disruption to business caused by the global outbreak of COVID-19. Customers or operators have been, and may in the future be, required to suspend operations at our properties for what could be an extended period of time. Although a number of our customers requested rent deferrals in the second quarter of 2020, these requests significantly decreased in the third and fourth quarters of 2020. However, as a result of COVID-19 or another future pandemic, more customers may request rent deferrals or may not pay rent in the future. This could lead to increased customer delinquencies and/or defaults under leases, a lower demand for rentable space leading to increased concessions or lower occupancy, and/or tenant improvement expenditures, or reduced rental rates to maintain occupancies. Our operations could be materially negatively affected if an economic downturn associated with a pandemic is prolonged, which could adversely affect our operating results, ability to pay our distributions, our ability to repay or refinance our debt, and the value of our shares.
The full extent of the impact and effects of COVID-19 on our future financial performance, as a whole, and, specifically, on our real estate property holdings are uncertain at this time. The impact will depend on future developments, including, among other factors, the duration of the outbreak, vaccine distribution, travel advisories and restrictions, the recovery time of the disrupted supply chains, the consequential staff shortages, and production delays, COVID-19 and other pandemics present uncertainty and risk with respect to our performance, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and value of our shares.
Yields on and safety of deposits may be lower due to the extensive decline in the financial markets.
Until we invest the proceeds of the offerings in properties, debt and other investments, we generally plan to hold those funds in permitted investments. Subject to applicable REIT rules, such investments include money market funds, bank money market accounts and CDs or other accounts at third-party depository institutions. Continuous or unusual declines in the financial markets may result in a loss of some or all of these funds. In particular, during times of economic distress, money market funds have experienced intense redemption pressure and have had difficulty satisfying redemption requests. As such, we may not be able to access the cash in our money market investments. In addition, income from these investments is minimal.
The failure of any bank in which we deposit our funds could reduce the amount of cash we have available to pay distributions and make additional investments.
We will seek to diversify our excess cash and cash equivalents among several banking institutions in an attempt to minimize exposure to any one of these entities. However, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation generally only insures amounts up to $250,000 per depositor per insured bank. It is likely that we will have cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash deposited in certain financial institutions substantially in excess of federally insured levels. If any of the banking institutions in which we deposit funds ultimately fails, we may lose our deposits over $250,000. The loss of our deposits could reduce the amount of cash we have available to distribute or invest and could result in a decline in the value of our stockholders’ investment.
Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence, civilian unrest, military conflict, or war may affect the markets in which we operate, our operations and our profitability.
Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence, civilian unrest, military conflict or war may negatively affect our operations and our stockholders’ investment. We may acquire real estate assets located in areas that are susceptible to attack. In addition, any kind of terrorist activity or violent criminal acts, including terrorist acts against public institutions or buildings or modes of public transportation (including airlines, trains or buses) could have a negative effect on our business. These events may directly impact the value of our assets through damage, destruction, loss or increased security costs. Although we may obtain terrorism insurance, we may not be able to obtain sufficient coverage to fund any losses we may incur. Risks associated with potential acts of terrorism could sharply increase the premiums we pay
for coverage against property and casualty claims. Further, certain losses resulting from these types of events are uninsurable or not insurable at reasonable costs.
More generally, any terrorist attack, other act of violence or war, including military conflicts, such as the escalating conflict between Russia and Ukraine, could result in increased volatility in, or damage to, the worldwide financial markets and economy. This risk may be magnified in the case of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, due to the significant sanctions and other restrictive actions taken against Russia by the U.S. and other countries in response to Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, as well as the cessation of all business in Russia by many global companies. Increased economic volatility and trade restrictions could adversely affect our customers’ ability to pay rent on their leases or our ability to borrow money or issue capital stock at acceptable prices and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Our business could suffer in the event the Advisor, the Dealer Manager, our transfer agent or any other party that provides us with services essential to our operations experiences system failures or cyber incidents or a deficiency in cybersecurity.
The Advisor, the Dealer Manager, our transfer agent and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations are vulnerable to service interruptions or damages from any number of sources, including computer viruses, malware, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of information resources. More specifically, a cyber incident is an intentional attack or an unintentional event that may include, but is not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data, steal assets or misappropriate company funds and/or confidential information, including, for example, confidential information regarding our stockholders. As reliance on technology in our industry has increased, so have the risks posed to our systems, both internal and those we have outsourced. In addition, the risk of cyber incidents has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Cyber incidents may be carried out by third parties or insiders, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, using techniques that range from highly sophisticated efforts to more traditional intelligence gathering and social engineering aimed at obtaining information. The remediation costs and lost revenues experienced by a victim of a cyber incident may be significant and significant resources may be required to repair system damage, protect against the threat of future security breaches or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm, loss of revenues and litigation, caused by any breaches. There also may be liability for any stolen assets or misappropriated company funds or confidential information. Any material adverse effect experienced by the Advisor, the Dealer Manager, our transfer agent and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations could, in turn, have an adverse impact on us.
Our board of directors determines our major policies and operations which increases the uncertainties faced by our stockholders.
Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding acquisitions, dispositions, financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification, listing, redemptions and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without providing notice to or obtaining the consent of our stockholders, which could result in investments that are different than those described in our prospectus. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on limited matters. Our board of directors’ broad discretion in setting policies and our stockholders’ inability to exert control over those policies increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face, especially if our board of directors and our stockholders disagree as to what course of action is in our stockholders’ best interests.
Our board of directors adopted a delegation of authority policy and pursuant to such policy, has established the Combined Industrial Advisors Committee, which is not a committee of our board of directors, but consists of certain of our officers and officers of the Advisor. Our board of directors has delegated to the Combined Industrial Advisors Committee certain responsibilities with respect to certain acquisition, disposition, leasing, capital expenditure and borrowing decisions, which may result in our making riskier investments and which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our board of directors has delegated to the Combined Industrial Advisors Committee the authority to execute certain transactions and make certain decisions on our behalf. The Combined Industrial Advisors Committee has the authority to approve certain transactions, including acquisitions, dispositions and leases, as well as to make decisions with respect to capital expenditures and borrowings, in each case so long as such investments and decisions meet certain board-approved parameters (that include limitations regarding the dollar amount of the transactions, among others) and are consistent with the requirements of our charter. There can be no assurance that the Combined Industrial Advisors Committee will be successful in applying any strategy or discretionary approach to our investment activities
pursuant to this delegation of authority. Our board of directors will review the investment decisions made pursuant to this delegation of authority periodically. The prior approval of our board of directors or a committee of our independent directors will be required as set forth in our charter (including for transactions with affiliates of the Advisor) or for transactions or decisions that are outside of the board-approved parameters placed on this delegation of authority. Transactions entered into and decisions made by the Combined Industrial Advisors Committee on our behalf may be costly, difficult or impossible to unwind if our board of directors later reviews them and determines that they should not have been entered into or made.
Tax protection agreements could limit our ability to sell or otherwise dispose of property contributed to the Operating Partnership.
In connection with contributions of property to the Operating Partnership, our Operating Partnership may enter into a tax protection agreement with the contributor of such property that provides that if we dispose of any interest in the contributed property in a taxable transaction within a certain time period, subject to certain exceptions, we may be required to indemnify the contributor for its tax liabilities attributable to the built in gain that exists with respect to such property interests, and the tax liabilities incurred as a result of such tax protection payment. Therefore, although it may be in our stockholders’ best interests that we sell the contributed property, it may be economically prohibitive for us to do so because of these obligations.
Tax protection agreements may require our Operating Partnership to maintain certain debt levels that otherwise would not be required to operate our business.
Under a tax protection agreement, our Operating Partnership may provide the contributor of property the opportunity to guarantee debt or enter into a deficit restoration obligation. If we fail to make such opportunities available, we may be required to deliver to such contributor a cash payment intended to approximate the contributor’s tax liability resulting from our failure to make such opportunities available to that contributor and the tax liabilities incurred as a result of such tax protection payment. These obligations may require the Operating Partnership to maintain more or different indebtedness than we would otherwise require for our business.
Certain provisions in the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership may delay, defer or prevent an unsolicited acquisition of us or a change of our control.
Provisions in the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership may delay, defer or prevent an unsolicited acquisition of us or a change of our control. These provisions include, among others:
● redemption rights of qualifying parties;
● a requirement that we may not be removed as the general partner of the operating partnership without our consent;
● transfer restrictions on our Operating Partnership units (“OP Units”);
● our ability, as general partner, in some cases, to amend the partnership agreement without the consent of the limited partners; and
● the right of the limited partners to consent to transfers of the general partnership interest and mergers under specified circumstances.
These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or a change of our control, although some stockholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. Our charter and bylaws, the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership and Maryland law also contain other provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of us that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise might believe to be in their best interests.
Our UPREIT structure may result in potential conflicts of interest with limited partners in the Operating Partnership whose interests may not be aligned with those of our stockholders.
Limited partners in the Operating Partnership have the right to vote on certain amendments to the sixth amended and restated limited operating partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership, or the “Operating Partnership Agreement,” as well as on certain other matters. Persons holding such voting rights may exercise them in a manner that conflicts with our stockholders’ interests. In addition, conflicts of
interest may exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and the Operating Partnership or any partner thereof, on the other hand. Our directors and officers have duties to our company and our stockholders under Maryland law in connection with their management of our company.
We may acquire co-ownership interests in property that are subject to certain co-ownership agreements which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, relative to if the co-ownership agreements did not exist.
We may acquire co-ownership interests, especially in connection with the Operating Partnership’s potential private placements, such as tenancy-in-common interests in property, interests in Delaware statutory trusts that own property and/or similar interests, which are subject to certain co-ownership agreements. The co-ownership agreements may limit our ability to encumber, lease, or dispose of our co-ownership interest. Such agreements could affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and could affect cash available for distributions to our stockholders. The co-ownership agreements could also impair our ability to take actions that would otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders and, therefore, may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, relative to if the co-ownership agreements did not exist.
The Operating Partnership’s private placements of beneficial interests in specific Delaware statutory trusts under our DST Program could cause our leverage ratio to increase or subject us to liabilities from litigation or otherwise.
We, through the Operating Partnership, have commenced a program to raise capital in private placements exempt from registration under Section 506(b) of the Securities Act through the sale of beneficial interests in specific Delaware statutory trusts holding real properties, including properties currently indirectly owned by the Operating Partnership. These interests may serve as replacement properties for investors seeking to complete like-kind exchange transactions under Section 1031 of the Code. All of the interests sold to investors pursuant to such private placements will be leased-back by the Operating Partnership or a wholly owned subsidiary thereof, as applicable, and fully guaranteed by the Operating Partnership, although there can be no assurance that the Operating Partnership can or will fulfill these guarantee obligations. Additionally, the Operating Partnership will be given a fair market value purchase option (the “FMV Option”) giving it the right, but not the obligation, to acquire the interests in the Delaware statutory trust from the investors at a later time in exchange for OP Units. In the event the Operating Partnership elects not to exercise the FMV Option our leverage ratio could increase based on remaining master lease obligations. This may result in both increased costs to us and a negative impact on our overall debt covenants. In addition, in the event the Operating Partnership elects not to exercise the FMV Option and the DST Property is sold to a third party, the master lease will terminate, triggering an obligation on the part of a subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, as master tenant, to pay to the trust an amount equal to the positive difference, if any, between the fair market value of the DST Property with the master lease in place as if such automatic termination had not occurred, and the gross purchase price to be paid by the third party buyer to the trust to acquire the DST Property. However, if the gross purchase price for the DST Property exceeds the fair market value of the DST Property subject to the master lease, no payment to the trust by the master tenant will be required. Further, investors who acquired interests pursuant to such private placements may have been seeking certain tax benefits that depend on the interpretation of, and compliance with, federal and state income tax laws and regulations. As the general partner of the Operating Partnership, we may become subject to liability, from litigation or otherwise, as a result of such transactions, including in the event an investor fails to qualify for any desired tax benefits.
The Operating Partnership’s private placements of beneficial interests in specific Delaware statutory trusts under our DST Program will not shield us from risks related to the performance of the real properties held through such structures.
Pursuant to the DST Program, the Operating Partnership intends to place certain of its existing real properties and/or acquire new properties to place into specific Delaware statutory trusts and then sell interests, via its taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS), in such trusts to third-party investors. We will hold long-term leasehold interests in the property pursuant to master leases that are fully guaranteed by our Operating Partnership, while the third-party investors indirectly hold some or all of the interests in the real estate. There can be no assurance that the Operating Partnership can or will fulfill these guarantee obligations. Although we will hold the FMV Option to reacquire the real estate through a purchase of interests in the Delaware statutory trust, the purchase price will be based on the then-current fair market value of the third-party investor’s interest in the real estate, which will be greatly impacted by the rental terms fixed by the long-term master lease. Under the lease we are responsible for subleasing the property to occupying customers until the earlier of the expiration of the master lease or our exercise of the FMV Option, which means that we bear the risk that the underlying cash flow from the property and all capital expenditures may be less than the master lease payments at such time. Therefore, even though we will no longer own the underlying real estate, because of the fixed terms of the long-term master lease guaranteed by our Operating Partnership, negative
performance by the underlying properties could affect cash available for distributions to our stockholders and will likely have an adverse effect on our results of operations and NAV.
We may own beneficial interests in trusts owning real property that will be subject to the agreements under our DST Program, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, relative to if the DST Program agreements did not exist.
In connection with the anticipated future launch of our DST Program, we may own beneficial interests in trusts owning real property that are subject to the terms of the agreements provided by our DST Program. The DST Program agreements may limit our ability to encumber, lease or dispose of our beneficial interests. Such agreements could affect our ability to turn our beneficial interests into cash and could affect cash available for distributions to our stockholders. The DST Program agreements expected to be used in connection with the DST Program could also impair our ability to take actions that would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders and, therefore, may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and NAV, relative to if the DST Program agreements did not exist.
Properties that are placed into the DST Program and later reacquired may be less liquid than other assets, which could impair our ability to utilize cash proceeds from sales of such properties for other purposes such as paying down debt, distributions, or additional investments.
Properties that are placed into the DST Program (the “DST Program Asset”) may later be reacquired through exercise of the option granted to our Operating Partnership. In such cases the investors who become limited partners in the Operating Partnership (the “DST Investors”) will generally remain tied to the applicable DST Program Asset in terms of basis and built-in-gain. As a result, if the applicable DST Program Asset is subsequently sold, unless we effectuate a like-kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Code, then tax will be triggered on the DST Investors’ built-in-gain. Although we are not contractually obligated to do so, we have generally sought to execute 1031 exchanges in such situations rather than trigger gain. Any replacement property acquired in connection with a 1031 exchange will similarly be tied to the DST Investors with similar considerations if such replacement property ever is sold. As a result of these factors, placing properties into the DST Program may limit our ability to access liquidity from such properties or replacement properties through sale without triggering taxes due to the built-in-gain tied to DST Investors. Such reduced liquidity could impair our ability to utilize cash proceeds from sales for other purposes such as paying down debt, paying distributions, funding redemptions or making additional investments.
Investors who use DST Investor Loans to acquire interests in Delaware Statutory Trusts as part of the DST Program may default on such loans.
As part of the DST Program, the AIREX Lender will provide DST Program Loans to certain DST Program investors who acquire interests in Delaware Statutory Trusts. DST Program Loans will be secured by the DST Program Investor’s interests in the Delaware Statutory Trust acquired using the DST Program Loan, and will be non-recourse to the borrowing DST Program investor subject to commercially customary recourse carveouts. We may suffer losses if the fair market value of the asset underlying the DST interests acquired by the DST Program investor declines after the DST Program investor borrowing with respect to a DST Program Loan, or if there is otherwise a default on a DST Program Loan.
If we invest in a limited partnership as a general partner, we could be responsible for all liabilities of such partnership.
We may invest in limited partnership entities through joint ventures or other co-ownership arrangements, in which we acquire all or a portion of our interest in such partnership as a general partner. Such general partner status could expose us to all the liabilities of such partnership. Additionally, we may take a non-managing general partner interest in the limited partnership, which would limit our rights of management or control over the operation of the partnership but would still make us potentially liable for all liabilities of the partnership. Therefore, we may be held responsible for all of the liabilities of an entity in which we do not have full management rights or control, and our liability may be greater than the amount or value of our initial, or then current, investment in the entity.
Cash redemptions to holders of OP Units will reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders or to honor their redemption requests under our share redemption program.
The holders of OP Units (other than us) generally have the right to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem all or a portion of their OP Units for, at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock, cash, or a combination of both. Our election to redeem OP Units for cash may reduce funds available for distribution to our stockholders or to honor our stockholders’ redemption requests under our share redemption program.
We may be limited or restricted in engaging in like-kind exchanges.
We may dispose of properties in transactions intended to qualify as like-kind exchanges under the Code. Such like-kind exchanges are intended to result in the deferral of gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The failure of any such transaction to qualify as a like-kind exchange could require us to pay U.S. federal income tax, possibly including the 100% prohibited transaction tax, depending on the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction.
Maryland law and our organizational documents limit our stockholders’ rights to bring claims against our officers and directors.
Maryland law provides that a director will not have any liability as a director so long as he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our charter provides that, subject to the applicable limitations set forth therein or under Maryland law, no director or officer will be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages. Our charter also provides that we will generally indemnify and advance expenses to our directors, our officers, the Advisor and its affiliates for losses they may incur by reason of their service in those capacities unless their act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, they actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or, in the case of any criminal proceeding, they had reasonable cause to believe the act or omission was unlawful. Moreover, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our officers and directors. As a result, we and our stockholders have more limited rights against these persons than might otherwise exist under common law.
In addition, we are obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by these persons in some cases. However, our charter provides that we may not indemnify our directors, the Advisor and its affiliates for any liability or loss suffered by them or hold our directors, the Advisor and its affiliates harmless for any liability or loss suffered by us unless they have determined that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests, they were acting on our behalf or performing services for us, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by our non-independent directors, the Advisor and its affiliates or gross negligence or willful misconduct by our independent directors, and the indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets or the proceeds of insurance and not from our stockholders.
We may issue preferred stock, additional shares of common stock or other classes of common stock, which issuance could adversely affect the holders of our common stock issued pursuant to our public offering.
Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive rights to any shares issued by us in the future. We may issue additional shares of common stock, without stockholder approval, including through the declaration of stock dividends, at a price which could dilute the value of existing stockholders’ shares. Further, we may issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock or other classes of common stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of the common stockholders and with rights that could dilute the value of our stockholders’ shares of common stock. This would increase the number of stockholders entitled to distributions without simultaneously increasing the size of our asset base. Under our charter, we have authority to issue a total of 1.7 billion shares of capital stock. Of the total number of shares of capital stock authorized (a) 1.5 billion shares are designated as common stock, including 225.0 million classified as Class I shares, 1.2 billion classified as Class T shares and 75.0 million classified as Class D shares, and (b) 200.0 million shares are designated as preferred stock. Our board of directors may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of capital stock or the number of authorized shares of capital stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue without stockholder approval. Investors will also experience dilution if we issue equity compensation pursuant to our equity incentive plans, issue shares or OP Units to the Advisor in lieu of cash payments or reimbursements under the Advisory Agreement, or redeem OP Units for shares of common stock. In addition, we may cause the Operating Partnership to issue a substantial number of additional OP Units in order to raise capital in relation to the DST Program or otherwise, acquire properties, consummate a merger, business combination or another significant transaction. OP Units may generally be converted into shares of our common stock, thereby diluting the percentage ownership interest of other stockholders. Ultimately, any additional issuance by us of equity securities or by the Operating Partnership of OP Units will dilute our stockholders’ indirect interest in the Operating Partnership, through which we own all of our interests in our investments. If we ever created and issued preferred stock with a distribution preference over common stock, payment of any distribution preferences of outstanding preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on our common stock. Further, holders of preferred stock are normally entitled to receive a preference payment in the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind up before any payment is made to our common stockholders, likely reducing the
amount common stockholders would otherwise receive upon such an occurrence. In addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred stock or a separate class or series of common stock may render more difficult or tend to discourage:
● A merger, tender offer or proxy contest;
● The assumption of control by a holder of a large block of our securities; and/or
● The removal of incumbent management.
The limit on the percentage of shares of our common stock that any person may own may discourage a takeover or business combination that could benefit our stockholders.
Our charter restricts the direct or indirect ownership by one person or entity to no more than 9.8% of the value of our then outstanding capital stock (which includes common stock and any preferred stock we may issue) and no more than 9.8% of the value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our then outstanding common stock. This restriction may discourage a change of control of us and may deter individuals or entities from making tender offers for shares of our common stock on terms that might be financially attractive to stockholders or which may cause a change in our management. This ownership restriction may also prohibit business combinations that would have otherwise been approved by our board of directors and our stockholders. In addition to deterring potential transactions that may be favorable to our stockholders, these provisions may also decrease our stockholders’ ability to sell their shares of our common stock.
Maryland law and our organizational documents limit our stockholders’ ability to amend our charter or terminate our company without the approval of our board of directors.
Although the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Association, or the Statement of Policy, indicates that stockholders are permitted to amend our charter or terminate our company without the necessity for concurrence by our board of directors, we are required to comply with the Maryland General Corporation Law, which provides that any amendment to our charter or any termination of our company must first be declared advisable by our board of directors. Therefore, our charter provides that stockholders may vote to authorize the amendment of our charter or the termination of our company, but only after such action has been declared advisable by our board of directors. Accordingly, the only proposals to amend our charter or to terminate our company that will be presented to our stockholders will be those that have been declared advisable by our board of directors.
Our bylaws designate the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland shall be the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders with respect to our company, our directors, our officers or our employees (we note we currently have no employees). This choice of forum provision will not apply to claims arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. Similarly, this choice of forum provision will not apply to actions arising out of, or in connection with, the sale of securities in, or the violation of the laws of, the states and U.S. territories and districts, in which our shares are sold pursuant to the offering; provided that the inapplicability of this choice of forum provision to such actions will not cause this provision to be inapplicable to other types of claims, whether they are brought concurrently with or before or after actions arising out of, or in connection with, the sale of securities in, or the violation of the laws of, the states and U.S. territories and districts in which the Issuer’s shares are sold pursuant to the offering. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that the stockholder believes is favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage meritorious claims from being asserted against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our charter inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We adopted this provision because we believe it makes it less likely that we will be forced to incur the expense of defending duplicative actions in multiple forums and less likely that plaintiffs’ attorneys will be able to employ such litigation to coerce us into otherwise unjustified settlements, and we believe the risk of a court declining to enforce this provision is remote, as the General Assembly of Maryland has specifically amended the Maryland General Corporation Law to authorize the adoption of such provisions.
RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN PROPERTY
Changes in global, national, regional or local economic, demographic, political, real estate or capital market conditions may adversely affect our results of operations and returns to our stockholders.
We are subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of property including changes in global, national, regional or local economic, demographic, political, real estate, or capital market conditions and other factors particular to the locations of the respective property investments. We are unable to predict future changes in these market conditions. For example, an economic downturn or a rise in interest rates could make it more difficult for us to lease properties or dispose of them. In addition, rising interest rates could also make alternative interest bearing and other investments more attractive and, therefore, potentially lower the relative value of our existing real estate investments.
Adverse economic and other conditions in the regions where our assets are located may adversely affect our levels of occupancy, the terms of our leases, and our ability to lease available areas, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our results of operations depend substantially on our ability to lease the areas available in the properties that we own as well as the price at which we lease such space. Adverse conditions in the regions and specific markets where we operate may reduce our ability to lease our properties, reduce occupancy levels, restrict our ability to increase rental rates and force us to lower rental rates and/or offer customer incentives. Should our assets fail to generate sufficient revenues for us to meet our obligations, our financial condition and results of operations, as well as our ability to make distributions, could be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the operating performance of our properties:
● Economic downturn and turmoil in the financial markets may preclude us from leasing our properties or increase the vacancy level of our assets;
● Periods of increased interest rates could result in, among other things, an increase in defaults by customers, a decline in our property values, and make it more difficult for us to dispose of our properties at an attractive price;
● Rising vacancy rates for commercial property, particularly in large metropolitan areas;
● Our inability to attract and maintain quality customers;
● Default or breaches by our customers of their contractual obligations;
● Increases in our operating costs, including the need for capital improvements;
● Increases in the taxes levied on our business;
● Regulatory changes affecting the real estate industry, including zoning rules; and
● Susceptibility of certain areas to natural disasters.
We anticipate that our investments in real estate assets will be concentrated in industrial properties, and the demand for industrial space in the U.S. is related to the level of economic activity. Accordingly, reduced economic activity may lead to lower occupancy and/or rental rates for our properties.
Properties that we may own or acquire that incur vacancies for a significant period of time could be difficult to sell, which could diminish the return to our stockholders.
A property may incur a vacancy either by the continued default of a customer under its lease or the expiration of the lease. We may have difficulty obtaining a new customer for any vacant space we have in our real properties, including properties we acquire with vacancies. If property vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and NAV, or result in lower cash distributions to our stockholders. In addition, because properties’ market values depend
principally upon the cash flow generated by the properties’ leases, the resale value of properties with prolonged vacancies could suffer, which could further reduce returns to our stockholders.
Risks related to the development of properties may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and returns to our stockholders.
The risk associated with development and construction activities carried out by real estate companies like ours include, among others, the following:
● Long periods of time may elapse between the commencement and the completion of our projects;
● Construction and development costs may exceed original estimates;
● The developer/builder may be unable to index costs or receivables to inflation indices prevailing in the industry;
● The level of interest of potential customers for a recently launched development may be low;
● There could be delays in obtaining necessary permits;
● The supply and availability of construction materials and equipment may decrease and the price of construction materials and equipment may increase;
● Construction and sales may not be completed on time, resulting in a cost increase;
● It may be difficult to acquire land for new developments or properties;
● Labor may be in limited availability;
● Changes in tax, real estate and zoning laws may be unfavorable to us; and
● Unforeseen environmental or other site conditions.
In addition, our reputation and the construction quality of any future real estate developments, whether operated individually or through partnerships, may be determining factors for our ability to lease space and grow. The timely delivery of real estate projects and the quality of our developments, however, will depend on certain factors beyond our full control, including the quality and timeliness of construction materials delivered to us and the technical capabilities of our contractor. If one or more problems affect our real estate developments, our reputation and future performance may be negatively affected and we may be exposed to civil liability.
Companies in the real estate industry, including us, depend on a variety of factors outside of their control to develop, build and operate real estate projects. These factors include, among others, the availability of market resources for financing, land acquisition and project development. We may be unable to obtain financing for construction and development activities under favorable terms, including but not limited to interest rates, maturity dates and/or loan to value ratios, or at all, which could cause us to delay or even abandon potential development projects. Further, any scarcity of market resources, including human capital, may decrease our development capacity due to either difficulty in obtaining credit for land acquisition or construction financing or a need to reduce the pace of our growth. The combination of these risks may adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, financial condition and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders which may adversely affect the value of our stockholders’ investment.
Delays in the acquisition, development and construction of properties or debt investments may have adverse effects on portfolio diversification, results of operations, and returns on our stockholders’ investment.
Delays we encounter in the acquisition, development and construction of properties could adversely affect our stockholders’ returns. To the extent that such disruptions continue, we may be delayed in our ability to invest our capital in property investments that meet our acquisition criteria. Such delays would result in our maintaining a relatively higher cash balance than expected, which could have a negative effect on our stockholders’ returns until the capital is invested.
In addition, where properties are acquired prior to the start of construction or during the early stages of construction, it will typically take several months or longer to complete construction, to rent available space, and for rent payments to commence. Therefore, we may not receive any income from these properties and distributions to our stockholders could suffer. Delays in the completion of construction could give customers the right to terminate preconstruction leases for space at a newly developed project. We may incur additional risks when we make periodic progress payments or other advances to builders prior to completion of construction. Each of those factors could result in increased costs of a project or loss of our investment. In addition, we will be subject to normal lease-up risks relating to newly constructed projects. Furthermore, the price we agree to pay for a property will be based on our projections of rental income and expenses and estimates of the fair market value of the property upon completion of construction. If our projections are inaccurate, we may pay too much for a property.
Changes in supply of or demand for similar properties in a particular area may increase the price of real estate assets we seek to purchase or adversely affect the value of the properties we own.
The real estate industry is subject to market forces and we are unable to predict certain market changes including changes in supply of or demand for similar properties in a particular area. For example, if demand for the types of real estate assets in which we seek to invest were to sharply increase or supply of those assets were to sharply decrease, the prices of those assets could rise significantly. Any potential purchase of an overpriced asset could decrease our rate of return on these investments and result in lower operating results and overall returns to our stockholders. Likewise, a sharp increase in supply could adversely affect leasing rates and occupancy, which could impact operating results, our NAV or overall returns to our stockholders.
Actions of joint venture partners could adversely impact our performance.
We have entered, and may continue to enter, into joint venture partnerships with third parties, including entities that are affiliated with the Advisor. We may also purchase and develop properties in joint ventures or in partnerships, co-tenancies or other co-ownership arrangements with the sellers of the properties, affiliates of the sellers, developers or other persons. Such investments may involve risks not otherwise present with a direct investment in real estate, including, for example:
● The possibility that our venture partner, co-tenant or partner in an investment might become bankrupt or otherwise be unable to meet its capital contribution obligations;
● That such venture partner, co-tenant or partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals which are or which become inconsistent with our business interests or goals;
● That such venture partner, co-tenant or partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; or
● That actions by such venture partner could adversely affect our reputation, negatively impacting our ability to conduct business.
Actions by such a joint venture partner or co-tenant, which are generally out of our control, might have the result of subjecting the property to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and may have the effect of reducing our stockholders’ returns, particularly if the joint venture agreement provides that the joint venture partner is the managing partner or otherwise maintains a controlling interest that could allow it to take actions contrary to our interests.
Under certain joint venture arrangements, neither venture partner may have the power to control the venture, and an impasse could be reached, which might have a negative influence on the joint venture and decrease potential returns to our stockholders. In the event that a venture partner has a right of first refusal to buy out the other partner, it may be unable to finance such a buy-out at that time. For example, certain actions by the joint venture partnership may require joint approval of our affiliated partners, on the one hand, and our joint venture partner, on the other hand. An impasse among the partners could result in a “deadlock event”, which could trigger a buy-sell mechanism under the partnership agreement and, under certain circumstances, could lead to a liquidation of all or a portion of the partnership’s portfolio. In such circumstances, we may also be subject to the 100% penalty tax on “prohibited transactions.” It may also be difficult for us to sell our interest in any such joint venture or partnership or as a co-customer in a particular property. In addition, to the extent that our venture partner or co-customer is an affiliate of the Advisor, certain conflicts of interest will exist.
Properties are illiquid investments and we may be unable to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions or sell a property if or when we decide to do so.
Properties are illiquid investments and we may be unable to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, the real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property.
We may also be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. There can be no assurance that we will have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements.
In acquiring a property, we may agree to restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. All of these provisions would restrict our ability to sell a property.
Our operating expenses may increase in the future and to the extent such increases cannot be passed on to our customers, our cash flow and our operating results would decrease.
Operating expenses, such as expenses for property and other taxes, fuel, utilities, labor, building materials and insurance are not fixed and may increase in the future. Furthermore, we may not be able to pass these increases on to our customers. To the extent such increases cannot be passed on to our customers, any such increases would cause our cash flow and our operating results to decrease.
We compete with numerous other parties or entities for property investments and customers and may not compete successfully.
We compete with numerous other persons or entities seeking to buy or develop real estate assets or to attract customers to properties we already own, including with entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor, which may have a negative impact on our ability to acquire real property assets or attract customers on favorable terms, if at all, and the returns on our properties. These persons or entities may have greater experience and financial strength than us. There is no assurance that we will be able to acquire or develop real estate assets or attract customers on favorable terms, if at all. For example, our competitors may be willing to offer space at rental rates below our rates, causing us to lose existing or potential customers and pressuring us to reduce our rental rates to retain existing customers or convince new customers to lease space at our properties. Similarly, the opening of new competing assets near the assets that we own may hinder our ability to renew our existing leases or to lease to new customers, because the proximity of new competitors may divert existing or new customers to such competitors. In addition, if market rental rates decline during the term of an existing lease, we may be unable to renew or find a new customer without lowering the rental rate. Each of these could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, value of our investments or ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
The operating results of the assets that we own may be impacted by our customers’ financial condition.
Our income is derived primarily from lease payments made by our customers. As such, our performance is indirectly affected by the financial results of our customers, as difficulties experienced by our customers could result in defaults in their obligations to us. Furthermore, certain of our assets may utilize leases with payments directly related to customer sales, where the amount of rent that we charge a customer is calculated as a percentage of such customer’s revenues over a fixed period of time, and a reduction in sales can reduce the amount of the lease payments required to be made to us by customers leasing space in such assets.
The financial results of our customers can depend on several factors, including but not limited to the general business environment, interest rates, inflation, the availability of credit, taxation and overall consumer confidence. An economic downturn can be expected to negatively impact all of these factors, some to a greater degree than others.
In addition, our ability to increase our revenues and operating income partially depends on steady growth of demand for the products and services offered by the customers located in the assets that we own and manage. A drop in demand, as a result of a slowdown in the U.S. and global economy or otherwise, could result in a reduction in customer performance and consequently, adversely affect us.
If we enter into long-term leases with customers, those leases may not result in market rental rates over time, which could adversely affect our revenues and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We expect that the majority of our leases will be long-term operating leases. Long-term leases, as well as leases with renewal options that specify a maximum rent increase, may not allow for market-based or significant increases in rental payments during the term of the lease. If we do not accurately judge the potential for increases in market rental rates when negotiating these long-term leases, we may have no ability to terminate those leases or to adjust the rent to then-prevailing market rates. These circumstances could negatively impact our operating results and affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Lease agreements may have specific provisions that create risks to our business and may adversely affect us.
Our lease agreements are regulated by local, municipal, state and federal laws, which may grant certain rights to customers, such as the compulsory renewal of their lease by filing lease renewal actions when certain legal conditions are met. A lease renewal action may represent two principal risks for us: (i) if we plan to vacate a given unit in order to change or adapt an asset’s mix of customers, the customer could remain in that unit by filing a lease renewal action and interfere with our strategy; and (ii) if we desire to increase the lease price for a specific unit, this increase may need to be approved in the course of a lease renewal action, and the final value could be decided at the discretion of a judge. We would then be subject to the court’s interpretation and decision, and could be forced to accept an even lower price for the lease of the unit. The compulsory renewal of our lease agreements and/or the judicial review of our lease prices may adversely affect our cash flow and our operating results.
Certain of our lease agreements are not “triple net leases,” under which the customer undertakes to pay all the expenses of maintaining the leased property, including insurance, taxes, utilities and repairs. We may be exposed to higher maintenance, tax, and property management expenses with respect to all of our leases that are not “triple net.”
Operating expenses, such as expenses for fuel, utilities, labor, building materials and insurance are not fixed and may increase in the future. There is no guarantee that we will be able to pass such increases on to our customers. To the extent such increases cannot be passed on to our customers, any such increases could negatively impact our cash flow, NAV or operating results.
We depend on the availability of public utilities and services, especially for water and electric power. Any reduction, interruption or cancellation of these services may adversely affect us.
Public utilities, especially those that provide water and electric power, are fundamental for the sound operation of our assets. The delayed delivery or any material reduction or prolonged interruption of these services could allow certain customers to terminate their leases or result in an increase in our costs, as we may be forced to use backup generators, which also could be insufficient to fully operate our facilities and could result in our inability to provide services. Accordingly, any interruption or limitation in the provision of these essential services may adversely affect us.
Our industry is subject to extensive regulation, which may result in higher expenses or other negative consequences that could adversely affect us.
Our activities are subject to federal, state and municipal laws, and to regulations, authorizations and license requirements with respect to, among other things, zoning, environmental protection and historical heritage, all of which may affect our business. We may be required to obtain licenses and permits with different governmental authorities in order to acquire and manage our assets.
In addition, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the “Dodd-Frank Act,” which generally took effect in 2011, contains a sweeping overhaul of the regulation of financial institutions and the financial markets. Key provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act require extensive rulemaking by the SEC and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, some of which remains ongoing. Thus, the full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on our business cannot be fully assessed until all final implementing rules and regulations are promulgated.
Various rules currently in effect under the Dodd-Frank Act may have a significant impact on our business, including, without limitation, provisions of the legislation that increase regulation of and disclosure requirements related to investment advisors, swap transactions and hedging policies, corporate governance and executive compensation, investor protection and enforcement provisions, and asset-backed securities. In February 2017, the U.S. President ordered the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury to review certain existing rules and regulations,
such as those promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Act; however, the implications of that review are not yet known and none of the rules and regulations promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Act have been modified or rescinded as of the date of this report.
