EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1320695
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1320695_10-K_2023_0001320695-23-000004.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business
Overview
References herein to "we," "us," "our," "Company," and "TreeHouse" refer to TreeHouse Foods, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context specifically states or implies otherwise.
TreeHouse is a leading private label snacking and beverages manufacturer in North America. Our purpose is to engage and delight - one customer at a time. Through our customer focus and category experience, we strive to deliver excellent service and build capabilities and insights to drive mutually profitable growth for both TreeHouse and our customers. Our purpose is supported by investments in depth, capabilities and operational efficiencies which are aimed to capitalize on the long-term growth prospects in the categories in which we operate. Our purpose underscores our mission, to make high quality food and beverages affordable to all.
TreeHouse was incorporated on January 25, 2005 by Dean Foods Company to accomplish a spin-off of certain specialty businesses to its shareholders. The spin-off was completed on June 27, 2005, after which TreeHouse operated largely as a private label aggregator, acquiring new businesses and categories in order to expand its product offerings. In 2016, TreeHouse purchased the private brands business from Conagra Brands, representing the largest acquisition in its history and nearly doubling the size of the Company. The acquisition required that TreeHouse focus on becoming an integrated, more efficient and effective operating company. Following the acquisition, the Company consolidated its manufacturing, distribution and IT systems, built and launched a new commercial organization, centralized its operations, and better optimized the portfolio through a number of divestitures. More recently, the Company has refined its strategic priorities to become a more focused category leader. In 2022, TreeHouse completed the divestiture of a significant portion of its Meal Preparation business to better focus the portfolio on snacking and beverage offerings.
TreeHouse believes it is well positioned across attractive snacking and beverage growth categories fueled by strong consumer demand trends. The portfolio includes snacking offerings (crackers, pretzels, in-store bakery items, frozen griddle items, cookies, snack bars, and unique candy offerings), beverage & drink mix offerings (non-dairy creamer, single serve beverages, broths/stocks, powdered beverages and other blends, tea, and ready-to-drink-beverages), and grocery offerings (pickles, refrigerated dough, hot cereal, and cheese & pudding). The Company sells its products to retail, co-manufacturing, and food-away-from-home customers in shelf stable, refrigerated, and frozen formats. TreeHouse also offers its customer partners a range of value and nutritional solutions, including natural, organic and gluten free so they can meet the unique needs of their consumers.
Recent Divestitures
On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business (the "Business"), including pasta, pourable and spoonable dressing, preserves, red sauces, syrup, dry blends and baking, dry dinners, pie filling, pita chips and other sauces. The Business consists of consumer packaged food manufacturers operating 14 manufacturing facilities in the United States, Canada, and Italy servicing primarily retail grocery customers. The Business has been classified as a discontinued operation.
On June 1, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its RTE Cereal business to Post Holdings, Inc. ("Post"). RTE Cereal operated as two manufacturing plants located in Lancaster, Ohio and Sparks, Nevada. The RTE Cereal business had been classified as a discontinued operation.
On April 17, 2020, the Company completed the sale of two of its In-Store Bakery facilities located in Fridley, Minnesota and Lodi, California, which manufacture breads, rolls, and cakes for in-store retail bakeries and food-away-from-home customers.
Refer to Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Our Strategy
Our strategic ambition is profitable growth driven by leadership in consumer trending categories. Our strategic plan is anchored on four strategic growth pillars that build upon the work we have accomplished over the last several years related to commercial excellence, operational excellence, portfolio optimization and people & talent. Our strategic growth pillars include:
•World Class Supply Chain. We strive to have an agile, resilient supply chain that seamlessly integrates customer demand, materials availability, manufacturing capacity and cost efficiency. We are making investments to support both our suppliers in delivering key inputs and our manufacturing capacity to not only fulfill the growing demand for private label, but the flexibility to meet our customers' and consumers' needs as they change. Delivering the best quality, cost, and service to our customers are critical to achieving our strategic ambition.
•Category Leadership. We strive to build and further develop capabilities such as innovation pipelines, additional manufacturing capacity, and/or category and consumer insights, in order to drive growth and category leadership. By having a range of relevant capabilities in attractive growth categories, we believe we are better positioned to drive growth, not only for TreeHouse, but also for our customers.
•Strategic Customer Partnerships. We serve as the supply chain for our customers' brands. It is of the utmost importance that we proactively engage with those customers with whom our goals are aligned - to drive both growth and profitability through a focused private brands strategy. Our goal is to drive outsized, profitable growth for both TreeHouse and our customers. We strive to do this by:
•having an unrelenting focus on the customer at the heart of everything that we do, recognizing our customers' needs and challenges;
•understanding how we can better grow together;
•continuing to produce products that meet quality and safety standards and are competitively priced;
•providing relevant category and consumer insights; and
•executing on our commitments with the highest level of service.
•Talent Leader. Our people and talent are critical to achieving our strategic ambition. Our focus on being the employer of choice, by developing our talent and engaging employees, demonstrates our commitment and understanding of the importance of having a strong workforce. In addition, we seek to develop a higher performance culture by aligning our employee incentive plans to our strategic growth pillars.
We continue to focus on advancing our environment, social, and governance ("ESG") initiatives and have integrated those efforts across our strategic growth pillars. We recognize the importance of measurement and accountability, and we will continue to provide transparent disclosure of our progress along our ESG journey.
Sales, Distribution, and Customers
We sell our products through various distribution channels, including retailers, foodservice distributors, co-manufacturers, and industrial and export channels. Retailers include grocery, supermarkets, mass merchandisers, club stores, e-commerce grocers, non-traditional grocers, and other small outlets. The Company's primary sales channel is through the retail grocery channel, with approximately 80% of net sales sold through this channel. Foodservice distributors are included in our food-away-from-home sales channel, which primarily includes restaurants and other public venues. We have an internal sales force that manages customer relationships and a broker network for sales to retail, food-away-from-home, and export accounts. Industrial food products are generally sold directly to customers without the use of a broker. Co-manufacturing agreements are entered into with certain customers to add volume capacity by manufacturing and packaging our customers' product. Industrial and export channels include food manufacturers and repackagers of foodservice products. Most of our customers purchase products from us either by purchase order or pursuant to contracts that generally are terminable at will.
Products are generally shipped from our production facilities directly to customers, or from warehouse distribution centers where products are consolidated for shipment to customers if an order includes products manufactured in more than one production facility or product category. We believe this consolidation of products enables us to improve customer service by offering our customers a single order, invoice, and shipment. Some customers also pick up their orders at our production facilities or distribution centers.
A relatively limited number of customers account for a large percentage of our consolidated net sales. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 56.6% of our consolidated net sales. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, our largest customer, Walmart Inc. and its affiliates, accounted for approximately 22.1%, 21.9%, and 23.0%, respectively, of our consolidated net sales. No other customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated net sales.
Markets and Competition
The private label food and beverage market has been growing. Over the last several decades, private label has had a history of consistently gaining market share, with share gains more prominent during recessionary periods when consumers seek value. Key factors driving private label growth include improved quality, unique product offerings, and greater retailer emphasis and strategic focus on building store brands and experiences through private label.
Over the last two years, consumers have faced significant inflationary pressure, which has strengthened the private label value proposition and supported private label unit share gains in our categories across the retail channel. Our business has also seen strong demand during this time; however, labor and materials availability, and supply chain disruption have constrained our ability to service all of the customer orders we have received. We are making steady progress in enhancing our service levels to target to capture incremental private label demand.
We have several competitors in each of our channels. For sales of private label products to retailers, the principal competitive factors are product quality, reliability of service, and price. For sales of products to food-away-from-home, co-manufacturing customers, industrial, and export customers, the principal competitive factors are price, product quality, specifications, and reliability of service. In addition, while we primarily manufacture private label products, we do manufacture some branded products. Competition to obtain shelf space for our branded products with retailers generally is based on the expected or historical performance of our product sales relative to our competitors. The principal competitive factors for sales of our branded products to consumers are brand recognition and loyalty, product quality, promotion, and price. Some of our branded competitors have significantly greater resources and brand recognition than we do.
We believe our strategies for competing in private label, which include providing superior product quality, effective cost control, an efficient supply chain, successful innovation programs, and competitive pricing, allow us to compete effectively.
Resources
Raw Materials and Supplies: Our raw materials consist of ingredients and packaging materials. Principal ingredients used in our operations include casein, cheese, cocoa, coconut oil, coffee, corn and corn syrup, cucumbers, eggs, fruit, non-fat dry milk, oats, palm oil, peppers, soybean oil, sugar, tea, and wheat. The cost of raw materials used in our products fluctuate due to weather conditions, climate change, regulations, fuel prices, energy costs, labor shortages, labor disputes, freight transportation delays or availability, disruption in logistics, political unrest, industry, general U.S. and global economic conditions, or other unforeseen circumstances. The most important packaging materials and supplies used in our operations are cartons, composite cans, corrugated containers, glass, metal cans, metal closures, and plastics. Ingredients and most packaging materials are generally purchased under long-term supply contracts. We believe these ingredients and packaging materials are generally available from a number of suppliers, although supply chain disruption in 2021 and 2022 has challenged and delayed timing of availability from our suppliers. Volatility in the cost of our raw materials and packaging supplies can adversely affect our performance, as price changes often lag behind changes in costs, and we are not always able to adjust our pricing to reflect changes in raw material and supply costs.
For additional discussion of the risks associated with the raw materials used in our operations, see Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors and Part II, Item 7 - Known Trends or Uncertainties.
Trademarks: We own a number of registered trademarks. While we consider our trademarks to be valuable assets, we do not consider any trademark to be of such material importance that its absence would cause a material disruption of our business.
Seasonality
In the aggregate, our sales are generally weighted slightly toward the second half of the year, particularly the fourth quarter, with a more pronounced impact on profitability. Products that show a higher level of seasonality include creamer, coffee, specialty teas, hot cereal, in-store bakery items, and refrigerated dough products, all of which generally have higher sales in the first and fourth quarters. Additionally, sales of broth are generally higher in the fourth quarter, and sales of cookies, crackers, pretzels, and cheese & pudding are generally higher in the third and fourth quarters. Retail griddle waffles and pancakes are generally less seasonal with consistency across each quarter. Warmer weather products such as pickles typically have higher sales in the second quarter, while drink mixes, ready-to-drink beverages, candy, and bars generally show higher sales in the second and third quarters. The higher sales during seasonal periods impact our profitability as our manufacturing plants run at higher capacities and have more favorable fixed cost overhead absorption due to the higher volumes.
Our short-term financing needs are primarily for financing working capital and are generally highest in the first and third quarters as inventory levels increase relative to other quarters, due to the seasonal nature of our business. As a result of our product portfolio and the related seasonality, our financing needs are generally highest in the first and third quarters, while cash flow is highest in the second and fourth quarters following the seasonality of our sales.
Due to shelter-in-place and social distancing measures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we saw significant changes in product consumption patterns on our seasonality as consumers stocked their pantries and modified their purchasing habits in response to the pandemic, particularly in March and April 2020. This change in consumption demand in 2020 impacted comparability year-over-year. Additionally, the impact on profitability from our seasonality was disrupted by commodity inflation, supply chain disruption, and labor shortages in 2021 and 2022. For additional discussion on product consumption patterns due to commodity inflation, supply chain disruption, and labor shortages, see Part II, Item 7 - Known Trends or Uncertainties.
Government Regulation
The conduct of our businesses, and the production, distribution, sale, labeling, safety, transportation, and use of our products, are subject to various laws and regulations administered by federal, state, and local governmental agencies in the United States, as well as to foreign laws and regulations administered by government entities and agencies in markets where we operate.
We are subject to national and local environmental laws in the United States and in foreign countries in which we do business including laws relating to water consumption and treatment, air quality, waste handling and disposal, and other regulations intended to protect public health and the environment. We are committed to meeting all applicable environmental compliance requirements.
Changes in these laws or regulations, or the introduction of new laws or regulations, could increase the costs of doing business for the Company, our customers, or suppliers, or restrict our actions, causing our results of operations to be adversely affected.
Human Capital
Creating a values-led, high performance workforce and becoming a talent leader is critical to achieving success in our growth strategy. Our human capital initiatives are grounded in our set of values called The TreeHouse Way, which includes: Own It, Commit to Excellence, Be Agile, Speak Up, and Better Together. Aligning to these values enables our people to more effectively collaborate, execute, and take advantage of the growth opportunities for our business. We drive our culture and human capital strategies by embedding these values across the employee management process by operationalizing these values in our hiring practices, performance management processes, and our approach to leadership development and training.
As of December 31, 2022, our work force consisted of approximately 7,500 full-time employees, with 6,100 in the United States and 1,400 in Canada. Approximately 1,700 were salaried, and 5,800 were hourly employees. Approximately 2,000 were unionized, and 5,500 were non-union employees. We have not experienced any material interruptions of operations due to disputes with our employees and consider our relations with our employees to be satisfactory. Key areas of focus for the Company include:
Health and Safety: The safety of our employees is a top priority. Our business could not operate without our team members, and our plant employees are essential to the success of our company. TreeHouse is committed to creating a culture of Environmental, Health, Safety ("EHS") Excellence through personal ownership, risk prevention, and business partnership. We have established a common plant structure for our EHS organization at our facilities. This allows us to leverage best practices and streamline our EHS oversight processes and better focus our resources on safety risk identification and mitigation. We also adapted our safety communications to clearly convey the roles and responsibilities for this new organization and to deliver consistent safety messaging. This increased transparency, paired with the development of frontline employee safety committees, allows our employees at all levels to take ownership over creating a safety-first workplace and culture. Safety is incorporated into our TreeHouse Management Operating System ("TMOS") and under TMOS, our plants are accountable to EHS Improvement Plans, Environmental Compliance Plans and standardized Incident Investigation and Communication processes.
Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion ("DEI"): We are committed to building a diverse team, fostering an inclusive culture, and investing in equity across our organization. We believe building a team diverse in ideas, experiences, and backgrounds enables us to be more successful in our jobs and better address the needs of customers and consumers. Our DEI Council, which guides our work in this area, is composed of individuals from various levels and functions throughout the organization, working together to shape and advance our DEI commitments. Our DEI Strategic Road Map is a multiyear, enterprise-wide approach to accelerating our DEI journey. The work of our DEI Council is guided by the pillars of our DEI Strategic Plan: Represent, Educate & Employee Experience. We invest time and resources to ensure our workforce is representative of the communities in which they are located, and we utilize best practices to recruit and retain our diverse talent. We educate our leaders and employees on how best to contribute to an inclusive culture through continuing education and training to increase DEI awareness and to foster an employee experience where everyone feels a sense of belonging. As of December 31, 2022, 42% and 48% of our hourly and salaried workforce, respectively, were women, and 40% and 19% of our hourly and salaried workforce, respectively, were from racially or ethnically underrepresented groups.
Learning and Development: Employee development is critical to provide our people with the skills and opportunities they need to excel and be engaged at work. Each year, we conduct an Employee Engagement Survey, continuing to refine our employee engagement process and analytics to ensure we are improving the employee experience, work culture, and programs. Our areas of focus included strategy, collaboration, and career growth. Our Learning & Growing program provides employees with the tools and resources they need to learn and grow their career at TreeHouse with clarity around the behaviors, experiences, and expectations of our employees. As a part of our Learning & Growing program, we have rolled out tools to help our employees and managers have meaningful career conversations, as well as effective performance management discussions focused on growth and development.
Compensation and Benefits: TreeHouse offers competitive pay and benefit packages, designed to drive our performance-based culture and celebrate our collective organizational success. We are committed to and invest heavily in providing employees with comprehensive, market-competitive benefits that support our employees’ health, wealth, and balance. For US employees, we offer a variety of medical plans (including prescription drug coverage) with a range of coverage levels and costs which allows our employees to select the plan that best meets their individual needs. In addition, we offer employees dental and vision coverage, health savings and flexible spending accounts, paid time off, leave, care benefits (including back-up child/elder care), tuition reimbursement programs, a 401(k) retirement savings plan with matching company contributions, life insurance, and voluntary short-term and long-term disability insurance. For Canadian employees, we provide group benefits including health and dental, life, family life, accidental death and dismemberment insurance and disability coverage, and group retirement savings plans with matching company contributions. Canadian employees are also eligible for paid time off, employee assistance, virtual healthcare, emergency childcare, and tuition reimbursement programs.
Available Information
We make available, free of charge, through the "Investors" link then "Financials" then "SEC Filings" on our Internet website at www.treehousefoods.com, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. We use our Internet website, through the "Investors" link, as a channel for routine distribution of important information, including news releases, analyst presentations, and financial information. We are not, however, including the information contained on our website, or information that may be accessed through links to our website, as part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this Form 10-K. Copies of any materials the Company files with the SEC can be obtained free of charge through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business, financial condition, and results of operations are and will remain subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. In addition to the factors discussed elsewhere in this Report, investors should carefully consider the following risk factors, which may have materially affected or could materially affect us, including impacting our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, stock price, credit rating, or reputation. These are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company or other unknown events or factors or risks that we do not currently consider to be material may also impair the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, stock price, credit rating, or reputation.
Business and Operating Risks
Disruption of our supply chain or distribution capabilities could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our ability to manufacture, move, and sell products is critical to our success. We are subject to damage or disruption to raw material supplies or our manufacturing or distribution capabilities (in particular, to the extent that our raw materials are sourced globally) due to weather, including any potential effects of climate change, natural disaster, fire, terrorism, war, adverse geopolitical events such as a Russia-Ukraine war, pandemics and public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), strikes, labor shortages, freight transportation availability and transport capacity constraints, disruption in logistics, import restrictions, or other factors that impair our ability to manufacture or sell our products. Failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations, as well as require additional resources to restore our supply chain.
We are dependent upon third party suppliers and manufacturers for the manufacturing and packaging of our products. Our operating results are adversely affected if we do not manage our supply chain effectively.
The success of our business depends, in part, on maintaining a strong sourcing and manufacturing platform. The inability of any supplier of raw materials or packaging, independent co-packer, or third-party distributor to deliver or perform for us in a timely or cost-effective manner could cause our operating costs to increase and our profit margins to decrease, especially as it relates to our products that have a short shelf life. We must continuously monitor our inventory and product mix against forecasted demand or risk having inadequate supplies to meet consumer demand as well as having too much inventory on hand that may reach its expiration date and become unsaleable.
If we are unable to attract, hire or retain key employees or a highly skilled and diverse global workforce, it could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The competitive environment requires us to attract, hire, retain and develop key employees, including our executive officers and senior management team, and maintain a highly skilled and diverse global workforce. We compete to attract and hire highly skilled employees and our own employees are highly sought after by our competitors and other companies in part as a result of the ongoing labor shortages occurring in the U.S. economy. Competition could cause us to lose talented employees, and unplanned turnover could deplete our institutional knowledge and result in increased costs such as our recent implementation of retention programs due to increased competition for employees.
Our results of operations are adversely affected by labor shortages, turnover, and labor cost increases.
Inflationary pressures, shortages in the labor market, and increased competition within and outside our industry for talented employees have increased our labor costs, which have negatively impacted our profitability. Labor shortages or lack of skilled labor have led to increases in costs to meet demand as we pay overtime and roll out incremental programs to attract and retain talent. Labor shortages may also negatively impact us from servicing all demand or operating our manufacturing and distribution facilities efficiently. Pandemics or public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) have caused illness as well as travel and government restrictions that have negatively impacted our operations by causing labor shortages and shutdowns of manufacturing facilities. Further, we distribute our products and receive materials through the freight transportation market, and reduced trucking capacity due to shortages of drivers can increase costs and reduce service levels due to lack of freight transportation availability. Additionally, an inability to enhance or develop robotic technology to automate processes in our manufacturing and distribution facilities could make us dependent on a labor force in tighter markets. Any substantial increase in these costs negatively impact on our profitability.
We operate in the highly competitive and rapidly changing food industry.
The food industry is highly competitive, and faces increased competition as a result of consolidation, channel proliferation, and the growth of online food retailers and new market participants. We face competition across our product lines from other companies that have varying abilities to withstand changes in market conditions. Some of our competitors have substantial financial, marketing, and other resources, and competition with them in our various business segments and product lines could cause us to reduce prices, increase capital, marketing or other expenditures, or lose sales, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. Category sales and growth could also be adversely impacted if we are not successful in introducing new products.
Some customer buying decisions are based on a periodic bidding process in which the successful bidder is reasonably assured of the sale of its selected product to the food retailer, super center, mass merchandiser, or food-away-from-home distributors, until the next bidding process. Our sales volume may decrease significantly if our offer is too high and we lose the ability to sell products through these channels, even temporarily. Alternatively, we risk reducing our margins if our offer is successful but below our desired price point. Either of these outcomes may adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, competition can impact our ability to pass on increased costs or otherwise increase prices.
As new and evolving distribution channels acquire greater attention with consumers, we will need to evaluate whether our business methods and processes can be utilized or adopted in a manner that permits us to successfully serve these distribution channels. Our inability to offer competitive products to these customer segments could have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
As we are dependent upon a limited number of customers, the loss of a significant customer or consolidation of our customer base could adversely affect our operating results.
A limited number of customers represent a large percentage of our consolidated net sales. Our operating results are contingent on our ability to maintain our sales to these customers. The competition to supply products to these high-volume customers is very strong. We expect that a significant portion of our net sales will continue to arise from a small number of customers, consisting primarily of traditional grocery retailers, mass merchandisers, and foodservice operators. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 56.6% of our consolidated net sales from continuing operations, and our largest customer, Walmart Inc. and its affiliates, accounted for approximately 22.1% of our consolidated net sales from continuing operations. No other customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated net sales. These customers typically do not enter into written contracts with fixed purchase commitments, and the contracts that they do enter into generally are terminable at will. Our customers make purchase decisions based on a combination of price, product quality, and customer service performance. If our product sales to one or more of these customers decline, this reduction may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Further, over the past several years, the retail grocery and foodservice industries have experienced a consolidation trend, which has resulted in mass merchandisers and non-traditional grocers, such as e-commerce grocers with direct-to-consumer channels, gaining market share. As our customer base continues to consolidate, we expect competition to intensify as we compete for the business of the remaining consolidated customers. As this consolidation trend continues and such customers grow larger, they may seek to leverage their growth and position to improve their profitability through improved efficiency, lower pricing, or increased promotional programs. If we are unable to use our scale, product innovation, and category leadership positions to respond to these demands, our profitability or volume growth could be negatively impacted. Additionally, if the surviving entity of a consolidation or similar transaction is not a current customer of the Company, we may lose significant business once held with the acquired retailer.
Consolidation also increases the risk that adverse changes in our customers' business operations or financial performance will have a corresponding material adverse effect on us. For example, if our customers cannot access sufficient funds or financing, then they may delay, decrease, or cancel purchases of our products, or delay or fail to pay us for previous purchases.
Our business operations could be disrupted if our information technology systems fail to perform adequately or are breached.
The efficient operation of our business depends on our information technology systems. We rely on our information technology systems, including the internet, to effectively manage our business data, communications, supply chain, order entry and fulfillment, and other business processes. These information technology systems, some of which are dependent on services provided by third parties, are susceptible to damage, invasions, disruptions, or shutdowns due to hardware failures, computer viruses, hacker attacks, and other cybersecurity risks, telecommunication failures, user errors, employee error or malfeasance, catastrophic events, natural disasters, fire or other factors. Additionally, as a result of state-sponsored cyber threats including those stemming from the Russia-Ukraine war, we may face increased cybersecurity risks as companies based in the United States and its allied countries have become targets of malicious cyber activity. If we are unable to prevent, anticipate or adequately respond to and resolve these breaches, disruptions or failures, our business may be materially disrupted, and we may suffer other adverse consequences such as significant data loss, financial or reputational damage or penalties, legal claims or proceedings, remediation costs, or the loss of sales or customers.
Moreover, if our data management systems, including our SAP enterprise resource planning system, do not effectively collect, store, process, and report relevant data for the operation of our business (whether due to equipment malfunction or constraints, software deficiencies, cybersecurity attack, and/or human error), our ability to effectively plan, forecast, and execute our business plan and comply with applicable laws and regulations will be impaired, perhaps materially. Any such impairment could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the timeliness with which we report our internal and external operating results.
We have invested and expect to continue to invest in technology security initiatives, information technology risk management, and disaster recovery plans. The cost and operational consequences of implementing, maintaining, and enhancing further data or system protection measures could increase significantly to overcome increasingly frequent, complex, and sophisticated cyber threats. Despite our best efforts, we are at risk from data breaches and system disruptions. Although to date we are unaware of any material data breach or system disruption, including a cyber-attack, we cannot provide any assurances that such events and impacts will not be material in the future. Our efforts to deter, identify, mitigate, and/or eliminate future breaches may require significant additional effort and expense and may not be successful.
Potential liabilities and costs from litigation could adversely affect our business.
There is no guarantee that we will be successful in defending ourselves in civil, criminal, or regulatory actions, including under general, commercial, employment, environmental, data privacy or security, intellectual property, food quality and safety, anti-trust and trade, advertising and claims, and environmental laws and regulations, or in asserting our rights under various laws. For example, our Company could face allegations of false or deceptive advertising or other criticisms which could end up in litigation and result in potential liabilities or costs. In addition, we could incur substantial costs and fees in defending ourselves or in asserting our rights in these actions or meeting new legal requirements. The costs and other effects of potential and pending litigation and administrative actions against us, and new legal requirements, cannot be determined with certainty and may differ from expectations.
