EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 941685
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 941685_10-K_2021_0001654954-21-003840.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS
ImageWare Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation, has its principal place of business at 11440 West Bernardo Court, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92127. We maintain a corporate website at www.iwsinc.com. Our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), is currently listed for quotation on the OTCQB marketplace under the symbol “IWSY”. As used in this Annual Report, “we”, “us”, “our”, “ImageWare”, “ImageWare Systems” or the “Company” refers to ImageWare Systems, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries.
Overview
ImageWare Systems, Inc. (“ImageWare,” the “Company,” “we,” “our”) provides defense-grade biometric identification and authentication solutions to safeguard your data, products, services or facilities. We are experts in biometric authentication and considered a preeminent patent holder of multimodal biometrics IP, having many of the most-cited patents in the industry. Our patented IWS Biometric Engine® is one of the most accurate and fastest biometrics matching engines in the industry, capable of our patented biometrics fusion. Part of our heritage is in law enforcement, having built the first statewide digital booking platform for United States local law enforcement in the late 1990’s - and having more than three decades of experience in the challenging government sector creating biometric smart cards and logical access for millions of individuals. We are a “biometrics first” company, leveraging unique human characteristics to provide unparalleled accuracy for identification while protecting your identity.
The Company’s products also provide law enforcement and public safety sector with integrated biographic, mugshot, SMT, and fingerprint capture for booking, in addition to investigative capabilities. The Company also provides comprehensive authentication security software using biometrics to secure physical and logical access to facilities, computer networks or Internet sites. Biometric technology is now an integral part of all markets that the Company addresses, and every product leverages our patented IWS Biometric Engine®.
The IWS Biometric Engine® is a patented biometric identity and authentication database built for multi-biometric enrollment, management and authentication. It is hardware agnostic and can utilize different types of biometric algorithms. It allows different types of biometrics to be operated at the same time on a seamlessly integrated platform. It is also offered as a Software Development Kit (“SDK”), enabling developers and system integrators to implement biometric solutions or integrate biometric capabilities, into existing applications.
Our secure credential solutions empower customers to design and create smart digital identification wristbands and badges for access control systems. We develop, sell and support software and design systems that utilize digital imaging and biometrics for photo identification cards, credentials and identification systems. Our products in this market consist of IWS EPI Suite and IWS EPI Builder. These products allow for production of digital identification badges and related databases and records and can be used by, among others, schools, airports, hospitals, corporations and governments. We have added the ability to incorporate multiple biometrics into the ID systems with the integration of IWS Biometric Engine®.
The Company is also a developer of a biometric based multi-factor authentication (“MFA”) Cloud-based service. ImageWare Authenticate (formerly, GoVerify ID®) brings together Cloud and mobile technologies to offer biometric multi-factor authentication for the enterprise, and across industries. ImageWare Authenticate consists of mobile and desktop clients, and the backend system which is a Cloud-based Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) servicing Cloud-based biometric template matching requests. ImageWare Authenticate comes in two offerings, Workforce and Customer. ImageWare Authenticate Customer is leveraged by product developers to enable biometric authentication for their consumers. For the enterprise, ImageWare Authenticate Workforce provides turnkey integration with Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Active Directory, CA SSO, IBM Security Access Manager (“ISAM”), SAP Cloud Platform, Fujitsu's RunMyProcess, Palo Alto Networks VPN and HPE’s Aruba ClearPass. These integrations provide multi-modal biometric authentication to replace or augment passwords for use with enterprise and consumer class systems.
Our law enforcement solutions enable agencies to quickly capture, archive, search, retrieve, and share digital images, fingerprints and other biometrics, as well as criminal history records on a stand-alone, networked, wireless or Web-based platform. We develop, sell and support a suite of modular software products used by law enforcement and public safety agencies to create and manage criminal history records and to investigate crime. Our IWS Law Enforcement solution consists of five software modules: Capture and Investigative modules, which provide a criminal booking system with related databases, as well as the ability to create and print mug photo/scars, marks, and tattoos (SMT), as well as image lineups and electronic mug-books; a Facial Recognition module, which uses biometric facial recognition to identify suspects; a Web module, which provides access to centrally stored records over the Internet in a connected or wireless fashion; and a LiveScan module, which incorporates LiveScan capabilities into IWS Law Enforcement platform providing integrated fingerprint and palm print biometric management for civil and law enforcement use. The IWS Biometric Engine® is also available to our law enforcement clients and allows them to capture and search using multiple biometrics.
Recent Developments
New Products
In July 2020, we introduced BioIntellic™, our standalone, highly scalable anti-spoofing detection feature (embedded in the IWS Biometric Engine®) to ensure secure onboarding. BioIntellic™ bolsters our joint offering with our existing proofing partner in the African market, Contactable, and also supports our existing MTN business as well as drives new business in the African region and beyond.
In October 2021, we completed a new QuickCapture Mobile software product that resides on the Laxton Chameleon 5 and 8 devices. QuickCapture Mobile will be an inherent part of our newest generation law enforcement platform, called LE 2.0. This powerful solution allows officers, public safety and military personnel in the field to have dynamic data on a perpetrator in the palm of their hands.
In December 2020, we reached code completion of our GoVerifyID product, now renamed to Imageware Authenticate, which introduced a new administration portal for easier management and usability of the product along with compatibility with many other 3rd party identity and Cloud services, through the inclusion of identity protocols SAML and OIDC.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. As of March 2021, the global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve, and the extent to which COVID-19 may impact our business and markets we serve will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken both in the United States and other countries. We are continuing to vigilantly monitor the situation with our primary focus on health and safety of our employees and clients.
The Series D Financing
On November 12, 2020 and December 23, 2020, the Company consummated private placements of 12,060 shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Series D Preferred"), resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $12.06 million, less fees and expenses (the “Series D Financing”). The gross proceeds include approximately $2.2 million in principal amount due and payable under the terms of certain term loans issued by the Company on September 29, 2020 (“Bridge Notes”), which Bridge Notes were converted into Series D Preferred at Closing (the “Conversion”). The issuance of the Series D Preferred was made pursuant to securities purchase agreements, dated September 28, 2020 (the "Purchase Agreement"), by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (the "Purchasers"), for the sale of the Series D Preferred at a purchase price of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred. The holders of Series D Preferred may voluntarily convert their shares of Series D Preferred into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at any time that is at least ninety days following the issuance date, at the conversion price calculated by dividing the Stated Value by the conversion price of $0.0583 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustments as set forth in Section 5(e) of the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series D Certificate"). Dividends on shares of Series D Preferred will be paid prior to any junior securities, and are to be paid at the rate of 4% of the Stated Value (as defined in the Series D Certificate) per share per annum in the form of shares of Series D Preferred.
On the fourth anniversary of the Issuance Date (as defined in the Series D Certificate), or in the event of the consummation of a Change of Control (as defined in the Series D Certificate), if any shares of Series D Preferred are outstanding, then each holder of Series D Preferred shall have the right (the “Holder Redemption Right”), at such holder’s option, to require the Company to redeem all or any portion of such holder’s shares of Series D Preferred at the Liquidation Preference Amount per share of Series D Preferred plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends, if any, (such price, the “Holder Redemption Price”), which Holder Redemption Price shall be paid in cash.
In connection with the sale of the Series D Preferred, we granted certain registration rights to the Investors with respect to the Conversion Shares and Dividend Shares, pursuant to a Registration Rights Agreement by and among us and the Investors. The registration statement registering the Conversion Shares and Dividend Shares was declared effective by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 12, 2021.
Solutions and Products
We are a "biometrics first" security company who brings the highest level of security to systems, data and places, by identifying and authenticating people through biometrics. Our solutions are focused on biometrics and secure credentials providing complete, cross-functional interoperable systems and an open architecture.
IWS Biometric Engine. This is a biometric identity and authentication database for multi-biometric enrollment, management and authentication, managing population databases of unlimited sizes without regard to hardware or algorithm. Searches can be 1:1 (verification), 1:N (identification), and N:N (database integrity). IWS Biometric Engine is biometric agnostic, enabling the use of biometric devices and algorithms from any vendor, and with current support of the following biometric types: finger, face, iris, palm, and voice. We leverage the IWS Biometric Engine® to create products that provide government, law enforcement, public safety, border management and enterprise businesses, with a wide variety of solutions that address specific problems, mandates and technology standards.
ImageWare Authenticate. The Company introduced GoVerify ID®, now known as ImageWare Authenticate, a multi-factor biometric authentication, MFA product, for the enterprise markets on November 14, 2016. ImageWare Authenticate supports multimodal biometric Cloud-based matching and authentication including, but not limited to, face, voice, fingerprint, iris, palm, and more. All the biometrics can be combined with authentication and access control tools, including tokens, digital certificates, passwords, and PINS, to provide the ultimate level of assurance, accountability, and ease of use for corporate networks, web applications, mobile devices, and PC desktop environments. ImageWare Authenticate provides multimodal biometric identity authentication that can be used in place of passwords or as a strong second factor authentication method. ImageWare Authenticate is provided as a Cloud-based SaaS solution, thereby, eliminating complex IT deployment of biometric software and eliminating startup costs. ImageWare Authenticate works with existing mobile devices, eliminating the need for specialized biometric scanning devices typically used with most biometric solutions. We enhanced the product and completed this work on December 31, 2020. We relaunched ImageWare Authenticate on February 1, 2021.
IWS EPI Suite. This is an ID software solution for producing, issuing, and managing secure credentials and personal identification cards, also called biometric smart badges. It is used by many human resource departments, along with other corporate groups, to enroll employees and print physical badges which may be used later for physical access. Users can efficiently manage large amounts of data, images and card designs, as well as track and issue multiple cards per person, automatically populate multiple cards and eliminate redundant data entry. IWS EPI Suite was designed to integrate with our customers’ existing security and computing infrastructure. We believe that this compatibility may be an appealing feature to corporations, government agencies, transportation departments, schools, and other public institutions.
IWS EPI Builder. This is an SDK and a leading secure credential component of identity management and security solutions, providing all aspects of ID functionality from image and biometric capture to the enrollment, issuance and management of secure documents. It contains components which developers or systems integrators can use to support and produce secure credentials, including national IDs, passports, International Civil Aviation Office -compliant travel documents, smartcards and driver licenses. IWS EPI Builder enables organizations to develop custom identification solutions or incorporate sophisticated identification capabilities into existing applications including the ability to capture images, biometric and demographic data; enable biometric identification and verification (1:1 and 1:X); as well as support numerous biometric hardware and software vendors. It also enables users to add electronic identification functionality for other applications, including access control, tracking of time and attendance, point of sale transactions, human resource systems, school photography systems, asset management, inventory control, warehouse management, facilities management and card production systems. We intend to update the EPI Suite and Builder platforms in late 2021 and offer these products in the Cloud.
IWS Law Enforcement. IWS Law Enforcement is a digital booking, identification and investigative platform that enables users to digitally capture, store, search and retrieve images and demographic data, including mugshots and line ups, fingerprints and scars, marks and tattoos (SMT’s). Law enforcement may choose between submitting fingerprint data directly to the State Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“AFIS”), FBI criminal repository, or other agencies as required. Additional features and functionality include real-time access to images and data, creation of photo lineups or electric mug books, and production of identification cards and credentials. IWS Law Enforcement also uses off-the-shelf, biometric hardware and is designed to comply with open industry standards so that it can operate on an array of systems ranging from a stand-alone personal computer or handheld to larger, integrated systems. To avoid duplication of entries, the system can be integrated easily with several other information storage and retrieval systems, such as a records/jail management system (“RMS/JMS”) or an automated fingerprint identification system. We intend to update the Law Enforcement platform in first half of 2021 and offer the full suite in the Cloud as a SaaS offering.
The IWS Law Enforcement platform contains the following components:
Capture. This software module allows users to capture and store a variety of images (facial, SMT and others such as evidence photos) as well as biographical text information. Each record includes images and text information in an easy-to-view format made up of fields designed and defined by the individual agency. Current customers of this module range from agencies that capture a few thousand mug shots per year to those that capture hundreds of thousands of mug shots each year.
LiveScan. This software module is FBI certified and complies with the FBI Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“IAFIS”) Image Quality Specifications (“IQS”) while utilizing FBI certified LiveScan devices from most major vendors. LiveScan allows users to capture single to ten prints and palm data, providing an integrated biometric management solution for both civil and law enforcement use. By adding LiveScan capabilities, law enforcement organizations further enhance the investigative process by providing additional identifiers to identify suspects involved in a crime. In addition, officers no longer need to travel to multiple booking stations to capture fingerprints and mugshots. All booking information, including images, may be located at a central designation and from there routed to the State AFIS or FBI criminal history record repository.
Investigative. This software module allows users to search the database created with IWS Law Enforcement. Officers can conduct text searches in many fields, including file number, name, alias, distinctive features, and other information, such as gang membership and criminal history. The Investigative module creates a catalogue of possible matches, allowing officers or witnesses to save time by looking only at mug shots that closely resemble the description of the suspect. This module can also be used to create a line-up of similar facial images from which a witness may identify the suspect.
EPI Designer for Law Enforcement. The EPI Designer for LE software is a design solution created for the IWS Law Enforcement databases based on the IWS EPI Suite program. This program allows integration with various IWS databases for the production of unique booking/inmate reports, wristbands, photo ID cards, Wanted or BOLO fliers, etc., created from the information stored in booking records. Designs can be created in minutes and quickly added to the IWS Law Enforcement system, allowing all users with appropriate permissions immediate access to the newly added form.
Quick Capture. Quick Capture is a multiple biometric capture application that dynamically adapts to a client’s required use case, including different city, state, and federal charge codes. With it, you can collect a variety of biometrics (face, finger, palm, iris, voice, etc.) using a variety of biometric hardware in the order desired as well as any needed biographic information associated with the subjects.
BioIntellic. BioIntellic is a facial matching and anti-spoofing product integrated into ImageWare Authenticate. It is designed to prevent presentation attacks, by ensuring the captured biometric image is that of a live individual, not a picture of 3D mask. BioIntellic is also available as a standalone product, enabling companies to quickly integrate facial matching and liveness detection into their offerings.
Maintenance and Customer Support
Maintenance and support enrollment entitles software license customers to technical support services, including telephone and email support, problem resolution services, and the right to receive unspecified product upgrades, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period. Maintenance and support service fees are an important source of recurring revenue, and we invest continuing resources into providing maintenance and support services.
Customers
We have a wide variety of domestic and international customers. Most of our IWS Law Enforcement customers are government agencies at the federal, state and local levels in the United States and Canada, but we also have clients outside of North America. For the year ended December 31, 2020, two customers accounted for approximately 61% or $2,921,000 of total revenue and had trade receivables of approximately $250,000 as of the end of the year. For the year ended December 31, 2019, two customers accounted for approximately 37% or $1,301,000 of total revenue and had trade receivables of approximately $161,000 as of the end of the year.
Our Strategy
Our strategy is to be a “biometric first” cybersecurity company bringing the highest level of security to systems, data and places by identifying and authenticating people through biometrics. We sell to governments, law enforcement and public safety, as well as enterprises, through key partners and large systems integrators and with our own direct sales team.
With recent COVID-19 events, remote work and social distancing have quickly been brought to the forefront of society. And while the impact of these events will be seen in the coming years, many problems have been immediately realized by corporations and government agencies, who are diligently looking for solutions to operate in a new business environment.
Within a matter of weeks, corporations and government agencies have had to heavily rely upon remote access technologies to enable work continuity through the pandemic. This increase in employees remotely accessing sensitive corporate systems has increased the risk of both cybercrime and unintentional information leaks. This risk is also increased by the fact that many employees now use a mixture of personal and corporate owned devices on the job, a trend known as, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD).
Verification of an individual through biometrics is an effective way to authenticate users accessing sensitive information and systems. ImageWare Authenticate provides this functionality and is already integrated in many of the authentication systems leveraged by large companies and agencies to manage the identities of their employees and users. We will market and sell ImageWare Authenticate as a solution for protecting corporate data to the most relevant business verticals during this time of increased susceptibility to broad cyberattacks, such as malware, viruses, trojans, ransomware infections and phishing attacks.
Additionally, social distancing and the need to limit personal contact throughout everyday life is driving governments and corporations to deploy new ways to continue work and commerce while minimizing contact points between individuals. We believe this trend will increase the acceptance and use of biometrics as a means of contactless and touchless authentication for health, retail, finance/banking, government services, higher education and transportation.
Scaling out biometrics across these verticals is going to require new methods and solutions to support the increased number of users and transactions. With our decades of experience innovating and scaling government grade biometric solutions and our years executed strategy of creating multimodal, vendor agnostic solutions, ImageWare has had a rich portfolio of products and solutions to address these new challenges brought on by the pandemic. 
Additionally, the law enforcement community continues to be an important market and customer base. Over the past few years, innovation within our law enforcement product line has been static, which has resulted in revenue being primarily driven from support and maintenance. Recently ImageWare released a new product offering to the law enforcement sector called, QuickCapture Mobile. Quick Capture Mobile streamlines the process of capturing biometrics from perpetrators on a mobile, PC-based device, in the field. The law enforcement market will immediately benefit from this product. We believe we can develop the Quick Capture product to service other verticals such as; corporate, telecommunications, academia, hospitality and entertainment.