For example, but not by way of limitation, the Dodd-Frank Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder provide for significantly increased regulation of the derivatives markets and transactions that affect our interest rate hedging activities, including: (i) regulatory reporting, (ii) subject to limited exemptions, mandated clearing through central counterparties and execution on regulated exchanges or execution facilities, and (iii) margin and collateral requirements. While the full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on our interest rate hedging activities cannot be fully assessed until all final implementing rules and regulations are promulgated, the foregoing requirements may affect our ability to enter into hedging or other risk management transactions, may increase our costs in entering into such transactions, and/or may result in us entering into such transactions on less favorable terms than prior to the effectiveness of the Dodd-Frank Act. For example, subject to an exception for “end-users” of swaps upon which we may seek to rely, we may be required to clear certain interest rate hedging transactions by submitting them to a derivatives clearing organization. To the extent we are required to clear any such transactions, we will be required to, among other things, post margin in connection with such transactions. The occurrence of any of the foregoing events may have an adverse effect on our business and on our stockholders’ return.
In addition, public authorities may enact new and more stringent standards, or interpret existing laws and regulations in a more restrictive manner, which may force companies in the real estate industry, including us, to spend funds to comply with these new rules. Any such action on the part of public authorities may adversely affect our results from operations.
In the event of noncompliance with such laws, regulations, licenses and authorizations, we may face the payment of fines, project shutdowns, cancellation of licenses, and revocation of authorizations, in addition to other civil and criminal penalties.
Our properties will be subject to property and other taxes that may increase in the future, which could adversely affect our cash flow.
Our properties will be subject to real and personal property and other taxes that may increase as tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Certain of our leases provide that the property taxes, or increases therein, are charged to the lessees as an expense related to the properties that they occupy while other leases generally provide that we are responsible for such taxes. In any case, as the owner of the properties, we are ultimately responsible for payment of the taxes to the applicable governmental authorities. If property taxes increase, our customers may be unable to make the required tax payments, ultimately requiring us to pay the taxes even if otherwise stated under the terms of the lease. If we fail to pay any such taxes, the applicable taxing authorities may place a lien on the property and the property may be subject to a tax sale. In addition, we will generally be responsible for property taxes related to any vacant space.
Uninsured losses or premiums for insurance coverage relating to property may adversely affect our operating results.
There are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters that are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Risks associated with potential acts of terrorism could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders sometimes require commercial property owners to purchase specific coverage against terrorism as a condition for providing mortgage loans. These policies may not be available at a reasonable cost, if at all, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our properties. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. Changes in the cost or availability of insurance could expose us to uninsured casualty losses. In the event that any of our properties incurs a casualty loss that is not fully covered by insurance, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such uninsured loss. In addition, we could be held liable for indemnifying possible victims of an accident. There can be no assurance that funding will be available to us for repair or reconstruction of damaged property in the future or for liability payments to accident victims.
Environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect our operating results.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of property may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages based on personal injury, natural resources or
property damage or other costs, including investigation and clean-up costs, resulting from the environmental contamination. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could give rise to a lien in favor of the government for costs it may incur to address the contamination, or otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the property or borrow using the property as collateral. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated. A property owner who violates environmental laws may be subject to sanctions which may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, private parties. In connection with the acquisition and ownership of our properties, we may be exposed to such costs. The cost of defending against environmental claims, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements or of remediating any contaminated property could materially adversely affect our business, assets or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
Environmental laws in the U.S. also require that owners or operators of buildings containing asbestos properly manage and maintain the asbestos, adequately inform or train those who may come into contact with asbestos and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, in the event that asbestos is disturbed during building renovation or demolition. These laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos. Some of our properties may contain asbestos-containing building materials.
We intend to invest in properties historically used for industrial, manufacturing and commercial purposes. Some of these properties may contain at the time of our investment, or may have contained prior to our investment, underground storage tanks for the storage of petroleum products and other hazardous or toxic substances. All of these operations create a potential for the release of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. Some of the properties that we acquire may be adjacent to or near other properties that have contained or then currently contain underground storage tanks used to store petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. In addition, certain of the properties that we acquire may be on or adjacent to or near other properties upon which others, including former owners or customers of our properties, have engaged, or may in the future engage, in activities that may release petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances.
From time to time, we may acquire properties, or interests in properties, with known adverse environmental conditions. In such an instance, we will underwrite the new anticipated costs of environmental investigation, clean-up and monitoring into the cost, as applicable. Further, in connection with property dispositions, we may agree to remain responsible for, and to bear the cost of, remediating or monitoring certain environmental conditions on the properties.
All of our properties will have been subject to a Phase I or similar environmental assessment by independent environmental consultants prior to or in connection with our acquisition of such properties. Phase I assessments are intended to discover and evaluate information regarding the environmental condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties. Phase I assessments generally include a historical review, a public records review, an investigation of the surveyed site and surrounding properties, and preparation and issuance of a written report, but do not include soil sampling or subsurface investigations and typically do not include an asbestos survey. Nonetheless, an environmental liability that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations taken as a whole, may exist at the time of acquisition or may arise in the future, with respect to any properties that we acquire. Material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns may arise after an environmental assessment has been completed. Moreover, it is possible that (i) future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose a material environmental liability or (ii) the then current environmental condition of the properties that we acquire may be affected by customers, by the condition of land or operations in the vicinity of such properties (such as releases from underground storage tanks), or by third parties unrelated to us.
Costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations may adversely affect our income and the cash available for any distributions.
All property and the operations conducted on property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. Customers’ ability to operate and to generate income to pay their lease obligations may be affected by permitting and compliance obligations arising under such laws and regulations. Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on customers, owners or operators for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. Leasing properties to customers that engage in industrial, manufacturing, and commercial activities will cause us to be subject to the risk of liabilities under environmental laws and regulations. In addition, the presence of hazardous or toxic substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings.
Some of these laws and regulations have been amended so as to require compliance with new or more stringent standards as of future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require us to incur material expenditures. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability. Additionally, our customers’ operations, the existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations with which we may be required to comply and which may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance. Any material expenditures, fines or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to make distributions.
In addition, changes in these laws and governmental regulations, or their interpretation by agencies or the courts, could occur.
The costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act may reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Investment in properties may also be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, or the “Disabilities Act.” Under this act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Act’s requirements could require us to remove access barriers and our failure to comply with the act’s requirements could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages. Any monies we use to comply with the Disabilities Act will reduce our NAV and the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may not have funding for future customer improvements which may adversely affect the value of our assets, our results of operations and returns to our stockholders.
If a customer at one of our properties does not renew its lease or otherwise vacates its space in one of our buildings, it is likely that, in order to attract one or more new customers, we will be required to expend substantial funds to construct new customer improvements in the vacated space. Substantially all of the net proceeds from our public offering will be used to acquire property, debt and other investments, and we do not anticipate that we will maintain permanent working capital reserves. We do not currently have an identified funding source to provide funds which may be required in the future for customer improvements and customer refurbishments in order to attract new customers. If we do not establish sufficient reserves for working capital or obtain adequate secured financing to supply necessary funds for capital improvements or similar expenses, we may be required to defer necessary or desirable improvements to our properties. If we defer such improvements, the applicable properties may decline in value, and it may be more difficult for us to attract or retain customers to such properties or the amount of rent we can charge at such properties may decrease. There can be no assurance that we will have any sources of funding available to us for repair or reconstruction of damaged property in the future.
Property investments made outside of the U.S. will be subject to currency rate exposure and risks associated with the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets.
We may invest outside of the U.S., most likely in Mexico or Canada, to the extent that opportunities exist that may help us meet our investment objectives. To the extent that we invest in property located outside of the U.S., in addition to risks inherent in an investment in real estate generally discussed herein, we will also be subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, changes in U.S. regulations concerning foreign investments, if any, and the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets including, but not limited to, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, political and economic instability in certain geographic locations, difficulties in managing international operations, currency exchange controls, potentially adverse tax consequences, additional accounting and control expenses and the administrative burden associated with complying with a wide variety of foreign laws. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely impact the fair values and earnings streams of our international holdings and therefore the returns on our non-dollar denominated investments. Although we may hedge our foreign currency risk subject to the REIT income qualification tests, we may not be able to do so successfully and may incur losses on these investments as a result of exchange rate fluctuations.
RISKS RELATED TO DEBT FINANCING
We intend to continue to incur mortgage indebtedness, corporate indebtedness and other borrowings, which may increase our business risks, and could hinder our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $2.3 billion of consolidated indebtedness outstanding. We intend to continue to finance a portion of the purchase price of our investments by borrowing funds. Under our charter, we have a limitation on borrowing which precludes us from borrowing in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets, provided that we may exceed this limit if a higher level of borrowing is approved by a majority of our independent directors. Net assets for purposes of this calculation are defined to be our total assets (other than intangibles), valued at cost prior to deducting depreciation, reserves for bad debts or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities. Generally speaking, the preceding limitation provides for borrowings of up to 75% of the aggregate cost of our real estate assets before non-cash reserves and depreciation. In addition, we may incur mortgage debt and pledge some or all of our properties or other assets as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire additional property, debt or other investments. We may also borrow funds to make distributions, to redeem securities, to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements or for any working capital purposes. Furthermore, we may borrow if we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
High debt levels will cause us to incur higher interest charges, which would result in higher debt service payments and could be accompanied by restrictive covenants. If there is a shortfall between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt on that property, then the amount available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, thus reducing the value of our stockholders’ investment. For tax purposes, a foreclosure on any of our properties will be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we will recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but we would not receive any cash proceeds. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders. When we give a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any mortgage contains cross collateralization or cross default provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple properties. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.
We may not be able to obtain debt financing necessary to run our business.
We do not anticipate that we will maintain any permanent working capital reserves. Accordingly, we expect to need to borrow capital for acquisitions, the improvement of our properties, and for other purposes. Under current or future market conditions, we may not be able to borrow all of the funds we may need. If we cannot obtain debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, our ability to acquire new investments to expand our operations will be adversely affected. As a result, we would be less able to achieve our investment objectives, which may negatively impact our results of operations and reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Increases in mortgage interest rates and/or unfavorable changes in other financing terms may make it more difficult for us to finance or refinance properties, which could reduce the number of properties we can acquire and the amount of cash distributions we can make to our stockholders.
If mortgage or corporate debt is unavailable on reasonable terms as a result of increased interest rates, increased credit spreads, decreased liquidity or other factors, we may not be able to finance the initial purchase of properties. In addition, when we incur debt, we run the risk of being unable to refinance such debt when the loans come due, or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher or other financing terms, such as principal amortization, are not as favorable when we refinance debt, our income could be reduced. We may be unable to refinance debt at appropriate times, which may require us to sell properties on terms that are not advantageous to us, or, with respect to mortgage debt could result in the foreclosure of such properties. If any of these events occur, our cash flow would be reduced. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and may hinder our ability to raise more capital by issuing securities or by borrowing more money.
Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our debt payments and therefore negatively impact our operating results.
Our debt may be subject to the fluctuation of market interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), Prime rate, and other benchmark rates. Should such interest rates increase, our debt payments may also increase, reducing cash available for distributions. Furthermore, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments at times which may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments. Additionally, as it relates to any real estate assets that we may own, an increase in interest rates may negatively impact activity in the consumer market and reduce consumer purchases, which could adversely affect us.
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants that relate to or otherwise limit our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, to replace the Advisor or to otherwise achieve our investment objectives.
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage property, discontinue insurance coverage, or make distributions under certain circumstances. In addition, provisions of our loan documents may deter us from replacing the Advisor because of the consequences under such agreements and may limit our ability to replace the property manager or terminate certain operating or lease agreements related to the property. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Risks related to floating rate indebtedness rates could increase the amount of our debt payments and therefore negatively impact our operating results.
Borrowings under our line of credit and portions of our borrowings under our term loan are, and certain of our future debt may be, subject to the fluctuation of market interest rates such as the LIBOR, Prime rate, and other benchmark rates. Should such interest rates increase, our debt payments may also increase, reducing cash available for distributions. Furthermore, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments at times which may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments. Additionally, as it relates to any real estate assets that we may own, an increase in interest rates may negatively impact activity in the consumer market and reduce consumer purchases, which could adversely affect us.
Furthermore, U.S. and international regulators and law enforcement agencies have conducted investigations into a number of rates or indices which are deemed to be “reference rates.” Actions by such regulators and law enforcement agencies may result in changes to the manner in which certain reference rates are determined, their discontinuance, or the establishment of alternative reference rates. On November 30, 2020, U.S. and UK regulators and the Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, made a series of announcements regarding the end of U.S. Dollar (USD) LIBOR. Collectively, these announcements call for no new LIBOR contracts after December 31, 2021, while giving legacy contracts sufficient time to wind-down, in that LIBOR (other than one-week and two-month LIBOR, which are rarely used) will be available for legacy contracts until June 30, 2023. As a result, we do not intend to use LIBOR as a reference rate in any of our debt agreements entered into after December 31, 2021.
At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect that these developments, the discontinuance of LIBOR, or the discontinuation, modification or other reforms to any other reference rate, or the establishment of alternative reference rates may have on our floating rate indebtedness. The use of alternative reference rates or other reforms could cause the interest rates for our floating rate indebtedness to be materially higher than expected.
We may enter into financing arrangements that require us to use and pledge offering proceeds to secure and repay such borrowings, and such arrangements may adversely affect our ability to make investments and operate our business.
We may enter into financing arrangements that require us to use and pledge future proceeds from our public offering or future offerings, if any, to secure and repay such borrowings. Such arrangements may cause us to have less proceeds available to make investments or otherwise operate our business, which may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
We may enter into financing arrangements involving balloon payment obligations, which may adversely affect our ability to refinance or sell properties on favorable terms, and to make distributions to our stockholders.
Some of our financing arrangements may require us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. Our ability to make a balloon payment at maturity will be uncertain and may depend upon our ability to obtain additional financing or our ability to sell the particular property. At the time the balloon payment is due, we may or may not be able to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original loan or sell the particular property at a price sufficient to make the balloon payment. The effect of a refinancing or sale could affect the rate of return to our stockholders and the projected time of disposition of our assets. In an environment of increasing mortgage rates, if we place mortgage debt on properties, we run the risk of being unable to refinance such debt if mortgage rates are higher at a time a balloon payment is due. In addition, payments of principal and interest made to service our debts, including balloon payments, may leave us with insufficient cash to pay the distributions that we are required to pay to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
The derivative instruments that we may use to hedge against interest rate fluctuations may not be successful in mitigating our risks associated with interest rates and could reduce the overall returns on our stockholders’ investment.
We may use derivative instruments to hedge exposure to changes in interest rates on certain of our variable rate loans, but no hedging strategy can protect us completely. We cannot assure our stockholders that our hedging strategy and the derivatives that we use will adequately offset the risk of interest rate volatility or that our hedging of these transactions will not result in losses. Any settlement charges incurred to terminate unused derivative instruments may result in increased interest expense, which may reduce the overall return on our investments. These instruments may also generate income that may not be treated as qualifying REIT income for purposes of the 75% or 95% REIT income tests.
Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Subject to any limitations required to maintain qualification as a REIT, we manage or may seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements, such as interest rate cap or collar agreements and interest rate swap agreements. These agreements involve risks, such as the risk that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements and that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes. These interest rate hedging arrangements may create additional assets or liabilities from time to time that may be held or liquidated separately from the underlying property or loan for which they were originally established. Hedging may reduce the overall returns on our investments. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We assume the risk that our credit facility lenders may not honor their commitments to us.
We may enter into credit facility arrangements with lenders pursuant to which, subject to certain conditions, they commit to lend us money, provide us with letters of credit or provide other financial services to us. If we fail to comply with the covenants in such arrangements, the lenders could declare us in default, accelerate the maturities of our borrowings and refuse to make loans or provide other financial services to us. Or, if a lender becomes unable or unwilling to honor its commitments to us, we may not receive the loans and other financial services for which we negotiated. In such a situation, a replacement lender may be difficult or impossible to find quickly or at all. If we are unable to receive loans and other financial services, our liquidity and business could be negatively impacted.
RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE-RELATED DEBT AND SECURITIES
The mortgage loans in which we may invest will be subject to the risk of delinquency, foreclosure and loss, which could result in losses to us.
Commercial mortgage loans are secured by commercial property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure and risks of loss. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by a property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an income producing property can be affected by, among other things: customer mix, success of customer businesses, property management decisions, property location and condition, competition from comparable types of properties, changes in laws that increase operating expenses or limit rents that may be charged, any need to address environmental contamination at the property, the occurrence of any uninsured casualty at the property, changes in national,
regional or local economic conditions and/or specific industry segments, current and potential future capital markets uncertainty, declines in regional or local real estate values, declines in regional or local rental or occupancy rates, increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses, changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including environmental legislation, acts of God, terrorism, social unrest and civil disturbances.
In the event of any default under a mortgage loan held directly by us, we will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any realized deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and limit amounts available for distribution to our stockholders. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage loan borrower, the mortgage loan to such borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the mortgage loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. Foreclosure of a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process, which could have a substantial adverse effect on our anticipated return on the foreclosed mortgage loan. In addition, if we foreclose on a particular property, we could become, as owner of the property, subject to liabilities associated with such property, including liabilities related to taxes and environmental matters.
The mezzanine loans, B-notes, and other junior financings in which we may invest would involve greater risks of loss than senior loans secured by income-producing properties.
We may invest in mezzanine loans, B-notes, and other junior financings that substantially take the form of subordinated loans secured by second mortgages on the underlying property or loans secured by a pledge of the ownership interests of either the entity owning the property or the entity that owns the interest in the entity owning the property. These types of investments involve a higher degree of risk than senior mortgage lending secured by income producing property because the investment may become unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. In the event of a bankruptcy of the entity providing the pledge of its ownership interests as security, we may not have full recourse to the assets of such entity, or the assets of the entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our mezzanine loan in whole or in part. In addition, there may be significant delays and costs associated with the process of foreclosing on collateral securing or supporting these investments. If a borrower defaults on our mezzanine loan or debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our mezzanine loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment. In addition, mezzanine loans may have higher loan-to-value ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of loss of principal. Further, even if we are successful in foreclosing on the equity interests serving as collateral for certain mezzanine loans, such foreclosure could result in us inheriting all of the liabilities of the underlying mortgage borrower, including the senior mortgage on the applicable property. This may result in both increased costs to us and a negative impact on our overall debt covenants and occupancy levels. In many cases a significant restructuring of the senior mortgage may be required in order for us to be willing to retain longer term ownership of the property. If we are unsuccessful in restructuring the underlying mortgage debt in these scenarios, the mortgage lender ultimately may foreclose on the property causing us to lose any of our remaining investment.
The B-notes in which we may invest may be subject to additional risks relating to the privately negotiated structure and terms of the transaction, which may result in losses to us.
We may invest in B-notes. A B-note is a mortgage loan typically (i) secured by a first mortgage on a single large commercial property or group of related properties and (ii) subordinated to an A-note secured by the same first mortgage on the same collateral. As a result, if a borrower defaults, there may not be sufficient funds remaining for B-note holders after payment to the A-note holders. Since each transaction is privately negotiated, B-notes can vary in their structural characteristics and risks. For example, the rights of holders of B-notes to control the process following a borrower default may be limited in certain B-note investments, particularly in situations where the A-note holders have the right to trigger an appraisal process pursuant to which control would shift from the holder of the B-note when it is determined, for instance, that a significant portion of the B-note is unlikely to be recovered. We cannot predict the terms of each B-note investment. Further, B-notes typically are secured by a single property, and, as a result, reflect the increased risks associated with a single property compared to a pool of properties. Our ownership of a B-note with controlling class rights may, in the event the financing fails to perform according to its terms, cause us to elect to pursue our remedies as owner of the B-note, which may include foreclosure on, or modification of, the note or the need to acquire or payoff the A-note. Acquiring or paying off the A-note could require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash to be able to do so.
Bridge loans may involve a greater risk of loss than conventional mortgage loans.
We may provide bridge loans secured by first lien mortgages on properties to borrowers who are typically seeking short-term capital to be used in an acquisition, development or refinancing of real estate. The borrower may have identified an undervalued asset that has been undermanaged or is located in a recovering market. If the market in which the asset is located fails to recover according to the borrower’s projections, or if the borrower fails to improve the quality of the asset’s management or the value of the asset, the borrower may not receive a sufficient return on the asset to satisfy the bridge loan, and we may not recover some or all of our investment.
In addition, owners usually borrow funds under a conventional mortgage loan to repay a bridge loan. We may, therefore, be dependent on a borrower’s ability to obtain permanent financing to repay our bridge loan, which could depend on market conditions and other factors. Bridge loans, like other loans secured directly or indirectly by property, are subject to risks of borrower defaults, bankruptcies, fraud, losses and special hazard losses that are not covered by standard hazard insurance. In the event of any default under bridge loans held by us, we bear the risk of loss of principal and nonpayment of interest and fees to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the mortgage collateral and the principal amount of the bridge loan. Any such losses with respect to our investments in bridge loans could have an adverse effect on our NAV, results of operations and financial condition.
Investment in non-conforming and non-investment grade loans may involve increased risk of loss.
Loans we may acquire or originate may not conform to conventional loan criteria applied by traditional lenders and may not be rated or may be rated as non-investment grade. Non-investment grade ratings for these loans typically result from the overall leverage of the loans, the lack of a strong operating history for the properties underlying the loans, the borrowers’ credit history, the properties’ underlying cash flow or other factors. As a result, loans we acquire or originate may have a higher risk of default and loss than conventional loans. Any loss we incur may reduce distributions to stockholders and adversely affect our value.
Risks of cost overruns and non-completion of the construction or renovation of the properties underlying loans we make or acquire may materially adversely affect our investment.
The renovation, refurbishment or expansion by a borrower of a mortgaged or leveraged property involves risks of cost overruns and non-completion. Costs of construction or improvements to bring a property up to standards established for the market intended for that property may exceed original estimates, possibly making a project uneconomical. Other risks may include: environmental risks, permitting risks, other construction risks and subsequent leasing of the property not being completed on schedule or at projected rental rates. If such construction or renovation is not completed in a timely manner, or if it costs more than expected, the borrower may experience a prolonged impairment of net operating income and may not be able to make payments of interest or principal to us.
Interest rate fluctuations and changes in prepayment rates could cause the value of our debt investments to decrease or could reduce our ability to generate income from such investments.
Interest rate risk is the risk that debt investments will decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. Generally, when market interest rates rise, the market value of such investments will decline, and vice versa. Accordingly, the yield on our debt investments may be sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates and corresponding changes in prepayment rates. Therefore, changes in interest rates may affect our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning investments and the interest expense we incur in financing these investments. Interest rate fluctuations could also cause a borrower to prepay a mortgage loan more quickly than we expect, which could lead to our expected return on the investment being adversely affected.
Our debt investments may be considered illiquid and we may not be able to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions.
The debt investments we may make in connection with privately negotiated transactions may not be registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a prohibition against their transfer, sale, pledge or other disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the registration requirements of, or is otherwise registered in accordance with, those laws. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited. The mezzanine, B-note and bridge loans we may originate or purchase in the future may be particularly illiquid investments due to their short life, their unsuitability for securitization and the greater difficulty of recovery in the event of a borrower’s default.
Delays in liquidating defaulted loans could reduce our investment returns.
If there are defaults under mortgage or other types of loans that we make, we may not be able to repossess and sell the underlying properties or equity collateral quickly. The resulting time delay could reduce the value of our investment in the defaulted loans. An action to foreclose on a property securing a loan is regulated by state statutes and regulations and is subject to many of the delays and expenses of other lawsuits if the defendant raises defenses or counterclaims. In the event of default by a mortgagor or other borrower, these restrictions, among other things, may impede our ability to foreclose on or sell the mortgaged property or other equity collateral or to obtain proceeds sufficient to repay all amounts due to us on the mortgage or other type of loan.
We may make investments in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities, which will be subject to currency rate exposure and risks associated with the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets.
Some of our real estate-related securities may be denominated in foreign currencies and, therefore, we expect to have currency risk exposure to any such foreign currencies. A change in foreign currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on returns on our non-U.S. dollar denominated investments. Although we may hedge our foreign currency risk subject to the REIT income qualification tests, we may not be able to do so successfully and may incur losses on these investments as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. To the extent that we invest in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities, in addition to risks inherent in this investment in securities as generally discussed herein, we will also be subject to risks associated with the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets including, but not limited to, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, political and economic instability in certain geographic locations, difficulties in managing international operations, currency exchange controls, potentially adverse tax consequences, additional accounting and control expenses and the administrative burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws.
Investments in real estate-related debt securities are subject to risks including various creditor risks and early redemption features which may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The debt securities and other interests in which we may invest may include secured or unsecured debt at various levels of an issuer’s capital structure. The debt securities in which we may invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may be illiquid or have limited liquidity, and may not be rated by a credit rating agency. Debt securities are also subject to other creditor risks, including (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance” under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) so-called lender liability claims by the issuer of the obligation and (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Our investments may be subject to early redemption features, refinancing options, pre-payment options or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the issuer repaying the principal on an obligation held by us earlier than expected, resulting in a lower return to us than anticipated or reinvesting in a new obligation at a lower return to us.
We will depend on debtors for our revenue, and, accordingly, our revenue and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders will be dependent upon the success and economic viability of such debtors.
The success of our real estate-related investments will materially depend on the financial stability of the debtors underlying such investments. The inability of a single major debtor or a number of smaller debtors to meet their payment obligations could result in reduced revenue or losses. In the event of a debtor default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as a creditor, and such rights may be subordinated to the rights of other creditors. These events could negatively affect the cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may invest in real estate-related preferred equity securities, which may involve a greater risk of loss than traditional debt financing.
We may invest in real estate-related preferred equity securities, which are currently volatile and which securities may involve a higher degree of risk than traditional debt financing due to a variety of factors, including that such investments are subordinate to traditional loans and are not secured. Furthermore, should the issuer default on our investment, we would only be able to proceed against the entity in which we have an interest, and not the property owned by such entity and underlying our investment. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment. Since there may be a number of debt obligations that have priority over our preferred stock investment, any determination by us to cure defaults could be costly and we may not have the cash to be able to do so. If we become the equity owner of the issuer, we would be responsible for other liabilities of the issuer, including liabilities relating to taxes and environmental matters.
Investments in real estate-related securities will be subject to specific risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities and may be subject to the general risks of investing in subordinated real estate-related securities.
We may invest in real estate-related securities and our investments may consist of real estate related common equity, preferred equity and debt securities of both publicly traded and private real estate companies. Our investments in such real estate related securities will involve special risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities, including the financial condition and business outlook of the issuer. Issuers of real estate related securities generally invest in real estate or real estate related assets and are subject to the inherent risks associated with real estate related debt investments discussed herein.
The value of real estate-related securities, including those of publicly listed REITs, fluctuates in response to issuer, political, market and economic developments. For example, equity markets are experiencing significant disruption as a result of the outbreak of COVID-19. In the short term, equity prices can fluctuate dramatically in response to these developments. Different parts of the market and different types of equity securities can react differently to these developments and they can affect a single issuer, multiple issuers within an industry, the economic sector or geographic region, or the market as a whole. The real estate industry is sensitive to economic downturns. The value of securities of companies engaged in real estate activities can be affected by changes in real estate values and rental income, property taxes, interest rates and tax and regulatory requirements. Downturns in equity and debt markets, such as the one we are currently experiencing, will significantly impact the value of our real-estate related securities.
Real estate related securities may be unsecured and subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. As a result, investments in real estate related securities are subject to risks of (i) limited liquidity in the secondary trading, (ii) substantial market price volatility, (iii) subordination to prior claims of banks and other senior lenders of the issuer and preferred equity holders (iv) the operation of mandatory sinking fund or call/redemption provisions during periods of declining interest rates that could cause the issuer to reinvest redemption proceeds in lower yielding assets, (v) the possibility that earnings of the issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service and distribution obligations and (iv) the declining creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the issuer during periods of rising interest rates and economic downturn. These risks may adversely affect the value of outstanding real estate related securities and the ability of the issuers thereof to pay dividends.
RISKS RELATED TO THE ADVISOR AND ITS AFFILIATES
Our Advisor faces conflicts of interest because certain of the fees it receives for services performed are based on our NAV, the procedures for which the Advisor will assist our board of directors in developing, overseeing, implementing and coordinating.
The Advisor assists our board of directors in developing, overseeing, implementing and coordinating our NAV procedures. It will assist our Independent Valuation Advisor in valuing our real property portfolio by providing the firm with property-level information, including (i) historical and projected operating revenues and expenses of the property; (ii) lease agreements on the property; and (iii) the revenues and expenses of the property. Our Independent Valuation Advisor assumes and relies upon the accuracy and completeness of all such information, does not undertake any duty or responsibility to verify independently any of such information and relies upon us and our Advisor to advise if any material information previously provided becomes inaccurate or was required to be updated during the period of its review. In addition, the Advisor may have some discretion with respect to valuations of certain assets and liabilities, which could affect our NAV. Because the Advisor is paid certain fees for its services based on our NAV, the Advisor could be motivated to influence our NAV and NAV procedures such that they result in an NAV exceeding realizable value, due to the impact of higher valuations on the compensation to be received by the Advisor. If our NAV is calculated in a way that is not reflective of our actual NAV, then the purchase price of shares of our common stock on a given date may not accurately reflect the value of our portfolio, and our stockholder’s shares may be worth less than the purchase price.
Advisory fees may not create proper incentives or may induce the Advisor and its affiliates to make certain investments, including speculative investments, that increase the risk of our real estate portfolio.
The advisory fees we pay the Advisor are made up of a fixed component and a performance component. We will pay the Advisor the fixed component regardless of the performance of our portfolio. The Advisor’s entitlement to the fixed component, which is not based upon performance metrics or goals, might reduce its incentive to devote its time and effort to seeking investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted returns for our portfolio. We will be required to pay the Advisor the fixed component in a particular period despite experiencing a net loss or a decline in the value of our portfolio during that period. The performance component, which is based on our total distributions plus the change in NAV per share, may create an incentive for the Advisor to make riskier or more speculative
investments on our behalf than it would otherwise make in the absence of such performance-based compensation. Because the performance component is based on our NAV, the Advisor may be motivated to accelerate acquisitions in order to increase NAV or, similarly, delay or curtail dispositions of assets or share redemptions to maintain a higher NAV, which would, in each case, increase amounts payable to the Advisor.
The Advisor’s management personnel, other employees and affiliates face conflicts of interest relating to time management and, accordingly, the Advisor’s management personnel, other employees and affiliates may not be able to devote significant time to our business activities and the Advisor may not be able to hire adequate additional employees.
All of the Advisor’s management personnel, other personnel, affiliates and related parties may also provide services to other Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties. We are not able to estimate the amount of time that such management personnel, other personnel, affiliates and related parties will devote to our business. As a result, the Advisor’s management personnel, other personnel, affiliates and related parties may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between our business and their other activities, which may include advising and managing various other real estate programs and ventures, which may be numerous and may change as programs are closed or new programs are formed. During times of significant activity in other programs and ventures, the time they devote to our business may decline. Accordingly, there is a risk that the Advisor’s affiliates and related parties may not devote significant time to our business activities and the Advisor may not be able to hire adequate additional personnel.
The Advisor and its affiliates, including our officers and two of our directors, face conflicts of interest caused by compensation arrangements with us, and other entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of our Sponsor, which could result in actions that are not in our stockholders’ best interests.
Some of our executive officers, two of our directors and other key personnel are also officers, directors, managers, and key personnel in the Advisor, the Dealer Manager and/or other entities related to our Sponsor. Our Advisor and its affiliates receive substantial fees from us in return for their services and these fees could influence their advice to us. Among other matters, the compensation arrangements could affect their judgment with respect to:
● the continuation, renewal or enforcement of our agreements with the Advisor and its affiliates, including the Advisory Agreement and the agreement with the Dealer Manager;
● recommendations to our board of directors with respect to developing, overseeing, implementing and coordinating our NAV procedures, or the decision to adjust the value of certain of our assets or liabilities if the Advisor is responsible for valuing them;
● public offerings of equity by us, which may result in increased fees for the Advisor and other related parties;
● competition for customers from entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of our Sponsor that own properties in the same geographic area as us; and
● investments through joint ventures or other co-ownership arrangements, which may result in increased fees for the Advisor.
We will be responsible for our proportionate share of certain fees and expenses, including due diligence costs, as determined by our Advisor, including legal, accounting and financial advisor fees and related costs, incurred in connection with evaluating and consummating investment opportunities, regardless of whether such transactions are ultimately consummated by the parties thereto.
In addition, we reimburse the Advisor and its affiliates for the salaries and other compensation of its personnel in accordance with the Advisory Agreement based on the percentage of such personnel’s time spent on our affairs. Pursuant to the terms of our Advisory Agreement, we reimburse our Advisor and its affiliates for personnel (and related employment) costs and overhead (including, but not limited to, allocated rent paid, equipment, utilities, insurance, travel and entertainment, and other costs) incurred by the Advisor or its affiliates in performing the services under the Advisory Agreement, including, but not limited to, total compensation, benefits and other overhead of all employees involved in the performance of such services; provided, that we will not reimburse the Advisor or its affiliates for services for which the Advisor or its affiliates are entitled to compensation in the form of a separate fee.
Considerations relating to compensation to our Advisor and its affiliates from us and other entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of our Sponsor could result in decisions that are not in our stockholders’ best interests, which could hurt our ability to pay our stockholders distributions or result in a decline in the value of our stockholders’ investment. Conflicts of interest such as those described above have contributed to stockholder litigation against certain other externally managed REITs that are not affiliated with our Advisor or the Sponsor.
Our Advisor may manage other investment vehicles (including public, non-listed REITs) that have investment objectives that compete or overlap with, and may from time to time invest in, our target asset classes.
Affiliates of our Advisor may manage other investment vehicles (including public, non-listed REITs) that have investment objectives that compete or overlap with, and may from time to time invest in, our target asset classes. This may apply to existing investment vehicles or investment vehicles that may be organized, or with respect to which affiliates of our Advisor may acquire and assume the role of management in the future. Consequently, we, on the one hand, and these other investment vehicles, on the other hand, may from time to time pursue the same or similar investment opportunities. To the extent such existing vehicles or other future investment vehicles managed by our Advisor or its affiliates seek to acquire the same target assets as our Company, the scope of opportunities otherwise available to us may be adversely affected and/or reduced. Our Advisor or its affiliates may also give advice to investment vehicles managed by our Advisor or its affiliates that may differ from the advice given to us even though their investment objectives may be the same or similar to ours.
The time and resources that Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties devote to us may be diverted and we may face additional competition due to the fact that Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties are not prohibited from raising money for another entity that makes the same types of investments that we target.
Sponsor affiliated entities and related parties are not prohibited from raising money for another investment entity that makes the same types of investments as those we target. As a result, the time and resources they could devote to us may be diverted. For example, the Dealer Manager is currently involved in separate public offerings for one other entity sponsored by the Sponsor. In addition, we may compete with other entities sponsored or advised by the Sponsor or affiliates of the Sponsor for the same investors and investment opportunities.
We may co-invest or joint venture an investment with a Sponsor affiliated entity or related party.
We have entered into and in the future may enter into additional joint ventures, co-investment or other arrangements with affiliates of the Sponsor or entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor to acquire, develop and/or manage property, debt and other investments. Such investments may raise potential conflicts of interest between us and such other investment vehicles managed by our Advisor or its affiliates, including determining which of such entities should enter into any particular joint venture, co-investment or other arrangement agreement. Joint venture, co-investment or other arrangement partners affiliated with the Advisor or sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor may have economic or business interests or goals which are or that may become inconsistent with our business interests or goals. In addition, should any such joint venture, co-investment or other arrangement be consummated, the Advisor and its affiliates may face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interests of other parties, in managing the joint venture, co-investment or other arrangement, and in resolving any conflicts or exercising any rights in connection with the joint venture, co-investment or other arrangement. Since the Advisor will make various decisions on our behalf, agreements and transactions between us and the Advisor’s affiliates or entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor will not have the benefit of arm’s-length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties. Furthermore, when such other investment vehicles managed by our Advisor or its affiliates have interests or requirements that do not align with our interests, including differing liquidity needs or desired investment horizons, conflicts may arise in the manner in which any voting or control rights are exercised with respect to the relevant investment, potentially resulting in an adverse impact on us. We may enter into joint ventures with affiliates of the Sponsor or entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Sponsor for the acquisition of investments, but only if (i) a majority of our directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, including a majority of the independent directors, approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us and (ii) the investment by us and such affiliate are on terms and conditions that are no less favorable than those that would be available to unaffiliated parties.
With respect to any joint venture, we may enter into an advisory or sub-advisory agreement with an affiliate of the Advisor. We may also enter into arrangements with the Advisor in which the Advisor receives fees (directly or indirectly, including through a subsidiary of ours) from the joint venture entity or from the joint venture partner. Fees received from joint venture entities or partners and paid, directly or
indirectly (including without limitation, through us or our subsidiaries), to the Advisor may be more or less than similar fees that we pay to the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement.