We are subject to product liability claims for misbranded, adulterated, contaminated, or spoiled food products.
We sell food products for human consumption, which involves risks such as product contamination or spoilage, misbranding, product tampering, and other adulteration of food products. Consumption of a misbranded, adulterated, contaminated, or spoiled product may result in personal illness or injury. We could be subject to claims or lawsuits relating to an actual or alleged illness or injury, and we could incur liabilities that are not insured or that exceed our insurance coverage. Even if product liability claims against us are not successful or fully pursued, these claims could be costly and time consuming, and may require management to divert time and resources from business operations to defending such claims. A product that has been actually or allegedly misbranded or becomes adulterated could result in product withdrawals, product recalls, destruction of product inventory, negative publicity, temporary plant closings, and substantial costs of compliance or remediation. Any of these events, including a significant product liability judgment against us, could result in a loss of confidence in our food products, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our private label and regionally branded products may not be able to compete successfully with nationally branded products.
For sales of private label products to retailers, the principal competitive factors are price, product quality, and quality of service. For sales of private label products to consumers, the principal competitive factors are price and product quality. In many cases, competitors with nationally branded products have a competitive advantage over private label products due to name recognition. In addition, when branded competitors focus on price and promotion, the environment for private label producers becomes more challenging because the price differential between private label products and branded products may become less significant.
Competition to obtain shelf space for our branded products with retailers is primarily based on the expected or historical performance of our product sales relative to our competitors. The principal competitive factors for sales of our branded products to consumers are brand recognition and loyalty, product quality, promotion, and price. Some of our branded competitors have significantly greater resources and brand recognition than we do.
Competitive pressures or other factors could cause us to lose sales, which may require us to lower prices, increase the use of discounting or promotional programs, or increase marketing expenditures, each of which would adversely affect our margins and could result in a decrease in our operating results and profitability.
The recognition of impairment charges on goodwill or long-lived assets adversely impact our financial reporting and results of operations.
As of December 31, 2022, we have $1,817.6 million of goodwill and $296.0 million of other intangible assets. Additionally, we have $666.5 million of property, plant, and equipment and $184.4 million of operating lease right-of-use assets as of December 31, 2022.
We perform an annual impairment assessment for goodwill and our indefinite-lived intangible assets, and as necessary, for other long-lived assets. If the results of such assessments were to show that the fair value of these assets were less than the carrying values, we could be required to recognize a charge for impairment of goodwill or long-lived assets, and the amount of the impairment charge could be material. Factors which could result in an impairment include, but are not limited to, (i) reduced demand for our products, (ii) higher commodity prices, (iii) lower prices for our products or increased marketing as a result of increased competition, and (iv) significant disruptions to our operations as a result of both internal and external events.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, on a continuing operations basis, we incurred a total of $9.2 million of non-cash impairment charges related to the Bars asset group.
These impairments and future impairments on goodwill or long-lived assets have adversely impacted and could impact our future financial position and results of operations.
Multiemployer pension plans could adversely affect our business.
We participate in various multiemployer pension plans administered by labor unions representing some of our employees. We make periodic contributions to these plans to allow them to meet their pension benefit obligations to their participants. Our required contributions to these funds could increase because of a shrinking contribution base as a result of the insolvency or withdrawal of other companies that currently contribute to these funds, inability or failure of withdrawing companies to pay their withdrawal liability, lower than expected returns on pension fund assets or other funding deficiencies. In the event that we withdraw from participation in one of these plans, then applicable law could require us to make an additional lump-sum contribution ("withdrawal liability") to the plan, and we would have to reflect that as an expense in our results of operations. Our withdrawal liability for any multiemployer plan would depend on the extent of the plan’s funding of vested benefits. In the ordinary course of our renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements with labor unions that maintain these plans, we may decide to discontinue participation in a plan, and in that event, we could face a withdrawal liability.
Our business could be harmed by strikes or work stoppages by our employees.
Currently, collective bargaining agreements cover a significant number of our full-time distribution, production, and maintenance employees. A dispute with a union or employees represented by a union could result in production interruptions caused by work stoppages. If a strike or work stoppage were to occur, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
Market and Other External Risks
Increases in input costs, such as ingredients, packaging materials, and fuel costs, adversely affect earnings.
The costs of raw materials, packaging materials, and fuel have varied widely in recent years and future changes in such costs may cause our results of operations and our operating margins to fluctuate significantly. We are also subject to delays caused by interruptions in production of raw materials based on conditions not within our control. Such conditions include job actions, labor shortages or strikes by employees of suppliers, weather, crop conditions, transportation shortages and interruptions, natural disasters, sustainability issues, pandemics and public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), geopolitical events, or other catastrophic events. While individual input cost changes varied throughout the year, with certain costs increasing and others decreasing, input costs were in the aggregate unfavorable in 2022 compared to 2021. The Federal Reserve has recently taken action to reduce domestic inflation by raising interest rates. However, input costs could continue with volatility due to other external events such as the invasion of Ukraine by Russia or any other geopolitical conflicts. Although we have no direct exposure to Russia or Ukraine, our supply chain has been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted by the Russia-Ukraine war. We continue to face other challenges and risks arising from the war including added costs to existing inflationary pressures through increased fuel and raw material prices and labor costs.
We manage the impact of increases in the costs of raw materials, wherever possible, by locking in prices on quantities required to meet our production requirements. During 2021 and 2022, the overall global economy has experienced significant inflation in packaging materials, fuel, energy, and across several agricultural commodities, and there can be no assurance that our hedging activities will result in the optimal price. When feasible, we attempt to offset the effect of such increases by raising prices to our customers. However, changes in the prices of our products may lag behind changes in the costs of our materials. Competitive pressures may also limit our ability to quickly raise prices in response to increased raw materials, packaging, and fuel costs. Accordingly, if we are unable to increase our prices to offset increasing raw material, packaging, and fuel costs, our operating profits and margins could be materially affected. In conditions of increasing input cost inflation, the ability to produce realistic, relevant and reliable forecast information could be materially affected which may result in misleading guidance leading to reputational damage. In addition, in instances of declining input costs, customers may look for price reductions in situations where we have locked into purchases at higher costs.
We may be unable to anticipate changes in consumer preferences, which may result in decreased demand for our products.
Our success depends in part on our ability to anticipate the tastes, quality demands, eating habits, and overall purchasing trends of consumers and to offer products that appeal to their preferences. Purchasing trends are influenced by macro environment factors, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. These include, but are not limited to, at-home vs. food-away-from home consumption, consumer income and government stimulus, inflation, and unemployment. Consumer preferences change from time to time, and our failure to timely anticipate, identify, or react to these changes could result in reduced demand for our products, which would adversely affect our operating results and profitability.
New laws or regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations could adversely affect our business.
The food industry is subject to a variety of federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, those related to food safety, food labeling, and environmental matters. Governmental regulations also affect taxes and levies, healthcare costs, energy usage, international trade, immigration, and other labor issues, all of which may have a direct or indirect effect on our business or those of our customers or suppliers. Changes in these laws or regulations, or the introduction of new laws or regulations, could increase the costs of doing business for the Company, our customers, or suppliers, or restrict our actions, causing our results of operations to be adversely affected.
Our indebtedness and our ability to service our debt adversely affect our business and financial condition.
As of December 31, 2022, we had $1,406.2 million of outstanding indebtedness, including a $588.6 million term loan ("Term Loan A-1") maturing on March 26, 2026, a $316.4 million term loan ("Term Loan A" and, together with Term Loan A-1, the "Term Loans") maturing on March 26, 2028, $500.0 million of 4.0% notes due September 1, 2028 (the "2028 Notes"), and $1.2 million of finance lease obligations. The Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 13) and the Term Loans are known collectively as the "Credit Agreement." The degree to which we are leveraged could have adverse consequences to us, limiting management's choices in responding to business, economic, regulatory, and other competitive conditions. In addition, our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory, and other factors beyond our control. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital, or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In addition, we and our subsidiaries may incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. Although the agreements governing our indebtedness contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. These restrictions also will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the risks described herein would increase.
The terms of the agreements governing our indebtedness restrict our current and future operations.
The agreements governing our indebtedness contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including restrictions on our ability to: incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness; pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock; prepay, redeem, or repurchase certain subordinated debt; issue certain preferred stock or similar equity securities; make loans and investments; sell assets; incur liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; and consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets.
In addition, our Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a certain consolidated net leverage ratio tested on a quarterly basis. Our ability to meet these financial covenants can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may be unable to meet the required ratio.
A breach of the covenants or restrictions under the agreements governing our indebtedness could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross acceleration or cross default provision applies. In addition, an event of default under the Credit Agreement may permit our lenders to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under those facilities. In the event our lenders or noteholders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. As a result of these restrictions, we may be:
•limited in how we conduct our business;
•unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or
•unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.
These restrictions may affect our ability to grow in accordance with our strategy. In addition, our financial results, substantial indebtedness and credit ratings could materially adversely affect the availability and terms of our financing.
Our note receivable may have collectibility risk.
On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business. A portion of the consideration transferred came in the form of a note receivable. A $425.9 million five-year Secured Promissory Note (the "Seller Note Credit Agreement") was issued by Rushmore Investment II LLC ("Holdings"), Rushmore Investment III LLC ("US Buyer") and 1373978 B.C. The Seller Note Credit Agreement sets forth the terms of the Seller Promissory Note and the loan evidenced thereby (the "Seller Loan"). The Seller Loan matures on October 1, 2027 and is guaranteed by Holdings and certain subsidiaries of US Buyer (collectively with Holdings and US Buyer, the "Loan Parties") and secured by a first-priority lien on substantially all of the Loan Parties' assets (subject to customary exceptions and limitations, including in connection with an asset-based revolving credit facility entered into by Holdings, US Buyer, certain of its subsidiaries and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent). See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
While we believe the Seller Loan is collectible, deterioration in the liquidity of the Loan Parties could impact the collectibility of this Seller Loan note receivable.
Disruptions in the financial markets could impair our ability to fund our operations or limit our ability to expand our business.
United States capital credit markets have experienced volatility, dislocations, and liquidity disruptions that caused tightened access to capital markets and other sources of funding. Capital and credit markets and the U.S. and global economies have been affected by additional volatility and negative economic conditions, including inflation, rising interest rates and lower consumer confidence, and the impacts of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. These events have affected and could continue to affect the credit markets and have an adverse effect on other financial markets in the United States, which may make it more difficult or costly for us to raise capital through the issuance of common stock or other equity securities. There can be no assurance that future volatility or disruption in the capital and credit markets will not impair our liquidity or increase our costs of borrowing. Our business could also be negatively impacted if our suppliers or customers experience disruptions resulting from tighter capital and credit markets, or a slowdown in the general economy. Any of these risks could impair our ability to fund our operations or limit our ability to expand our business and could possibly increase our interest expense, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.
Increases in interest rates may negatively affect earnings.
As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate principal amount of our debt instruments with exposure to interest rate risk was approximately $905.0 million, based on the outstanding debt balance of our Credit Agreement. As a result, higher interest rates will increase the cost of servicing our financial instruments with exposure to interest rate risk, and could reduce our profitability and cash flows. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had entered into $875.0 million of long-term interest rate swap agreements to lock into a fixed LIBOR interest rate base. Our variable-rate debt is nearly fully hedged with our fixed rate interest rate swaps, but rising interest rates can impact other areas of the business, including, but not limited to, our pension plans or our suppliers. Each one percentage point change in LIBOR rates would result in an approximate $0.3 million change in the annual cash interest expense, before any principal payment, on our financial instruments with exposure to interest rate risk, including the impact of the $875.0 million in interest rate swap agreements that were effective in 2022.
Certain of our variable rate debt currently uses LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate. LIBOR is the subject of recent proposals for reform. In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") announced its intention to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021; in March 2021, the FCA extended the transition dates of certain LIBOR tenors to June 30, 2023, after which LIBOR reference rates will cease to be provided.
Fluctuations in foreign currencies may adversely affect earnings.
The Company is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries purchase and sell various inputs that are based in U.S. dollars; accordingly, the profitability of the foreign subsidiaries are subject to foreign currency transaction gains and losses that affect earnings. We manage the impact of foreign currency fluctuations related to raw material purchases and sales of finished foods using foreign currency contracts. We are also exposed to fluctuations in the value of our foreign currency investment in our Canadian subsidiaries, which includes Canadian dollar denominated intercompany notes. We translate the Canadian assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses into U.S. dollars at applicable exchange rates. Accordingly, we are exposed to volatility in the translation of foreign currency denominated earnings due to fluctuations in the values of the Canadian dollar, which may negatively impact the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
Changes in weather conditions, natural disasters, geopolitical events, and other catastrophic events beyond our control could adversely affect our results of operations.
Changes in weather conditions or climate changes, natural disasters such as floods, droughts, frosts, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados, fires, or pestilence, geopolitical events such as a Russia-Ukraine war, and other catastrophic events may affect the cost and supply of commodities and raw materials. Additionally, these events could result in reduced supplies of raw materials or availability of critical utilities, such as power. Our competitors may be affected differently by weather conditions and natural disasters depending on the location of their suppliers and operations. Further, changes in weather could impact consumer demand and our earnings may be affected by seasonal factors including the seasonality of our supplies and such changes in consumer demand. Damage or disruption to our production or distribution capabilities due to weather, natural disaster, fire, terrorism, war, pandemic, strikes, or other reasons could impair our ability to manufacture or sell our products. Failure to take adequate steps to reduce the likelihood or mitigate the potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, particularly when a product is sourced from a single location, could adversely affect our business and results of operations, as well as require additional resources to restore our supply chain.
Climate change, including increasingly stringent legal and market measures to address climate change, presents challenges to our business and could materially adversely affect our businesses, reputation, operations and supply chain.
The effects of climate change expose us to both physical and transition risk and create financial and operational risks to our business, both directly and indirectly. There is a general consensus that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions are linked to global climate change, impact global temperatures, weather patterns and the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters, and that these emissions must be reduced dramatically to avert the worst effects of climate change. Regulation of GHG emissions exposes us to costs. In addition, increased public awareness and concern regarding global climate change will likely result in more regulations designed to reduce GHG emissions. These climate changes have a negative effect on agricultural productivity, and we are subject to decreased availability or less favorable pricing for certain raw materials that are necessary for our products, including, but not limited to, coconut oil, coffee, corn and corn syrup, cucumbers, fruit, oats, palm oil, peppers, rice, soybean oil, sugar, tea, and wheat. In addition, increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters may result in material damage and disruptions to our manufacturing operations and distribution channels or our third party manufacturers’ operations, particularly where a product is primarily sourced from a single location. This may require us to make additional unplanned capital expenditures, increase the prices of our raw materials due to sourcing from other locations, increase our cost of transporting and storing raw materials, or disrupt our production schedules.
Also, the impacts of these climate events may cause unpredictable water availability or exacerbate water scarcity. Water is critical to our businesses, including the businesses of the suppliers on whom we depend upon, and the lack of available water of acceptable quality may lead to, among other things, adverse effects on our operations. The increasing concern over climate change and related environmental sustainability matters also has and is likely to continue to result in more federal, state, local and foreign legal requirements, including requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases or conserve and replenish water. Depending on the nature of such laws, we may experience significant increases in our compliance costs, capital expenditures, and other financial obligations to adapt our business and operations to meet new regulations and standards. We depend upon natural gas, diesel fuel, and electricity in the manufacturing and distribution of our products. Legislation or regulation affecting these inputs could materially affect our profitability. Further, our businesses could be adversely affected if we are unable to effectively address increased concerns from the media, shareholders and other stakeholders on climate change and related environmental sustainability and governance matters. In addition, over the years we have made public commitments regarding our intended reduction of carbon emissions and other near- and mid-term environmental sustainability goals. Although we intend to meet these goals, we may be required to expend significant resources to do so, which could significantly increase our operational costs. Further, there can be no assurance of the extent to which any of our goals or ambitions will be achieved, or that any future investments we make in furtherance of achieving such goals will meet investor expectations or any binding or non-binding legal standards regarding sustainability performance. Moreover, we may determine that it is in the best interest of our Company and our shareholders to prioritize other business, social, governance or sustainable investments over the achievement of our current commitments based on economic, regulatory and social factors, business strategy or pressure from investors, activist groups or other stakeholders. Any failure to achieve the goals and commitments we have and may in the future set with respect to reducing our impact on the environment or perception of a failure to act responsibly with respect to the environment, could, in addition to regulatory and legal risks related to compliance, lead to adverse publicity, which could damage our reputation, which in turn could adversely impact our results of operations. As a result, climate change, including legal and market pressures to address climate change, could have a material adverse affect to our businesses, financial condition, capital expenditures, results of operations, cash flows, and supply chain.
Shareholder activism has caused us to incur significant expense, caused disruption to our business, and impacted our stock price.
We have recently been subject to shareholder activism and may be subject to such activism in the future, which could result in substantial costs and divert management's and our Board's attention and resources from our business. Additionally, such shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect our relationships with our employees, customers or service providers, and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Also, we may be required to incur significant fees and other expenses related to activist shareholder matters, including for third-party advisors. Our stock price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any shareholder activism.
Strategic Risks
Our inability to execute our business strategy could adversely affect our business.
As we roll-out and execute on our business strategy, we have redesigned our operating model to deliver our growth objectives. We expect that the execution of our strategy will require change management activities to align our operating model for our new portfolio following the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business. Our capital investment plan to drive long term growth will be based on our new strategy. Our strategic ambition to be a leader in consumer trending food and beverage categories may divert the organization’s attention from other business issues. Our success is partly dependent upon properly executing, and realizing cost savings or other benefits from, these often-complex initiatives. Any failure to implement our initiatives could adversely affect our ability to grow margins. If we are unsuccessful in implementing or executing one or more of our business strategies, our business could be adversely affected.
The divestiture of a significant portion of the Meal Preparation business could negatively impact our performance.
On October 3, 2022, we completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business. See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. This business was integrated with our continuing operations, including, but not limited to, certain information technology systems, procurement and order processing, customer service, human resources, and our distribution network. The Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement ("TSA") with the Buyer designed to ensure and facilitate an orderly transfer of business operations. These services terminate at various times up to twenty-four months from the date of sale and certain services can be renewed with a maximum of an additional twelve-month period. We continue to work to fully separate from this divestiture, and we will incur additional costs to complete this transition that we may not be able to fully pass on to the Buyer. These TSA activities will divert resources from our business during the TSA period. Further, inefficiencies may result if such separation is delayed or not implemented effectively, and unforeseen difficulties and expenditures that may arise as a result, including potential stranded costs. These matters could have a negative impact on our financial performance.
Our operations are subject to the general risks associated with acquisitions, divestitures, and other strategic transactions.
We have made several acquisitions and divestitures in recent years that align with our strategic initiative of delivering long-term value to shareholders. See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Potential risks associated with these transactions include the inability to consummate a transaction on favorable terms, the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns, the potential loss of key employees and customers of current or acquired companies, the inability to integrate or divest operations successfully, the possible assumptions of unknown liabilities, potential disputes with buyers or sellers, potential impairment charges or losses if purchase assumptions are not achieved or if a business is expected to be divested at a loss, restructuring and other disposal charges, and the inherent risks in entering markets or lines of business in which the Company has limited or no prior experience. Any or all of these risks could impact the Company’s financial results and business reputation.
We may not realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of our growth, reinvestment, and restructuring programs in the anticipated time frame or at all.
We depend on our ability to evolve and grow, and as changes in our business environments occur, we may adjust our business plans by introducing new growth, reinvestment, and restructuring programs, from time to time, to meet these changes, such as our Strategic Growth Initiatives, a growth and reinvestment strategy, Structure to Win, an operating expense improvement program, and TreeHouse 2020, a long-term growth and margin improvement strategy involving plants and distribution locations. During 2022, the Company incurred approximately $85.1 million in growth, reinvestment, and restructuring program costs from continuing operations. See Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Growth, reinvestment, and restructuring programs often require a substantial amount of management and operational resources, which may divert the Company’s attention from existing core businesses, potentially disrupting our operations and adversely affecting our relationships with suppliers and customers. In addition, events and circumstances, such as financial or strategic difficulties, delays and unexpected costs may occur that could result in our not realizing all or any of the anticipated benefits on our expected timetable or at all, and there can be no assurance that any benefits we realize from these efforts will be sufficient to offset the expenses and costs that we expect to incur from these programs.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties
We operate the following production facilities, the majority of which we own, as shown below. We lease our principal executive offices in Oak Brook, Illinois and other office space in Green Bay, Wisconsin. We also maintain a network of leased distribution facilities. We believe our owned and leased facilities are suitable for our operations and provide sufficient capacity to meet our requirements for the foreseeable future. The following chart lists the location and principal products produced at our production facilities as of December 31, 2022:
United States:
Forest Park, Georgia
(Refrigerated dough) Chicago, Illinois
(Pickles) Dixon, Illinois
(Aseptic cheese sauces and puddings) Pecatonica, Illinois
(Non-dairy powdered creamer)
South Beloit, Illinois
(Cookies) Cedar Rapids, Iowa
(Hot cereal) New Hampton, Iowa
(Non-dairy powdered creamer) Princeton, Kentucky
(Crackers)
Wayland, Michigan
(Non-dairy powdered creamer) Lakeville, Minnesota
(Bars) Cambridge, Maryland**
(Broth and ready-to-drink beverages) Tonawanda, New York
(Cookies)
Faison, North Carolina
(Pickles) Hanover, Pennsylvania
(Pretzels) Lancaster, Pennsylvania
(Pretzels) Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania
(Candy)
Carrollton, Texas
(Refrigerated dough) Dallas, Texas*
(Single serve hot beverages) Ogden, Utah*
(In-store bakery and frozen griddle) Green Bay, Wisconsin
(Pickles)
Manawa, Wisconsin
(Powdered drinks, single serve hot beverages and hot cereals)
Canada:
Delta, British Columbia*
(Specialty tea) Brantford, Ontario
(Frozen griddle) Georgetown, Ontario
(Crackers) Kitchener, Ontario
(Crackers)
Richmond Hill, Ontario*
(Broth)
*The Company leases these facilities.
**Subsequent to December 31, 2022, the Company purchased the Cambridge, Maryland facility. The Company was leasing this facility as of December 31, 2022.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Information regarding legal proceedings is available in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "THS."
On January 31, 2023, there were 1,755 shareholders of record of our common stock.
We have not paid any cash dividends on the common stock and currently anticipate that, for the foreseeable future, we will retain any earnings for the development of our business. Accordingly, no dividends are expected to be declared or paid on the common stock. The declaration of dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
On November 2, 2017, the Company announced that the Board of Directors adopted a stock repurchase program. The stock repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $400 million of the Company’s common stock at any time, or from time to time. Any repurchases under the program may be made by means of open market transactions, negotiated block transactions, or otherwise, including pursuant to a repurchase plan administered in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. The size and timing of any repurchases will depend on price, market and business conditions, and other factors. The Company has the ability to make discretionary repurchases up to an annual cap of $150 million under the $400 million total authorization of which $266.7 million remained available under the stock repurchase program. Any shares repurchased will be held as treasury stock. There were no shares repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Performance Graph
The price information reflected for our common stock in the following performance graph and accompanying table represents the closing sales prices of the common stock for the period from December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2022. The graph and accompanying table compare the cumulative total stockholders’ return on our common stock with the cumulative total return of the S&P SmallCap 600 Index and the S&P Food & Beverage Select Index.
The graph assumes an investment of $100 on December 31, 2017 in each of TreeHouse Foods’ common stock, the stocks comprising the S&P SmallCap 600 Index, and the S&P Food & Beverage Select Index.
Comparison of Cumulative Total Return of $100 among TreeHouse Foods, Inc., S&P SmallCap 600 Index, S&P MidCap 400 Index, and the S&P Food & Beverage Select Index
Base
Period INDEXED RETURNS
Years Ending
Company Name/Index 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022
TreeHouse Foods, Inc. 100 $ 102.53 $ 98.06 $ 85.91 $ 81.95 $ 99.84
S&P SmallCap 600 Index 100 91.52 112.37 125.05 158.59 133.06
S&P Food & Beverage Select Index 100 90.80 111.06 133.00 153.96 152.01
The performance graph and related table above is furnished and not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and will not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement filed under the 1933 Act unless specifically identified therein as being incorporated therein by reference. The performance graph is not soliciting material subject to Regulation 14A.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Executive Overview
The following discussion and analysis presents the factors that had a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. This should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to those Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements. See Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks, and assumptions associated with these statements.