We believe the increasing demand for biometric technology will drive demand for our solutions. In the coming year, we will work to develop an Identity Platform, which combines all of our products onto one end-to-end, Cloud-based platform, allowing large clients to do enrollments (Enroll, Verify, Credential and Authenticate). The building blocks of the Identity Platform consist of upgrades to our current standalone products (IWS LE, EPI Builder, and ImageWare Authenticate) as well as a new identity proofing product, to be developed to verify the authenticity of government issued IDs. The Enroll, Verify, Credential and Authenticate workflow, is foundational to the majority of governments and corporate opportunities we compete for, and therefore, a key to the Identity Platform. This single platform which allows a customer to create a digital identity fully vetted against a government issued ID, use it thereafter for a reliable biometric authentication and manage that identity through its life cycle is compelling. We are scheduling the Identity Platform to be completed in late 2021.
Sales and Marketing
We market and sell our products in most major world markets directly through our salesforce and indirectly through channel partners, including resellers, distributors and systems integrators. Our sales force includes both field, and inside sales, which provides us a lower-cost channel for additional sales into existing customers and for expanding our customer base.
International Operations
We are a global company. We are headquartered in San Diego, California with a remote office in Ottawa, Canada. Our main business operations are based in San Diego, California. We regularly seek out opportunities to efficiently expand our operations in international locations that offer highly talented resources as a way to maximize our global competitiveness.
Software Licenses
The bulk of our revenue presently is generated from new subscription and historical maintenance payments for our software solutions for Law Enforcement, Badging, Identity Management, and Multi-factor Access, MFA.  We currently have four primary revenue sources:
- Annual Maintenance of our Law Enforcement Solution;
- Perpetual license revenue of our Badging Solution;
- Term Subscriptions of our ImageWare Authenticate solution; and  
- Professional Services fees associated with implementation and training for our customers.
We are actively engaged in simplifying our revenue sources, migrating our existing customers Annual Maintenance, and perpetual license agreements to more consistent and sustainable subscription models.
Software as a Service Business Model
We also provide an on-demand SaaS offering for ImageWare Authenticate. SaaS offerings will be offered on a subscription term-limited basis. We are exploring offering additional products as SaaS offerings on a subscription term-limited basis.
Competition
Biometric Market
The market to provide biometric systems to the identity management market is evolving and we face competition from a number of sources. We believe that the strength of our competitive position is based on:
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Our ability to provide a system which enables the enrollment, management and authentication of multiple biometrics managing population databases of unlimited sizes;
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Searches can be 1:1 (verification), 1:N (identification), and N:N (database integrity); and
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The system is technology and biometric agnostic, enabling the use of biometric devices and algorithms from any vendor, and the support of the following biometric types: finger, face, iris, palm and voice
Our multifactor-biometric product faces competition from Duo, HYPR, Daon and Aware Inc., none of which have offerings with the scope and flexibility of our IWS Biometric Engine and its companion suite of products or relevant patent protection.
Credential Market
Due to the breadth of our software offering in the secure credential market space, we face differing degrees of competition in certain market segments. The strength of our competitive position is based upon:
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our strong brand reputation with a customer base, which includes small and medium-sized businesses, Fortune 1000 corporations and large government agencies;
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the ease of integrating our technology into other complex applications;
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the leveraged strength that comes from offering customers software tools, packaged solutions and web-based service applications that support a wide range of hardware peripherals; and
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traditional NFC access control systems are easily hacked
Our software faces competition from a number of companies, like HID Global, ASSA ABLOY, Gemalto, as well as small, regionally based companies.
The Law Enforcement and Public Safety Markets
Due to the fragmented nature of the law enforcement and public safety market and the modular nature of our product suite, we face different degrees of competition with respect to each IWS Law Enforcement module. We believe the principal bases on which we compete with respect to all of our products are:
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the unique ability to integrate our modular products into a complete biometric, LiveScan, imaging and investigative system;
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our reputation as a reliable systems supplier;
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the usability and functionality of our products;
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the responsiveness, availability and reliability of our customer support; and
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hardware agnostic across many biometric vendors.
Our law enforcement product line faces competition from other companies such as DataWorks Plus, Idemia, Gemalto and NEC. Internationally, there are often a number of local companies offering solutions in most countries.
Intellectual Property
We rely on trademark, patent, trade secret and copyright laws and confidentiality and license agreements to protect our intellectual property. We have several federally registered trademarks, including the trademark ImageWare and IWS Biometric Engine, as well as trademarks for which there are pending trademark registrations with the United States, Canadian and other International Patent & Trademark Offices.
We hold several issued patents and have several other patent applications pending for elements of our products. We believe we have the foundational patents regarding the use of multiple biometrics and continue to be an IP leader in the biometric arena. It is our belief that this intellectual property leadership will create a sustainable competitive advantage.
We are an early pioneer of patents related to multi-modal biometrics and currently are a worldwide leader in multi-modal biometric patents, with 27 issued patents worldwide and 14 pending or allowed patent applications worldwide as well. The Company’s patents are as follows:
US Issued Patents - 17
US Allowed Patents - 1
US Patent Applications - 3
International Issued Patents - 10
International Patent Applications - 10
Total Worldwide Issued Patents - 27
Total Worldwide Allowed Patents - 1
Total Worldwide Patent Applications - 14
Employees
We had a total of 44 full-time employees as of December 31, 2020. In 2020, we had 40 employees based in the United States, three employees based in Canada and one employee based in Mexico. Our employees are not covered by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.
Environmental Regulation
Our business does not require us to comply with any particular environmental regulations.
Additional Available Information
We make available, free of charge, at our corporate website www.iwsinc.com copies of our annual reports filed with the SEC on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and all amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. We also provide copies of our Forms 8-K, 10-K, 10-Q, and proxy statements at no charge to investors upon request. Additionally, all reports filed by us with the SEC are available free of charge via EDGAR through the SEC website at www.sec.gov.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to significant risks. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this Annual Report, including our financial statements and related notes, before you decide to invest in our Common Stock. If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occur, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially harmed, the trading price of our Common Stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we currently believe may materially affect us; however, they may not be the only ones that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are unaware or currently deem immaterial may also become important factors that may harm our business. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligations to update any risk factors.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
Available cash resources will be insufficient to provide for our working capital needs for the next twelve months. As a result, we will need to raise additional capital to continue as a going concern.
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had negative working capital of $19,349,000 and $1,653,000, respectively. Our principal source of liquidity at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $8,345,000 and $1,030,000, respectively. Considering the financings consummated in 2020, as well as our projected cash requirements, and assuming we are unable to generate incremental revenue, our available cash will be insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements for the next twelve months from the date of this filing. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. To address our working capital requirements, management intends to seek additional equity and/or debt financing through the issuance of additional debt and/or equity securities and may seek strategic or other transactions intended to increase shareholder value. There are currently no formal committed financing arrangements to support our projected cash shortfall, including commitments to purchase additional debt and/or equity securities, or other agreements, and no assurances can be given that we will be successful in raising additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity securities, or entering into any other transaction that addresses our ability to continue as a going concern.
We have a history of significant recurring losses totaling approximately $213.2 million at December 31, 2020 and $203.2 million and December 31, 2019, and these losses may continue in the future.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $213.2 million and $203.2 million, respectively, and these losses may continue in the future. We expect to continue to incur significant sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expense. As a result, we will need to generate significant revenue to achieve profitability, and we may never achieve profitability.
Our loan under the Paycheck Protection Program may not be forgiven or may subject us to challenges and investigations regarding qualification for the loan.
We have received loan proceeds in the amount of approximately $1.57 million under the Payroll Protection Program (“PPP Loan”), which was established under the CARES Act and is administered by the SBA (“PPP”). Under the terms of the CARES Act, PPP Loan recipients can apply for loan forgiveness. The potential loan forgiveness for all or a portion of PPP Loan is determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loan proceeds over the 24 weeks after the loan proceeds are disbursed for payment of payroll costs and any payments of mortgage interest, rent, and utilities. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if PPP Loan recipients terminate employees or reduce salaries during the covered period. The unforgiven portion of our PPP Loan, if any, is payable over two years at an interest rate of 1%, with a deferral of payments for the first six months. We have utilized all the proceeds from the PPP Loan for purposes consistent with the PPP. While we currently believe that our use of the loan proceeds will meet the conditions for forgiveness of the PPP Loan, the Series D Financing may affect the Company's ability to have the PPP Loan forgiven under the PPP and there can be no assurance that forgiveness for any portion of the PPP Loan will be obtained.
Additionally, the Company is evaluating whether the Series D Financing will prevent the Company from qualifying for loan forgiveness. In the event the SBA determines that the Series D Financing disqualifies the Company for loan forgiveness under the PPP, the Company will be required to repay all $1.57 million of the PPP Loan by May 4, 2022, with interest accruing at 1%.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past. These fluctuations in operating results are the consequence of the following, amongst other things:
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varying demand for and market acceptance of our technology and products;
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changes in our product or customer mix;
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the gain or loss of one or more key customers or their key customers, or significant changes in the financial condition of one or more of our key customers or their key customers;
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our ability to introduce, certify and deliver new products and technologies on a timely basis;
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the announcement or introduction of products and technologies by our competitors;
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competitive pressures on selling prices;
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costs associated with acquisitions and the integration of acquired companies, products and technologies;
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our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies, products and technologies;
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our accounting and legal expense; and
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general economic conditions.
These factors, some of which are not within our control, will likely continue in the future. To respond to these and other factors, we may need to make business decisions that could result in failure to meet financial expectations. If our quarterly operating results fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price could drop suddenly and significantly. Most of our expense, such as employee compensation and inventory, is relatively fixed in the short term. Moreover, our expense levels are based, in part, on our expectations regarding future revenue levels. As a result, if our revenue for a particular period was below our expectations, we may not be able to proportionately reduce our operating expense for that period. Any revenue shortfall would have a disproportionately negative effect on our operating results for the period.
We depend upon a small number of large system sales ranging from $100,000 to in excess of several million dollars and we may fail to achieve one or more large system sales in the future.
Historically, we have derived a substantial portion of our revenue from a small number of sales of large, relatively expensive systems, typically ranging in price from $100,000 to $2,000,000. If we fail to receive orders for these large systems in a given sales cycle on a consistent basis, our business could be significantly harmed. Further, our quarterly results are difficult to predict because we cannot predict in which quarter, if any, large system sales will occur in a given year. As a result, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results of operations are not a good indication of our future performance. In some future quarters, our operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, in which case the market price of our Common Stock may decrease significantly.
Our lengthy sales cycle may cause us to expend significant resources for one year or more in anticipation of a sale to certain customers, yet we still may fail to complete the sale.
When considering the purchase of a large identity management product, potential customers may take as long as eighteen months to evaluate different solutions and obtain approval for the purchase. Under these circumstances, if we fail to complete a sale, we will have expended significant resources and received no revenue in return. Generally, customers consider a wide range of issues before committing to purchase our products, including product benefits, ability to operate with their current systems, product reliability and their own budgetary constraints. While potential customers are evaluating our products, we may incur substantial selling costs and expend significant management resources in an effort to accomplish potential sales that may never occur. In times of economic recession, our potential customers may be unwilling or unable to commit resources to the purchase of new and costly systems.
A number of our customers and potential customers are local, state, and federal government agencies that are subject to unique political and budgetary constraints and have special contracting requirements, which may affect our ability to obtain new and retain current government customers.
A significant number of our customers are government agencies. These agencies often do not set their own budgets and therefore have little control over the amount of money they can spend from quarter-to-quarter or year-to-year. In addition, these agencies experience political pressure that may dictate the manner in which they spend money. Due to political and budgetary processes and other scheduling delays that may frequently occur relating to the contract or bidding process, some government agency orders may be canceled or substantially delayed, and the receipt of revenue or payments from these agencies may be substantially delayed. In addition, future sales to government agencies will depend on our ability to meet government contracting requirements, certain of which may be onerous or impossible to meet, resulting in our inability to obtain a particular contract. Common requirements in government contracts include bonding requirements, provisions permitting the purchasing agency to modify or terminate at will the contract without penalty, and provisions permitting the agency to perform investigations or audits of our business practices, any of which may limit our ability to enter into new contracts or maintain our current contracts.
Two customers accounted for approximately 61% of our total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020, and two customers accounted for approximately 37% of our total revenue during the year ended December 31, 2019. In the event of any material decrease in revenue from these customers, or if we are unable to replace the revenue through the sale of our products to additional customers, our financial condition and results from operations could be materially and adversely affected.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, two customers accounted for approximately 61% or $2,921,000 of our total revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2019, two customers accounted for approximately 37% or $1,301,000 of our total revenue. If these customers were to significantly reduce their relationship with the Company, or in the event that we are unable to replace the revenue through the sale of our products to additional customers, our financial condition and results from operations could be negatively impacted, and such impact would be material.
We face competition from companies with greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources, and, if we are unable to compete effectively with these competitors, our market share may decline and our business could be harmed.
We face competition from other established companies. A number of our competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, significantly greater financial, technological, sales, marketing and other resources than we do. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or client requirements, more quickly develop new products or devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products and services than we can. Likewise, their greater capabilities in these areas may enable them to better withstand periodic downturns in the identity management solutions industry and compete more effectively on the basis of price and production. In addition, new companies may enter the markets in which we compete, further increasing competition in the identity management solutions industry.
We believe that our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including the type and quality of our products and the strength of our brand names, as well as many factors beyond our control. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors, and increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced profit margins, loss of market share and an inability to generate cash flows that are sufficient to maintain or expand the development and marketing of new products, any of which would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR TECHNOLOGY
We occasionally rely on systems integrators to manage our large projects, and if these companies do not perform adequately, we may lose business.
We occasionally act as a subcontractor to systems integrators who manage large projects that incorporate our systems. We cannot control these companies, and they may decide not to promote our products or may price their services in such a way as to make it unprofitable for us to continue our relationship with them. Further, they may fail to perform under agreements with their customers, in which case we might lose sales to these customers. If we lose our relationships with these companies, our business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.
Some third parties integrate our software into their platforms or solutions. Any delay in the integration of our software or the launch of third-party products may materially affect our results from operations and financial condition.
We sell some of our software through larger product partners and/or resellers that will either resell our product alongside theirs, OEM a white label version of our products, or sell our products fully integrated into their offerings. In these cases, we are dependent upon the successful rollout of our products by our distribution partners. Any delays negatively affect our results from operations and financial condition.
If our security measures or those of our third-party data center hosting facilities, Cloud computing platform providers, or third-party service partners, are breached, and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s data, our data or our IT systems, or authorized access is blocked or disabled, our services may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop using our services, and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure and liabilities.
Our services involve the storage and transmission of our customers’ and our customers’ customers’ proprietary and other sensitive data, including financial information and other personally identifiable information. While we have security measures in place, they may be breached as a result of efforts by individuals or groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including state-sponsored organizations or nation-states. Our security measures could also be compromised by employee error or malfeasance, which could result in someone obtaining unauthorized access to, or denying authorized access to our IT systems, our customers’ data or our data, including our intellectual property and other confidential business information. Additionally, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords or other information to gain access to our customers’ data, our data or our IT systems.
We take extraordinary measures to ensure identity authentication of users who access critical IT infrastructure, including but not limited to, two-factor, multi-factor and biometric identity verification. This substantially reduces the threat of unauthorized access by bad actors using compromised user credentials.
Because the techniques used to breach, obtain unauthorized access to, or sabotage IT systems change frequently, grow more complex over time, and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate or implement adequate measures to prevent against such techniques.
Our services operate in conjunction with and are dependent on products and components across a broad ecosystem and, if there are security vulnerabilities in one of these components, a security breach could occur. In addition, our internal IT systems continue to evolve, and we are often early adapters of new technologies and new ways of sharing data and communicating internally and with partners and customers, which increases the complexity of our IT systems. These risks are mitigated by our ability to maintain and improve business and data governance policies and processes and internal security controls, including our ability to escalate and respond to known and potential risks.
In addition, our customers may authorize third-party technology providers to access their customer data, and some of our customers may not have adequate security measures in place to protect their data that is stored on our servers. Because we do not control our customers or third-party technology providers, or the processing of such data by third-party technology providers, we cannot ensure the integrity or security of such transmissions or processing. Malicious third parties may also conduct attacks designed to temporarily deny customers access to our services.
A security breach could expose us to a risk of loss or inappropriate use of proprietary and sensitive data, or the denial of access to this data. A security breach could also result in a loss of confidence in the security of our services, damage our reputation, negatively impact our future sales, disrupt our business and lead to legal liability. Finally, the detection, prevention and remediation of known or potential security vulnerabilities, including those arising from third-party hardware or software may result in additional direct and indirect costs, for example additional infrastructure capacity to mitigate any system degradation that could result from remediation efforts.
RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
If the patents we own or license, or our other intellectual property rights, do not adequately protect our products and technologies, we may lose market share to our competitors and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Our success depends significantly on our ability to protect our rights to the technologies used in our products. We rely on patent protection, trade secrets, as well as a combination of copyright and trademark laws and nondisclosure, confidentiality and other contractual arrangements to protect our technology. However, these legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep any competitive advantage. In addition, we cannot be assured that any of our current and future pending patent applications will result in the issuance of a patent to us. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”) may deny or require significant narrowing of claims in our pending patent applications, and patents issued as a result of the pending patent applications, if any, may not provide us with significant commercial protection or may not be issued in a form that is advantageous to us. We could also incur substantial costs in proceedings before the PTO. These proceedings could result in adverse decisions as to the claims included in our patents.