In addition, the Advisor may, with respect to any investment in which we are a participant, also render advice and service to others in that investment, and earn fees for rendering such advice and service. Specifically, it is contemplated that we may enter into joint venture or other similar co-investment arrangements with certain individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, joint ventures, limited liability companies or other entities, with respect to which the Advisor or one of its affiliates may be engaged to provide advice and service to such individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, joint ventures, limited liability companies or other entities. The Advisor or its affiliate will earn fees for rendering such advice and service pursuant to the agreements governing such joint ventures or arrangements.
We may invest in, acquire, sell assets to or provide financing to investment vehicles managed by our Advisor or its affiliates.
We may invest in, acquire, sell assets to or provide financing to investment vehicles managed by our Advisor or its affiliates and their portfolio companies or purchase assets from, sell assets to, or arrange financing from any such investment vehicles and their portfolio companies. Any such transactions will require approval by a majority of our independent directors. There can be no assurance that any procedural protections will be sufficient to ensure that these transactions will be made on terms that will be at least as favorable to us as those that would have been obtained in an arm’s-length transaction.
We depend on the Advisor and its key personnel; if any of such key personnel were to cease employment with the Advisor or its affiliates, our business could suffer.
Our ability to make distributions and achieve our investment objectives is dependent upon the performance of the Advisor in the acquisition, disposition and management of our investments, the selection of customers for our properties, the determination of any financing arrangements and other factors. In addition, our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of certain of the Advisor’s key personnel, including, in alphabetical order, William Benjamin, Rajat Dhanda, David M. Fazekas, Andrea L. Karp, Brian R. Lange, Thomas G. McGonagle, Dwight L. Merriman III, Lainie P. Minnick, James R. Mulvihill, Taylor M. Paul, Scott W. Recknor, David Roth, Scott A. Seager, Jeffrey W. Taylor, Joshua J. Widoff and Evan H. Zucker, each of whom would be difficult to replace. We currently do not have, nor do we expect to obtain, key man life insurance on any of the Advisor’s key personnel. If the Advisor were to lose the benefit of the experience, efforts and abilities of one or more of these individuals through their resignation, retirement, or due to an internalization transaction effected by another investment program sponsored by the Sponsor or its affiliates, or due to such individual or individuals becoming otherwise unavailable because of other activities on behalf of the Sponsor or its affiliates, our operating results could suffer.
Our Advisor is subject to extensive regulation as an investment adviser, which could adversely affect its ability to manage our business.
Our Advisor is subject to regulation as an investment adviser by various regulatory authorities that are charged with protecting the interests of its clients, including us. Instances of criminal activity and fraud by participants in the investment management industry and disclosures of trading and other abuses by participants in the financial services industry have led the United States Government and regulators to increase the rules and regulations governing, and oversight of, the United States financial system. This activity resulted in changes to the laws and regulations governing the investment management industry and more aggressive enforcement of the existing laws and regulations. Our Advisor could be subject to civil liability, criminal liability, or sanction, including revocation of its registration as an investment adviser, revocation of the licenses of its employees, censures, fines, or temporary suspension or permanent bar from conducting business, if it is found to have violated any of these laws or regulations. Any such liability or sanction could adversely affect our Advisor’s ability to manage our business. Our Advisor must continually address conflicts between its interests and those of its clients, including us. In addition, the SEC and other regulators have increased their scrutiny of potential conflicts of interest. Our Advisor has procedures and controls that are reasonably designed to address these issues. However, appropriately dealing with conflicts of interest is complex and difficult and if our Advisor fails, or appears to fail, to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest, it could face litigation or regulatory proceedings or penalties, any of which could adversely affect its ability to manage our business.
The fees we pay to entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of our Sponsor in connection with our offerings of securities and in connection with the management of our investments were not determined on an arm’s-length basis, and therefore, we do not have the benefit of arm’s-length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties.
The Advisor, affiliates of the Advisor and the Dealer Manager have earned and will continue to earn fees, performance allocations, commissions and expense reimbursements from us. The fees, performance allocations, commissions and expense reimbursements paid and to be paid to the Advisor, affiliates of the Advisor and the Dealer Manager for services they provided us in connection with past offerings and in connection with our public offering were not determined on an arm’s-length basis. As a result, the fees have been determined without the benefit of arm’s-length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties.
We compete with entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Advisor, for whom affiliates of the Advisor provide certain advisory or management services, for opportunities to acquire, lease, finance, or sell investments, and for customers, which may have an adverse impact on our operations.
We compete with entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Advisor and may compete with any such entity created in the future, as well as entities for whom affiliates of the Advisor provide certain advisory or management services, for opportunities to acquire, lease, finance or sell certain types of properties. We may also buy, lease, finance or sell properties at the same time as these entities are buying, leasing, financing or selling properties. In this regard, there is a risk that we will purchase or lend on a property that provides lower returns to us than a property purchased or lent on by entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Advisor and entities for whom affiliates of the Advisor provide certain advisory or management services. Certain entities sponsored or advised by affiliates of the Advisor own and/or manage properties in geographical areas in which we expect to own properties. Therefore, our properties may compete for customers with other properties owned and/or managed by these entities. The Advisor may face conflicts of interest when evaluating customer leasing opportunities for our properties and other properties owned and/or managed by these entities and these conflicts of interest may have a negative impact on our ability to attract and retain customers.
The Advisor has implemented lease allocation guidelines to assist with the process of the allocation of leases when we and certain other entities to which affiliates of the Advisor are providing certain advisory services have potentially competing properties with respect to a particular customer. These guidelines, are designed to allow, where possible, each fund with a potentially competing property to bid on a lease with a prospective customer in a fair and equitable manner.
Because affiliates of the Advisor currently sponsor and advise, and in the future may sponsor and advise, other investment vehicles and clients (each, an “Advisory Client”) with overlapping investment objectives, strategies and criteria, potential conflicts of interest may arise with respect to real estate investment opportunities. In order to manage this potential conflict of interest, in allocating opportunities among the Advisory Clients, the Advisor follows an allocation policy (the “Allocation Policy”) which endeavors to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner. The Advisor’s Allocation Policy, which may be amended without consent, is intended to enable us to share equitably with any other Advisory Clients that are managed by the Advisor and competing with us to acquire similar types of assets.
Under the Allocation Policy, real estate investments will be considered for Advisory Clients based on appropriateness and conformity with their respective investment objectives, as well as the suitability of the investment for each Advisory Client. Suitability is determined by a variety of factors related to the investment mandates of each Advisory Client, the nature of the investment opportunity and the composition of each client’s portfolio. In the circumstance where an investment is suitable for only one Advisory Client based on such factors, the investment will be allocated to that Advisory Client. Where an investment is suitable for more than one Advisory Client, the Advisor generally employs an allocation rotation process pursuant to the Allocation Policy that is designed to facilitate an equitable allocation of such opportunities over time. Nevertheless, it is possible that we may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by Advisory Clients managed by affiliates of the Advisor. In addition, the Advisor may from time to time limit the number of positions in a rotation and/or grant to certain Advisory Clients certain exclusivity, rotation or other priority (each, a “Rotational Priority”) with respect to industrial investments or other investment opportunities. Current existing Rotational Priorities have been granted to certain of the Advisor’s industrial real estate funds which ensure them a minimum number of opportunities (e.g., one out of every three) in each core, value-add and development rotation. This means that, depending on the number of Advisory Clients and number of positions in each such rotation and/or the Rotational Priorities that have been granted, we may be offered less investment opportunities. The Advisor or its affiliates may grant additional Rotational Priorities in the future and from time to time.
The Advisor may modify its overall allocation policies from time to time. Any changes to the Advisor’s allocation policies will be timely reported to our board of directors or our Conflicts Resolution Committee. The Advisor will be required to provide information to our board of directors on a quarterly basis to enable our board of directors, including the independent directors, to determine whether such policies are being fairly applied.
If we invest in joint venture or co-ownership arrangements with the Advisor or its affiliates, they may retain significant control over our investments even if our independent directors terminate the Advisor.
While a majority of our independent directors may terminate the Advisor upon 60 days’ written notice, our ability to remove co-general partners or advisors to any entities in which the Advisor or its affiliates serve in such capacities and in which we may serve as general partner or manager is limited. As a result, if we invest in such joint-venture or co-ownership arrangements; an affiliate of the Advisor may continue to maintain a substantial degree of control over our investments despite the termination of the Advisor.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR TAXATION AS A REIT
Failure to qualify as a REIT could adversely affect our operations and our ability to make distributions.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2017, and we intend to continue to operate in accordance with the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Although we do not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, (“IRS”), as to our REIT status, we have received the opinion of our special U.S. federal income tax counsel, Morrison & Foerster LLP, with respect to our qualification as a REIT. This opinion was issued in connection with our public offering. Investors should be aware, however, that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS or on any court. The opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP represents only the view of our counsel based on our counsel’s review and analysis of existing law and on certain representations as to factual matters and covenants made by us, including representations relating to the values of our assets, the sources of our income, the amount of distributions that we pay, the composition of our stockholders, and various other matters relating to the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Morrison & Foerster LLP has no obligation to advise us or the holders of our common stock of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed in its opinion or of any subsequent change in applicable law. Furthermore, both the validity of the opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP and our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of numerous requirements (some on an annual and quarterly basis) established under highly technical and complex provisions of the Code, for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations, and involves the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. The complexity of these provisions and of the applicable income tax regulations that have been promulgated under the Code is greater in the case of a REIT that holds its assets through a partnership, as we do. Moreover, no assurance can be given that legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not change the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of that qualification.
If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we lose our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer be deductible in computing our taxable income and we would no longer be required to make distributions. However, any distributions made would be subject to the favorable tax rate applied to “qualified dividend income.” To the extent that distributions had been made in anticipation of our qualifying as a REIT, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable corporate income tax. In addition, although we intend to operate in such a manner as to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause our board of directors to determine that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to be qualified as a REIT and recommend that we revoke our REIT election.
We believe that the Operating Partnership will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as an association or as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation. If the IRS successfully determines that the Operating Partnership should be treated as a corporation, the Operating Partnership would be required to pay U.S. federal income tax at corporate rates on its net income, its partners would be treated as stockholders of the Operating Partnership and distributions to partners would constitute distributions that would not be deductible in computing the Operating Partnership’s taxable income. In addition, if the Operating Partnership were treated as a corporation, we could fail to qualify as a REIT, with the resulting consequences described above.
To qualify as a REIT, we must meet annual distribution requirements, which may result in us distributing amounts that may otherwise be used for our operations.
To obtain the favorable tax treatment accorded to REITs, in addition to other qualification requirements, we normally will be required each year to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which may not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for distributions paid and by excluding net capital gains. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be invested in acquisitions of properties and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds or sell assets to fund these distributions. It is possible that we might not always be able to continue to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirements required to maintain our REIT status, avoid corporate tax on undistributed income and/or avoid the 4% excise tax.
From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes, or differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell investments at disadvantageous prices or distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect our value.
Recharacterization of sale-leaseback transactions may cause us to lose our REIT status.
We may purchase properties and lease them back to the sellers of such properties. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge our characterization of any such sale-leaseback transaction as a ‘true lease.’ In the event that any such sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and successfully recharacterized as a financing or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the REIT qualification “asset tests,” the “income tests” or the “distribution requirements” and, consequently, lose our REIT status effective with the year of recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated which might also cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement for a taxable year in the event we cannot make a sufficient deficiency distribution.
Our stockholders may have current tax liability on distributions if they elect to reinvest in shares of our common stock.
Stockholders who elect to participate in the distribution reinvestment plan, and who are subject to U.S. federal income taxation laws, will incur a tax liability on an amount equal to the fair market value on the relevant distribution date of the shares of our common stock purchased with reinvested distributions, to the extent such distribution is properly treated as being paid out of “earnings and profits,” even though such stockholders have elected not to receive the distributions used to purchase those shares of common stock in cash. As a result, each of our stockholders that is not a tax-exempt entity may have to use funds from other sources to pay such tax liability on the value of the common stock received.
Distributions payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates that apply to other corporate distributions.
The maximum tax rate applicable to income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is currently 20% plus a 3.8% “Medicare tax” surcharge. Distributions payable by REITs, however, generally continue to be taxed at the normal rate applicable to the individual recipient on ordinary income, rather than the 20% preferential rate and are also subject to the 3.8% Medicare tax; provided however, that all such distributions (other than distributions designated as capital gain distributions and distributions traceable to distributions from a taxable REIT subsidiary), which are received by a pass-through entity or an individual, are eligible for a 20% deduction from gross income under the current tax laws that will expire if not extended at the end of 2025. The more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate distributions could cause investors who are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay distributions, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
In certain circumstances, we may be subject to federal and state income taxes as a REIT, which would reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal income taxes or state taxes. For example, net income from a “prohibited transaction” will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We may also decide to retain income we earn from the sale or other disposition of our properties and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they had earned that income and paid the tax on it directly, would be eligible to receive a credit or refund of the taxes deemed paid on the income deemed earned, and shall increase the adjusted basis of its shares by the excess of such deemed income over the amount of taxes deemed paid. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability. We may also be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, either directly or at the level of the companies through which we indirectly own our assets. Any of these taxes we pay will reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Distributions to tax-exempt investors may be classified as unrelated business taxable income.
Neither ordinary nor capital gain distributions with respect to our common stock, or gain from the sale of common stock should generally constitute unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt investor. However, there are certain exceptions to this rule. In particular:
● Part of the income and gain recognized by certain qualified employee pension trusts with respect to our common stock may be treated as unrelated business taxable income if shares of our common stock are predominately held by qualified employee pension trusts, and we are required to rely on a special look-through rule for purposes of meeting one of the REIT share ownership tests, and we are not operated in a manner to avoid treatment of such income or gain as unrelated business taxable income;
● Part of the income and gain recognized by a tax-exempt investor with respect to our common stock would constitute unrelated business taxable income if the investor incurs debt in order to acquire the common stock; and
● Part or all of the income or gain recognized with respect to our common stock by social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans which are exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (9), (17), or (20) of the Code may be treated as unrelated business taxable income.
Investments in other REITs and real estate partnerships could subject us to the tax risks associated with the tax status of such entities.
We may invest in the securities of other REITs and real estate partnerships. Such investments are subject to the risk that any such REIT or partnership may fail to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT or a partnership, as the case may be, in any given taxable year. In the case of a REIT, such failure would subject such entity to taxation as a corporation, may require such REIT to incur indebtedness to pay its tax liabilities, may reduce its ability to make distributions to us, and may render it ineligible to elect REIT status prior to the fifth taxable year following the year in which it fails to so qualify. In the case of a partnership, such failure could subject such partnership to an entity level tax and reduce the entity’s ability to make distributions to us. In addition, such failures could, depending on the circumstances, jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.
Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of shares of our common stock. We may be required to forego attractive investments. We also may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.
Complying with the REIT requirements may force us to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets. The remainder of our investments (other than governmental securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets
(other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct such failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter to avoid losing our REIT status and suffering adverse tax consequences or, generally, must have “reasonable cause” for the failure and pay a penalty, in addition to satisfying such requirements. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
The stock ownership limit imposed by the Code for REITs and our charter may restrict our business combination opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year after our first year in which we qualify as a REIT. Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our board of directors to take the actions that are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless an exemption is granted by our board of directors, no person (as defined to include entities) may own more than 9.8% in value of our capital stock or more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our common stock. In addition, our charter generally prohibits beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our capital stock by any person that owns, actually or constructively, an interest in any of our lessees that would cause us to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of any of our lessees. Our board of directors may grant an exemption, prospectively or retroactively, in its sole discretion, subject to such conditions, representations and undertakings as it may determine. These ownership limitations in our charter are common in REIT charters and are intended, among other purposes, to assist us in complying with the tax law requirements and to minimize administrative burdens. However, these ownership limits might also delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Our ownership of and relationship with our taxable REIT subsidiaries will be limited and a failure to comply with the limits would jeopardize our REIT status and may result in the application of a 100% excise tax.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation of which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Overall, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A domestic taxable REIT subsidiary will pay federal, state and local income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. We cannot assure our stockholders that we will be able to comply with the 20% value limitation on ownership of taxable REIT subsidiary stock and securities on an ongoing basis so as to maintain REIT status or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax imposed on certain non-arm’s length transactions.
The failure of a mezzanine loan to qualify as a real estate asset could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
The IRS has issued Revenue Procedure 2003-65, which provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan that is secured by interests in a pass-through entity will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT 75% asset test, and interest derived from such loan will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the REIT 75% income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. We may make investments in loans secured by interests in pass-through entities in a manner that complies with the various requirements applicable to our qualification as a REIT. To the extent, however, that any such loans do not satisfy all of the requirements for reliance on the safe harbor set forth in the Revenue Procedure, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the tax treatment of such loans, which could jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.
Liquidation of assets may jeopardize our REIT status.
To qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to liquidate our investments to satisfy our obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately jeopardizing our status as a REIT, or we may be subject to a 100% tax on any resultant gain if we sell assets that are treated as dealer property or inventory.
Changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws, including the enactment of certain tax reform measures, could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made to the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments in real estate and REITs, including the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Federal legislation intended to ameliorate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, has been enacted that makes technical corrections to, or modifies on a temporary basis, certain of the provisions of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017, and it is possible that additional such legislation may be enacted in the future. The full impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and the CARES Act may not become evident for some period of time. In addition, there can be no assurance that future changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws or regulatory changes will not be proposed or enacted that could impact our business and financial results. The REIT rules are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department, which may result in revisions to regulations and interpretations in addition to statutory changes. If enacted, certain of such changes could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.
We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent any new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will impact the real estate investment industry or REITs. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential future changes to the federal tax laws on an investment in our shares.
Foreign investors may be subject to FIRPTA on the sale of common stock if we are unable to qualify as a domestically controlled REIT.
A foreign person (other than a “qualified foreign pension plan”) disposing of a U.S. real property interest, including shares of a U.S. corporation whose assets consist principally of U.S. real property interests, is generally subject to a tax under FIRPTA on the gain recognized on the disposition. FIRPTA does not apply, however, to the disposition of stock in a REIT if the REIT is a “domestically controlled REIT.” A domestically controlled REIT is a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. holders. There can be no assurance that we will qualify as a domestically controlled REIT. If we were to fail to so qualify, gain realized by a foreign investor (other than a “qualified foreign pension plan”) on a sale of our common stock would be subject to FIRPTA unless our common stock was traded on an established securities market and the foreign investor did not at any time during a specified testing period directly or indirectly own more than 5% (10% after December 18, 2015) of the value of our outstanding common stock. We are not currently traded on an established securities market.
We may enter into certain hedging transactions which may have a potential impact on our REIT status.
From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate and/or foreign currency swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Income and gain from “hedging transactions” that we enter into to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets and that are clearly and timely identified as such will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the gross income and asset tests that apply to REITs. Moreover, any income from a transaction entered into primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income that would be qualifying REIT income under the REIT gross income tests, and any gain from the unwinding of any such transaction, does not constitute gross income for purposes of the REIT annual gross income tests. To the extent that we do not properly identify such transactions as hedges or we hedge with other types of financial instruments, or hedge other types of indebtedness, the income from those transactions may not be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests, and might also give rise to an asset that does not qualify for purposes of the REIT asset tests.
INVESTMENT COMPANY RISKS
We are not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, and therefore we will not be subject to the requirements imposed on an investment company by the Investment Company Act which may limit or otherwise affect our investment choices.
The Company, the Operating Partnership, and our subsidiaries intend to conduct our businesses so that we are not required to register as “investment companies” under the Investment Company Act. The operation of a business in a manner so as not to be subject to regulation as an investment company requires an analysis of and compliance with complex laws, regulations and SEC staff interpretations, not all of which are summarized herein. Although we could modify our business methods at any time, at the present time we focus our activities on
investments in real estate, buildings, and other assets that can be referred to as “sticks and bricks” and therefore we will not be an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act. We also may invest in other real estate investments, such as real estate related securities, and will otherwise be considered to be in the real estate business.
Companies subject to the Investment Company Act are required to comply with a variety of substantive requirements such as requirements relating to:
● Limitations on the capital structure of the entity;
● Restrictions on certain investments;
● Prohibitions on transactions with affiliated entities; and
● Public reporting disclosures, record keeping, voting procedures, proxy disclosure and similar corporate governance rules and regulations.
These and other requirements are intended to provide benefits or protections to security holders of investment companies. Because we and our subsidiaries do not expect to be subject to these requirements, stockholders will not be entitled to these benefits or protections. It is our policy to operate in a manner that will not require us to register as an investment company, and we do not expect to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act.
We do not expect that we, the Operating Partnership, or other subsidiaries will be an investment company because, if we have any securities that are considered to be investment securities held by an entity, then we will seek to ensure that holdings of investment securities in such entity will not exceed 40% of the total assets of that entity (on a consolidated basis) and that no such entity holds itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing in securities. If an entity were to hold investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the entity’s total assets (on a consolidated basis), and no other exclusion from registration was available, that entity might be required to register as an investment company. In order to avoid such a result, we, the Operating Partnership, or a subsidiary may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell or we may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may also have to forgo opportunities to acquire certain investments or interests in companies or entities that we would otherwise want to acquire, or acquire assets we might otherwise not select for purchase.
If the Company, the Operating Partnership or any subsidiary owns assets that qualify as “investment securities” and the value of such assets exceeds 40% of the value of its total assets (on a consolidated basis), the entity would be deemed to be an investment company absent another exclusion from the Investment Company Act. Certain of the subsidiaries that we may form in the future could seek to rely upon the exclusion provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of that Act, which is available for entities, among other things, “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” This exclusion, as interpreted by the staff of the SEC, generally requires that at least 55% of an entity’s portfolio be comprised of qualifying interests and an additional 25% of the entity’s portfolio be comprised of real estate-related interests although this percentage may be reduced to the extent that more than 55% of the entity’s assets are invested in qualifying interests, (as such terms have been interpreted by the staff of the SEC) and no more than 20% of such entity’s total assets are invested in miscellaneous investments. Qualifying interests for this purpose include actual interests in real estate, certain mortgage loans and other assets as interpreted in a manner consistent with SEC staff guidance. We intend to treat as real estate-related interests those assets that do not qualify for treatment as qualifying interests, including any securities of companies primarily engaged in real estate businesses that are not within the scope of SEC staff positions and/or interpretations regarding qualifying interests and securities issued by pass-through entities of which substantially all of the assets consist of qualifying interests and/or real estate-related interests. Due to the factual nature of this test, we, the Operating Partnership, or a subsidiary may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell or may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain, if we deem it necessary to remain in compliance with the foregoing standards. In addition, we may have to forgo opportunities to acquire certain investments or interests in companies or entities that we would otherwise want to acquire, or acquire assets we might otherwise not select for purchase, if we deem it necessary to remain in compliance with the foregoing standards.
In addition, we, the Operating Partnership and/or our subsidiaries may rely upon other exclusions, including the exclusion provided by Section 3(c)(6) of the Investment Company Act (which excludes, among other things, parent entities whose primary business is conducted through majority-owned subsidiaries relying upon the exclusion provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C), discussed above), from the definition of an investment company and the registration requirements under the Investment Company Act.
There can be no assurance that the laws and regulations governing the Investment Company Act status of REITs (and/or their subsidiaries), including actions by the SEC or its staff providing more specific or different guidance regarding these exclusions, will not change in a manner that adversely affects our operations. For example, on August 31, 2011, the SEC issued a concept release requesting comments regarding a number of matters relating to the exclusion provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act, including the nature of assets that qualify for purposes of the exclusion and whether mortgage REITs should be regulated in a manner similar to investment companies. To the extent that the SEC or the SEC staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the exclusions discussed above or other exclusions from the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act upon which we may rely, we may be required to change the way we conduct our business or adjust our strategy accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen. If we meet the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act and we fail to qualify for an exclusion therefrom, our ability to use leverage and other business strategies would be substantially reduced. Our business will be materially and adversely affected if we fail to qualify for an exemption or exclusion from regulation under the Investment Company Act.
If we or the Operating Partnership are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, the additional expenses and operational limitations associated with such registration may reduce our stockholders’ investment return or impair our ability to conduct our business as planned.
If we become an investment company or are otherwise required to register as an investment company, we might be required to revise some of our current policies, or substantially restructure our business, to comply with the Investment Company Act. This would likely require us to incur the expense and delay of holding a stockholder meeting to vote on proposals for such changes. Further, if we were required to register as an investment company, but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business, criminal and civil actions could be brought against us, some of our contracts might be unenforceable, unless a court were to direct enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
ERISA RISKS
If our assets are deemed to be ERISA plan assets, the Advisor and we may be exposed to liabilities under Title I of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code.
In some circumstances where an ERISA plan holds an interest in an entity, the assets of the entire entity are deemed to be ERISA plan assets unless an exception applies. This is known as the “look-through rule.” Under those circumstances, the obligations and other responsibilities of plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and plan administrators, and of parties in interest and disqualified persons, under Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code, as applicable, may be applicable, and there may be liability under these and other provisions of ERISA and the Code. We believe that our assets should not be treated as plan assets because the shares should qualify as “publicly-offered securities” that are exempt from the look-through rules under applicable Treasury Regulations. We note, however, that because certain limitations are imposed upon the transferability of shares so that we may qualify as a REIT, and perhaps for other reasons, it is possible that this exemption may not apply. If that is the case, and if the Advisor or we are exposed to liability under ERISA or the Code, our performance and results of operations could be adversely affected. Prior to making an investment in us, our stockholders should consult with their legal and other advisors concerning the impact of ERISA and the Code on their investment and our performance.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2021, we directly owned and managed a real estate portfolio that included 193 industrial buildings totaling approximately 37.6 million square feet located in 28 markets throughout the U.S., with 348 customers, and was 96.6% occupied (97.6% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of 4.4 years. The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced. As of December 31, 2021, our real estate portfolio included:
● 183 industrial buildings totaling approximately 36.1 million square feet comprised our operating portfolio, which includes stabilized properties, and was 98.3% occupied (98.3% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.4 years; and
● 10 industrial buildings totaling approximately 1.5 million square feet comprised our value-add portfolio, which includes buildings acquired with the intention to reposition or redevelop, or buildings recently completed which have not yet reached stabilization. We generally consider a building to be stabilized on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary of a building’s shell completion or a building achieving 90% occupancy.
On July 15, 2020, we acquired minority ownership interests in two joint venture partnerships, the BTC I Partnership and the BTC II Partnership, for $301.0 million in cash paid at closing, exclusive of due diligence expenses and other closing costs. As of the date of acquisition, the joint venture partnerships’ aggregate real estate portfolios consisted of 64 acquired or completed buildings and 18 buildings under construction or in the pre-construction phase.
On June 15, 2021, we, along with our joint venture partners, entered into the BTC I Partnership Transaction to split the BTC I Portfolio, which, prior to the transaction, consisted of 44 buildings totaling approximately 12.1 million square feet. As a result of the BTC I Partnership Transaction (described further in “Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements”), we own a 100% interest in 22 buildings that were previously part of the BTC I Portfolio, totaling approximately 5.4 million square feet with a total cost of $876.7 million, which includes the cost of our minority joint venture interest in the BTC I Partnership and our incremental additional investment of approximately $580 million, exclusive of transaction costs, to effect the split of the BTC I Portfolio.
As of December 31, 2021, we owned and managed 29 buildings totaling approximately 6.9 million square feet and six buildings either under construction or in the pre-construction phase totaling approximately 1.8 million square feet through our 12.0% minority ownership interest in the BTC II Partnership (as described in “Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements”). Unless otherwise noted, these buildings are excluded from the presentation of our portfolio data herein. See “Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding transactions effected subsequent to December 31, 2021 with respect to the BTC II Partnership.
We have used, and intend to continue to use, the net proceeds from our offerings primarily to make investments in real estate assets. We may use the net proceeds from our offerings to make other real estate-related investments and debt investments and to pay distributions. The number and type of properties we may acquire and debt and other investments we may make will depend upon real estate market conditions, the amount of proceeds we raise in our offerings, and other circumstances existing at the time we make our investments.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term “property” as used herein refers to one or more buildings in the same market that were acquired by us in the same transaction.
Building Types. Our industrial buildings consist primarily of warehouse distribution facilities suitable for single or multiple customers. The following table summarizes our portfolio by building type as of December 31, 2021:
Building Type
Description
Percent of Rentable Square Feet
Bulk distribution
Building size of 150,000 to over 1 million square feet, single or multi-customer
77.7
%
Light industrial
Building size of less than 150,000 square feet, single or multi-customer
22.2
Flex industrial
Includes assembly or research and development, primarily multi-customer
0.1
100.0
%
Portfolio Overview and Market Diversification. As of December 31, 2021, the average effective annual rent of our total real estate portfolio (calculated by dividing total annualized base rent, which includes the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis), by total occupied square footage) was approximately $5.92 per square foot. The following table summarizes certain operating metrics of our portfolio by market as of December 31, 2021:
Number of
Rentable
Occupied
Leased
($ and square feet in thousands)
Buildings
Square Feet
Rate (1)
Rate (1)
Annualized Base Rent (2)
Operating Properties:
Atlanta
2,839
99.5
%
100.0
%
$
14,295
6.7
%
Austin
95.9
95.9
4,255
2.0
Bay Area
89.3
89.3
8,361
3.9
Boston
100.0
100.0
2,914
1.4
Central Florida
100.0
100.0
3,150
1.5
Central Valley
2,280
100.0
100.0
12,464
5.8
Charlotte
100.0
100.0
1,067
0.5
Chicago
1,371
100.0
100.0
6,842
3.2
Cincinnati
87.7
87.7
2,704
1.3
Dallas
2,731
100.0
100.0
12,890
6.0
D.C. / Baltimore
1,037
95.5
95.5
7,219
3.4
Denver
100.0
100.0
1,220
0.6
Houston
1,088
91.1
91.1
4,953
2.3
Indianapolis
100.0
100.0
2,322
1.1
Las Vegas
1,118
100.0
100.0
8,686
4.0
Louisville
1,903
100.0
100.0
7,692
3.6
Memphis
2,602
100.0
100.0
8,647
4.0
Nashville
100.0
100.0
3,722
1.7
New Jersey
2,747
100.0
100.0
22,408
10.3
Pennsylvania
2,881
90.7
90.7
15,329
7.1
Phoenix
100.0
100.0
3,206
1.5
Portland
100.0
100.0
2,119
1.0
Reno
1,422
100.0
100.0
7,147
3.3
Salt Lake City
1,003
100.0
100.0
5,197
2.4
San Diego
100.0
100.0
7,005
3.3
Seattle
1,431
99.2
99.2
11,092
5.2
South Florida
100.0
100.0
3,043
1.4
Southern California
2,692
100.0
100.0
19,544
9.0
Total operating
36,123
98.3
%
98.3
%
209,493
97.5
%
Value-Add Properties:
Atlanta
67.9
77.8
3,116
1.5
Houston
60.7
77.6
1,179
0.5
Pennsylvania
-
100.0
-
-
Seattle
78.6
78.6
1,031
0.5
South Florida
-
-
-
-
Total value-add properties
1,460
55.4
79.9
5,326
2.5
Total portfolio
37,583
96.6
%
97.6
%
$
214,819
100.0
%
(1) The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced.
(2) Annualized base rent is calculated as monthly base rent, including the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis) per the terms of the lease as of December 31, 2021, multiplied by 12.
Lease Terms. Our industrial properties are typically subject to leases on a “triple net basis,” in which customers pay their proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, and certain other operating costs. In addition, most of our leases include fixed rental increases or Consumer Price Index-based rental increases. Lease terms typically range from one to 10 years, and often include renewal options.
Lease Expirations. As of December 31, 2021, the weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of our total occupied portfolio was approximately 4.4 years, excluding renewal options. The following table summarizes the lease expirations of our occupied portfolio for leases in place as of December 31, 2021, without giving effect to the exercise of renewal options or termination rights, if any:
($ and square feet in thousands)
Number of Leases
Occupied Square Feet
Annualized Base Rent (1)
3,585
9.9
%
$
17,570
8.2
%
4,934
13.6
26,276
12.3
4,991
13.8
28,598
13.4
4,583
12.6
26,072
12.2
6,223
17.2
34,881
16.3
2,935
8.1
20,367
9.5
2,516
6.9
15,939
7.4
2,383
6.6
14,535
6.8
1.8
3,651
1.7
Thereafter
3,452
9.5
26,081
12.2
Total occupied
36,246
100.0
%
$
213,970
100.0
%
(1) Annualized base rent is calculated as monthly base rent, including the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis) per the terms of the lease as of December 31, 2021, multiplied by 12.
Customer Diversification. As of December 31, 2021, there were two customers that individually represented more than 5.0% of total occupied square feet of our portfolio and one customer that individually represented more than 5.0% of total annualized base rent of our portfolio. The following table reflects the 10 largest customers of our portfolio, based on annualized base rent, which occupied a combined 25.2 million square feet as of December 31, 2021:
% of Total
% of Total
Customer
Occupied Square Feet
Annualized Base Rent (1)
Amazon.com Services LLC
5.3
%
7.8
%
Radial, Inc.
5.9
4.2
Steelcase Inc.
3.4
3.4
US Elogistics Service Corp
1.3
1.8
Boyd Flotation, Inc.
0.9
1.6
SBS Transportation, Inc.
1.2
1.6
The Kroger Company
1.3
1.3
Lowe's Companies, Inc.
1.2
1.2
Clutter, Inc.
1.3
1.2
Patagonia, Inc.
1.3
1.1
Total
23.1
%
25.2
%
(1) Annualized base rent is calculated as monthly base rent, including the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis) per the terms of the lease as of December 31, 2021, multiplied by 12.
The majority of our customers do not have a public corporate credit rating. We evaluate creditworthiness and financial strength of prospective customers based on financial, operating and business plan information that is provided to us by such prospective customers, as well as other market, industry, and economic information that is generally publicly available.
Industry Diversification. The table below illustrates the diversification of our portfolio by industry classifications of our customers as of December 31, 2021:
($ and square feet in thousands)
Number of Leases
Occupied Square Feet
Annualized Base Rent (1)
eCommerce / Fulfillment
5,565
15.3
%
$
32,399
15.1
%
Transportation / Logistics
5,452
15.0
30,933
14.4
Home Furnishings
2,689
7.4
17,492
8.1
Food & Beverage
2,396
6.6
16,313
7.6
Auto
2,593
7.1
12,927
6.0
Manufacturing
1,911
5.3
12,520
5.8
Storage / Warehousing
2,233
6.2
12,194
5.7
Home Improvement
1,237
3.4
7,283
3.4
Printing
2.7
5,710
2.7
Construction / Engineering
2.5
5,474
2.5
Other
10,343
28.5
61,574
28.7
Total
36,307
100.0
%
$
214,819
100.0
%
(1) Annualized base rent is calculated as monthly base rent, including the impact of any contractual tenant concessions (cash basis) per the terms of the lease as of December 31, 2021, multiplied by 12.
Debt Obligations. Our consolidated indebtedness is currently comprised of borrowings under our line of credit, term loan and mortgage notes. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $2.3 billion of consolidated indebtedness with a weighted-average interest rate of 2.14%, which includes the effect of interest rate swap agreements. The weighted-average remaining term of our consolidated debt as of December 31, 2021 was 4.2 years, excluding extension options. The total gross book value of properties encumbered by our total consolidated debt as of December 31, 2021 was $1.8 billion. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
As of the date hereof, there are no material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or of which any of our properties are the subject.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
There is no public trading market for our shares of common stock. On a limited basis, our stockholders may be able to have their shares redeemed through our share redemption program. In the future we may also consider various forms of additional liquidity, each of which we refer to as a “Liquidity Event,” including, but not limited to, a listing of our common stock on a national securities exchange (or the receipt by our stockholders of securities that are listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for our common stock); the sale, merger, or other transaction of our company in which our stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash, securities redeemable for cash, and/or securities of a publicly traded company; and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets where our stockholders either receive, or have the option to receive, cash or other consideration. While we may consider a Liquidity Event, which may provide an additional source of value through the realization of capital appreciation, at any time in the future, we currently do not have a fixed time frame in which we intend to undertake such consideration and we are not obligated by our charter or otherwise to effect a Liquidity Event at any time. There can be no assurance that we will ever pursue a Liquidity Event. We believe that our structure as a non-exchange traded REIT that may continue to raise capital through a series of offerings with no targeted liquidity window enhances the potential to achieve our investment objectives by allowing us to acquire and manage our investment portfolio in a more flexible manner.
We commenced calculating a monthly NAV on June 15, 2018. The following table presents the high and low NAV per share of each class of common stock for each reported quarter within the two most recent fiscal years. Each class of common stock has had the same NAV for each reported period.