Recent Developments
Sale of a Significant Portion of the Meal Preparation Business
On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business (the "Business"), including pasta, pourable and spoonable dressing, preserves, red sauces, syrup, dry blends and baking, dry dinners, pie filling, pita chips and other sauces, for a closing purchase price of $963.8 million (the "Transaction"), subject to customary purchase price post-closing adjustments, pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022. The Company used $500.0 million of the net proceeds to pay down debt on its term loans. This Transaction is in line with the Company’s strategy to build leadership and depth around a focused group of categories in its higher-growth businesses. Beginning in the third quarter of 2022, the Business met the criteria for discontinued operations presentation, and, as such, has been excluded from continuing operations for all periods presented. Refer to Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Segment Change
As a result of entering into the sale agreement of a significant portion of the Company's Meal Preparation business, the Company changed the structure of its internal organization and reporting in the third quarter of 2022 and began operating as one segment. Refer to Note 1 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the change in segment structure during the third quarter of 2022.
Executive Summary
The following table summarizes our consolidated financial results (in millions, except per share data and percentages):
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 % Change
GAAP Results
Net sales $ 3,454.0 $ 2,945.9 17.2 %
Net loss from continuing operations (16.1) (80.9) 80.1
Diluted loss per share from continuing operations (0.29) (1.45) 80.0
Non-GAAP Results (1)
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations 287.0 288.3 (0.5)
Adjusted net income from continuing operations 66.1 53.1 24.5
Adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations 1.17 0.94 24.5
(1)Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations, adjusted net income from continuing operations, and adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations are Non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to the "Non-GAAP Measures" section for additional information.
2022 Financial Highlights
The following are highlights in our net sales and earnings for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Refer to the "Results of Operations" section for further discussion and analysis.
•Net sales increased 17.2% primarily due to our pricing actions to recover commodity and freight cost inflation as we continue to manage through the current inflationary macro environment. However, labor and supply chain disruption constrained our capacity to service increased demand for private label food and beverage products.
•Earnings were steady year-over-year due to our pricing actions to recover commodity and freight inflation, but global labor and continued supply chain disruption challenged our profitability when compared to 2021.
Known Trends or Uncertainties
Macroeconomic Conditions
We believe that the private label value proposition is becoming increasingly important for consumers as inflation is reflected in higher shelf price, and we have seen demand for private label strengthen. Our ability to service this strengthening demand continues to be impacted by the macro environment, including industry-wide supply chain disruption and labor availability challenges. These items are not only impacting our sales volume, but they are also adversely impacting our profitability. These issues coupled with commodity inflation and increased freight costs, have increased our cost to service the customer. In response, we implemented pricing actions to recover costs that built throughout 2022 with our final wave of pricing implemented in the fourth quarter of 2022. Additionally, rising interest rates during 2022 are challenges for both companies and consumers that are impacting the economy. The strengthening of the U.S. Dollar also adversely impacts the results of our Canadian operations.
Supply Chain Disruption and Labor Shortages
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we continued to experience significant disruptions in the global supply chain network which began during the year ended December 31, 2021. These disruptions include, but are not limited to, items such as freight transportation availability, labor challenges, and raw materials and packaging availability challenges, which have negatively impacted our margins and ability to service demand during the year ended December 31, 2022. In response, we implemented labor and supply initiatives, which included actions such as increasing hourly labor rates, awarding bonuses to our hourly employees in order to better attract and retain talent, implementing one-time retention programs, granting additional stock-based compensation awards to drive retention, securing additional suppliers, and engaging additional transportation partners. We will continue to actively monitor and manage our response to these disruptions, but depending on duration and severity, these trends could continue to negatively impact our margins and service levels.
Commodity Inflation
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company continued to experience significant cost increases compared to 2021 across raw materials, packaging materials, fuel, energy, and agricultural commodities, including but not limited to edible oils (soybean, palm, and coconut), wheat, oats, coffee, corn, cucumbers, and eggs. In particular, the price of eggs increased in 2022 in part due to a wave of avian flu which impacted the supply of chickens and turkeys in the United States.
Additionally, in February 2022 as a result of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the United States and other countries imposed economic sanctions on Russian financial institutions, oil and gas imports, and other businesses. TreeHouse Foods is a North American focused company with no direct exposure to Russia or Ukraine. As such, the impact to TreeHouse has not been material to date. However, sanctions imposed by the United States on Russia oil and gas imports, as well as disruption caused to Ukraine's wheat and other agricultural supply due to the ongoing military conflict, is causing further inflation to our commodity costs. We will continue to monitor any broader economic impact from the current conflict.
We manage the impact of cost increases, wherever possible, on commercially reasonable terms, by locking in prices on the quantities we expect are required to meet our production requirements. In addition, as input costs rise, we seek to recover inflation by implementing higher pricing. However, our pricing actions often lag commodity cost changes temporarily, or we may not be able to pass along the full effect of increases in raw materials and other input costs as we incur them.
Rising Interest Rates
The Federal Reserve has raised the federal funds interest rate throughout 2022 and is expected to continue to raise rates in 2023 in its effort to take action against domestic inflation. The Company has long-term interest rate swap agreements to lock into a fixed LIBOR interest rate base in order to mitigate the Company's exposure to interest rate risk. As of December 31, 2022, we have an outstanding variable-rate debt balance of $905.0 million, and our interest rate swap agreements with a fixed LIBOR interest rate base are at $875.0 million and mature on February 28, 2025. As a result, our variable-rate debt is nearly fully hedged with our fixed rate interest rate swaps. The rising interest rates have had a favorable impact to the fair value of the Company's interest rate swap agreements, and the Company recorded a $78.4 million mark-to-market unrealized gain for the year ended December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 21 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. For additional information regarding the Company's exposure to interest rate risk, refer to Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations
The U.S. Dollar has been strengthening compared to most foreign currencies. The most significant currency affecting our continuing operating results is the Canadian Dollar. The Canadian Dollar exposures to revenue are greater than the exposure to input costs for foreign produced products. As such, a weaker Canadian Dollar leads to an unfavorable impact to the Company’s operating results. In addition to higher input costs, the Company is impacted by the re-measurement of the Canadian Dollar denominated intercompany loans and the translation of the Canadian Dollar financial statements. The Company recorded a $1.7 million loss on foreign currency exchange within the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the Company recorded a $16.1 million loss on foreign currency translation within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2022. We will continue to monitor the impact of foreign currency to the Company's results of operations.
Results of Operations
The following table presents certain information concerning our financial results, including information presented as a percentage of consolidated net sales:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Dollars Percent Dollars Percent Dollars Percent
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales $ 3,454.0 100.0 % $ 2,945.9 100.0 % $ 2,994.3 100.0 %
Cost of sales 2,939.1 85.1 2,479.2 84.2 2,449.6 81.8
Gross profit 514.9 14.9 466.7 15.8 544.7 18.2
Operating expenses:
Selling and distribution 219.0 6.3 200.4 6.8 196.6 6.6
General and administrative 206.6 6.0 185.3 6.3 225.9 7.5
Amortization expense 47.9 1.4 47.3 1.6 50.4 1.7
Asset impairment - - 9.2 0.3 - -
Other operating expense, net 62.9 1.8 84.7 2.9 69.1 2.3
Total operating expenses 536.4 15.5 526.9 17.9 542.0 18.1
Operating (loss) income (21.5) (0.6) (60.2) (2.1) 2.7 0.1
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense 69.9 2.0 72.1 2.4 92.6 3.1
Interest income (15.5) (0.4) (4.7) (0.2) (4.8) (0.2)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 4.5 0.1 14.4 0.5 1.2 -
Loss (gain) on foreign currency exchange 1.7 - (0.4) - (0.6) -
Other (income) expense, net (74.3) (2.2) (39.4) (1.3) 30.2 1.0
Total other (income) expense (13.7) (0.5) 42.0 1.4 118.6 3.9
Loss before income taxes (7.8) (0.1) (102.2) (3.5) (115.9) (3.8)
Income tax expense (benefit) 8.3 0.2 (21.3) (0.7) (61.1) (2.0)
Net loss from continuing operations (16.1) (0.3) (80.9) (2.8) (54.8) (1.8)
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations (130.2) (3.8) 68.4 2.3 68.6 2.3
Net (loss) income $ (146.3) (4.1) % $ (12.5) (0.5) % $ 13.8 0.5 %
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021
Continuing Operations
Net Sales - Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 totaled $3,454.0 million compared to $2,945.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $508.1 million, or 17.2%. The change in net sales from 2021 to 2022 was due to the following:
Dollars Percent
(In millions)
2021 Net sales $ 2,945.9
Pricing 533.3 18.1 %
Volume/mix (19.5) (0.7)
Foreign currency (5.7) (0.2)
2022 Net sales $ 3,454.0 17.2 %
Foreign currency 0.2
Percent change in organic net sales (1) 17.4 %
(1)Organic net sales is a Non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to the "Non-GAAP Measures" section for additional information.
The net sales increase of 17.2% was primarily driven by favorable pricing to recover commodity and freight cost inflation. This was partially offset by labor and supply chain disruption, which constrained our ability to service demand. Additionally, decreases in volume were due to exiting lower margin business particularly in Pickles.
Gross Profit - Gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 14.9% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 15.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of 0.9 percentage points. The decrease is primarily due to incremental costs related to labor and supply chain disruption as a result of the macro environment. Additionally, inbound freight cost inflation and warehouse capacity challenges contributed to the decrease. This was partially offset by the Company's pricing actions to recover commodity and freight inflation in prior periods, favorable category mix, and lower costs for purchases of personal protective equipment for employees and additional sanitation measures.
Total Operating Expenses - Total operating expenses were $536.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $526.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $9.5 million. The increase is primarily attributable to higher freight costs of $18.7 million due to freight cost inflation and lower utilization of full truck load shipments due to supply chain disruption. Additionally, higher employee compensation costs to address retention and labor shortages contributed to the increase. This was partially offset by TSA income and a non-recurring non-cash impairment charge of $9.2 million related to the Bars asset group in 2021.
Total Other (Income) Expense - Total other expense of $42.0 million in 2021 decreased by $55.7 million to be total other income of $13.7 million in 2022. The decrease was primarily due to higher favorable non-cash mark-to-market impacts from hedging activities of $37.8 million, largely driven by interest rate swaps due to rising interest rates, interest income of $10.6 million from our Note Receivable, and a lower loss on extinguishment of debt in 2022 compared to 2021.
Income Taxes - Income taxes were recognized at an effective rate of (106.4)% in 2022 compared to 20.8% in 2021. The change in the Company's effective tax rate is primarily driven by a change in the valuation allowance recorded against certain deferred tax assets and a change in the tax deductible stock-based compensation.
Our effective tax rate may change from period to period based on recurring and non-recurring factors including the jurisdictional mix of earnings, enacted tax legislation, state income taxes, settlement of tax audits, and the expiration of the statute of limitations in relation to unrecognized tax benefits.
Discontinued Operations
Discontinued Operations - Net (loss) income from discontinued operations was a $130.2 million loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $68.4 million of income for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $198.6 million. The decrease is primarily due to an expected loss on disposal of $128.5 million as a result of the completion of the sale of a significant portion of the Meal Preparation business on October 3, 2022, a decrease in gross margin of $81.0 million, and the completion of the sale of the Ready-to-eat Cereal business on June 1, 2021, which resulted in a non-recurring pre-tax gain of $18.4 million. Gross margin was adversely impacted by commodity and freight cost inflation, which was offset by favorable pricing actions to recover inflation, and incremental costs related to labor and supply chain disruption. An increase in interest expense due to rising interest rates also contributed to the decrease. Partially offsetting the decrease in income was lower operating expenses due to the fact that 2022 was not a full year of these costs. Refer to Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020
Continuing Operations
Net Sales - Consolidated net sales decreased 1.6% to $2,945.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $2,994.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The change in net sales from 2020 to 2021 was due to the following:
Dollars Percent
(In millions)
2020 Net Sales $ 2,994.3
Volume/mix excluding divestitures (94.9) (3.2) %
Pricing 59.9 2.0
Volume/mix related to divestitures (21.4) (0.7)
Foreign currency 8.0 0.3
2021 Net Sales $ 2,945.9 (1.6) %
Volume/mix related to divestitures 0.7
Foreign currency (0.3)
Percent change in organic net sales (1) (1.2) %
(1)Organic net sales is a Non-GAAP financial measure. Refer to the "Non-GAAP Measures" section for additional information.
The net sales decrease of 1.6% was primarily driven by unfavorable volume/mix excluding divestitures due to lower COVID-19 related retail grocery demand in 2021 compared to 2020, supply chain disruption, which challenged our ability to meet demand, and lower volume/mix due to the divestiture of the two In-Store Bakery facilities. The decrease in net sales was partially offset by favorable pricing to partially recover commodity and freight cost inflation, increased demand in the food-away-from home sales channel, new product sales, and favorable Canadian foreign exchange.
Gross Profit - Gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 15.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 18.2% for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of 2.4 percentage points. The decrease is primarily due to commodity inflation, supply chain disruption causing increased labor costs and supply shortages, which combined with reduced COVID-19 related retail grocery demand, resulted in unfavorable fixed cost overhead due to lower volume, unfavorable channel mix from increased food-away-from-home demand, and increased operational costs as a result of severe winter weather in certain regions of the U.S during the first quarter of 2021. This was partially offset by favorable pricing actions to recover commodity and freight cost inflation and lower costs necessary to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as increased production shifts, supplemental pay, protective equipment for employees, and additional sanitation measures.
Total Operating Expenses - Total operating expenses were $526.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $542.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of $15.1 million. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower employee incentive compensation expense, lower professional fees, and a non-recurring legal settlement that occurred in 2020. This was partially offset by higher freight costs of $11.7 million due to freight cost inflation, a non-cash impairment charge of $9.2 million related to the Bars asset group, and one-time employee recognition payments to drive retention.
Total Other Expense - Total other expense decreased by $76.6 million to $42.0 million in 2021 compared to $118.6 million in 2020. The decrease was primarily related to favorable non-cash mark-to-market impacts from hedging activities of $67.3 million, driven by interest rate swaps and partially offset by commodity contracts. Additionally, the Company incurred lower interest expense as a result of debt refinancing completed in the first quarter of 2021 and third quarter of 2020. This was partially offset by a higher loss on extinguishment of debt in 2021 compared to 2020.
Income Taxes - Income taxes were recognized at an effective rate of 20.8% in 2021 compared to 52.7% in 2020. The change in the Company's effective tax rate is primarily the result of changes in the amount recognized associated with the net operating loss carryback of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") and the amount of valuation allowance recorded against certain deferred tax assets.
Our effective tax rate may change from period to period based on recurring and non-recurring factors including the jurisdictional mix of earnings, enacted tax legislation, state income taxes, settlement of tax audits, and the expiration of the statute of limitations in relation to unrecognized tax benefits.
Discontinued Operations
Discontinued Operations - Net (loss) income from discontinued operations was $68.4 million of income for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $68.6 million of income for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of $0.2 million. Decreases were primarily due to a $43.9 million decrease in gross margin, higher freight costs due to freight cost inflation, integration costs associated with the recent pasta acquisition, and higher marketing spend. Increases were offset primarily due to a greater non-recurring impairment charge related to the expected loss on disposal of the RTE Cereal business recognized in 2020 of $51.2 million compared to that recognized in 2021 of $0.3 million. Other increases were due to the completion of the sale of the RTE Cereal business on June 1, 2021 resulting in the recognition of a pre-tax gain of $18.4 million. Refer to Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow
Management assesses the Company's liquidity in terms of its ability to generate cash to fund its operating, investing, and financing activities. The Company remains in a strong financial position, with resources available for reinvesting in existing businesses, including our strategic growth initiatives, and managing its capital structure on a short and long-term basis.
Seller Note Credit Agreement
On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business for a closing purchase price of $963.8 million, subject to customary purchase price post-closing adjustments. The purchase price consideration transferred included a $425.9 million five-year secured Seller Promissory Note ("Seller Note Credit Agreement") with Rushmore Investment II LLC (“Holdings”) and the US Buyer (collectively with Holdings and US Buyer, the "Loan Parties") which matures on October 1, 2027.
The Seller Note Credit Agreement sets forth the terms of the Seller Promissory Note and the loan evidenced thereby (the "Seller Loan"). The Seller Loan bears interest at a rate per annum equal to 10% for the first two years thereof, 11% for the third year thereof, 12% for the fourth year thereof, and 13% thereafter, payable quarterly in arrears. For the first year of the Seller Loan, a portion of the interest, of up to 1% per annum, may be paid in kind; all other interest for the first year, and all interest thereafter, will be paid in cash. Starting on March 31, 2025, the Loan Parties shall commence repayment of the principal amount of the Seller Loan on a quarterly basis at 0.25% of the principal adjusted for prepayments. The Seller Loan has a balance of $427.0 million as of December 31, 2022.
Receivables Sales Program
The Company has the ability to strategically manage customer payment terms and counterparty risk by selling receivables in a cost-effective manner through its Receivables Sales Program. Approximately $152.9 million was available under the Receivables Sales Program limit as of December 31, 2022. See Note 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our Receivables Sales Program. Our Receivables Sales Program provides us lower cost access to liquidity when compared to the Revolving Credit Facility.
As a result of the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business, the Company was required to reduce the sale of receivables related to the divested business. Subsequent to the Transaction, the Company will continue to evaluate the extent of the use of the Receivables Sales Program for its cash resource needs and expects to reduce the use of factoring.
Revolving Credit Facility
If additional borrowings are needed, approximately $482.3 million was available under the Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2022. In October 2022, the Company reduced the revolving credit commitment from $750.0 million to an aggregate amount of $500.0 million. See Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our Revolving Credit Facility. We are in compliance with the terms of the Revolving Credit Facility and expect to meet foreseeable financial requirements.
CARES Act
Our cash earnings and liquidity have been impacted by global macroeconomic challenges with commodity inflation and supply chain disruption, but we anticipate our current cash balances, cash flows from operations, and our available sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements. Under the CARES Act, we deferred the payment of $21.7 million in payroll taxes in 2020, with $12.3 million paid in 2021 and 2022, and the remaining $9.4 million to be paid in the first quarter of 2023. We filed refund claims from the Internal Revenue Service of $73.5 million and $8.3 million related to the net operating loss carryback provisions of the CARES Act for the 2019 and 2020 federal tax losses, respectively. We received $71.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 and the remaining $2.1 million in the third quarter of 2022 related to the 2019 refund claim, and we received $8.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 related to the 2020 refund claim.
The following table is derived from our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Net Cash Flows Provided By (Used In):
Operating activities of continuing operations $ (81.6) $ 140.5 $ 212.3
Investing activities of continuing operations (90.0) (68.5) (69.7)
Financing activities of continuing operations (522.4) (361.9) 74.3
Cash flows from discontinued operations 432.6 235.7 (58.6)
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021
Operating Activities From Continuing Operations
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations was $81.6 million in 2022 compared to net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations of $140.5 million in 2021, a decrease of $222.1 million. The increase in cash used was primarily attributable to increased investment in inventories in connection with actions taken to improve service levels as well as commodity and freight cost inflation, which have increased receivables and inventories due to pricing actions and higher input costs. Additionally, separation costs in connection with divestiture activities contributed to cash used.
Investing Activities From Continuing Operations
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $90.0 million in 2022 compared to $68.5 million in 2021, an increase in cash used of $21.5 million. This was primarily driven by non-recurring proceeds received from the sale of our investments during the first quarter of 2021 as the Company entered into a total return swap contract to hedge the market risk associated with the unfunded portion of the Company's deferred compensation liability (refer to Note 21 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information) and higher capital expenditures in 2022 as the Company began to implement its post-divestiture strategy of deploying more capital and reinvesting in the business for manufacturing plant improvements. This was partially offset by increased proceeds received from the sale of fixed assets.
Financing Activities From Continuing Operations
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations was $522.4 million in 2022 compared to $361.9 million in 2021, an increase in cash used of $160.5 million. The increase in cash used is primarily due the prepayment of debt of $500.0 million, which consisted of $174.8 million on Term Loan A and $325.2 million on Term Loan A-1. Additionally, a non-recurring increase to the Term Loan balances of $304.0 million during 2021 due to Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement contributed to the increase in cash used. This was partially offset by a non-recurring cash outflow for debt refinancing in 2021, which included the redemption of the 2024 Notes of $602.9 million. Additionally, offsetting the increase in cash used was a non-recurring of a cash outflow of $25.0 million common stock repurchases during 2021.
Cash Flows From Discontinued Operations
Net cash provided by discontinued operations was $432.6 million in 2022 compared to cash provided by discontinued operations of $235.7 million in 2021, an increase in cash provided of $196.9 million. The increase in cash provided in 2022 is primarily due the proceeds received of $537.9 million from the completion of the sale of a significant portion of the Meal Preparation business on October 3, 2022. This was partially offset by non-recurring proceeds received of $88.0 million from the completion of the sale of the RTE Cereal business on June 1, 2021. Additionally, the increase was partially offset by lower cash earnings from the Meal Preparation business, which reflects the impact of commodity and freight cost inflation. Working capital changes have been impacted by higher sales as a result of price increases in response to commodity and freight cost inflation, which have increased receivables and inventories. Refer to Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020
Operating Activities From Continuing Operations
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $140.5 million in 2021 compared to $212.3 million in 2020, a decrease in cash provided of $71.8 million. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower cash earnings, which included a non-recurring cash benefit from the CARES Act received in 2020 and higher incentive compensation paid in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020 based on prior year performance. This was partially offset by an increase in cash flows from the Receivables Sales Program (refer to Note 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information) and an increase in cash flow from accounts payable due to improved working capital management.
Investing Activities From Continuing Operations
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $68.5 million in 2021 compared to $69.7 million in 2020, a decrease in cash used of $1.2 million. The decrease was primarily driven by a non-recurring prior year acquisition of a refrigerated dough businesses and the proceeds received from the sale of our investments during 2021 as the Company entered into a total return swap contract to hedge the market risk associated with the unfunded portion of the Company's deferred compensation liability (refer to Note 21 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). This was partially offset by non-recurring proceeds received from the prior year sale of the In-Store Bakery and Minneapolis, Minnesota facilities.
Financing Activities From Continuing Operations
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations was $361.9 million in 2021 compared to cash provided by financing activities of $74.3 million in 2020, an increase in cash used of $436.2 million. The increase in cash used is primarily attributable to the redemption of the 2024 Notes of $602.9 million and non-recurring proceeds of $500.0 million received from the issuance of the Company's 2028 Notes in the prior year. This was partially offset by Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement, which resulted in an increase in Term Loan balances $304.0 million used to fund the redemption of the 2024 Notes during 2021, and non-recurring cash used for the prior year redemption of the 2022 Notes of $375.9 million during 2020. Repurchases of common stock were $25.0 million in both 2021 and 2020.
Cash Flows From Discontinued Operations
Net cash provided by discontinued operations was $235.7 million in 2021 compared to cash used in discontinued operations of $58.6 million in 2020, an increase in cash provided of $294.3 million. The increase in cash provided by discontinued operations is primarily attributable to a non-recurring 2020 acquisition of a pasta business for $239.2 million, proceeds received from the completion of the sale of the RTE Cereal business of $88.0 million in 2021. This was partially offset by a decrease in cash flow provided by operating activities from a significant portion of the Meal Preparation and RTE Cereal businesses, which reflect the impact of reduced COVID-19 related retail grocery demand and commodity and freight cost inflation. Refer to Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Debt Obligations
As of December 31, 2022, $482.3 million of the aggregate commitment of $500.0 million of the Revolving Credit Facility was available. Under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), the Revolving Credit Facility matures on March 26, 2026. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, there were $17.7 million in letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facility that were issued but undrawn, which have been included as a reduction to the calculation of available credit.
The Company’s average interest rate on debt outstanding under its Credit Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 5.53%. Including the impact of interest rate swap agreements in effect as of December 31, 2022, the average rate is 4.91%
Our long-term debt outstanding, including the current portion, was $1,406.2 million at December 31, 2022 and $1,921.5 million at December 31, 2021, a decrease of $515.3 million. This decrease was primarily due prepayment of debt of $500.0 million which consisted of $174.8 million on Term Loan A and $325.2 million on Term Loan A-1. The cash used to pay down debt was from the cash proceeds of the sale of a significant portion of the Meal Preparation business. As a result of the principal prepayment of $500.0 million on Term Loan A and Term Loan A-1 in October 2022, principal amortization payments are no longer due on a quarterly basis, and the remaining principal balances are due at maturity. The maturity dates for Term Loan A and Term Loan A-1 are March 26, 2028 and March 26, 2026, respectively. The remainder of the decrease in our debt was due to quarterly principal payments. Finance lease obligations decreased by $1.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.
At December 31, 2022, we had $316.4 million outstanding under Term Loan A, $588.6 million outstanding under Term Loan A-1, $500.0 million of the 2028 Notes outstanding, and $1.2 million of finance lease obligations.
The Credit Agreement contains various financial and restrictive covenants and requires that the Company maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio of no greater than 4.50 to 1.0, and our debt obligations contain customary representations and events of default. We are in compliance with all applicable debt covenants as of December 31, 2022.
See Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our debt obligations.
Guarantor Summarized Financial Information
The 2028 Notes issued by TreeHouse Foods, Inc. are fully and unconditionally, as well as jointly and severally, guaranteed by our directly and indirectly owned domestic subsidiaries, which are collectively known as the "Guarantor Subsidiaries." The guarantees of the Guarantor Subsidiaries are subject to release in limited circumstances, only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of the parent company or any guarantor to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan.