Our issued and licensed patents and those that may be issued or licensed in the future may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing related products. Additionally, upon expiration of our issued or licensed patents, we may lose some of our rights to exclude others from making, using, selling or importing products using the technology based on the expired patents. We also must rely on contractual rights with the third parties that license technology to us to protect our rights in the technology licensed to us. Although we have taken steps to protect our intellectual property and technology, there is no assurance that competitors will not be able to design around our patents. We also rely on unpatented proprietary technology. We cannot assure you that we can meaningfully protect all our rights in our unpatented proprietary technology or that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary products or processes or otherwise gain access to our unpatented proprietary technology. We seek to protect our know-how and other unpatented proprietary technology with confidentiality agreements and intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees. However, such agreements may not provide meaningful protection for our proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure or other breaches of the agreements or in the event that our competitors discover or independently develop similar or identical designs or other proprietary information. In addition, we rely on the use of registered and common law trademarks with respect to the brand names of some of our products. Our common law trademarks provide less protection than our registered trademarks. Loss of rights in our trademarks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. If we fail to apply for intellectual property protection or if we cannot adequately protect our intellectual property rights in these foreign countries, our competitors may be able to compete more effectively against us, which could adversely affect our competitive position, as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If third parties claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we may incur liabilities and costs and may have to redesign or discontinue selling certain products.
Whether a product infringes a patent involves complex legal and factual issues, the determination of which is often uncertain. We face the risk of claims that we have infringed on third parties’ intellectual property rights. Searching for existing intellectual property rights may not reveal important intellectual property and our competitors may also have filed for patent protection, which is not yet a matter of public knowledge, or claimed trademark rights that have not been revealed through our availability searches. Our efforts to identify and avoid infringing on third parties’ intellectual property rights may not always be successful. Any claims of patent or other intellectual property infringement, even those without merit, could:
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increase the cost of our products;
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be expensive and time consuming to defend;
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result in us being required to pay significant damages to third parties;
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force us to cease making or selling products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;
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require us to redesign, reengineer or rebrand our products;
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require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property, the terms of which may not be acceptable to us;
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require us to indemnify third parties pursuant to contracts in which we have agreed to provide indemnification to such parties for intellectual property infringement claims;
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divert the attention of our management; and
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result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of the affected products until the litigation is resolved.
In addition, new patents obtained by our competitors could threaten a product’s continued life in the market even after it has already been introduced.
REGULATORY AND LEGAL RISK FACTORS
Failure to comply with federal, state and international laws and regulations and our contractual obligations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
We collect and maintain significant amounts of personal data and other data relating to our customers and employees. A variety of federal, state and international laws and regulations, and certain industry standards, govern or apply to our collection, use, retention, sharing and security of consumer data. We are subject to certain laws, regulations, contractual obligations and industry standards (including, for example, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI-DSS) relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection, which are evolving and subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our practices. As a result, our practices may not comply or may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, requirements and obligations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our privacy policies or with any federal, state or international laws, regulations, industry self-regulatory principles, industry standards or codes of conduct, regulatory guidance, orders to which we may be subject or other legal or contractual obligations relating to privacy, data protection, information security or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other liabilities or require us to change our operations and/or cease or modify our use of certain data sets. Any such claim, proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, brand and business, force us to incur significant expenses in defense of such proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, result in a loss of customers and suppliers or an inability to process credit card payments and may result in the imposition of monetary penalties. We may also be contractually required to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any laws, regulations or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection or any inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure of data that we store or handle as part of operating our business.
Foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection often are more restrictive than those in the United States. The European Union, for example, traditionally has imposed stricter obligations under its laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection than the United States. In May 2018 the European Union's new regulation governing data practices and privacy called the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, became effective and substantially replaced the data protection laws of the individual European Union member states. The law requires companies to meet more stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data of individuals in the EU than were required under predecessor EU requirements. In the United Kingdom, a Data Protection Bill that substantially implements the GDPR also became law in May 2018. The law also increases the penalties for non-compliance, which may result in monetary penalties of up to €20.0 million or 4% of a company's worldwide turnover, whichever is higher. The GDPR and other similar regulations require companies to give specific types of notice and in some cases seek consent from consumers and other data subjects before collecting or using their data for certain purposes, including some marketing activities. Outside of the European Union, many countries have laws, regulations, or other requirements relating to privacy, data protection, information security, and consumer protection, and new countries are adopting such legislation or other obligations with increasing frequency. Many of these laws may require consent from consumers for the use of data for various purposes, including marketing, which may reduce our ability to market our products. There is no harmonized approach to these laws and regulations globally. Consequently, we increase our risk of non-compliance with applicable foreign data protection laws by operating internationally. We may need to change and limit the way we use personal information in operating our business and may have difficulty maintaining a single operating model that is compliant. In addition, various federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, or self-regulatory organizations, may expand current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection. For example, California recently adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), which provides new data privacy rights for consumers and new operational requirements for businesses. The CCPA includes a statutory damages framework and private rights of action against businesses that fail to comply with certain CCPA terms or implement reasonable security procedures and practices to prevent data breaches. The CCPA went into effect in January 2020. The effects of the CCPA potentially are significant, however, and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. As a general matter, compliance with laws, regulations, and any applicable rules or guidance from self-regulatory organizations relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection, may result in substantial costs and may necessitate changes to our business practices, which may compromise our growth strategy, adversely affect our ability to acquire customers, and otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
We may have additional tax assessments.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States. Significant judgments are required in determining our provisions for income taxes. In the course of preparing our tax provisions and returns, we must make calculations where the ultimate tax determination may be uncertain. Our tax returns are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and state tax authorities. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of these examinations. If the ultimate determination of taxes owed is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, our operating results, cash flows, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We operate in foreign countries and are exposed to risks associated with foreign political, economic and legal environments and with foreign currency exchange rates.
We have significant foreign operations. As a result, we are exposed to risks, including among others, risks associated with foreign political, economic and legal environments and with foreign currency exchange rates. Our results may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in government policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflation measures, currency conversions, collection of receivables abroad and rates and methods of taxation.
GOVERNANCE RISKS AND RISKS RELATED TO OUR SECURITIES
Our Common Stock is subject to “penny stock” rules.
Our Common Stock is currently defined as a “penny stock” under Rule 3a51-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act which are subject to Rules 15g-2 through 15g-7 and Rule 15g-9, which impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers that sell penny stocks to persons other than established customers and institutional accredited investors. Among other things, for transactions covered by these rules, a broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale. Consequently, these rules may affect the ability of broker-dealers to sell our Common Stock and affect the ability of holders to sell their shares of our Common Stock in the secondary market. To the extent our Common Stock is subject to the penny stock regulations, the market liquidity for our shares will be adversely affected.
Our stock price has been volatile, and your investment in our Common Stock could suffer a decline in value.
There has been significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities, which is unrelated to the financial performance of the companies issuing the securities. These broad market fluctuations may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock. You may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you pay for those shares due to fluctuations in the market price of our Common Stock caused by changes in our operating performance or prospects and other factors.
Some specific factors that may have a significant effect on our Common Stock market price include:
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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results or future prospects;
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our announcements or our competitors’ announcements of new products;
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the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
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strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
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new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
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changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;
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changes in our growth rates or our competitors’ growth rates;
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developments regarding our patents or proprietary rights or those of our competitors;
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our inability to raise additional capital as needed;
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substantial sales of Common Stock underlying warrants and preferred stock;
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concern as to the efficacy of our products;
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changes in financial markets or general economic conditions;
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sales of Common Stock by us or members of our management team; and
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changes in stock market analyst recommendations or earnings estimates regarding our Common Stock, other comparable companies or our industry generally.
Our future sales of our Common Stock could adversely affect its price and our future capital-raising activities could involve the issuance of equity securities, which would dilute shareholders’ investments and could result in a decline in the trading price of our Common Stock.
We may sell securities in the public or private equity markets if and when conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time. Sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our Common Stock and our ability to raise capital. We may issue additional Common Stock in future financing transactions or as incentive compensation for our executive management and other key personnel, consultants and advisors. Issuing any equity securities would be dilutive to the equity interests represented by our then-outstanding shares of Common Stock. The market price for our Common Stock could decrease as the market takes into account the dilutive effect of any of these issuances. Furthermore, we may enter into financing transactions at prices that represent a substantial discount to the market price of our Common Stock. A negative reaction by investors and securities analysts to any discounted sale of our equity securities could result in a decline in the trading price of our Common Stock.
The holders of our Preferred Stock (as defined below) have certain rights and privileges that are senior to our Common Stock, and we may issue additional shares of Preferred Stock without stockholder approval that could have a material adverse effect on the market value of the Common Stock.
Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue a total of up to 5.0 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Preferred Stock”) and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions, including voting rights, of the Preferred Stock, which typically are senior to the rights of the Common Stock, without any further vote or action by the holders of our Common Stock. The rights of the holders of our Common Stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of the Preferred Stock that have been issued or might be issued in the future. Preferred Stock also could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock. This could delay, defer, or prevent a change in control. Furthermore, holders of our Preferred Stock may have other rights, including economic rights, senior to the Common Stock. As a result, their existence and issuance could have a material adverse effect on the market value of the Common Stock. We have in the past issued and may from time to time in the future issue, Preferred Stock for financing or other purposes with rights, preferences, or privileges senior to the Common Stock. As of March 26, 2021, we had four series of Preferred Stock outstanding, the Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred, and Series D Preferred.
The provisions of our Series A Preferred prohibit the payment of dividends on our Common Stock unless the dividends on our preferred shares are first paid. In addition, upon a liquidation, dissolution or sale of our business, the holders of our Series A Preferred will be entitled to receive, in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, initial distributions of $1,000 per share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 14,911 and 37,467 shares of our Series A Preferred outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had no cumulative undeclared dividends on our Series A Preferred.
The provisions of our Series A-1 Preferred prohibit the payment of dividends on our Common Stock unless the dividends on our preferred shares are first paid. In addition, upon a liquidation, dissolution or sale of our business, the holders of our Series A-1 Preferred will be entitled to receive, in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, initial distributions of $1,000 per share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 14,782 and 0 shares of our Series A-1 Preferred outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had no cumulative undeclared dividends on our Series A-1 Preferred.
The provisions of our Series B Preferred prohibit the payment of dividends on our Common Stock unless the dividends on our preferred shares are first paid. In addition, upon a liquidation, dissolution or sale of our business, the holders of our Series B Preferred will be entitled to receive, in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, initial distributions of $2.50 per share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 239,400 shares of Series B Preferred outstanding. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had cumulative undeclared dividends on our Series B Preferred of approximately $8,000.
The provisions of our Series D Preferred prohibit the payment of dividends on our Common Stock unless the dividends on our preferred shares are first paid. In addition, upon a liquidation, dissolution or sale of our business, the holders of our Series D Preferred will be entitled to receive, in preference to any distribution to the holders of Common Stock, initial distributions of $1,000 per share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were 22,863.28 and 0 shares of Series D Preferred outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had no cumulative undeclared dividends on our Series D Preferred.
The conversion of our Series A Preferred Stock, Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock and the exercise of currently outstanding warrants could result in significant dilution to the holders of our common stock.
The holders of our Series A Preferred Stock, Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Stock Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock may elect to convert their shares of Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock. As of December 31, 2020, we had outstanding: (i) 14,911 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, which are convertible into 74,555,000 shares of Common Stock; (ii) 14,782 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, which are convertible into 73,910,000 shares of Common Stock; (iii) 239,400 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, which are convertible into 46,029 shares of Common Stock; and (iv) 22,863.28 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, which are convertible into 392,166,023 shares of Common Stock. In addition to our outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, as of December 31, 2020, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 753,775 shares of our Common Stock.
The conversion of our Series A Preferred Stock, Series A-1 Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, as well as the exercise of our outstanding warrants could result in significant dilution to existing common shareholders, adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.
Upon the occurrence of certain events, we may be required to redeem all or a portion of our Preferred Stock.
Holders of certain of our Preferred Stock may require us to redeem all or any portion of such Holder’s shares Preferred Stock within specific date from issuance or in the event of the consummation of a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of each class of Preferred Stock). We cannot assure you that we will maintain sufficient cash reserves or that our business will generate cash flow from operations at levels sufficient to permit us to redeem our shares of Preferred Stock if and when required to do so. In the event we have insufficient cash available or do not have access to additional third-party financings on commercially reasonable terms or at all to complete such redemption, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.
Certain large shareholders may have certain personal interests that may affect the Company.
As a result of the securities issued to Nantahala Capital Management, LLC (“Nantahala Capital Management”), and the related entities controlled by Nantahala Capital Management, (i) Blackwell Partners LLC - Series A, (ii) Nantahala Capital Partners Limited Partnership, (iii) Nantahala Capital Partners II Limited Partnership, (iv) Nantahala Capital Partners SI, LP, (v) NCP QR Limited Partnership, and (vi) Silver Creek CS SAV, L.L.C. (collectively, "Nantahala"), Nantahala beneficially owns, in the aggregate, approximately 37% of the Company’s outstanding voting securities as of March 26, 2021. As a result, Nantahala has the potential ability to exert influence over the outcome of issues requiring approval by the Company’s shareholders. This concentration of ownership may have effects such as delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company that may be favored by other shareholders or preventing transactions in which shareholders might otherwise recover a premium for their shares over current market prices.
Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of the Company.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our certificate of incorporation authorizes Preferred Stock, which carries special rights, including voting and dividend rights. With these rights, holders of Preferred Stock could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us.
Our Amended Charter designates courts within the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, and the federal district courts for the United States of America for claims brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amended Charter”) require that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for each of the following:
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any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company;
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any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders;
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any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Company’s Amended Charter, or the Amended and Restated Bylaws; or
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any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
Furthermore, the Amended Charter sets forth that the federal district courts of the United States of America are the exclusive forum for the resolution of any causes of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
Because the applicability of the exclusive forum provision is limited to the extent permitted by law, we believe that the exclusive forum provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the provision and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal law under the Securities Act in the types of lawsuits to which they apply, the provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.
We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock for the foreseeable future.
We have never paid cash dividends on our Common Stock and do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid on the Common Stock for the foreseeable future. The payment of any cash dividend by us will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our earnings, capital, regulatory requirements and financial condition. Furthermore, the terms of our Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred, Series C Preferred and Series D Preferred directly limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock.
GENERAL RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to risks arising from epidemic diseases, such as the recent global outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus.
The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, which has been declared by the World Health Organization to be a pandemic, has spread across the globe and is impacting worldwide economic activity. A pandemic, including COVID-19 or other public health epidemics, pose the risk that we or our employees, contractors, suppliers, and other partners may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time, including shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. While it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on our business, the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on global economic conditions which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition, including impairing our ability to raise capital when needed.
COVID-19 has prevented employees from returning to physical offices. In many cases, our potential customers in the government or commercial enterprise-side like to test our software in their labs with their systems and hardware. Potential customers have been unable to do this and that has caused purchase decisions to be delayed as these employees who would be testing are now working from their homes and can’t simulate test environments. COVID-19 has further led to a distributed work environment. Decision makers are now working from their homes, from all different parts of a state or country. Some have weak or no Internet connections, making it harder to review paperwork to decide on a large financial purchase. Some decision makers want to have more conversations with more people, and mull over decisions longer, versus in the past, when an individual could walk into a decision makers office and garner more rapid approval. Some countries have limits on how many people are permitted to gather in one meeting or have been hit particularly hard with many residents suffering and dying from the COVID-19 virus. There is a new paradigm emerging in making critical decisions from a video conference calls versus in person.
An economic recession had set in from the pandemic in 2020. Some companies are not receiving payments and in turn are not making payments to us, causing impairments in our ability to pay others. COVID-19 has led to some of our customers and potential customers being stricken with the virus causing them to not be able to work for many weeks and therefore causing delays for us in our projects or decisions. Technology partners have slowed down and/or laid off employees, impacting us downstream because decisions makers have been furloughed or the work has been passed to new employees who need to come up to speed on a particular project. The closing/downsizing of our offices due to COVID-19 has further caused employees to work from home on unsecured personal Wifi networks, and as such, working from home may cause security breaches such as malware, ransomware, and Phishing attempts. These attempts in some cases have knocked out their ability to have a connection and be able to work until their IT department resolves their issues.
This outbreak could decrease spending, adversely affect demand for the Company’s products, and harm the Company’s business and results of operations. It is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse results of the outbreak and its effects on the Company’s business or results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity, at this time.
We depend on key personnel, the loss of any of whom could materially adversely affect future operations.