Quarter
Low
High
First Quarter
$
10.1643
$
10.2031
Second Quarter
$
10.2518
$
10.5692
Third Quarter
$
10.7090
$
11.5332
Fourth Quarter
$
11.8169
$
12.5007
First Quarter
$
10.0056
$
10.0688
Second Quarter
$
10.0591
$
10.0629
Third Quarter
$
10.0595
$
10.0904
Fourth Quarter
$
10.0920
$
10.1437
Net Asset Value
Our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, has adopted valuation procedures, as amended from time to time, that contain a comprehensive set of methodologies to be used in connection with the calculation of our NAV. With the approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, we have engaged Altus Group U.S. Inc., a third-party valuation firm, to serve as our independent valuation advisor (“Altus Group” or the “Independent Valuation Advisor”) with respect to providing monthly real property appraisals, reviewing annual third-party real property appraisals, reviewing the internal valuations of debt-related assets and liabilities performed by our Advisor, helping us administer the valuation and review process for the real properties in our portfolio, and assisting in the development and review of our valuation procedures. As part of this process, our Advisor reviews the estimates of the values of our real property portfolio, real estate-related assets, and other assets and liabilities within our portfolio for consistency with our valuation guidelines and the overall reasonableness of the valuation conclusions, and informs our board of directors of its conclusions. Although third-party appraisal firms, the Independent Valuation Advisor, or other pricing sources may consider any comments received from us or our Advisor or other valuation sources for their individual valuations, the final estimated fair values of our real properties are determined by the Independent Valuation Advisor and the final estimates of fair values of our real estate-related assets, our other assets and our liabilities are determined by the applicable pricing source, subject to the oversight of our board of directors. With respect to the valuation of our real properties, the Independent Valuation Advisor provides our board of directors with periodic valuation reports and is available to meet with our board of directors to review valuation information, as well as our valuation guidelines and the operation and results of the valuation and review process generally. Unconsolidated real properties held through joint ventures or partnerships are valued
by such joint ventures or partnerships according to their valuation procedures. At least once per calendar year, each unconsolidated real property asset will be appraised by a third-party appraiser. If the valuation procedures of the applicable joint ventures or partnerships do not accommodate a monthly determination of the fair value of real properties, the Advisor will determine the estimated fair value of the unconsolidated real properties for those interim periods. All parties engaged by us in connection with our valuation procedures, including the Independent Valuation Advisor, ALPS Fund Services Inc. (“ALPS”), and our Advisor, are subject to the oversight of our board of directors. Our board of directors has the right to engage additional valuation firms and pricing sources to review the valuation process or valuations, if deemed appropriate. At least once each calendar year our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, reviews the appropriateness of our valuation procedures with input from the Independent Valuation Advisor. From time to time our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, may adopt changes to the valuation procedures if it: (1) determines that such changes are likely to result in a more accurate reflection of NAV or a more efficient or less costly procedure for the determination of NAV without having a material adverse effect on the accuracy of such determination; or (2) otherwise reasonably believes a change is appropriate for the determination of NAV. We will publicly announce material changes to our valuation procedures. See Exhibit 99.2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more detailed description of our valuation procedures, including important disclosure regarding real property valuations provided by the Independent Valuation Advisor.
Our valuation procedures, which address specifically each category of our assets and liabilities and are applied separately from the preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP, involve adjustments from historical cost. There are certain factors which cause NAV to be different from total equity or stockholders’ equity on a GAAP basis. Most significantly, the valuation of our real assets, which is the largest component of our NAV calculation, is provided to us by the Independent Valuation Advisor. For GAAP purposes, these assets are generally recorded at depreciated or amortized cost. Another example that will cause our NAV to differ from our GAAP total equity or stockholders’ equity is the straight-lining of rent, which results in a receivable for GAAP purposes that is not included in the determination of our NAV. The fair values of our assets and certain liabilities are determined using widely accepted methodologies and, as appropriate, the GAAP principles within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification under Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and are used by ALPS in calculating our NAV per share. However, our valuation procedures and our NAV are not subject to GAAP and will not be subject to independent audit. We did not develop our valuation procedures with the intention of complying with fair value concepts under GAAP and, therefore, there could be differences between our fair values and the fair values derived from the principal market or most advantageous market concepts of establishing fair value under GAAP. The aggregate real property valuation of $5.68 billion compares to a GAAP basis of real properties (net of intangible lease liabilities and before accumulated amortization and depreciation) of $4.92 billion, representing a difference of approximately $758.9 million, or 15.4%.
As used below, “Fund Interests” means our outstanding shares of common stock, along with OP Units, which may be or were held directly or indirectly by the Advisor, BCI IV Advisors Group LLC (the “Former Sponsor”), members or affiliates of the Former Sponsor, and third parties, and “Aggregate Fund NAV” means the NAV of all of the Fund Interests.
The following table sets forth the components of Aggregate Fund NAV as of December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2021:
As of
(in thousands)
December 31, 2021
September 30, 2021
Investments in industrial properties
$
5,677,050
$
4,241,400
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnership
147,952
91,729
DST Program Loans
68,772
33,074
Cash and cash equivalents
216,848
132,070
Other assets
36,317
34,890
Line of credit, term loans and mortgage notes
(2,261,140)
(1,466,000)
Financing obligations associated with our DST Program
(499,964)
(200,423)
Other liabilities
(73,467)
(70,372)
Accrued performance participation allocation
(81,185)
(45,932)
Accrued fixed component of advisory fee
(3,864)
(3,076)
Aggregate Fund NAV
$
3,227,319
$
2,747,360
Total Fund Interests outstanding
258,170
238,212
The following table sets forth the NAV per Fund Interest as of December 31, 2021:
(in thousands, except per Fund Interest data)
Total
Class T Shares
Class D Shares
Class I Shares
OP Units
Monthly NAV
$
3,227,319
$
2,576,768
$
170,622
$
463,537
$
16,392
Fund Interests outstanding
258,170
206,129
13,649
37,081
1,311
NAV Per Fund Interest
$
12.50
$
12.50
$
12.50
$
12.50
$
12.50
The NAV per Fund Interest as of December 31, 2021 increased by approximately $0.97, or 8.4%, compared to our NAV per Fund Interest as of September 30, 2021, primarily as a result of strong leasing, above-average market rent growth, and strengthening capital markets. These factors, as well as the BTC I Partnership Transaction, were primary drivers of the increase in the NAV per Fund Interest as of December 31, 2021 by approximately $2.36, or 23.2%, compared to our NAV per Fund Interest as of December 31, 2020.
Under GAAP, we record liabilities for ongoing distribution fees that (i) we currently owe the Dealer Manager under the terms of the dealer manager agreement and (ii) we estimate we may pay to the Dealer Manager in future periods for shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2021, we estimated approximately $87.2 million of ongoing distribution fees were potentially payable to the Dealer Manager. We do not deduct the liability for estimated future distribution fees in our calculation of NAV since we intend for our NAV to reflect our estimated value on the date that we determine our NAV. Accordingly, our estimated NAV at any given time does not include consideration of any estimated future distribution fees that may become payable after such date.
Other liabilities as of December 31, 2020 include a $17.1 million liability to reimburse the Advisor for outstanding organization and offering expenses that the Advisor paid on behalf of the Company prior to December 31, 2021. Our board of directors determined to accelerate this reimbursement in December 2020, and we have since repaid the entire outstanding balance. Accordingly, we recognized the entire outstanding liability and expense in December 2020 for purposes of determining our December 2020 NAV. We reimbursed the Advisor in full in January 2021.
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnership as of December 31, 2021 includes a minority interest discount on the real property valuation component of the unconsolidated joint venture valuation to account for the restricted salability or transferability of those real properties given our minority ownership interest in the BTC II Partnership. We estimate the fair value of our minority ownership interest in the BTC II Partnership as of December 31, 2021 would have been $21.0 million higher if a minority discount had not been applied, meaning that if we used the estimated fair value without the application of the minority discount, our NAV as of December 31, 2021 would have been higher by approximately $21.0 million, or $0.08 per share, not taking into account all of the other items that impact our monthly NAV. As disclosed in “Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements,” in February 2022, we, along with our joint venture partners, entered into a transaction to split the majority of the properties in the BTC II portfolio amongst the joint venture partners (the “BTC II Partnership Transaction”). As a result of the BTC II Partnership Transaction, we own a 100% interest in 11 buildings that were previously part of the BTC II Portfolio. Following the BTC II Partnership Transaction, we and our joint venture partners formed a new joint venture partnership (the “BTC II B Partnership”), through which we co-own five properties that were previously part of the BTC II Portfolio and were not part of the BTC II Partnership Transaction. We own a 8.0% interest in the BTC II B Partnership and the terms of the BTC II B Partnership and the rights and obligations of the joint venture partners are substantially the same as the terms of, and the rights and obligations of the joint venture partners with respect to the BTC II Partnership. As a result of the BTC II Partnership Transaction, the minority discount described above is expected to be substantially eliminated when our NAV as of February 28, 2022 is calculated, thereby having a positive impact on our NAV. This does not take into account all of the other items that impact our monthly NAV and may offset the impact of the elimination of the discount to some extent, such as transaction expenses associated with any strategic alternative.
We include no discounts to our NAV for the illiquid nature of our shares, including the limitations on our stockholders’ ability to redeem shares under our share redemption program and our ability to suspend our share redemption program at any time. Our NAV generally does not reflect the potential impact of exit costs (e.g. selling costs and commissions related to the sale of a property) that would likely be incurred if our assets and liabilities were liquidated or sold today. While we may use market pricing concepts to value individual components of our NAV, our per share NAV is not derived from the market pricing information of open-end real estate funds listed on stock exchanges.
Our NAV is not a representation, warranty or guarantee that: (i) we would fully realize our NAV upon a sale of our assets; (ii) shares of our common stock would trade at our per share NAV on a national securities exchange; and (iii) a stockholder would be able to realize the per share NAV if such stockholder attempted to sell his or her shares to a third party.
The valuations of our real properties as of December 31, 2021, excluding certain newly acquired properties that are currently held at cost, which we believe reflects the fair value of such properties, were provided by the Independent Valuation Advisor in accordance with our valuation procedures. Certain key assumptions that were used by the Independent Valuation Advisor in the discounted cash flow analysis are set forth in the following table:
Weighted-Average Basis
Exit capitalization rate
4.9
%
Discount rate / internal rate of return
5.8
%
Average holding period (years)
10.3
A change in the exit capitalization and discount rates used would impact the calculation of the value of our real property. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, the changes listed below would result in the following effects on the value of our real properties, excluding certain newly acquired properties that are currently held at cost, which we believe reflects the fair value of such properties:
Increase (Decrease) to the
Input
Hypothetical Change
NAV of Real Properties
Exit capitalization rate (weighted-average)
0.25% decrease
3.8
%
0.25% increase
(3.4)
%
Discount rate (weighted-average)
0.25% decrease
2.1
%
0.25% increase
(2.1)
%
From November 1, 2017 through January 31, 2020, we valued our debt-related investments and real estate-related liabilities generally in accordance with fair value standards under GAAP. Beginning with our valuation for February 29, 2020, our property-level mortgages and corporate-level credit facilities that are intended to be held to maturity (which for fixed rate debt not subject to interest rate hedges may be the date near maturity at which time the debt will be eligible for prepayment at par for purposes herein), including those subject to interest rate hedges, were valued at par (i.e. at their respective outstanding balances). In addition, because we utilize interest rate hedges to stabilize interest payments (i.e. to fix all-in interest rates through interest rate swaps or to limit interest rate exposure through interest rate caps) on individual loans, each loan and associated interest rate hedge is treated as one financial instrument which is valued at par if intended to be held to maturity. This policy of valuing at par applies regardless of whether any given interest rate hedge is considered as an asset or liability for GAAP purposes. We currently estimate the fair value of our debt (inclusive of associated interest rate hedges) that was intended to be held to maturity as of December 31, 2021 was $4.6 million higher than par for such debt in aggregate, meaning that if we used the fair value of our debt rather than par (and treated the associated hedge as part of the same financial instrument), our NAV would have been lower by approximately $4.6 million, or $0.02 per share, not taking into account all of the other items that impact our monthly NAV, as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, we classified all of our debt as intended to be held to maturity. See “Performance” below for further information concerning the impact of interest rate movements on our total stockholder returns assuming we were to include the mark-to-market adjustments for all borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments.
Reconciliation of Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests to NAV
The following table reconciles stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests per our consolidated balance sheet to our NAV as of December 31, 2021.
(in thousands)
As of December 31, 2021
Total stockholder's equity
$
2,183,347
Noncontrolling interests
Total equity under GAAP
2,183,659
Adjustments:
Accrued distribution fee (1)
85,419
Unrealized net real estate, debt and interest rate hedge appreciation (depreciation) (2)
740,931
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments in unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s) (3)
46,183
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (4)
173,645
Other adjustments (5)
(2,518)
Aggregate Fund NAV
$
3,227,319
(1) Accrued distribution fee represents the accrual for the full cost of the distribution fee for Class T and Class D shares (formerly designated as Class W shares). Under GAAP, we accrued the full cost of the distribution fee payable over the life of each share (assuming such share remains outstanding the length of time required to pay the maximum distribution fee) as an offering cost at the time we sold the Class T and Class D shares. For purposes of calculating the NAV, we recognize the distribution fee as a reduction of NAV on a monthly basis when such fee is paid and do not deduct the liability for estimated future distribution fees that may become payable after the date as of which our NAV is calculated.
(2) Our investments in real estate are presented as historical cost in our consolidated financial statements. Additionally, our mortgage notes, term loans and line of credit are presented at their carrying value in our consolidated financial statements. As such, any increases of decreases in the fair market value of our investments in real estate or our debt instruments are not included in our GAAP results. For purposes of determining our NAV, our investments in real estate and certain of debt are recorded at fair value. Notwithstanding, our property-level mortgages and corporate-level credit facilities that are intended to be held to maturity, including those subject to interest rates hedges, are valued at par (i.e. at their respective outstanding balances).
(3) Our investments in unconsolidated joint venture partnerships are presented under historical cost in our consolidated financial statements. As such, any increases or decreases in the fair market value of the underlying investments or underlying debt instruments are not included in our GAAP results. For purposes of determining our NAV, the investments in the underlying real estate and certain of the underlying debt are recorded at fair value, and reflected in our NAV at our proportional ownership interest.
(4) We depreciate our investments in real estate and amortize certain other assets and liabilities in accordance with GAAP. Such depreciation and amortization is not recorded for purposes of determining our NAV.
(5) Includes (i) straight-line rent receivables, which are recorded in accordance with GAAP but not recorded for purposes of determining our NAV (ii) redeemable noncontrolling interests related to our OP Units, which are included in our determination of NAV but not included in total equity, and (iii) other minor adjustments.
Performance
Our NAV increased from $10.14 per share as of December 31, 2020 to $12.50 per share as of December 31, 2021. The increase in NAV was primarily driven by the performance of our real estate portfolio as a result of unprecedented demand in the industrial property sector due to the substantial increase in e-commerce in the last year. The performance of our real estate portfolio was also driven by the acquisition of 128 properties during the year ended December 31, 2021, for an aggregate purchase price of $3.5 billion, which is equal to the total consideration paid, as well as the performance of our interests in the BTC Partnerships’ real estate portfolio.
As noted above, effective February 29, 2020, our board of directors approved amendments to our valuation procedures which revised the way we value property-level mortgages, corporate-level credit facilities and associated interest rate hedges when loans, including associated interest rate hedges, are intended to be held to maturity, effectively eliminating all mark-to-market adjustments for such loans and hedges from the calculation of our NAV. The following table summarizes the impact of interest rate movements on our returns assuming we continued to include the mark-to-market adjustments for all borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments beginning with the February 29, 2020 NAV:
One-Year
Since NAV
Trailing
(Trailing
Inception
(as of December 31, 2021)
Three-Months (1)
Year-to-Date (1)
12-Months) (1)
Annualized (1)(2)(3)
Class T Share Total Return (with Sales Charge) (3)
4.50
%
22.79
%
22.79
%
9.03
%
Adjusted Class T Share Total Return (with Sales Charge) (continued inclusion of mark-to-market adjustments for borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments) (4)
4.69
%
23.55
%
23.55
%
8.99
%
Difference
(0.19)
%
(0.76)
%
(0.76)
%
0.04
%
Class T Share Total Return (without Sales Charge) (3)
9.42
%
28.58
%
28.58
%
10.24
%
Adjusted Class T Share Total Return (without Sales Charge) (continued inclusion of mark-to-market adjustments for borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments) (4)
9.63
%
29.37
%
29.37
%
10.20
%
Difference
(0.21)
%
(0.79)
%
(0.79)
%
0.04
%
Class D Share Total Return (3)
9.52
%
29.04
%
29.04
%
11.85
%
Adjusted Class D Share Total Return (continued inclusion of mark-to-market adjustments for borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments) (4)
9.72
%
29.83
%
29.83
%
11.80
%
Difference
(0.20)
%
(0.79)
%
(0.79)
%
0.05
%
Class I Share Total Return (3)
9.65
%
29.66
%
29.66
%
11.29
%
Adjusted Class I Share Total Return (continued inclusion of mark-to-market adjustments for borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt instruments) (4)
9.85
%
30.46
%
30.46
%
11.25
%
Difference
(0.20)
%
(0.80)
%
(0.80)
%
0.04
%
(1) Performance is measured by total return, which includes income and appreciation (i.e., distributions and changes in NAV) and reinvestment of all distributions (“Total Return”) for the respective time period. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Performance data quoted above is historical. Current performance may be higher or lower than the performance data quoted. Actual individual stockholder returns will vary. The returns have been prepared using unaudited data and valuations of the underlying investments in our portfolio, which are estimates of fair value and form the basis for our NAV. Valuations based upon unaudited or estimated reports from the underlying investments may be subject to later adjustments or revisions, may not correspond to realized value and may not accurately reflect the price at which assets could be liquidated on any given day.
(2) The inception date for Class I shares and Class T shares was November 1, 2017, which is when shares of our common stock were first issued to third-party investors in our initial public offering. The inception date for Class D shares (formerly designated as Class W shares) was July 2, 2018, which is when Class D shares of common stock were first issued to third-party investors.
(3) The Total Returns presented are based on the actual NAVs at which stockholders transacted, calculated pursuant to our valuation procedures. With respect to the “Class T Share Total Return (with Sales Charge),” the Total Returns are calculated assuming the stockholder also paid the maximum upfront selling commission, dealer manager fee and ongoing distribution fees in effect during the time period indicated. With respect to “Class T Share Total Return (without Sales Charge),” the Total Returns are calculated assuming the stockholder did not pay any upfront selling commission or dealer manager fee, but did pay the maximum ongoing distribution fees in effect during the time period indicated. From NAV inception to January 31, 2020, these NAVs reflected mark-to-market adjustments on our borrowing-related debt instruments and our borrowing-related interest rate hedge positions.
(4) The Adjusted Total Returns presented are based on adjusted NAVs calculated as if we had continued to mark our borrowing-related hedge and debt instruments to market following a policy change to largely exclude borrowing-related interest rate hedge and debt marks to market from our NAV calculations (except in certain circumstances pursuant to our valuation procedures), beginning with
our NAV calculated as of February 29, 2020. Therefore, the NAVs used in the calculation of Adjusted Total Returns were calculated in the same manner as the NAVs used in the calculation of the unadjusted total return for periods through January 31, 2020. The Adjusted Total Returns include the incremental impact of the adjusted NAVs on advisory fees and performance fees; however, they do not include the incremental impact that the adjusted NAVs would have had on any expense support from our Advisor, or the prices at which shares were purchased in our public offerings or pursuant to our share redemption program. For calculation purposes, transactions in our common stock were assumed to occur at the adjusted NAVs.
Impacts of COVID-19
The global pandemic and resulting shut down of large parts of the U.S. economy has created significant uncertainty and enhanced investment risk across many asset classes, including real estate. The extent of the impact on the commercial real estate sector continues to vary dramatically across real estate property types and markets, with certain property segments affected particularly harshly. The industrial property sector continues to remain very resilient, with unprecedented demand and performance throughout the year, and we believe we are well-positioned to navigate this uncertain period. While the uncertain length and depth of the damage from business disruptions remain a risk, we believe our NAV as of December 31, 2021 currently reflects this uncertainty. We have experienced a very strong twelve months in 2021, with the acquisition of 128 buildings in 25 markets for $3.5 billion.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued equity securities without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), in reliance upon the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, as described below. In March 2021, we issued 0.2 million restricted Class I shares to employees of the Advisor or its affiliates for services provided to us. In addition, the holder of the special operating partnership units (the “Special OP Units”) in the Operating Partnership is entitled to an annual performance participation allocation if certain performance hurdles are met. As further described in “Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the 2020 performance participation allocation became payable on December 31, 2020 and in January 2021, we issued 950,358 Class I OP Units to the holder of the Special OP Units. Subsequent to this issuance, the holder of the Special OP Units made a pro rata distribution of these Class I OP Units to its members, resulting in a distribution to our Chairman of 316,786 Class I OP Units on January 15, 2021. These OP Units may be repurchased by the Operating Partnership for cash unless our board of directors determines that any such repurchase for cash would be prohibited by applicable law or our charter, in which case such OP Units will be repurchased for Class I shares of our common stock with an equivalent aggregate NAV.
Share Redemption Program
We expect that there will be no regular secondary trading market for shares of our common stock. While our stockholders should view their investment as long term with limited liquidity, we have adopted a share redemption program applicable to all shares of our common stock, whereby stockholders may receive the benefit of limited liquidity by presenting for redemption to us all or any portion of those shares in accordance with the procedures and subject to certain conditions and limitations. All references herein to classes of shares of our common stock do not include the OP Units issued by our Operating Partnership, unless the context otherwise requires.
While stockholders may request on a monthly basis that we redeem all or any portion of their shares pursuant to our share redemption program, we are not obligated to redeem any shares and may choose to redeem only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be redeemed in any particular month, in our discretion. In addition, our ability to fulfill redemption requests is subject to a number of limitations. As a result, share redemptions may not be available each month. Under our share redemption program, to the extent we determine to redeem shares in any particular month, we will only redeem shares as of the last calendar day of that month (each such date, a “Redemption Date”). Redemptions will be made at the transaction price in effect on the Redemption Date, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be redeemed at 95% of the transaction price. However, our board of directors determined to waive the 5.0% Early Redemption Deduction for shares redeemed from February of 2021 through September of 2021, even if the shares were outstanding for less than one year. The Early Redemption Deduction may also be waived in certain circumstances including: (i) in the case of redemption requests arising from the death or qualified disability of the holder; (ii) in the event that a stockholder’s shares are redeemed because the stockholder has failed to maintain the $2,000 minimum account balance; or (iii) with respect to shares purchased through our distribution reinvestment plan or received from us as a stock dividend. In addition, shares of our common stock acquired through the redemption of OP Units will not be subject to the Early Redemption Deduction. To have your shares redeemed, your redemption request and required documentation must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the second to last business day of the applicable month. Settlements of share redemptions will be made within three business days of the Redemption
Date. An investor may withdraw its redemption request by notifying the transfer agent before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the last business day of the applicable month.
Under our share redemption program, we may redeem during any calendar month shares whose aggregate value (based on the price at which the shares are redeemed) is 2.0% of our aggregate NAV as of the last calendar day of the previous quarter and during any calendar quarter whose aggregate value (based on the price at which the shares are redeemed) is up to 5.0% of our aggregate NAV as of the last calendar day of the prior calendar quarter.
Provided that the share redemption program has been operating and not suspended for the first month of a given quarter and that all properly submitted redemption requests were satisfied, any unused capacity for that month will carry over to the second month. Also, provided that the share redemption program has been operating and not suspended for the first two months of a given quarter and that all properly submitted redemption requests were satisfied, any unused capacity for those two months will carry over to the third month. In no event will such carry-over capacity permit the redemption of shares with aggregate value (based on the redemption price per share for the month the redemption is effected) in excess of 5% of the combined NAV of all classes of shares as of the last calendar day of the previous calendar quarter (provided that for these purposes redemptions may be measured on a net basis as described in the paragraph below).
We currently measure the foregoing redemption allocations and limitations based on net redemptions during a month or quarter, as applicable. The term “net redemptions” means, during the applicable period, the excess of our share redemptions (capital outflows) over the proceeds from the sale of our shares (capital inflows). Thus, for any given calendar quarter, the maximum amount of redemptions during that quarter will be equal to (1) 5% of the combined NAV of all classes of shares as of the last calendar day of the previous calendar quarter, plus (2) proceeds from sales of new shares in this offering (including purchases pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan) since the beginning of the current calendar quarter. The same would apply for a given month, except that redemptions in a month would be subject to the 2% limit described above (subject to potential carry-over capacity), and netting would be measured on a monthly basis. With respect to future periods, our board of directors may choose whether the allocations and limitations will be applied to “gross redemptions,” i.e., without netting against capital inflows, rather than to net redemptions. If redemptions for a given month or quarter are measured on a gross basis rather than on a net basis, the redemption limitations could limit the amount of shares redeemed in a given month or quarter despite our receiving a net capital inflow for that month or quarter. In order for our board of directors to change the application of the allocations and limitations from net redemptions to gross redemptions or vice versa, we will provide notice to stockholders in a prospectus supplement or special or periodic report filed by us, as well as in a press release or on our website, at least 10 days before the first business day of the quarter for which the new test will apply. The determination to measure redemptions on a gross basis, or vice versa, will only be made for an entire quarter, and not particular months within a quarter.
If the transaction price for the applicable month is not made available by the tenth business day prior to the last business day of the month (or is changed after such date), then no redemption requests will be accepted for such month and stockholders who wish to have their shares redeemed the following month must resubmit their redemption requests.
Although the vast majority of our assets consist of properties that cannot generally be readily liquidated on short notice without impacting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition, we intend to maintain a number of sources of liquidity including (i) cash equivalents (e.g. money market funds), other short-term investments, U.S. government securities, agency securities and liquid real estate-related securities and (ii) one or more borrowing facilities. We may fund redemptions from any available source of funds, including operating cash flows, borrowings, proceeds from our public offerings and/or sales of our assets.
Should redemption requests, in our judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Company as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in real properties or other illiquid investments rather than redeeming our shares is in the best interests of the company as a whole, then we may choose to redeem fewer shares than have been requested to be redeemed, or none at all. In the event that we determine to redeem some but not all of the shares submitted for redemption during any month for any of the foregoing reasons, shares submitted for redemption during such month will be redeemed on a pro rata basis. All unsatisfied redemption requests must be resubmitted after the start of the next month or quarter, or upon the recommencement of the share redemption program, as applicable. If the transaction price for the applicable month is not made available by the tenth business day prior to the last business day of the month (or is changed after such date), then no redemption requests will be accepted for such month and stockholders who wish to have their shares redeemed the following month must resubmit their redemption requests.
Our board of directors may modify or suspend our share redemption program if in its reasonable judgment it deems such actions to be in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders. Although our board of directors has the discretion to suspend our share redemption program, our board of directors will not terminate our share redemption program other than in connection with a liquidity event which results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law. Our board of directors may determine that it is in our best interests and the interest of our stockholders to suspend the share redemption program as a result of regulatory changes, changes in law, if our board of directors becomes aware of undisclosed material information that it believes should be publicly disclosed before shares are redeemed, a lack of available funds, a determination that redemption requests are having an adverse effect on our operations or other factors. Once the share redemption program has been suspended, our board of directors must affirmatively authorize the recommencement of the program before stockholder requests will be considered again. Following any suspension, our share redemption program requires our board of directors to consider at least quarterly whether the continued suspension of the program is in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders; however, we are not required to authorize the re-commencement of the share redemption program within any specified period of time and any suspension may be for an indefinite period, which would be tantamount to a termination.
The preceding summary does not purport to be a complete summary of our share redemption program and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the share redemption program, which is incorporated by reference as Exhibit 4.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional details regarding our redemption history.
The table below summarizes the redemption activity for the three months ended December 31, 2021:
Total Number of Shares
Maximum Number of
Redeemed as Part of
Shares That May Yet Be
Total Number of
Average Price Paid
Publicly Announced
Redeemed Under the
For the Month Ended
Shares Redeemed
per Share
Plans or Programs
Plans or Programs (1)
October 31, 2021
227,986
$
10.93
227,986
-
November 30, 2021
413,710
11.53
413,710
-
December 31, 2021
170,521
11.78
170,521
-
Total
812,217
$
11.42
812,217
-
(1) We limit the number of shares that may be redeemed per calendar quarter under the program as described above.
Distributions
Each year, we make distributions, other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain or loss, 90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property, minus the sum of certain items of non-cash income. We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, which we do not distribute to stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute with respect to each year, at least the sum of 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, 95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year, and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts we actually distribute. Distributions will be authorized at the discretion of our board of directors, in accordance with our earnings, cash flow and general financial condition. Our board’s discretion will be directed, in substantial part, by its obligation to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements. Because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year, and because our board may take various factors into consideration in setting distributions, distributions may not reflect our income earned in that particular distribution period and may be made in advance of actual receipt of funds in an attempt to make distributions relatively uniform. Our organizational documents permit us to pay distributions from any source, including offering proceeds. We are authorized to borrow money, issue new securities or sell assets in order to make distributions. There are no restrictions on the ability of the Operating Partnership to transfer funds to us.
We intend to accrue and continue to make distributions on a regular basis. Distributions are paid on a monthly basis and are calculated as of monthly record dates. Distributions for stockholders who had elected to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan were reinvested into shares of the same class of our common stock as the shares to which the distributions relate. Some or all of the distributions may be paid from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, such as cash flows from financing activities, which could include
borrowings and net proceeds from primary shares sold in our public offerings, proceeds from the issuance of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, cash resulting from the Advisor or its affiliates paying certain of our expenses, proceeds from the sales of assets, and our cash balances. We have not established a cap on the amount of its distributions that may be paid from any of these sources.
There can be no assurances that the current distribution rate will be maintained. In the near-term, we expect that we may need to continue to rely on sources other than cash flows from operations, as determined on a GAAP basis, to pay our distributions, which if insufficient could negatively impact our ability to pay such distributions. For the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 50.0% of our total gross distributions were paid from cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and 50.0% of our total gross distributions were funded from sources other than cash flows from operating activities; specifically, 50.0% were funded with proceeds from the issuance of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan. See “Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further details regarding the Expense Support Agreement among us, the Operating Partnership and the Advisor.
Refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for detail regarding our distribution history, as well as the sources used to pay our distributions.
Holders
As of March 3, 2022, we had 215.5 million shares of our Class T common stock, 15.2 million shares of our Class D common stock and 46.0 million shares of our Class I common stock outstanding, held by a total of 32,403 stockholders, 2,558 stockholders and 3,183 stockholders, respectively, including shares held by our affiliates.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following information contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above for a description of these risks and uncertainties.
OVERVIEW
General
Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. is a Maryland corporation formed on August 12, 2014 to make investments in income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers. We currently operate as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and elected to be treated as a REIT beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. We utilize an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust (“UPREIT”) organizational structure to hold all or substantially all of our assets through the Operating Partnership.
We intend to conduct a continuous offering that will not have a predetermined duration, subject to continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws. In order to execute this strategy in compliance with federal securities laws, we intend to file new registration statements to replace existing registration statements, such that there will not be any lag from one offering to the next. On August 4, 2021, the SEC declared our registration statement on Form S-11 with respect to our third public offering of up to $5.0 billion of shares of our common stock effective, and the third public offering commenced the same day. Our second public offering of up to $2.0 billion of shares of common stock was terminated immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration statement for the third public offering. Under the third public offering, we are offering up to $3.75 billion of shares of our common stock in the primary offering and up to $1.25 billion of shares of our common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, in any combination of Class T shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. We may reallocate amounts between the primary offering and distribution reinvestment plan.
Pursuant to our public offerings, we offered and continue to offer shares of our common stock at the “transaction price,” plus applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The “transaction price” generally is equal to the NAV per share of our common stock most recently disclosed. Our NAV per share is calculated as of the last calendar day of each month for each of our outstanding classes of common stock, and is available generally within 15 calendar days after the end of the applicable month. Shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are offered at the transaction price, as indicated above, in effect on the distribution date. We may update a previously disclosed transaction price in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share relative to the most recently disclosed monthly NAV per share. See Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities-Net Asset Value” for further detail.
Additionally, we have a program (the “DST Program”) to raise capital through private placement offerings by selling beneficial interests in specific Delaware statutory trusts holding real properties (the “DST Interests”). These private placement offerings are exempt from registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. We anticipate that these interests may serve as replacement properties for investors seeking to complete like-kind exchange transactions under Section 1031 of the Code. We expect that the DST Program will give us the opportunity to expand and diversify our capital raise strategies by offering what we believe to be an attractive and unique investment product for investors that may be seeking replacement properties to complete like-kind exchange transactions. We also make loans (“DST Program Loans”) to finance no more than 50% of the purchase price of the DST Interests to certain purchasers of the interests in the Delaware statutory trusts. During 2021, we sold $492.2 million of gross interests related to the DST Program, $68.8 million of which were financed by DST Program Loans. See “Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for additional detail regarding the DST Program.
As of December 31, 2021, we had raised gross proceeds of approximately $2.7 billion from the sale of 259.8 million shares of our common stock, including shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. See “Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information concerning our public offerings.
As of December 31, 2021, we directly owned and managed a real estate portfolio that included 193 industrial buildings totaling approximately 37.6 million square feet located in 28 markets throughout the U.S., with 348 customers, and was 96.6% occupied (97.6% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.4 years. The occupied rate reflects the square footage with a paying customer in place. The leased rate includes the occupied square footage and additional square footage with leases in place that have not yet commenced. Refer to “Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for detail regarding our 2021 acquisition activity. As of December 31, 2021, our real estate portfolio included:
● 183 industrial buildings totaling approximately 36.1 million square feet comprised our operating portfolio, which includes stabilized properties, and was 98.3% occupied (98.3% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of approximately 4.4 years; and
● 10 industrial buildings totaling approximately 1.5 million square feet comprised our value-add portfolio, which includes buildings acquired with the intention to reposition or redevelop, or buildings recently completed which have not yet reached stabilization. We generally consider a building to be stabilized on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary of a building’s shell completion or a building achieving 90% occupancy.
On July 15, 2020, we acquired minority ownership interests in two joint venture partnerships, the BTC I Partnership and the BTC II Partnership, for $301.0 million in cash paid at closing, exclusive of due diligence expenses and other closing costs. As of the date of acquisition, the joint venture partnerships’ aggregate real estate portfolios consisted of 64 acquired or completed buildings and 18 buildings under construction or in the pre-construction phase.
On June 15, 2021, we, along with our joint venture partners, entered into the BTC I Partnership Transaction to split the BTC I Portfolio, which, prior to the transaction, consisted of 44 buildings totaling approximately 12.1 million square feet. As a result of the BTC I Partnership Transaction (described further in “Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements”), we own a 100% interest in 22 buildings that were previously part of the BTC I Portfolio, totaling approximately 5.4 million square feet with a total cost of $876.7 million, which includes the cost of our minority joint venture interest in the BTC I Partnership and our incremental additional investment of approximately $580 million, exclusive of transaction costs, to effect the split of the BTC I Portfolio.
As of December 31, 2021, we owned and managed 29 buildings totaling approximately 6.9 million square feet and six buildings either under construction or in the pre-construction phase totaling approximately 1.8 million square feet, through our 12.0% minority ownership
interest in the BTC II Partnership (as described in “Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements”). Unless otherwise noted, these buildings are excluded from the presentation of our portfolio data herein. See “Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding transactions effected subsequent to December 31, 2021 with respect to the BTC II Partnership.
We have used, and intend to continue to use, the net proceeds from our offerings primarily to make investments in real estate assets. We may use the net proceeds from our offerings to make other real estate-related investments and debt investments and to pay distributions. The number and type of properties we may acquire and debt and other investments we may make will depend upon real estate market conditions, the amount of proceeds we raise in our offerings, and other circumstances existing at the time we make our investments.
Our primary investment objectives include the following:
● preserving and protecting our stockholders’ capital contributions;
● providing current income to our stockholders in the form of regular distributions; and
● realizing capital appreciation in our NAV from active investment management and asset management.
There is no assurance that we will attain our investment objectives. Our charter places numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds. In most cases these limitations cannot be changed unless our charter is amended, which may require the approval of our stockholders.
We may acquire assets free and clear of mortgage or other indebtedness by paying the entire purchase price in cash or equity securities, or a combination thereof, and we may selectively encumber all or only certain assets with debt. The proceeds from our borrowings may be used to fund investments, make capital expenditures, pay distributions, and for general corporate purposes.
We expect to manage our corporate financing strategy under the current mortgage lending and corporate financing environment by considering various lending sources, which may include long-term fixed-rate mortgage loans, floating-rate mortgage notes, unsecured or secured lines of credit or term loans, private placement or public bond issuances, and the assumption of existing loans in connection with certain property acquisitions, or any combination of the foregoing.
Real Estate Outlook
The U.S. economic environment in 2021 saw meaningful improvements over 2020, but was still impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Gross domestic product (“GDP”) continued to recover from the steep decline in 2Q20 while unemployment continues to improve. With continued vaccine success, we expect moderate economic growth in the U.S. next year as recovery continues, leading to further employment growth and business expansion. However, such economic growth may be hindered in the event that additional serious variants emerge. Further, inflation is at a 40-year high. While this is in line with economist estimates, its impact on the U.S. economy and the impact of any measures that may be taken by government officials to curb inflation remain uncertain. The U.S. industrial real estate sector continued its strong performance and remains healthy as we look forward to 2022. E-commerce growth and evolving supply chain dynamics are expected to continue to drive positive demand for warehouse space as companies expand and upgrade their distribution networks and supply chains.
The U.S. industrial real estate sector continues to benefit from positive net absorption (the net change in total occupied industrial space), low vacancy rates, and continued rent growth in our primary target markets. Consistent with recent experience and based on current market conditions, we expect average net effective rental rates on new leases signed during 2022 to be higher than the rates on expiring leases.
Technological advancements, shifting consumer preferences, and the resultant supply chain innovations have supported continued growth of e-commerce, and has only accelerated as a result of COVID-19. E-commerce sales are forecasted to reach 30% of total retail sales by 2030, up from approximately 14% in 2021. As online sales grow and more retailers continue to adapt to changing consumer preferences and technologies, the need for highly functional warehouse space near major cities is expected to increase. Disruptions in global supply chains may also lead to increased demand for warehouse space as users may restock goods at higher inventory levels and look to real estate to improve the efficiency of logistics operations.
Inflation expectations have driven additional demand for real estate, which has historically acted as a hedge against inflation and could further benefit the industrial sector. Heightened policy uncertainty will continue to weigh on global economies and capital flows throughout the coming year. However, capital markets outlook for industrial real estate remains strong as institutional investor demand continues to increase in part driven by both the current industrial real estate fundamentals and the ongoing secular shift to online consumer spending.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Summary of 2021 Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we completed the following activities:
● Our NAV increased to $12.50 per share as of December 31, 2021 as compared to $10.14 per share as of December 31, 2020. This increase is primarily due to the performance of our portfolio, driven by strong leasing, above-average market rent growth, and significantly increased demand in the industrial property sector. The performance of our portfolio was also driven by the acquisition of 128 properties during the year ended December 31, 2021, for an aggregate purchase price of $3.5 billion, which is equal to the total consideration paid.
● We raised $1.3 billion of gross equity capital from our public offerings. Additionally, we raised $492.2 million of gross capital through private placement offerings by selling DST Interests, $68.8 million of which were financed by DST Program Loans.
● We entered into a term loan agreement for an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million, with a five-year term. The term loan’s effective interest rate is calculated based on LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 2.20%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.
● We entered into three interest rate swaps on our $600.0 million term loan with an aggregate notional amount of $225.0 million. These interest rate swaps effectively fix LIBOR at a weighted-average of 0.65% and results in an all-in interest rate for $225.0 million of borrowings on our $600.0 million term loan ranging from 2.00% to 2.85%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.
● We entered into a secured mortgage note in the amount of $209.3 million with a four-year term, which may be extended pursuant to a one-year extension option. We also entered into an interest rate cap on the $209.3 million mortgage note with a notional amount of $170.0 million, which caps our all-in interest rate at 3.50% for this portion of the note.
● We entered into a secured floating-rate mortgage note in the amount of $461.1 million, with a seven-year term and a fixed interest rate of 2.85%.
● We entered into a secured floating-rate mortgage note for an aggregate principal amount of $408.0 million with a three year term, which may be extended pursuant to two one-year extension options. We also entered into an interest rate cap on the $408.0 million term loan with a notional amount of $408.0 million, which caps our all-in interest rate at 3.50%.
● We leased approximately 2.7 million square feet, which included 1.5 million square feet of new and future leases and 1.2 million square feet of renewals through 39 separate transactions with an average annual base rent of $7.23 per square foot.
● During 2021, the BTC II Partnership met certain return thresholds, resulting in an incentive fee distribution to partners. We elected to receive our portion of the incentive fee distribution as an increase of our interest in the BTC II Partnership from 8.0% to 12.0%, in lieu of cash. The increase in the Company’s ownership was recognized as earnings of $47.7 million on the consolidated statement of operations in the fourth quarter of 2021.
We are in the acquisition phase of our life cycle, and the results of our operations are primarily impacted by the timing of our acquisitions and the equity raised through our public offerings. Accordingly, our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are not directly comparable, nor are our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 indicative of those expected in future periods. We believe that our revenues, operating expenses and interest expense will continue to increase in future periods as a result
of continued growth in our portfolio and as a result of the incremental effect of anticipated future acquisitions of industrial real estate properties.
Portfolio Information
Our owned and managed portfolio was as follows:
As of December 31,
(square feet in thousands)
Portfolio data:
Total buildings
Total rentable square feet
37,583
12,810
Total number of customers
Percent occupied of operating portfolio (1)
98.3
%
99.1
%
Percent occupied of total portfolio (1)
96.6
%
94.4
%
Percent leased of operating portfolio (1)
98.3
%
99.3
%
Percent leased of total portfolio (1)
97.6
%
94.6
%
(1) See “Overview-General” above for a description of our operating portfolio and our total portfolio (which includes our operating and value-add portfolios) and for a description of the occupied and leased rates.
Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020
The following table summarizes the changes in our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. We evaluate the performance of consolidated operating properties we own and manage using a same store analysis because the population of properties in this analysis is consistent from period to period, thereby eliminating the effects of any material changes in the composition of the aggregate portfolio on performance measures. We have defined the same store portfolio to include consolidated operating properties owned for the entirety of both the current and prior reporting periods for which the operations had been stabilized. Unconsolidated properties are excluded from the same store portfolio because we account for our interest in the joint venture partnership using the equity method of accounting; therefore, our proportionate share of income and loss is recognized in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s) on the consolidated statements of operations. “Other properties” includes buildings not meeting the same store criteria. The same store operating portfolio for the periods presented below include 45 buildings totaling approximately 8.5 million square feet owned as of January 1, 2020, which represented 22.6% of total consolidated rentable square feet, 38.3% of total revenues, and 38.1% of net operating income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2021.
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
Change
% Change
Rental revenues:
Same store operating properties
$
67,787
$
66,836
$
1.4
%
Other properties
109,282
12,560
96,722
NM
%
Total rental revenues
177,069
79,396
97,673
NM
%
Rental expenses:
Same store operating properties
(16,633)
(16,604)
(29)
(0.2)
%
Other properties
(26,086)
(2,946)
(23,140)
NM
%
Total rental expenses
(42,719)
(19,550)
(23,169)
NM
%
Net operating income:
Same store operating properties
51,154
50,232
1.8
%
Other properties
83,196
9,614
73,582
NM
%
Total net operating income
134,350
59,846
74,504
NM
%
Other income and expenses:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization
(112,201)
(46,483)
(65,718)
NM
%
General and administrative expenses
(8,886)
(6,973)
(1,913)
(27.4)
%
Advisory fees
(28,558)
(9,653)
(18,905)
NM
%
Performance participation allocation
(81,185)
(9,640)
(71,545)
NM
%
Acquisition costs and reimbursements
(3,735)
(3,166)
(569)
(18.0)
%
Equity in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)
54,296
(1,790)
56,086
NM
%
Interest expense
(30,463)
(13,012)
(17,451)
NM
%
Other income
(141)
(20.3)
%
Total other (expenses) income
(210,177)
(90,021)
(120,156)
NM
%
Net loss
(75,827)
(30,175)
(45,652)
NM
%
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
NM
%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(20)
(5)
(15)
NM
%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(75,349)
$
(30,097)
$
(45,252)
NM
%
Weighted-average shares outstanding
201,169
113,145
88,024
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted
$
(0.37)
$
(0.27)
$
(0.10)
Rental Revenues. Rental revenues are comprised of rental income, straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market lease assets and liabilities. Total rental revenues increased by approximately $97.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to an increase in non-same store revenues, which was attributable to the significant growth in our portfolio over this period. For the year ended December 31, 2021, non-same store rental revenues reflect the addition of 148 buildings we have acquired since January 1, 2020. Same store rental revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by $1.0 million, or 1.4%, as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to an increase in recoverable expenses that resulted in increases to recovery revenue, as well as bad debt revenue associated with 2020 rental revenues that was recouped during 2021.
Rental Expenses. Rental expenses include certain property operating expenses typically reimbursed by our customers, such as real estate taxes, property insurance, property management fees, repair and maintenance, and utilities. Total rental expenses increased by approximately $23.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to an increase in non-same store expenses, which was attributable to the significant growth in our portfolio since January 1, 2020. Same store rental expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 remained consistent with same store rental expenses for the same period in 2020.
Other Expenses. Other expenses, in aggregate, increased by approximately $120.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to the following:
● an increase in the performance participation allocation of $71.5 million and the fixed component of the advisory fee of $18.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of (i) gross proceeds of $1.3 billion raised from our public offerings for the year ended December 31, 2021, and (ii) the significant increase of total return driven by a substantial increase in the value of our properties and significantly increased total return generated, as compared to the same period in 2020;
● an increase in real estate-related depreciation and amortization expense totaling an aggregate amount of $65.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of the growth in our portfolio, as compared to the same period in 2020;
● an increase in interest expense of $17.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily related to: (i) $6.0 million of rent obligations associated with our DST Program that we initiated in the second quarter of 2021, (ii) an increase in mortgage note interest of $5.1 million, due to the $1.1 billion of secured mortgage notes that we entered into during the year ended December 31, 2021, (iii) an increase in interest from borrowings under our term loans (including the effects of interest rate swap agreements) of $5.1 million, primarily due to the $600.0 million term loan that we entered into in May 2021 (iv) an increase in interest from borrowings under the line of credit of $0.6 million due to higher average net borrowings of $54.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020;
Partially offset by:
● an increase in equity in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s) of $56.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily related to $47.7 million of incentive fee income associated with the incentive fee distribution from the BTC II Partnership after certain return thresholds were met during the fourth quarter of 2021.
Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2019
See “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 5, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference, for a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Generally, we are prohibited by our charter from incurring total operating expenses which, at the end of the four preceding fiscal quarters exceeds the greater of: (i) 2.0% of our average invested assets, or (ii) 25.0% of our net income determined without reduction for any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of our assets for that period (the “2%/25% Limitation”). For these purposes, total operating expenses exclude rental expenses, real estate-related depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, acquisition expenses, taxes and impairments. Our charter requires that we calculate the figures used in determining whether operating expenses have exceeded the 2%/25% Limitation in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. Notwithstanding the above, we may incur total operating expenses in excess of this limitation if a majority of our independent directors determines that such excess expenses are justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. Our total operating expenses exceeded the 2%/25% Limitation as of the four fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2021. All of our independent directors determined that the excess expenses were justified based upon a review of unusual and non-recurring factors, including but not limited to: the strong performance of our portfolio driven by the continued, unprecedented demand in the industrial property sector and the resulting significant growth in our NAV and total return generated for the period which, in combination with the incentive distributions we received from the BTC I Partnership and the BTC II Partnership in the fourth quarter of 2020 and 2021, respectively, drove a significant increase in the performance participation allocation. Other factors considered include our continued, strong capital raise and the timing of our deployment during the period, including the acquisition of three large portfolios during the year. The calculation of the performance participation allocation is based in part on our calculation of NAV, which takes into account any increases or decreases in the fair market value of our investments in real estate, meaning that generally, as NAV increases and the corresponding total return generated for stockholders increases, the performance participation allocation increases. However, as noted above, unlike our NAV and the performance participation allocation, the 2%/25% Limitation is calculated in accordance with GAAP and the calculation of net income for purposes of the limitation does not take into account the significant fair market value gains generated by our investments in real estate for the period, resulting in an incongruous comparison between total operating expenses and the 2%/25% Limitation.
ADDITIONAL MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE
Net Loss and Net Operating Income (“NOI”)
We define NOI as GAAP rental revenues less GAAP rental expenses. We consider NOI to be an appropriate supplemental performance measure and believe NOI provides useful information to our investors regarding our results of operations because NOI reflects the operating performance of our properties and excludes certain items that are not considered to be controllable in connection with the management of the properties, such as real estate-related depreciation and amortization, acquisition-related expenses, impairment charges, general and administrative expenses, and interest expense. However, NOI should not be viewed as an alternative measure of our financial performance since it excludes such expenses, which expenses could materially impact our results of operations. Further, our NOI may not be comparable to that of other real estate companies as they may use different methodologies for calculating NOI. Therefore, we believe our net income (loss), as defined by GAAP, to be the most appropriate measure to evaluate our overall performance. Refer to “Results of Operations” above for a reconciliation of our GAAP net income (loss) to NOI for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Funds from Operations (“FFO”)
We believe that FFO, in addition to net income (loss) and cash flows from operating activities as defined by GAAP, are useful supplemental performance measures that our management uses to evaluate our consolidated operating performance. However, these supplemental, non-GAAP measures should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or to cash flows from operating activities as an indication of our performance and are not intended to be used as a liquidity measure indicative of cash flow available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. No single measure can provide users of financial information with sufficient information and only our disclosures read as a whole can be relied upon to adequately portray our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. Fees deferred or waived by the Advisor and payments received from the Advisor and/or reimbursed to the Advisor pursuant to the expense support agreement are included in determining our net income (loss), which is used to determine FFO. If we had not received support from the Advisor and/or reimbursed the Advisor pursuant to the expense support agreement, our FFO would have been lower or higher. In addition, other REITs may define FFO and similar measures differently and choose to treat acquisition-related costs and potentially other accounting line items in a manner different from us due to specific differences in investment and operating strategy or for other reasons.
FFO. As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), FFO is a non-GAAP measure that excludes certain items such as real estate-related depreciation and amortization. We believe FFO is a meaningful supplemental measure of our operating performance that is useful to investors because depreciation and amortization in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. We use FFO as an indication of our consolidated operating performance and as a guide to making decisions about future investments.
Although some REITs may present similar measures differently from us, we believe FFO generally facilitates a comparison to other REITs that have similar operating characteristics to us. We believe investors are best served if the information that is made available to them allows them to align their analyses and evaluation with the same performance metrics used by management in planning and executing our business strategy. However, this supplemental, non-GAAP measure is not necessarily indicative of future performance and should not be considered as an alternative to net loss or to cash flows from operating activities and is not intended to be used as a liquidity measure indicative of cash flow available to fund our cash needs. Neither the SEC, NAREIT, nor any regulatory body has passed judgment on the acceptability of the adjustments used to calculate FFO. In the future, the SEC, NAREIT, or a regulatory body may decide to standardize the allowable adjustments across the non-traded REIT industry at which point we may adjust our calculation and characterization of FFO.
The following unaudited table presents a reconciliation of GAAP net income (loss) to NAREIT FFO:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(75,349)
$
(30,097)
$
(22,368)
GAAP net loss per common share
(0.37)
$
(0.27)
$
(0.60)
Reconciliation of GAAP net loss to NAREIT FFO:
GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(75,349)
$
(30,097)
$
(22,368)
Add (deduct) NAREIT adjustments:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization
112,201
46,483
22,236
Our share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated joint venture partnerships
8,094
5,048
-
Redeemable noncontrolling interests' share of real estate-related depreciation and amortization and real estate-related depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated joint venture partnerships
(751)
(141)
(42)
Our share of net gain on disposition of real estate properties of unconsolidated joint venture partnership
(7,666)
-
-
Redeemable noncontrolling interests' share of net gain on disposition of real estate properties of unconsolidated joint venture partnership
-
-
NAREIT FFO attributable to common stockholders
$
36,580
$
21,293
$
(174)
NAREIT FFO per common share
$
0.18
$
0.19
$
(0.00)
Weighted-average shares outstanding
201,169
113,145
37,382
We believe that our NAREIT FFO of $36.6 million, or $0.18 per share, as compared to the total gross distributions declared (which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares offered through our distribution reinvestment plan) in the amount of $109.5 million, or $0.55 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2021 is not indicative of future performance as we are in the acquisition phase of our life cycle. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources-Capital Resources and Uses of Liquidity-Distributions” below for details concerning our distributions, which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock by participants in our distribution reinvestment plan.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
Our primary sources of capital for meeting our cash requirements during our acquisition phase are and will be net proceeds from our public offerings, including proceeds from the sale of shares offered through our distribution reinvestment plan, debt financings, and cash generated from operating activities. We currently intend to maintain an allocation of 10% of our NAV to cash-related liquidity. Our principal uses of funds are, and will be, for the acquisition of properties and other investments, capital expenditures, operating expenses, payments under our debt obligations, and distributions to our stockholders. Over time, we intend to fund a majority of our cash needs for items other than asset acquisitions, including the repayment of debt and capital expenditures, from operating cash flows and refinancings. There may be a delay between the deployment of proceeds raised from our public offerings and our purchase of assets, which could result in a delay in the benefits to our stockholders, if any, of returns generated from our investments.
During 2021, we have raised $1.3 billion of gross equity capital from our public offerings. As of December 31, 2021, we have cash and cash equivalents of $216.8 million and leverage of 35.1%, calculated as our total borrowings outstanding less cash and cash equivalents, divided by the fair value of our real property plus our investment in our unconsolidated joint venture partnership. See “-Capital Resources and Uses of Liquidity-Offering Proceeds” for further information concerning capital raised in 2021 and our expectations regarding the pace of capital raising in the near term. As of December 31, 2021, we directly owned and managed a real estate portfolio that included 193 industrial buildings totaling approximately 37.6 million square feet, with a diverse roster of 348 customers, large and small, spanning a multitude of industries and sectors across 28 markets, with a strategic weighting towards top tier markets where we have historically seen the lowest volatility combined with positive returns over time. Our portfolio was 96.6% occupied (97.6% leased) with a weighted-average remaining lease term (based on square feet) of 4.4 years. Contractual rent collections as of December 31, 2021 are consistent with average annual collections prior to the pandemic.
The Advisor, subject to the oversight of our board of directors and, under certain circumstances, the investment committee or other committees established by our board of directors, will continue to evaluate potential acquisitions and will engage in negotiations with sellers and lenders on our behalf. Pending investment in property, debt, other investments, and our 10% cash allocation mentioned above, we may decide to temporarily invest any unused proceeds from our public offerings in certain investments that are expected to yield lower returns than those earned on real estate assets. During these times of economic uncertainty, we have seen and could once again see a slow down in transaction volume, which would adversely impact our ability to acquire real estate assets, which would cause us to retain more lower yielding investments and hold them for longer periods of time while we seek to acquire additional real estate assets. These lower returns may affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Potential future sources of capital include proceeds from secured or unsecured financings from banks or other lenders, proceeds from the sale of assets, and undistributed funds from operations.
We believe that our cash on-hand, anticipated net offering proceeds, and anticipated financing activities will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future over the next 12 months and beyond.
The Company’s material cash requirements include the following contractual and other obligations:
Debt
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding term loans, floating-rate mortgage notes and fixed-rate mortgage notes with varying maturities for an aggregate principal amount of $2.3 billion, with no amounts payable within 12 months. Future interest payments associated with the Company’s outstanding debt total $214.9 million, with $48.7 million payable within 12 months.
Future minimum lease payments related to DST Program
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $474.9 million of future minimum lease payments related to the properties in our DST Program, of which $23.6 million is due in the next 12 months. The underlying interests of properties that are sold to investors pursuant to the DST Program are leased back by an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership on a long-term basis of up to 20 years.
Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash flows, as determined on a GAAP basis, for the following periods:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities
$
62,586
$
15,576
$
6,453
Investing activities
(3,239,209)
(808,430)
(536,903)
Financing activities
3,161,459
974,575
562,607
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
(15,164)
$
181,721
$
32,157
2021 Cash Flows Compared to 2020 Cash Flows
Cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by approximately $47.0 million as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to significant growth in our property operations, partially offset by the increase in advisory fees and interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020. Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by approximately $2.4 billion as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to a net increase in acquisition and capital expenditure activity of $2.8 billion, partially offset by a decrease in our investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnerships of $318.4 million due to the timing of the acquisition of the minority ownership interests in the BTC Partnerships in the third quarter of 2020, as well as the redemption of our interest in the BTC I Partnership in order to acquire the properties in the BTC I Partnership Transaction in June 2021. Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by approximately $2.2 billion as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily driven by (i) an increase in net borrowing activity of $1.5 billion under our line of credit, term loans and secured mortgage notes, (ii) net proceeds from financing obligations associated with the DST Program of $415.2 million, and (iii) a $263.7 million increase in the amount of net capital raised through our public offerings, net of offering costs paid, during the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020.
2020 Cash Flows Compared to 2019 Cash Flows
See “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 5, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference, for a comparison of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Capital Resources and Uses of Liquidity
In addition to our cash and cash equivalents balance available, our capital resources and uses of liquidity are as follows:
Line of Credit and Term Loans. As of December 31, 2021, we had an aggregate of $1.4 billion of commitments under our credit agreement, including $430.0 million under our line of credit and $1.0 billion under our two term loans. As of that date, we had no amounts outstanding under our line of credit and $1.0 billion outstanding under our term loans with an effective interest rate of 1.89%, which includes the effect of the interest rate swap agreements. The unused and available portions under our line of credit were both $430.0 million as of December 31, 2021. Our $430.0 million line of credit matures in November 2023 and may be extended pursuant to a one-year extension option, subject to continuing compliance with certain financial covenants and other customary conditions. Our $415.0 million term loan matures in February 2024 and our $600.0 million term loan matures in May 2026. Our line of credit and term loan borrowings are available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the acquisition and operation of permitted investments by us. Refer to “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our line of credit and term loans.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) that regulates LIBOR announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. As a result, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”), which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative rate for LIBOR in derivatives and other financial contracts. We are not able to predict when LIBOR will cease to be available or when there will be sufficient liquidity in the SOFR markets. Any changes adopted by the FCA or other governing bodies in the method used for determining LIBOR may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in reported LIBOR. If that were to occur, our interest payments could change. In addition, uncertainty about the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher or lower than if LIBOR were to remain available in the current form.
LIBOR is expected to be phased out or modified by June 2023, and the writing of contracts using LIBOR is expected to stop by the end of 2021. As of December 31, 2021, our term loans and $209.3 million mortgage note are our only indebtedness with initial or extended maturity dates beyond 2023 that have exposure to LIBOR. The agreements governing the term loans provide procedures for determining a replacement or alternative base rate in the event that LIBOR is discontinued. However, there can be no assurances as to whether such replacement or alternative base rate will be more or less favorable than LIBOR. As of December 31, 2021, we have interest rate swaps in place to hedge LIBOR on $350.0 million of commitments under our $415.0 million term loan and on $225.0 million of commitments under our $600.0 million term loan. Additionally, we have one interest rate cap in place on $170.0 million of borrowings under our $209.3 million mortgage note, as of December 31, 2021. We intend to monitor the developments with respect to the potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2023 and work with our lenders to seek to ensure any transition away from LIBOR will have minimal impact on our financial condition, but can provide no assurances regarding the impact of the discontinuation of LIBOR.
Mortgage Notes. As of December 31, 2021, we had property-level borrowings of approximately $1.2 billion of principal outstanding with a weighted-average remaining term of 4.9 years. These borrowings are secured by mortgages or deeds of trust and related assignments and security interests in the collateralized properties, and had a weighted-average interest rate of 2.34%. Refer to “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding the mortgage notes.
Debt Covenants. Our line of credit, term loan and mortgage note agreements contain various property-level covenants, including customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, the agreements governing our line of credit and term loans contain certain corporate level financial covenants, including leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, and tangible net worth thresholds. These covenants may limit our ability to incur additional debt, to make borrowings under our line of credit, or to pay distributions. We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of December 31, 2021.
Leverage. We use financial leverage to provide additional funds to support our investment activities. We may finance a portion of the purchase price of any real estate asset that we acquired with borrowings on short or long-term basis from banks, institutional investors and other lenders. We calculate our leverage for reporting purposes as the outstanding principal balance of our borrowings less cash and cash
equivalents, divided by the fair value of our real property plus our investment in our unconsolidated joint venture partnership. We had leverage of 35.1% as of December 31, 2021. Our management believes our strong equity raise and the timing of our deployment of capital accounts for our lower leverage as of December 31, 2021 and expects that as we deploy capital going forward, our leverage will near approximately 50%.
Offering Proceeds. As of December 31, 2021, aggregate gross proceeds raised since inception from our public offerings, including proceeds raised through our distribution reinvestment plan, were $2.74 billion ($2.63 billion net of direct selling costs).
Distributions. We intend to continue to accrue and make distributions on a regular basis. For the year ended December 31, 2021, approximately 50.0% of our total gross distributions were paid from cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis, and 50.0% of our total gross distributions were funded from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, as determined on a GAAP basis; specifically 50.0% of our total gross distributions were funded with proceeds from shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Some or all of our future distributions may be paid from sources other than cash flows from operating activities, such as cash flows from financing activities, which include borrowings (including borrowings secured by our assets), proceeds from the issuance of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, proceeds from sales of assets, interest income from our cash balances, and the net proceeds from primary shares sold in our public offerings. We have not established a cap on the amount of our distributions that may be paid from any of these sources. The amount of any distributions will be determined by our board of directors, and will depend on, among other things, current and projected cash requirements, tax considerations and other factors deemed relevant by our board.
For the first quarter of 2022, our board of directors authorized monthly distributions to all common stockholders of record as of the close of business on the last business day of each month for the first quarter of 2022, or January 31, 2022, February 28, 2022 and March 31, 2022 (each a “Distribution Record Date”). The distributions were authorized at a quarterly rate of (i) $0.13625 per Class I share of common stock and (ii) $0.13625 per Class T share and per Class D share of common stock, less the respective annual distribution fees that are payable monthly with respect to such Class T shares and Class D shares. This quarterly rate is equal to a monthly rate of (i) $0.04542 per Class I share of common stock and (ii) $0.04542 per Class T share and per Class D share of common stock, less the respective annual distribution fees that are payable with respect to such Class T shares and Class D shares. Distributions for each month of the first quarter of 2022 have been or will be paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock for those electing to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan following the close of business on the respective Distribution Record Date applicable to such monthly distributions.
There can be no assurances that the current distribution rate or amount per share will be maintained. In the near-term, we expect that we may need to continue to rely on sources other than cash flows from operations, as determined on a GAAP basis, to pay distributions, which if insufficient could negatively impact our ability to pay such distributions. See “Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail regarding the Expense Support Agreement.
The following table outlines sources used, as determined on a GAAP basis, to pay total gross distributions (which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”)) for the years ended as of the dates indicated below:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
($ in thousands)
Amount
Percentage
Amount
Percentage
Distributions
Paid in cash (1)
$
54,749
50.0
%
$
30,927
50.2
%
Reinvested in shares
54,719
50.0
30,655
49.8
Total
$
109,468
100.0
%
$
61,582
100.0
%
Sources of Distributions
Expense support (2)
$
-
-
%
$
12,438
20.2
%
Cash flows from operating activities
54,749
50.0
1.4
Borrowings
-
-
17,598
28.6
DRIP (3)
54,719
50.0
30,655
49.8
Total
$
109,468
100.0
%
$
61,582
100.0
%
(1) Includes distribution fees relating to Class T shares and Class D shares issued in the primary portion of our public offerings. See “Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for further detail regarding the ongoing distribution fees.
(2) The Advisor provided expense support of $13.5 million and we reimbursed the Advisor $13.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. The expense support agreement was not renewed after the expiration of its effective term on December 31, 2020 and we did not receive additional expense support from the Advisor during the year ended December 31, 2021. Expense support from the Advisor used to pay distributions is presented above without the effect of our reimbursements to the Advisor of previously deferred fees and other expenses. See “Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail on the expense support from and reimbursement to the Advisor in prior years.
(3) Stockholders may elect to have their distributions reinvested in shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, our cash flows provided by operating activities on a GAAP basis were $62.6 million as compared to our aggregate total gross distributions declared (which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan) of $109.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our cash flows provided by operating activities on a GAAP basis were $15.6 million as compared to our aggregate total gross distributions declared (which are paid in cash or reinvested in shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan) of $61.6 million.
Refer to “Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail on our distributions.
Redemptions. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we received eligible redemption requests for approximately 2.4 million shares of our common stock, all of which we redeemed using cash flows from financing activities, for an aggregate amount of approximately $25.1 million, or an average price of $10.68 per share. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we received eligible redemption requests for approximately 0.5 million shares of our common stock, all of which we redeemed using cash flows from financing activities, for an aggregate amount of approximately $4.9 million, or an average price of $9.87 per share. Our share redemption program states, for each calendar quarter redemptions will be limited to 5% of the aggregate NAV of all classes of shares as of the last calendar day of the previous calendar quarter. See Part II, Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities-Share Redemption Program,” for a description of our share redemption program.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
See “Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding subsequent events.
INFLATION
Increases in the costs of owning and operating our properties due to inflation could reduce our net operating income to the extent such increases are not reimbursed or paid by our customers. Our leases may require our customers to pay certain taxes and operating expenses, either in part or in whole, or may provide for separate real estate tax and operating expense reimbursement escalations over a base amount. In addition, our leases provide for fixed base rent increases or indexed increases. As a result, most inflationary increases in costs may be at least partially offset by the contractual rent increases and operating expense reimbursement provisions or escalations.
In the United States, inflation is at a 40-year high, and its impact on the U.S. economy and the impact of any measures that may be taken by government officials to curb inflation remain uncertain. Periods of excessive or prolonged inflation may negatively impact our customers’ businesses, resulting in increased vacancy, concessions or bad debt expense, which may adversely and materially affect our net operating income.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Critical accounting estimates are those estimates that require management to make challenging, subjective, or complex judgments, often because they must estimate the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Critical accounting estimates involve judgments and uncertainties that are sufficiently sensitive and may result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions and can have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Investment in Real Estate Properties
When we acquire a property, we first determine whether an acquisition constitutes a business or asset acquisition. Upon acquisition, we allocate the purchase price of the acquisition based upon our assessment of the fair value of various components, including to land,
building, land and building improvements, and intangible lease assets and liabilities. Fair value determinations are based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates, as well as certain available market information. The fair value of land, building, and land and building improvements considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. The fair value of intangible lease assets is based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each lease. Factors considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods, current market conditions and market rates, the customer’s credit quality and costs to execute similar leases. The fair value of above- and below-market leases is calculated as the present value of the difference between the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and our estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, using a discount rate that reflects the risks associates with the leases acquired and measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed-rate renewal options for below-market leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, we consider customer improvements, leasing commissions and legal and other related expenses.
Impairment of Real Estate Properties
We review our investment in real estate properties individually whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded for the difference between estimated fair value of the real estate property and the carrying amount when the estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of the real estate property are less than the real estate property carrying amount. Our estimates of future cash flows and liquidation values require us to make assumptions that are subject to economic and market uncertainties including, among others, demand for space, competition for customers, changes in market rental rates, costs to operate each property, and expected ownership periods that can be difficult to predict.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
We may be exposed to the impact of interest rate changes. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows, and optimize overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we plan to borrow on a fixed interest rate basis for longer-term debt and utilize interest rate swap agreements on certain variable interest rate debt in order to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our results of operations. As of December 31, 2021, our consolidated debt outstanding consisted of borrowings under our term loans and mortgage notes.
Fixed Interest Rate Debt. As of December 31, 2021, our fixed interest rate debt consisted of $350.0 million under our $415.0 million term loan and $225.0 million of commitments under our $600.0 million term loan, which were effectively fixed through the use of interest swap agreements, and $628.9 million of principal borrowings under four of our mortgage notes. In total, our fixed rate debt represented approximately 53.2% of our total consolidated debt as of December 31, 2021. The impact of interest rate fluctuations on our consolidated fixed interest rate debt will generally not affect our future earnings or cash flows unless such borrowings mature, are otherwise terminated or payments are made on the principal balance. However, interest rate changes could affect the fair value of our fixed interest rate debt. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value and the carrying value of our consolidated fixed interest rate debt, excluding the values of hedges, were $1.21 billion and $1.20 billion, respectively. The fair value estimate of our fixed interest rate debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis utilizing rates we would expect to pay for debt of a similar type and remaining maturity if the loans were originated on December 31, 2021. Based on our debt as of December 31, 2021 we do not expect that market fluctuations in interest rates will have a significant impact on our future earnings or operating cash flows.
Variable Interest Rate Debt. As of December 31, 2021, our consolidated variable interest rate debt consisted of $440.0 million under our term loans and $617.3 million under two of our mortgage notes, which represented 46.8% of our total consolidated debt. Interest rate changes on the variable portion of our consolidated variable-rate debt could impact our future earnings and cash flows but would not significantly affect the fair value of such debt. As of December 31, 2021, we were exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on $1.1 billion of consolidated borrowings. A hypothetical 25 basis points increase in the all-in interest rate on the outstanding balance of our consolidated variable interest rate debt as of December 31, 2021, would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $2.6 million.
Derivative Instruments. As of December 31, 2021, we had 12 outstanding derivative instruments with a total notional amount of $1.2 billion. These derivative instruments were comprised of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps that were designed to mitigate the risk of future interest rate increases by either providing a fixed interest rate or capping the variable interest rate for a limited, pre-determined
period of time. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for further detail on our derivative instruments. We are exposed to credit risk of the counterparty to our interest rate cap and swap agreements in the event of non-performance under the terms of the agreements. If we were not able to replace these caps or swaps in the event of non-performance by the counterparty, we would be subject to variability of the interest rate on the amount outstanding under our debt that is fixed or capped through the use of the swaps or caps, respectively.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (previously known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.) and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of the estimated fair value of certain acquired tangible assets
As described in Notes 2 and 3, the Company acquired $3.5 billion of real estate properties during 2021 that were accounted for as asset acquisitions. Upon an asset acquisition, the purchase price is allocated to land, building, and intangible lease assets and liabilities.
We identified the evaluation of the estimated fair value of certain acquired tangible assets in asset acquisitions, as a critical audit matter. The tangible assets included land, buildings, and building improvements. Specifically, subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate the assumptions used in the Company’s determination of the estimated fair value, which included comparable land sales and the estimated replacement cost of buildings and building improvements.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in evaluating the Company’s estimated fair value of certain acquired tangible assets by independently developing ranges of comparable land sales and estimated replacement costs of buildings and building improvements, and compared those amounts to the amounts determined by management.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.
Denver, Colorado
March 9, 2022
ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of
December 31,
December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
ASSETS
Net investment in real estate properties
$
4,820,892
$
1,322,521
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)
101,769
324,242
Cash and cash equivalents
216,848
232,369
Restricted cash
DST Program Loans
68,772
-
Other assets
39,941
17,766
Total assets
$
5,249,109
$
1,897,428
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
42,211
$
18,933
Debt, net
2,245,673
579,171
Intangible lease liabilities, net
76,432
11,609
Financing obligations, net
483,964
-
Distribution fees payable to affiliates
85,419
44,962
Other liabilities
116,064
46,290
Total liabilities
3,049,763
700,965
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
15,687
3,648
Equity
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value - 200,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding
-
-
Class T common stock, $0.01 par value per share - 1,200,000 shares authorized, 206,129 and 130,565 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
2,061
1,306
Class D common stock, $0.01 par value per share - 75,000 shares authorized, 13,649 and 7,866 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Class I common stock, $0.01 par value per share - 225,000 shares authorized, 37,391 and 3,040 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
2,475,715
1,329,799
Accumulated deficit and cumulative distributions
(297,570)
(128,775)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
2,631
(9,750)
Total stockholders’ equity
2,183,347
1,192,689
Noncontrolling interests
Total equity
2,183,659
1,192,815
Total liabilities and equity
$
5,249,109
$
1,897,428
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues:
Rental revenues
$
177,069
$
79,396
$
40,377
Total revenues
177,069
79,396
40,377
Operating expenses:
Rental expenses
42,719
19,550
9,779
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization
112,201
46,483
22,236
General and administrative expenses
8,886
6,973
4,448
Advisory fees
28,558
9,653
4,585
Performance participation allocation
81,185
9,640
2,913
Acquisition costs and reimbursements
3,735
3,166
3,068
Total operating expenses
277,284
95,465
47,029
Other (income) expenses:
Equity in (income) loss from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)
(54,296)
1,790
-
Interest expense
30,463
13,012
9,115
Other income
(555)
(696)
(825)
Total expenses before expense support
252,896
109,571
55,319
Total reimbursement to the Advisor, net
-
-
(7,468)
Net expenses after reimbursement
(252,896)
(109,571)
(62,787)
Net loss
(75,827)
(30,175)
(22,410)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(20)
(5)
-
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(75,349)
$
(30,097)
$
(22,368)
Weighted-average shares outstanding
201,169
113,145
37,382
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted
$
(0.37)
$
(0.27)
$
(0.60)
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net loss
$
(75,827)
$
(30,175)
$
(22,410)
Change from cash flow hedging derivatives
12,462
(11,999)
2,190
Comprehensive loss
$
(63,365)
$
(42,174)
$
(20,220)
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(62,948)
$
(42,032)
$
(20,216)
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Stockholders’ Equity
Accumulated
Other
Common Stock
Additional
Accumulated
Comprehensive
Noncontrolling
(in thousands)
Shares
Amount
Paid-In Capital
Deficit
Income (Loss)
Interests
Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2018
20,265
$
$
180,125
$
(8,556)
$
-
$
$
171,773
Net loss (excludes $42 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
(22,368)
-
-
(22,368)
Change from cash flow hedging activities (excludes $4 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
-
2,190
-
2,190
Issuance of common stock
29,243
304,691
-
-
-
304,983
Share-based compensation
-
-
-
-
-
Upfront offering costs, including selling commissions, dealer manager fees, and offering costs
-
-
(18,847)
-
-
-
(18,847)
Trailing distribution fees
-
-
(12,545)
3,535
-
-
(9,010)
Redemptions of common stock
(233)
(3)
(2,282)
-
-
-
(2,285)
Distributions to stockholders (excludes $39 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
(20,341)
-
-
(20,341)
Redemption value allocation adjustment to redeemable noncontrolling interests
-
-
(81)
-
-
-
(81)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
49,275
$
$
451,526
$
(47,730)
$
2,190
$
$
406,479
Net (loss) income (excludes $83 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
(30,097)
-
(30,092)
Change from cash flow hedging activities (excludes $59 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
-
(11,940)
-
(11,940)
Issuance of common stock
92,689
967,663
-
-
-
968,591
Share-based compensation
-
-
1,544
-
-
-
1,544
Upfront offering costs, including selling commissions, dealer manager fees, and offering costs
-
-
(46,594)
-
-
-
(46,594)
Trailing distribution fees
-
-
(39,127)
10,634
-
-
(28,493)
Redemptions of common stock
(493)
(5)
(4,862)
-
-
-
(4,867)
Preferred interest in Subsidiary REITs
-
-
-
-
-
Distributions to stockholders (excludes $197 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
(61,582)
-
(5)
(61,587)
Redemption value allocation adjustment to redeemable noncontrolling interests
-
-
(351)
-
-
-
(351)
Balance as of December 31, 2020
141,471
$
1,415
$
1,329,799
$
(128,775)
$
(9,750)
$
$
1,192,815
Net (loss) income (excludes $498 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
(75,349)
-
(75,329)
Change from cash flow hedging activities (excludes $81 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
-
12,381
-
12,381
Issuance of common stock
118,048
1,180
1,251,931
-
-
-
1,253,111
Share-based compensation
-
-
1,618
-
-
-
1,618
Upfront offering costs, including selling commissions, dealer manager fees, and offering costs
-
-
(22,537)
-
-
-
(22,537)
Trailing distribution fees
-
-
(56,480)
16,022
-
-
(40,458)
Redemptions of common stock
(2,350)
(24)
(25,085)
-
-
-
(25,109)
Preferred interest in Subsidiary REITs
-
-
-
-
-
Distributions to stockholders (excludes $715 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests)
-
-
-
(109,468)
-
(20)
(109,488)
Redemption value allocation adjustment to redeemable noncontrolling interests
-
-
(3,531)
-
-
-
(3,531)
Balance as of December 31, 2021
257,169
$
2,571
$
2,475,715
$
(297,570)
$
2,631
$
$
2,183,659
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Operating activities:
Net loss
$
(75,827)
$
(30,175)
$
(22,410)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization
112,201
46,483
22,236
Equity in (income) loss from unconsolidated joint venture partnerships
(54,296)
1,790
-
Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market leases
(14,719)
(7,744)
(4,420)
Other
3,762
2,553
1,416
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Tenant receivables and other assets
(6,456)
(140)
(825)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
10,579
1,177
4,417
Due from / to affiliates, net
87,342
1,632
6,039
Net cash provided by operating activities
62,586
15,576
6,453
Investing activities:
Real estate acquisitions
(2,620,937)
(473,000)
(533,027)
Incremental investment to acquire joint venture partnership portfolio
(584,809)
-
-
Deferred acquisition costs
(750)
(610)
(500)
Capital expenditures
(30,408)
(8,930)
(3,376)
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnerships
(7,505)
(325,890)
-
Distributions from joint venture partnerships
5,200
-
-
Net cash used in investing activities
(3,239,209)
(808,430)
(536,903)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from mortgage note
1,078,390
118,500
-
Proceeds from line of credit
1,124,000
-
377,000
Repayments of line of credit
(1,124,000)
(107,000)
(389,000)
Proceeds from term loan
600,000
107,500
307,500
Repayments of notes to shareholders
-
-
(376)
Debt issuance costs paid
(13,776)
(1,050)
(4,458)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
1,185,844
900,810
283,803
Proceeds from financing obligations
415,192
-
-
Offering costs paid in connection with issuance of common stock and private placements
(26,205)
(10,333)
-
Distributions paid to common stockholders, redeemable noncontrolling interest holders and preferred shareholders
(37,312)
(19,084)
(6,263)
Distribution fees paid to affiliates
(15,365)
(9,901)
(3,314)
Redemptions of common stock
(25,109)
(4,867)
(2,285)
Other
(200)
-
-
Net cash provided by financing activities
3,161,459
974,575
562,607
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(15,164)
181,721
32,157
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at beginning of period
232,899
51,178
19,021
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at end of period
$
217,735
$
232,899
$
51,178
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation formed on August 12, 2014. Unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company” and “AIREIT” refers to Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, which includes AIREIT Operating Partnership LP (the “Operating Partnership”). The Company is externally managed by its advisor. On July 1, 2021, Ares Management Corporation (“Ares”) closed on the acquisition of the U.S. real estate investment advisory and distribution business of Black Creek Group, including the Company’s former advisor, BCI IV Advisors LLC (the “Former Advisor”). As a result of closing of this transaction, Ares Commercial Real Estate Management LLC became the Company’s new advisor (the “New Advisor”). Ares did not acquire the Company’s former sponsor, BCI IV Advisors Group LLC (the “Former Sponsor”), and the Company now considers the Ares real estate group (“AREG”) to be its Sponsor. See “Note 12” for additional information regarding this transaction. References to the “Advisor” throughout this report mean BCI IV Advisors LLC for periods prior to July 1, 2021 and Ares Commercial Real Estate Management LLC for periods thereafter. References to the “Sponsor” throughout this report mean BCI IV Advisors Group LLC for periods prior to July 1, 2021 and Ares real estate group for periods thereafter.
The Company was formed to make equity and debt investments in income-producing real estate assets consisting primarily of high-quality distribution warehouses and other industrial properties that are leased to creditworthy corporate customers throughout the U.S. Creditworthiness does not necessarily mean investment grade and the majority of our customers do not have a public credit rating. Although the Company intends to focus investment activities primarily on distribution warehouses and other industrial properties, its charter and bylaws do not preclude it from investing in other types of commercial property, real estate debt, or real estate-related equity securities. As of December 31, 2021, the Company owned and managed a real estate portfolio that included 193 industrial buildings. The Company operates as one reportable segment comprised of industrial real estate.
The Company currently operates and has been elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2017, and the Company intends to continue to operate in accordance with the requirements for qualification as a REIT. The Company utilizes an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust (“UPREIT”) organizational structure to hold all or substantially all of its properties and securities through the Operating Partnership, of which the Company is the sole general partner and a limited partner.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation in conformity with GAAP.
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as amounts related to noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests. See “Noncontrolling Interests” and “Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests” below for further detail concerning the accounting policies regarding noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The Operating Partnership meets the criteria of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) as the Operating Partnership’s limited partners do not have the right to remove the general partner and do not have substantive participating rights in the operations of the Operating Partnership. Pursuant to the operating partnership agreement, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the Operating Partnership as it has the obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits, and the power to control substantially all of the activities which most significantly impact the economic performance of the Operating Partnership. As such, the Operating Partnership continues to be consolidated within the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period they are determined to be necessary.
Investment in Real Estate Properties
The Company first determines whether an acquisition constitutes a business or asset acquisition. Upon either a business or asset acquisition, the purchase price of a property is allocated to land, building, and intangible lease assets and liabilities based on their relative fair value. The allocation of the purchase price to building is based on management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value. The “as-if” vacant fair value is determined by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. The allocation of the purchase price to intangible lease assets represents the value associated with the in-place leases, which may include lost rent, leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal and other related costs. The allocation of the purchase price to above-market lease assets and below-market lease liabilities results from in-place leases being above or below management’s estimate of fair market rental rates at the acquisition date and are measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the remaining term of the lease, plus the term of any below-market fixed-rate renewal option periods, if applicable, for below-market leases. Intangible lease assets, above-market lease assets, and below-market lease liabilities are collectively referred to as “intangible lease assets and liabilities.”
If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt assumed. No debt was assumed in connection with our 2021 or 2020 acquisitions. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition of a property are capitalized as incurred in an asset acquisition and are allocated to land, building, and intangible lease assets on a relative fair value basis. Properties that are probable to be sold are to be designated as “held for sale” on the balance sheet when certain criteria are met.
The results of operations for acquired properties are included in the consolidated statements of operations from their respective acquisition dates. Intangible lease assets are amortized to real estate-related depreciation and amortization over the remaining lease term. Above-market lease assets are amortized as a reduction in rental revenues over the remaining lease term and below-market lease liabilities are amortized as an increase in rental revenues over the remaining lease term, plus any applicable fixed-rate renewal option periods. The Company expenses any unamortized intangible lease asset or records an adjustment to rental revenue for any unamortized above-market lease asset or below-market lease liability when a customer terminates a lease before the stated lease expiration date.
Land, building, building and land improvements, tenant improvements, lease commissions, and intangible lease assets and liabilities, which are collectively referred to as “real estate assets,” are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Costs associated with the development and improvement of the Company’s real estate assets are capitalized as incurred. These costs include capitalized interest and development fees. Other than the transaction costs associated with the acquisition of a property described above, the Company does not capitalize any other costs, such as taxes, salaries or other general and administrative expenses. See “Capitalized Interest” below for additional detail. Costs incurred in making repairs and maintaining real estate assets are expensed as incurred.
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as described in the following table:
Land
Not depreciated
Building
20 to 40 years
Building and land improvements
5 to 20 years
Tenant improvements
Lesser of useful life or lease term
Lease commissions
Over lease term
Intangible lease assets
Over lease term
Above-market lease assets
Over lease term
Below-market lease liabilities
Over lease term, including below-market fixed-rate renewal options
Real estate assets that are determined to be held and used will be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, and the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value.
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture Partnerships
The Company analyzes its investment in an unconsolidated joint venture under GAAP to determine if the joint venture is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether the requisite substantial participating rights described in the GAAP are held by the partners not affiliated with the Company. If the joint venture is not a VIE and the partners not affiliated with the Company hold substantial participating rights, the Company accounts for its investment in the joint venture under the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost (including direct acquisition costs) and subsequently adjusted to reflect the Company’s proportionate share of equity in the joint venture’s net income (loss), distributions received, contributions made and certain other adjustments made, as appropriate, which is included in investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnerships on its consolidated balance sheets. The proportionate share of ongoing income or loss of the unconsolidated joint venture partnerships is recognized in equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture partnerships on the consolidated statements of operations. The outside basis portion of the Company’s unconsolidated joint venture partnerships is amortized over the anticipated useful lives of the joint ventures’ tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
When circumstances indicate there may have been a reduction in the value of an equity investment, the Company evaluates whether the loss is other than temporary. If the Company concludes it is other than temporary, an impairment charge is recognized to reflect the equity investment at fair value. No impairment losses were recorded related to the Company’s investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnerships for the year ended December 31, 2021. See “Note 5” for additional information regarding the Company’s investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnerships.
The Company may earn performance-based incentive fees based on a joint venture’s cumulative returns over a certain time period. The returns are determined by both the operating performance and real estate valuation of the venture, including highly variable inputs such as capitalization rates, market rents and interest rates. As these key inputs are highly volatile and out of the Company’s control, and such volatility can materially impact its performance-based incentive fee period over period, recognition of the performance-based incentive fee income is limited to amounts for which it is probable that a significant income reversal will not occur. See “Note 5” for additional information on the BTC II Partnership incentive fee distribution.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company may have bank balances in excess of federally insured amounts; however, the Company deposits its cash and cash equivalents with high credit-quality institutions to minimize credit risk.
Derivative Instruments
The Company records its derivative instruments at fair value. The accounting for changes in fair value of derivative instruments depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as a hedge and, if so, the type of hedge. The Company’s interest rate swap derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges and are used to hedge exposure to variability in expected future interest payments. The change in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated balance sheets and is subsequently reclassified into earnings as interest expense for the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings, which is when the interest expense is recognized on the related debt. The Company’s interest rate cap derivative instruments are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value must be recognized through income. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs include fees and costs incurred to obtain long-term financing. These fees and costs are amortized to interest expense over the terms of the related credit facilities. Unamortized debt issuance costs are written off if debt is retired before its maturity date. Accumulated amortization of debt issuance costs was approximately $5.3 million and $2.9 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020,
respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s interest expense included approximately $2.4 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of amortization of financing costs.
Capitalized Interest
The Company capitalizes interest as a cost of development on value-add buildings. Capitalization of interest for a particular asset begins when activities necessary to get the asset ready for its intended use are in progress and when interest costs have been incurred. Capitalization of interest ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for occupancy. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately $1.2 million and $0.6 million of interest was capitalized, respectively. No interest was capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2019.
Distribution Fees
Distribution fees are paid monthly. Distribution fees are accrued upon the issuance of Class T shares and Class D shares in the primary portion of the Company’s public offerings. The Company accrues for: (i) the monthly amount payable as of the balance sheet date, and (ii) the estimated amount of distribution fees to be paid in future periods based on the Class T shares and Class D shares outstanding as of the balance sheet date. The accrued distribution fees are reflected in additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ equity. See “Note 12” for additional information regarding when distribution fees become payable.
Noncontrolling Interests
Due to the Company’s control of the Operating Partnership through its sole general partner interest and its limited partner interest, the Company consolidates the Operating Partnership. The limited partner interests not owned by the Company are presented as noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements. The noncontrolling interests are reported on the consolidated balance sheets within permanent equity, separate from stockholders’ equity. As the limited partner interests do not participate in the profits and losses of the Operating Partnership, there is no net income or loss attributable to this portion of noncontrolling interests on the consolidated statement of operations.
Noncontrolling interests also represent the portion of equity in an acquired subsidiary real estate investment trust (“Subsidiary REIT”), that the Company does not own. Such noncontrolling interests are equity instruments presented in the consolidated balance sheet as noncontrolling interests within permanent equity. See “Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding the Subsidiary REIT.
Reclassifications
Certain items in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for 2020 have been reclassified to conform to the 2021 presentation. Intangible lease liabilities, net have been reclassified from other liabilities and are presented separately in the consolidated balance sheets. Straight-line and tenant receivables, deferred acquisition costs and due to affiliates have all been reclassified to other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Due from affiliates has been reclassified to other liabilities and distributions payable has been reclassified to accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets.
Certain items in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been reclassified to conform to its 2021 presentation. Other income has been reclassified from interest expense and other and is presented separately in the consolidated statements of operations. Other expense reimbursements, related party has been reclassified to general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, the performance participation allocation and fixed component of the advisory fee are presented separately on the consolidated statements of operations, while previously presented together on the consolidated statements of operations.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
The Former Sponsor held, either directly or indirectly, partnership units in the Operating Partnership (“OP Units”), which were issued as payment of the performance participation allocation (also referred to as the performance component of the advisory fee) pursuant to the fourth amended and restated advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) by and among the Company, the Operating Partnership and the Advisor. Subsequent to the Transaction (as defined in “Note 12”), the Former Sponsor transferred these OP Units to its members or
their affiliates. The Company has classified these OP Units as redeemable noncontrolling interests in mezzanine equity on the consolidated balance sheets due to the fact that, as defined in the operating partnership agreement, the limited partners who hold these OP Units have the ability to transfer or redeem its OP units at any time. The redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded at the greater of the carrying amount, adjusted for the share of the allocation of income or loss and dividends, or the redemption value, which is equivalent to fair value, of such OP units at the end of each measurement period. See “Note 10” for additional information regarding redeemable noncontrolling interests.
Rental Revenue
When a lease is entered into, the Company first determines if the collectability from the tenant is probable. If the collectability is not probable the Company recognizes revenue when the payment has been received. If the collectability is determined to be probable the Company records rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the full lease term. Certain properties have leases that offer the tenant a period of time where no rent is due or where rent payments change during the term of the lease. Accordingly, the Company records receivables from tenants for rent that the Company expects to collect over the remaining lease term rather than currently, which are recorded as a straight-line rent receivable. Management analyzes accounts receivable by considering customer creditworthiness, current economic trends, including the impact of the outbreak of the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on customers’ businesses, and customers’ ability to make payments on time and in full when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2021, the impact of COVID-19 on customer collectability has been minimal and has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluates collectability from its tenants on an ongoing basis, if the assessment of collectability changes during the lease term, any difference between the revenue that was recognized under the straight-line method and the lease payments that have been collected will be recognized as a current period adjustment to rental revenues. When the Company acquires a property, the term of each existing lease is considered to commence as of the acquisition date for purposes of this calculation. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has no allowance for doubtful accounts.
In connection with property acquisitions, the Company may acquire leases with rental rates above or below estimated market rental rates. Above-market lease assets are amortized as a reduction to rental revenue over the remaining lease term, and below-market lease liabilities are amortized as an increase to rental revenue over the remaining lease term, plus any applicable fixed-rate renewal option periods.
The Company expenses any unamortized intangible lease asset or records an adjustment to rental revenue for any unamortized above-market lease asset or below-market lease liability by reassessing the estimated remaining useful life of such intangible lease asset or liability when it becomes probable a customer will terminate a lease before the stated lease expiration date.
Upon the disposition of an asset, the Company will evaluate the transaction to determine if control of the asset, as well as other specified criteria, has been transferred to the buyer to determine proper timing of recognizing gains or losses.
Organization and Offering Expenses
Organization costs are expensed as incurred and offering expenses associated with the Company’s public offerings are recorded as a reduction of gross offering proceeds in additional paid-in capital. See “Note 12” for additional information regarding organization and offering expenses.
Income Taxes
As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to federal income taxes on net income it distributes to stockholders. The Company intends to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.
Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
The Company computes net income (loss) per common share by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period for each class. There are no class specific expenses and each class of common stock shares equally in the profits and losses of the Company. There were no dilutive shares for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. At times, balances with any one financial institution may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. The Company believes it mitigates this risk by investing its cash with high-credit quality financial institutions. As the Company’s revenues predominantly consist of rental payments, it is dependent on its customers for its source of revenues. Concentration of credit risk arises when its source of revenue is highly concentrated from certain of its customers. As of December 31, 2021, no customers represented more than 10.0% of total annualized base rent of its properties.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Fair value measurements are categorized into one of three levels of the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of significant input used. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates. These estimates may differ from the actual amounts that the Company could realize upon settlement.
The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1-Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2-Other observable inputs, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, including:
● Quoted prices for similar assets/liabilities in active markets;
● Quoted prices for identical or similar assets/liabilities in non-active markets (e.g., few transactions, limited information, non-current prices, high variability over time);
● Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset/liability (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, default rates); and
● Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.
Level 3-Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Updated (“ASU”) 2020-06, “Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)” (“ASU 2020-06”), which updates various codification topics to simplify the accounting guidance for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, with a specific focus on convertible instruments and the derivative scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted this standard as of the reporting period beginning January 1, 2021. The Company’s adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)” (“ASU 2021-01”) to refine the scope of ASU 2020-04 and clarify the guidance as part of FASB’s ongoing monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. The ASU extends the guidance to provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to derivative contracts if certain criteria are met. The amendments only apply to derivative contracts that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. ASU 2021-01 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after March 12, 2020, with early adoption permitted, through December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions do not apply to derivative contracts entered into after December 31, 2022. The Company adopted this standard immediately upon its issuance. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
3. REAL ESTATE ACQUISITIONS
During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the following properties, which were determined to be asset acquisitions:
Number of
Total Purchase
($ in thousands)
Acquisition Date
Buildings
Price (1)
2021 Acquisitions:
Gerwig Distribution Center
1/8/2021
$
19,274
Harvill Business Center
3/10/2021
60,588
Princess Logistics Center
4/12/2021
74,075
Rancho Cucamonga Business Center
5/28/2021
24,624
Norton Distribution Center
6/1/2021
32,413
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio (2)
6/15/2021
876,731
Benchmark Distribution Center
6/18/2021
19,651
Key Logistics Portfolio
7/14/2021
916,766
Stonewood Logistics Center
7/16/2021
19,343
Heron Industrial Center
7/21/2021
25,999
Colony Crossing Logistics Portfolio
8/17/2021
21,569
Harvill Industrial Center Land
8/23/2021
-
7,532
Commerce Farms Logistics Center
8/25/2021
63,821
North County Commerce Center
8/30/2021
147,132
Performance Distribution Center
9/7/2021
29,532
Madison Distribution Center
9/17/2021
13,002
355 Logistics Center
10/1/2021
65,422
1 Stanley Drive
10/6/2021
22,239
Gilbert Gateway Commerce Park
10/6/2021
88,155
California Business Center
10/21/2021
31,070
Molto Portfolio
11/17/2021
204,964
Walker Mill Industrial Center
11/18/2021
17,205
Greater Boston Portfolio
11/22/2021
37,358
McDonald Portfolio
12/16/2021
395,754
Valwood Industrial Center
12/17/2021
43,132
Riggs Hill Industrial Center
12/17/2021
5,659
Port Crossing Logistics Center
12/21/2021
31,994
Hainesport Commerce Center
12/21/2021
132,810
Beltway Logistics Center
12/22/2021
28,053
Clackamas Industrial Center
12/23/2021
51,174
Total Acquisitions
$
3,507,041
Number of
Total Purchase
($ in thousands)
Acquisition Date
Buildings
Price (1)
2020 Acquisitions:
Norcross Industrial Center
3/23/2020
$
9,505
Port 146 Distribution Center
4/14/2020
9,571
Lima Distribution Center
4/15/2020
11,622
Valwood Crossroads
5/11/2020
69,999
Eaglepoint Logistics Center
5/26/2020
40,216
7A Distribution Center II
5/27/2020
23,218
Legacy Logistics Center
6/3/2020
39,718
Logistics Center at 33
6/4/2020
63,285
Intermodal Logistics Center
6/29/2020
28,628
Executive Airport II & III
9/3/2020
33,200
Airpark International Logistics Center
10/9/2020
30,201
Carlstadt Industrial Center
11/10/2020
37,530
Nelson Industrial Center
12/7/2020
9,032
Miraloma Industrial Center
12/10/2020
9,498
Pennsy Logistics Center
12/18/2020
60,097
Total Acquisitions
$
475,320
(1) Total purchase price is equal to the total consideration paid plus any debt assumed at fair value. There was no debt assumed in connection with the 2021 and 2020 acquisitions.
(2) Refer to “Note 5” for further detail regarding the acquisition of the Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio as a result of the BTC I Partnership Transaction.
During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company allocated the purchase price of its acquisitions to land, building and improvements, and intangible lease assets and liabilities as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Land
$
740,909
$
124,368
Building and improvements
2,612,901
313,833
Intangible lease assets
210,332
38,954
Above-market lease assets
6,417
2,438
Construction in progress
8,067
-
Below-market lease liabilities
(71,585)
(4,273)
Total purchase price (1)
$
3,507,041
$
475,320
(1) Total purchase price is equal to the total consideration paid plus any debt assumed at fair value. There was no debt assumed in connection with the 2021 and 2020 acquisitions.
Intangible and above-market lease assets are amortized over the remaining lease term. Below-market lease liabilities are amortized over the remaining lease term, plus any below-market, fixed-rate renewal option periods. The weighted-average amortization periods for the intangible lease assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, as of the respective date of each acquisition, was 4.9 years and 5.9 years, respectively.
4. INVESTMENT IN REAL ESTATE
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s consolidated investment in real estate properties consisted of 193 and 65 industrial buildings, respectively.
As of December 31,
(in thousands)
Land
$
1,127,147
$
385,988
Building and improvements
3,510,401
885,489
Intangible lease assets
342,538
119,765
Construction in progress
27,075
4,203
Investment in real estate properties
5,007,161
1,395,445
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(186,269)
(72,924)
Net investment in real estate properties
$
4,820,892
$
1,322,521
Intangible Lease Assets and Liabilities
Intangible lease assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 included the following:
As of December 31, 2021
As of December 31, 2020
Accumulated
Accumulated
(in thousands)
Gross
Amortization
Net
Gross
Amortization
Net
Intangible lease assets (1)
$
332,176
$
(74,001)
$
258,175
$
115,821
$
(32,699)
$
83,122
Above-market lease assets (1)
10,362
(1,838)
8,524
3,944
(694)
3,250
Below-market lease liabilities
(89,056)
12,624
(76,432)
(17,471)
5,862
(11,609)
(1) Included in net investment in real estate properties on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table details the estimated net amortization of such intangible lease assets and liabilities, as of December 31, 2021, for the next five years and thereafter:
Estimated Net Amortization
Intangible
Above-Market
Below-Market
(in thousands)
Lease Assets
Lease Assets
Lease Liabilities
Year 1
$
67,302
$
1,594
$
15,295
Year 2
53,785
1,490
13,055
Year 3
40,436
1,233
11,041
Year 4
29,296
1,091
9,218
Year 5
19,710
6,392
Thereafter
47,646
2,121
21,431
Total
$
258,175
$
8,524
$
76,432
Future Minimum Rent
Future minimum base rental payments, which equal the cash basis of monthly contractual rent, owed to the Company from its customers under the terms of non-cancelable operating leases in effect as of December 31, 2021, excluding rental revenues from the potential renewal or replacement of existing leases, were as follows for the next five years and thereafter:
As of December 31,
(in thousands)
Year 1
$
211,739
Year 2
190,224
Year 3
166,692
Year 4
136,186
Year 5
106,054
Thereafter
282,385
Total
$
1,093,280
Rental Revenue Adjustments and Depreciation and Amortization Expense
The following table summarizes straight-line rent adjustments, amortization recognized as an increase (decrease) to rental revenues from above-and below-market lease assets and liabilities, and real estate-related depreciation and amortization expense:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Increase (Decrease) to Rental Revenue:
Straight-line rent adjustments
$
9,101
$
4,859
$
2,703
Above-market lease amortization
(1,144)
(483)
(196)
Below-market lease amortization
6,762
3,368
1,913
Real Estate-Related Depreciation and Amortization:
Depreciation expense
$
70,898
$
25,489
$
11,952
Intangible lease asset amortization
41,303
20,994
10,284
5. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURE PARTNERSHIPS
On July 15, 2020, the Company acquired, from a subsidiary of Industrial Property Trust (“IPT”), interests in two joint venture partnerships, the Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP (the “BTC I Partnership”) and the Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership II LP (the “BTC II Partnership” and, together with the BTC I Partnership, the “BTC Partnerships”). The BTC Partnerships were formed with third party investors for purposes of investing in industrial properties located in certain major U.S. distribution markets.
On June 15, 2021, the Company, through two of its subsidiaries, entered into a transaction (the “BTC I Partnership Transaction”) with its joint venture partners in the BTC I Partnership, QR Master Holdings USA II LP (the “QR Limited Partner”) and Industrial Property Advisors Sub I LLC (the “BTC I SLP”). The BTC I SLP is indirectly owned by the Chairman of the Company’s board of directors. Pursuant to the BTC I Partnership Transaction, the Company, the QR Limited Partner, and the BTC I SLP agreed to split the real property portfolio of the BTC I Partnership in an equitable manner, such that following the split, the Company and the QR Limited Partner (together with certain of its affiliates), each own a 100% interest in approximately half of the portfolio of the BTC I Partnership (excluding one property that was distributed to the BTC I SLP). As a result of this transaction, the Company has a 100% interest in 22 buildings that were previously part of the BTC I Partnership (the “Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio”). The Company and the BTC I SLP have no further interest in the BTC I Partnership as a result of the BTC I Partnership Transaction. The total cost of these properties to the Company is $876.7 million, which includes the cost of the Company’s minority joint venture interest in the BTC I Partnership and the Company’s incremental additional investment of approximately $580 million, exclusive of transaction costs, to effect the split of the BTC I Portfolio. The Company has elected the cost accumulation and allocation model to account for the BTC I Partnership Transaction, which allocates the cost of the acquisition at the carrying amount of the previously held interest, along with the incremental consideration paid and transaction costs incurred based on relative fair values.
The Agreement of Limited Partnership of the BTC II Partnership, as amended (the “BTC II Partnership Agreement”) contains procedures for making incentive fee distributions to the Company and Industrial Property Advisors Sub IV LLC (“BTC II SLP”), an affiliate of the Advisor, which are subject to the achievement of certain return thresholds. The thresholds to calculate and realize the incentive fee were achieved in the fourth quarter of 2021. Prior to the incentive fee distribution, the Company, through a subsidiary, owned an 8.0% minority interest in the BTC II Partnership, as general partner and as a limited partner. A third-party institutional investor (“QR Limited Partner”), owned a 90.0% limited partner interest and an entity in which three of the Company’s affiliated directors and each of the Company’s executive officers own an interest (“BCG Limited Partner”) owned a 2.0% limited partner interest. In addition, the BTC II SLP owned a special limited partner interest in the BTC II Partnership. The Company elected to receive its portion of the incentive fee distribution as an increase of its interest in the BTC II Partnership from 8.0% to 12.0%, in lieu of cash. The BTC II SLP elected to receive a portion of its share of the incentive fee distribution as a cash payment of $84.5 million and the remainder was issued as a 7.8% interest in the BTC II Partnership. The increase in the Company’s ownership was recognized within equity in (income) loss from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s) in the amount of $47.7 million on the consolidated statement of operations in the fourth quarter of 2021.
The Company has reported its investments in the BTC Partnerships under the equity method on its consolidated balance sheets, because with respect to the BTC I Partnership, for the period prior to the BTC I Partnership Transaction, the Company had the ability to exercise significant influence but did not have control over the partnership. Similarly, with respect to the BTC II Partnership, the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence but does not have control of the partnership. The following table summarizes the Company’s investment in the BTC Partnerships:
As of
Investment in Unconsolidated
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
Joint Venture Partnership(s) as of
Ownership
Number of
Ownership
Number of
December 31,
December 31,
($ in thousands)
Percentage
Buildings (1)
Percentage
Buildings (1)
BTC I Partnership
-
%
-
26.8
%
$
-
$
279,108
BTC II Partnership
12.0
%
8.0
%
101,769
45,134
Total BTC Partnerships
$
101,769
$
324,242
(1) Represents acquired or completed buildings.
As of December 31, 2021, the book value of the Company’s investment in the BTC II Partnership was $101.8 million, which includes $39.6 million of outside basis difference. The outside basis difference originated from the difference between the purchase price paid by the Company for the minority ownership interest in the BTC II Partnership, which was based on fair value, and the book value of the Company’s share of the underlying net assets and liabilities of the joint venture partnership. The difference between the fair value and book value of the Company’s additional share of underlying net assets and liabilities received as payment of the incentive fee distribution resulted in additional outside basis during the year ended December 31, 2021. See “Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding transactions effected subsequent to December 31, 2021 with respect to the BTC II Partnership.
6. DEBT
The Company’s consolidated indebtedness is currently comprised of borrowings under its line of credit, term loans and mortgage notes. Borrowings under the non-recourse mortgage notes are secured by mortgages or deeds of trust and related assignments and security interests in collateralized and certain cross-collateralized properties, which are generally owned by single purpose entities. A summary of the Company’s debt is as follows:
Weighted-Average Effective
Interest Rate as of
Balance as of
December 31,
December 31,
December 31,
December 31,
($ in thousands)
Maturity Date
Line of credit (1)
1.40
%
1.44
%
November 2023
$
-
$
-
Term loan (2)
2.23
2.23
February 2024
415,000
415,000
Term loan (3)
1.66
-
May 2026
600,000
-
Fixed-rate mortgage notes (4)
2.93
3.14
August 2024 - January 2029
628,890
167,750
Floating-rate mortgage notes (5)
1.74
-
January 2025 - July 2025
617,250
-
Total principal amount / weighted-average (6)
2.14
%
2.49
%
$
2,261,140
$
582,750
Less unamortized debt issuance costs
$
(16,106)
$
(4,430)
Add mark-to-market adjustment on assumed debt, net
Total debt, net
$
2,245,673
$
579,171
Gross book value of properties encumbered by debt
$
1,835,561
$
299,318
(1) The effective interest rate is calculated based on either: (i) the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin ranging from 1.30% to 2.10%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.30% to 1.10%, each depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. Customary fall-back provisions apply if LIBOR is unavailable. The line of credit is available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the acquisition and operation of permitted investments by the Company. As of December 31, 2021, total commitments for the line of credit were $430.0 million, and the unused and available portions under the line of credit were both $430.0 million.
(2) The effective interest rate is calculated based on either (i) LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.05%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.05%, depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The weighted-
average effective interest rate is the all-in interest rate, including the effects of interest rate swap agreements. This term loan is available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the acquisition and operation of permitted investments by the Company.
(3) The effective interest rate is calculated based on either (i) LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 2.20%; or (ii) an alternative base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.35% to 1.20%, depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The weighted-average effective interest rate is the all-in interest rate, including the effects of interest rate swap agreements. This term loan is available for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, the acquisition and operation of permitted investments by the Company.
(4) Interest rates range from 2.85% to 3.75%. The assets and credit of each of the Company’s consolidated properties pledged as collateral for the Company’s mortgage notes are not available to satisfy the Company’s other debt and obligations, unless the Company first satisfies the mortgage notes payable on the respective underlying properties.
(5) The effective interest rate of the $209.3 million mortgage note is calculated based on LIBOR plus a margin of 1.50%. The effective interest rate of the $408.0 million mortgage note is calculated based on an Adjusted Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Adjusted SOFR”) plus a margin of 1.65%.
(6) The weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s consolidated debt was approximately 4.2 years as of December 31, 2021, excluding any extension options on the line of credit and the floating-rate mortgage notes.
As of December 31, 2021, the principal payments due on the Company’s consolidated debt during each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:
(in thousands)
Line of Credit (1)
Term Loans
Mortgage Notes (2)
Total
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
-
-
-
-
-
415,000
38,000
453,000
-
-
617,250
617,250
-
600,000
-
600,000
Thereafter
-
-
590,890
590,890
Total principal payments
$
-
$
1,015,000
$
1,246,140
$
2,261,140
(1) The line of credit matures in November 2023 and the term may be extended pursuant to a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions.
(2) The $209.3 million mortgage note matures in July 2025 and the term may be extended pursuant to a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions. The $408.0 million mortgage note matures in January 2025 and the term may be extended pursuant to two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions.
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) that regulates LIBOR announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. As a result, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”), which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative rate for LIBOR in derivatives and other financial contracts. The Company is not able to predict when LIBOR will cease to be available or when there will be sufficient liquidity in the SOFR markets. Any changes adopted by the FCA or other governing bodies in the method used for determining LIBOR may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in reported LIBOR. If that were to occur, our interest payments could change. In addition, uncertainty about the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher or lower than if LIBOR were to remain available in the current form.
LIBOR is expected to be phased out or modified by June 2023. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s term loans and $209.3 million mortgage note are its only indebtedness with initial or extended maturity dates beyond 2023 that have exposure to LIBOR. The agreements governing the term loans provide procedures for determining a replacement or alternative base rate in the event that LIBOR is discontinued. However, there can be no assurances as to whether such replacement or alternative base rate will be more or less favorable than LIBOR. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has interest rate swaps in place to hedge LIBOR on $350.0 million of commitments under its $415.0 million term loan and on $225.0 million of commitments under its $600.0 million term loan. Additionally, we have one interest rate cap in place on $170.0 million of borrowings under our $209.3 million mortgage note, as of December 31, 2021. The Company intends to monitor the developments with respect to the potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2023 and work with its lenders to seek to ensure any transition away from LIBOR will have minimal impact on its financial condition but can provide no assurances regarding the impact of the discontinuation of LIBOR.
Debt Covenants
The Company’s line of credit, term loans and mortgage note agreements contain various property-level covenants, including customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, the line of credit and term loan agreements contain certain corporate level financial covenants, including leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio, and tangible net worth thresholds. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2021.
Derivative Instruments
To manage interest rate risk for certain of its variable-rate debt, the Company uses interest rate swaps as part of its risk management strategy. These derivatives are designed to mitigate the risk of future interest rate increases by providing a fixed interest rate for a limited, pre-determined period of time. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty at the end of each period in which the interest rate exceeds the agreed fixed price. Interest rate caps are not designated as hedges. Certain of the Company’s variable-rate borrowings are not hedged, and therefore, to an extent, the Company has on-going exposure to interest rate movements.
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) on the consolidated balance sheets and is reclassified into earnings as interest expense for the same period that the hedged transaction affects earnings, which is when the interest expense is recognized on the related debt. The gain or loss on the derivative instrument is presented in the same line item on the consolidated statement of operations as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The interest rate cap derivative instruments are not designated as hedges and therefore, changes in fair value are recognized through income.
During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that approximately $2.8 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense related to active effective hedges of existing floating-rate debt.
The following table summarizes the location and fair value of the derivative instruments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Number of
Notional
Balance Sheet
Fair
($ in thousands)
Contracts
Amount
Location
Value
As of December 31, 2021
Interest rate swaps
$
575,000
Other assets
$
2,653
Interest rate caps
578,000
Other assets
3,164
Total derivative instruments
$
1,153,000
$
5,817
As of December 31, 2020
Interest rate swaps
$
350,000
Other liabilities
$
(9,809)
The following table presents the effect of the Company’s derivative instruments on the Company’s consolidated financial statements:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Gain (loss) recognized in AOCI
$
8,298
$
(14,140)
$
2,642
Amount reclassified from AOCI into interest expense
4,164
2,141
(452)
Total interest expense presented in the consolidated statements of operations in which the effects of the cash flow hedges are recorded
30,463
13,012
9,115
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Loss recognized in income
$
(177)
$
-
$
-
7. DST PROGRAM
On May 1, 2021, the Company initiated a program to raise capital through private placement offerings by selling beneficial interests (the “DST Interests”) in specific Delaware statutory trusts holding real properties (the “DST Program”). Under the DST Program, each private placement offers interests in one or more real properties placed into one or more Delaware statutory trust(s) by the Operating Partnership or its affiliates (“DST Properties”). DST Properties may be sourced from properties currently indirectly owned by the Operating Partnership or newly acquired properties. The underlying interests of real properties sold to investors pursuant to such private placements are leased-back by an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership on a long-term basis. These master lease agreements are fully guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. Additionally, the Operating Partnership retains a fair market value purchase option giving it the right, but not the obligation, to acquire the interests in the Delaware statutory trusts from the investors at a later time in exchange for OP Units.
Under the master lease, the Company is responsible for subleasing the property to occupying customers and all underlying costs associated with operating the property, and is responsible for paying rent to the Delaware statutory trust that owns such property. As such, for financial reporting purposes (and not for income tax purposes), the DST Properties are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, with the master lease rent payment obligations taking the place of the cost of equity and debt capital. Accordingly, for financial reporting purposes, the rental revenues and rental expenses associated with the underlying property of each master lease are included in the respective line item on the consolidated statements of operations. Consistent with the foregoing, rental payments made to the Delaware statutory trusts pursuant to the master lease agreements are accounted for using the interest method whereby a portion is accounted for as interest expense and a portion is accounted for as an accretion or amortization of the outstanding principal balance of the financing obligations. The net amount the Company receives from the underlying properties subject to the master lease may be more or less than the amount it pays to the investors of the DST Program and could fluctuate over time.
Consistent with the financial reporting position described herein, the proceeds from each private placement under the DST Program are accounted for as a financing obligation on the consolidated balance sheets due to the fact that the Company has an option (which may or may not be exercised) to purchase the interests in the Delaware statutory trusts and thereby acquire the real property owned by the Delaware statutory trusts. Consistent with the financial reporting position described herein, upfront costs incurred for services provided by the Advisor and its affiliates related to the DST Program are accounted for as deferred loan costs and are netted against the financing obligation.
In order to facilitate additional capital raise through the DST Program, the Company has made and may continue to offer loans (“DST Program Loans”) to finance a portion of the sale of DST Interests in the trusts holding DST Properties to potential investors. As of December 31, 2021, there were approximately $68.8 million of outstanding DST Program Loans that the Company has made to partially finance the sale of DST Interests. DST Program Loans are evidenced by promissory notes from the investor, secured by the investor’s DST Interests, and based on commercially reasonable terms. DST Program Loans bear interest at market rates that may be fixed or based on LIBOR, or an alternate rate in the event LIBOR is not available, and are non-recourse to the investor (except for certain non-recourse carve-outs). Accordingly, the Company includes its investments in DST Program Loans separately on its consolidated balance sheets in the “DST Program Loans” line item and includes approximately $0.9 million of income earned from DST Program Loans in “other income” on its statements of operations. The Company does not have a significant credit concentration with any individual purchaser as a result of DST Program Loans.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold approximately $492.2 million in gross interests related to the DST Program, including interests financed by $68.8 million of DST Program Loans, and incurred rent obligations of approximately $6.0 million under its master lease agreements with investors who are participating in the DST Program.
Refer to “Note 12” for detail relating to the fees paid to the Advisor, the Dealer Manager and their affiliates for raising capital through the DST Program.
8. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company estimates the fair value of its financial instruments using available market information and valuation methodologies it believes to be appropriate for these purposes. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates and, accordingly, they are not necessarily indicative of amounts that the Company would realize upon disposition of its financial instruments.
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
Total
(in thousands)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Fair Value
As of December 31, 2021
Assets
Interest rate swaps
$
-
$
2,653
$
-
$
2,653
Interest rate caps
-
3,164
-
3,164
Total assets measured at fair value
$
-
$
5,817
$
-
$
5,817
As of December 31, 2020
Liabilities
Interest rate swaps
$
-
$
(9,809)
$
-
$
(9,809)
Total liabilities measured at fair value
$
-
$
(9,809)
$
-
$
(9,809)
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:
Derivative Instruments. The derivative instruments are interest rate swaps and an interest rate cap whose fair value is estimated using market-standard valuation models. Such models involve using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements, which the Company has concluded are not material to the valuation. Due to derivative instruments being unique and not actively traded, the fair value is classified as Level 2. See “Note 6” above for further discussion of the Company’s derivative instruments.
Nonrecurring Fair Value of Financial Measurements
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, tenant receivables, prepaid expenses, other assets, due from/to affiliates, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and distributions payable approximate their carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The table below includes fair values for certain of the Company’s financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. The carrying values and fair values of these financial instruments were as follows:
As of December 31, 2021
As of December 31, 2020
Carrying
Fair
Carrying
Fair
(in thousands)
Value (1)
Value
Value (1)
Value
Assets:
DST Program Loans
$
68,772
$
68,772
$
-
$
-
Liabilities:
Term loans
1,015,000
1,015,000
415,000
411,787
Mortgage notes
1,246,140
1,247,307
167,750
172,008
(1) The carrying value reflects the principal amount outstanding.
9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Public Offerings
The Company intends to conduct a continuous public offering that will not have a predetermined duration, subject to continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws. On August 4, 2021, the SEC declared the Company’s registration statement on Form S-11 with respect to its third public offering of up to $5.0 billion of shares of its common stock effective, and the third public offering commenced the same day. The Company’s second public offering of up to $2.0 billion of shares of its common stock was terminated immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration statement for the third public offering. Under the third public offering, the Company is offering up to $3.75 billion of shares of its common stock in the primary offering and up to $1.25 billion of shares of its common stock pursuant to its distribution reinvestment plan, in any combination of Class T shares, Class D shares (formerly designated as
Class W shares) and Class I shares. The Company may reallocate amounts between the primary offering and distribution reinvestment plan.
The Class T shares, Class D shares, and Class I shares, all of which are collectively referred to herein as shares of common stock, have identical rights and privileges, including identical voting rights, but have differing fees that are payable on a class-specific basis. The per share amount of distributions paid on Class T shares and Class D shares will be lower than the per share amount of distributions paid on Class I shares because of the distribution fees payable with respect to Class T shares and Class D shares sold in the primary offering.
Pursuant to its public offerings, the Company offered and continues to offer shares of its common stock at the “transaction price,” plus applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The “transaction price” generally is equal to the net asset value (“NAV”) per share of the Company’s common stock most recently disclosed. The Company’s NAV per share is calculated as of the last calendar day of each month for each of its outstanding classes of stock, and will be available generally within 15 calendar days after the end of the applicable month. Shares issued pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan are offered at the transaction price, as indicated above, in effect on the distribution date. The Company may update a previously disclosed transaction price in cases where the Company believes there has been a material change (positive or negative) to its NAV per share relative to the most recently disclosed monthly NAV per share.
Summary of the Public Offerings
A summary of the Company’s public offerings, including shares sold through the primary offering and the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”), as of December 31, 2021, is as follows:
(in thousands)
Class T
Class D
Class I
Total
Amount of gross proceeds raised:
Primary offering
$
2,126,507
$
137,799
$
382,352
$
2,646,658
DRIP
82,216
4,927
5,164
92,307
Total offering
$
2,208,723
$
142,726
$
387,516
$
2,738,965
Number of shares issued:
Primary offering
200,987
13,385
36,495
250,867
DRIP
7,932
8,887
Total offering
208,919
13,859
36,976
259,754
As of December 31, 2021, approximately $4.6 billion in shares of common stock remained available for sale pursuant to the Company’s follow-on public offerings in any combination of Class T, Class D and Class I shares, including approximately $1.2 billion in shares of common stock available for sale through the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan, which may be reallocated for sale in the primary offering.
Common Stock
The following table summarizes the changes in the shares outstanding for each class of common stock for the periods presented below:
Class T
Class D
Class I
Total
(in thousands)
Shares
Shares
Shares (1)
Shares
Balance as of December 31, 2018
19,759
20,265
Issuance of common stock:
Primary shares
24,705
2,584
28,224
DRIP
Stock grants
-
-
Redemptions
(111)
(45)
(77)
(233)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
45,240
2,736
1,299
49,275
Issuance of common stock:
Primary shares
83,136
5,032
1,451
89,619
DRIP
2,622
2,841
Stock grants
-
-
Redemptions
(433)
(57)
(3)
(493)
Balance as of December 31, 2020
130,565
7,866
3,040
141,471
Issuance of common stock:
Primary shares
73,534
5,614
33,790
112,938
DRIP
4,234
4,904
Stock grants
-
-
Redemptions
(2,204)
(114)
(32)
(2,350)
Forfeitures
-
-
(27)
(27)
Balance as of December 31, 2021
206,129
13,649
37,391
257,169
(1) Includes 20,000 Class I shares sold to the Advisor in November 2014. See “Note 12” for additional information.
Distributions. The following table summarizes the Company’s distribution activity (including distributions reinvested in shares of the Company’s common stock) for each of the quarters ended below:
Amount
Declared per
Paid in
Reinvested
Distribution
Gross
(in thousands, except per share data)
Common Share (1)
Cash
in Shares
Fees (2)
Distributions (3)
December 31
$
0.13625
$
12,434
$
16,895
$
5,146
$
34,475
September 30
0.13625
11,020
15,219
4,263
30,502
June 30
0.13625
8,552
12,295
3,373
24,220
March 31
0.13625
6,721
10,310
3,240
20,271
Total
$
0.54500
$
38,727
$
54,719
$
16,022
$
109,468
December 31
$
0.13625
$
6,159
$
9,315
$
3,230
$
18,704
September 30
0.13625
5,601
8,451
2,952
17,004
June 30
0.13625
5,194
7,812
2,710
15,716
March 31
0.13625
3,339
5,077
1,742
10,158
Total
$
0.54500
$
20,293
$
30,655
$
10,634
$
61,582
December 31
$
0.13625
$
2,058
$
3,242
$
1,105
$
6,405
September 30
0.13625
1,841
2,866
5,699
June 30
0.13625
1,558
2,319
4,695
March 31
0.13625
1,178
1,744
3,542
$
0.54500
$
6,635
$
10,171
$
3,535
$
20,341
(1) Amounts reflect the quarterly distribution rate authorized by the Company’s board of directors per Class T share, per Class D share, and per Class I share of common stock. Distributions were declared and paid as of monthly record dates. These monthly distributions have been aggregated and presented on a quarterly basis. The distributions on Class T shares and Class D shares of common stock are reduced by the respective distribution fees that are payable with respect to such Class T shares and Class D shares.
(2) Distribution fees are paid monthly to the Ares Wealth Management Solutions, LLC (formerly known as Black Creek Capital Markets, LLC, the “Dealer Manager”) with respect to Class T shares and Class D shares issued in the primary portion of the Company’s public offerings only. Refer to “Note 12” for further detail regarding distribution fees.
(3) Gross distributions are total distributions before the deduction of any distribution fees relating to Class T shares and Class D shares issued in the primary portion of the Company’s public offerings.
Redemptions
Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, a stockholder may redeem shares of the Company’s common stock, regardless of share class, for cash at a price equal to the transaction price in effect as of the last calendar day of that month, except that shares of the Company’s common stock that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be redeemed at 95.0% of the transaction price. The “transaction price” generally will be equal to the NAV per share of the Company’s common stock most recently disclosed by the Company. Redemptions are limited by the Company in accordance with a monthly and quarterly cap. While the Company is not obligated to redeem shares of its common stock under its share redemption program, it intends to redeem shares under its share redemption program on a monthly basis. However, the Company’s board of directors may determine from time to time to adjust the timing of redemptions or suspend or otherwise modify the Company’s share redemption program.
The following table summarizes the Company’s redemption activity for the periods presented below:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
Number of eligible shares redeemed
2,350
Aggregate dollar amount of shares redeemed
$
25,109
$
4,867
$
2,285
Average redemption price per share
$
10.68
$
9.87
$
9.81
10. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
The Operating Partnership issued OP Units to the Former Sponsor as payment of the performance participation allocation (also referred to as the performance component of the advisory fee) pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. The Former Sponsor subsequently transferred these OP Units to its members or their affiliates. The Company has classified these OP Units as redeemable noncontrolling interests in mezzanine equity on the consolidated balance sheets because, as provided in the agreement of limited partnership of the Operating Partnership (the “Partnership Agreement”), the limited partners who hold these OP Units have the ability to tender the OP Units at any time, irrespective of the period that they have held such OP Units, and the Operating Partnership is required to satisfy such redemption for cash unless such cash redemption would be prohibited by applicable law or the Partnership Agreement, in which case such OP Units will be redeemed for shares of the Company’s common stock of the class corresponding to the class of such OP Units. The redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded at the greater of the carrying amount, adjusted for its share of the allocation of income or loss and dividends, or the redemption value, which is equivalent to fair value, of such OP Units at the end of each measurement period.
The following table summarizes the redeemable noncontrolling interests activity for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
For the Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
3,648
$
Settlement of prior year performance participation allocation (1)
9,640
2,913
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(715)
(197)
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(498)
(83)
Change from cash flow hedging activities attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(59)
Redemption value allocation adjustment to redeemable noncontrolling interests
3,531
Balance at end of year
$
15,687
$
3,648
(1) The 2020 performance participation allocation in the amount of $9.6 million became payable to the Former Sponsor on December 31, 2020. At the Advisor’s election, it was paid in the form of Class I OP Units valued at $9.6 million (based on the NAV per unit as of December 31, 2020), which were issued to the Former Sponsor in January 2021 and subsequently transferred to its members or their affiliates. The 2019 performance participation allocation in the amount of $2.9 million became payable to the Former Sponsor on December 31, 2019. At the Advisor’s election, it was paid in the form of Class I OP Units valued at $2.9 million (based on the NAV per unit as of December 31, 2019), which were issued to the Former Sponsor in January 2020 and subsequently transferred to its members or their affiliates.
11. INCOME TAXES
Distributions
Distributions to stockholders are characterized for U.S. federal income tax purposes as: (i) ordinary income; (ii) non-taxable return of capital; or (iii) long-term capital gain. Distributions that exceed the Company’s current and accumulated tax earnings and profits constitute a return of capital and reduce the stockholders’ basis in the common shares. To the extent that a distribution exceeds both current and accumulated earnings and profits and the stockholders’ basis in the common shares, the distributions will generally be treated as a gain from the sale or exchange of such stockholders’ common shares. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026, all distributions (other than distributions designated as capital gain distributions and distributions traceable to distributions from a taxable REIT subsidiary) which are received by a pass-through entity or an individual, are eligible for a 20% deduction from gross income. At the beginning of
each year, the Company notifies its stockholders of the taxability of the distributions paid during the preceding year. The unaudited preliminary taxability of the Company’s 2021, 2020 and 2019 distributions were:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(unaudited)
Ordinary income
11.6
%
7.1
%
-
%
Non-taxable return of capital
34.8
92.9
100.0
Long-term capital gain
53.6
-
-
Total distribution
100.0
%
100.0
%
100.0
%
Our overall taxability increased in 2021 as compared to 2020 primarily due to increased capital gain taxability, which was driven by the BTC I Transaction and the sale of assets to the taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) associated with the initiation of the AIREX DST Program during 2021. Additionally, the increase in ordinary income taxability was primarily driven by the significant growth of the Company during 2021.
12. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company relies on the Advisor, a related party, to manage the Company’s day-to-day operating and acquisition activities and to implement the Company’s investment strategy pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement. The current term of the Advisory Agreement ends May 1, 2022, subject to renewals by the Company’s board of directors for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods. The Dealer Manager provides dealer manager services in connection with the third public offering pursuant to the terms of the dealer manager agreement, dated as of February 11, 2022 (the “Dealer Manager Agreement”), by and among the Company, the Advisor and the Dealer Manager. On July 1, 2021, Ares closed on the acquisition of Black Creek Group’s U.S. real estate investment advisory and distribution business, including the Company’s Former Advisor (the “Transaction”). On the same date, the Company’s Former Advisor assigned the then-current advisory agreement to the Company’s New Advisor. Ares did not acquire the Former Sponsor, and the Company now considers Ares real estate group to be the Company’s sponsor. Prior to the Transaction, the Former Sponsor, which owned the Former Advisor, was directly or indirectly majority owned by the estate of John A. Blumberg, James R. Mulvihill and Evan H. Zucker and/or their affiliates and the Former Sponsor and the Former Advisor were jointly controlled by the estate of Mr. Blumberg, Messrs Mulvihill and Zucker and/or their respective affiliates. The Advisor, the Sponsor and the Dealer Manager receive compensation in the form of fees and expense reimbursements for services relating to the public offerings and for the investment and management of the Company’s assets. The following is a description of the fees and expense reimbursements payable to the Advisor, the Sponsor, and the Dealer Manager. This summary does not purport to be a complete summary of the Advisory Agreement, the Dealer Manager Agreement, and the tenth amended and restated limited partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership.
Selling Commissions, Dealer Manager Fees and Distribution Fees. The Dealer Manager is entitled to receive upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees with respect to Class T shares sold in the primary offering. The upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees are calculated as a percentage of the offering price at the time of purchase of such shares. All or a portion of the upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees will be retained by, or reallowed to, participating broker dealers. In addition, the Dealer Manager is entitled to receive ongoing distribution fees based on the NAV of Class T shares and Class D shares sold in the primary portion of the offerings. The distribution fees will be payable monthly in arrears and will be paid on a continuous basis from year to year. The Dealer Manager will reallow the distribution fees to participating broker dealers and broker dealers servicing accounts of investors who own Class T shares and/or Class D shares. The following table details the selling commissions, dealer manager fees and distribution fees applicable for each share class. With respect to Class T shares, the distribution fees were payable at a rate of 1.0% of NAV per annum for periods prior to March 1, 2021. With respect to Class D shares, the distribution fees are payable at a rate of 0.25% of NAV per annum for periods after December 31, 2021.
Class T
Class D
Class I
Selling commissions (as % of offering price)
up to 2.0
%
-
%
-
%
Dealer manager fees (as % of offering price)
up to 2.5
%
-
%
-
%
Distribution fees (as % of NAV per annum)
0.85
%
0.50
%
-
%
The Company will cease paying the distribution fees with respect to individual Class T shares and Class D shares when they are no longer outstanding, including as a result of a conversion to Class I shares. Each Class T share or Class D share held within a stockholder’s account shall automatically and without any action on the part of the holder thereof convert into a number of Class I shares at the applicable conversion rate on the earliest of: (i) a listing of any shares of the Company’s common stock on a national securities exchange;
(ii) the Company’s merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; and (iii) the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager, in conjunction with the Company’s transfer agent, determines that the total upfront selling commissions, upfront dealer manager fees and ongoing distribution fees paid with respect to all shares of such class held by such stockholder within such account (including shares purchased through the distribution reinvestment plan or received as stock dividends) equals or exceeds 8.5% of the aggregate purchase price of all shares of such class held by such stockholder within such account and purchased in the primary portion of the offerings.
Advisory Fee. The advisory fee consists of a fixed component and a performance participation allocation. The fixed component of the advisory fee includes a fee that will be paid monthly to the Advisor for asset management services provided to the Company in an amount equal to 1/12th of 1.25% of (a) the applicable monthly NAV per Fund Interest times the weighted-average number of Fund Interests for such month and (b) the consideration received by the Company or its affiliates for selling interests in properties under the DST Program. Prior to February 16, 2021, the fixed component of the advisory fee was accrued in the amount of 1/12th of 0.80% of the aggregate cost of each real property asset within the Company’s portfolio. “Fund Interests” means the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock and any OP Units held by third parties.
The performance participation allocation, which will be paid to the holder of a separate series of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership with special distribution rights (the “Special Units”), is a performance based amount in the form of an allocation and distribution. This amount will be paid to the holder of the Special Units, so long as the Advisory Agreement has not been terminated, as a performance participation interest with respect to the Special Units or, at the election of the Advisor, all or a portion of this amount will be paid instead to the Special Unit Holder in the form of a cash fee, as described in the Advisory Agreement.
The performance participation allocation is calculated as the lesser of: (1) 12.5% of (a) the annual total return amount less (b) any loss carryforward; and (2) the amount equal to (x) the annual total return amount, less (y) any loss carryforward, less (z) the amount needed to achieve an annual total return amount equal to 5.0% of the NAV per Fund Interest at the beginning of such year (the “Hurdle Amount”). The foregoing calculations are calculated on a per Fund Interest basis and multiplied by the weighted average Fund Interests outstanding during the year. In no event will the performance participation allocation be less than zero. Accordingly, if the annual total return amount exceeds the Hurdle Amount plus the amount of any loss carryforward, then the performance participation allocation will be equal to 100.0% of such excess, but limited to 12.5% of the annual total return amount that is in excess of the loss carryforward.
The “annual total return amount” referred to above means all distributions paid or accrued per Fund Interest plus any change in NAV per Fund Interest since the end of the prior calendar year, adjusted to exclude the negative impact on annual total return resulting from the Company’s payment or obligation to pay, or distribute, as applicable, the performance participation allocation as well as ongoing distribution fees (i.e., the Company’s ongoing class-specific fees). If the performance participation allocation is being calculated with respect to a year in which the Company completes a liquidity event, for purposes of determining the annual total return amount, the change in NAV per Fund Interest will be deemed to equal the difference between the NAV per Fund Interest as of the end of the prior calendar year and the value per Fund Interest determined in connection with such liquidity event, as described in the Advisory Agreement. The “loss carryforward” referred to above tracks any negative annual total return amounts from prior years and offsets the positive annual total return amount for purposes of the calculation of the performance participation allocation. The loss carryforward was zero as of December 31, 2021.
Organization and Offering Expenses. The Advisor agreed to advance all of the Company’s organization and offering expenses on the Company’s behalf, excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and distribution fees, through December 31, 2019. The Company agreed to reimburse the Advisor for all such advanced expenses ratably over the 60 months following December 31, 2019 and reimbursed in full in January 2021, as described below. Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company either pays organization and offering expenses directly or reimburses the Advisor and the Dealer Manager for any organization and offering expenses that it pays on the Company’s behalf as and when incurred. The Company’s total cumulative organization and offering expenses may not exceed 15.0% of the gross proceeds from the primary portion of the applicable offering. As such, the Company would not consider organization and offering expenses above that amount to be payable, but such amounts may become payable in the future. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s cumulative organization and offering expenses had not exceeded 15.0% of the gross proceeds from the primary portion of the offerings. There were no organization and offering expenses owed to the Advisor by the Company as of December 31, 2021.
Development Fees. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay the Advisor a development fee in connection with providing services related to the development, construction, improvement or stabilization, including tenant improvements, of development properties or overseeing the provision of these services by third parties on behalf of the Company. The fee will be an amount
that will be equal to 4.0% of total project cost of the development property (or the Company’s proportional interest therein with respect to real property held in joint ventures or other entities that are co-owned). If the Advisor engages a third party to provide development services, the third party will be compensated directly by the Company, and the Advisor will receive the development fee if it provides development oversight services.
Fees from Other Services. The Company may retain certain of the Advisor’s affiliates, from time to time, for services relating to the Company’s investments or its operations, which may include property management services, leasing services, corporate services, statutory services, transaction support services, construction and development management, and loan management and servicing, and within one or more such categories, providing services in respect of asset and/or investment administration, accounting, technology, tax preparation, finance, treasury, operational coordination, risk management, insurance placement, human resources, legal and compliance, valuation and reporting-related services, as well as services related to mortgage servicing, group purchasing, healthcare, consulting/brokerage, capital markets/credit origination, property, title and/or other types of insurance, management consulting and other similar operational matters. Any fees paid to the Advisor’s affiliates for any such services will not reduce the advisory fees. Any such arrangements will be at market rates or reimbursement of costs.
Acquisition Expense Reimbursements. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, subject to certain limitations, the Company agreed to reimburse the Advisor for all acquisition expenses incurred on the Company’s behalf in connection with the selection, acquisition, development or origination of its investments, whether or not such investments are acquired. As these expense reimbursements were not directly attributable to a specified property, they were expensed as incurred on the consolidated statements of operations.
Property-Level Accounting Services. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay the Advisor a property accounting fee in connection with providing services related to accounting for real property operations, including the maintenance of the real property’s books and records in accordance with GAAP and the Company’s policies, procedures, and internal controls, in a timely manner, and the processing of real property-related cash receipts and disbursements. The property accounting fee is equal to the difference between: (i) the property management fee charged with respect to each real property, which reflects the market rate for all real property management services, including property-level accounting services, based on rates charged for similar properties within the region or market in which the real property is located, and (ii) the amount paid to third-party property management firms for property management services, which fee is based on an arm’s length negotiation with a third party property management service provider (the difference between (i) and (ii), the “property accounting fee”).
DST Program
DST Program Dealer Manager Fees. In connection with the DST Program, as described in “Note 7,” Ares Industrial Real Estate Exchange LLC (“AIREX,” formerly known as Black Creek Industrial Exchange LLC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of our taxable REIT subsidiary that is wholly-owned by the Operating Partnership, entered into a dealer manager agreement with the Dealer Manager, pursuant to which the Dealer Manager agreed to conduct the private placements for interests reflecting an indirect ownership of up to $1.5 billion of interests. The Advisor, Dealer Manager and certain of their affiliates receive fees and reimbursements in connection with their roles in the DST Program, which costs are substantially funded by the private investors in that program, through one or more purchase price “mark ups” of the initial estimated fair value of the DST Properties to be sold to investors, fees paid by the investors at the time of investment, or deductions from distributions paid to such investors.
AIREX will pay certain up-front fees and reimburse certain related expenses to the Dealer Manager with respect to capital raised through the DST Program. AIREX is obligated to pay the Dealer Manager a dealer manager fee of up to 1.5% of gross equity proceeds raised and a commission of up to 5.0% of gross equity proceeds raised through the private placements. In addition, with respect to certain classes of interests (or the corresponding classes of OP Units or shares for which they may be exchanged in certain circumstances) we, the Operating Partnership or AIREX will pay the Dealer Manager ongoing fees in amounts up to 1.0% of the equity investment or net asset value thereof per year. The Dealer Manager may re-allow such commissions, ongoing fees and a portion of such dealer manager fees to participating broker dealers. In addition, pursuant to the dealer manager agreement for the DST Program, we, or our subsidiaries, are obligated to reimburse the Dealer Manager for (a) customary travel, lodging, meals and reasonable entertainment expenses incurred in connection with the private placements; (b) costs and expenses of conducting educational conferences and seminars, attending broker-dealer sponsored conferences, or educational conferences sponsored by AIREX; (c) customary promotional items; and (d) legal fees of the Dealer Manager.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement and Operating Partnership Agreement, DST Properties are included when calculating the fixed advisory fee and the performance participation allocation due to the Advisor. Furthermore, because the Advisor funds certain Dealer
Manager personnel costs that are not reimbursed under the DST Program dealer manager agreement, we have also agreed to pay the Advisor a fee equal to the fee paid by DST Program investors for these costs, which is up to 1.5% of the total equity amount paid for the interests.
DST Manager Fees. AIREX Manager LLC (formerly known as BC Industrial Exchange Manager LLC, the “DST Manager”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, acts, directly or through a wholly-owned subsidiary, as the manager of each Delaware statutory trust holding a DST Property, but has assigned all of its rights and obligations as manager (including fees and reimbursements received) to AIREX Advisor LLC (“DST Advisor”), an affiliate of the Advisor. While the intention is to sell 100% of the interests to third parties, AIREX may hold an interest for a period of time and therefore could be subject to the following description of fees and reimbursements paid to the DST Manager. The DST Manager will have primary responsibility for performing administrative actions in connection with the trust and any DST Property and has the sole power to determine when it is appropriate for a trust to sell a DST Property. For its services, DST Advisor will receive, through the DST Manager, (i) a management fee equal to a stated percentage (e.g., 1.0%) of the gross rents payable to the trust, with such amount to be set on a deal-by-deal basis, (ii) a loan fee of up to 1.0% for any financing provided by us in connection with the DST Program (in which case a subsidiary of ours would provide the debt financing and earn interest thereon, as discussed further below), (iii) reimbursement of certain expenses associated with the establishment, maintenance and operation of the trust and DST Properties and the sale of any DST Property to a third party, and (iv) up to 1.0% of the gross equity proceeds as compensation for the development and design of the DST Program and ongoing oversight of the offering and the DST Program. Furthermore, to the extent that the Operating Partnership exercises its fair market value purchase option to acquire the interests from the investors at a later time in exchange for OP Units, and such investors subsequently submit such OP Units for redemption pursuant to the terms of the Operating Partnership, a redemption fee of up to 1.0% of the amount otherwise payable to a limited partner upon redemption will be paid to DST Manager subject to the terms of the applicable DST Program offering documents.
In connection with the DST Program, AIREX maintains a loan program and may, upon request, provide DST Program Loans to certain purchasers of the interests in the DST Interests to finance a portion of the purchase price payable upon their acquisition of such DST Interests (the “Purchase Price”). The DST Program Loans are made by a subsidiary of ours (the “DST Lender”). The DST Program Loans may differ in original principal amounts. The original principal amount of the DST Program Loans expressed as a percentage of the total Purchase Price for the applicable DST Interests may also vary, but no DST Program Loan to any purchaser will exceed 50% of the Purchase Price paid by such purchaser for its DST Interest in the Trust, excluding the amount of the Origination Fee, as hereinafter defined. Each purchaser that elects to obtain a DST Program Loan, will pay an origination fee to the DST Manager equal to up to 1.0% of the original principal amount of its DST Program Loan (the “Origination Fee”) upon origination of such DST Program Loan, which Origination Fee will be assigned by the DST Manager to an affiliate of the Advisor. The purchaser will be required to represent, among other things, that no portion of the Purchase Price for its DST Interest and no fee paid in connection with the acquisition of its DST Interest (including, without limitation, the Origination Fee) has been or will be funded with any nonrecourse indebtedness other than the DST Program Loan.
The table below summarizes the fees and expenses incurred by the Company for services provided by the Advisor and its affiliates, and by the Dealer Manager related to the services described above, and any related amounts payable:
For the Year Ended December 31,
Payable as of
(in thousands)
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2020
Selling commissions and dealer manager fees (1)
$
15,046
$
39,190
$
11,697
$
-
$
-
Ongoing distribution fees (1)(2)
16,022
10,634
3,535
1,779
1,122
Advisory fee-fixed component
28,558
9,653
4,585
3,864
1,345
Performance participation allocation
81,185
9,640
2,913
81,185
9,640
Other expense reimbursements (3)(4)
11,434
9,928
8,706
2,706
Property accounting fee (5)
1,262
DST Program selling commissions, dealer manager fees and distribution fees (1)
3,527
-
-
-
Other DST Program related costs (4)
5,925
-
-
-
Development fees (6)
-
Total
$
163,896
$
79,672
$
31,749
$
88,030
$
14,896
(1) All or a portion of these amounts will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers.
(2) The distribution fees are payable monthly in arrears. Additionally, the Company accrues for future estimated amounts payable related to ongoing distribution fees. The future estimated amounts payable were approximately $85.4 million and $45.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3) Other expense reimbursements include certain expenses incurred for organization and offering, acquisition and general administrative services provided to us under the advisory agreement, including, but not limited to, certain expenses described below after footnote 6, allocated rent paid to both third parties and affiliates of the Advisor, equipment, utilities, insurance, travel and entertainment.
(4) Includes costs reimbursed to the Advisor related to the DST Program.
(5) The cost of the property management fee, including the property accounting fee, is generally borne by the tenant or tenants at each real property, either via a direct reimbursement to the Company or, in the case of tenants subject to a gross lease, as part of the lease cost. In certain limited circumstances, the Company may pay for a portion of the property management fee, including the property accounting fee, without reimbursement from the tenant or tenants at a real property.
(6) Development fees are included in the total development project costs of the respective properties and are capitalized in construction in progress, which is included in net investment in real estate properties on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Amounts also include the Company’s proportionate share of development acquisition fees relating to the BTC Partnerships, which are included in investment in unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s) on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Certain of the expense reimbursements described in the table above include a portion of the compensation expenses of officers, including a portion of the salary, bonus and benefits of certain of the Company’s named executive officers, as well as employees of the Advisor or its affiliates related to activities for which the Advisor did not otherwise receive a separate fee. The Company reimbursed the Advisor approximately $10.1 million, $8.3 million and $7.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 respectively, for such compensation expenses.
As of December 31, 2020, $17.1 million of organization and offering costs that the Advisor had incurred on the Company’s behalf through December 31, 2019, remained payable to the Advisor. The Company paid this amount to the Advisor in full in January 2021. The Company now pays offering costs directly as and when incurred.
Transactions with Affiliates
The Operating Partnership issued 100 Special Units to the Former Sponsor for consideration of $1,000. The Special Units are classified as noncontrolling interests. On July 1, 2021, the initial 20,000 shares were assigned to the Advisor. On July 1, 2021, the 100 Special Units were assigned to the Advisor and in December 2021, the Advisor assigned the 100 Special Units to its subsidiary, BCI IV Incentive Fee LP (the “Special Unit Holder”).
Performance Participation Allocation
The 2021 performance participation allocation in the amount of $81.2 million became payable on December 31, 2021, and was issued as 6,494,463 Class I OP units in January 2022 to the Special Unit Holder. At the direction of the Advisor and in light of our former sponsor having been the holder of the Special Units for the first six months of 2021, the Special Unit Holder designated 1,610,730 of these Class I OP Units to an entity owned indirectly by the Company’s Chairman, Mr. Zucker, and 1,610,730 of these Class I OP Units to an entity owned indirectly by a member of our former sponsor. The Special Unit Holder transferred 3,273,003 Class I OP Units to the Advisor thereafter and, at the request of the Advisor, the Operating Partnership subsequently redeemed all such Class I OP Units for $40.9 million. The 2020 performance participation allocation in the amount of $9.6 million became payable to the Former Sponsor, as the former holder of the Special Units, on December 31, 2020, and was issued as 950,358 Class I OP units in January 2021 and subsequently transferred to its members, which included Mr. Zucker. Such Class I OP Units were issued at the NAV per unit as of December 31st of the respective year for which the performance participation allocation became payable. As a result of these transactions, as of February 1, 2022, Mr. Zucker owns 2,047,831 Class I OP Units.
Joint Venture Partnerships
For the year ended December 31, 2021, the BTC Partnerships (as described in “Note 5”) incurred in aggregate approximately $10.1 million in acquisition and asset management fees, and fees related to development, which were paid to affiliates of the Advisor pursuant to the respective service agreements, as compared to $6.2 million for the period from July 16, 2020 (the date the Company acquired an interest in the BTC Partnerships) through December 31, 2020. The BTC I Partnership incurred these amounts for periods in 2021 prior to the BTC I Partnership Transaction only. The Company had amounts due to the BTC II Partnership of approximately $0.2 million as of December 31, 2021, which were recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, and had amounts due from the BTC Partnerships in aggregate of approximately $25,000, as of December 31, 2020, which were recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2020, the BTC I Partnership owed the Company $3.2 million for the Company’s overpayment of the required contributions associated with the BTC I Partnership incentive distribution, which was recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. The BTC I Partnership returned the overpayment of the required contributions to the Company in January 2021. In addition, see “Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information about the BTC II Partnership Transaction and see “Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding transactions effected subsequent to December 31, 2021 with respect to the BTC II Partnership.
Expense Support Agreement
On January 1, 2019, the Company, the Advisor and the Operating Partnership entered into the Second Amended and Restated Expense Support Agreement (the “Expense Support Agreement”). The Expense Support Agreement amended and restated the agreement that had been entered into by the Company, the Operating Partnership and the Advisor in October 2016, which was subsequently amended and restated as of July 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement, the Advisor agreed to defer certain fees and fund certain of the Company’s expenses, subject to the terms of the agreement. The Expense Support Agreement was not renewed after the expiration of its effective term on December 31, 2020 and the Company does not expect to receive any additional expense support from the Advisor in the future.
The table below provides information regarding the fees deferred and expense support provided by the Advisor, pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement. The Expense Support Agreement was not renewed after the expiration of its effective term on December 31, 2020. The total aggregate amount paid by the Advisor pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement was $27.1 million, and as of December 31, 2020, all reimbursable amounts had been paid in their entirety, and no amounts remain to be reimbursed to the Advisor.
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Fees deferred
$
-
$
3,896
$
3,895
Other expenses supported
-
9,609
2,243
Total expense support from Advisor
$
-
$
13,505
$
6,138
Reimbursement of previously deferred fees and other expenses supported
-
(13,505)
(13,606)
Total expense support from Advisor, net (1)
$
-
$
-
$
(7,468)
(1) As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, no amounts related to expense support were payable to or receivable from the Advisor. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $5.4 million was payable to the Advisor by the Company and was included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
13. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Supplemental cash flow information and disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities is as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest
$
23,529
$
12,180
$
7,810
Distributions payable
11,747
6,450
2,241
Distributions reinvested in common stock
52,223
28,590
9,482
Increase in DST Program Loans receivable through DST Program capital raising
68,772
-
-
Redeemable noncontrolling interests issued as settlement of performance participation allocation
9,640
2,913
Non-cash redemption of minority ownership interest in BTC I Partnership
279,340
-
-
Change in accrued future ongoing distribution fees
40,458
28,493
9,010
Non-cash settlement of incentive fee income included in equity in (income) loss from unconsolidated joint venture partnership(s)
47,678
-
-
Non-cash selling commissions and dealer manager fees
15,046
39,190
11,697
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of lender and property-related escrow accounts, as well as utility deposits. The following table presents the components of the beginning of period and end of period cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated statements of cash flows:
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Beginning of period:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
232,369
$
51,178
$
19,016
Restricted cash
-
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
232,899
$
51,178
$
19,021
End of period:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
216,848
$
232,369
$
51,178
Restricted cash
-
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
217,735
$
232,899
$
51,178
14. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
Special Units
In November 2014, the Operating Partnership issued 100 Special Units to the parent of the Former Advisor for consideration of $1,000. On July 1, 2021, the 100 Special Units were assigned to the Advisor. In December 2021, the Special Units were assigned by the Advisor to the Special Unit Holder. The holder of the Special Units does not participate in the profits and losses of the Operating Partnership. The holder of the Special Units will be paid a performance participation allocation. Refer to “Note 10” for details regarding the performance participation allocation and Class I OP Units issued as payment for the performance participation allocation. This amount will be paid to the Special Unit Holder, so long as the Advisory Agreement has not been terminated, as a performance participation interest with respect to the Special Units or, at the election of the Advisor, will be paid instead to the Advisor in the form of a cash fee, as described in the Advisory Agreement. The limited partner interests not owned by the Company are presented as noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements. The noncontrolling interests are reported on the consolidated balance sheets within permanent equity, separate from stockholders’ equity.
Subsidiary REITs
As of December 31, 2021, the Company indirectly owns and controls the managing member of three subsidiary REITs. Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of equity in the subsidiary REIT that the Company does not own. Such noncontrolling interests are equity instruments presented in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 as noncontrolling interests within permanent equity. The preferred shares are non-voting and have no rights to income or loss. The preferred shares are redeemable by the respective subsidiary REIT at the discretion of the Company, through its ownership and control of the managing member. The following table includes details for each Subsidiary REIT:
Annual
Dividend Payable as of December 31,
Subsidiary REIT Acquisition
Date Acquired
Number of Shares
Par Value
Preferred Dividend
2021 (1)
2020 (1)
Executive Airport II
9/3/2020
$
1,000
12.5%
$
7,812
$
7,812
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio
6/15/2021
$
12.0%
$
-
$
-
Hainesport Commerce Center
12/21/2021
$
1,000
12.0%
$
-
$
-
(1) Recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
15. SIGNIFICANT RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
Significant Risks and Uncertainties
One of the most significant risks and uncertainties is the adverse effect of the current novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic. The extent of the impact from COVID-19 on the commercial real estate sector continues to vary dramatically across real estate property types and markets, with certain property segments such as hospitality, gaming, shopping malls, senior housing, and student living being impacted particularly hard. While not immune to the effects of COVID-19, the industrial property sector in which the Company invests continues to remain relatively resilient; however, during 2020 the Company had customers request rent deferral or rent abatement. These rent deferrals did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and the Company did not receive requests for rent deferral or rent abatement during the year ended December 31, 2021.
The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business, including how it will impact its customers and business partners, however the Company did not incur significant disruptions during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 from the COVID-19 pandemic. While it is unable to predict the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on its future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties, there have not been any indications of future economic disruptions to the Company related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the Company’s operations and those of the Company’s customers will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact, and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others.
16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2021, the Company and its subsidiaries were not involved in any material legal proceedings.
Environmental Matters
A majority of the properties the Company acquires have been or will be subject to environmental reviews either by the Company or the previous owners. In addition, the Company may incur environmental remediation costs associated with certain land parcels it may acquire in connection with the development of land. The Company has or may acquire certain properties in urban and industrial areas that may have been leased to or previously owned by commercial and industrial companies that discharged hazardous material. The Company may purchase various environmental insurance policies to mitigate its exposure to environmental liabilities. The Company is not aware of any environmental liabilities that it believes would have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, or results of operations as of December 31, 2021.
17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
BTC II Portfolio Split
Immediately prior to February 15, 2022, the Company, through a subsidiary, owned an 12.0% minority interest in the BTC II Partnership, as general partner and as a limited partner. In addition, a third-party institutional investor (“QR Limited Partner”), owned a 78.5% limited partner interest. In addition, the BTC II SLP, an entity in which the Chairman of the board of directors holds an interest, owned a 7.8% special limited partner interest in the BTC II Partnership. An entity in which three of our affiliated directors and each of our executive officers own an interest, or the “BCG Limited Partner,” owned a 1.7% interest in the BTC II Partnership. Similar to the BTC I Partnership Transaction (as described in “Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements”), the BTC II Partnership Agreement provided procedures whereby the partners may split the real property portfolio in an equitable manner, such that certain partners will own a 100% interest in certain of the properties as a result of the split.
On February 15, 2022, in accordance with the terms of the BTC II Partnership Agreement, the Company, along with the other joint venture partners in the BTC II Partnership, entered into a transaction to split the majority of the properties in the BTC II Portfolio amongst the joint venture partners, other than the BCG Limited Partner, whose respective interest in such properties was redeemed for $24.9 million (the “BTC II Partnership Transaction”). As a result of the BTC II Partnership Transaction, the Company owns a 100% interest in 11 properties, that were previously part of the BTC II Portfolio, the BTC II SLP owns a 100% interest in seven properties that were previously part of the BTC II Portfolio and the QR Limited Partner owns a 100% interest in the remaining 14 properties that were part of the BTC II Partnership Transaction. The properties acquired by the Company consist of a total of approximately 1.7 million square feet and the properties acquired by the BTC II SLP consist of a total of approximately 1.0 million square feet. Concurrently with the BTC II Partnership Transaction, the Company and the joint venture partners formed a new joint venture partnership, through which the Company co-owns five properties that were part of the original BTC II Portfolio and were not part of the BTC II Partnership Transaction. The partners own the same relative interests in the new partnership as they did in the BTC II Partnership prior to the incentive fee distribution that was settled in the fourth quarter of 2021, such that the Company owns an 8.0% interest as general partner and as a limited partner, the BTC II SLP owns a special limited partner interest, the BCG Limited Partner owns a 2.0% limited partner interest and the QR Limited Partner owns a 90.0% limited partner interest. The terms of the new partnership agreement are substantially the same as the terms of the BTC II Partnership Agreement, including, without limitation, the rights of the parties to incentive distributions. As of the date of this 10-K, an affiliate of the Advisor continues to provide the BTC II Advisory Services with respect to the five properties not included in the BTC II Partnership transaction, as well as the 14 remaining properties owned by the QR Limited Partner.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2021. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based upon criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the year ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal control over financial reporting to date as a result of many of the employees of our Advisor and its affiliates working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 pandemic on our internal controls to minimize the impact to their design and operating effectiveness.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Disclosure Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act
Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 and Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, require an issuer to disclose in its annual and quarterly reports whether it or any of its affiliates have knowingly engaged in specified activities or transactions relating to Iran. We are required to include certain disclosures in our periodic reports if we or any of our “affiliates” (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) knowingly engaged in certain specified activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with certain individuals or entities targeted by United States’ economic sanctions during the period covered by the report. Disclosure is generally required even where the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law. Neither we nor any of our controlled affiliates or subsidiaries knowingly engaged in any of the specified activities relating to Iran or otherwise engaged in any activities associated with Iran during the reporting period. However, because the SEC defines the term “affiliate” broadly, it includes any person or entity that is under common control with us as well as any entity that controls us or is controlled by us. The description that follows has been provided to us by Ares.
On January 31, 2019, funds and accounts managed by Ares’ European direct lending strategy (together, the “Ares funds”) collectively acquired a 32% equity stake in Daisy Group Limited (“Daisy”). Daisy is a provider of communication services to businesses based in the United Kingdom. The Ares funds do not hold a majority equity interest in Daisy and do not have the right to appoint a majority of directors to Daisy’s board of directors.
Subsequent to completion of the Ares funds’ investment in Daisy, in connection with Ares’ routine quarterly survey of its investment funds’ portfolio companies, Daisy informed the Ares funds that it has customer contracts with Melli Bank Plc, Persia International Bank Plc and Bank Saderat PLC. Melli Bank Plc, Persia International Bank Plc and Bank Saderat PLC have been designated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control within the U.S. Department of Treasury pursuant to Executive Order 13324. Daisy generated a total of £84,806 in annual revenues (less than 0.02% of Daisy’s annual revenues) from its dealings with Melli Bank Plc, Persia International Bank Plc and Bank Saderat PLC and de minimis net profits. Daisy entered into the customer contracts with Melli Bank Plc, Persia International Bank Plc and Bank Saderat PLC prior to the Ares funds’ investment in Daisy.
Daisy has given notice of termination of the contracts to Melli Bank Plc, Persia International Bank Plc and Bank Saderat PLC. Following termination of the contracts, Daisy does not intend to engage in any further dealings or transactions with Melli Bank Plc, Persia International Bank Plc or Bank Saderat PLC.

---

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item will be included under the headings “Board of Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and “Corporate Governance” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item will be included under the heading “Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item will be included under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item will be included under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item will be included under the heading “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) 1. Financial Statements-The financial statements are included under Item 8 of this report.
2. Financial Statement Schedule-The following financial statement schedule is included in Item 15(c):
Schedule III-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation.
All other financial statement schedules are not required under the related instructions or because the required information has been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and the notes related thereto.
(b) Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K:
EXHIBIT
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 2, 2021, by and among BCI IV Portfolio Real Estate Holdco LLC, Prologis USLV Operating Partnership, L.P., Prologis USLV SubREIT 1, LLC and Prologis Targeted U.S. Logistics Fund, L.P. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 3, 2021.***
3.1
Third Articles of Amendment and Restatement. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-200594) filed with the SEC on June 30, 2017.
3.2
Articles of Amendment. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 4, 2020.
3.3
Articles of Amendment (name change and designation of Class D shares). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022.
3.4
Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022.
4.1*
Second Amended and Restated Share Redemption Program, effective as of February 11, 2022.
4.2*
Fourth Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan.
4.3*
Description of Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
10.1*
Second Amended and Restated Dealer Manager Agreement, dated February 11, 2022, by and between Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. and Ares Wealth Management Solutions, LLC.
10.2
Loan Agreement, dated as of December 9, 2021, by and among BCI IV 485 DC LLC, BCI IV Valwood Crossroads DC LP, BCI IV Logistics Center at 33 LLC, BCI IV Harvill Business Center LP, BCI IV Princess Logistics Center LLC, BCI IV 1 Stanley Drive LLC, BCI IV York DC LLC, BCI IV Stockton DC LP, BCI IV Arrow Route DC LLC, BCI IV Lodi DC LLC and Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2021.
10.3*
Advisory Agreement (2022) among Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc., AIREIT Operating Partnership LP, and Ares Commercial Real Estate Management LLC.
EXHIBIT
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
10.4*
Tenth Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of AIREIT Operating Partnership LP, dated as of February 11, 2022.
10.5*
Third Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc., effective February 11, 2022.
10.6*
Second Amended and Restated Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc., effective February 11, 2022.
10.7
Master Transaction Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2021, by and between IPT BTC I GP LLC, IPT BTC I LP LLC and QR Master Holdings USA II LP. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 15, 2021.
10.8
Distribution and Redemption Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2021, by and between IPT BTC I GP LLC, IPT BTC I LP LLC and Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 15, 2021.
10.9
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2021, by and between BTC I REIT B LLC and BTC I REIT A LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 15, 2021.
10.10
Contribution, Distribution and Redemption Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2021, by and between Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership I LP and Industrial Property Advisors Sub I LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 15, 2021.
10.11
Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (formerly known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.) and each of Evan H. Zucker, Dwight L. Merriman III, Thomas G. McGonagle, Joshua J. Widoff, Marshall M. Burton, Charles B. Duke, Stanley A. Moore and John S. Hagestad as of February 9, 2016, Rajat Dhanda as of May 17, 2017, Scott W. Recknor as of September 1, 2017, Jeffrey W. Taylor as of December 9, 2019 and Scott A. Seager as of August 12, 2020. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-200594) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2016.
10.12
Selected Dealer Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2019, by and among Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (formerly known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.), BCI IV Advisors LLC, Ares Wealth Management Solutions, LLC (formerly known as Black Creek Capital Markets, LLC), BCI IV Advisors Group LLC, and Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 1, 2019.
10.13
Cost Reimbursement Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2019, by and among Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (formerly known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.), BCI IV Advisors LLC, Ares Wealth Management Solutions LLC (formerly Black Creek Capital Markets, LLC), and American Enterprise Investment Services, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 1, 2019.
10.14
Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated November 19, 2019, by and among AIREIT Operating Partnership LP (formerly known as BCI IV Operating Partnership LP), a Delaware limited partnership, as the Borrower; the lenders from time to time who are parties thereto; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and as a lender, Bank of America, N.A., as Syndication Agent and as a lender, U.S. Bank National Association, as Revolving Credit Facility Documentation Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Existing Term Facility Documentation Agent, Regions Bank, as Incremental Term Facility Documentation Agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2019.
10.15
Form of Director Stock Grant Agreement for Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (formerly known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2019.
EXHIBIT
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
10.16
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Consultants for Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (formerly known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2019.
10.17
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Private Placement Equity Incentive Plan of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (formerly known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2019.
10.18
Incremental Revolving Commitment Assumption Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2019, among AIREIT Operating Partnership LP (formerly known as BCI IV Operating Partnership LP), Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (formerly known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.) and its subsidiaries, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Bank of America, N.A. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 5, 2020.
10.19
Incremental Term Loan and Revolving Commitment Assumption Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2019, among AIREIT Operating Partnership LP (formerly known as BCI IV Operating Partnership LP), Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc. (formerly known as Black Creek Industrial REIT IV Inc.) and its subsidiaries, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Zions Bancorporation, N.A. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 5, 2020.
10.20
Agreement of Limited Partnership of Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership II LP, dated as of May 19, 2017, by and among IPT BTC II GP LLC, IPT BTC II LP LLC, Industrial Property Advisors Sub IV LLC, BCG BTC II Investors LLC, bcIMC (WCBAF) Realpool Global Inestment Corporation, bcIMC (College) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (Municipal) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (Public Service) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (Teachers) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (WCB) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (Hydro) US Realty Inc., and QuadReal US Holdings Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 10, 2020.
10.21
First Amendment to Agreement of Limited Partnership of Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership II LP, dated January 31, 2018, by and among IPT BTC II GP LLC, IPT BTC II LP LLC, Industrial Property Advisors Sub IV LLC, BCG BTC II Investors LLC, bcIMC (WCBAF) Realpool Global Investment Corporation, bcIMC (College) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (Municipal) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (Public Service) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (Teachers) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (WCB) US Realty Inc., bcIMC (Hydro) US Realty Inc., and QuadReal US Holdings Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 10, 2020.
10.22
Second Amendment to Agreement of Limited Partnership of Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership II LP, dated as of May 10, 2019, by and among IPT BTC II GP LLC, IPT BTC II LP LLC, Industrial Property Advisors Sub IV LLC, BCG BTC II Investors LLC, QR Master Holdings USA II LP and QuadReal US Holdings Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 10, 2020.
10.23
Third Amendment to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Build-To-Core Industrial Partnership II LP, dated as of July 15, 2020, by IPT BTC II GP LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 10, 2020.
10.24
Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2017, by and among IPT BTC II GP LLC and Industrial Property Advisors Sub III LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 10, 2020.
10.25
First Amendment to the Agreement, dated as of July 15, 2020, by and among IPT BTC II GP LLC and Industrial Property Advisors Sub III LLC. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 10, 2020.
21.1*
List of Subsidiaries of Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc.
23.1*
Consent of KPMG LLP (Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm).
31.1*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
EXHIBIT
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
31.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**
Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.1*
Consent of Altus Group U.S., Inc.
99.2*
Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Procedures.
The following materials from Ares Industrial Real Estate Income Trust Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed on March 9, 2022, formatted in XBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (vi) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vii) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
*** The Company has omitted certain schedules and exhibits pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K and will furnish supplementally to the SEC copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the SEC.
ARES INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST INC.
SCHEDULE III-REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
Costs
Accumulated
Capitalized or
Gross Amount Carried as of
Depreciation
Initial Cost to Company
Adjustments
December 31, 2021 (5)
and
Depreciable
# of
Buildings and
Total
Subsequent to
Buildings and
Total
Amortization
Acquisition
Life
($ in thousands)
Buildings
Debt
Land
Improvements (5)
Costs
Acquisition
Land
Improvements (5)
Costs (7)
(7)
Date
(Years)
Consolidated Industrial Properties:
Ontario Industrial Center in Ontario, CA
$
-
(1)
$
5,225
$
5,370
$
10,595
$
1,004
$
5,226
$
6,373
$
11,599
$
(1,552)
2/26/2018
1-20
Medley Industrial Center in Medley, FL
-
2,864
4,559
7,423
2,864
4,868
7,732
(921)
4/11/2018
1-30
Ontario Distribution Center in Ontario, CA
-
(2)
14,657
16,101
30,758
14,657
16,223
30,880
(4,310)
5/17/2018
1-20
Park 429 Logistics Center in Ocoee, FL
-
7,963
36,919
44,882
7,963
37,238
45,201
(4,578)
6/7/2018
1-40
Pescadero Distribution Center in Tracy, CA
-
(1)
5,602
40,021
45,623
5,602
40,080
45,682
(5,602)
6/20/2018
1-40
Gothard Industrial Center in Huntington Beach, CA
-
(1)
5,325
4,771
10,096
5,325
5,171
10,496
(1,079)
6/25/2018
1-20
Midway Industrial Center in Odenton, MD
-
4,579
3,548
8,127
4,579
3,986
8,565
(1,240)
10/22/2018
1-20
Executive Airport Distribution Center I in Henderson, NV
-
10,360
40,710
51,070
10,360
40,925
51,285
(5,969)
11/20/2018
1-40
Iron Run Distribution Center in Allentown, PA
-
5,483
10,039
15,522
5,483
10,200
15,683
(2,036)
12/04/2018
1-20
Elgin Distribution Center in Elgin, IL
-
4,032
16,951
20,983
4,032
17,022
21,054
(1,668)
12/11/2018
1-40
Addison Distribution Center II in Addison, IL
-
4,439
8,009
12,448
4,439
8,858
13,297
(1,598)
12/21/2018
1-30
Fontana Distribution Center in Fontana, CA
-
(2)
20,558
21,943
42,501
20,558
22,901
43,459
(6,077)
12/28/2018
1-20
Airport Industrial Center in Ontario, CA
-
4,085
4,051
8,136
4,085
4,575
8,660
(1,245)
01/08/2019
1-20
Kelly Trade Center in Austin, TX
-
2,686
12,654
15,340
2,686
13,220
15,906
(2,340)
01/31/2019
1-30
7A Distribution Center in Robbinsville, NJ
-
4,874
7,277
12,151
1,657
4,874
8,934
13,808
(1,944)
02/11/2019
1-20
Quakerbridge Distribution Center in Hamilton, NJ
-
2,334
6,260
8,594
2,334
7,199
9,533
(1,736)
03/11/2019
1-40
Hebron Airpark Logistics Center in Hebron, KY
-
2,228
9,572
11,800
2,228
9,613
11,841
(1,342)
05/30/2019
1-40
Las Vegas Light Industrial Portfolio in Las Vegas, NV
-
19,872
39,399
59,271
19,872
39,931
59,803
(6,529)
05/30/2019
1-30
Monte Vista Industrial Center in Chino, CA
-
7,947
7,592
15,539
7,947
7,955
15,902
(1,822)
06/07/2019
1-20
King of Prussia Core Infill Portfolio in King of Prussia, PA
-
14,791
17,187
31,978
1,283
14,791
18,470
33,261
(4,043)
06/21/2019
1-20
Dallas Infill Industrial Portfolio in Arlington, TX
38,000
17,159
74,981
92,140
1,920
17,159
76,901
94,060
(11,130)
06/28/2019
1-30
Dallas Infill Industrial Portfolio in Garland, TX
11,250
3,545
20,370
23,915
-
3,545
20,370
23,915
(2,134)
06/28/2019
1-40
Edison Distribution Center in Edison, NJ
-
11,519
16,079
27,598
11,519
16,111
27,630
(2,735)
06/28/2019
1-20
395 Distribution Center in Reno, NV
-
(2)
8,904
45,114
54,018
8,904
45,552
54,456
(4,870)
08/05/2019
1-40
I-80 Distribution Center in Reno, NV
-
(1)
18,742
53,267
72,009
1,889
18,742
55,156
73,898
(6,937)
09/04/2019
1-40
Avenue B Industrial Center in Bethlehem, PA
-
2,461
4,652
7,113
2,461
4,736
7,197
(933)
09/11/2019
1-20
485 Distribution Center in Shiremanstown, PA
-
(3)
8,427
34,632
43,059
8,427
34,836
43,263
(3,763)
09/13/2019
1-40
Weston Business Center in Weston, FL
-
15,661
16,750
32,411
15,661
16,905
32,566
(2,366)
12/10/2019
1-20
Marigold Distribution Center in Redlands, CA
-
17,230
22,505
39,735
17,230
22,619
39,849
(4,228)
12/20/2019
1-30
Bishops Gate Distribution Center in Mount Laurel, NJ
-
8,068
24,158
32,226
8,068
24,265
32,333
(3,652)
12/31/2019
1-20
Norcross Industrial Center in Peachtree Corner, GA
-
4,086
5,419
9,505
5,460
4,086
10,879
14,965
(482)
3/23/2020
1-20
Port 146 Distribution Center in LaPorte, TX
-
2,577
6,994
9,571
2,012
2,577
9,006
11,583
(202)
4/14/2020
1-40
Lima Distribution Center in Denver, CO
-
2,313
9,309
11,622
2,313
9,424
11,737
(1,247)
4/15/2020
1-20
Valwood Crossroads in Carrollton, TX
-
(3)
21,312
48,687
69,999
21,312
48,785
70,097
(4,467)
5/11/2020
1-40
Eaglepoint LC in Brownsburg, IN
-
6,875
33,341
40,216
6,875
33,392
40,267
(3,115)
5/26/2020
1-40
7A DC II in Robbinsville Township, NJ
-
7,887
15,331
23,218
7,887
15,841
23,728
(1,719)
5/27/2020
1-20
Legacy Logistics Center in Salt Lake City, UT
-
(1)
8,223
31,495
39,718
1,982
8,223
33,477
41,700
(2,727)
6/3/2020
1-40
Logistics Center at 33 in Easton, PA
-
(3)
13,157
50,128
63,285
13,157
50,176
63,333
(4,264)
6/4/2020
1-40
Intermodal Logistics Center in Fort Worth, TX
-
7,531
21,097
28,628
7,531
21,245
28,776
(1,498)
6/29/2020
1-40
Executive Airport Distribution Center II, III in Henderson, NV
-
9,490
23,710
33,200
4,433
9,490
28,143
37,633
(451)
9/3/2020
1-40
Airpark International Logistics Center in Hebron, KY
-
4,410
25,791
30,201
4,410
26,153
30,563
(1,425)
10/9/2020
1-40
Carlstadt Industrial Center in Carlstadt, NJ
-
17,616
19,914
37,530
17,616
20,025
37,641
(2,310)
11/10/2020
1-20
Nelson Industrial Center in La Puente, CA
-
4,233
4,799
9,032
4,233
4,837
9,070
(625)
12/7/2020
1-40
Miraloma Industrial Center in Placentia, CA
-
5,113
4,385
9,498
5,113
4,419
9,532
(482)
12/10/2020
1-20
Pennsy Logistics Center in Landover, MD
-
9,545
50,552
60,097
9,545
50,648
60,193
(2,717)
12/18/2020
1-30
Gerwig Distribution Center in Columbia, MD
-
8,493
10,781
19,274
8,493
11,107
19,600
(713)
1/8/2021
1-20
Harvill Business Center in Perris, CA
-
(3)
17,065
43,523
60,588
17,065
43,564
60,629
(1,675)
3/10/2021
1-40
Princess Logistics Center in Lawrenceville, NJ
-
(3)
14,595
59,480
74,075
1,232
14,595
60,712
75,307
(1,590)
4/12/2021
1-40
Rancho Cucamonga Business Center in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
-
8,825
15,799
24,624
8,825
15,849
24,674
(661)
5/28/2021
1-30
Norton Distribution Center in Norton, MA
-
6,495
25,918
32,413
6,495
26,081
32,576
(1,074)
6/1/2021
1-20
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Austin, TX
-
(4)
15,142
39,222
54,364
15,142
39,725
54,867
(1,757)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Hayward, CA
-
(4)
41,746
88,728
130,474
(247)
41,746
88,481
130,227
(1,697)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in LaPorte, TX
-
3,301
13,958
17,259
3,301
14,008
17,309
(502)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Lehigh Valley, PA
-
17,094
46,504
63,598
17,094
46,531
63,625
(1,050)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Lodi, NJ
-
(3)
21,612
75,424
97,036
21,612
75,945
97,557
(1,409)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
-
(3)
29,703
67,808
97,511
-
29,703
67,808
97,511
(1,874)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Richmond, CA
-
8,343
32,473
40,816
1,341
8,343
33,814
42,157
(514)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in San Diego, CA
-
(4)
11,146
31,741
42,887
11,146
31,776
42,922
(793)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in San Jose, CA
-
11,404
21,862
33,266
-
11,404
21,862
33,266
(438)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Suwanee, GA
-
(4)
9,566
61,538
71,104
9,566
61,747
71,313
(2,818)
6/15/2021
1-20
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Tacoma, WA
-
(2)
36,309
138,347
174,656
1,617
36,309
139,964
176,273
(3,130)
6/15/2021
1-40
Build-To-Core Logistics Portfolio in Tracy, CA
-
(4)
6,289
47,471
53,760
-
6,289
47,471
53,760
(1,001)
6/15/2021
1-40
Benchmark Distribution Center in Houston, TX
-
6,452
13,199
19,651
1,186
6,452
14,385
20,837
(392)
6/18/2021
1-40
Key Logistics Portfolio in Allentown, PA
-
3,733
14,351
18,084
3,733
14,585
18,318
(514)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Auburn, WA
-
8,663
33,248
41,911
8,663
33,542
42,205
(927)
7/14/2021
1-30
Key Logistics Portfolio in Aurora, CO
-
2,123
8,842
10,965
2,123
8,846
10,969
(290)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Boca Raton, FL
-
5,236
8,309
13,545
5,236
8,315
13,551
(374)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Glen Burnie, MD
-
4,265
16,256
20,521
4,265
16,261
20,526
(679)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Kent, WA
-
12,325
26,758
39,083
12,325
26,885
39,210
(1,066)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in King of Prussia, PA
-
4,901
17,203
22,104
4,901
17,224
22,125
(650)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Lanham, MD
-
5,523
16,603
22,126
5,523
17,298
22,821
(390)
7/14/2021
1-40
Key Logistics Portfolio in Lincolnshire, IL
-
2,516
11,118
13,634
(158)
2,516
10,960
13,476
(274)
7/14/2021
1-30
Key Logistics Portfolio in Louisville, KY
-
16,463
109,692
126,155
16,463
109,738
126,201
(3,585)
7/14/2021
1-30
Key Logistics Portfolio in Mechanicsburg, PA
-
2,445
11,642
14,087
2,445
11,652
14,097
(383)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Memphis, TN
-
12,760
97,828
110,588
12,760
98,320
111,080
(4,120)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Olive Branch, MS
-
3,939
28,170
32,109
3,939
28,177
32,116
(690)
7/14/2021
1-30
Key Logistics Portfolio in Ontario, CA
-
14,668
37,715
52,383
14,668
37,840
52,508
(1,332)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Pompano Beach, FL
-
5,160
10,263
15,423
5,160
10,361
15,521
(281)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Renton, WA
-
4,992
13,365
18,357
4,992
13,370
18,362
(445)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Salt Lake City, UT
-
8,336
51,350
59,686
8,336
51,550
59,886
(1,676)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Stockton, CA
-
(3)
18,255
70,528
88,783
18,255
70,555
88,810
(2,905)
7/14/2021
1-30
Key Logistics Portfolio in Tacoma, WA
-
4,329
5,869
10,198
4,329
5,873
10,202
(182)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Totowa, NJ
-
13,152
45,050
58,202
13,152
45,753
58,905
(1,313)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Tracy, CA
-
12,916
45,919
58,835
12,916
46,506
59,422
(1,514)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in Upper Marlboro, MD
-
2,663
4,469
7,132
2,663
4,473
7,136
(141)
7/14/2021
1-30
Key Logistics Portfolio in Valencia, CA
-
7,080
11,094
18,174
7,080
11,098
18,178
(246)
7/14/2021
1-30
Key Logistics Portfolio in Wayne, NJ
-
6,583
12,987
19,570
6,583
12,992
19,575
(368)
7/14/2021
1-20
Key Logistics Portfolio in York, PA
-
(3)
5,150
19,961
25,111
5,150
19,975
25,125
(722)
7/14/2021
1-20
Costs
Accumulated
Capitalized or
Gross Amount Carried as of
Depreciation
Initial Cost to Company
Adjustments
December 31, 2021 (2)
and
Depreciable
# of
Buildings and
Total
Subsequent to
Buildings and
Total
Amortization
Acquisition
Life
($ in thousands)
Buildings
Debt
Land
Improvements (2)
Costs
Acquisition
Land
Improvements (2)
Costs (4)
(4)
Date
(Years)
Stonewood Logistics Center in York, PA
-
2,653
16,690
19,343
2,653
17,103
19,756
-
7/16/2021
1-40
Heron Industrial Center in Swedesboro, NJ
-
7,670
18,329
25,999
-
7,670
18,329
25,999
(758)
7/21/2021
1-20
Colony Crossing Logistics Portfolio in Houston, TX
-
6,433
15,136
21,569
6,433
15,376
21,809
(473)
8/17/2021
1-30
Harvill Industrial Center in Riverside, CA
-
-
7,532
-
7,532
7,782
8,023
-
8/23/2021
1-40
Commerce Farms Logistics Center in Lebanon, TN
-
7,109
56,712
63,821
-
7,109
56,712
63,821
(1,346)
8/25/2021
1-40
North County Commerce Center in Vista, CA
-
(2)
46,958
100,174
147,132
-
46,958
100,174
147,132
(2,313)
8/30/2021
1-20
Performance Distribution Center in Stockton, CA
-
(2)
11,115
18,417
29,532
-
11,115
18,417
29,532
(263)
9/7/2021
1-40
Madison Distribution Center in Tampa, FL
-
1,572
11,430
13,002
-
1,572
11,430
13,002
(167)
9/17/2021
1-30
355 Logistics Center in Lockport, IL
-
7,157
58,265
65,422
-
7,157
58,265
65,422
(750)
10/1/2021
1-40
1 Stanley Drive in Aston, PA
-
(3)
3,048
19,191
22,239
-
3,048
19,191
22,239
(223)
10/6/2021
1-30
Gilbert Gateway Commerce Park in Gilbert, AZ
-
(2)
13,018
75,137
88,155
2,051
13,018
77,188
90,206
(742)
10/6/2021
1-40
California Business Center in Salt Lake City, UT
-
6,072
24,998
31,070
-
6,072
24,998
31,070
(452)
10/21/2021
1-20
Molto Portfolio in Aurora, IL
-
6,391
31,210
37,601
6,391
31,996
38,387
(187)
11/17/2021
1-40
Molto Portfolio in Hebron, KY
-
3,311
19,220
22,531
-
3,311
19,220
22,531
(91)
11/17/2021
1-40
Molto Portfolio in Houston, TX
-
14,669
62,797
77,466
14,669
63,086
77,755
(333)
11/17/2021
1-40
Molto Portfolio in La Vergne, TN
-
5,081
22,335
27,416
-
5,081
22,335
27,416
(121)
11/17/2021
1-40
Molto Portfolio in Louisville, KY
-
6,947
33,003
39,950
-
6,947
33,003
39,950
(183)
11/17/2021
1-40
Walker Mill Industrial Center in Capitol Heights, MD
-
3,632
13,573
17,205
-
3,632
13,573
17,205
(102)
11/18/2021
1-20
Greater Boston Portfolio in Franklin, MA
-
5,903
14,442
20,345
-
5,903
14,442
20,345
(132)
11/22/2021
1-20
Greater Boston Portfolio in Danvers, MA
-
3,969
13,044
17,013
-
3,969
13,044
17,013
(120)
11/22/2021
1-20
McDonald Portfolio in Alpharetta, GA
-
8,049
45,952
54,001
8,049
46,056
54,105
(139)
12/16/2021
1-20
McDonald Portfolio in Atlanta, GA
-
21,625
180,883
202,508
21,625
181,125
202,750
(471)
12/16/2021
1-40
McDonald Portfolio in Ellenwood, GA
-
8,137
68,813
76,950
8,137
68,906
77,043
(165)
12/16/2021
1-30
McDonald Portfolio in Savannah, GA
-
9,316
52,979
62,295
9,316
53,039
62,355
(122)
12/16/2021
1-30
Riggs Hill Industrial Center in Jessup, MD
-
1,251
4,408
5,659
-
1,251
4,408
5,659
(16)
12/17/2021
1-20
Valwood Industrial Center in Carrollton, TX
-
14,508
28,624
43,132
-
14,508
28,624
43,132
(84)
12/17/2021
1-20
Port Crossing Logistics Center in LaPorte, TX
-
3,476
28,518
31,994
-
3,476
28,518
31,994
(35)
12/21/2021
1-30
Hainesport Commerce Center in Hainesport, NJ
-
25,311
107,499
132,810
-
25,311
107,499
132,810
(109)
12/21/2021
1-40
Beltway Logistics Center in Charlotte, NC
-
5,938
22,115
28,053
-
5,938
22,115
28,053
(20)
12/22/2021
1-40
Clackamas Industrial Center in Clackamas, OR
-
11,301
39,873
51,174
-
11,301
39,873
51,174
(87)
12/23/2021
1-20
Total
$
167,750
$
1,126,896
$
3,742,526
$
4,869,422
$
46,633
$
1,127,147
$
3,788,908
$
4,916,055
$
(186,269)
(1) These properties include a $118.5 million mortgage note as of December 31, 2021. This borrowing is non-recourse and secured by deeds of trust for the eight collateralized buildings. The mortgage note has a maturity date of November 1, 2027 and an interest rate of 2.90%. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more detail.
(2) These properties include a $408.0 million mortgage note as of December 31, 2021. This borrowing is non-recourse and secured by deeds of trust for the 15 collateralized buildings. The mortgage note has a maturity date of January 5, 2025 and the interest rate is calculated based on Adjusted SOFR plus a margin of 1.65%. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more detail.
(3) These properties include a $461.4 million mortgage note as of December 31, 2021. This borrowing is non-recourse and secured by deeds of trust for the 12 collateralized buildings. The mortgage note has a maturity date of January 1, 2029 and an interest rate of 2.85%. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more detail.
(4) These properties include a $209.3 million mortgage note as of December 31, 2021. This borrowing is non-recourse and secured by deeds of trust for the 13 collateralized buildings. The mortgage note has a maturity date of July 16, 2025 and the interest rate is calculated based on LIBOR plus a margin of 1.50%. See “Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more detail.
(5) Includes gross intangible lease assets of $342.5 million and gross intangible lease liabilities of ($89.1) million.
(6) As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes of investments in property was $3.7 billion (unaudited).
(7) A summary of activity for investment in real estate properties is as follows:
(in thousands)
Investment in real estate properties:
Balance at beginning of period
$
1,377,912
$
891,170
Acquisition of properties
3,507,041
475,320
Improvements
31,102
11,451
Write-off of intangibles and customer leasing costs
-
(29)
Balance at end of period
$
4,916,055
$
1,377,912
Accumulated depreciation and amortization:
Balance at beginning of period
$
(72,924)
$
(25,988)
Additions charged to costs and expenses
(113,345)
(46,965)
Write-off of intangibles and customer leasing costs
-
Balance at end of period
$
(186,269)
$
(72,924)