The following tables present summarized financial information of TreeHouse Foods, Inc. and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis. The combined summarized financial information eliminates intercompany balances and transactions among TreeHouse Foods, Inc. and the Guarantor Subsidiaries and equity in earnings and investments in any Guarantor Subsidiaries or Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. The summarized financial information is provided in accordance with the reporting requirements of Rule 13-01 under SEC Regulation S-X for the issuer and Guarantor Subsidiaries.
TreeHouse Foods, Inc. and Guarantor Subsidiaries
Summarized Statement of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2022
(In millions)
Net sales $ 3,398.8
Gross profit (1) 492.8
Net income from continuing operations 40.4
Net loss from discontinued operations (136.3)
Net loss (95.9)
TreeHouse Foods, Inc. and Guarantor Subsidiaries
Summarized Balance Sheet December 31, 2022
(In millions)
Current assets $ 725.0
Noncurrent assets 3,215.3
Current liabilities 742.3
Noncurrent liabilities (2) 1,665.2
(1)During the year ended December 31, 2022, TreeHouse Foods, Inc. and Guarantor Subsidiaries recorded $82.3 million of net sales to the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and $271.8 million of purchases from the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.
(2)Includes an amount due from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries of $13.2 million as of December 31, 2022.
Cash Requirements
Our cash requirements within the next twelve months include working capital requirements, interest payments, and capital expenditures. We believe our current cash balances, strong cash flows, and our available sources of liquidity and capital, including a $500.0 million Revolving Credit Facility, as well as possible future sources of liquidity and capital will be sufficient to meet these twelve month and long-term cash requirements and capital expenditures.
Our cash requirements under our various contractual obligations and commitments include:
•Debt obligations and interest payments - See Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our debt obligations and the timing of future principal. Estimated future interest payments on the Company’s debt are expected to be $337.3 million (with $76.3 million expected in 2023) based on the interest rates at December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements to lock into a fixed LIBOR interest rate base. See Note 21 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our interest rate swap agreements and the future obligations.
•Operating and finance lease obligations - See Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our operating and finance lease obligations and the amount and timing of future payments.
•Purchase obligations - Purchase obligations primarily represent commitments to purchase minimum quantities of raw materials used in our production processes. We enter into these contracts from time to time in an effort to ensure a sufficient supply of raw ingredients. In addition, we have contractual obligations to purchase various services that are a part of our production process. Minimum amounts committed to as of December 31, 2022 were $609.6 million (with $576.5 million due in 2023).
•Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations - Future payments related to pension and postretirement benefits are estimated by an actuarial valuation. See Note 18 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our pension and postretirement benefit obligations and the amount and timing of future payments.
•Exit or disposal cost obligations - See Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our exit or disposal cost obligations and the amount and timing of future payments. Our exit or disposal cost obligations primarily consist of severance and retention obligations.
•Deferred compensation - Deferred compensation is a plan established for the exclusive benefit of a select group of management and highly compensated employees of the Company and its affiliates to provide an additional means by which such employees may defer funds for their retirement. Deferred compensation obligations have been allocated to payment periods based on existing payment plans for terminated employees and the estimated timing of distributions to current employees based on age. Estimated future deferred compensation payments as of December 31, 2022 were $6.3 million (with $1.1 million due in 2023).
•Unrecognized tax benefits - See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our unrecognized tax benefits and the amount and timing of future payments.
•Other liabilities - Other liabilities include obligations associated with certain employee benefit programs, employee health care, workers' compensation claims, other casualty losses, in addition to contingent liabilities related to the ordinary course of litigation and investigation, and various other long-term liabilities, all of which have some inherent uncertainty as to the amount and timing of payments and were reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022. See Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about the Company’s commitments and contingent obligations.
Capital Expenditures
We continue to make investments in property, plant, and equipment and software for our business offices, manufacturing, and distribution facilities. Our preliminary estimate of capital expenditures for 2023 is approximately $130 million. Our planned increase in capital spending over the prior year is in accordance with our growth strategy as we reinvest in our business. Additionally, subsequent to December 31, 2022, the Company exercised a purchase option on the lease of its Cambridge, Maryland facility for $8.1 million. The Cambridge facility purchase was also included in the estimate of capital expenditures for 2023. Our capital expenditures were $94.8 million, $86.1 million, and $84.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Our capital plan includes investment in climate-related projects in order to achieve our broader environmental goals. These climate-related projects are for investments in energy and water efficiency as well as waste reduction initiatives. Our investments, which have not historically been material, are expected to be approximately $10 million in 2023.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Critical accounting estimates are defined as those most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results, and require the most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP with no need for the application of our judgment. In certain circumstances, however, the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to use our judgment to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. We have identified the estimates described below as our critical accounting estimates. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of significant accounting policies.
Trade Allowances - We maintain an allowance for customer promotional programs, marketing co-op programs, and other sales and marketing expenses. These customer promotional programs are generally more significant for branded products compared to the majority of our private label products. This allowance is based on a combination of historical average program activity and specific customer program accruals, and can fluctuate due to the level of sales and marketing programs, and timing of deductions. The recognition of these costs therefore requires management judgment regarding the volume of promotional offers that will be redeemed by the customer. These estimates are made using various techniques including historical data on performance of similar promotional programs. Differences between estimated expense and actual redemptions are immaterial and recognized as a change in management estimate in a subsequent period. This allowance was $19.5 million and $21.8 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets - We evaluate property, plant, and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and finite lived intangible assets for impairment when circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable (a "triggering event"). Indicators of impairment include deteriorations in operating cash flows, the anticipated sale or disposal of an asset group, and other significant changes in business conditions. Undiscounted cash flow analyses are used to determine if impairment exists. We utilize current cash flow information and expected growth rates related to the asset group from our internal projections and operating plans. If the carrying values of asset groups are determined not to be recoverable, the impairment loss is calculated based on estimated fair value. Impairment charges are measured by comparing the carrying values of the asset groups to their estimated fair values. The fair value of these assets are based on expected future discounted cash flows using Level 3 inputs. Long-lived assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less the cost to sell.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, as a result of rising input costs coupled with lower than expected new business wins, we revised our forecast expectations for the Bars asset group and performed a recoverability assessment. Our assessment indicated that the Bars asset group was not recoverable, and we were required to determine the fair value of the business. Our fair value assessment indicated that the carrying value was in excess of the fair value, and an impairment of $9.2 million of property, plant, and equipment was recognized in our Bars asset group. The impairment charge is included in Asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Expected Loss on Disposal of a Business - On August 10, 2022, the Company announced that it had entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with two entities affiliated with Investindustrial. On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business (the "Business") for a closing purchase price of $963.8 million, subject to customary purchase price post-closing adjustments. The closing purchase price consisted of approximately $537.9 million in cash and approximately $425.9 million in a five-year secured seller promissory note.
The transaction resulted in an expected loss on disposal of $128.5 million, which is included within the Net (loss) income from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The expected loss on disposal was calculated as the difference between the fair value of the disposal group and the carrying value of the associated assets, including the related goodwill. The fair value was determined based on the consideration transferred less costs to sell.
Prior to the sale of the RTE Cereal business on June 1, 2021, there were expected disposal loss adjustments of $0.3 million and $51.2 million recognized as asset impairment charges during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, within Net (loss) income from discontinued operations as the business was held for sale. At the date of the sale, a pre-tax gain of $18.4 million was recognized as a result of the sale proceeds received being at the high end of the range of management's previous estimate of the disposal group's fair value. Refer to Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Goodwill and Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets - Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets totaled $1,823.6 million and $1,827.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, resulting primarily from acquisitions. Upon acquisition, the purchase price is first allocated to identifiable assets and liabilities, including but not limited to inventory, accounts payable, trademarks, and customer-related intangible assets, with any remaining purchase price recorded as goodwill. Goodwill and indefinite lived trademarks are not amortized.
The Company has one reporting unit within its single reportable and operating segment. The Company completed its annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment analysis as of December 31, 2022. Our assessment did not result in an impairment. Our analysis employed the use of an income approach, corroborated by the market approach. The Company believes the income approach is the most reliable indicator of the fair value of the reporting unit. Significant assumptions used in the income approach include growth and discount rates, margins, and the Company’s weighted average cost of capital. We used historical performance and management estimates of future performance to determine margins and growth rates. The income approach utilizes projected cash flow estimates developed by the Company to determine fair value, which are unobservable, Level 3 inputs. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available. The Company developed our estimates using the best information available at the time. Discount rates selected for each reporting unit approximated the total Company discount rate. Our weighted average cost of capital included a review and assessment of market and capital structure assumptions. The Company's single reporting unit has a fair value that the Company considers to be substantially in excess of its carrying values. Therefore, we believe that only significant changes in the assumptions would result in an impairment of goodwill. Considerable management judgment is necessary to evaluate the impact of operating changes and to estimate future cash flows. Assumptions used, such as forecasted growth rates and our cost of capital, are consistent with our internal projections and operating plans. Changes in our estimates or any of our other assumptions used in our analysis could result in a different conclusion.
We reviewed our indefinite lived intangible assets, which consist of trademarks totaling $6.0 million as of December 31, 2022, using the relief from royalty method. Significant assumptions include the royalty rates, growth, margins, and discount rates. Our assumptions were based on historical performance and management estimates of future performance, as well as available data on licenses of similar products. The Company’s policy is that indefinite lived assets must have a history of strong sales and cash flow performance that we expect to continue for the foreseeable future. When these criteria are no longer met, the Company changes the classification. Considerable management judgment is necessary to evaluate the impact of operating changes and to estimate future cash flows. Changes in our estimates or any of our other assumptions used in our analysis could result in a different conclusion. Our testing of our trademarks indicated that the implied fair value was significantly in excess of the carrying values. The fair values of our trademarks exceed book value by a minimum of 116% as of December 31, 2022. Therefore, we believe that only significant changes in the assumptions would result in an impairment of any trademark.
Income Taxes - Deferred taxes are recognized for future tax effects of temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. We periodically estimate our probable tax obligations using historical experience in tax jurisdictions and informed judgments. There are inherent uncertainties related to the interpretations of tax regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. These judgments and estimates made at a point in time may change based on the outcome of tax audits and changes to, or further interpretations of, regulations. If such changes take place, there is a risk that our tax rate may increase or decrease in any period, which would impact our earnings. Future business results may affect deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of deferred tax assets over time.
Employee Benefit Plan Costs - We provide a range of benefits to our employees, including pension and postretirement benefits to our eligible employees and retirees. We record annual amounts relating to these plans based on calculations specified by GAAP, which include various actuarial assumptions, such as discount rates, assumed investment rates of return, compensation increases, employee turnover rates, and health care cost trend rates. We review our actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when appropriate. As required by GAAP, the effect of such modifications is generally deferred and subsequently amortized over future periods. Different assumptions that we make could result in the recognition of different amounts of expense over different periods.
While a number of the key assumptions related to our qualified pension plans are long-term in nature, including assumed investment rates of return, compensation increases, employee turnover rates, and mortality rates, GAAP requires that our discount rate assumption be more heavily weighted to current market conditions. As such, our discount rates will likely change frequently. We used a discount rate for each plan to determine our estimated future benefit obligations, and our weighted average discount rate was 5.16% at December 31, 2022. If the discount rate of each plan were one percent higher, the pension plan liability would have been approximately 8.5%, or $21.4 million, lower as of December 31, 2022. If the discount rate of each plan were one percent lower, the pension plan liability would have been approximately 10.0%, or $25.2 million, higher as of December 31, 2022. The projected benefit obligation was $254.8 million and $330.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for our pension benefit plans. The projected benefit obligation was $17.8 million and $23.3 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for our postretirement benefit plans.
See Note 18 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding our employee pension and retirement benefit plans.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is provided in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Non-GAAP Measures
We have included in this report measures of financial performance that are not defined by GAAP ("Non-GAAP”). A Non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of financial performance that excludes or includes amounts so as to be different than the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. We believe these measures provide useful information to the users of the financial statements as we also have included these measures in other communications and publications.
For each of these Non-GAAP financial measures, we provide a reconciliation between the Non-GAAP measure and the most directly comparable GAAP measure, an explanation of why management believes the Non-GAAP measure provides useful information to financial statement users, and any additional purposes for which management uses the Non-GAAP measure. This Non-GAAP financial information is provided as additional information for the financial statement users and is not in accordance with, or an alternative to, GAAP. These Non-GAAP measures may be different from similar measures used by other companies.
Organic Net Sales
Organic net sales is defined as net sales excluding the impacts of acquisitions, divestitures, and foreign currency. This information is provided in order to allow investors to make meaningful comparisons of the Company's sales between periods and to view the Company's business from the same perspective as Company management.
Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share From Continuing Operations, Adjusting for Certain Items Affecting Comparability
Adjusted earnings per diluted share from continuing operations ("adjusted diluted EPS") reflects adjustments to GAAP loss per diluted share from continuing operations to identify items that, in management’s judgment, significantly affect the assessment of earnings results between periods. This information is provided in order to allow investors to make meaningful comparisons of the Company’s earnings performance between periods and to view the Company’s business from the same perspective as Company management. As the Company cannot predict the timing and amount of charges that include, but are not limited to, items such as divestiture, acquisition, integration, and related costs, mark-to-market adjustments on derivative contracts, foreign currency exchange impact on the re-measurement of intercompany notes, growth, reinvestment, and restructuring programs, impairment of assets, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and other items that may arise from time to time that would impact comparability, management does not consider these costs when evaluating the Company’s performance, when making decisions regarding the allocation of resources, in determining incentive compensation, or in determining earnings estimates.
The reconciliation of adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations, excluding certain items affecting comparability, to the relevant GAAP measure of diluted EPS from continuing operations as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(unaudited)
Diluted loss per share from continuing operations (GAAP) $ (0.29) $ (1.45) $ (0.97)
Growth, reinvestment, restructuring programs & other (1) 1.51 1.50 1.25
Central services and conveyed employee costs (2) 1.15 1.45 1.52
Divestiture, acquisition, integration, and related costs (3) 0.24 0.07 0.04
Loss on extinguishment of debt (4) 0.08 0.26 0.02
Shareholder activism (5) 0.05 0.08 -
Foreign currency loss (gain) on remeasurement of intercompany notes (6) 0.01 (0.01) -
Litigation matter (7) 0.01 - 0.16
Mark-to-market adjustments (8) (1.33) (0.66) 0.53
Tax indemnification (9) - 0.03 0.07
COVID-19 (10) - 0.26 0.29
Impairment (11) - 0.16 -
Change in regulatory requirements (12) - - 0.02
Executive management transition (13) - - 0.01
Taxes on adjusting items (0.26) (0.75) (1.12)
Adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations (Non-GAAP) $ 1.17 $ 0.94 $ 1.82
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company entered into transactions that affected the year-over-year comparison of its financial results from continuing operations as follows:
(1) The Company’s growth, reinvestment, and restructuring activities are part of an enterprise-wide transformation to improve long-term growth and profitability for the Company. During 2022, the Company incurred approximately $85.1 million in growth, reinvestment, and restructuring program costs versus $84.2 million in 2021 and $71.0 million in 2020. Additionally, during 2020, the Company recognized other items affecting comparability including recovery of insurance proceeds related to a prior period product recall of $(0.4) million.
Refer to Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(2) As a result of the sale of a significant portion of the Meal Preparation business, the Company identified two items affecting comparability - 1) central service costs and 2) conveyed employee costs.
1) The Company has historically provided central services to the Meal Preparation business including, but not limited to, IT and financial shared services, procurement and order processing, customer service, warehousing, logistics, and customs. These costs were historically incurred by TreeHouse prior to the completion of the sale in the fourth quarter of 2022 and include employee and non-employee expenses to support the services. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, central service costs were approximately $40.2 million, $53.7 million, and $53.6 million, respectively.
2) Conveyed employee costs represent compensation costs for employees that were not historically dedicated to the sold business and transferred to the buyer after the sale in the fourth quarter of 2022. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, conveyed employee costs were approximately $24.8 million, $27.9 million, and $32.4 million, respectively.
(3) Divestiture, acquisition, integration, and related costs represents costs associated with completed and potential divestitures, completed and potential acquisitions, the related integration of the acquisitions, and gains or losses on the divestiture of a business. During the year ended December 31, 2022, divestiture related activities included consulting and legal fees as well as additional information technology ("IT") costs associated with the set-up of the Transition Services Agreement ("TSA"). The Company recognized deferred income of $9.0 million related to the TSA Credit taken to cover the initial TSA set-up, which included IT migration costs, during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Refer to Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(4) During 2022, the Company incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $4.5 million representing the write-off of deferred financing costs in connection with the debt prepayment and revolving credit commitment reduction in October 2022. During 2021, the Company incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $14.4 million, which included a premium of $9.0 million and a write off of deferred financing costs of $5.4 million in connection with the 2024 Notes Redemption and Credit Agreement refinancing. During 2020, the Company incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $1.2 million representing the write-off of deferred financing costs in connection with the redemption of its 2022 Notes.
Refer to Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(5) The Company incurred fees related to shareholder activism which include directly applicable third-party advisory and professional service fees.
(6) The Company has foreign currency denominated intercompany loans and incurred a foreign currency loss (gain) to re-measure the loans at the respective period ends. These charges are non-cash and the loans are eliminated in consolidation.
(7) During 2020, the Company recognized a $9.0 million accrual related to a litigation matter challenging wage and hour practices at three former manufacturing facilities in California, and during 2022, the Company recognized $0.4 million incremental expense for the settlement payment of the $9.0 million accrual.
(8) The Company's derivative contracts are marked-to-market each period. The non-cash unrealized changes in fair value recognized in Other (income) expense, net within the Consolidated Statements of Operations are treated as Non-GAAP adjustments. As the contracts are settled, realized gains and losses are recognized, and only the mark-to-market impacts are treated as Non-GAAP adjustments.
Refer to Note 21 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(9) Tax indemnification represents the non-cash write off of indemnification assets that were recorded in connection with acquisitions from prior years. These write-offs arose as a result of the related uncertain tax position being released due to the statute of limitation lapse or settlement with taxing authorities.
(10) During 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred incremental expenses directly attributable to our response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which included supplemental pay to our front-line personnel, additional protective equipment for employees, and additional sanitation measures. These costs were approximately $12.6 million and $46.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, the Company recorded income tax expense due to the enactment of the CARES Act of approximately $1.9 million and an income tax benefit with interest income of approximately $(30.5) million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(11) During 2021, the Company incurred $9.2 million of non-cash impairment charges related property, plant, and equipment impairment losses in the Bars asset group.
Refer to Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(12) The Company incurred regulatory compliance costs related to changes in nutrition labeling requirements. These costs included both consulting services and inventory write-downs.
(13) Executive management transition includes costs associated with the 2019 CFO transition. The CFO transition costs primarily relate to severance and consulting fees.
The tax impact on adjusting items is calculated based upon the tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable in the tax jurisdiction of the underlying Non-GAAP adjustments.
Adjusted Net Income from Continuing Operations, Adjusted EBIT from Continuing Operations, Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations, Adjusted EBITDAS from Continuing Operations, Adjusted Net Income Margin from Continuing Operations, Adjusted EBIT Margin from Continuing Operations, Adjusted EBITDA Margin from Continuing Operations, and Adjusted EBITDAS Margin from Continuing Operations, Adjusting for Certain Items Affecting Comparability
Adjusted net income from continuing operations represents GAAP net loss from continuing operations as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations adjusted for items that, in management’s judgment, significantly affect the assessment of earnings results between periods as outlined in the adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations section above. This information is provided in order to allow investors to make meaningful comparisons of the Company’s earnings performance between periods and to view the Company’s business from the same perspective as Company management. This measure is also used as a component of the Board of Directors' measurement of the Company’s performance for incentive compensation purposes and is the basis of calculating the adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations metric outlined above.
Adjusted EBIT from continuing operations represents adjusted net income from continuing operations before interest expense, interest income, and income tax expense. Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations represents adjusted net income from continuing operations before interest expense, interest income, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDAS from continuing operations represents adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations before non-cash stock-based compensation expense. Adjusted EBIT from continuing operations, adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations, and adjusted EBITDAS from continuing operations are performance measures commonly used by management to assess operating performance and incentive compensation, and the Company believes they are commonly reported and widely used by investors and other interested parties as a measure of a company’s operating performance between periods and as a component of our debt covenant calculations.
Adjusted net income margin from continuing operations, adjusted EBIT margin from continuing operations, adjusted EBITDA margin from continuing operations, and adjusted EBITDAS margin from continuing operations are calculated as the respective metric defined above as a percentage of net sales as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations adjusted for items that, in management’s judgment, significantly affect the assessment of earnings results between periods as outlined in the adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations section above.
The following table reconciles the Company’s net loss from continuing operations as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, the relevant GAAP measure, to Adjusted net income from continuing operations, Adjusted EBIT from continuing operations, Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations, and Adjusted EBITDAS from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(unaudited in millions)
Net loss from continuing operations (GAAP) $ (16.1) $ (80.9) $ (54.8)
Growth, reinvestment, restructuring programs & other (1) 85.1 84.2 70.6
Central services and conveyed employee costs (2) 65.0 81.6 86.0
Divestiture, acquisition, integration, and related costs (3) 13.8 4.0 2.0
Loss on extinguishment of debt (4) 4.5 14.4 1.2
Shareholder activism (5) 2.7 4.6 -
Foreign currency loss (gain) on remeasurement of intercompany notes (6) 0.8 (0.5) (0.2)
Litigation matter (7) 0.4 - 9.0
Mark-to-market adjustments (8) (75.1) (37.3) 30.0
Tax indemnification (9) - 1.6 3.7
COVID-19 (10) - 14.5 16.3
Impairment (11) - 9.2 -
Change in regulatory requirements (12) - (0.1) 1.0
Executive management transition (13) - - 0.4
Less: Taxes on adjusting items (15.0) (42.2) (62.2)
Adjusted net income from continuing operations (Non-GAAP) 66.1 53.1 103.0
Interest expense 69.9 72.1 92.6
Interest income (excluding COVID-19 interest income adjustments) (15.5) (4.7) (4.1)
Income taxes (excluding COVID-19 income tax adjustments) 8.3 (23.2) (31.3)
Add: Taxes on adjusting items 15.0 42.2 62.2
Adjusted EBIT from continuing operations (Non-GAAP) 143.8 139.5 222.4
Depreciation and amortization (14) 143.2 148.8 148.1
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations (Non-GAAP) 287.0 288.3 370.5
Stock-based compensation expense (15) 13.3 11.7 22.4
Adjusted EBITDAS from continuing operations (Non-GAAP) $ 300.3 $ 300.0 $ 392.9
Net loss margin from continuing operations (0.5) % (2.7) % (1.8) %
Adjusted net income margin from continuing operations 1.9 % 1.8 % 3.4 %
Adjusted EBIT margin from continuing operations 4.2 % 4.7 % 7.4 %
Adjusted EBITDA margin from continuing operations 8.3 % 9.8 % 12.4 %
Adjusted EBITDAS margin from continuing operations 8.7 % 10.2 % 13.1 %
Location in Consolidated Statements of Operations Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(unaudited in millions)
(1) Growth, reinvestment, restructuring programs & other Other operating expense, net $ 84.6 $ 84.2 $ 68.9
Cost of sales 0.5 - 0.8
General and administrative - - 0.9
(2) Central services and conveyed employee costs General and administrative 50.1 63.5 66.5
Cost of sales 14.9 18.1 19.5
(3) Divestiture, acquisition, integration, and related costs Cost of sales 1.6 0.5 0.1
General and administrative 19.1 3.4 1.5
Other operating expense, net (6.9) 0.1 0.4
(4) Loss on extinguishment of debt Loss on extinguishment of debt 4.5 14.4 1.2
(5) Shareholder activism General and administrative 2.7 4.6 -
(6) Foreign currency loss (gain) on remeasurement of intercompany notes Loss (gain) on foreign currency exchange 0.8 (0.5) (0.2)
(7) Litigation matter General and administrative 0.4 - 9.0
(8) Mark-to-market adjustments Other (income) expense, net (75.1) (37.3) 30.0
(9) Tax indemnification Other (income) expense, net - 1.6 3.7
(10) COVID-19 Net sales - - 1.0
Cost of sales - 12.6 42.4
Selling and distribution - - 1.6
General and administrative - - 1.8
Interest income - - (0.7)
Income tax benefit - 1.9 (29.8)
(11) Impairment Asset impairment - 9.2 -
(12) Change in regulatory requirements Cost of sales - (0.1) (0.1)
Selling and distribution - - 1.0
General and administrative - - 0.1
(13) Executive management transition General and administrative - - 0.4
(14) Depreciation included as an adjusting item Cost of sales 0.6 - 0.2
(15) Stock-based compensation expense included as an adjusting item Other operating expense, net 6.6 2.5 2.0
Free Cash Flow From Continuing Operations
In addition to measuring our cash flow generation and usage based upon the operating, investing, and financing classifications included in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, we also measure free cash flow from continuing operations (a Non-GAAP measure) which represents net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations less capital expenditures. We believe free cash flow is an important measure of operating performance because it provides management and investors a measure of cash generated from operations that is available for mandatory payment obligations and investment opportunities such as funding acquisitions, repaying debt, repurchasing public debt, and repurchasing our common stock.