Our success will depend to a significant extent upon the efforts and abilities of our executive officers and other key personnel. The loss of the services of one or more of these key employees and any negative market or industry perception arising from the loss of such services could have a material adverse effect on us and the trading price of our Common Stock. Our business will also be dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. Acquiring and keeping these personnel could prove more difficult or cost substantially more than estimated and we cannot be certain that we will be able to retain such personnel or attract a high caliber of personnel in the future.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
Our corporate headquarters is located in San Diego, California and is currently leased on a month-to-month basis. We sublet our former headquarters effective March 1, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, in addition to our corporate headquarters, we lease properties in the following locations: Ottawa, Province of Ontario, Canada; Portland, Oregon; Mexico City, México. Management believes that leaving the former headquarters and subleasing the space saves the company money. The new corporate headquarters space is small and adequate for our needs today. When the company reaches cash flow positive, we will be looking for a new space that takes into account the distributed workforce. We downsized our Portland, Oregon engineering office in 2020 and are actively advertising the space to be subleased. The San Diego headquarters suite has been sublet effective March 1, 2021 and the headquarters moved to a smaller office within San Diego. We maintain an office in Ottawa, Canada and Mexico City, México for our employees and business in those markets. The Tokyo, Japan office was closed in 2020.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There is currently no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of the Company or any of our subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting the Company, our Common Stock, any of our subsidiaries or of the Company’s or our subsidiaries’ officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
N/A.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our Common Stock does not trade on an established securities exchange. Our Common Stock is quoted under the symbol “IWSY” on the OTCQB marketplace. Any OTCQB marketplace quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commissions and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
Holders
As of March 26, 2021, we had approximately 278 registered holders of record of our Common Stock. A significant number of our shares of Common Stock were held in street name and, as such, we believe that the actual number of beneficial owners of our Common Stock is significantly higher.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our Common Stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had cumulative undeclared dividends of approximately $0 relating to our Series A Preferred, $0 related to our Series A-1 Preferred, $8,000 relating to our Series B Preferred, $0 related to our Series C Preferred, and $0 related to our Series D Preferred.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
For a discussion of our equity compensation plans, please see Item 11 of this Annual Report.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
We issued certain equity securities in unregistered transactions during 2020 and fiscal year 2019. All of the securities issued in non-registered transactions were issued in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) and/or Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and were reported in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and through the date of this report.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The disclosures in this section are not required because we qualify as a smaller reporting company under federal securities laws.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us, which attempt to advise interested parties of the factors which affect our business, including (without limitation) the disclosures made under the captions “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors”, and in the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
The Company is a pioneer and leader in biometric identification and authentication software. Using human characteristics that are unique to us all, the Company creates software that provides a highly reliable indication of a person’s identity. The Company’s products are used to manage and issue secure credentials, including national IDs, passports, driver licenses and access control credentials. The Company’s products also provide law enforcement with integrated mugshot, fingerprint LiveScan and investigative capabilities. The Company also provides comprehensive authentication security software using biometrics to secure physical and logical access to facilities or computer networks or Internet sites. Biometric technology is now an integral part of all markets the Company addresses, and all the products leveraged by our patented IWS Biometric Engine®
The IWS Biometric Engine® is a patented biometric identity and authentication database built for multi-biometric enrollment, management and authentication. It is hardware agnostic and can utilize different types of biometric algorithms. It allows different types of biometrics to be operated at the same time on a seamlessly integrated platform. It is also offered as a Software Development Kit (“SDK”), enabling developers and system integrators to implement biometric solutions or integrate biometric capabilities into existing applications. 
Our secure credential solutions empower customers to design and create smart digital identification wristbands and badges for access control systems. We develop, sell and support software and design systems that utilize digital imaging and biometrics for photo identification cards, credentials and identification systems. Our products in this market consist of IWS EPI Suite and IWS EPI Builder. These products allow for production of digital identification badges and related databases and records and can be used by, among others, schools, airports, hospitals, corporations and governments. We have added the ability to incorporate multiple biometrics into the ID systems with the integration of IWS Biometric Engine®.
The Company is also a developer of a biometric based multi-factor authentication (MFA) Cloud-based service. ImageWare Authenticate brings together Cloud and mobile technologies to offer multi-factor authentication for the enterprise, and across industries. ImageWare Authenticate consists of mobile and desktop clients, and the backend system which is a Cloud-based Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) servicing Cloud-based biometric template matching requests. ImageWare Authenticate comes in two offerings, Workforce and Customer. ImageWare Authenticate Customer is leveraged by product developers to enable biometric authentication for their consumers. For the enterprise, ImageWare Authenticate Workplace provides turnkey integration with Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Active Directory, CA SSO, IBM Security Access Manager (“ISAM”), SAP Cloud Platform, Fujitsu's RunMyProcess, Palo Alto Networks VPN and HPE’s Aruba ClearPass. These integrations provide multi-modal biometric authentication to replace or augment passwords for use with enterprise and consumer class systems.
Our law enforcement solutions enable agencies to quickly capture, archive, search, retrieve, and share digital images, fingerprints and other biometrics, as well as criminal history records on a stand-alone, networked, wireless or Web-based platform. We develop, sell and support a suite of modular software products used by law enforcement and public safety agencies to create and manage criminal history records and to investigate crime. Our IWS Law Enforcement solution consists of five software modules: Capture and Investigative modules, which provide a criminal booking system with related databases as well as the ability to create and print mug photo/scars, marks, and tattoos (SMT), as well as image lineups and electronic mug-books; a Facial Recognition module, which uses biometric facial recognition to identify suspects; a Web module, which provides access to centrally stored records over the Internet in a connected or wireless fashion; and a LiveScan module, which incorporates LiveScan capabilities into IWS Law Enforcement platform providing integrated fingerprint and palm print biometric management for civil and law enforcement use. The IWS Biometric Engine® is also available to our law enforcement clients and allows them to capture and search using multiple biometrics.
Recent Market Conditions
During March 2020, a global pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization related to the rapidly growing outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”).
The pandemic has significantly impacted the economic conditions both in the United States and worldwide, with accelerated effects in February 2020 through the date of this Annual Report, as federal, state and local governments react to the public health crisis, creating significant uncertainties in both the worldwide and the United States economies. The situation is rapidly changing and additional impacts to our business may arise that we are not aware of currently. We cannot predict whether, when or the manner in which the conditions surrounding COVID-19 will change including the timing of lifting any restrictions or office closure requirements.
The full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets and any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, among others.
On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the “Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property.
The Company continues to examine the impact that the CARES Act may have on our business. Currently the Company is unable to determine the impact that the CARES Act will have on our financial condition, results of operation or liquidity.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to utilize accounting policies and make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingencies as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during a fiscal period. The SEC considers an accounting policy to be critical if it is important to a company’s financial condition and results of operations, and if it requires significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in its application.
Significant estimates include the evaluation of our ability to continue as a going concern, the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of share-based payments, fair value of Series D Preferred and financial instruments issued with and affected by the Series D Preferred Financing (defined below), fair value of financial instruments with and affected by the Series C Preferred (defined below), fair value of Series A Preferred (defined below), fair value of Series A-1 Preferred (defined below), assumptions used in the application of revenue recognition policies, assumptions used in the derivation of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate used in the computation of the Company’s operating lease liabilities and assumptions used in the application of fair value methodologies to calculate the fair value of pension assets and obligations. Actual results could differ from estimates.
The following are our critical accounting policies because we believe they are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require critical management judgments and estimates about matters that are uncertain. If actual results or events differ materially from those contemplated by us in making these estimates, our reported financial condition and results of operations for future periods could be materially affected.
Revenue Recognition. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective transition method.
In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
The core principle of the standard is that we should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, we apply the following five step model:
1.
Identify the contract with the customer;
2.
Identify the performance obligation in the contract;
3.
Determine the transaction price;
4.
Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
5.
Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
At contract inception, we assess the goods and services promised in a contract with a customer and identify as a performance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer either: (i) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct or (ii) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. We recognize revenue only when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.
Determining the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations as well as the transaction price and the amounts allocated to performance obligations requires judgement.
We disclose disaggregation of our customer revenue by classes of similar products and services as follows:
●
Software licensing and royalties;
●
Sales of computer hardware and identification media;
●
Services; and
●
Post-contract customer support.
Software licensing and royalties
Software licenses consist of revenue from the sale of software for identity management applications. Our software licenses are functional intellectual property and typically provide customers with the right to use our software in perpetuity as it exists when made available to the customer. We recognize revenue from software licensing at a point in time upon delivery, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
Royalties consist of revenue from usage-based arrangements and guaranteed minimum-based arrangements. We recognize revenue for royalty arrangements at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied.
Computer hardware and identification media
We generate revenue from the sale of computer hardware and identification media. Revenue for these items is recognized upon delivery of these products to the customer, provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
Services
Services revenue is comprised primarily of software customization services, software integration services, system installation services and customer training. Revenue is generally recognized upon completion of services and customer acceptance provided all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
Post-contract customer support (“PCS”)
PCS consists of maintenance on software and hardware for our identity management solutions. We recognize PCS revenue from periodic maintenance agreements. Revenue is generally recognized ratably over the respective maintenance periods provided no significant obligations remain. Costs related to such contracts are expensed as incurred.
Arrangements with multiple performance obligations
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. In addition to selling software licenses, hardware and identification media, services and post-contract customer support on a standalone basis, certain contracts include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on our best estimate of the relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for a performance obligation is the price at which we would sell a promised good or service separately to a customer. The primary methods used to estimate standalone selling price are as follows: (i) the expected cost-plus margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service and (ii) the percent discount off of list price approach.
Contract costs
We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We apply a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period is one year or less.
Other items
We do not offer rights of return for our products and services in the normal course of business.
Sales tax collected from customers is excluded from revenue.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We provide an allowance for our accounts receivable for estimated losses that may result from our customers’ inability to pay. We determine the amount of allowance by analyzing historical losses, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends, and the age of the accounts receivable balances and changes in our customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Impairment of Goodwill, Other Intangible and Long-Lived Assets. The Company accounts for its intangible assets under the provisions of ASC 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other”. In accordance with ASC 350, intangible assets with a definite life are analyzed for impairment under ASC 360-10-05 “Property, Plant and Equipment” and intangible assets with an indefinite life are analyzed for impairment under ASC 360 annually, or more often if circumstances dictate. The Company performs its annual simplified impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year. In December 2018, the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The provisions of ASU 2017-04 eliminate the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value. Entities that have reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts will no longer be required to perform a qualitative assessment assuming they pass the simplified impairment test.
The Company did not record any goodwill impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2020 or 2019.
The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their net book value may not be recoverable. When such factors and circumstances exist, the Company compares the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated useful lives against their respective carrying amount. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value, based on market value when available, or discounted expected cash flows, of those assets and is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The Company’s management currently believes there is no impairment of its long-lived assets. There can be no assurance, however, that market conditions will not change or demand for the Company’s products under development will continue. Either of these could result in future impairment of long-lived assets.
There are many management assumptions and estimates underlying the determination of an impairment loss, and estimates using different, but reasonable, assumptions could produce significantly different results. Significant assumptions include estimates of future levels of revenue and operating expense. Therefore, the timing and recognition of impairment losses by us in the future, if any, may be highly dependent upon our estimates and assumptions. There can be no assurance that goodwill impairment will not occur in the future.
Stock-Based Compensation. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had one stock-based compensation plan for employees and nonemployee directors, which authorizes the granting of various equity-based incentives including stock options and restricted stock.
The Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, consistent with the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”. The fair value of stock options granted is recognized to expense over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Stock-based compensation expense is reported in general and administrative, sales and marketing, engineering and customer service expense based upon the departments to which substantially all of the associated employees report and credited to additional paid-in capital.
ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected life, and interest rates. The Company is required to make various assumptions in the application of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company has determined that the best measure of expected volatility is based on the historical weekly volatility of the Company’s Common Stock. Historical volatility factors utilized in the Company’s Black-Scholes computations for options granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 ranged from 57% and 83%. The Company has elected to estimate the expected life of an award based upon the SEC approved “simplified method” noted under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14. The expected term used by the Company to value the grants issued in 2020 and 2019 as computed by this method was 5.17 years. The effect of the difference between the actual historical expected life and the simplified method was immaterial. The interest rate used is the risk-free interest rate and is based upon U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term. Interest rates used in the Company’s Black-Scholes calculations averaged 2.58% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Dividend yield is zero, as the Company does not expect to declare any dividends on the Company’s common shares in the foreseeable future.
In addition to the key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model, the estimated forfeiture rate at the time of valuation is a critical assumption. The Company has estimated an annualized forfeiture rate of approximately 5.0% for corporate officers, 4.1% for members of the Board of Directors and 15.0% for all other employees. The Company reviews the expected forfeiture rate annually to determine if that percent is still reasonable based on historical experience.
Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences related to temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes at each year-end, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when necessary based on the weight of available evidence, if it is considered more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Income tax expense is the sum of current income tax plus the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities.
ASC 740-10 requires a company to first determine whether it is more-likely-than-not (defined as a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits as of the reporting date, assuming that taxing authorities will examine the position and have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets this more-likely-than-not threshold is then measured and recognized at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely to be realized upon effective settlement with a taxing authority.
We recognize and measure uncertain tax positions in accordance with GAAP, pursuant to which we only recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Any tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We report a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. GAAP further requires that a change in judgment related to the expected ultimate resolution of uncertain tax positions be recognized in earnings in the quarter of such change. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
We file annual income tax returns in multiple taxing jurisdictions around the world. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and finally resolved. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position, we believe that our analysis of income tax reserves reflects the most likely outcome. We adjust these reserves, if any, as well as the related interest, in light of changing facts and circumstances. Settlement of any particular position could require the use of cash.
Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining the Company’s provision for income taxes. No assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in the Company’s historical income tax provisions and accruals. The Company adjusts these items in light of changing facts and circumstances. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.
The Internal Revenue Code (the “Revenue Code”) limits the availability of certain tax credits and net operating losses that arose prior to certain cumulative changes in a corporation’s ownership resulting in a change of control of the Company. The Company’s use of its net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards will be significantly limited because the Company believes it underwent “ownership changes”, as defined under Section 382 of the Revenue Code, in 1991, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2011, 2012, 2018 and 2020, though the Company has not performed a study to determine the limitation. The Company has reduced its deferred tax assets to zero relating to its federal and state research credits because of such limitations. The Company continues to disclose the tax effect of the net operating loss carryforwards at their original amount as the actual limitation has not yet been quantified. The Company has also established a full valuation allowance for substantially all deferred tax assets due to uncertainties surrounding its ability to generate future taxable income to realize these assets. Since substantially all deferred tax assets are fully reserved, future changes in tax benefits will not impact the effective tax rate. Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets. If it is determined at some time in the future that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized, the valuation allowance would be reduced accordingly at that time.
On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the CARES Act into law, which, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property.
The Company continues to examine the impact that the CARES Act may have on our business. Currently the Company is unable to determine the impact that the CARES Act will have on our financial condition, results of operation or liquidity.
Fair-Value Measurements. The Company accounts for fair value measurements in accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:
Level 1- Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2- Applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.
Level 3- Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).
Assessing the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, considering factors specific to the asset or liability. Determining whether a fair value measurement is based on Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 inputs is important because certain disclosures are applicable only to those fair value measurements that use Level 3 inputs. The use of Level 3 inputs may include information derived through extrapolation or interpolation which involves management assumptions as well as valuation techniques employing Monte Carlo simulation methodologies.
Lease Liabilities and Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets
The Company is a party to certain contractual arrangements for office space which meet the definition of leases under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842 - Leases (“ASC 842”). In accordance with ASC 842, the Company has determined that such arrangements are operating leases and accordingly the Company has, as of January 1, 2019, recorded operating lease right-of-use assets and related lease liability for the present value of the lease payments over the lease terms using the Company’s estimated weighted-average incremental borrowing rate of approximately 14.5%. The Company has utilized the practical expedient regarding lease and nonlease components and has combined such items into a single combined component. The Company has also utilized the practical expedient regarding leases of twelve months or less and has excluded such leases from its computation of lease liability and related right-of-use assets. The Company has also elected the optional transition package of practical expedients which include:
A package of practical expedient to not reassess:
●
Whether a contract is or contains a lease
●
Lease classification
●
Initial direct costs
For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Year Ended December 31, 2020.
Comparison of Results for Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2020 and
Product Revenue
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
Net Product Revenue
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Software and royalties
$872
$489
$383
78%
Percentage of total net product revenue
39%
53%
Hardware and consumables
$84
$96
$(12)
(13)%
Percentage of total net product revenue
4%
10%
Services
$1,275
$338
$937
277%
Percentage of total net product revenue
57%
37%
Total net product revenue
$2,231
$923
$1,308
142%
Software and royalty revenue increased 78% or approximately $383,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. This increase is attributable to higher identification project related revenue of approximately $539,000, offset by lower law enforcement project related revenue of approximately $11,000, lower royalty revenue of approximately $116,000 and lower sales of boxed identity management software sold through our distribution channel of approximately $29,000. The increase in identification project related revenue is reflective of the expansion of the Company’s identity management software base combined with the sale of additional software licenses into existing identification projects caused by increased end-user utilization during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. The decrease in our law enforcement project revenue resulted from a decrease in the timing of procurement by our law enforcement customers. The decrease in boxed identity management software sold through our distribution channel reflects slightly lower procurement from both domestic and international customers and the decrease in royalty revenue reflects the expiration of a minimum royalty contract.
Revenue from the sale of hardware and consumables decreased approximately $12,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 due to a decrease in project related solutions containing hardware and consumable sales primarily to law enforcement customers.