The following table reconciles cash flow (used in) provided by operating activities from continuing operations (a GAAP measure) to our free cash flow from continuing operations (a Non-GAAP measure):
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Cash flow (used in) provided by operating activities from continuing operations $ (81.6) $ 140.5 $ 212.3
Less: Capital expenditures (94.8) (86.1) (84.2)
Free cash flow from continuing operations $ (176.4) $ 54.4 $ 128.1

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the amount of interest expense we expect to pay with respect to our Credit Agreement, which is tied to variable market rates including LIBOR and prime interest rates.
The Company has entered into $875.0 million of long-term interest rate swap agreements to lock into a fixed LIBOR interest rate base. Under the terms of the agreements, the weighted average fixed interest rate base is approximately 2.91%. The interest rate swaps mature on February 28, 2025. Based on the weighted average rates, when using the one month LIBOR rate as of December 31, 2022 and potential changes to credit spreads due to changes in our covenant leverage ratio, the borrowing cost on the principal and revolver with the interest rate swaps would range from 4.32% to 4.82% during the life of the swap agreements.
Our variable-rate debt is nearly fully hedged by our fixed rate interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2022. Based on our outstanding variable-rate debt balance of $905.0 million under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2022, and by including the impact of the $875.0 million in interest rate swap agreements, each 1% rise in interest rates would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $0.3 million ($9.1 million excluding the $875.0 million in interest rate swap agreements).
Commodity Price Risk
Certain commodities we use in the production and distribution of our products are exposed to market price risk. To manage that risk, we utilize derivative contracts, the majority of which qualify for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception and are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. There can be no assurance that our forward purchasing programs will result in the optimal price. To evaluate the market price risk of these contracts, we prepare a sensitivity analysis to quantify the Company’s potential exposure to commodity price risk with respect to our derivative portfolio. Based on our analysis, a 10% change in commodity prices would impact the fair value of the portfolio by $37.2 million. We do not utilize financial instruments for trading purposes.
During 2022 and 2021, the overall global economy has experienced significant inflation in the costs of raw materials, packaging materials, fuel, and energy, and future changes in such costs may cause our results of operations and our operating margins to fluctuate significantly. When comparing fiscal year 2022 to 2021, nearly all raw material input costs had price increases, primarily including, but not limited to, edible oils (soybean, coconut, and palm), wheat, coffee, corn, casein, oats, cucumbers, eggs, and peanut butter. Additionally, all other input costs had price increases when comparing 2022 to 2021, primarily including, but not limited to, diesel, resin, linerboard, and natural gas. We expect the volatile nature of these costs to continue.
Our raw materials consist of ingredients and packaging materials. Principal ingredients used in our operations include casein, cheese, cocoa, coconut oil, coffee, corn and corn syrup, cucumbers, eggs, fruit, non-fat dry milk, oats, palm oil, peppers, soybean oil, sugar, tea, and wheat. The cost of raw materials used in our products fluctuate due to weather conditions, climate change, regulations, fuel prices, energy costs, labor shortages, labor disputes, freight transportation delays or availability, disruption in logistics, political unrest, industry, general U.S. and global economic conditions, or other unforeseen circumstances. The most important packaging materials and supplies used in our operations are cartons, composite cans, corrugated containers, glass, metal cans, metal closures, and plastics. Ingredients and most packaging materials are generally purchased under long-term supply contracts. We believe these ingredients and packaging materials are generally available from a number of suppliers, although supply chain disruption in 2021 and 2022 has challenged and delayed timing of availability from our suppliers. Volatility in the cost of our raw materials and packaging supplies can adversely affect our performance, as price changes often lag behind changes in costs, and we are not always able to adjust our pricing to reflect changes in raw material and supply costs.
Competitive pressures also may limit our ability to quickly raise prices in response to increased raw materials, packaging, fuel, and energy costs. Accordingly, if we are unable to increase our prices to offset increasing costs, our operating profits and margins could be materially affected. In addition, in instances of declining input costs, customers may seek price reductions in situations where we are locked into pricing at higher costs.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk as a result of our Canadian subsidiaries, where the functional currency is the Canadian dollar. The Company periodically enters into foreign currency contracts to manage the risk associated with foreign currency cash flows. This includes, but is not limited to, using foreign currency contracts to establish a fixed foreign currency exchange rate for the net cash flow requirements for purchases of inventory, sales of finished goods, and future settlement of foreign-denominated assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no foreign currency contracts outstanding. At December 31, 2022, the impact of a 10% movement in foreign exchange rates would not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The Consolidated Financial Statements for 2022 are included in this report on the following pages:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of TreeHouse Foods, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TreeHouse Foods, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 13, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Accounting for discontinued operations and expected loss on disposal - Refer to Notes 1 and 7 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
On August 10, 2022, the Company announced that it had entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with two entities affiliated with Investindustrial. On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business (the "Business") for a closing purchase price of $963.8 million, subject to customary purchase price post-closing adjustments. The closing purchase price consisted of approximately $537.9 million in cash and approximately $425.9 million in a five-year secured seller promissory note.
The transaction resulted in an expected loss on disposal of $128.5 million, which is included within the Net (loss) income from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The expected loss on disposal was calculated as the difference between the fair value of the disposal group and the carrying value of the associated assets, including the related goodwill. The fair value was determined based on the consideration transferred less costs to sell.
We identified the Company's judgments related to the determination of the expected loss on disposal as a critical audit matter because of the subjectivity and complexity related to the estimated consideration transferred, which impacts the fair value of the disposal group, and the allocation of goodwill and intangible asset balances to the carrying value of the disposal group. This involved a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the expected loss on disposal, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the expected loss on disposal included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of the controls over management’s review of the expected loss on disposal calculation.
•We read the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement and other contemporaneous agreements to test the completeness and accuracy of the carrying value and consideration transferred included in the calculation.
•We tested the fair value of the consideration transferred, which included using the assistance of our fair value specialists as it relates to the fair value of the secured seller promissory note.
•We tested management’s goodwill allocation to the carrying value by evaluating the methodology used to determine the relative fair value and testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.
•We tested management’s intangible assets allocation to the carrying value, including the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Chicago, IL
February 13, 2023
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2005.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except per share data)
December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 43.0 $ 304.5
Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.4 in 2022 and $0.5 in 2021
158.8 151.3
Inventories 589.5 461.6
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 23.2 57.0
Assets of discontinued operations - 1,208.1
Total current assets 814.5 2,182.5
Property, plant, and equipment, net 666.5 700.1
Operating lease right-of-use assets 184.4 138.1
Goodwill 1,817.6 1,821.9
Intangible assets, net 296.0 336.6
Note receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.0 in 2022
427.0 -
Other assets, net 47.9 28.6
Total assets $ 4,253.9 $ 5,207.8
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 618.7 $ 625.9
Accrued expenses 208.5 233.9
Current portion of long-term debt 0.6 15.4
Liabilities of discontinued operations - 282.5
Total current liabilities 827.8 1,157.7
Long-term debt 1,394.0 1,890.0
Operating lease liabilities 159.1 119.0
Deferred income taxes 108.7 105.1
Other long-term liabilities 77.3 90.6
Total liabilities 2,566.9 3,362.4
Commitments and contingencies (Note 20)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 10.0 shares authorized, none issued
- -
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 90.0 shares authorized, 56.1 and 55.8 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
0.6 0.6
Treasury stock (133.3) (133.3)
Additional paid-in capital 2,205.4 2,187.4
Accumulated deficit (302.0) (155.7)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (83.7) (53.6)
Total stockholders’ equity 1,687.0 1,845.4
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 4,253.9 $ 5,207.8
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Net sales $ 3,454.0 $ 2,945.9 $ 2,994.3
Cost of sales 2,939.1 2,479.2 2,449.6
Gross profit 514.9 466.7 544.7
Operating expenses:
Selling and distribution 219.0 200.4 196.6
General and administrative 206.6 185.3 225.9
Amortization expense 47.9 47.3 50.4
Asset impairment - 9.2 -
Other operating expense, net 62.9 84.7 69.1
Total operating expenses 536.4 526.9 542.0
Operating (loss) income (21.5) (60.2) 2.7
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense 69.9 72.1 92.6
Interest income (15.5) (4.7) (4.8)
Loss on extinguishment of debt 4.5 14.4 1.2
Loss (gain) on foreign currency exchange 1.7 (0.4) (0.6)
Other (income) expense, net (74.3) (39.4) 30.2
Total other (income) expense (13.7) 42.0 118.6
Loss before income taxes (7.8) (102.2) (115.9)
Income tax expense (benefit) 8.3 (21.3) (61.1)
Net loss from continuing operations (16.1) (80.9) (54.8)
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations (130.2) 68.4 68.6
Net (loss) income $ (146.3) $ (12.5) $ 13.8
Earnings (loss) per common share - basic:
Continuing operations $ (0.29) $ (1.45) $ (0.97)
Discontinued operations (2.33) 1.22 1.21
Net earnings (loss) per share basic (1)
$ (2.61) $ (0.22) $ 0.24
Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted:
Continuing operations $ (0.29) $ (1.45) $ (0.97)
Discontinued operations (2.33) 1.22 1.21
Net earnings (loss) per share diluted (1)
$ (2.61) $ (0.22) $ 0.24
Weighted average common shares:
Basic 56.0 55.9 56.5
Diluted 56.0 55.9 56.5
(1) The sum of the individual per share amounts may not add due to rounding.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Net (loss) income $ (146.3) $ (12.5) $ 13.8
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (16.1) (3.6) 12.1
Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments (14.0) 14.0 7.9
Other comprehensive (loss) income (30.1) 10.4 20.0
Comprehensive (loss) income $ (176.4) $ (2.1) $ 33.8
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In millions)
Accumulated
Additional Other
Common Stock Treasury Stock Paid-In Accumulated Comprehensive
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Loss Equity
Balance, January 1, 2020 58.0 $ 0.6 (1.8) $ (83.3) $ 2,154.6 $ (157.0) $ (84.0) $ 1,830.9
Net income - - - - - 13.8 - 13.8
Other comprehensive income - - - - - - 20.0 20.0
Treasury stock repurchases - - (0.6) (25.0) - - - (25.0)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of other stock awards 0.3 - - - (1.1) - - (1.1)
Stock-based compensation - - - - 26.4 - - 26.4
Balance, December 31, 2020 58.3 $ 0.6 (2.4) $ (108.3) $ 2,179.9 $ (143.2) $ (64.0) $ 1,865.0
Net loss - - - - - (12.5) - (12.5)
Other comprehensive income - - - - - - 10.4 10.4
Treasury stock repurchases - - (0.5) (25.0) - - - (25.0)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of other stock awards 0.4 - - - (8.2) - - (8.2)
Stock-based compensation - - - - 15.7 - - 15.7
Balance, December 31, 2021 58.7 $ 0.6 (2.9) $ (133.3) $ 2,187.4 $ (155.7) $ (53.6) $ 1,845.4
Net loss - - - - - (146.3) - (146.3)
Other comprehensive loss - - - - - - (30.1) (30.1)
Exercise of stock options and issuance of other stock awards 0.3 - - - (4.3) - - (4.3)
Stock-based compensation - - - - 22.3 - - 22.3
Balance, December 31, 2022 59.0 $ 0.6 (2.9) $ (133.3) $ 2,205.4 $ (302.0) $ (83.7) $ 1,687.0
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income $ (146.3) $ (12.5) $ 13.8
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations (130.2) 68.4 68.6
Net loss from continuing operations (16.1) (80.9) (54.8)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 143.8 148.9 148.4
Asset impairment - 9.2 -
Stock-based compensation 19.9 14.2 24.4
Loss on extinguishment of debt 4.5 14.4 1.2
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative contracts (75.1) (37.3) 30.0
Deferred income taxes 9.2 (12.4) 43.5
Deferred TSA income (22.7) - -
Other, net 6.4 2.3 6.1
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables (8.9) 61.3 (13.5)
Inventories (139.7) (58.0) (9.8)
Prepaid expenses and other assets 43.6 1.0 (34.6)
Accounts payable (14.8) 126.1 65.4
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (31.7) (48.3) 6.0
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities - continuing operations (81.6) 140.5 212.3
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities - discontinued operations (69.1) 184.4 204.4
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (150.7) 324.9 416.7
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property, plant, and equipment (87.1) (71.6) (71.5)
Additions to intangible assets (7.7) (14.5) (12.7)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets 4.8 0.4 5.1
Acquisition - - (17.5)
Proceeds from divestitures - - 26.9
Proceeds from sale of investments - 17.2 -
Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations (90.0) (68.5) (69.7)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities - discontinued operations 502.0 51.7 (262.7)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 412.0 (16.8) (332.4)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings under Revolving Credit Facility 855.9 194.4 100.0
Payments under Revolving Credit Facility (855.9) (194.4) (100.0)
Repurchases of Notes - (602.9) (375.9)
Payments on finance lease obligations (1.1) (1.6) (1.5)
Payment of deferred financing costs (2.7) (8.5) (8.3)
Payments on Term Loans (514.3) (1,136.7) (14.0)
Proceeds from refinanced Term Loans - 1,430.0 -
Proceeds from issuance of 2028 Notes - - 500.0
Payment of debt premium for extinguishment of debt - (9.0) -
Repurchases of common stock - (25.0) (25.0)
Receipts related to stock-based award activities 0.4 - 3.2
Payments related to stock-based award activities (4.7) (8.2) (4.2)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities - continuing operations (522.4) (361.9) 74.3
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities - discontinued operations (0.3) (0.4) (0.3)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (522.7) (362.3) 74.0
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (4.2) (1.8) 4.0
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (265.6) (56.0) 162.3
Add: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, beginning of period 4.1 11.8 9.2
Less: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, end of period - (4.1) (11.8)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 304.5 352.8 193.1
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 43.0 $ 304.5 $ 352.8
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paid $ 68.1 $ 65.0 $ 84.3
Net income taxes refunded (3.0) (14.3) (61.7)
Non-cash investing activities:
Accrued purchase of property and equipment $ 20.3 $ 37.3 $ 36.5
Accrued other intangible assets 1.1 2.3 3.8
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations 86.8 39.5 24.4
Note receivable issued in exchange for the sale of business net assets 425.9 - -
Paid in kind interest 1.1 - -
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation - The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of TreeHouse Foods, Inc. and its 100% owned direct and indirect subsidiaries (the "Company," "TreeHouse,” "we," "us," or "our"). All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Discontinued Operations - On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business, including pasta, pourable and spoonable dressing, preserves, red sauces, syrup, dry blends and baking, dry dinners, pie filling, pita chips and other sauces, for a closing purchase price of $963.8 million (the "Transaction" or the "Business"), subject to customary purchase price post-closing adjustments, pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022. This Transaction is in line with the Company’s strategy to build leadership and depth around a focused group of categories in its higher-growth businesses. Beginning in the third quarter of 2022, the Business met the criteria for discontinued operations presentation, and, as such, has been excluded from continuing operations for all periods presented. Refer to Note 7 for additional information.
Reclassification - Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Specifically, Interest income has been reclassified out of Other (income) expense, net within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Segment Information - As a result of entering into the sale agreement of a significant portion of the Company's Meal Preparation business, the Company changed the structure of its internal organization and reporting in the third quarter of 2022 and began operating as one segment. The Company manages operations on a company-wide basis, thereby making determinations as to the allocation of resources as one segment. We manufacture and distribute private label food and beverages in North America. Our products are primarily shelf stable and share similar customers and distribution. The Chief Executive Officer, who has been identified as our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") allocates resources and assesses performance based upon discrete financial information at the consolidated level. We have one segment manager who reports directly to the CODM with incentive compensation based on aggregated consolidated results of the Company. The annual operating plan is prepared and approved by the CODM based on consolidated results of the Company. We operate our business with a centralized financial systems infrastructure, and we share centralized resources for sales, procurement, and general and administrative activities. The majority of our manufacturing plants each produce one food or beverage category. Refer to Note 22 for disaggregation of revenue for additional information of our principal products sold as well as additional geographic information and major customers.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to use judgment to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - We consider temporary cash investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, $1.1 million and $35.2 million, respectively, represents cash and cash equivalents held in foreign jurisdictions, in local currencies. The Company is exposed to potential risks associated with its cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions. Deposits with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided; however, these deposits typically are redeemable upon demand and, therefore, the Company believes the financial risks associated with these financial instruments are minimal.
Accounts Receivable - We provide credit terms to customers in-line with industry standards, perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, and maintain allowances for potential credit losses based on historical experience. Customer balances are written off after all collection efforts are exhausted. Estimated product returns, which have not been material, are deducted from sales at the time of shipment.
Note Receivable - The Note Receivable is classified as held for investment and measured at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses. The Company accrues interest income on its note receivable based on the contractual terms of the note which is payable quarterly.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We value inventories using standard costs which approximates costs determined on the first-in first-out basis. The costs of finished goods inventories include raw materials, labor, and overhead costs.
Leases - Right-of-use assets and their corresponding lease liabilities are measured and recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The Company does not record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet. Expense for these short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The majority of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate; therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments for those leases. The Company has elected the practical expedient to apply discount rates to its lease portfolio based on the portfolio approach. The Company grouped the leases into portfolios by remaining lease term.
The Company includes lease payments under options to extend or terminate the lease in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise such options. For operating leases, lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance leases are amortized over the shorter of their lease term or their estimated useful lives, and amortization expense is included in depreciation expense. Fixed lease costs represent the explicitly quantified lease payments prescribed by the lease agreement and are included in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate are included in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability based on the index or rate at lease commencement. Other variable lease payments such as those that depend on the usage or performance of an underlying asset are not included in the measurement of the right-of-use asset or lease liability. The Company has elected the practical expedient to combine lease and nonlease components into a single component for all of its leases.
Property, Plant, and Equipment - Property, plant, and equipment are stated at acquisition cost, plus capitalized interest on borrowings during the actual construction period of major capital projects. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Asset Useful Life
Buildings and improvements 12-40 years
Machinery and equipment 3-15 years
Office furniture and equipment 3-12 years
Building and leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the assets or the remaining useful life of the associated building or lease.
We perform impairment tests when circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Refer to Note 9 for additional information. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance, which do not improve or extend the life of the assets, are expensed as incurred.
Intangible and Other Assets - Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives as follows:
Asset Useful Life
Customer-related 5 to 20 years
Trademarks 10 to 20 years
Deferred financing costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements Based on the terms of the agreements
Formulas/recipes 5 to 7 years
Computer software 3 to 10 years
All amortization expense related to intangible assets is recorded in Amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Indefinite lived trademarks are evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Impairment is indicated when their book value exceeds fair value. If the fair value of an evaluated asset is less than its book value, the asset is written down to fair value, which is generally based on its discounted future cash flows.
Amortizable intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If an evaluation of the undiscounted cash flows indicates impairment, the asset group is impaired to its estimated fair value, which is generally based on discounted future cash flows, and the impairment is allocated to the individual assets within the asset group.
Goodwill is evaluated annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances require an interim assessment. We assess goodwill for impairment (as of December 31) at the reporting unit level using income and market approaches, employing significant assumptions regarding growth, discount rates, and profitability for our single reporting unit. Our estimates under the income approach are determined based on a discounted cash flow model. The market approach uses a market multiple methodology employing earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA") and applies a range of multiples to those amounts in determining the indicated fair value. In determining the multiples used in this approach, we obtain the multiples for selected peer companies using the most recent publicly available information. In determining the indicated fair value of our reporting unit, the Company concludes based on the income approach, and uses the market approach to corroborate, as the Company believes the income approach is the most reliable indicator of the fair value of its reporting unit. The resulting value is then compared to the carrying value for its reporting unit to determine if impairment is necessary.
Revenue Recognition - We manufacture and sell food and beverage products to retailers, foodservice distributors, co-manufacturers, and industrial and export channels. Revenue recognition is completed on a point in time basis when product control is transferred to the customer. In general, control transfers to the customer when the product is shipped or delivered to the customer based upon applicable shipping terms. For each contract, the Company considers the transfer of products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligation generally satisfied within one year. No payment terms beyond one year are granted at contract inception.
Most contracts also include some form of variable consideration. The most common forms of variable consideration include discounts, rebates, and sales returns and allowances. Variable consideration is treated as a reduction in revenue when product revenue is recognized. Depending on the specific type of variable consideration, we use either the expected value or most likely amount method to determine the variable consideration. The Company reviews and updates its estimates and related accruals of variable consideration each period based on the terms of the agreements, historical experience, and any recent changes in the market.
The Company does not have significant deferred revenue or unbilled receivable balances arising from transactions with customers. We do not capitalize contract inception costs, as contracts are one year or less. The Company does not incur significant fulfillment costs requiring capitalization. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight are included within Selling and distribution expenses and are accounted for as a fulfillment cost as incurred, including shipping and handling costs after control over a product has transferred to a customer. Shipping and handling costs recorded as a component of Selling and distribution expense were approximately $141.4 million, $122.7 million, and $111.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. In addition, any taxes collected on behalf of government authorities are excluded from net sales.
Cost of Sales - Cost of sales represents costs directly related to the manufacture and distribution of our products. Such costs include raw materials, packaging, direct and indirect labor, shipping and handling costs, and overhead which includes depreciation of manufacturing and distribution facilities. Shipping and handling costs included in cost of sales reflect inbound freight, inventory warehouse costs, product loading and handling costs, and costs associated with transporting finished products from our manufacturing facilities to distribution warehouses.
Stock-Based Compensation - We measure compensation expense for our equity awards at their grant date fair value. The resulting expense is recognized over the relevant service period.
Employment-Related Benefits - We provide a range of benefits to our employees, including pension and postretirement benefits to our eligible employees and retirees. We record annual amounts relating to these plans based on calculations specified by GAAP, which include various actuarial assumptions, such as discount rates, assumed investment rates of return, compensation increases, employee turnover rates, and health care cost trend rates. We make modifications to the actuarial assumptions based on plan changes, current rates, and trends when appropriate.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Workers' Compensation - The measurement of the liability for our cost of providing these benefits is largely based upon loss development factors that contemplate a number of variables, including claims history and expected trends. These loss development factors are based on industry factors and, along with the estimated liabilities, are developed by us in consultation with external insurance brokers and actuaries. Changes in loss development factors, claims history, and cost trends could result in substantially different results in the future.
Income Taxes - The provision for income taxes includes federal, foreign, state, and local income taxes currently payable, and those deferred because of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Deferred income tax expenses or credits are based on the changes in the asset or liability from period to period. We account for uncertain tax positions using a "more-likely-than-not" threshold. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position, or the statute of limitations concerning such issues lapses.
Derivative Instruments - The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by derivative instruments include interest rate risk, commodity price risk, and market risk associated with the unfunded portion of the Company's deferred compensation liability. Derivative contracts are entered into for periods consistent with the related underlying exposure and do not constitute positions independent of those exposures. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. All derivatives are recorded on a gross basis and carried at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. None of the Company's derivative instruments are accounted for under hedge accounting and the changes in their fair value are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions - The functional currency of the Company’s foreign operations is the applicable local currency. The functional currency is translated into U.S. dollars for balance sheet accounts using currency exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date, and for revenue and expense accounts using a weighted-average exchange rate during the fiscal year. The translation adjustments are deferred as a separate component of Stockholders’ equity in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Gains or losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies and intercompany debt that is not of a long-term investment nature are included in Loss (gain) on foreign currency exchange in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Gains or losses resulting from intercompany debt that is designated a long-term investment are recorded as a separate component of Stockholders' equity in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Restructuring Expenses - Restructuring charges principally consist of retention, severance, and other employee separation costs, contract termination costs, accelerated depreciation, professional fees, and certain long-lived asset impairments. The Company recognizes restructuring obligations and liabilities for exit and disposal activities at fair value in the period the liability is incurred. One-time employee termination benefits for employee severance costs are expensed evenly starting at the communication date over the period during which the employee is required to render service to receive the severance. Ongoing benefit arrangements for employee severance costs are expensed when they become probable and reasonably estimable. Depreciation expense related to assets that will be disposed of or idled as a part of the restructuring activity is accelerated through the expected date of the asset shut down. Restructuring charges are incurred as a component of Operating (loss) income.
Research and Development Costs - We record research and development charges to expense as they are incurred and report them in General and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Expenditures totaled $12.4 million, $13.6 million, and $12.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Advertising Costs - Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and reported in Selling and distribution expense of our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Expenditures totaled $1.2 million, $1.7 million, and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share from Continuing Operations - Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the number of weighted average common shares outstanding during the reporting period. The weighted average number of common shares used in the diluted earnings per share calculation is determined using the treasury stock method and includes the incremental effect related to the Company’s outstanding stock-based compensation awards.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
2. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Adopted
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Stands Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. ASU 2020-04 was further amended in January 2021 by ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope and in December 2022 by ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. This guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. These transactions include contract modifications, hedging relationships, and the sale or transfer of debt securities classified as held-to-maturity. This guidance is effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2024 and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2024. The Company has identified agreements that reference LIBOR, including interest rate swap agreements, accounts receivable sale agreements, and debt agreements. The new guidance has been or will be applied as these contracts are modified to reference other rates. The Company adopted this guidance during the second quarter of 2022 as a result of a modification to a receivable sale agreement. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.