Services revenue is comprised primarily of software integration services, system installation services and customer training. Such revenue increased $937,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019, due to an increase in the service element of project related work completed during the year ended December 31, 2020.
We believe that the period-to-period fluctuations of identity management software revenue in project-oriented solutions are largely due to the timing of government procurement with respect to the various programs we are pursuing. Although no assurances can be given, based on management’s current visibility into the timing of potential government procurements and potential partnerships and current pilot programs, we believe that we will see an increase in government procurement and implementations with respect to identity management initiatives; however, government procurement initiatives, implementations and pilots are frequently delayed and extended and we cannot predict the timing of such initiatives.
As discussed more fully elsewhere in this Annual Report, the full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact our ability to close sales transactions and on capital and financial markets and any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, among others.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we have focused on strategically updating our products with the latest mobile and cloud technology prioritized by market opportunities. We relaunched ImageWare Authenticate (formerly GoVerify ID®) in July 2020. This relaunch includes a new container and microservices-based architecture along with refreshed mobile and desktop clients. We believe these updates will result in additional customers implementing our ImageWare Authenticate solution. Additionally, we have focused on the integration of the suite of products that comprise our Identity Platform. Throughout 2021 we plan to continue to enhance our Identity Platform products, including our EPI (our biometric smart access cards) and law enforcement offerings by leveraging cloud and mobile technologies to improve both functionality and value to the customer. Management believes that these initiatives will result in the expansion of our solutions into both law enforcement and non-governmental sectors including commercial, consumer and healthcare applications, further resulting in additional implementations of both our ImageWare Authenticate products and Identity Platform products.
Maintenance Revenue
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
Maintenance Revenue
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Total maintenance revenue
$2,554
$2,583
$(29)
(1)%
Maintenance revenue was approximately $2,554,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to approximately $2,583,000 for the corresponding periods in 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020, identity management maintenance revenue was approximately $1,264,000 as compared to $1,275,000 for the comparable period in 2019. The decrease of $11,000 in identification software maintenance revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period of 2019 is reflective of the expiration of certain maintenance contracts combined with the timing of the commencement of maintenance services related to a certain customer. The decrease of $18,000 in law enforcement maintenance revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period of 2019 is reflective of the expiration of certain maintenance contracts.
We anticipate growth of our maintenance revenue through the retention of existing customers combined with the expansion of our installed base resulting from the completion of project-oriented work; however, we cannot predict the timing of this anticipated growth.
Cost of Product Revenue
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
Cost of Product Revenue:
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Software and royalties
$54
$36
$18
50%
Percentage of software and royalty product revenue
6%
7%
Hardware and consumables
$52
$66
$(14)
(21)%
Percentage of hardware and consumables product revenue
62%
69%
Services
$694
$116
$578
498%
Percentage of services product revenue
54%
34%
Total product cost of revenue
$800
$218
$582
267%
Percentage of total product revenue
36%
24%
The cost of software and royalty product revenue increased approximately $18,000 from higher software and royalty revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 of approximately $383,000 due to a significant percentage of the revenue increase containing solutions with extremely minimal third-party software costs. In addition to changes in costs of software and royalty product revenue caused by revenue level fluctuations, costs of products can vary as a percentage of product revenue from period to period depending upon level of software customization and third-party software license content included in product sales during a given period.
The cost of product revenue for our hardware and consumable sales during the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased approximately $14,000 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 due primarily to lower hardware and consumable product revenue of approximately $12,000 during the 2020 period.
The cost of services revenue increased approximately $578,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 due to higher service revenue of approximately $937,000. Cost of services revenue as a percentage of service revenue increased to 54% for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to 34% for the corresponding 2019 period. This increase reflects the one-time impact of additional service costs incurred in the completion of the service element for a particular customer. Although changes in costs of services product revenue are sometimes caused by revenue level fluctuations, costs of services can also vary as a percentage of service revenue from period to period depending upon both the level and complexity of professional service resources utilized in the completion of the service element.
Cost of Maintenance Revenue
Maintenance cost of revenue
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
$ Change
% Change
Total maintenance cost of revenue
$448
$425
$23
5%
Percentage of total maintenance revenue
18%
16%
Cost of maintenance revenue increased approximately $23,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 despite lower maintenance revenue of approximately $29,000. This increase is reflective of higher maintenance labor costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 due primarily to the composition of engineering resources used in the provision of maintenance services.
Product Gross Profit
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
Product gross profit
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Software and royalties
$818
$453
$365
81%
Percentage of software and royalty product revenue
94%
93%
Hardware and consumables
$32
$30
$2
7%
Percentage of hardware and consumables product revenue
38%
31%
Services
$581
$222
$359
162%
Percentage of services product revenue
46%
66%
Total product gross profit
$1,431
$705
$726
103%
Percentage of total product revenue
64%
76%
Software and royalty gross profit increased 81% or approximately $365,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019, due primarily to higher software and royalty revenue of approximately $383,000 combined with higher software and royalty cost of revenue of $18,000 for the same period. This revenue increase with only a minimal increase in software and royalty cost of revenue reflects extremely low third-party software costs. In addition to changes in costs of software and royalty product revenue caused by revenue level fluctuations, costs of products can vary as a percentage of product revenue from period to period depending upon level of software customization and third-party software license content included in product sales during a given period.
Hardware and consumables gross profit increased approximately $2,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the 2019 period, due primarily to lower hardware and consumable revenue of approximately $12,000 combined with lower cost of hardware and consumable revenue of approximately $14,000. These decreases result from a decrease in project related solutions containing hardware and consumable components.
Services gross profit increased approximately $359,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 due to higher service revenue of approximately $937,000 combined with higher service cost of revenue of $578,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. The decrease in services gross profit as a percentage of services revenue from 66% in the year ended December 31, 2019 to 46% in the corresponding period of 2020 reflects the one-time impact of additional service costs incurred in the completion of the service element for a particular customer. Although changes in costs of services product revenue are sometimes caused by revenue level fluctuations, costs of services can also vary as a percentage of service revenue from period to period depending upon both the level and complexity of professional service resources utilized in the completion of the service element.
Maintenance Gross Profit
Maintenance gross profit
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
$ Change
% Change
Total maintenance gross profit
$2,106
$2,158
$(52)
(2)%
Percentage of total maintenance revenue
82%
84%
Gross profit related to maintenance revenue decreased 2% or approximately $52,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. This decrease reflects lower maintenance revenue of approximately $29,000 combined with higher cost of maintenance revenue of approximately $23,000. The decrease in maintenance revenue results from the timing of maintenance revenue recognition related to a certain customer combined with the expiration of certain maintenance contracts. The increase cost of maintenance revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 is due primarily to the composition of engineering resources used in the provision of maintenance services. The decrease in maintenance revenue results from the timing of maintenance revenue recognition related to a certain contract. Maintenance gross profit can change from period to period depending upon both the level and complexity of engineering resources utilized in the provision of the maintenance services.
Operating Expense
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
Operating expense
$ Change
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative
$4,102
$3,614
$488
14%
Percentage of total net revenue
86%
103%
Sales and marketing
$2,936
$3,937
$(1,001)
(25)%
Percentage of total net revenue
61%
112%
Research and development
$5,706
$7,488
$(1,782)
(24)%
Percentage of total net revenue
119%
214%
Depreciation and amortization
$72
$71
$1
1%
Percentage of total net revenue
2%
2%
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense is comprised primarily of salaries and other employee-related costs for executive, financial, and other infrastructure personnel. General legal, accounting and consulting services, insurance, occupancy and communication costs are also included with general and administrative expense.
The dollar increase of approximately $488,000 in general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 is comprised of the following major components:
●
Overall decrease in personnel related expense of approximately $55,000 is due to reductions in employer contributions to employee benefit plans of approximately $230,000 offset by higher personnel expenses of approximately $175,000 due to the effects of various senior management changes;
●
Increases in professional services of approximately $252,000 which includes higher legal fees of approximately $197,000, higher patent-related legal and other fees of approximately $155,000 resulting from the Company’s efforts to monetize certain patents, higher contractor and contract service expenses of approximately $23,000 and higher general corporate expense of $16,000 offset by reductions in Board of Director fees of approximately $6,000, lower investor and public relations fees of approximately $106,000 and lower audit fees of approximately $27,000,
●
Increase in insurances, licenses, dues, rent, office related costs and other of approximately $21,000;
●
Increase in financing expense of approximately $66,000; and
●
Increase in stock-based compensation expense related to options and restricted stock units ("RSU’s") of approximately $204,000.
We continue to focus our efforts on achieving additional future operating efficiencies by reviewing and improving upon existing business processes and evaluating our cost structure. We believe these efforts will allow us to continue to gradually decrease our level of general and administrative expense expressed as a percentage of total revenue.
Sales and Marketing Expense
Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of the salaries, commissions, other incentive compensation, employee benefits and travel expense of our sales, marketing, and business development personnel.
The dollar decrease of approximately $1,001,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 is primarily comprised of the following major components:
●
Decrease in personnel related expense of approximately $369,000 driven primarily by headcount reductions;
●
Decrease in contractor and contract services of approximately $388,000 resulting from lower contract service expense of approximately $303,000 which includes lower dues and subscription expense, and reduced utilization of certain sales consultants of approximately $85,000.;
●
Decrease in travel, trade show expense and office related expense of approximately $257,000;
●
Decrease in stock-based compensation expense of approximately $45,000; and
●
Increase in our Mexico sales office expense of approximately $58,000 due to certain personnel separation expenses.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense consists primarily of salaries, employee benefits and outside contractors for new product development, product enhancements, custom integration work and related facility costs.
Research and development expense decreased approximately $1,782,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the corresponding period in 2019, due primarily to the following major components:
●
Decrease in personnel related expense of approximately $1,092,000 due to headcount reductions;
●
Decrease in contractor fees and contract services of approximately $537,000;
●
Decrease in rent, office related expense and engineering tools and supplies of approximately $128,000; and
●
Decrease in stock based-compensation expense of approximately $25,000.
Depreciation and Amortization
During the year ended December 31, 2020, depreciation and amortization expense increased approximately $1,000 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019. The relatively small amount of depreciation and amortization reflects the relatively small property and equipment carrying value.
Interest Expense (Income), Net
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized interest income of $2,000 and interest expense of $104,000. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 was comprised of approximately $94,000 on our related party notes payable and approximately $10,000 on notes payable under the PPP Loan program. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized interest income of $90,000 and interest expense of $0.
Other Expense
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized other income of approximately $0 and other expense of approximately $4,000. Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 is comprised of approximately $4,000 in late payment penalty fees.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized other income of approximately $0 and other expense of $1,000. Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 is comprised of approximately $1,000 in foreign transaction expense.
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized approximately $369,000 from the decrease of derivative liabilities arising from the consummation of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock financing in September 2019 (“Series C Financing”). Such decrease was determined by management using fair value methodologies and is included as non-cash income under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in our consolidated statement of operations for twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Also for the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized approximately $1,883,000 from the change in fair value of derivative liabilities arising from the Series D Financing. Such decrease was determined by management using fair value methodologies and is included as non-cash income under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in our consolidated statement of operations for twelve months ended December 31, 2020.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized approximately $696,000 from the decrease of derivative liabilities arising from the consummation of the Series C Financing in September 2019. Such decrease was determined by management using fair value methodologies and is included as non-cash income under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in our consolidated statement of operations for twelve months ended December 31, 2019.
Income Tax Expense
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded an expense for income taxes of $7,000 and $10,000, respectively. These tax expenses relate to taxes on income generated in certain foreign jurisdictions offset by research and development tax credits generated in certain foreign jurisdictions.
We have incurred consolidated pre-tax losses during the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, and have incurred operating losses in all prior periods. Management has determined that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit from such losses will not be realized and has established a full valuation allowance for any tax benefits. Accordingly, we did not record a benefit for income taxes for these periods.
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern
Historically, our principal sources of cash have included customer payments from the sale of our products, proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock and proceeds from the issuance of debt. Our principal uses of cash have included cash used in operations, product development, and payments relating to purchases of property and equipment. We expect that our principal uses of cash in the future will be for product development, including customization of identity management products for enterprise and consumer applications, further development of intellectual property, development of SaaS capabilities for existing products as well as general working capital. Management expects that, as our revenue grows, our sales and marketing and research and development expense will continue to grow, albeit at a slower rate and, as a result, we will need to generate significant net revenue to achieve and sustain income from operations.
Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC
On April 28, 2020, the Company entered into a purchase agreement, and as amended on June 11, 2020 (the “Lincoln Purchase Agreement”), and a registration rights agreement (the “Lincoln Registration Rights Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) pursuant to which Lincoln Park committed to purchase up to $10,250,000 of our Common Stock.
Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, including stockholder approval of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended from time to time (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), to increase the number of shares of the Company’s capital stock to 350 million shares, obtained from our shareholders effective June 9, 2020, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to $10,250,000 of shares of Common Stock. Future sales of Common Stock under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at our sole discretion, over the 24-month period commencing on July 8, 2020, and the other conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement are satisfied (such date on which all of such conditions are satisfied, the “Commencement Date”). During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold an aggregate of 5,700,000 shares of Common Stock to Lincoln Park under the terms of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement resulting in gross cash proceeds to the Company of approximately $918,000.
After the Commencement Date, on any business day over the term of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 125,000 shares of its Common Stock on such business day (the “Regular Purchase”), subject to increases under certain circumstances as provided in the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share of Common Stock for each such Regular Purchase will be based on prevailing market prices of the Company’s Common Stock immediately preceding the time of sale as computed under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. In each case, Lincoln Park’s maximum commitment in any single Regular Purchase may not exceed $500,000. In addition to Regular Purchases, provided that the Company presents Lincoln Park with a Lincoln Park Purchase Notice for the full amount allowed for a Regular Purchase, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to make accelerated purchases and additional accelerated purchases as described in the Lincoln Purchase Agreement.
Pursuant to the terms of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, in no event may the Company issue or sell to Lincoln Park shares of Common Stock under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder), would result in the beneficial ownership by Lincoln Park and its affiliates of more than 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).
The Lincoln Purchase Agreement and the Lincoln Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time, at no cost or penalty. The Company issued to Lincoln Park 2,500,000 shares of Common Stock in consideration for entering into the Lincoln Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to this issuance, $400,000 was recorded by the Company as a deferred stock issuance cost. Such amount is recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet under the caption “Other assets”. Such deferred stock issuance costs will be recognized as a charge against paid in capital in proportion to securities sold under this Lincoln Purchase Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized approximately $36,000, respectively, as a charge against paid in capital relating to securities sold under the Lincoln Purchase Agreement.
Due to the terms of the Lincoln Purchase Agreement as described above, management is not currently expecting the related proceeds from the Lincoln Purchase Agreement to be sufficient to sustain operations for an extended period of time.
Series D Preferred Stock Financings
On November 12, 2020 and December 23, 2020, the Company consummated private placements of 12,060 shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Series D Preferred"), resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $12.06 million, less fees and expenses (the “Series D Financing”). The gross proceeds included approximately $2.2 million in principal amount due and payable under the terms of certain term loans issued by the Company on September 29, 2020 (“Bridge Notes”), which Bridge Notes were converted into Series D Preferred at Closing (the “Conversion”). The issuance of the Series D Preferred was made pursuant to securities purchase agreements, dated September 28, 2020 (the "Series D Purchase Agreement"), by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (the "Purchasers"), for the sale of the Series D Preferred at a purchase price of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred. The holders of Series D Preferred may voluntarily convert their shares of Series D Preferred into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at any time that is at least ninety days following the issuance date, at the conversion price calculated by dividing the Stated Value by the conversion price of $0.0583 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustments as set forth in Section 5(e) of the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series D Certificate"). Dividends on shares of Series D Preferred will be paid prior to any junior securities, and are to be paid at the rate of 4% of the Stated Value (as defined in the Series D Certificate) per share per annum in the form of cash or shares of Series D Preferred.
Concurrently with the execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Investors executed (i) a Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC within thirty days of closing to register the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series D Preferred; (ii) a Series C Exchange Agreement (the "Exchange Agreement"), pursuant to which the Company and certain holders of the Company’s Series C Preferred agreed to exchange their Series C Preferred, with a liquidation preference of approximately $10.0 million, for Series D Preferred at closing; and (iii) a Term Loan and Security Agreement (“Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which each investor signatory thereto agreed to make a term loan to the Company, secured by all assets of the Company, in an amount equal to 20% of such investor’s purchase commitment as set forth in the Purchase Agreement (“Bridge Loan”), which Bridge Loan, plus accrued interest, rolled into, and was used to purchase, Series D Preferred at Closing.
Bridge Loan
Concurrently with the execution of the Series D Purchase Agreement, the Company and certain investors in the Series D Financing executed the Loan Agreement, pursuant to which each such investor signatory thereto (the "Investors") agreed to the Bridge Loan, secured by all assets of the Company, in an amount equal to 20% of such Investor’s purchase commitment as set forth in the Series D Purchase Agreement, which Bridge Loan, plus accrued interest, rolled into, and was used to purchase, Series D Preferred at Closing. For more information regarding the Series D Purchase Agreement, the Investors, the Loan Agreement, and the Bridge Loan, see Note 1, Description of Business and Operations to the consolidated financial statements.
Pursuant to the Bridge Loan, the Company received proceeds of $2,187,000 in September 2020. The Bridge Loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 12% and is due and payable in arrears on the earlier of the Loan Conversion Date, as such term is defined in the Loan Agreement, or six months after the disbursement of the Bridge Loan. All amounts due and payable pursuant to the Bridge Loan are automatically convertible, without further action by the Investors, into shares of Series D Preferred at closing at a purchase price of $1,000 for each share of Series D Preferred. The repayment of all amounts due under the terms of the Loan Agreement are secured by all assets of the Company. On November 12, 2020, contemporaneously with the closing of the Series D Preferred Financing, all amounts due under the Bridge Loan were converted into shares of Series D Preferred Stock.
Going Concern and Management’s Plan
At December 31, 2020, we had negative working capital of approximately $19,349,000 as compared to negative working capital of approximately $1,653,000 at December 31, 2019. Included in our negative working capital as of December 31, 2020 are $24,128,000 of derivative liabilities which are not required to be settled in cash except in the event of the consummation of a Change of Control or at any time after the fourth anniversary of the Series D Preferred issuance, at which time the holders of the Series D Preferred may require the Company to redeem in cash any or all of the holder’s outstanding Series D Preferred at an amount equal to the Series D Liquidation Preference Amount. At December 31, 2020 the Liquidation Preference Amount totaled $22,863,000.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the United States and global economies and may affect the Company's operations and those of third parties on which the Company relies. Additionally, as the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to assess or predict, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial markets may reduce our ability to access capital, which could negatively impact the Company's short-term and long-term liquidity. These effects could have a material impact on the Company's liquidity, capital resources, operations and business and those of the third parties on which the Company relies.
To address our working capital requirements, management has instituted several cost cutting measures and has utilized cash proceeds from borrowing under the PPP loan, sales of our Common Shares utilizing the Lincoln Park facility and closing of the Series D Financing to satisfy the Company’s working capital requirements. However, we believe our available cash balances will be insufficient to satisfy our cash requirement for the next twelve months from the date of this filing. To address our working capital requirements, management intends to seek additional equity and/or debt financing through the issuance of additional debt and/or equity securities. Other than the Lincoln Purchase Agreement, there are currently no formal committed financing arrangements to support our projected cash shortfall, including commitments to purchase additional debt and/or equity securities, or other agreements, and no assurances can be given that we will be successful in raising additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity securities, or entering into any other transaction that addresses our ability to continue as a going concern.
However, in view of the matters described in the preceding paragraphs, recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which, in turn, is dependent upon the Company’s ability to generate positive cash flows from operations. The Company, however, operates in markets that are emerging and highly competitive. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional capital, operate at a profit or generate positive cash flows in the future. Therefore, management’s plans do not alleviate the substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $8,009,000 during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to $11,267,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities consisted of net loss of $7,253,000 and an increase in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $438,000. Those amounts in addition to approximately $1,194,000 of non-cash income, including $2,252,000 in income from the change in fair value of derivative liabilities offset by $862,000 in stock-based compensation, $72,000 in depreciation and amortization and $124,000 from the application of rent deposits. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we generated cash of $690,000 from decreases in current assets offset by $20,000 from increases in our operating leases right-of-use assets and used cash of $410,000 through decreases in current liabilities and deferred revenue offset by increases of $178,000 in pension liability.
Net cash used in operating activities was $11,267,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to $10,310,000 during the year ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash used in operating activities consisted of net loss of $11,581,000 and an increase in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $287,000. Those amounts were offset by approximately $723,000 of non-cash costs and $696,000 in non-cash income. Non-cash costs were $652,000 in stock-based compensation and $71,000 in depreciation and amortization. Non-cash income consisted of $696,000 in the change in fair value of derivative liabilities. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we used cash of $209,000 from increases in current assets offset by $168,000 from decreases in our operating leases right-of-use assets and generated cash of $357,000 through increases in current liabilities and deferred revenue offset by $32,000 used from decreases in contract costs.
Investing Activities
There was no net cash used or generated from investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we used cash of $31,000 to fund capital expenditures.
Financing Activities
Cash generated from financing activities was approximately $15,475,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, which consisted of cash of approximately $12,060,000 generated from the sale of 12,060 shares of Series D Preferred. Such amount includes $2,187,000 received by the Company in the form of a Bridge Loan which was converted into shares of Series D Preferred before recognition of approximately $726,000 in cash direct stock issuance costs. We also generated cash of approximately $900,000 from the issuance of related party notes payable and generated cash of $1,571,000 from the issuance of the PPP Loan under the CARES Act. Also in the year ended December 31, 2020, we generated cash of approximately $2,360,000 from the sales of 15,700,000 shares of Common Stock before recognition of approximately $64,000 in direct stock issuance costs. We used cash of approximately $575,000 to repay certain related party notes payable and used cash of approximately $51,000 for the payment of dividends on our Series B Preferred.
Cash generated from financing activities was approximately $6,635,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, which consisted of cash generated of approximately $166,000 from the exercise of 351,334 stock options resulting in the issuance of 351,334 shares of Common Stock, and cash generated of $6,520,000 from the sale of 5,954,545 shares of Common Stock, offset by cash used of approximately $51,000 for the payment of dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock.
Real Property Leases
Our corporate headquarters is located in San Diego, California, where we now occupy approximately 500 square feet of office space at a cost of approximately $2,000 per month. We entered into this facility’s lease in February 2021 and this new lease commenced on March 1, 2021 and is on a month-to-month basis. In addition to our corporate headquarters, we also occupied the following spaces at December 31, 2020:
●
1,508 square feet in Ottawa, Province of Ontario, Canada, at a cost of approximately $3,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on March 31, 2021. The Company extended this lease for a 30-day period and is currently evaluating alternative premises which the Company believes are readily available;
●
9,720 square feet in Portland, Oregon, at a cost of approximately $23,000 per month until the expiration of the lease on February 28, 2023; and
●
183 square feet of office space in Mexico City, Mexico, at a cost of approximately $2,000 per month until September 30, 2021.
Prior to entering into our current lease agreement in January 2021 and moving our corporate headquarters to a new location, we occupied 8,511 square feet of office space in San Diego, at a cost of approximately $30,000 per month. In January 2021, we entered in a subleasing agreement for our previously occupied corporate headquarters located in San Diego, California. The term of the sublease commences on April 1, 2021 and expires on April 20, 2025 coterminous with the expiration of the Company's master lease. Sublease payments due the Company approximate $26,000 per month over the term of the sublease.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation related to equity options and restricted stock has been classified as follows in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Cost of revenue
$15
$13
General and administrative
Sales and marketing
Research and development
Total
$862
$643
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2020, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, special purpose or variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we did not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. As a result, we are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships. We do not have relationships and transactions with persons or entities that derive benefits from their non-independent relationship with us or our related parties except as disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), or other standard setting bodies, which are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company’s management believes the impact of recently issued standards not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption. See Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements for a detailed discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Impact of Inflation
The primary inflationary factor affecting our operations is labor costs, and we do not believe that inflation has materially affected earnings during the past four years. Substantial increases in costs and expense, particularly labor and operating expense, could have a significant impact on our operating results to the extent that such increases cannot be passed along to customers and end users.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our business extends to countries outside the United States, and we intend to continue to expand our foreign operations. As a result, our revenue and results of operations are affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates, and other uncertainties inherent in doing business in more than one currency. In addition, our operations are exposed to risks that are associated with changes in social, political, and economic conditions in the foreign countries in which we operate, including changes in the laws and policies that govern foreign investment, as well as, to a lesser extent, changes in United States laws and regulations relating to foreign trade and investment.
We had approximately $23,000 and $104,000 in revenue from sources outside the United States for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We made payments in foreign currencies to fund our foreign operations of approximately $1,015,000 and $983,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Changes in currency exchange rates affect the relative prices at which we sell our products and purchase goods and services. Given the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, we cannot estimate the effect of these fluctuations on our future business, product pricing, results of operations, or financial condition. We do not use foreign currency exchange contracts or derivative financial instruments for hedging or speculative purposes. To the extent foreign sales become a more significant part of our business in the future, we may seek to implement strategies which make use of these or other instruments in order to minimize the effects of foreign currency exchange on our business.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and the report of our independent registered public accounting firm are included in Item 15 of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our Management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15I and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of December 31, 2020. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.
(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2020 our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
(c) Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have determined that there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report identified in connection with the evaluation described in the above paragraph that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following sets forth certain information regarding each of our directors and executive officers.
Name
Age
Title/Position Held with the Company
Kristin Taylor
President, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Jay B. Lewis
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
James M. Demitrieus
Director
Douglas Morgan
Director
Lauren C. Anderson
Director
There are no familial relationships between any of the Company’s executive officers and directors listed above.
The following biographical information regarding the foregoing directors and officers of the Company following the Board Restructuring is presented below:
Kristin Taylor, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director. Ms. Taylor serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer since her appointment in March 2020 and as a member of our Board since May 2020, and is a seasoned innovative technology executive with over 20 years of experience in leading organizational modernization and developing go-to-market strategies. She formerly served as Principal of Veritas Lux since November 2019 and principal of Kristin Taylor Consulting since 2012, in which she developed a proprietary algorithmic methodology to weigh and rank the most influential global technical analysts. From 2017 to 2019, Ms. Taylor served as Global Vice President of Worldwide Analyst Relations at IBM and led the efforts to modernize and transform IBM's analyst relations organization to drive revenue, not just influence. From 2013 to 2017, she served as Vice President, Global Analyst and Public Relations at MediaTek, the third largest fabless semiconductor company in the world with a $30 billion market cap, where she led the buildout of a new global Public and Analyst Relations organization to penetrate the North American, European, Latin American, Russian and Indian markets. Prior to that, she served in various positions of increasing responsibility with Qualcomm from 1998 to 2010 including: Head of Industry Analyst Relations, Senior Director of Business Development, and Director of Information Technology. Ms. Taylor developed and commercialized a highly successful embedded computing module, designed for notebook computers which thrust Qualcomm into the computing sector in 2006 to create hundreds of millions of valuation as they expanded from mobile. Ms. Taylor earned her Bachelor's degree in Sociology and Business Management from the University of New Hampshire in Durham, New Hampshire.
Jay B. Lewis, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Lewis serves as our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since his appointment on January 8, 2021. On March 23, 2021, Mr. Lewis resigned from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective April 7, 2021. Mr. Lewis has over 20 years of experience as a senior financial officer of high growth public companies, and has raised over $300 million of capital including public and private equity, high-yield and other debt and executed over $400 million of M&A transactions. Mr. Lewis previously served as the Chief Financial Officer of ID Watchdog, Inc. from 2011 until 2017. ID Watchdog provided subscription-based identity theft protection and resolution services to individuals throughout the United States. Prior to the August 2017 sale to Equifax, Inc. it was a public company traded on the TSX Venture Exchange. As Chief Financial Officer he managed all finance, accounting, public company reporting, investor relations, tax matters and human resources as well as other administrative functions. Prior to ID Watchdog, Lewis served in various senior finance roles, including as Chief Financial Officer of Jones Media Networks, Ltd., which owned cable television networks and the fourth largest network radio company in the United States, and as Vice President of Finance and Treasurer of Jones International, Ltd., a holding company with controlling interests in cable television and other media and technology companies. Mr. Lewis is a Certified Public Accountant, an alumnus of EY, a Big-4 public accounting firm, and holds a Bachelor's degree in accounting from the University of Wyoming.
James M. Demitrieus. Mr. Demitrieus was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors on November 13, 2020. From March 2018 to present, Mr. Demitrieus has served as Managing Director of Jameson Associates, a specialty investment management and financial advisory firm. Prior to Jameson, he served in multiple positions at Eyelock Corporation beginning in 2009, including Chief Executive Officer from 2010 to 2018. Eyelock Corporation provides iris based biometric solutions to various business verticals. Prior to Eyelock Corporation, he served in various senior executive roles, including as President of Sherwood Valve, a division of Harsco Corporation, and as Chief Executive Officer at Aluma Systems. Earlier in Mr. Demitrieus’ career, he served in numerous senior accounting and finance roles, including with the public accounting firm of Arthur Andersen & Co. Mr. Demitrieus holds a Bachelor's in Business Administration from Adelphi University in New York.
Mr. Demitrieus was selected as a member of the Board due to his experience in the field of biometrics, as well as his extensive management, finance and accounting experience, that management believes will provide the Board with valuable insights regarding monetizing the Company’s product offerings and intellectual property.
Douglas Morgan. Mr. Morgan was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors on November 24, 2020. From March 2019 to present, Mr. Morgan has served as an Advisory Board member and Consultant to Clyra Medical Technologies, a biotechnology company specializing in wound healing and antimicrobial solutions, and prior to that as a Consultant to the public parent company, BioLargo (symbol: BLGO) on business strategy and a capital raise. He is CEO of Performance Strategies, Inc., a business and technology consulting firm where he has worked with companies across numerous sectors including security, payments and biotech, assisting them with financing strategies, market positioning, technology development and IP strategy. Earlier in his career, he helped found Hirsch Electronics, a security systems company known for its patented ScamblePad product. He served as Hirsch’s VP Engineering managing the development of their entire line of security systems and controllers, and later as a Director helped negotiate Hirsch’s merger with publicly traded Identiv (symbol: INVE) where he again served on the Board of Directors. He graduated Summa Cum Laude from both MIT with a BS in Computer Science, and Stanford University with an MS in Electrical Engineering, and was also a National Science Foundation Fellow.
Mr. Morgan was selected as a member of the Board due to his past experience in the Security industry, his background in intellectual property development and strategies, and his work and broad experience in business strategy, product definition and market positioning for technology-based companies.
Lauren C. Anderson. Ms. Anderson joined the Company’s Board in February 2021. She is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of LC Anderson International Consulting, founded in 2013. Ms. Anderson, a former Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI") Senior Executive, has a background in high risk, complex, domestic, and international environments and currently serves as an advisor to the U.S. Comptroller General at the Government Accountability Office on international security, intelligence, criminal justice, law enforcement, and women’s leadership. Ms. Anderson also serves as an advisor and special skilled role player for the U.S. Army, and she is an advisor with Stellar Solutions. Ms. Anderson worked in various leadership roles for the FBI from February 1984 until December 2012, and was the FBI Legal Attaché at United States Embassies in France and Morocco from March 2002 through November 2006. Ms. Anderson holds numerous professional awards and certifications, including achievement awards from the Director of National Intelligence, Legal Momentum, LIM College and Muhlenberg College. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a director emeritus for the Women's Forum of NY, served as a judge for the Women's Safety XPrize and the Stevie Awards, and is a mentor with the Women's Foreign Policy Group and Girl Security. She holds a security clearance and numerous certifications with the United States government. Ms. Anderson has an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, awarded in 2019, by LIM College, New York City, a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Muhlenberg College, in Allentown, Pennsylvania, and completed executive programs at each of Harvard Business School, Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management, Cambridge Judge Business School, and the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Garmisch, Germany.
Ms. Anderson was selected as a member of the Board due to her extensive experience as a security expert at the highest level within the Federal government, and her relationships with law enforcement and government agencies, each key markets for the Company.
There have been no events under any bankruptcy act, no criminal proceedings and no judgments or injunctions material to the evaluation of the ability and integrity of any director or nominee set forth above during the past ten years.
Board of Directors; Attendance at Meetings
The Board held four meetings and acted by unanimous written consent five times during the year ended December 31, 2020. Each director attended at least 75% of Board meetings during the year ended December 31, 2020. We have no formal policy with respect to the attendance of Board members at annual meetings of shareholders, but encourage all incumbent directors and director nominees to attend each annual meeting of shareholders.
Director Independence
Our Board has determined that all of its current members, other than Ms. Taylor, are “independent” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules regarding independence.
Board Committees and Charters
Our Board has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, each of which has the composition and responsibilities described below.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee provides assistance to the Board in fulfilling its legal and fiduciary obligations in matters involving our accounting, auditing, financial reporting, internal control and legal compliance functions by approving the services performed by our independent accountants and reviewing their reports regarding our accounting practices and systems of internal accounting controls. The Audit Committee also oversees the audit efforts of our independent accountants and takes those actions as it deems necessary to satisfy it that the accountants are independent of management. The Audit Committee currently consists of Messrs. Demitrieus (Committee Chair), and Morgan, each of whom is a non-management member of our Board. Mr. Demitrieus is also our Audit Committee financial expert, as currently defined under current SEC rules. The Audit Committee met four times during the year ended December 31, 2020. We believe that the composition of our Audit Committee meets the criteria for independence under, and the functioning of our Audit Committee complies with the applicable Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules and regulations.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee determines our general compensation policies and the compensation provided to our directors and officers. The Compensation Committee also reviews and determines bonuses for our officers and other employees. In addition, the Compensation Committee reviews and determines equity-based compensation for our directors, officers, employees and consultants and administers our stock option plans. The Compensation Committee currently consists of Messrs. Morgan (Committee Chair) and Demitrieus, each of whom is a non-management member of our Board. The Compensation Committee did not meet during the year ended December 31, 2020. All members of the Compensation Committee currently meet the criteria for independence under the applicable Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and SEC rules and regulations.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board regarding candidates for directorships and the size and composition of the Board. In addition, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing our corporate governance guidelines and reporting and making recommendations to the Board concerning corporate governance matters. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of all the members of the Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee did not meet during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Board Leadership Structure
Our Board has discretion to determine whether to separate or combine the roles of Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board. Prior to the appointment of Kristin Taylor as President and Chief Executive Officer on March 2, 2020, and during the year ended December 31, 2019, S. James Miller held the roles of both Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board since 1996, and our Board believed that at the time, his combined role was advantageous to the Company and its shareholders. Currently, Ms. Taylor serves as both Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board as the Board believes, at this time, her combined role is advantageous to the Company and its shareholders.