3. GROWTH, REINVESTMENT, AND RESTRUCTURING PROGRAMS
The Company’s growth, reinvestment, and restructuring activities are part of an enterprise-wide transformation to build long-term sustainable growth and improve profitability for the Company. These activities are aggregated into the following categories: (1) Strategic Growth Initiatives (expected completion in 2023) - a growth and reinvestment strategy, (2) Structure to Win (completed in 2020) - an operating expense improvement program, (3) TreeHouse 2020 (completed in 2020) - a long-term growth and margin improvement strategy, and (4) other (collectively the "Growth, Reinvestment, and Restructuring Programs").
Below is a description of each of the Growth, Reinvestment, and Restructuring Programs:
(1) Strategic Growth Initiatives
In the first quarter of 2021, the Company began executing on its growth and reinvestment initiatives designed to invest in our commercial organization, adapt the supply chain to better support long-term growth opportunities, and further enable the Company to build greater depth in growth categories. These initiatives are intended to better position the Company to accelerate future revenue and earnings growth, and improve the execution of our strategy to be our customers' preferred manufacturing and distribution partner. This reinvestment will occur through 2023, and the cumulative costs incurred to date are $100.4 million. The Company currently expects the total costs will be up to $130.0 million, comprised of consulting and professional fees, employee-related costs, and investment in information technology. Consulting and professional fees are expected to include TreeHouse Management Operating System ("TMOS") initiatives at our manufacturing plants, building digital capabilities, and advancing automation and value engineering in our supply chain network. Employee-related costs primarily consist of severance, retention, and dedicated employee costs.
(2) Structure to Win
In the first quarter of 2018, the Company announced an operating expenses improvement restructuring program ("Structure to Win") designed to align our organizational structure with strategic priorities. The program was intended to drive operational effectiveness and cost reduction, develop a lean customer-centric go-to-market team, centralize our supply chain, and streamline administrative functions. This program was completed in 2020. Total costs within this program were $92.7 million, comprised primarily of consulting and professional fees, severance, dedicated employee costs, and Corporate office closing costs.
Under the Structure to Win program, the Company reduced its Corporate office space in Oak Brook, Illinois during the fourth quarter of 2020.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(3) TreeHouse 2020
In the third quarter of 2017, the Company announced TreeHouse 2020, a program intended to accelerate long-term growth through optimization of our manufacturing network, transformation of our mixing centers and warehouse footprint, and leveraging of systems and processes to drive performance. The Company’s workstreams related to these activities and selling, general, and administrative cost reductions were intended to increase our capacity utilization, expand operating margins, and streamline our plant structure to optimize our supply chain. This program was completed in 2020. Total costs within this program were $299.8 million, comprised primarily of consulting and professional fees, severance, dedicated employee costs, and accelerated depreciation for plant and other office closures.
(4) Other
Other costs include restructuring costs incurred for retention, severance, organization redesign, information technology system implementation, costs to exit facilities or production, and other administrative costs. Retention includes one-time cash recognition payments that were expensed ratably from the fourth quarter of 2021 to the first quarter of 2022 as well as additional cash bonuses and stock-based compensation to drive retention through 2023.
The costs by activity for the Growth, Reinvestment, and Restructuring Programs are outlined below:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Strategic Growth Initiatives $ 40.4 $ 55.8 $ -
Structure to Win - - 32.7
TreeHouse 2020 - - 38.3
Other 44.7 28.4 -
Total $ 85.1 $ 84.2 $ 71.0
As part of our growth, reinvestment, and restructuring programs, we generally incur expenses that qualify as exit and disposal costs under U.S. GAAP. These include severance and employee separation costs and other exit costs. Severance and employee separation costs primarily relate to cash severance, non-cash severance, including accelerated equity award compensation expense, pension, and other termination benefits. Other exit costs typically relate to lease and contract terminations. We also incur expenses that are an integral component of, and directly attributable to, our growth, reinvestment, and restructuring activities, which do not qualify as exit and disposal costs under U.S. GAAP. These include asset-related costs and other costs. Asset-related costs primarily relate to accelerated depreciation and certain long-lived asset impairments. Other costs primarily relate to start-up costs of new facilities, consulting and professional fees, information technology implementation, asset relocation costs, and costs to exit facilities.
Expenses associated with these programs are recorded in Cost of sales, General and administrative, and Other operating expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Below is a summary of costs by line item for the Growth, Reinvestment, and Restructuring Programs:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Cost of sales $ 0.5 $ - $ 0.9
General and administrative - - 1.2
Other operating expense, net 84.6 84.2 68.9
Total $ 85.1 $ 84.2 $ 71.0
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Below is a summary of costs by type associated with the Growth, Reinvestment, and Restructuring Programs:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Asset-related $ 0.6 $ - $ 0.2
Employee-related 37.0 28.0 13.5
Other costs 47.5 56.2 57.3
Total $ 85.1 $ 84.2 $ 71.0
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, asset-related costs primarily consisted of accelerated depreciation; employee-related costs primarily consisted of retention, severance, and dedicated project employee cost; and other costs primarily consisted of consulting services. Employee-related and other costs are primarily recognized in Other operating expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The table below presents the exit cost liability related to severance activity for the Growth, Reinvestment, and Restructuring Programs as of December 31, 2022. All amounts in the table below include continuing and discontinued operations:
Severance Retention Total Exit Cost Liabilities
(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 3.9 $ 9.7 $ 13.6
Expenses recognized 12.9 19.4 32.3
Cash payments (8.0) (24.9) (32.9)
Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ 8.8 $ 4.2 $ 13.0
The severance and retention liabilities are included in Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
4. LEASES
The Company has operating and finance leases for manufacturing facilities, warehouses and distribution centers, office space, and certain equipment. Remaining lease terms for these leases range from 1 year to 11 years. Some of the Company’s leases include options to extend the leases for up to 26 years, and some include options to terminate the leases within 1 year.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases are as follows:
December 31,
Balance Sheet Classification 2022 2021
(In millions)
Assets
Operating Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 184.4 $ 138.1
Finance Property, plant, and equipment, net 1.2 2.2
Total assets $ 185.6 $ 140.3
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Operating Accrued expenses $ 38.6 $ 33.1
Finance Current portion of long-term debt 0.6 1.0
Total current liabilities 39.2 34.1
Noncurrent liabilities
Operating Operating lease liabilities 159.1 119.0
Finance Long-term debt 0.6 1.2
Total noncurrent liabilities 159.7 120.2
Total lease liabilities $ 198.9 $ 154.3
The weighted-average discount rates for the Company's operating and finance leases are as follows:
December 31,
Weighted-average discount rate 2022 2021
Operating leases 4.4 % 4.1 %
Finance leases 2.7 % 2.8 %
The weighted-average remaining lease term of the Company's operating and finance leases are as follows:
December 31,
Weighted-average remaining lease term 2022 2021
Operating leases 5.9 years 6.4 years
Finance leases 2.3 years 2.6 years
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The components of lease expense are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Statement of Operations Classification 2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Operating lease cost Cost of sales and General and administrative $ 44.0 $ 37.8 $ 38.0
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets Cost of sales and General and administrative 1.0 1.4 1.3
Interest on lease liabilities Interest expense 0.1 0.1 0.1
Total finance lease cost 1.1 1.5 1.4
Variable lease cost (1) Cost of sales and General and administrative 15.9 15.6 16.4
Sublease income Cost of sales, General and administrative, and Other operating expense, net (4.1) (3.4) (4.1)
Net lease cost $ 56.9 $ 51.5 $ 51.7
(1) Includes short-term leases, which are immaterial.
As of December 31, 2022, future maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
Operating Leases (1) Finance Leases
(In millions)
2023 $ 45.5 $ 0.6
2024 40.1 0.4
2025 36.8 0.2
2026 36.1 -
2027 29.2 -
Thereafter 38.8 -
Total lease payments 226.5 1.2
Less: Interest (28.8) -
Present value of lease liabilities $ 197.7 $ 1.2
(1) Operating lease payments include $2.8 million related to options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised.
Other information related to leases were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 42.1 $ 37.2 $ 36.4
Operating cash flows from finance leases 0.1 0.1 0.1
Financing cash flows from finance leases 1.1 1.6 1.5
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
5. RECEIVABLES SALES PROGRAM
The Company has entered into agreements to sell certain trade accounts receivable to unrelated, third-party financial institutions at a discount (collectively, the "Receivables Sales Program"). The agreements can be terminated by either party with 60 days' notice. The Receivables Sales Program is used by the Company to manage liquidity in a cost-effective manner. The Company has no retained interest in the receivables sold under the Receivables Sales Program; however, under the agreements, the Company does have collection and administrative responsibilities for the sold receivables. Under the Receivables Sales Program, the maximum amount of outstanding accounts receivables sold at any time is $500.0 million.
The following table includes the outstanding amount of accounts receivable sold under the Receivables Sales Program and the receivables collected from customers and not remitted to the financial institutions. All amounts in the table below include continuing and discontinued operations:
December 31,
2022 2021
(In millions)
Outstanding accounts receivable sold $ 347.1 $ 357.3
Receivables collected and not remitted to financial institutions 204.5 205.0
Receivables sold under the Receivables Sales Program are derecognized from the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet at the time of the sale and the proceeds from such sales are reflected as a component of the change in receivables in the operating activities section of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The receivables collected and not remitted to financial institutions are included in Accounts payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table summarizes the cash flows of the Company's accounts receivables associated with the Receivables Sales Program. All amounts in the table below include continuing and discontinued operations:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Receivables sold $ 2,320.4 $ 1,846.9 $ 1,185.1
Receivables collected and remitted to financial institutions (2,330.6) (1,773.9) (1,143.8)
The loss on sale of receivables from continuing operations represents the discount taken by third-party financial institutions and was $6.5 million, $1.6 million, and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and is included in Other (income) expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has not recognized any servicing assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021, as the fair value of the servicing arrangement as well as the fees earned were not material to the financial statements.
6. INVENTORIES
December 31,
2022 2021
(In millions)
Raw materials and supplies $ 232.0 $ 183.0
Finished goods 357.5 278.6
Total inventories $ 589.5 $ 461.6
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
7. DIVESTITURES AND ACQUISITION
Discontinued Operations
Sale of a Significant Portion of the Meal Preparation Business
On August 10, 2022, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with two entities affiliated with Investindustrial: Rushmore Investment III LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("US Buyer") and 1373978 B.C., ULC, a British Columbia unlimited liability company ("CA Buyer" and together with US Buyer, the "Buyer"). On October 3, 2022, the Company completed the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business (the "Business") for a closing purchase price of $963.8 million, subject to customary purchase price post-closing adjustments. The closing purchase price consisted of approximately $537.9 million in cash and approximately $425.9 million in a five-year secured Seller Promissory Note. Refer to Note 8 for additional information on the secured Seller Promissory Note. The Company recognized an expected loss on disposal of $128.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The expected loss on disposal is recognized within Net (loss) income from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The sale of the Business is in line with the Company’s strategy to build leadership and depth around a focused group of categories in its higher-growth businesses. The Company used the majority of its cash proceeds of the sale to pay down debt.
The Business consists of consumer packaged food manufacturers operating 14 manufacturing facilities in the United States, Canada, and Italy servicing primarily retail grocery customers. The Business includes 11 categories and sells center of the store grocery and main course meal items, such as pasta, pourable dressings, sauces, red sauces (salsas and pasta sauces), spoonables (mayos and dips), syrups, preserves, dry dinners (macaroni and cheese), dry blends and baking goods, and pie filling as well as pita chips.
The Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement ("TSA") with the Buyer, which is designed to ensure and facilitate an orderly transfer of business operations. The services provided under the TSA include, but are not limited to, IT systems implementation, IT and financial shared services, procurement and order processing, customer service, distribution network separation, and a supply agreement. These services terminate at various times up to twenty-four months from the date of sale and certain services can be renewed with a maximum of an additional twelve-month period. Additionally, a $35.0 million credit was provided to the Buyer by TreeHouse to cover initial TSA set-up costs that otherwise would have been incurred by the Buyer ("TSA Credit"). The TSA Credit is included in the fair value of consideration transferred, and it represents deferred income for TreeHouse until the Company incurs the related TSA costs, at which point deferred income is reduced and TSA income recognized. TSA income is recognized as services are performed, and the income received under the TSA was $22.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The TSA income is classified within Other operating expense, net in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2022, the deferred income balance on the TSA Credit was $12.3 million and was included in Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Ready-to-eat Cereal
On June 1, 2021, the Company simultaneously entered into a definitive agreement and completed the sale of its Ready-to-eat ("RTE") Cereal business to Post Holdings, Inc. ("Post") for a base purchase price of $85.0 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments, resulting in cash proceeds at closing of $88.0 million. The Company classified the proceeds within Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities - discontinued operations, and a pre-tax gain was recognized on the transaction upon closing of $18.4 million as a component of Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities - discontinued operations. The sale of this business was part of the Company's portfolio optimization strategy. RTE Cereal operated as two manufacturing plants located in Lancaster, Ohio and Sparks, Nevada.
The Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement ("RTE TSA") with Post, which is designed to ensure and facilitate an orderly transfer of business operations. The services provided under the RTE TSA terminated at various times up to twelve months from the date of sale with certain services renewed for a maximum of an additional six-month period. The RTE TSA ended on December 31, 2022. The income received under the RTE TSA was not material for the year then ended December 31, 2022 or 2021 and was primarily classified within General and administrative expenses or Cost of sales in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations depending on the functions being supported by the Company.
The Company has reflected both of these transactions as a discontinued operation. Unless otherwise noted, amounts and disclosures throughout these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements relate to the Company's continuing operations.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Results of discontinued operations are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Net sales $ 1,182.0 $ 1,459.6 1,576.2
Cost of sales 1,022.0 1,218.6 1,291.3
Selling, general, administrative and other operating expense 121.6 132.2 108.9
Amortization expense 14.5 25.4 20.3
Asset impairment - 0.3 51.2
Loss (gain) on sale of business 128.5 (18.4) -
Operating (loss) income from discontinued operations (104.6) 101.5 104.5
Interest expense and other expense 20.8 11.5 16.8
Income tax expense 4.8 21.6 19.1
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax $ (130.2) $ 68.4 68.6
Assets and liabilities of discontinued operations presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 include the following:
December 31,
(in millions)
Cash $ 4.1
Receivables, net 57.9
Inventories 216.2
Prepaid expenses and other assets 5.5
Property, plant, and equipment, net 319.0
Operating lease right-of-use assets 27.5
Goodwill 359.5
Intangible assets, net 218.4
Total assets of discontinued operations $ 1,208.1
Accounts payable $ 160.1
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 45.2
Operating lease liabilities 25.0
Deferred income taxes 52.2
Total liabilities of discontinued operations $ 282.5
Other Divestitures
In-Store Bakery Facilities
On January 10, 2020, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell two of its In-Store Bakery facilities located in Fridley, Minnesota and Lodi, California, which manufacture breads, rolls, and cakes for in-store retail bakeries and food-away-from-home customers. These two facilities did not meet the criteria to be presented as a discontinued operation. On April 17, 2020, the sale of these facilities was completed for $26.9 million. The cash proceeds were classified within Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations. The Company recognized a loss upon divestiture of $0.3 million within Other operating expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2020.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Acquisition
Refrigerated Dough Acquisition
On September 1, 2020, the Company completed an acquisition of a refrigerated dough business for a purchase price of $17.5 million, which included the recognition of $10.7 million of goodwill.
8. NOTE RECEIVABLE
As a result of the completion of the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business on October 3, 2022, the Company entered into a $425.9 million five-year secured Seller Promissory Note ("Seller Note Credit Agreement") with Rushmore Investment II LLC (“Holdings”) and the US Buyer (collectively with Holdings and US Buyer, the "Loan Parties") which matures on October 1, 2027. The Seller Note Credit Agreement sets forth the terms of the Seller Promissory Note and the loan evidenced thereby (the "Seller Loan"). The Seller Loan bears interest at a rate per annum equal to 10% for the first two years thereof, 11% for the third year thereof, 12% for the fourth year thereof, and 13% thereafter, payable quarterly in arrears. For the first year of the Seller Loan, a portion of the interest, of up to 1% per annum, may be paid in kind; all other interest for the first year, and all interest thereafter, will be paid in cash. Starting on March 31, 2025, the Loan Parties shall commence repayment of the principal amount of the Seller Loan on a quarterly basis at 0.25% of the principal adjusted for prepayments.
The Seller Note Credit Agreement contains certain customary covenants, subject to agreed exceptions and thresholds. The Seller Note Credit Agreement’s negative covenants restrict the ability of the Loan Parties and their subsidiaries to, among other things, (i) incur debt, (ii) create certain liens on their assets, (iii) dispose of their assets, (iv) make investments or restricted payments, including dividends, (v) merge, change their business or consolidate with other entities and (vi) enter into affiliate transactions.
Management evaluated the creditworthiness of the borrower using a synthetic credit rating estimation method by comparing the financial performance metrics of the borrower against the 700+ U.S. based companies using a Multinomial Logistic Regression ("MLR") Model and assigned the borrower an internal credit rating of "B." The Seller Loan is guaranteed by Holdings and certain subsidiaries of US Buyer and secured by a first-priority lien on substantially all of the Loan Parties' assets. Additionally, the Company monitors the current economic conditions, financial information of borrower, and quarterly payment history in its assessment of the allowance for credit losses. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses on uncollectible amounts related to the note receivable.
The Seller Loan is measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and will be assessed for credit losses periodically. Management determined that the fair value of the Seller Loan approximates its principal value upon initial recognition, and no premium or discount was recognized. The fair value of the Seller Loan was estimated using the Black-Derman-Toy binomial lattice model ("BDT"). The BDT determines the future evolution of relevant yields and includes unobservable inputs. Accordingly, the fair value of the Company's Seller Loan is classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy.
Consolidated Balance Sheet information related to the Note Receivable is as follows:
December 31,
Balance Sheet Classification 2022 2021
(In millions)
Seller Loan Note receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.0 in 2022
$ 427.0 $ -
We recognized interest income on our Note Receivable in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows:
Year Ended
December 31,
Location of Interest Income Recognized 2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Interest income Interest income $ 10.6 $ - $ -
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
9. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT
December 31,
2022 2021
(In millions)
Land $ 28.7 $ 28.7
Buildings and improvements 321.2 308.0
Machinery and equipment 1,006.8 999.1
Construction in progress 66.6 51.3
Total 1,423.3 1,387.1
Less accumulated depreciation (756.8) (687.0)
Property, plant, and equipment, net $ 666.5 $ 700.1
Depreciation expense was $95.9 million, $101.6 million, and $97.9 million in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Asset Impairment
We evaluate property, plant, and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and finite lived intangible assets for impairment when circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable. Indicators of impairment include deteriorations in operating cash flows, the anticipated sale or disposal of an asset group, and other significant changes in business conditions.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, as a result of rising input costs coupled with lower than expected new business wins, we revised our forecast expectations for the Bars asset group and performed a recoverability assessment. Our assessment indicated that the Bars asset group was not recoverable, and we were required to determine the fair value of the business. Our fair value assessment indicated that the carrying value was in excess of the fair value, and an impairment of $9.2 million of property, plant, and equipment was recognized in our Bars asset group. The impairment charge is included in Asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Impairment charges are measured by comparing the carrying values of the asset groups to their estimated fair values. The fair value of these assets were based on expected future cash flows using Level 3 inputs under ASC 820. We can provide no assurance regarding the prospect of additional impairment charges in future periods.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
10. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
As a result of the changes in organizational structure completed in the third quarter of 2022, the Company now has one reportable segment. See Note 1 for more information regarding the change in segment structure during the third quarter of 2022. Goodwill of approximately $356 million was included in the disposal group as a result of the sale of a significant portion of the Meal Preparation business on October 3, 2022. See Note 7 for more information regarding this divestiture.
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
Goodwill
(In millions)
Balance at January 1, 2021, before accumulated impairment losses $ 1,854.9
Accumulated impairment losses (33.0)
Balance at January 1, 2021 1,821.9
Balance at December 31, 2021 1,821.9
Foreign currency exchange adjustments (4.3)
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 1,817.6
The Company performed the annual impairment assessment on goodwill as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, noting no impairment losses.
Approximately $298.6 million of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
December 31,
2022 2021
Gross
Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Net
Carrying
Amount Gross
Carrying
Amount Accumulated
Amortization Net
Carrying
Amount
(In millions)
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Customer-related $ 542.9 $ (329.5) $ 213.4 $ 545.5 $ (297.3) $ 248.2
Trademarks 18.7 (14.6) 4.1 18.8 (13.4) 5.4
Formulas/recipes 15.1 (14.7) 0.4 15.1 (14.5) 0.6
Computer software 205.6 (133.5) 72.1 197.6 (121.2) 76.4
Total finite lived intangibles 782.3 (492.3) 290.0 777.0 (446.4) 330.6
Intangible assets with indefinite lives:
Trademarks 6.0 - 6.0 6.0 - 6.0
Total intangible assets $ 788.3 $ (492.3) $ 296.0 $ 783.0 $ (446.4) $ 336.6
The Company performed the annual impairment assessment on indefinite-lived intangibles as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, resulting in no impairment losses.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Estimated amortization expense on intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:
(In millions)
2023 $ 47.6
2024 47.1
2025 46.3
2026 43.6
2027 41.5
11. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consist of:
December 31,
2022 2021
(In millions)
Payroll and benefits $ 71.6 $ 46.0
Operating lease liabilities 38.6 33.1
Trade promotion liabilities 19.5 21.8
Health insurance, workers' compensation, and other insurance costs 17.6 21.9
Interest 8.7 8.8
Taxes 6.4 3.3
Marketing liabilities 6.3 4.8
Derivative contracts 0.3 52.1
Other accrued liabilities 39.5 42.1
Total $ 208.5 $ 233.9
12. INCOME TAXES
The components of Loss before income taxes are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Domestic $ 4.7 $ (98.9) $ (113.3)
Foreign (12.5) (3.3) (2.6)
Loss before income taxes $ (7.8) $ (102.2) $ (115.9)
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following table presents the components of the 2022, 2021, and 2020 provision for income taxes:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Current:
Federal $ (1.7) $ (7.4) $ (102.4)
State (0.6) 0.9 (1.3)
Foreign 1.4 (2.4) (0.9)
Total current (0.9) (8.9) (104.6)
Deferred:
Federal 3.2 (11.7) 51.8
State 8.7 (1.1) (3.6)
Foreign (2.7) 0.4 (4.7)
Total deferred 9.2 (12.4) 43.5
Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 8.3 $ (21.3) $ (61.1)
The following is a reconciliation of income tax benefit computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the income tax benefit reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Tax at statutory rate $ (1.6) $ (21.5) $ (24.3)
State income taxes (1) 6.4 (0.2) (3.9)
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation 3.0 0.4 1.6
Canadian restructuring (2) 1.6 - -
Nondeductible transaction costs 1.4 - -
Nondeductible officers' compensation 1.3 1.5 2.6
Tax credits (0.7) (0.7) (0.8)
Uncertain tax positions (2.5) (2.9) (1.4)
CARES Act - 1.9 (30.3)
Tax benefit of cross-border intercompany financing structure - - (1.4)
Valuation allowance - - (4.3)
Other, net (0.6) 0.2 1.1
Total provision for income taxes $ 8.3 $ (21.3) $ (61.1)
(1) 2022 and 2021 State income taxes are inclusive of a valuation allowance of $5.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively recorded against certain deferred tax assets.
(2) In anticipation of the sale of a significant portion of the Meal Preparation business, the Company completed a Canadian restructuring resulting in a $1.6 million tax impact during 2022.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences giving rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities were:
December 31,
2022 2021
(In millions)
Deferred tax assets:
Loss and credit carryovers $ 208.6 $ 196.8
Lease liabilities 49.8 39.1
Interest limitation carryover 19.7 10.3
Accrued liabilities 18.0 14.9
Pension and postretirement benefits 10.6 7.7
Stock compensation 6.3 9.0
Unrealized foreign exchange loss - 11.7
Other 14.2 5.8
Total deferred tax assets 327.2 295.3
Valuation allowance (186.4) (161.8)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 140.8 133.5
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets and intangible assets (194.2) (201.4)
Lease assets (48.5) (37.2)
Other (5.5) -
Total deferred tax liabilities (248.2) (238.6)
Net deferred income tax liability $ (107.4) $ (105.1)
The following table details the Company's tax attributes primarily related to net operating losses, tax credits, and capital losses for which it has recorded deferred tax assets:
Tax Attributes Gross Attribute Amount Net Attribute Amount Expiration Years
(In millions)
Foreign net operating losses $ 5.4 $ 1.4 2029 - 2042
State net operating losses 363.4 8.7 2023 - 2042
Federal credits - 9.3 2027
State credits - 15.9 2023 - 2036
Federal capital loss 621.5 130.5 2024 - 2027
State capital loss 962.5 32.6 2024 - 2027
Foreign capital loss 47.8 6.3 N/A
Other 3.9 2024 - 2037
Total $ 208.6
The Company assessed the realizability of its deferred tax assets and has recorded valuation allowances for certain foreign non-capital loss carryforwards, state net operating loss carryforwards, and state tax credit carryforwards that will more likely than not expire unused. In addition, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset of $169.4 million it established for capital losses resulting from divestitures.
The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S., Canada, and various U.S. states. In the U.S. federal jurisdiction, the Company is open to examination for the tax years ended December 31, 2021; for Canadian purposes, the Company is open to examination for the tax year ended December 31, 2015 and forward; and for the various U.S. states the Company is generally open to examination for the tax year ended December 31, 2018 and forward.
Our Canadian operations are under exam by the Canadian Revenue Agency ("CRA") for tax years 2012 through 2020. These examinations are expected to be completed in 2024.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
During the year, the Company recorded adjustments to its unrecognized tax benefits. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Unrecognized tax benefits beginning balance $ 7.1 $ 10.7 $ 12.3
Additions based on tax positions of prior years - 0.5 2.4
Reductions resulting from dispositions (2.2) - -
Reductions due to statute lapses (0.4) (4.1) (3.4)
Reductions related to settlements with taxing authorities (2.9) - (0.7)
Foreign currency translation (0.1) - 0.1
Unrecognized tax benefits ending balance $ 1.5 $ 7.1 $ 10.7
Unrecognized tax benefits are included in Other long-term liabilities of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Of the amount accrued at December 31, 2022 and 2021, $1.2 million and $3.4 million, respectively, would impact Net loss from continuing operations when settled. Of the amounts accrued at December 31, 2022 and 2021, $0.2 million in both years relates to unrecognized tax benefits assumed in prior acquisitions, which have been indemnified by the previous owners.
Management estimates that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by as much as $0.6 million within the next 12 months, primarily as a result of the resolution of audits currently in progress and the lapsing of statutes of limitations. Approximately $0.3 million of the $0.6 million would affect net income when settled. The timing of cash settlement, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated for uncertain tax benefits.
The Company recognizes interest expense (income) and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company recognized $(0.1) million, $(0.9) million, and $(1.0) million of interest and penalties in income tax expense from continuing operations, respectively. The Company has accrued approximately $0.4 million and $0.7 million for the payment of interest and penalties at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of which $0.1 million is indemnified in 2022.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law, which features several tax provisions and other measures that assist businesses impacted by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The significant tax provisions include an increase in the limitation of the tax deduction for interest expense from 30% to 50% of adjusted earnings in 2019 and 2020, a five-year carryback allowance for net operating losses ("NOLs") generated in tax years 2018-2020, increased charitable contribution limitations to 25% of taxable income in 2020, and a retroactive technical correction to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that makes qualified improvement property placed in service after December 31, 2017 eligible for bonus depreciation. The Company has recorded a $1.9 million income tax expense and a $29.3 million income tax benefit related to the NOL carryback provisions of the CARES Act for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
13. LONG-TERM DEBT
December 31,
2022 2021
(In millions)
Term Loan A $ 316.4 $ 496.3
Term Loan A-1 588.6 923.0
2028 Notes 500.0 500.0
Finance leases 1.2 2.2
Total outstanding debt 1,406.2 1,921.5
Deferred financing costs (11.6) (16.1)
Less current portion (0.6) (15.4)
Total long-term debt $ 1,394.0 $ 1,890.0
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The scheduled maturities of outstanding debt, excluding deferred financing costs, at December 31, 2022 are as follows (in millions):
2023 $ 0.6
2024 0.4
2025 0.2
2026 588.6
2027 -
Thereafter 816.4
Total outstanding debt $ 1,406.2
Credit Agreement - On December 1, 2017, the Company entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"). The senior unsecured credit facility includes a revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility" or the "Revolver") and two term loans.
The Company has executed five amendments to the Credit Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Credit Agreement has been amended as follows:
•On February 14, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement. Amendment No.4 temporarily increases the leverage covenant threshold from 4.50x to 5.50x through June 30, 2022, then 5.25x through September 30, 2022 and thereafter reverts to 4.50x. The material terms and conditions under the Credit Agreement are otherwise substantially consistent with those contained in the Credit Agreement prior to Amendment No. 4.
•On August 10, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 5 to the Credit Agreement. Under Amendment No. 5, among other things, the parties have agreed to: (i) amend the definition of "Consolidated EBITDA", (ii) allow the Borrower to make Investments pursuant to a credit facility in principal amount not to exceed $50.0 million provided by the Borrower or any guarantors under the Credit Agreement to any Person that comprises or owns, directly or indirectly, any business unit disposed of by the Borrower or any such guarantors; (iii) allow the Borrower to consummate the Transaction for consideration of at least 65% cash or cash equivalents; and (iv) defined the required prepayment of the Term Loan and Revolver Reduction as a result of the Meal Preparation Divestiture. The material terms and conditions under the Credit Agreement are otherwise substantially consistent with those contained in the Credit Agreement prior to Amendment No. 5.
The Company’s average interest rate on debt outstanding under its Credit Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 5.53%. Including the impact of interest rate swap agreements in effect as of December 31, 2022, the average rate is 4.91%.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt - The Company incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt as follows:
•During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid down debt of $500.0 million which consisted of $174.8 million on Term Loan A and $325.2 million on Term Loan A-1 and reduced the revolving credit commitment from $750.0 million to an aggregate amount of $500.0 million. The Company incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $4.5 million representing the write-off of deferred financing costs in connection with the debt prepayment and revolving credit commitment reduction in October 2022.
•During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $14.4 million, which included a premium of $9.0 million and a write-off of deferred financing costs of $5.4 million in connection with the redemption of its 2024 Notes completed on March 31, 2021 and Credit Agreement refinancing executed on March 26, 2021.
•During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $1.2 million representing the write-off of deferred financing costs in connection with the redemption of its 2022 Notes completed on September 25, 2020.
Revolving Credit Facility - As of December 31, 2022, $482.3 million of the aggregate commitment of $500.0 million of the Revolving Credit Facility was available. Under the Credit Agreement, the Revolving Credit Facility matures on March 26, 2026. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, there were $17.7 million in letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facility that were issued but undrawn, which have been included as a reduction to the calculation of available credit.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Interest is payable quarterly or, if earlier, at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears on any outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The interest rates applicable to the Revolving Credit Facility are based upon the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio or the Company’s Corporate Credit Rating, whichever results in lower pricing, and are determined by either (i) LIBOR, plus a margin ranging from 1.20% to 1.70%, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.20% to 0.70%. The unused fee on the Revolving Credit Facility is also based on the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio or the Company’s Corporate Credit Rating, whichever results in lower pricing, and accrues at a rate ranging from 0.20% to 0.35%.
The Credit Agreement is fully and unconditionally, as well as jointly and severally, guaranteed by our 100% owned direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries: Bay Valley Foods, LLC; Cottage Bakery, Inc.; Linette Quality Chocolates, Inc.; Pickles Manufacturing LLC; Protenergy Holdings, Inc.; Protenergy Natural Foods, Inc.; Ralcorp Frozen Bakery Products, Inc.; Refrigerated Dough, Inc.; Sturm Foods, Inc.; TreeHouse Foods Services, LLC; TreeHouse Private Brands, Inc.; and certain other domestic subsidiaries that may become guarantors in the future, which are collectively known as the "Guarantor Subsidiaries." The Credit Agreement contains various financial and restrictive covenants and requires that the Company maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio of no greater than 4.50 to 1.0, with the exception of the temporary increase in Amendment No. 4. The Credit Agreement also contains cross-default provisions which could result in the acceleration of payments in the event TreeHouse or the Guarantor Subsidiaries (i) fails to make a payment when due in respect of any indebtedness or guarantee having an aggregate principal amount greater than $75.0 million or (ii) fails to observe or perform any other agreement or condition related to such indebtedness or guarantee as a result of which the holder(s) of such debt are permitted to accelerate the payment of such debt.
Term Loan A - On December 1, 2017, the Company entered into a $500 million term loan and amended the loan to extend the maturity date to March 26, 2028. The interest rates applicable to Term Loan A are based upon the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio or the Company’s Corporate Credit Rating, whichever results in lower pricing, and are determined by either (i) LIBOR, plus a margin ranging from 1.675% to 2.175%, or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus a margin ranging from 0.675% to 1.175%. As a result of the principal prepayment of $174.8 million on Term Loan A in October 2022, principal amortization payments are no longer due on a quarterly basis, and the remaining principal balance is due at maturity. Interest is payable quarterly or, if earlier, at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears on any outstanding borrowings under Term Loan A. Term Loan A is subject to substantially the same covenants as the Revolving Credit Facility, and also has the same Guarantor Subsidiaries.
Term Loan A-1 - On December 1, 2017, the Company entered into a term loan and amended the loan amount to $930 million and extended the maturity date to March 26, 2026. The interest rates applicable to Term Loan A-1 are the same as those applicable to the Revolving Credit Facility (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, the unused fee). As a result of the principal prepayment of $325.2 million on Term Loan A-1 in October 2022, principal amortization payments are no longer due on a quarterly basis, and the remaining principal balance is due at maturity. Interest is payable quarterly or, if earlier, at the end of the applicable interest period in arrears on any outstanding borrowing under Term Loan A-1. Term Loan A-1 is subject to substantially the same covenants as the Revolving Credit Facility, and has the same Guarantor Subsidiaries.
2028 Notes - On September 9, 2020, the Company completed its public offering of $500 million aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes. The 2028 Notes pay interest at the rate of 4.000% per annum and mature on September 1, 2028. Interest is payable on the 2028 Notes on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The payments began on March 1, 2021.
The Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes at any time prior to September 1, 2023 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2028 Notes redeemed plus an applicable "make-whole" premium and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. On or after September 1, 2023, the Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes at redemption prices set forth in the Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to September 1, 2023, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the 2028 Notes at a redemption price of 104.000% of the principal amount of the 2028 Notes redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings. Subject to certain limitations, in the event of a change of control of the Company, the Company will be required to make an offer to purchase the 2028 Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 2028 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The Company issued the 2028 Notes pursuant to a single base Indenture among the Company, the Guarantor Subsidiaries, and the Trustee. The Indenture provides, among other things, that the 2028 Notes will be senior unsecured obligations of the Company. The Company’s payment obligations under the 2028 Notes are fully and unconditionally, as well as joint and severally, guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Guarantor Subsidiaries, in addition to any future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee or become borrowers under its credit facility or guarantee certain other indebtedness incurred by the Company or its restricted subsidiaries.
The Indenture governing the 2028 Notes contains customary event of default provisions (including, without limitation, defaults relating to the failure to pay at final maturity or the acceleration of certain other indebtedness). If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the trustee under the Indenture or holders of at least 25% in principal amount of such notes may declare the principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all such notes to be due and payable. The Indenture also contains restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and the Guarantor Subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness and issue certain preferred shares, (ii) make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments, (iii) sell certain assets, (iv) agree to restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to the Company, (v) create liens, (vi) merge, consolidate or sell substantially all of the Company’s assets (vii) enter into certain transactions with affiliates, and (viii) engage in certain sale and leaseback transactions. The foregoing limitations are subject to exceptions as set forth in the Indenture. In addition, if in the future, the 2028 Notes have an investment grade credit rating by both Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, certain of these covenants will, thereafter, no longer apply to the 2028 Notes for so long as the 2028 Notes are rated investment grade by the two rating agencies.
Interest Rate Swap Agreements - As of December 31, 2022, the Company had entered into $875.0 million of long-term interest rate swap agreements to lock into a fixed LIBOR interest rate base. The swaps cover a period through February 28, 2025. Refer to Note 21 for additional information regarding the Company's interest rate swap agreements.
Fair Value - At December 31, 2022, the aggregate fair value of the Company's total debt was $1,335.8 million and its carrying value was $1,405.0 million. At December 31, 2021, the aggregate fair value of the Company's total debt was $1,899.5 million and its carrying value was $1,919.3 million. The fair values of Term Loan A and Term Loan A-1 were estimated using present value techniques and market-based interest rates and credit spreads. The fair value of the Company's 2028 Notes was estimated based on quoted market prices for similar instruments due to their infrequent trading volume. Accordingly, the fair value of the Company's debt is classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.
Finance Lease Obligations and Other - The Company owes $1.2 million related to finance leases. Finance lease obligations represent machinery and equipment financing obligations, which are payable in monthly installments of principal and interest, and are collateralized by the related assets financed. Refer to Note 4 for additional information regarding the Company's finance leases.
Deferred Financing Costs - As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, deferred financing costs of $11.6 million and $16.1 million were included as a direct deduction from outstanding long-term debt. Fees associated with the Revolving Credit Facility are presented in Other assets, net.
14. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common Stock - The Company has authorized 90 million shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. No dividends have been declared or paid.
Share Repurchase Authorization - On November 2, 2017, the Company announced that the Board of Directors adopted a stock repurchase program. The stock repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $400 million of the Company’s common stock at any time, or from time to time. Any repurchases under the program may be made by means of open market transactions, negotiated block transactions, or otherwise, including pursuant to a repurchase plan administered in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). The size and timing of any repurchases will depend on price, market and business conditions, and other factors. The Company has the ability to make discretionary repurchases up to an annual cap of $150 million under the $400 million total authorization. Any shares repurchased will be held as treasury stock.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following table summarizes the Company's repurchases of its common stock:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions, except per share data)
Shares repurchased - 0.5 0.6
Weighted average price per share $ - $ 50.88 $ 38.64
Total cost $ - $ 25.0 $ 25.0
Preferred Stock - The Company has authorized 10 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. No preferred stock has been issued.
15. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table summarizes the effect of the share-based compensation awards on the weighted average number of shares outstanding used in calculating diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Weighted average common shares outstanding 56.0 55.9 56.5
Assumed exercise/vesting of equity awards (1) - - -
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding 56.0 55.9 56.5
(1)Incremental shares from equity awards are computed by the treasury stock method. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the weighted average common shares outstanding is the same for the computations of both basic and diluted shares outstanding because the Company had a net loss from continuing operations for the period. Equity awards, excluded from our computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive, were 1.4 million, 1.6 million, and 1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
16. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Board of Directors adopted, and the Company’s Stockholders approved, the "TreeHouse Foods, Inc. Equity and Incentive Plan" (the "Plan"). Under the Plan, the Compensation Committee may grant awards of various types of compensation, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, other types of stock-based awards, and other cash-based compensation. The maximum number of shares authorized to be awarded under the Plan is approximately 17.5 million, of which approximately 1.3 million remained available at December 31, 2022.
Total compensation expense related to stock-based payments and the related income tax benefit recognized in Net loss from continuing operations are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Compensation expense related to stock-based payments $ 19.9 $ 14.2 $ 24.4
Related income tax benefit 4.7 3.6 6.3
The Company estimates that certain key executives and all directors will complete the required service conditions associated with their awards. For all other employees, the Company estimates its forfeiture rate based on historical experience.
All amounts below include continuing and discontinued operations.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Stock Options - Stock options granted under the plan during 2022 have a three year vesting schedule, vest one-third on the second anniversary of the grant date and two-thirds on the third anniversary of the grant date, and expire ten years from the grant date. Stock options are generally only granted to employees and non-employee directors.
The following table summarizes stock option activity during 2022:
Employee
Options Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (yrs.) Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In thousands) (In millions)
Outstanding, at January 1, 2022 1,149 $ 79.51 2.3 $ -
Granted 376 42.69
Forfeited (51) 42.69
Exercised (9) 42.69
Expired (207) 68.43
Outstanding, at December 31, 2022 1,258 72.09 3.5 2.1
Vested/expected to vest, at December 31, 2022 1,205 73.37 3.1 1.8
Exercisable, at December 31, 2022 942 81.93 1.4 -
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Intrinsic value of stock options exercised $ 0.1 $ - $ 0.7
Tax benefit recognized from stock option exercises - - 0.2
Unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested options totaled $3.9 million at December 31, 2022 and are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted in 2022 was $15.62.
Stock options are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the stock options is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. We based our expected term on the simplified method as described under the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107. The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the value of the stock option awards granted are presented as follows (no stock options were granted in 2021 and 2020):
Year Ended December 31,
Dividend yield 0 %
Risk-free rate 2.93 %
Expected volatility 38.54 %
Expected term (in years) 6.33
Restricted Stock Units - Employee restricted stock unit awards generally vest based on the passage of time in approximately three equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date with the following exceptions:
•On June 9, 2022, restricted stock unit awards were granted that vest on the passage of time on the eighteen month anniversary of the grant date. The fair value of the awards was $37.90 on approximately 62,000 units granted.
•On December 29, 2021, restricted stock unit awards granted to certain executive members of management that vest on the passage of time in approximately three equal installments on each of the three six month anniversaries of the grant date. The fair value of the awards was $40.03 on approximately 51,200 units granted.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Director restricted stock units generally vest on the first anniversary of the grant date. Certain directors have elected to defer receipt of their awards until either their departure from the Board of Directors or a specified date beyond the first anniversary of the grant date.
The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity during the year ended December 31, 2022:
Employee
Restricted
Stock Units Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value Director
Restricted
Stock Units Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
(In thousands) (In thousands)
Nonvested, at January 1, 2022 660 $ 48.88 50 $ 48.15
Granted 674 31.95 51 31.25
Vested (337) 48.65 (30) 48.59
Forfeited (365) 38.25 - -
Nonvested, at December 31, 2022 632 37.08 71 35.88
Vested and deferred, at December 31, 2022 20 47.50
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Fair value of vested restricted stock units $ 13.1 $ 22.6 $ 11.1
Tax benefit recognized from vested restricted stock units 2.5 3.8 2.0
Unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested restricted stock units are approximately $16.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. The grant date fair value of the awards is equal to the Company's closing stock price on the grant date.
Performance Units - Performance unit awards are granted to certain members of management. These awards contain both service and performance conditions, and for certain executive members of management, a market condition, in each case as described below.
•For awards granted in years prior to 2020, for each year of the three-year performance period, one-third of the units will accrue, multiplied by a predefined percentage generally between 0% and 200%, depending on the achievement of certain operating performance measures. Accrued shares are not earned until the end of the full three-year performance period.
•For performance unit awards granted in 2020 through 2022, performance goals are set and measured annually with one-quarter of the units eligible to accrue for each year in the three-year performance period. Accrued shares are earned at the end of each performance period but remain subject to forfeiture until the third anniversary of the grant date. Additionally, for the cumulative three-year performance period, one-quarter of the units will accrue. For both the annual and cumulative shares, the earned shares are equal to the number of units granted multiplied by a predefined percentage generally between 0% and 200%, depending on the achievement of certain operating performance measures.
•In 2022 and 2021, certain executive members of management received awards that were measured using a relative total shareholder return ("TSR") market condition over a three-year performance goal. The units will accrue, multiplied by a predefined percentage between 0% and 150% for the relative TSR measure, depending on the achievement attainment over the three-year performance period based on the Company’s absolute annualized TSR relative to the annualized TSR of a Peer Group. The fair value of the portion of the awards based on relative TSR was valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model with a grant-date fair value of $26.84 on approximately 52,600 units granted in 2022 and a grant-date fair value of $59.16 on approximately 23,200 units granted in 2021.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
•During the second quarter of 2022, the Company made grants to certain of the Company’s named executive officers and certain other executive officers of performance-based restricted stock units (the "PBRSU Awards"). The PBRSU Awards include a relative TSR market condition over a two-year performance period beginning on the date of grant. The units will accrue, multiplied by a predefined percentage between 0% to 450% for the relative TSR measure, depending on the achievement attainment over the two-year performance period based on Company’s absolute annualized TSR relative to the annualized TSR of the S&P Food & Beverage Select Industry Index (the "Index"). The fair value of the awards was valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $58.36 on approximately 239,300 units granted in 2022.
These awards will be converted to stock or cash, at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, generally, on the third anniversary of the grant date with the exception of the PBRSU Awards on the second anniversary. The Company intends to settle these awards in stock and has the shares available to do so.
Performance unit awards with market conditions are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price, average Peer Group stock price, or the total return value of the Index. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant with a term equivalent to the expected term of the award. The expected term is the time period from the grant date to the end of the performance period. The weighted average assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulations were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021
Dividend yield 0 % 0 %
Risk-free rate 2.36 % 0.30 %
Expected volatility (TreeHouse Foods, Inc.) 36.84 % 35.65 %
Expected volatility (Peer Group) 36.64 % 37.72 %
Expected volatility (Index) 16.30 % N/A
Expected term (in years) 2.14 2.75
The following table summarizes the performance unit activity during the year ended December 31, 2022:
Performance
Units Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
(In thousands)
Nonvested, at January 1, 2022 480 $ 54.21
Granted 438 46.01
Vested (70) 61.63
Forfeited (228) 52.87
Nonvested, at December 31, 2022 620 45.23
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Fair value of vested performance units $ 2.4 $ 5.6 $ 3.3
Tax benefit recognized from performance units vested 0.3 0.3 0.7
Unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested performance units are estimated to be approximately $13.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years. The fair value of the portion of the awards earned based on market conditions were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model. For other awards, the grant date fair value is equal to the Company's closing stock price on the date of grant.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
17. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following components, all of which are net of tax:
Foreign
Currency
Translation (1) Unrecognized
Pension and
Postretirement
Benefits (2) Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
(In millions)
Balance at January 1, 2020 $ (79.4) $ (4.6) $ (84.0)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 12.1 7.4 19.5
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss (3) - 0.5 0.5
Other comprehensive income 12.1 7.9 20.0
Balance at December 31, 2020 (67.3) 3.3 (64.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (3.6) 13.5 9.9
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (3) - 0.5 0.5
Other comprehensive (loss) income (3.6) 14.0 10.4
Balance at December 31, 2021 (70.9) 17.3 (53.6)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (11.5) (14.3) (25.8)
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (3) (4) (4.6) 0.3 (4.3)
Other comprehensive loss (16.1) (14.0) (30.1)
Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (87.0) $ 3.3 $ (83.7)
(1)The tax impact of the foreign currency translation adjustment was insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.
(2)The unrecognized pension and postretirement benefits are presented net of tax of $(4.5) million, $4.5 million, and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.
(3)Refer to Note 18 for additional information regarding reclassifications of unrecognized pension and postretirement benefits.
(4)In connection with the completion of the sale of a significant portion of the Company’s Meal Preparation business on October 3, 2022, the Company completed the liquidation of its investment in its Italian subsidiary. Accordingly, $4.6 million of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss and into earnings. This amount is recognized within Net (loss) income from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
18. EMPLOYEE PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Defined Contribution Plans - Certain of our union and non-union employees participate in savings and profit sharing plans. These plans generally provide for salary reduction contributions to the plans on behalf of the participants of between 1% and 80% of a participant’s annual compensation and provide for employer matching and profit sharing contributions. The Company established tax-qualified defined contribution plans and group registered savings plans to manage the assets. On a continuing operations basis, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company made matching and profit sharing contributions to the plans of $15.3 million, $16.2 million, and $16.1 million, respectively.
Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Certain employees and retirees participate in pension and other postretirement benefit plans. Employee benefit plan obligations and expenses included in the Consolidated Financial Statements are determined based on plan assumptions, employee demographic data, including years of service and compensation, benefits and claims paid, and employer contributions. The information below includes the activities of the Company's continuing and discontinued operations.
Pension benefits for eligible salaried and non-union employees were frozen in 2002 for years of creditable service. For these employees, incremental pension benefits are only earned for changes in compensation affecting final average pay. Pension benefits earned by union employees covered by collective bargaining agreements, but not participating in multiemployer pension plans, are earned based on creditable years of service and the specified benefit amounts negotiated as part of the collective bargaining agreements. The Company’s funding policy provides that annual contributions to the pension plan master trust will be at least equal to the minimum amounts required by Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. The Company estimates that its 2023 contributions to its pension plans will be $0.7 million. The measurement date for the defined benefit pension plans is December 31.
Certain employees participate in benefit programs that provide certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and their eligible dependents. The plans are unfunded. The Company estimates that its 2023 contributions to its postretirement benefit plans will be $1.5 million. The measurement date for the other postretirement benefit plans is December 31.
The Company established a tax-qualified pension plan and master trust to manage the portion of the pension plan assets related to eligible salaried, non-union, and union employees not covered by a multiemployer pension plan. We also retain investment consultants to assist our Benefit Plans Committee with formulating a long-term investment policy for the master trust. The expected long-term rate of return on assets is based on projecting long-term market returns for the various asset classes in which the plan’s assets are invested, weighted by the target asset allocations. The estimated ranges are primarily based on observations of historical asset returns and their historical volatility. In determining the expected returns, we also consider consensus forecasts of certain market and economic factors that influence returns, such as inflation, gross domestic product trends, and dividend yields. Active management of the plan assets may result in adjustments to the historical returns. We review the rate of return assumption annually.
Our investment objectives are to minimize the volatility of the value of our pension assets relative to our pension liabilities and to ensure assets are sufficient to pay plan benefits. We have a broad pension de-risking strategy intended to align the characteristics of our assets relative to our liabilities. The strategy targets investments depending on the funded status of the obligation. We anticipate this strategy will continue in future years and will be dependent upon market conditions and plan characteristics.
At December 31, 2022, our master trust was invested as follows: investments in equity securities were at 41%; investments in fixed income were at 53%; investments in hedge funds were at 6%; and cash and cash equivalents were less than 1%. The allocation of our master trust investments as of December 31, 2022 is generally consistent with the targets set forth by our Investment Committee.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The fair value of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:
December 31,
Pricing Category 2022 2021
(In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents (a) Level 1 $ 1.7 $ 1.5
Investments valued using NAV per share:
Equity funds (b) 93.2 129.7
Fixed income funds (c) 122.3 173.4
Alternative funds (d) 12.7 18.7
Total plan assets $ 229.9 $ 323.3
(a) Includes cash and cash equivalents such as short-term marketable securities. Cash and cash equivalents include money market funds traded in active markets.
(b) This investment class includes domestic and international equity funds that includes both large and small/mid cap funds that track the S&P index as well as other equity indices. The Company elected the NAV practical expedient to value these funds.
(c) This investment class includes U.S. Treasury index funds as well as bond funds representative of the United States bond and debt markets with varying benchmark indices. The Company elected the NAV practical expedient to value these funds.
(d) This investment class primarily includes a hedge fund. The valuation is based on NAV as reported by the asset manager or investment company and adjusted for cash flows, if necessary. In making such an assessment, a variety of factors are reviewed by management, including but not limited to the timeliness of NAV as reported by the asset manager and changes in general economic and market conditions subsequent to the last NAV reported by the asset manager.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following table summarizes information about our pension and postretirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
Pension Benefits Postretirement
Benefits
2022 2021 2022 2021
(in millions)
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation, at beginning of year $ 330.9 $ 355.1 $ 23.3 $ 26.1
Service cost 0.5 1.0 - -
Interest cost 9.2 8.8 0.6 0.7
Curtailment (1) - (0.7) - (0.4)
Actuarial gains (2) (65.5) (14.2) (4.6) (1.6)
Benefits paid (20.3) (19.1) (1.5) (1.5)
Projected benefit obligation, at end of year $ 254.8 $ 330.9 $ 17.8 $ 23.3
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, at beginning of year $ 323.3 $ 325.9 $ - $ -
Actual (loss) gain on plan assets (73.8) 15.8 - -
Company contributions 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.5
Benefits paid (20.3) (19.1) (1.5) (1.5)
Fair value of plan assets, at end of year $ 229.9 $ 323.3 $ - $ -
Funded status of the plan $ (24.9) $ (7.6) $ (17.8) $ (23.3)
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Noncurrent asset $ - $ 2.6 $ - $ -
Current liability (0.7) (0.7) (1.5) (1.5)
Noncurrent liability (24.2) (9.5) (16.3) (21.8)
Net amount recognized $ (24.9) $ (7.6) $ (17.8) $ (23.3)
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other
comprehensive loss:
Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 2.6 $ (20.5) $ (7.2) $ (2.6)
Prior service cost 0.2 0.2 - -
Total, before tax effect $ 2.8 $ (20.3) $ (7.2) $ (2.6)
(1)Curtailment relates to the sale of the RTE Cereal business.
(2)The change in actuarial gains for all pension and postretirement benefits plans in 2022 and 2021 was primarily related to a change in the discount rate used to measure the benefit obligations of those plans.
Pension Benefits
2022 2021
(In millions)
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 254.5 $ 330.5
The following table provides a summary of pension benefit plans whose projected benefit obligations and accumulated benefit obligations exceed the fair value of their respective plan assets:
Pension Benefits
2022 2021
(In millions)
Aggregate projected benefit obligation $ 254.8 $ 46.8
Aggregate accumulated benefit obligation 254.5 46.7
Aggregate fair value of plan assets 229.9 36.6
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
2022 2021 2022 2021
(In millions)
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the pension benefit obligations:
Discount rate (1) 5.16 % 2.86 % 5.15 % 2.80 %
Rate of compensation increases 3.10 % 3.00 % - -
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a curtailment gain related to the sale of the RTE Cereal business. The discount rate for the curtailment gain was 2.75%.
The key actuarial assumptions used to determine the postretirement benefit obligations as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
2022 2021
Pre-65 Post-65 Pre-65 Post-65
Health care cost trend rates:
Health care cost trend rate for next year 6.12 % 6.62 % 6.34 % 6.91 %
Ultimate rate 4.50 % 4.50 % 4.50 % 4.50 %
Weighted average discount rate 5.15 % 5.15 % 2.80 % 2.80 %
Year ultimate rate achieved 2030 2030 2030 2030
The following table summarizes the net periodic cost of our pension and postretirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020:
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020
(In millions) (In millions)
Components of net periodic costs:
Service cost $ 0.5 $ 1.0 $ 1.8 $ - $ - $ -
Interest cost 9.2 8.8 10.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Expected return on plan assets (15.1) (13.8) (14.5) - - -
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost 0.1 0.2 0.2 - - -
Amortization of unrecognized net loss 0.3 0.5 0.6 - - -
Curtailment (1) - (0.7) - - (0.4) -
Net periodic (benefit) cost $ (5.0) $ (4.0) $ (1.4) $ 0.6 $ 0.3 $ 0.8
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a curtailment gain related to the sale of the RTE Cereal business within Cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits
2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020
Weighted average assumptions used to determine the periodic benefit costs:
Discount rate (1) 2.86 % 2.50 % 3.25 % 2.80 % 2.50 % 3.25 %
Rate of compensation increases 3.00 % 3.00 % 3.50%-4.00%
- - -
Expected return on plan assets 4.85 % 4.40 % 5.10 % - - -
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized a curtailment gain related to the sale of the RTE Cereal business. The discount rate for the curtailment gain was 2.75%.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Estimated future pension and postretirement benefit payments from the plans are as follows:
Pension
Benefits Postretirement
Benefits
(In millions)
2023 $ 20.7 $ 1.5
2024 21.5 1.5
2025 20.2 1.5
2026 20.1 1.5
2027 19.7 1.5
2028-2032 94.1 6.9
Multiemployer Pension Plans - The Company contributes to several multiemployer pension plans on behalf of employees covered by collective bargaining agreements. These plans are administered jointly by management and union representatives and cover substantially all full-time and certain part-time union employees who are not covered by other plans. The risks of participating in multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects: (1) assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers, (2) if a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers, and (3) if the Company chooses to stop participating in a multiemployer plan, we could, under certain circumstances, be liable for unfunded vested benefits or other expenses of jointly administered union/management plans.
The Company’s participation in multiemployer pension plans is outlined in the table below. The EIN column provides the Employer Identification Number ("EIN") of each plan. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act zone status available in December 31, 2022 and 2021 is for the plan’s years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The zone status is based on information that the Company received from the plan, and is certified by the plan’s actuary. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the yellow zone are 65% to 80% funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded. The FIP column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan ("FIP") is either pending or has been implemented. The last column lists the expiration dates of the collective bargaining agreements to which the plans are subject. There have been no other significant changes in the number of Company employees covered by the multiemployer plans or other significant events that would affect the comparability of contributions to the plans.
The following table lists information about the Company's individually significant multiemployer pension plans:
Pension
Protection
Act
Zone Status TreeHouse Foods Expiration
Date
EIN / Pension Plan Year Ended
December 31, FIP
Implemented Contributions
(in millions) Surcharge
Imposed Of Collective
Bargaining
Plan Name Plan Number 2021 2020 (yes or no) 2022 2021 2020 (yes or no) Agreement(s)
Bakery and Confectionery
Union and Industry 7/22/2023
International Pension Fund 52-6118572 / 001 Red Red Yes $ 1.8 $ 2.0 $ 1.6 Yes 12/4/2023
Central States Southeast and
Southwest Areas Pension
Fund 36-6044243 / 001 Red Red Yes 1.1 1.1 1.1 Yes 12/31/2025
Rockford Area Dairy
Industry Local 754, Intl.
Brotherhood of Teamsters
Retirement Pension Plan (1) 36-6067654 / 001 Green Green No 0.6 0.6 0.6 No 4/30/2026
(1)A subsidiary of the Company was listed in the plan’s Form 5500 as providing more than 5.0% of the total contributions for the plan's year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
At the date these financial statements were issued, Forms 5500 were not available for the multiemployer pension plans for the plan year ended December 31, 2022. No withdrawal liabilities were established related to multiemployer pension plans, as withdrawal from the remaining plans is not probable as of December 31, 2022.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Multiemployer Plans Other Than Pensions - The Company contributes to certain multiemployer postretirement benefit plans other than pensions on behalf of employees covered by collective bargaining agreements. These plans are administered jointly by management and union representatives and cover all eligible retirees. These plans are primarily health and welfare funds and carry the same multiemployer risks as identified at the beginning of this Note. Total contributions to these plans were $2.5 million, $0.3 million, and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
19. OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE, NET
The Company incurred other operating expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, which consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Growth, reinvestment, and restructuring programs (1) $ 84.6 $ 84.2 $ 68.9
TSA income (2) (22.7) - -
Loss on divestitures (2) - - 0.3
Other 1.0 0.5 (0.1)
Total other operating expense, net $ 62.9 $ 84.7 $ 69.1
(1)Refer to Note 3 for additional information.
(2)Refer to Note 7 for additional information.
20. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Shareholder Class Action and Related Derivative Actions
The Company, as nominal defendant, and certain of its directors, officers and former directors and officers are parties to the following four shareholder derivative suits, each of which involves substantially similar claims and allegations:
(i)Wells v. Reed, et al., Case No. 2016-CH-16359 (filed Dec. 22, 2016 in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois), asserting state law claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and corporate waste;
(ii)Lavin v. Reed, et al., Case No. 17-cv-01014 (filed Feb. 7, 2017 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois), asserting state law claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and corporate waste;
(iii)Bartelt v. Reed, et al., Case No. 1:19-cv-00835 (filed Feb. 8, 2019 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois), asserting state law claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and corporate waste, as well as violations of Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(iv)City of Ann Arbor Employees' Retirement System v. Reed, et al., Case No. 2019-CH-06753 (filed June 3, 2019 in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois), asserting claims breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty and contribution and indemnification from the individual defendants for losses incurred by the Company.
Essentially, all four complaints allege that TreeHouse, under the authority and control of the individual defendants: (i) made certain false and misleading statements regarding the Company's business, operations, and future prospects; and (ii) failed to disclose that (a) the Company's private label business was underperforming; (b) the Company's Flagstone Foods business was underperforming; (c) the Company's acquisition strategy was underperforming; (d) the Company had overstated its full-year 2016 guidance; and (e) TreeHouse's statements lacked reasonable basis. The complaints allege, among other things, that these actions artificially inflated the market price of TreeHouse common stock and resulted in harm to the Company, including the filing of the MPERS class action (see below). The Bartelt action also includes substantially similar allegations concerning events in 2017.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Each of these cases involves allegations similar to those in an earlier-filed, resolved federal securities class action, Public Employees' Retirement Systems of Mississippi v. TreeHouse Foods, Inc., et al., Case No. 1:16-cv-10632 ("MPERS") (filed Nov. 16, 2016), in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois brought on behalf of a class of all purchasers of TreeHouse common stock from January 20, 2016 through and including November 2, 2016. The MPERS complaint asserted claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and was based on essentially the same facts described above. The parties filed a stipulation of settlement to resolve the MPERS class action for a cash payment of $27.0 million (funded by D&O insurance) in exchange for dismissal with prejudice of the class claims and full releases. After briefing, preliminary approval, notice and a hearing, on November 17, 2021, the Court granted final approval of the settlement and entered a final judgment dismissing the case with prejudice on a classwide basis.
Due to the similarity of the derivative complaints, Bartelt was consolidated with Lavin, and Ann Arbor was consolidated with Wells. On August 26, 2022, plaintiffs in the consolidated Wells case filed a second amended complaint, which defendants have moved to dismiss pursuant to a briefing schedule set by the Court. On October 24, 2022, the plaintiffs’ designated an operative complaint in the Lavin case, which defendants have moved to dismiss pursuant to a briefing schedule set by the Court.
Other Claims
In addition, the Company is party in the ordinary course of business to certain claims, litigation, audits, and investigations. The Company will record an accrual for a loss contingency when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes it has established adequate accruals for liabilities that are probable and reasonably estimable that may be incurred in connection with any such currently pending or threatened matter. In the Company's opinion, the eventual resolution of such matters, either individually or in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, litigation is inherently unpredictable and resolutions or dispositions of claims or lawsuits by settlement or otherwise could have an adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the reporting period in which any such resolution or disposition occurs.
In February 2014, TreeHouse, along with its 100% owned subsidiaries, Bay Valley Foods, LLC and Sturm Foods, Inc., filed suit against Keurig Dr. Pepper Inc.'s wholly-owned subsidiary, Keurig Green Mountain ("KGM"), in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York captioned TreeHouse Foods, Inc. et al. v. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc. et al. asserting claims under the federal antitrust laws, various state antitrust laws and unfair competition statutes, contending that KGM had monopolized alleged markets for single serve coffee brewers and single serve coffee pods. The Company is seeking monetary damages, declaratory relief, injunctive relief, and attorneys' fees. The matter remains pending, with summary judgment, motions to exclude certain expert opinions, and discovery sanctions motions fully briefed. On March 28, 2022, the Magistrate Judge issued a non-public Opinion and Order granting in part and denying in part the TreeHouse sanctions motion against KGM and denying the KGM sanctions motion against TreeHouse. KGM has appealed a portion of the Opinion and Order awarding sanctions to the Company. KGM is denying the allegations made by the Company in the litigation. The Company has not recorded any amount in its Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2022.
21. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Interest Rate Swap Agreements - The Company manages its exposure to changes in interest rates by optimizing the use of variable-rate and fixed-rate debt and by utilizing interest rate swaps to hedge our exposure to changes in interest rates, to reduce the volatility of our financing costs, and to achieve a desired proportion of fixed versus floating-rate debt, based on current and projected market conditions.
The Company has entered into long-term interest rate swap agreements to lock into a fixed LIBOR interest rate base that have a notional value of $875.0 million as of both December 31, 2022 and 2021. Under the terms of the agreements, $875.0 million in variable-rate debt is swapped for a weighted average fixed interest rate base of approximately 2.68% in 2020 and 2.91% from 2021 through 2025.
Commodity Contracts - Certain commodities the Company uses in the production and distribution of its products are exposed to market price risk. The Company utilizes derivative contracts to manage this risk. The majority of commodity forward contracts are not derivatives, and those that are generally qualify for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception under the guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities and, therefore, are not subject to its provisions. For derivative commodity contracts that do not qualify for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception, the Company accounts for the contracts as derivatives.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The Company’s derivative commodity contracts may include contracts for diesel, oil, plastics, natural gas, electricity, resin, and other commodity contracts that do not meet the requirements for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception. Diesel contracts are used to manage the Company’s risk associated with the underlying cost of diesel fuel used to deliver products. Contracts for oil, plastics, and resin are used to manage the Company’s risk associated with the underlying commodity cost of a significant component used in packaging materials. Contracts for natural gas and electricity are used to manage the Company’s risk associated with the utility costs of its manufacturing facilities, and other commodity contracts that are derivatives that do not meet the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are used to manage the price risk associated with raw material costs. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the notional value of the commodity contracts outstanding was $8.9 million and $58.8 million, respectively. These commodity contracts have maturities expiring throughout 2023 as of December 31, 2022.
Total Return Swap Contract - The Company has an economic hedge program that uses a total return swap contract to hedge the market risk associated with the unfunded portion of the Company's deferred compensation liability. The total return swap contract trades generally have a duration of one month and are rebalanced and re-hedged at the end of each monthly term. The total return swap contract is measured at fair value and recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in value being recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the notional value of the total return swap contract was $3.9 million and $7.0 million, respectively.
The following table identifies the fair value of each derivative instrument:
December 31,
2022 2021
(In millions)
Asset derivatives
Commodity contracts $ - $ 3.9
Interest rate swap agreements 27.2 -
$ 27.2 $ 3.9
Liability derivatives
Commodity contracts $ 0.3 $ 0.9
Interest rate swap agreements - 51.2
$ 0.3 $ 52.1
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, asset derivatives are included within Prepaid expense and other current assets for commodity contracts and Other assets, net for interest rate swap agreements, and liability derivatives are included within Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The fair values of the commodity contracts, interest rate swap agreements, and the total return swap contract are determined using Level 2 inputs. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable for an asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The fair values of the commodity contracts, interest rate swap agreements, and total return swap contract are based on an analysis comparing the contract rates to the market rates at the balance sheet date.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
We recognized the following gains and losses on our derivative contracts in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Location of Gain (Loss) Year Ended
December 31,
Recognized in Net (Loss) Income 2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Mark-to-market unrealized gain (loss):
Commodity contracts Other (income) expense, net $ (3.3) $ (8.9) $ 11.7
Interest rate swap agreements Other (income) expense, net 78.4 46.2 (41.7)
Total unrealized gain (loss) $ 75.1 $ 37.3 $ (30.0)
Realized gain (loss):
Commodity contracts Manufacturing related to Cost of sales and transportation related to Selling and distribution $ 17.8 $ 31.6 $ (9.8)
Interest rate swap agreements Interest expense (10.7) (24.9) (18.4)
Total return swap contract General and administrative (1.2) 1.0 -
Total realized gain (loss) $ 5.9 $ 7.7 $ (28.2)
Total gain (loss) $ 81.0 $ 45.0 $ (58.2)
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
22. DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUE, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS
The principal products that comprise our different product category groups are as follows:
Product Category Group Principal Products
Snacking Candy; cookies; crackers; in-store bakery items; pretzels; frozen griddle items, and snack bars
Beverages & drink mixes Broths/stocks; non-dairy creamer; powdered beverages and other blends; ready-to-drink beverages; single serve beverages; and tea
Grocery Cheese & pudding; hot cereal; pickles; and refrigerated dough
Revenue disaggregated by product category groups is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Snacking $ 1,386.2 $ 1,142.7 $ 1,164.3
Beverages & drink mixes 1,136.2 975.2 1,018.1
Grocery 931.6 828.0 811.9
Total net sales $ 3,454.0 $ 2,945.9 $ 2,994.3
Revenue disaggregated by sales channel is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
(In millions)
Retail grocery $ 2,698.7 $ 2,299.0 $ 2,444.1
Co-manufacturing 505.9 421.8 369.1
Food-away-from-home and other 249.4 225.1 181.1
Total net sales $ 3,454.0 $ 2,945.9 $ 2,994.3
Geographic Information - The Company had net sales from customers outside of the United States of approximately 4.8%, 4.9%, and 4.2% of total consolidated net sales from continuing operations in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, with 3.7%, 3.8%, and 3.2% of total consolidated net sales from continuing operations going to Canada in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Net sales are determined based on the customer destination where the products are shipped.
Long-lived assets consist of net property, plant, and equipment. The geographic location of long-lived assets is as follows:
December 31,
2022 2021
(In millions)
Long-lived assets:
United States $ 580.4 $ 601.7
Canada 86.1 98.4
Total $ 666.5 $ 700.1
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Major Customers - Walmart Inc. and affiliates accounted for approximately 22.1%, 21.9%, and 23.0% of consolidated net sales from continuing operations in December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated net sales from continuing operations.
When taking into account those receivables sold under our Receivables Sales Program (refer to Note 5 for more information), Walmart Inc. and affiliates accounted for 11.2% of our total trade receivables as of December 31, 2022, and no other individual customer accounted for more than 10% of our total trade receivables. No individual customers accounted for more than 10% of our total trade receivables as of December 31, 2021.
23. QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)
The following is a summary of our unaudited quarterly results of operations for 2022:
Quarter
First Second Third Fourth
(In millions, except per share data)
Fiscal 2022
Net sales $ 772.6 $ 810.2 $ 875.0 $ 996.2
Gross profit 98.7 111.0 129.3 175.9
(Loss) income before income taxes from continuing operations (16.1) (31.8) (13.1) 53.2
Net (loss) income from continuing operations (13.8) (27.3) (15.1) 40.1
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations 10.8 (2.1) (75.4) (63.5)
Net (loss) income (3.0) (29.4) (90.5) (23.4)
Earnings (loss) per common share - basic:
Continuing operations $ (0.25) $ (0.49) $ (0.27) $ 0.71
Discontinued operations 0.19 (0.04) (1.34) (1.13)
Earnings (loss) per share - basic (1) $ (0.05) $ (0.53) $ (1.61) $ (0.42)
Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted:
Continuing operations $ (0.25) $ (0.49) $ (0.27) $ 0.71
Discontinued operations 0.19 (0.04) (1.34) (1.12)
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted (1) $ (0.05) $ (0.53) $ (1.61) $ (0.41)
(1)The sum of the individual per share amounts may not add due to rounding. In addition, the sum of the quarters may not equal the total year amount due to the impact of changes in average quarterly shares outstanding and rounding.
TREEHOUSE FOODS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following is a summary of our unaudited quarterly results of operations for 2021:
Quarter
First Second Third Fourth
(In millions, except per share data)
Fiscal 2021
Net sales $ 706.0 $ 671.9 $ 751.7 $ 816.3
Gross profit 117.0 101.9 125.9 121.9
Loss before income taxes from continuing operations (26.6) (34.0) (4.5) (37.1)
Net loss from continuing operations (20.0) (26.0) (4.1) (30.8)
Net income from discontinued operations 21.5 34.4 10.8 1.7
Net income (loss) 1.5 8.4 6.7 (29.1)
Earnings (loss) per common share - basic:
Continuing operations $ (0.36) $ (0.46) $ (0.07) $ (0.55)
Discontinued operations 0.38 0.61 0.19 0.03
Earnings (loss) per share - basic (1) $ 0.03 $ 0.15 $ 0.12 $ (0.52)
Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted:
Continuing operations $ (0.36) $ (0.46) $ (0.07) $ (0.55)
Discontinued operations 0.38 0.61 0.19 0.03
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted (1) $ 0.03 $ 0.15 $ 0.12 $ (0.52)
(1)The sum of the individual per share amounts may not add due to rounding. In addition, the sum of the quarters may not equal the total year amount due to the impact of changes in average quarterly shares outstanding and rounding.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, in a manner that allows timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The scope of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 includes all of the Company’s subsidiaries. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. This report is included with this Form 10-K.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information
None.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information required by this item about our directors and executive officers is included in our Proxy Statement ("2023 Proxy Statement") to be filed with the SEC in connection with our 2023 annual meeting of the stockholders under the headings, Executive Officers, Biographical Information of Director Nominees and Continuing Directors, and Election of Directors (Proposal 1) and is incorporated herein by reference.
Information about compliance with the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act, by our executive officers and directors, persons who own more than ten percent of our common stock, and their affiliates who are required to comply with such reporting requirements, is included in our 2023 Proxy Statement under the headings, Stock Ownership - Security Ownership of Management and Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports and is incorporated herein by reference. Information about the Audit Committee, Audit Committee members and the Audit Committee Financial Expert is included in our 2023 Proxy Statement under the heading, Board Structure, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Our Code of Ethics, which is applicable to all of our employees and directors, is available on our corporate website at http://www.treehousefoods.com, along with the Corporate Governance Guidelines of our Board of Directors and the charters of the Committees of our Board of Directors. Any waivers that we may grant to our executive officers or directors under the Code of Ethics, and any amendments to our Code of Ethics, will be posted on our corporate website within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver. Any of these items or any of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission are available in print to any shareowner who requests them. Requests should be sent to Investor Relations, TreeHouse Foods, Inc., 2021 Spring Road, Suite 600, Oak Brook, IL 60523.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is included in the 2023 Proxy Statement under the headings, Stock Ownership, Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Executive Compensation, Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation, and Report of the Compensation Committee and is incorporated herein by reference. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this report, the Report of the Compensation Committee section of the 2023 Proxy Statement shall be deemed to be "furnished" and not "filed" for purposes of the Exchange Act.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information about our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options under all of our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2022:
Plan Category (a)
Number of Securities
to be Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights (b)
Weighted-average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights (c)
Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance under
Equity Compensation
Plans (excluding
securities reflected in
Column (a))
(in millions) (in millions)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders:
TreeHouse Foods, Inc. Equity and Incentive Plan 2.6 (1) $ 72.09 (2) 1.3
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders:
None - - -
Total 2.6 $ 72.09 1.3
(1)Includes 0.7 million restricted stock units and 0.6 million performance unit awards outstanding under the TreeHouse Foods, Inc. Equity and Incentive Plan.
(2)Restricted stock units and performance units do not have an exercise price because their value is dependent upon continued employment over a period of time or the achievement of performance conditions. Accordingly, we have disregarded the restricted stock units and performance units for purposes of computing the weighted-average exercise price.
The information related to the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management required by this item is included in the 2023 Proxy Statement under the heading, Stock Ownership - Security Ownership of Management and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is included in the 2023 Proxy Statement under the heading, Corporate Governance and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item is included in the 2023 Proxy Statement under the heading, Fees Billed by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K.
Page
1. Financial Statements filed as a part of this document under Item 8.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Schedules other than those listed above have been omitted because such schedules are not applicable or the related amounts are immaterial for all periods presented.
3. Exhibits