The Board maintains effective independent oversight through a number of governance practices, including open and direct communication with management, input on meeting agendas, and regular executive sessions.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our Common Stock and other equity securities. Such persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us and written representations that no other reports were required, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, all Section 16(a) filing requirements were complied with in a timely manner.
Board Role in Risk Assessment
Management, in consultation with outside professionals, as applicable, identifies risks associated with the Company’s operations, strategies and financial statements. Risk assessment is also performed through periodic reports received by the Audit Committee from management, counsel and the Company’s independent registered public accountants relating to risk assessment and management. Audit Committee members meet privately in executive sessions with representatives of the Company’s independent registered public accountants. The Board also provides risk oversight through its periodic reviews of the financial and operational performance of the Company.
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics policy that applies to our directors and employees (including the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions). The Company intends to promptly disclose (i) the nature of any amendment to this code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and (ii) the nature of any waiver, including an implicit waiver, from a provision of this code of ethics that is granted to one of these specified individuals, the name of such person who is granted the waiver and the date of the waiver on our website in the future. A copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics can be obtained from our website at http://www.iwsinc.com.
Indemnification of Officers and Directors
To the extent permitted by Delaware law, the Company will indemnify its directors and officers against expenses and liabilities they incur to defend, settle, or satisfy any civil or criminal action brought against them on account of their being or having been Company directors or officers unless, in any such action, they are adjudged to have acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth certain information about the compensation paid or accrued during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 to our Chief Executive Officer and each of our two most highly compensated executive officers other than our Chief Executive Officer who were serving as executive officers at December 31, 2020, and whose annual compensation exceeded $100,000 during such year or would have exceeded $100,000 during such year if the executive officer were employed by the Company for the entire fiscal year (collectively the “Named Executive Officers”).
Name and Principal Position (1)
Year
Salary
Bonus
Stock Awards
Option
Awards(2)(3)
All Other Compensation
Total
Kristin Taylor (4)
$
275,000
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
11,561
(8)
$
286,561
Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board
$
-
$
-
$
-
-
$
-
$
-
Sudheer Koganti
$
131,629
$
12,500
$
-
$
$
-
$
144,129
Vice President of Engineering
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
Chris Dickson
$
113,352
$
10,359
$
-
$
$
40,680
(9)
$
164,391
Vice President of Sales
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
S. James Miller, Jr. (5)
$
227,359
$
-
$
-
$
47,250
$
72,665
(10)
$
347,274
Former Chair of the Board and Former Chief Executive Officer
$
400,856
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
16,799
$
417,655
Jonathan Morris (6)
$
168,000
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
168,000
Former Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
David Harding (7)
$
152,778
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
26,086
(11)
$
178,864
Former Vice President and Chief Technical Officer
$
275,000
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
275,000
(1)
Jay B. Lewis was appointed as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company on January 8, 2021, after the fiscal year end date of December 31, 2020, and therefore has been excluded from the Summary Compensation Table above. On March 23, 2021, Mr. Lewis resigned from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective April 7, 2021.
(2)
All option awards were granted under the Company’s 2020 Plan or the 1999 Plan.
(3)
The amounts presented in this column do not reflect the cash value or realizable value of option grants to the named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2020 or 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, no named executive officer exercised an option and therefore no value was realized during the reporting period. The amounts reflect the grant date fair value of the options awarded in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718. We have elected to use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected life, and interest rates. We are required to make various assumptions in the application of the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and have determined that the best measure of expected volatility is based on the historical weekly volatility of our Common Stock. Historical volatility factors utilized in our Black-Scholes computations for options granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 ranged from 57% to 83%. We have elected to estimate the expected life of an award based upon the SEC approved “simplified method” noted under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14. The expected term used by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 5.17 years. The difference between the actual historical expected life and the simplified method was immaterial. The interest rate used is the risk-free interest rate and is based upon U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term. Interest rates used in the Company’s Black-Scholes calculations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 2.58%. Dividend yield is zero, as we do not expect to declare any dividends on shares of our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. In addition to the key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model, the estimated forfeiture rate at the time of valuation is a critical assumption. We have estimated an annualized forfeiture rate of 5.0% for corporate officers, 4.1% for members of the Board and 15.0% for all other employees. We review the expected forfeiture rate annually to determine if that percent is still reasonable based on historical experience.
(4)
Ms. Taylor was appointed as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer on March 2, 2020, and received no compensation prior to her employment. Under the terms of Kristin Taylor’s Employment Agreement, dated March 2, 2020, Ms. Taylor is entitled to an option to purchase 1,750,000 shares of Common Stock, which option has not been granted as of the date of this Annual Report, pending the negotiation of a new grant since the consummation of the offering of Series D Preferred in November 2020.
(5)
Effective November 12, 2020, Mr. Miller, Former Chief Executive Officer of the Company, resigned from his position as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company. Although Mr. Miller currently provides consulting services to the Company under the terms of an Amended and Restated Consulting Agreement (“Consulting Agreement”), such Consulting Agreement terminates on April 12, 2021.
(6)
Mr. Morris was appointed as the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on May 1, 2020, and received no compensation prior to his employment. Effective December 31, 2020, Mr. Morris’s employment as an officer and employee of the Company was terminated by mutual agreement between Mr. Morris and the Company.
(7)
Effective July 21, 2020, Mr. Harding resigned from his position with the Company.
(8)
Includes group benefits paid to all employees of the Company.
(9)
Includes $31,126 paid to Mr. Dickson in commissions earned during the fiscal year, and $9,554 in group benefits paid to all employees of the Company.
(10)
Includes $39,315 in accrued paid time off paid to Mr. Miller upon his resignation, and $33,350 in group benefits paid to all employees of the Company.
(11)
Includes $17,029 in accrued paid time off paid to Mr. Harding upon his resignation, and $9,057 in group benefits paid to all employees of the Company.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth information regarding unexercised options, stock that has not vested and equity incentive awards held by each of the then Named Executive Officers outstanding as of December 31, 2020:
Option Awards
Stock Awards
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options:
Exercisable (#)
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options:
Unexercisable (#)
Option
Exercise
Price
($)
Option
Expiration
Date
Number of Shares That
Have Not Vested
(#)
Market Value of Shares That Have Not Vested
($)
Named Executive Officers (1)
Sudheer Koganti
-
100,000
0.13
7/29/2030
100,000
$-
Chris Dickson
-
100,000
0.13
7/29/2030
100,000
$-
Former Named Executive Officers
David Harding
-
-
$N/A
N/A
-
$-
S. James Miller, Jr.
-
-
$N/A
N/A
-
$-
(1)
Jay B. Lewis was appointed as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company on January 8, 2021, after the fiscal year end date of December 31, 2020, and therefore has been excluded from the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table above. On March 23, 2021, Mr. Lewis resigned from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective April 7, 2021.
Under the terms of Kristin Taylor’s Employment Agreement, dated March 2, 2020, Ms. Taylor is entitled to an option to purchase 1,750,000 shares of Common Stock, which option has not been granted as of the date of this Annual Report, pending the negotiation of a new grant since the consummation of the offering of Series D Preferred in November 2020.
Employment Agreements
Kristin Taylor. On March 2, 2020, we entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Kristin Taylor, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. This agreement provides for an annual base salary of $330,000 for a period of 24 months effective April 10, 2020. Ms. Taylor’s annual base salary was increased to $350,000 effective February 1, 2021. Ms. Taylor’s employment agreement also provides for (i) the grant of a stock option to purchase 1.75 million shares of the Company's Common Stock, which stock option has not been issued as of the date of this Annual Report. Upon issuance, the stock option shall vest in three equal annual installments beginning one year from the date of the employment agreement; (ii) an annual bonus equal to 100% of Ms. Taylor's annual salary upon meeting the following performance objectives: (a) the Company establishing a major partnership that generates $1.5 million in revenue during the calendar year 2020; (b) the Company achieving positive cash flow by the year ended December 31, 2020; (c) the Company's operating loss being reduced by a minimum of 50% by the year ended December 31, 2020; and (d) total sales exceeding $10.0 million in 2020, with each objective equal to 25% of the total bonus objective. If all performance objectives are met, Ms. Taylor will be granted an additional stock option to purchase 500,000 shares of Common Stock. In the event of termination of her employment other than by reason of death or disability, or for cause, the employment agreement is also anticipated to provide Ms. Taylor with certain severance payments, including continuation of her salary for the greater of one year or the remaining term under her employment agreement.
Jay Lewis. Mr. Lewis joined the Company as its Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on January 7, 2021. The Company and Mr. Lewis are parties to a letter agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Lewis will be paid an annual base salary of $240,000. In addition to other benefits provided to the Company’s executives, he will be issued an option to purchase that number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to not less than 2% of the Company’s fully diluted shares of Common Stock, determined in the discretion of the Board of Directors, at an exercise price based on the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant. The option shall vest ratably over a three-year period from the date of grant. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Company has not issued the option.
On March 23, 2021, Mr. Lewis resigned from his position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective April 7, 2021.
Former Named Executive Officers
S. James Miller, Jr. On October 1, 2005, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Miller, pursuant to which Mr. Miller served as President and Chief Executive Officer until his resignation on March 2, 2020. On March 2, 2020, the Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement (the “Transition Agreement”) with Mr. Miller, whereby Mr. Miller continued to serve the Company as its Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors until May 2, 2021; however, the Transition Agreement was terminated on November 13, 2020, when the Company and Mr. Miller entered into the Consulting Agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”). Under the Consulting Agreement, Mr. Miller is to provide consulting services for up to 16 hours per week in consideration for the payment to Mr. Miller of a monthly consulting fee of $19,000 payable for five months or through until April 12, 2021 (the “Termination Date”). In addition, Mr. Miller is entitled to a commission equal to 1.0% of all amounts actually paid to the Company resulting from certain contracts and/or purchase orders received by the Company prior to the Termination Date, provided the Company receives at least $1.7 million in revenue from such contracts and/or purchase orders. In all cases, the maximum commission that Mr. Miller may receive based on the foregoing is $228,000. In addition, Mr. Miller was entitled to 525,000 vested restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and his remaining 262,000 RSUs were terminated.
David Harding. On January 1, 2013, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Mr. David Harding, pursuant to which Mr. Harding served as the Company’s Vice President and Chief Technical Officer until his resignation on July 21, 2020. The Agreement was originally for a one-year term, ending on December 31, 2013; however, the Agreement was amended to extend the expiration date to December 31, 2020. Under the terms of the Agreement, Mr. Harding was paid a semi-monthly base salary of $9,375. Following his resignation, Mr. Harding received his then current salary accrued through the effective date of his resignation, plus accrued compensation in connection with unused vacation.
For purposes of the above-referenced agreements, termination for “cause” means the executive’s commission of a criminal act or an act of fraud, embezzlement, breach of trust or other act of gross misconduct; violations of policies or rules of the Company; refusal to follow the direction given by the Company from time to time or breach of any covenant or obligation under the above-referenced agreements or other agreements with the Company; neglect of duty; misappropriation, concealment, or conversion of any money or property of the Company; intentional damage or destruction of property of the Company; reckless conduct which endangers the safety of other persons or property during the course of employment or while on premises leased or owned by the Company; or a breach of any obligation or requirement set forth in the above-referenced agreements. A “change in control” as used in these agreements generally means the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) the acquisition by any person or group of 50% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting stock; (ii) the consummation of a merger, consolidation, reorganization, or similar transaction other than a transaction: (1) in which substantially all of the holders of the Company’s voting stock hold or receive directly or indirectly 50% or more of the voting stock of the resulting entity or a parent company thereof, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to the transaction, or (2) in which the holders of the Company’s capital stock immediately before such transaction will, immediately after such transaction, hold as a group on a fully diluted basis the ability to elect at least a majority of the directors of the surviving corporation (or a parent company); (iii) there is consummated a sale, lease, exclusive license, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries, other than a sale, lease, license, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries to an entity, 50% or more of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by the Company’s shareholders in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to such sale, lease, license, or other disposition; or (iv) individuals who, on the date the applicable agreement was adopted by the Board, are directors (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the directors; provided, however, that if the appointment or election (or nomination for election) of any new director was approved or recommended by a majority vote of the members of the Incumbent Board then still in office, such new member shall, for purposes of the applicable agreement, be considered as a member of the Incumbent Board.
Other than as set forth above, there were no arrangements or understandings between the Company’s Named Executive Officers and any other person pursuant to which they were appointed as officers as of December 31, 2020. None of the Company’s Named Executive Officers as of December 31, 2020 had a family relationship that is required to be disclosed under Item 401(d) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
As of March 12, 2021, we had five classes of voting stock issued and outstanding: (i) Common Stock; (ii) our Series A Preferred; (iii) our Series A-1 Preferred; (iv) our Series B Preferred; and (v) our Series D Preferred. The following tables sets forth information regarding shares of Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred, Series D Preferred and Common Stock beneficially owned as of March 12, 2021.
The following tables set forth information regarding shares of Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred, Series D Preferred, and Common Stock beneficially owned as of March 12, 2021 by
(i)
Each of our officers and directors;
(ii)
All officer and directors as a group; and
(iii)
Each person known by us to beneficially own five percent or more of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock, Series A Preferred, Series A-1 Preferred, Series B Preferred and Series D Preferred.
Percent ownership is calculated based on 6,148.7 shares of Series A Preferred, 5,922.0 shares of Series A-1 Preferred, 239,400 shares of Series B Preferred, 22,661.3 shares of Series D Preferred and 274,959,927 shares Common Stock outstanding as of March 12, 2021.
Beneficial Ownership of Series A Preferred
Name, Address and Title (if applicable) (1)
Series A Preferred Stock (2)(3)
% Ownership of Class (3)
5% Shareholders:
CAP 1 LLC (4)
Quail Spring Parkway, Suite 2200
Oklahoma City, OK 73134
12.2%
Wynnefield Partners (5)
450 7th Ave. Suite
New York, NY,
6.1%
Charles Frischer
4404 52nd Avenue NE
Seattle, WA 98105
9.4%
Neal Goldman
767 Third Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, NY
2,358.5
38.4%
* less than 1%
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series A Preferred are excluded from this table. The business address of each of the executive officers and directors is 11440 W. Bernardo Court, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92127.
(2)
In connection with a private placement transaction completed in November and December 23, 2020 (the “Series D Financing”), all of the outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred will be converted into shares of Common Stock over a period of time with 100% of the such outstanding shares being converted by August 1, 2021.
(3)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
(4)
Mr. David Sackler, President of CAP I LLC, may be deemed to have voting and investment discretion over the securities identified herein.
(5)
Wynnefield Partners owns shares in its Wynnefield Partners SmallCap Value Fund, Wynnefield Partners SmallCap Value LP 1 Funds, and its Wynnefield SmallCap Value Offshore Fund.
Beneficial Ownership of Series A-1 Preferred
Name, Address and Title (if applicable)(1)
Series A-1
Preferred Stock(2)(3)
% Ownership
of Class (3)
5% Shareholders:
CAP 1 LLC (4)
Quail Spring Parkway, Suite 2200
Oklahoma City, OK 73134
12.7%
Wynnefield Partners (5)
6.3%
450 7th Ave. Suite
New York, NY,
Charles Frischer
4404 52nd Avenue NE
Seattle, WA 98105
576.5
9.7%
Neal Goldman
767 Third Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, NY
2,358.5
39.8%
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series A-1 Preferred are excluded from this table. The business address of each of the executive officers and directors is 11440 W. Bernardo Court, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92127.
(2)
In connection with the Series D Financing, all of the outstanding shares of Series A-1 Preferred will be converted into shares of Common Stock over a period of time with 100% of such outstanding shares being converted by August 1, 2021.
(3)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
(4)
Mr. David Sackler, President of CAP I LLC, may be deemed to have voting and investment discretion over the securities identified herein.
(5)
Wynnefield Partners owns shares in its Wynnefield Partners SmallCap Value Fund, Wynnefield Partners SmallCap Value LP 1 Funds, and its Wynnefield SmallCap Value Offshore Fund.
Beneficial Ownership of Series B Preferred
Name, Address and Title (if applicable) (1)
Series B
Preferred Stock (2)
% Ownership
of Class (2)
Darrelyn Carpenter
28,000
12%
Howard Harrison
20,000
8%
Wesley Hampton
16,000
7%
Frederick C. Orton
20,000
8%
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series B Preferred are excluded from this table. The business address of each of the executive officers and directors is 11440 W. Bernardo Court, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92127.
(2)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
Beneficial Ownership of Series D Preferred
Series D Preferred
% Ownership of
Name, Address and Title (if applicable) (1)
Stock (2)
Class (2)
Blackwell Partners LLC (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
2,421.7
10.7%
Nantahala Capital Partners Limited Partnership (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
945.4
4.2%
Nantahala Capital Partners II Limited Partnership (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
2,755.9
12.2%
Nantahala Capital Partners SI LP (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
7,146.9
31.5%
NCP QR LP (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
1,095.5
4.8%
Plum Investments L.P. (4)
S. San Gabriel Blvd.
San Gabriel, CA 91776
1,509.0
6.7%
Silver Creek CS SAV, L.L.C. (3)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
721.6
3.2%
* less than 1%
(1)
Each of the Company’s Named Executive Officers and directors who do not hold shares of Series D Preferred are excluded from this table.
(2)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.
(3)
Nantahala Capital Management, LLC is a Registered Investment Adviser and has been delegated the legal power to vote and/or direct the disposition of securities on behalf of these entities as a General Partner or Investment Manager and would be considered the beneficial owner of such securities. The above shall not be deemed to be an admission by the record owners that they are themselves beneficial owners of these shares of Series C Preferred for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act or any other purpose.
(4)
Tom Y. Lee, G.P. of Plum Investments L.P., may be deemed to hold voting and dispositive power over the shares identified herein.
Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock
Number
Percent
Name and Address
of Shares (1)
of Class (2)
Directors and Named Executive Officers:
Kristin Taylor, President and Chief Executive Officer
-
*
Jay Lewis, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
-
*
James M. Demitrieus
-
*
Douglas Morgan
-
*
Lauren C. Anderson
-
*
Total beneficial ownership of Directors and Named Executive Officers as a group (five persons):
-
*
5% Shareholders:
Blackwell Partners LLC (3)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
42,426,169
15.46%
Nantahala Capital Partners Limited Partnership (5)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
16,652,077
6.1%
Nantahala Capital Partners II Limited Partnership (6)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
48,134,518
17.57%
Nantahala Capital Partners SI LP (7)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT
125,675,253
46.2%
NCP QR LP (8)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
19 Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT
19,473,850
7.2%
Neal Goldman (9)
767 Third Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, NY10017
86,667,547
28.9%
Plum Investments (10)
S. San Gabriel Blvd.
San Gabriel, CA 91776
39,421,295
14.5%
Silver Creek CS, SAV, L.L.C (11)(4)
c/o Nantahala Capital Management, LLC
Old Kings Highway South, Suite 200
Darien, CT 06820
12,744,891
4.7%
W Ryan Goldman (12) 570 Lawrence Ave
Westfield, NJ.
17,152,659
6.3%
Shellback Financial (13)
54th Ave N
Minneapolis, MN.
17,255,575
6.3%
* less than 1%
(1)
All entries exclude beneficial ownership of shares issuable pursuant to options, warrants, or other convertible securities that have not vested, are not convertible, or that are not otherwise exercisable as of the date hereof, or which will not become vested, convertible or exercisable within 60 days of March 12, 2021.
(2)
Percentages are rounded to the nearest one-tenth of one percent. Percentages are based on 272,239,927 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 12, 2021. Options, warrants, and other convertible securities that are presently convertible or exercisable, or convertible or exercisable within 60 days of March 12, 2021 are deemed to be beneficially owned by the shareholder holding the options, warrants, or other convertible securities for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that shareholder, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of any other shareholder.
(3)
Includes 41,538,593 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 2,421.7 shares of Series D Preferred issued in the Series D Financing, of which 1,280 shares of Series D Preferred were received in exchange for 128 shares of Series C Preferred on November 12, 2020.
(4)
Nantahala Capital Management, LLC is a Registered Investment Adviser and has been delegated the legal power to vote and/or direct the disposition of securities on behalf of this entity as a General Partner or Investment Manager and would be considered the beneficial owner of such securities. Wilmot B. Harkley and Daniel Mack, as principles of Nantahala Capital Management, LLC, may be deemed to hold voting and dispositive power over the shares identified herein. The above shall not be deemed to be an admission by the record owners or these selling shareholders that they are themselves beneficial owners of these shares of securities for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act or any other purpose.
(5)
Includes 16,216,124 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 945.4 shares of Series D Preferred.
(6)
Includes 47,271,012 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 2,755.9 shares of Series D Preferred.
(7)
Includes 122,588,336 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 7,146.9 shares of Series D Preferred issued in the Series D Financing, of which 3,970 shares of Series D Preferred were received in exchange for 397 shares of Series C Preferred on November 12, 2020.
(8)
Includes 18,790,738 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 1,095.5 shares of Series D Preferred.
(9)
Includes 11,792,500 shares issuable upon the conversion of Series A Preferred, 11,792,500 shares issuable upon the conversion of Series A-1 Preferred, 4,006,861 shares issuable upon the conversion of Series D Preferred, and 112,838 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants exercisable within 60 days of March 12, 2021. Mr. Goldman exercises sole voting and dispositive power over 72,158,770 shares, including the aforementioned Series A conversion shares, Series A-1 conversion shares, Series D conversion shares, stock options and warrants, and shared voting and dispositive power over 14,508,777 reported shares, of which 3,000,000 shares are owned by the Goldman Family 2012 GST Trust, 11,361,077 are held in an individual retirement account, and 147,700 shares are owned by The Neal and Marlene Goldman Foundation.
(10)
Includes 25,883,362 shares issuable upon the conversion of 1,509 shares of Series D Preferred. Tom Y. Lee, G.P. of Plum Investments L.P., may be deemed to hold voting and dispositive power over the shares identified herein.
(11)
Includes 12,377,358 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 721.6 shares of Series D Preferred.
(12)
Includes 17,152,659 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 1,000 shares of Series D Preferred.
(13)
Includes 17,255,575 shares issuable upon the conversion of approximately 1,006 shares of Series D Preferred.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Notes Payable
Factoring Agreement
On February 12, 2020, the Company entered into a factoring agreement (the "Factoring Agreement") with a former member of the Company’s Board of Directors (the "Factoring Lender"). Under the Factoring Agreement, the Company received $350,000 in proceeds (the "Factoring Principal") in the form of a loan, bearing interest at a rate of 1% for every seven days until the Factoring Principal and accrued interest are paid in full, with a maturity date of March 4, 2020. Pursuant to the Factoring Agreement, repayment of the Factoring Principal and accrued interest was secured by certain of the Company’s trade accounts receivable approximating $500,000 (the "Factoring Collateral"). During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $45,000 in interest expense related to the Factoring Agreement. In May 2020, the Company repaid $35,000 in accrued interest to the Factoring Lender. As a condition to the consummation of the Company's offer and sale (the "Closing") of shares of its Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 ("Series D Preferred") (the "Series D Financing"), the Factoring Lender agreed to settle the entire Factoring Principal plus accrued interest and release the Company from liabilities due under the Factoring Agreement in exchange for a one-time payment of $360,000 (the "Factoring Settlement") to be made upon the Closing, and out of the proceeds, of the Series D Financing. On November 16, 2020, the Company fulfilled its obligation under the Factoring Settlement, thereby releasing it from its obligation under the Factoring Agreement.
Convertible Promissory Notes
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received advances from another former member of the Board of Directors (the "Board Lender") in the aggregate amount of $450,000. On June 29, 2020, the Company executed a promissory note (the "Board Note") in the favor of the Board Lender in the principal amount of $450,000 (the "Board Note Principal"), pursuant to which the Board Note Principal accrued simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum and was convertible into shares of the Company's Common Stock at $0.16 per share of Common Stock at the election of the Board Lender. The Board Note was to mature on the earlier to occur of (i) October 13, 2020, or (ii) on such date that the Company consummates a debt and/or equity financing resulting in net proceeds to the Company of at least $3.0 million.
Also, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received advances from an additional former member of the Board of Directors (the "Second Board Lender") in the aggregate amount of $100,000. On June 29, 2020, the Company executed a promissory note (the "Second Board Note", and collectively with the Board Note, the "Board Notes") in the principal amounts of $100,000 (the "Second Board Note Principal"), pursuant to which the Second Board Note Principal accrued simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum and was convertible into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at $0.16 per share of Common Stock at the election of the Second Board Lender. The Second Board Note was to mature on the earlier to occur of (i) October 13, 2020, or (ii) on such date that the Company consummates a debt and/or equity financing resulting in net proceeds to the Company of at least $3.0 million.
On November 12, 2020, in connection with the Closing of the Series D Financing, the Board Lenders entered into (i) Debt Exchange Agreements (collectively, the "Debt Exchange Agreements"), and (ii) Satisfaction and Release Agreements (collectively, the "Release Agreements"), for the purpose of satisfying certain obligations of the Company arising under (i) the Board Note, and (ii) the Second Board Note. Pursuant to the Debt Exchange Agreements and Release Agreements: (a) one-half of the Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $232,000 was converted into 231.6 shares of Series D Preferred at a rate of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred, with the remaining one-half of the Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $232,000, to be paid to the Board Lender in cash out of proceeds of the Series D Financing, in full satisfaction of the Company's obligations under the Board Note; and (b) the entire Second Board Note Principal plus accrued interest, totaling approximately $103,000, was converted into 102.8 shares of Series D Preferred at a rate of $1,000 per share of Series D Preferred, in full satisfaction of the Company's obligations under the Second Board Note.
Professional Services Agreement
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into professional services agreement with a firm affiliated with a member of the Company’s Board at the time the parties entered into the agreement. The Company made no payments pursuant to this agreement during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and has made approximately $34,000 during 2021. The Company anticipates no further payments for the remainder of 2021.
Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons
As provided in the charter of our Audit Committee, it is our policy that we will not enter into any transactions required to be disclosed under Item 404 of the SEC’s Regulation S-K unless the Audit Committee or another independent body of our Board first reviews and approves the transactions.
In addition, pursuant to our Code of Ethical Conduct and Business Practices, all employees, officers and directors of ours and our subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in any relationship or financial interest that is an actual or potential conflict of interest with us without approval. Employees, officers and directors are required to provide written disclosure to the Chief Executive Officer as soon as they have any knowledge of a transaction or proposed transaction with an outside individual, business or other organization that would create a conflict of interest or the appearance of one.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The following table represents aggregate fees billed to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 by Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C. (“MHM”), the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. Substantially all of MHM’s personnel, who work under the control of MHM shareholders, are employees of wholly-owned subsidiaries of CBIZ, Inc., which provides personnel and various services to MHM in an alternative practice structure.
Fiscal Year Ended
Audit fees
$291,000
$374,000
Audit-related fees
-
-
Tax fees
-
-
All other fees
-
-
Total Fees
$291,000
$374,000
The Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors approved all fees described above.
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures.
The Audit Committee has adopted a policy and procedures for the pre-approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by our independent auditor, currently MHM. The policy generally pre-approves specified services in the defined categories of audit services, audit-related services, and tax services up to specified amounts. Pre-approval may also be given as part of the Audit Committee’s approval of the scope of the engagement of the independent auditor or on an individual explicit case-by-case basis before the independent auditor is engaged to provide each service. The pre-approval of services may be delegated to one or more of the Audit Committee’s members, but the decision must be reported to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.
During 2019, the Audit Committee has applied the de minimis exception to fees paid of approximately $2,000 or 1% total fees paid to the Company’s independent accountant. Such fees relate to tax return preparation fees for one of the Company’s dormant foreign subsidiaries. There were no such fees paid in 2020.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report:
Exhibit No.
Description
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 27, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed November 15, 2005).
3.1
Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Annex B to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed November 15, 2005).
3.2
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 14, 2011).
3.3
Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 16, 2017).
3.4
Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 2, 2015).
3.5
Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series F Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 9, 2016).
3.6
Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
3.7
Amendment No. 1 to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
3.8
Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 19, 2017).
3.9
Certificate of Elimination of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 19, 2017).
3.10
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 13, 2018).
3.11
Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
3.12
Amendment No. 1 to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
3.13
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
3.14
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
3.15
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
3.16
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
3.17
Certificate of Designations, Preferences, and Rights of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock of ImageWare Systems, Inc., dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
4.1
Form of Amendment to Warrant, dated March 21, 2012, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.16 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed April 4, 2012).
4.2
Form of Warrant, dated September 10, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
10.1
Employment Agreement, dated September 27, 2005, between the Company and S. James Miller (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 30, 2005).
10.2
Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by the Company with its directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (No. 333-93131), filed December 20, 1999, as amended).
10.3
Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Plan Award (incorporated by reference to Appendix B of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed November 21, 2007).
10.4
Form of Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 14, 2005).
10.5
Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB, filed November 14, 2001).
10.6
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 25, 2007, by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 26, 2007).
10.7
Office Space Lease between I.W. Systems Canada Company and GE Canada Real Estate Equity, dated July 25, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.8
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 29, 2008 by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.9
Change of Control and Severance Benefits Agreement, dated September 27, 2008, between Company and Charles Aubuchon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.10
Change of Control and Severance Benefits Agreement, dated September 27, 2008, between Company and David Harding (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.11
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated September 27, 2008, between the Company and S. James Miller (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.12
Form of Convertible Note dated November 14, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.13
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated April 6, 2009, between the Company and S. James Miller (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.14
Office Space Lease between the Company and Allen W. Wooddell, dated July 25, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.15
Third Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated December 10, 2009, between the Company and S. James Miller (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 24, 2010).
10.16
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 12, 2011, by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2011).
10.17
Note Exchange Agreement, dated December 12, 2011, by and between the Company and certain accredited investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2011).
10.18
Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated March 10, 2011, between the Company and S. James Miller, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed January 17, 2012).
10.19
Fifth Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated January 31, 2012, between the Company and S. James Miller, Jr., (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed April 4, 2012.
10.20
Employment Agreement, dated January 1, 2013, between the Company and Wayne Wetherell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 7, 2013).
10.21
Employment Agreement, dated January 1, 2013, between the Company and David Harding (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 7, 2013).
10.22
Convertible Promissory Note dated March 27, 2013 issued by the Company to Neal Goldman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed April 1, 2013).
10.23
Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note, dated March 12, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 13, 2014).
10.24
Note Exchange Agreement, dated January 29, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 2, 2015).
10.25
Sixth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between S. James Miller and the Company, dated November 1, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 7, 2013).
10.26
Seventh Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between S. James Miller, Jr. and the Company, dated January 9, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 15, 2015).
10.27
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between Wayne Wetherell and the Company, dated January 9, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 15, 2015).
10.28
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David E. Harding and the Company, dated January 9, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 15, 2015).
10.29
Amendment No. 3 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated December 8, 2014 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 10, 2014).
10.30
Third Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between Wayne Wetherell and the Company, dated December 14, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2015).
10.31
Third Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David E. Harding and the Company, dated December 14, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2015).
10.32
Eighth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between S. James Miller and the Company, dated December 14, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2015).
10.33
Amendment No. 4 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated March 8, 2016 (incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 10, 2017).
10.34
Convertible Promissory Note, dated March 9, 2016 (incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 10, 2017).
10.35
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 7, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 9, 2016).
10.36
Amendment No. 5 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated January 23, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-K, filed January 26, 2017).
10.37
Form of Subscription Agreement for Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
10.38
Form of Exchange Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
10.39
Ninth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between James Miller, Jr. and the Company, dated October 20, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
10.40
Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between Wayne Wetherell and the Company, dated October 20, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 30, 2016).
10.41
Fourth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David E. Harding and the Company, dated October 20, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 30, 2016).
10.42
Amendment No. 2 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated May 10, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 12, 2017).
10.43
Amendment No. 6 to Convertible Promissory Note, dated May 10, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 12, 2017).
10.44
Form of Subscription Agreement for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 19, 2017).
10.45
Form of Exchange Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 19, 2017).
10.46
Fifth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David E. Harding and the Company, dated February 7, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 13, 2018).
10.47
Tenth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between James Miller, Jr. and the Company, dated February 8, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 13, 2018).
10.48
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement for Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
10.49
Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
10.50
Placement Agency Agreement, by and between the Company and Northland Capital Markets (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
10.51
Form of Exchange Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 13, 2018).
10.52
Eleventh Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between James Miller, Jr. and the Company, dated January 31, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 1, 2019).
10.53
Sixth Amendment to Employment Agreement, by and between David Harding and the Company, dated January 31, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 1, 2019).
10.54
Securities Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and Triton, dated February 20, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 27, 2020.
10.55
Employment Agreement between the Company and Kristin Taylor, dated April 10, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 15, 2020).
10.56
Purchase Agreement, by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated April 28, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 30, 2020).
10.57
Registration Rights Agreement, by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated April 28, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 30, 2020).
10.58
Note Payable Agreement by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and COMERICA BANK, dated April 30, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 11, 2020).
10.59
Consulting Agreement by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and S. James Miller, dated November 13, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
10.60
Debt Exchange Agreement and Satisfaction and Release by and between ImageWare Systems, Inc. and S. James Miller, dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
10.61
Debt Exchange Agreement and Satisfaction and Release by and between ImgeWare Systems, Inc. and Neal Goldman, dated November 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2020).
10.62
Amendment to the ImageWare Systems, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
21.1
List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by referenced to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 24, 2010).
23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1
Certification of CEO as Required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14, filed herewith.
31.2
Certification of CFO as Required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14, filed herewith.
Certification of CEO and CFO as Required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(b) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(b)) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, filed herewith.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase