EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1845815
Filing Year: 2023
Filename: 1845815_10-K_2023_0001558370-23-002357.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1. Business.
Unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company”, “Payoneer”, “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms refer to Payoneer Inc. for the period prior to the Closing Date (as defined below) and to Payoneer Global Inc., for the period thereafter.
Overview
Payoneer is a financial technology company empowering the world’s small and medium-sized businesses (“SMB(s)”) to transact, do business and grow globally. Payoneer was founded in 2005 with the belief that talent is equally distributed, but opportunity is not. It is our mission to enable anyone anywhere to participate and succeed in the global digital economy. In the 18 years since our founding, we have built a global financial platform that has already made it easier for millions of SMBs, particularly in emerging markets, to pay and get paid, manage their funds, and grow their business.
Payoneer’s cross-border payment solutions makes it easier for SMBs to pay and get paid quickly, reliably, and cost-effectively, regardless of where they do business. Our core value proposition for customers is the Payoneer Account, which is a secure, regulated payment infrastructure platform that offers a global, multi-currency account to businesses of any size from almost every country.
Payoneer serves SMBs worldwide in a wide variety of industries. They are exporters selling goods cross-border to consumers and businesses, freelancers and businesses capitalizing on the digitization of the workplace and remote work, services companies exporting their capability to international clients, vacation rental hosts reopening after the pandemic, and digital creators delivering their content to customers around the world and more. Given the diverse nature of Payoneer’s customers and their businesses, our revenues experience seasonal fluctuations as a result of consumer and businesses spending patterns.
Our SMB customers have similar financial needs to larger companies, including the need to find customers, manage their business, get paid quickly and reliably and make cost-effective payments everywhere they do business, manage their supply chain, identify new growth opportunities, access capital, and manage risk. Payoneer provides a broad range of services to enable SMBs to more easily build, manage, and grow their business globally.
We built a financial network for the future of global trade which spans more than 190 countries and territories. In 2022, Payoneer supported transactions in over 7,000 unique trade corridors and enabled local settlement in more than 100 countries. Our global platform is built on bank-grade security, stability and redundancy. Our ability to reach and serve customers at scale is supported by our modern technology infrastructure, our ability to offer a broad product suite, a global operations team, and data and machine learning capabilities.
We have also built a meaningful brand in the global digital commerce ecosystem. This awareness allows us greater leverage with our marketing efforts. The majority of new customers that sign up to Payoneer come organically to our website, and we get many additional customers from customer referrals and via our partners. This reduces our cost of customer acquisition, improving the efficiency of our sales and marketing efforts. In addition, we have sales teams based in key market hubs around the world, host dozens of virtual and physical events annually that attract tens of thousands of businesses to help them connect and learn about new growth opportunities, and market online in targeted channels.
We have grown rapidly since our founding. In the year ended December 31, 2022, our volume and revenue grew by 8% and 33%, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Volume was $61.3 billion and $56.7 billion and revenue was $627.6 million and $473.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Global Trends: A Changing World Drives Unmet Needs and Opportunity
Since our founding, we have focused our efforts on several powerful secular trends that are creating significant opportunities for new types of services and service providers.
Digitalization is Accelerating
More people and businesses are engaging a greater amount of their activities online than ever before, driving the rapid growth of digital commerce for businesses and consumers all over the world. Business-to business (“B2B”) digital commerce is even bigger than
retail eCommerce and according to third-party research has grown even more quickly than consumer eCommerce, with B2B digital commerce industry volume expected to be $42.7 trillion by 2026.
Cross-border Commerce is a Substantial and Growing Portion of Digital Commerce
The growth of digitalization has also eased the ability for people and businesses in different places around the world to communicate, interact and transact. As a result, we have seen dramatic growth of cross-border activity of many types, including content consumption, communication, and commerce. This growth in cross-border commerce is changing the way people buy and sell and increasing the opportunity and need for new payment and commerce-enabling solutions to support cross-border trading businesses.
At the same time however, global businesses routinely have to deal with local requirements in each of the markets with which they trade, requiring them to manage multiple strategic banking relationships globally and resulting in increased cost and delay. Establishing a banking relationship in each market, for example, is often hard to achieve, very time consuming and difficult to complete remotely, requiring meaningful investment. For digital businesses that operate online, it is difficult to find one partner that can help them cover the globe. To optimize their global business, digital merchants have needed to work with and manage multiple partners that are optimized for each region in which they sell.
Emerging Markets are Driving Global Economic Growth
Emerging markets account for half of global GDP and 2/3 of global GDP growth over the past decade. Emerging markets are home to more than half of the world’s population and have a median age of 34. Constrained by limited local markets and resources, many of these SMBs are digitally native and global from inception. Many markets have leapfrogged their developed economy counterparts on the export stage.
Despite their digital maturity, many SMBs doing business in these emerging markets have access to only the most basic services offered by their local financial institutions. Global banking and payment services mostly remain out of reach, forcing emerging market SMBs to seek alternative methods of payment. Payoneer taps into the growth opportunity of these markets by enabling the SMBs in these markets to do business globally.
Marketplaces and Platform Ecosystems are Growing Rapidly
A key driver and beneficiary of these trends is the emergence of marketplaces and platforms as aggregators of digital commerce. They bring together large numbers of buyers and sellers from a wide range of geographies and across a variety of categories, including eCommerce, B2B, digital services, remote work, travel customer base, content creation, gaming, e-learning, accounting services and more.
Marketplaces and platforms represented over 67% of consumer digital commerce in 2021, up from 62% in 2020, growing faster than digital commerce in general. The marketplace business model has become very global and Payoneer now works with marketplaces and platforms in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, South America, and North America. We support these marketplaces in their relationships with sellers of goods, services, content, vacation rentals and more from over 190 countries and territories around the world. Our view across multiple marketplaces also allows us to identify industry-wide bad actors and cancel their account across the entire ecommerce ecosystem. This can help stop both active fraud and prevent future fraud on unsuspecting platforms.
As sellers gain scale and expertise on these marketplaces, they are also looking to invest in building their own brand to diversify their business and sell omnichannel. These SMBs want to grow beyond the marketplace ecosystems through direct-to-consumer webstore sales.
Global Regulatory and Compliance Requirements are Constantly Evolving
Global cross-border payments are a highly regulated industry and continuous changes in the regulatory and compliance landscape means scale, expertise, and technology are critical to doing business successfully. Most traditional financial institutions and even modern fintech companies lack experience in emerging markets and the ability to manage scaled customer onboarding and risk management to cover the world. This presents a significant competitive advantage for Payoneer.
For example, to manage a global base of sellers requires a marketplace to implement a compliance program, address challenges of money laundering and terrorist financing and deal with complex risk management challenges. As a result, many marketplaces have historically limited the number of cross-border sellers and the number of countries from which sellers can join. There are few solutions available to deal with these challenges on a multi-national basis, and the solutions that have begun to emerge are neither comprehensive nor uniform in their geographic coverage or quality. This creates challenges for financial institutions and other companies that look to serve these global platforms. Payoneer has built robust compliance infrastructure and has nearly two decades of experience navigating the risk challenges associated with cross-border payments, particularly into emerging markets.
The Payoneer Account for SMBs
Payments are at the heart of commerce and are the foundation of our ecosystem. Many of our customers interact in networks where both parties are Payoneer customers and by operating together on the Payoneer platform they are able to transact seamlessly, in real-time. Every payment a business accepts or makes also creates an opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of their business. We use these data insights to build additional services, which in turn accelerate commercial activity, increase volume, bring more customers into our network, and further strengthen our ecosystem. The power of the Payoneer platform emanates from the following components:
Platform that Enables Global B2B
The Payoneer platform is built to serve businesses of all sizes and be a true enabler of global B2B commerce. The opportunity is vast with B2B commerce representing a larger market than consumer commerce globally. Our platform can onboard businesses of all sizes from over 190 countries and territories and provides them access to financial services that are frictionless, interconnected and natively global and digital.
Our customers use their Payoneer Account to collect funds from all over the world, with sources including large marketplaces, trading partners, corporate buyers and other small firms. They use Payoneer to manage their funds in the currencies they want and need, and move their money where it needs to go. They can send funds to their local bank account, pay for expenses using our Commercial Mastercard, make payments through our In-Network ecosystem, and pay suppliers. They can also access working capital from Payoneer to invest for growth.
Drive Growth Through Modern Technology and Global Reach
Payoneer delivers technology-based services to our customers through a proprietary modern technology infrastructure that includes robust and secure application programming interfaces (“APIs”) as well as web and mobile applications and machine learning infrastructure. Our platform supports millions of transactions and hundreds of thousands of new applicants monthly and tens of billions of dollars of volume annually. We build and maintain most of the systems we use to deliver service to our customers, including our customer-facing systems, back-office systems, risks management and compliance systems. We also rely on a wide range of third-party systems for specialized capabilities, which are integrated into our proprietary platform. We continuously make significant investments in cybersecurity infrastructure and processes to protect our systems and data from breaches.
Trusted Brand Supported by Local Teams
Payoneer’s customers come from over 190 countries and territories. To effectively serve this global customer base, we have teams in developed and emerging markets, including primary hubs in the US, Israel, Hong Kong, Philippines and China that provide operational support. These teams provide around the clock customer care in dozens of languages across multiple channels (mobile, online, chat, email, phone and social media). Our broad range of support includes customer care, account management, customer approvals, payment review and approvals, risk management, card operations, customer implementations and configuration management. In addition, we have extensive infrastructure to support our enterprise accounts in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. As a result, we are able to provide global coverage for our customers, ensuring no matter where they come from or where they do business, we can help make global business local for them.
In 2022, Payoneer returned to hosting face-to-face customer events in many key markets worldwide, including a seven-city roadshow through India. These events gave us the opportunity to meet with and build deeper relations with thousands of SMBs. These events are geared towards growing businesses that are looking to learn new ways to expand and get connected to our ecosystem of partners. We create unique content, combining our data, customer surveys and expert analysis to emphasize trust, empowerment,
partnership and connection to the world. We reinforce this commitment with our global and local teams that provide support and produce resources that focus on addressing key questions, opportunities, and challenges for our customers.
Data Creates Competitive Advantages and Delivers Value to Customers
We have built machine-learning models leveraging the data that we collect in the ordinary course of our operations and services in a manner compliant with applicable privacy and data protection rules and regulations. These models enable us to make informed predictions to better serve our customers’ needs. For instance, we apply our machine-learning models in key areas such as lifetime value assessment, risk management and working capital underwriting. Utilizing these unique data insights, we are able to offer new valuable solutions, drive growth and improve our profitability. We believe this data has a virtuous cycle and can create a sustainable advantage as these insights enable us to do more business in a better way, which then provides even more data that we can use to refine and enhance our capabilities and performance.
Robust and Scalable Compliance, Risk & Regulatory Infrastructure
We implement a comprehensive Anti-Money Laundering/Combatting Terrorist Financing (AML/CTF) and Sanctions Program in compliance with the laws of the jurisdictions where Payoneer is regulated. Through our AML/CTF program we manage the compliant onboarding and ongoing monitoring of our customers, who come from more than 190 countries and territories worldwide. Our Know Your Customer (KYC) and Customer Due Diligence (CDD) processes are managed through a proprietary infrastructure and dedicated team, combining automated tools and operational processes with regular audits and reviews to test and monitor for compliance. We have also built a sophisticated risk management infrastructure to address the risks of digital commerce and a global risk management platform to manage the risks of supporting billions of dollars of volume in over 7,000 trade corridors globally for millions of platform participants. As of December 31, 2022, we are in good standing in all of the jurisdictions in which we operate around the world.
We are regulated as a non-bank financial institution in key markets around the world, namely the United States, Europe, Hong Kong, Japan and Australia. In the United States, we are registered as a Money Service Business and are licensed as a Money Transmitter in all U.S. states in which such licenses are necessary and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. We also have regulatory authorizations in India, where we act as an Online Payment Gateway Service Provider, approved by the Reserve Bank of India. Payoneer Europe Limited is an authorized e-money institution in Ireland covering the European Economic Area (EEA) and serving the United Kingdom until the end of its temporary permission to do so and holds a license with Mastercard to issue cards. Payoneer Payment Services UK Ltd is an Electronic Money Institution authorized by the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority and will start serving the United Kingdom prior to the end of Payoneer Europe Limited’s temporary permission. Payoneer Hong Kong Limited is a licensed Money Services Operator with the Customs and Excise Department in Hong Kong. Payoneer Japan Limited is a Registered Fund Transfer Service Provider with the Kanto Finance Bureau in Japan. Payoneer Australia Pty Limited is licensed by the Australian Securities and Investment Commission to deal in non-cash payment products. Payoneer terms and conditions are provided to our customers from one or more of our regulated entities, each of which is obligated to implement compliance programs, protect customer funds and meet the other regulatory obligations under the supervision and oversight of the local regulators.
Sophisticated Global Banking and Treasury Infrastructure
With customers coming from and doing business all over the world, Payoneer has invested significantly in building a proprietary global banking infrastructure. We work with more than 80 banks and payment providers and are connected into well over 100 local clearing systems through which we can deliver payments locally to customers, in exact amounts, in their local currency. We have invested heavily in innovative and reliable systems, including our smart routing platform and a global treasury team, which automates global payment routing while ensuring that we maintain an appropriate amount of money in the right jurisdictions to support anticipated transaction activity. In addition, we focus on redundancy in our global infrastructure, providing us with multiple ways to settle with customers.
Product, Solutions and Technology
As digital commerce becomes more pervasive and more global, we find our customers expressing a need for an increasingly broad range of services to enable them to grow, address their challenges and capitalize on their opportunities.
Since our founding, we have been building and extending our platform, working collaboratively with enterprises and SMBs that have been at the forefront of digital commerce. The result is a unique global platform built for modern digital business, able to support a wide range of customers and meet their vast and growing needs.
Global Marketplace Payments
Payoneer provides marketplaces and other enterprises with Mass Payout services via APIs and online application. These Mass Payout services enable enterprises to pay sellers across the world with a broad set of localized payment methods including local bank payments, international wires, mobile wallets, physical and virtual cards and paper checks, and enable them to pay in local currencies and directly into bank accounts.
B2B Accounts Payable / Accounts Receivable (AP/AR) Services
Payoneer offers B2B AP/AR services to enable SMBs the ability to pay and get paid by their trading partners around the world quickly, locally and cost-effectively. These include enabling SMBs to pay their suppliers one by one or in bulk, create and manage invoices, bill customers in multiple currencies, and enable buyers to pay with convenient local or global payment methods, regardless of where the seller comes from.
Global Multi-Currency Account
The core Global Multi-Currency Payoneer Account enables SMBs to receive payments in multiple currencies. Our SMB customers can receive funds from marketplaces, buyers, trading partners and more. They can accept payments locally in the country where their buyer is located in the buyer’s local currency. Once the funds are in the Global Multi-Currency Account, they are available to the customer in the currency in which they were originally received and free to use as the customer decides, including repatriating to their home market, withdrawing into a local bank account or paying their suppliers. Many of our customers find significant value in the ability to hold and transact in multiple currencies, particularly if they are doing business from countries or regions that face significant macro uncertainties and/or currency fluctuations.
Physical & Virtual Commercial Cards
Payoneer SMB customers can use physical or virtual cards to access the balances in their Payoneer Account. Some of our customers use physical cards to access their funds through local ATM networks, make purchases online and in-store at local businesses or pay business expenses. Our Digital Purchasing Card, launched in late 2020 in partnership with Mastercard, is a virtual commercial card product designed for our customers to make purchases for their key expenses.
Working Capital
Payoneer has introduced services to provide SMBs with access to working capital with amounts advanced ranging from $50 to more than $1 million. We leverage machine learning models and underwriting processes that enable us to effectively manage risk while providing a valuable service to our customers. We fund these obligations through a mix of balance sheet cash and warehouse financing facilities.
Merchant Services
Payoneer Checkout is a new offering that enables SMBs to accept payments on their webstores from buyers globally. Funds are consolidated in their Payoneer Multi-Currency Account, enabling SMB customers to unify their business across sales channels and better track all their global sales activities. The product went live in Hong Kong and is expected to be rolled out to additional regions in 2023.
Tax Services
We offer several Tax Services to empower our customers to better automate the management of their tax obligations, including the ability to collect US tax forms, manage withholding and pay VAT obligations in several foreign markets.
Compliance & Risk Services
We offer services that enable digital enterprises to make payments to their customers without having the need to be regulated themselves. These digital enterprises offload the compliance and regulatory burden, which reduces their operating costs and allows them to focus on their core business.
Growth Solutions - Green Channel
Green Channel is a matching and onboarding program designed to connect marketplaces with top merchants that have been pre-screened by our robust fraud prevention and compliance capabilities. The service empowers marketplaces to grow their inventory rapidly by bringing on high-quality cross-border sellers, while also helping those sellers to expand into new markets quickly and seamlessly, creating a trusted ecosystem for cross-border business.
ERP and Partner Integrations
As a technology-driven platform, Payoneer integrates with a wide range of partners to extend the Payoneer ecosystem and deliver more value to our customers. We use APIs to integrate with a wide variety of partners across categories that include accounting software providers, ERP systems, logistics companies, sourcing platforms, mobile wallets, advertising platforms, marketplaces and more. These APIs integrations and partnerships enable us to provide a range of important functionality including:
● integrating Payoneer into the systems our customers use to operate their businesses, allowing them to see their transaction data and order management data in one place;
●enabling partners to provide us with supplemental data to use for underwriting working capital;
● facilitating our partners to debit the balances of Payoneer customers to make purchases or to settle into their bank accounts; and
●initiating invoicing or payments through Payoneer from accounting software systems.
Payoneer for Banks
Payoneer for Banks enables banks, mobile wallets, neobanks and other providers of financial services to SMBs to partner with Payoneer. Through Payoneer for Banks, partners on four continents now offer their customers the ability to sign up for Payoneer and access their Payoneer Global Multi-Currency Account through their online account or mobile app and to settle funds in near-real time from Payoneer directly into their local bank account. Payoneer for Banks partners integrate Payoneer APIs to embed Payoneer services into their technology.
Our Growth Strategy
Payoneer is solving key customer needs through our differentiated product offering and platform, and we are well positioned to capture significant growth opportunities from long-term secular trends. We intend to drive continued growth by focusing on a few key areas:
Leverage Market Momentum and Scale
We see exciting opportunities to continue to grow B2B AP/AR, as well as in marketplace ecosystems, with both marketplaces and marketplace sellers. These represent large market opportunities with strong growth trends, in which we believe Payoneer has competitive advantages that position us to continue to grow for years to come. These are also businesses of a large enough scale that we expect these will be the primary drivers of volume and revenue growth for Payoneer in the near term.
Scale B2B AP/AR Services - We believe that we are in the very early stages of building our B2B AP/AR business and that there are many growth opportunities ahead. To enable these opportunities, we have integrated B2B AP/AR into our global SMB sales efforts and are securing relationships with larger sellers. We have also created APIs that enable partners to integrate the B2B AP/AR services into their SaaS offerings for their customers; we continue to add more ways for buyers to pay and sellers to get paid like global wires and open banking in Europe; and we continue to improve customer experience and risk management. There are important network effects on the B2B AP/AR services. These network effects contribute to Payoneer’s low cost of customer acquisition and positive volume retention, as network effects create stickiness that keep customers on our platform.
Marketplace Ecosystems - We see many opportunities to continue to grow as a key partner for marketplaces and SMB marketplace sellers around the world. Our growth strategy for marketplace ecosystems leverages our unique global footprint, network of SMBs, compliance and risk capabilities. These are growth-enabling tools that allow us to (i) increase volume with our existing marketplaces as those ecosystems continue to grow; (ii) secure relationships with additional marketplaces, including social and other consumer internet platforms that have announced their intention to become marketplaces, which further grows volume and provides additional channels for Payoneer’s SMBs to grow; (iii) expand to new categories; (iv) help consumer platforms scale up their eCommerce capabilities by introducing SMB relationships through our Green Channel program; and (v) expand the range of services we provide to marketplaces.
Expand Partnership Ecosystems
As a global platform that has attracted millions of customers around the world, we have been building momentum with many different types of partners that deliver more value and improved customer experience for Payoneer customers and accelerate cost-effective acquisition of new customers. We have partnered with SaaS platforms, mobile wallets, banks, marketplaces, advertising platforms, accounting firms, logistics companies and sourcing platforms, among others. These partnerships cover a broad range of activities, including collaborating with marketplaces and SaaS platforms to offer Working Capital to SMBs; working with a leading sourcing platform to enable customers to source goods directly through their Payoneer Account; partnering with a global bank to leverage our merchant services platform to secure important new customer relationships; and collaborating with a leading SMB accounting software platform to offer integrated services.
Product Extension to Deliver More Value to Existing Customers and Target New Customers
We are making meaningful investments in additional growth opportunities that we believe will deliver significant value to our existing customers and also enable Payoneer to target large pools of new customers around the world. Three nascent growth opportunities we are actively investing in are Merchant Services, Working Capital and Commercial Cards. Each of these represents a very large market opportunity and we believe we are well-positioned to leverage our global platform, brand, sales teams, compliance and risk capabilities and more to scale these and deliver unique value to customers. While we expect these to collectively consume meaningful investment dollars over the next few years, they are an important part of how we will continue to scale our global platform and revenues over the next several years. These new services are expected to help us to further accelerate our payback period for new customers and drive more value per customer.
Pursue Strategic M&A
Following our acquisition of optile GmbH (now, Payoneer Germany GmbH) (“optile”) in 2020, we believe there are many more opportunities to leverage our global platform, regulatory and compliance infrastructure, technology, brand and team to deliver additional value to more customers more quickly if we supplement our organic product development with targeted acquisitions that add new capabilities or drive greater efficiency to our platform. In addition, we have a large SMB customer base that maintains long-term relationships with Payoneer, which offers us the opportunity to acquire companies with synergistic product offerings for our customers. We have built a team to lead our efforts to identify strategic growth opportunities that we believe are best suited to pursue through acquisition.
Competition
Payoneer operates in very large markets with a very broad set of competition. The most common competition for Payoneer are checks and wires, which are still the most used methods of B2B payments. The universe of competition includes payment methods like checks, wires, mobile wallets, network-branded physical and virtual cards, local clearing providers, open banking services and alternative payment methods.
There are also myriad types of payment providers that offer global payment services including global treasury banks that serve large corporate accounts; small local banks that focus on serving local SMBs; FX companies that focus on serving SMB importers and exporters; global digital payment platforms like PayPal, Ant Group, or Wise; global card networks; Neobanks; SMB-focused B2B payment providers like Bill.com; mass payout service providers that specialize at providing services to enterprises and marketplaces, SMB AP/AR SaaS providers; merchant service providers that sell services to marketplaces like Adyen, Braintree and Stripe; and local companies that focus on enabling SMBs in one or more local markets to sell on digital marketplaces globally. For example, in China we face competition from a number of local payment providers. In some cases, marketplaces will provide their own payment capabilities to support payments to sellers.
While competitive factors and their relative importance can vary based on the size, the industry and the geographic reach of our partners and merchants, we believe we compete primarily on the basis of the quality and functionality of our platform, customer service, data security, pricing and innovation. We believe we compete favorably with respect to all of these factors.
Regulation
Payments Regulation. Various laws and regulations govern the payments industry in the U.S. and globally. Payoneer is licensed in multiple jurisdictions and serves customers in over 190 countries and territories worldwide, from such licensed locations. Payoneer Inc. is a Money Service Business registered with the U.S. Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). Payoneer Inc. is a licensed money transmitter under the laws of all U.S. states where such license is necessary, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The Money Transmitter license for Nevada is held by Payoneer US LLC, a subsidiary of Payoneer Inc. due to Nevada’s requirements. These licenses support the full range of Payoneer Account and Mass Payout payment services and among other activities, subject us to reporting requirements, bonding requirements, limitations on the investment of customer funds and inspection by state regulatory agencies.
Outside the U.S., we provide localized versions of our services to customers through various foreign subsidiaries. The activities of those non-U.S. entities are, or may be, supervised by a financial regulatory authority in the jurisdictions in which they operate and under which they are licensed to provide services. For example, in Europe we are licensed in Ireland by the Central Bank of Ireland (authorized pursuant to EU passporting rules to provide payment services under its license in all countries in the European Economic Area). These regulatory authorities include, the Australian Securities and Investment Commission in Australia, the Customs and Excise Department in Hong Kong, the Kanto Finance Bureau in Japan, and the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom. Payoneer Inc. also acts as an Online Payment Gateway Service Provider (OPGSP) approved by the Reserve Bank of India, for the purpose of facilitating the collection of cross-border payments for Indian residents. This list is not exhaustive, as there are numerous other regulatory agencies that have or may assert jurisdiction. The laws and regulations applicable to the payments industry in any given jurisdiction are subject to interpretation and change.
Numerous laws and regulations govern the payments industry in the U.S. and internationally. Various aspects of our business are, may become, or may be viewed by regulators from time to time as subject, directly or indirectly, to U.S. federal, state and foreign laws and regulations. As a cross-border digital payment platform, our business includes the facilitation, through our global bank and partner network, of the acceptance and/or payout of funds. As such, we are subject to laws, rules, regulations, policies and legal interpretations in the markets in which we operate, including (but not limited to) those governing payment services (including payment processing and settlement services), stored value, cross-border and domestic money transmission, factoring, foreign exchange, banking secrecy, anti-money laundering, and counter-terrorist financing. The legal and regulatory requirements applicable to us are extensive, complex, frequently changing, and increasing in number, and may impose overlapping and/or conflicting requirements or obligations.
Where we do not have an operational licensed subsidiary, Payoneer typically relies on locally-licensed or regulated banks and payment partners to facilitate transactions in certain jurisdictions where Payoneer is not locally regulated. In certain of these jurisdictions, Payoneer maintains its own bank accounts or a pool of funds with a local partner.
For customers that come from China, Payoneer operates by providing the offshore/non-resident part of the service being provided under the regulatory framework of Payoneer Inc. and the settlement leg in China being supported by entities regulated by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) that are Payoneer partners, such as banks and payment service providers. As of now, there is no specific date or deadline to require foreign and/or Chinese payment service providers partnering with foreign payment service providers to change their service framework or obtain a local license.
We are also subject to laws and regulations that apply to businesses in general, such as those relating to employment, consumer protection, worker confidentiality obligations and taxation. As an online business, we are also subject to laws and regulations
governing the internet, such as those relating to intellectual property ownership and infringement, trade secrets, the distribution of electronic communications, search engines and internet tracking technologies, and could be affected by potential changes to laws and regulations that affect the growth, popularity or use of the internet, including with respect to net neutrality and taxation on the use of the internet or eCommerce transactions.
Compliance with KYC Requirements. Payoneer Inc. and other licensed entities of Payoneer are committed to compliance with all applicable customer identification regulatory requirements. We are committed to preventing the use of our financial products by persons who seek to launder the proceeds of criminal activity, finance terrorism, or conduct other criminal acts. The risk of abuse is presented in large part through customers. Payoneer makes reasonable efforts appropriate to the circumstances to know its customers. Therefore, Payoneer has adopted a “Know Your Customer” (“KYC”) program to assist in managing its Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Terrorism Financing (“AML/CTF”) risk.
The KYC program is a critical component of the AML/CTF Program. KYC embodies the concept that, in order to identify what is unusual activity for a customer, one must have established a sufficient understanding of what is usual and expected activity, consistent with the purpose and intended usage of the account relationship. Activity that is outside the norm or inconsistent with an institution’s understanding may be suspicious and require reporting to authorities.
Payoneer’s KYC program includes: (i) policies and procedures for collecting and verifying information on the identity of customers; (ii) policies and procedures for gathering further information about customers to gain a better understanding of the relationship and anticipated transaction activity; and (iii) policies and procedures for monitoring customer activity throughout the lifecycle of the relationship.
Our Customer Approval Policy is informed by our AML/CTF Risk Assessment, which determines the level of AML/CTF risk posed to Payoneer by its product offerings, customer base, business geographies, distribution channels, and technologies, as well as the effectiveness of Payoneer’s compliance-related controls, policies, and procedures in mitigating these risks. Such risks stem from applicable legal/regulatory requirements, the nature of Payoneer products/services (including features, customers and geographic reach) and the record of actual performance of the Payoneer AML/CTF compliance program. These risks are mitigated, among other controls, by the KYC controls and requirements outlined in this document.
This Customer Approval Policy constitutes an integral part of Payoneer’s AML/CTF program and outlines our responsibilities with respect to applicable KYC requirements as detailed in pertinent US laws, regulations, and statutes, including the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”), the USA PATRIOT Act, and in the relevant laws, regulations, and statutes of jurisdictions where Payoneer holds a local license.
Data Protection & Privacy Regulations: As a company operating a global cross-border digital payment platform, we collect, process, store, share, disclose, transfer, retain and/or use personal information and other data in connection with conducting our business, including for purposes of marketing our services and products via the phone, email and text messages and verifying the identity of individuals within the framework of our know your customer (KYC) processes, which processes are required as part of our robust, risk-based compliance program that addresses the regulatory requirements of each country involved in a cross-border payment on our platform. Consequently, our business is subject globally to a number of complex laws and regulations governing data privacy and security, including with respect to such collection, processing, storage, sharing, disclosure, transfer, retention and use of personal information and other data.
The data privacy and security laws and regulations to which our business is subject may apply to personal information and data concerning our customers, employees or other third parties who interact with us, and include the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (as amended, including by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 and the California Consumer Privacy Act Regulations), the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, the CAN-SPAM Act, Canada Anti-Spam Law, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, Section 5(c) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, the European Union’s Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), or the GDPR, and other laws, enactments, regulations or orders transposing, implementing, adopting, supplementing or derogating from, the GDPR in each European Economic Area Member State, including the Irish Data Protection Act 2018, the European e-Privacy Directive currently implemented through national European laws in connection with the respect for private life and the protection of personal data in electronic communications (which is expected to be replaced by the European e-Privacy Regulation, which is still under development), GDPR as transposed into the United Kingdom national law by operation of section 3 of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and as amended by the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and as amended by the Data Protection,
Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, together with the Data Protection Act 2018, the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 (as amended) and other data protection or privacy legislation in force from time to time in the United Kingdom, the Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China and Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, Brazil’s Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD), the Australian Privacy Act of 1988 and Japan’s Act on the Protection of Personal Information. These laws and their implementing regulations generally restrict certain collection, processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal information, require notice to individuals of privacy practices, and provide individuals with certain rights to prevent use and disclosure of protected information. These laws also impose requirements for the safeguarding and proper destruction of personal information and may impose obligations to provide notification of security breaches affecting personal information.
The burdens imposed by these and other laws and regulations that may be enacted, or by new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, may require us, from time to time, to modify our data processing practices, agreements and policies and to incur substantial costs in order to comply with this ever-evolving regulatory landscape. We implement a variety of technical and organizational security measures and other measures to protect the data we process, including data pertaining to our customers, employees and business partners, but despite the measures we put in place, we may be unable to anticipate or prevent unauthorized access to such data.
Additionally, such laws and regulations may be inconsistent across jurisdictions or conflict with other rules. The applicability of these laws and regulations to us, and their scope and interpretation, are often uncertain, particularly with respect to laws and regulations outside the United States. Because the laws and regulations governing payment services and data privacy and security are constantly evolving and striving to keep pace with innovations in technology and media, it is possible that we may need to materially alter the way we conduct some parts of our business activities or we may be prohibited from conducting such activities altogether at some point in the future. For additional information regarding some of the risks relating to data privacy and security, see “Risk factors - Regulatory Risks Related to Payoneer - Our business is subject to complex and evolving regulations and oversight, in relation to privacy and data protection. Failure to comply with applicable data protection laws and regulations could subject us to fines and reputational harm.”
Human Capital
We are a company for entrepreneurs built by entrepreneurs. The people who work at Payoneer define Payoneer and enable our customers to participate in the global economy. As of December 31, 2022, our workforce consisted of 2,336 people in 41 locations across 36 countries. Our team draws from 63 nationalities, with a broad spectrum of backgrounds and experiences, across technology, financial services and other areas. We foster an entrepreneurial culture so that we may remain focused and innovative over time to ensure success as a trusted partner to our customers.
Our Global Team, Culture and Values
We believe the employees and culture of Payoneer are critical to our success and our ability to grow our business, support our customers and deliver shareholder value. We celebrate diversity and the cultures of the world represented by our customers and employees. Our goal is to create an environment in which each employee feels comfortable being exactly who they are, where they are connected to something bigger than themselves and are given the support and opportunity to be the best they can be. We foster an environment that is defined by tolerance and caring for our fellow employees and our customers.
We aim to maintain a long-term, balanced approach to decision-making, and believe that what is good for our employees will be good for our customers and for our shareholders.
We believe our commitment to a core set of values cultivates a unique culture and a sustainable competitive advantage. The following six core values permeate every part of Payoneer, including our people, our platform and our business:
Inclusion: We go beyond borders. We believe that everyone, regardless of location and culture, deserves an equal opportunity to succeed and that the world is richer thanks to diversity.
Action: We go beyond limits. We are creative problem solvers with a bias in favor of taking action. We do not let anything get in the way of going the extra mile to bring value to our customers.
Passion: We go beyond care. We aim to make a positive impact in the lives of our customers by partnering with them to identify and meet their business needs and continually exceed expectations.
Excellence: We go beyond the expected. We boldly strive to maintain consistency in delivering a superior experience and service and remind ourselves that we can always do more for our customers.
Transparency: We go beyond trust. We value integrity and honesty and are working constantly to encourage open communication both within our teams and with our customers.
Humility: We go beyond assumptions. We acknowledge that we are only here thanks to our customers and are inspired by their entrepreneurial spirit. We are a global team that care for and respect one another and share a strong sense of responsibility to serve our customers.
These values are central to Payoneer and not only form the basis for how we recruit and evaluate performance, but also demonstrate how we are able to harness the collective talent of our employees and empower our partners around the world.
Employee Wellness
Our employees are our most valuable strength at Payoneer so we invest heavily in attracting and retaining our talented employees. We are highly focused on the health, safety and wellbeing of our employees, providing them with access to a wide-reaching support network that prioritizes both physical and mental health and wellness. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021, our internal policies have put employee welfare far ahead of any other considerations. We provide hybrid working flexibility, offering a safe office environment in compliance with relevant local regulations.
Total rewards
Payoneer is a people-centric company that rewards employees for our shared success. From a total rewards perspective, Payoneer offers a compensation and benefits package that is scalable, sustainable and equitable. The principle behind our total rewards approach is to attract, retain and engage top talent in a manner that will drive desired behaviors and increase business performance while nurturing the wellbeing of our employees and their families. In so doing, we have built a pay for performance rewards strategy and also a governed framework that measures and monitors total rewards expenses in a fiscally responsible manner. Our annual compensation planning takes place right after our year-end performance review process where employees and managers share feedback to facilitate professional and career development and set professional and development goals for the year to come, and make performance-based rewards decisions.
Intellectual Property
The protection of our intellectual property rights is an important aspect of our business, and substantially all of our material intellectual property rights are currently developed in-house. We rely on a combination of trade secrets and know-how, trademark and copyright laws, confidentiality agreements, and technical measures to establish, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights and technology, including our brand and platform. We have registered our brand name as a trademark and domain names, in each case, in the United States and a number of other jurisdictions. We do not have any issued patents.
We consider our digital payment platform, which provides payment, financial, merchant, working capital and other services to companies, marketplaces, eCommerce sellers and others, to be our proprietary technology. The development and management of our platform require sophisticated coordination among many specialized employees. We believe that duplication of this coordination by competitors or individuals seeking to copy our platform would be difficult. To protect our technology and our platform, we implement multiple layers of security and provide our service offerings from duplicate data centers in two jurisdictions.
We also enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and enter into confidentiality agreements with third parties to control access to, and the use and disclosure of, our confidential information. However, our contractual provisions may not always be effective at preventing unauthorized parties from obtaining our intellectual property rights and proprietary technologies or disclosing our confidential information. Likewise, intellectual property laws, procedures, and restrictions provide only limited protection and any of our intellectual property or proprietary rights may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated. For additional information regarding some of the risks relating to our intellectual property rights, see “Risk factors - Risks Related to Our Business and Industry.”
Available Information
Our website is www.payoneer.com. The information found on, or that can be accessed from or that is hyperlinked to, our website is not part of or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We file or furnish annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may obtain a copy of any of these reports, free of charge, from the Investors Relations section of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that also contains these reports at: www.sec.gov. In addition, copies of our annual report will be made available, free of charge, on written request to us.
Business Combination with FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp.
On June 25, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation consummated a Reorganization with us (the “Reorganization”). Pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement (as defined below), prior to the Closing Date and prior to the Reorganization, FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp. changed its jurisdiction of incorporation by deregistering as a Cayman Islands exempted company and continuing and domesticating as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. In connection with the closing of the Reorganization, we changed our name to Payoneer Global Inc. Following the Reorganization, we became a publicly traded company, with our subsidiary Payoneer Inc. continuing the existing business operations.
References to the Reorganization Agreement shall mean that certain Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated February 3, 2021 (as amended on February 16, 2021, May 10, 2021 and June 22, 2021, the “Reorganization Agreement”), by and among FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp., New Starship Parent Inc. (later renamed Payoneer Global Inc.), Starship Merger Sub I Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of New Starship Parent Inc., Starship Merger Sub II Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of New Starship Parent Inc., and Payoneer Inc.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that you should be aware of in evaluating our business. If any such risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. The risks described below are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. The risk factors described below should be read together with the other information set forth in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, as well as in other documents that we file with the SEC.
Summary of the Material Risks Associated with Our Business
These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
● Our business depends on our strong and trusted brand, and failure to maintain and protect our brand, or any damage to our reputation, or the reputation of our partners, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
● Our success depends on our ability to develop products and services to address or adapt to the rapidly evolving markets that we serve, and if we are not able to implement successful enhancements and new features for our platform, products and services, we could lose customers or have trouble attracting new customers, and our ability to grow may be limited.
● Substantial and increasingly intense competition in the worldwide financial services and payments industry, including on pricing and payment alternatives, could adversely affect our margins, business and results of operations. Competitive activity by our partners and enterprise customers that insource payment services or directly compete against our services could adversely affect our business.
● If we are unable to renew marketplace and enterprise customer contracts or to adjust certain contract components at favorable terms or we lose a significant enterprise or marketplace customer, or if an eCommerce marketplace were to prevent our customers from using our services to receive payments from such marketplace, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
● We are subject to risks associated with changes in interest rates, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
● Our failure to manage our customer funds properly could harm our business.
● Declines in eCommerce utilization generally, and any factors that reduce cross-border trade or cross-border digital commerce, make such trade or commerce more difficult or diminish eCommerce sales and/or limit activity of
eCommerce marketplaces, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
● Inflation can have a significant adverse effect on our business and our customers.
● Failure to effectively deal with bad, fraudulent or fictitious transactions and material internal or external fraud could negatively impact our business.
● Use of our payment services for illegal purposes could harm our business.
● Because we rely on third parties to provide services, including financial institutions and payment service providers, we could be adversely impacted if they fail to fulfill their obligations or if our arrangements with them are terminated and suitable replacements cannot be found on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
● If we fail to comply with the applicable rules and policies of the payment network card schemes or the terms of a payment network card scheme license, they could seek to fine us, suspend us or terminate our participation license, which could adversely affect our business.
● If we fail to comply with the applicable requirements of our counterparty financial institutions and banking partners, they could seek to suspend or terminate our accounts, which could adversely affect our business.
● Our business may be adversely affected by geopolitical and other risks associated with global operations. As we continue to expand internationally, including within emerging markets, we may become more susceptible to these risks.
● Unauthorized disclosure, destruction or modification of data, through cybersecurity breaches, computer viruses or otherwise, or disruption of our services, could expose us to liability and/or damage our reputation.
● Our systems and our third-party providers’ systems may be subject to system failures or capacity constraints, and resulting interruptions in the availability of our platform, products, or services, including the accessibility of our solutions through mobile devices, could harm our business.
● Our business is subject to laws, rules, regulations, policies and legal interpretations in the markets in which we operate, including (but not limited to) those governing deposit taking, factoring, stored value, cross-border and domestic money transmission, foreign exchange, privacy, data protection, banking secrecy and payment services (including payment processing and settlement services). The legal and regulatory requirements applicable to us are extensive, complex, frequently changing, and increasing in number, and may impose overlapping and/or conflicting requirements or obligations.
● Our results of operations may be adversely affected as a result of any decrease in revenue from customers operating in China as a result of regulatory changes or occurrences under other risk factors discussed herein. As a significant portion of our revenue is generated from China, any negative impact to our ability to serve customers based in China could exacerbate the other risks set forth herein.
● Failure to comply with anti-money laundering, anti-bribery, economic and trade sanctions regulations and similar laws, could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
● The trading market for our common stock may be volatile, and the market price and trading volume of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.
The summary risk factors described above should be read together with the text of the full risk factors below and in the other information set forth in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, as well as in other documents that we file with the SEC. If any such risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. The risks summarized above or described in full below are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our business depends on our strong and trusted brand, and failure to maintain and protect our brand, or any damage to our reputation, or the reputation of our partners, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We have developed a strong and trusted brand that has contributed significantly to the success of our business. We believe that maintaining and promoting our brand in a cost-effective manner is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our products and services and expanding our base of customers.
Maintaining and promoting our brand will depend largely on our ability to continue to provide useful, reliable, secure, and innovative products and services, as well as our ability to maintain trust and remain a global payments leader. We may introduce, or make changes to, features, products, services, privacy practices, or terms of service that customers do not like, which may materially and adversely affect our brand. Our brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or increase revenue, and even if
they do, any increase in revenue may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
We rely on relationships with marketplaces and enterprises to obtain and maintain customers. Our ability to acquire new customers could be materially harmed if we are unable to enter into or maintain these relationships on terms that are commercially reasonable to us, or at all.
Harm to our brand can arise from many sources, including failure by us or our partners and service providers to satisfy expectations of service and quality, inadequate protection or misuse of personally identifiable information (“PII”), compliance failures and claims, litigation and other claims, and misconduct by our partners or other counterparties. We have been, from time to time and, may in the future be, the target of incomplete, inaccurate, and misleading or false statements about our company and our business that could damage our brand and deter customers from adopting our services. Any negative publicity about our industry or our company, the quality and reliability of our products and services, our compliance and risk management processes, changes to our products and services, our ability to effectively manage and resolve customer complaints, our privacy, data protection, and information security practices, litigation, regulatory licensing and infrastructure, and the experience of our customers with our products or services could adversely affect our reputation and the confidence in and use of our products and services. If we do not successfully maintain a strong and trusted brand, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
Our success depends on our ability to develop products and services to address or adapt to the rapidly evolving markets that we serve, and if we are not able to implement successful enhancements and new features for our platform, products and services, we could lose customers or have trouble attracting new customers, and our ability to grow may be limited.
The markets for our products and services are characterized by constant and rapid technological changes, frequent introduction of new products and services, and increasing customer expectations. Our ability to update our platform, to enhance our current products and services and to develop and introduce innovative products and services will significantly affect our future success. We may not be successful in developing, marketing or selling new products and services or in updating our platform in a way that meets these demands or achieve market acceptance. We must anticipate and respond to these changes in order to remain competitive within our relevant markets. For example, our ability to provide innovative technology to our customers could have an impact on our pricing and the continued use of our platform, and new services and technologies that we develop may be impacted by industry-wide solutions and standards related to safety and security technologies and various regulatory requirements.
If we are unable to anticipate or respond or adapt to technological or regulatory changes or evolving industry standards and demands on a timely basis, our ability to remain competitive could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the success of certain of our products and services relies, in part, on marketplaces and other third parties offering or allowing the use of our products and services by their customers. If we are unsuccessful in offering products or services that gain market acceptance and compete effectively, or if marketplaces cease to offer or allow our products and services to their merchants or refuse to pay their merchants through our products and services, it would likely have a material adverse effect on our ability to retain existing customers, to attract new ones and to grow profitably.
Substantial and increasingly intense competition in the worldwide financial services and payments industry, including on pricing and payment alternatives, could adversely affect our margins, business and results of operations. Competitive activity by our partners and enterprise customers that insource payment services or directly compete against our services could adversely affect our business.
The global payments industry is highly competitive, rapidly changing, highly innovative, and increasingly subject to regulatory scrutiny and oversight. We compete against a wide range of businesses, including those that are larger than we are, serve consumers as well as businesses to increase revenues, have greater name recognition, longer operating histories, or a dominant or more secure position, or offer other products and services to customers that we do not offer, as well as smaller or younger companies that may be more agile in responding quickly to regulatory and technological changes. Many of the areas in which we compete evolve rapidly with changing and disruptive technologies, shifting user needs, and frequent introductions of new products and services. Competition also may intensify as businesses enter into business combinations and partnerships, which may include periods of exclusivity, and established companies in other segments expand to become competitive with different aspects of our business.
In addition, our competitors that are financial institutions or are affiliated with financial institutions may not incur banking fees in connection with providing services similar to ours. Accordingly, these competitors may be able to offer more attractive fees to our current and prospective customers or other services that we do not provide. Competition could result in a loss of existing customers, and greater difficulty attracting new customers. Furthermore, if competition causes us to reduce the fees we charge in order to attract
or retain customers, there is no assurance we can successfully control our costs in order to maintain our profit margins. One or more of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
There are a number of payment service providers that offer global payment services, including global treasury banks that serve large corporate accounts; small local banks that focus on serving local SMBs; FX companies that focus on serving SMB importers and exporters; global digital payment platforms like PayPal, Ant Group or Wise; global card networks; Neobanks; SMB-focused business-to-business (“B2B”) payment providers like Bill.com; mass payout service providers that specialize in providing services to enterprises and marketplaces, SMB AP/AR SaaS providers; merchant service providers that sell services to marketplaces like Adyen, Braintree and Stripe; and local payment service providers that focus on enabling SMBs in one or more local markets to sell on digital marketplaces globally. In addition, in certain locations, such as China, we face competition from a number of local payment providers.
We are also facing competitive pressure from non-traditional payment service providers and other parties entering the payments industry, such as Google, Apple, Alibaba, Amazon and Facebook, who compete in one or more of the functions performed on our payment platform. These companies have significant financial resources and robust networks and are highly regarded by consumers. If these companies gain a greater share of total eCommerce payment transactions or if we are unable to successfully react to changes in the industry spurred by the entry of these new market participants, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum; blockchain based payment systems like Ripple; and central bank digital currencies, all have the potential to be used to support cross-border payments and could offer alternatives to businesses and other users and become more significant competition in the future.
If we are not able to differentiate our products and services from those of our competitors, provide added-value to our customers, or effectively and efficiently align our resources with our goals and objectives, we may not be able to compete effectively in the market.
If we are unable to renew marketplace and enterprise customer contracts or to adjust certain contract components at favorable terms or we lose a significant enterprise or marketplace customer, or if an eCommerce marketplace were to prevent our customers from using our services to receive payments from such marketplace, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
A portion of our revenues is concentrated among our largest marketplaces and enterprise customers. The loss of business from any one of them could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. To the extent we renew our existing marketplace and enterprise customer contracts or are required to adjust certain terms or components in existing contracts, such renewals or adjustments may be on less favorable terms than our existing contracts, which can impact revenue, expenses, profitability, and earnings. For example, in some cases, including arrangements with large enterprise customers, we earn fees at a prescribed rate for only a portion of the contract term and may renegotiate the rate of fees for the remainder of the term, and we utilize certain incentive structures to compensate the marketplace or enterprise for customer acquisition. As a result, the nature and profitability of these arrangement can vary throughout the periods of their term. Due to the variety of our arrangements with customers, and the different components, variability exists which can impact revenue, expenses, profitability, and earnings. Furthermore, should we not be successful in selling additional solutions, we may fail to achieve our desired rate of growth.
Our growth to date has been partially driven by the growth of our customers’ businesses. Should the rate of growth of our customers’ business slow or decline, this could have an adverse effect on volumes processed and therefore an adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, we experience customer attrition as a result of several factors, including business closures, transfers of customer accounts to our competitors and account closures that we initiate. We cannot predict the level of attrition in the future and our revenues could decline as a result of higher than expected attrition, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
For example, the payments our small business customers received from Amazon marketplaces around the world generated 18% of our revenues during the year ended December 31, 2022, and accordingly, should Amazon change its requirements, impose restrictions on sellers on its platform, or alter our status as an approved payment service provider, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted. For more information, please see Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies, “Concentration of Risk”, to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this report.
We have a history of net losses, we anticipate increasing expenses in the future, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.
We incurred net losses of $12.0 million, $34.0 million and $23.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We intend to continue to make significant capital and marketing investments in our business to support and drive growth. Each initiative may not result in increased revenue or growth on a timely basis or at all. Such initiatives include increasing spending on new and existing products and services. If we are unable to generate adequate revenue growth and manage our expenses, our results of operations and operating metrics may fluctuate and we may continue to incur significant losses, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
We are subject to risks associated with changes in interest rates, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
A portion of our earnings derives from interest income earned on both corporate funds and customer funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve. During 2022, the Federal Reserve raised the benchmark interest rate by 425 basis points to combat rising inflation, which benefitted our earnings during such period. Any future decline in interest rate levels and/or customer balances may reduce our ability to earn interest income on customer balances and/or corporate funds. While such decline in interest rates may generally encourage growth in the e-commerce market, it may not be sufficient to offset any adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our failure to manage our customer funds properly could harm our business.
We hold a substantial amount of funds belonging to our customers, including balances in customer accounts and funds being remitted to our customers as sellers of goods and services. In certain jurisdictions where we operate, we hold, and in certain jurisdictions are required to hold and segregate, eligible liquid assets equal to at least 100% of the aggregate amount of all customer funds held by our licensed entity in such jurisdiction. Our ability to manage and accurately account for the assets underlying our customer funds and comply with applicable liquid asset requirements and applicable regulations requires a high level of internal controls. As our business continues to grow and we expand our product offerings, we must continue to strengthen our associated internal controls. Our success requires our customers’ confidence in our ability to properly manage customer balances and handle large and growing transaction volumes and amounts of customer funds. Any failure to maintain the necessary controls or to appropriately manage our customer funds in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements could result in reputational harm, lead customers to discontinue or reduce their use of our products, and result in significant penalties and fines and additional restrictions, which could materially harm our business.
Declines in eCommerce utilization generally, and any factors that reduce cross-border trade or cross-border digital commerce, make such trade or commerce more difficult or diminish eCommerce sales and/or limit activity of eCommerce marketplaces, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We generate volumes by processing online payments from marketplaces and eCommerce platforms to merchants and from merchants’ utilization of payments they receive. Any decline in eCommerce utilization could adversely affect our business. The extent of such impact will depend on a variety of highly uncertain factors that could lead to a decrease in eCommerce utilization, including general macroeconomic trends and global economic conditions, such as inflation and a possible recession, changes in government regulation, users’ access to the internet, user preference, actual or perceived online security concerns or the effects of widespread health epidemics. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic drove a shift in buying patterns from brick and mortar to e-commerce, but as economies have continued to reopen, coupled with recent inflation, supply chain disruptions and consumer purchasing behavior changes, e-commerce growth rates have been softening.
In addition, cross-border trade (i.e., transactions where the merchant and consumer are in different countries) is imperative to our business as a source of revenue and profits. Cross-border transactions generally provide higher revenues and operating income than similar transactions that take place within a single country or market. Cross-border trade also represents our primary (and in some cases, our only) presence in certain important markets. Cross-border trade is subject to, and may be negatively impacted by, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. In addition, the interpretation and application of laws of multiple jurisdictions (e.g., the jurisdiction of the merchant and of the consumer) are often extremely complicated in the context of cross-border trade and foreign exchange. Changes to or the interpretation and/or application of laws and regulations applicable to cross-border trade and foreign exchange could further impose additional requirements and restrictions, increase costs, and present conflicting obligations. Any factors that increase the costs of cross-border trade for us or our customers or that restrict, delay, or make cross-border trade more
difficult or impractical, such as trade policy or higher tariffs, and general macroeconomic trends and global economic conditions, could reduce our cross-border transactions and volume, negatively impact our revenues and profits and harm our business.
Inflation can have a significant adverse effect on our business and our customers.
Inflation can have a major impact on our operations. Inflation decreases the value of money and can erode the purchasing power of individuals and businesses, making it more difficult for them to afford goods and services, and requiring them to spend a larger share of their wallet on essential purchases. Therefore, the growth in the e-commerce market and cross border-trading may be adversely affected by an environment of high inflation rates, such as the one recorded recently in the U.S., and subsequently the volumes flowing through our platforms and earnings. Additionally, high or rapidly increasing inflation can also lead to uncertainty and instability in financial markets in general, which can adversely impact our financial performance.
COVID-19 and its variants may continue to impact our business, results of operations and financial condition, and the extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
Global health concerns relating to COVID-19 and related government actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have been weighing on the macroeconomic environment since 2020, and have significantly increased economic uncertainty and reduced economic activity in the last three years. Small businesses, which constitute a large part of our customers, have been impacted particularly hard during such time. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in government authorities and businesses implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders, school closures, and business limitations and shutdowns, some have already been rescinded. Such measures have significantly impacted global supply and demand.
The outbreak and its variants may continue to adversely and variably impact our operations and the operations of our customers and business partners locally and globally, and therefore our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The extent of such impact depends on developments that continue to be highly uncertain and difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration, location and spread of outbreaks, their severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume each time.
As our revenue has increased, our growth rate has slowed at times in the past and may slow or decline in the future. Future revenue growth depends on our ability to retain existing customers, attract new customers, and increase sales to both new and existing customers.
Our rate of revenue growth has slowed at times in the past and may decline in the future, and it may slow or decline more quickly than we expect for a variety of reasons, including as a result of the risks described herein. Our customers have no obligation to continue to use our services, and we cannot assure you that they will. The difficulty and costs associated with switching to a competitor may not be significant for many of the services we offer. Our customers’ payment processing activity with us may decrease for a variety of reasons, including customers’ level of satisfaction with our products and services, our pricing and the pricing and quality of competing products or services, the effects of global economic conditions, or reductions in the level of buyers transacting with our customers.
In addition, the growth of our business depends in part on existing customers expanding their use of our products and services. If we are unable to encourage customers to broaden their use of our services, our growth may slow or stop, and our business may be materially and adversely affected. The growth of our business also depends on our ability to attract new customers, to encourage larger customers to use our products and services, and to introduce successful new products and services. We have invested and will continue to invest in improving our platform in order to offer better or new features, products and services, but if those features, products and services fail to be successful, our growth may slow or decline.
Failure to effectively deal with bad, fraudulent or fictitious transactions and material internal or external fraud could negatively impact our business.
We have been, and may in the future be, subject to liability for fraudulent transactions, including electronic payments and card transactions or credits initiated by customers. Examples of fraud include when a party knowingly uses a stolen or counterfeit credit, debit or prepaid card, card number or other credentials to record a false sales transaction, processes an invalid card or intentionally fails to deliver the merchandise or services sold in an otherwise valid transaction. In addition, we are subject to the risk that our employees, counterparties or third-party service providers commit fraudulent activity against us or our customers. Criminals are using
increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities such as counterfeiting, account takeover and fraud. It is possible that incidents of fraud could increase in the future. Failure to effectively manage risk and prevent fraud, or otherwise effectively administer our chargeback responsibilities, would increase our chargeback liability, exposure to fines or other liabilities.
Increases in chargebacks, fines or other liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Use of our payment services for illegal purposes could harm our business.
Our payment system is susceptible to potentially illegal or improper uses, including money laundering, terrorist financing, illegal online gambling, fraudulent sales of goods or services, illegal sales of marijuana and related business products, pharmaceuticals, cigarettes, weapons, obscene or pornographic materials, or the facilitation of other illegal activity. The use of our payment system for illegal or improper uses has and may from time to time subject us to fines, claims, or government and regulatory investigations, inquiries, or requests that could result in liability and reputational harm for us. Moreover, certain activity that may be legal in one jurisdiction may be illegal in another jurisdiction, and a customer may be found responsible for intentionally or inadvertently importing or exporting illegal goods, resulting in liability for us. Changes in law have increased the penalties for intermediaries providing payment services for certain illegal activities, and government authorities may consider additional payments-related proposals from time to time. Owners of intellectual property or government authorities may seek to bring legal action against providers of payments solutions, including Payoneer, that are peripherally involved in the sale of products that actually or allegedly infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate intellectual property. Any threatened or resulting claims could result in reputational harm, and any resulting liabilities, loss of transaction volume, or increased costs could harm our business.
Because we rely on third parties to provide services, including financial institutions and payment service providers, we could be adversely impacted if they fail to fulfill their obligations or if our arrangements with them are terminated and suitable replacements cannot be found on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
We depend on third-party service providers and vendors for certain products and services, including components of our computer systems, software, data centers, risk tools and telecommunications networks, to conduct our business. Any changes in these systems that degrade the functionality of our products and services, impose additional costs or requirements, or give preferential treatment to competitors’ services, including their own services, could materially and adversely affect usage of our products and services. We are also dependent on our relationships with a number of third-party financial institutions and payment processors for services such as payment, processing and clearing and settlement for the transactions we service. In the event our agreement with a third-party financial institution or non-financial institution is terminated, or if upon its expiration we are unable to renew the contract on terms favorable to us, or at all, it may be difficult for us to replace these services which may adversely affect our operations and profitability. Some of these organizations and third-party service providers provide similar services and technology to our competitors, and we do not have long-term or exclusive contracts with them.
Our systems and operations or those of our third-party service providers and software providers could be exposed to damage or interruption from, among other things, fire, natural disaster, power loss, telecommunications failure, unauthorized entry, computer viruses, denial-of-service attacks, acts of terrorism, human error, vandalism or sabotage, financial insolvency, bankruptcy and similar events. In addition, we may be unable to renew our existing contracts with our most significant service providers or they may stop providing or otherwise supporting the products and services we obtain from them, and we may not be able to obtain these or similar products or services on the same or similar terms as our existing arrangements, if at all. The failure of our third-party service providers to perform their obligations and provide the products and services we obtain from them in a timely manner for any reason could adversely affect our operations and profitability due to, among other consequences: loss of revenues; loss of customer data, including PII; fines imposed by payment networks; harm to our business or reputation resulting from negative publicity; exposure to fraud losses or other liabilities; additional operating and development costs; or diversion of management, technical and other resources.
In addition, we depend on counterparty financial institutions and payment service providers to support our operations. We have significant amounts of cash, cash equivalents, receivables and other current assets outstanding, and other investments on deposit or in accounts with banks or other financial institutions in the United States and other countries in which we operate. We regularly monitor our exposure to counterparty credit risk, and actively manage this exposure to mitigate the associated risk. Despite these efforts, we may be, and have been, exposed to the risk of default by, or deteriorating operating results or financial condition or failure of, these counterparty financial institutions. The risk of counterparty default, deterioration, or failure may be heightened during economic downturns and periods of uncertainty in the financial markets. If one or more of our counterparties were to become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover losses incurred as a result of default or to access or recover our assets that are deposited, held in
accounts with, or otherwise due from, such counterparty may be limited by the counterparty’s liquidity or the applicable laws governing the insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings, and we could incur significant losses or suffer reputational damage, which could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.
If we fail to comply with the applicable rules and policies of the payment network card schemes or the terms of a payment network card scheme license, they could seek to fine us, suspend us or terminate our participation license, which could adversely affect our business.
Payoneer (through one of our subsidiaries), is licensed by Mastercard as a card issuer. In addition, Payoneer (through another subsidiary), is engaged with other Mastercard-licensed card issuers and is registered as a card program manager. We are also registered as a payment facilitator with Mastercard and Visa in connection with the Payoneer Checkout Service. Finally, for the provision of our bill payment service, we are engaged and registered with several acquirers as merchants. As such, we are subject to card association and network rules that could subject us to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by the card associations or networks for certain acts or omissions by us. In addition, we are subject to the Payment Card Industry (“PCI”) Data Security Standard enforced by the major card brands, and are listed with Mastercard as an SDP compliant service provider.
If we fail to comply with these rules, we could be fined and our member registrations or certifications could be suspended or terminated. The suspension or termination of our member registrations or certifications, or any changes to the association and network rules, that we do not successfully address, or any other action by the card networks to restrict our ability to process transactions over such networks, could limit our ability to provide transaction processing services to customers and result in a reduction of revenue or increased costs of operation, which, in either case, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Our removal from networks’ lists of Data Security Standard compliant service providers could mean that existing customers, partners or other third parties may cease using or referring our services. Also, prospective customers, partners or other third parties may choose not to consider us for their processing needs. In addition, the card networks could refuse to allow us to process through their networks. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Changes to these network rules or how they are interpreted could have a significant impact on our business and financial results. For example, from time to time, card associations and debit networks, including the card networks which we operate under, increase the processing and other fees (including what is commonly known as “interchange fees”) that they charge. It is possible that competitive pressures will result in us absorbing a portion of such increases in the future, or result in us not being able to increase our own fees, which would increase our operating costs, reduce our profit margin, limit our growth, and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the various card associations and networks prescribe certain capital requirements. Any increase in the capital level required would further limit our use of capital for other purposes. Future changes to or interpretations of the network rules that are inconsistent with the way we currently operate may require us to make changes to our business that could be costly or difficult to implement. If we fail to make such changes, the networks could pass on fines and assessments in respect of fraud or chargebacks related to our customers or disqualify us from processing transactions if satisfactory controls are not maintained, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we fail to comply with the applicable requirements of our counterparty financial institutions and banking partners, they could seek to suspend or terminate our accounts, which could adversely affect our business.
We rely on agreements and relationships with banks and other financial institutions in jurisdictions in which we serve customers to collect, hold and disburse our customers’ funds. These agreements and relationships with banks and financial institutions may give them substantial discretion in approving certain aspects of our business practices, including our application and qualification procedures for customers and require us to comply with certain legal and operational requirements.
In the United States, Mastercard and other payment network rules require us to be sponsored by a member bank in order to process electronic payment transactions. Because we are not a United States bank, we are unable to directly access these payment networks in the United States. We are currently registered with the Mastercard and other payment networks through our partnering bank in the United States, in connection with our virtual corporate purchasing cards in the United States. Our current agreement with our partnering bank expires in 2025.
Our financial institution partners’ discretionary actions under these agreements and relationships could impose material limitations to, or have a material adverse effect on, our business, financial condition and results of operations. Without these relationships, we would not be able to process payments or settle transactions in relevant markets, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, our financial results could be adversely
affected if our costs associated with such relationships materially change or if any penalty or claim for damages is imposed as a result of our breach of the agreement with them or their other requirements.
Our business may be adversely affected by geopolitical and other risks associated with global operations. As we continue to expand internationally, including within emerging markets, we may become more susceptible to these risks.
Our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. Operating in or providing services to customers in foreign countries, including Israel, Greater China and other Asian countries, Ukraine and other European countries, subjects us to multiple risks, including:
● geopolitical events, including acts of war, nationalism and terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues (such as the COVID-19 pandemic and its variants), social unrest or human rights issues;
● differing local product preferences and product requirements;
● partial or total expropriation of international assets;
● economic sanctions and trade protection measures, including tariffs or import-export restrictions;
● differing enforceability and protection of intellectual property and contract rights;
● different, uncertain, or more stringent user protection, data protection, privacy, and other laws; and
● potentially negative consequences from changes in or interpretations of tax laws or policies.
For example, the war in Ukraine and the subsequent economic sanctions imposed on Russia and certain territories in Ukraine have, and may continue to negatively impact our revenue derived from services provided to customers from these countries. In addition, our banking partners ceased their operations in Russia, and subsequently we ceased to provide services to customers in Russia. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of this conflict, but the continuation or escalation of the conflict, along with any expansion to surrounding areas, may have a significant effect on our results of operations.
Additionally, a significant number of our employees, including certain management members, are employed by our Israel subsidiary, Payoneer Research & Development Ltd., and, accordingly, political, economic, and regional conflict conditions in Israel and the surrounding region may directly affect our business and operations.
Violations of the complex foreign and United States laws, rules and regulations that apply to our international operations, including violations of any sanctions, may result, as applicable, in fines, criminal actions, or sanctions against us, our officers, or our colleagues; prohibitions on the conduct of our business; and damage to our reputation. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to promote compliance with these laws, violations by our colleagues, contractors, vendors or agents could nevertheless occur. These risks are inherent in our international operations and their expansion may increase our costs of doing business internationally, and could harm our business and reputation. In addition, we may from time to time undertake projects and make investments in countries in which we have little or no previous investment or operating experience. We may not be able to fully or accurately assess the risks of investing in such countries, or may be unfamiliar with the laws and regulations in such countries governing its investments and operations. As a result, we may be unable to effectively implement our strategy in new jurisdictions. Investment opportunities in certain jurisdictions also may be restricted by legal limits on foreign investment in local assets or classes of assets.
We are dependent upon consumers’ continued and unimpeded access to the internet, and upon their willingness to use the internet for commerce.
Our success depends upon the general public’s ability to access the internet and its continued willingness to use the internet as a means to pay for purchases, communicate, research and conduct commercial transactions, including through mobile devices. The adoption of any laws or regulations that adversely affect the growth, popularity or use of the internet, including changes to laws or regulations impacting internet neutrality, could decrease the demand for our products, increase our operating costs, or otherwise adversely affect our business. Given uncertainty around these rules, we could experience discriminatory or anticompetitive practices that could impede both our and our merchants’ growth, increase our costs or adversely affect our business. If consumers or merchants become unable, unwilling or less willing to use the internet for commerce for any reason, including lack of access to high-speed communications equipment, congestion of traffic on the internet, internet outages or delays, disruptions or other damage to merchants’
and consumers’ computers, increases in the cost of accessing the internet and security and privacy risks or the perception of such risks, our business could be adversely affected.
Unauthorized disclosure, destruction or modification of data, through cybersecurity breaches, computer viruses or otherwise, or disruption of our services, could expose us to liability and/or damage our reputation.
We are subject to a number of legal requirements, regulations, contractual obligations and industry standards regarding security, data protection and privacy and any failure to comply with these requirements, regulations, obligations or standards could have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and operating results.
In conducting our business, we collect, process, transmit, store, use and share sensitive business information and PII about our customers, financial institution partners, vendors, and other parties. This information may include account access credentials, credit and debit card numbers, bank account numbers, social security numbers, passport/ID numbers, driver’s license numbers, names and addresses and other types of sensitive business information or PII, including copies of documents thereof. Some of this information is also collected, processed, stored, used, shared and transmitted by our software and financial institution partners, third-party service providers to whom we outsource certain functions and other vendors. We have certain responsibilities to payment networks and their member financial institutions for any failure, including the failure of our associated third-party service providers, to protect this information. Information security risks for financial and technology companies such as ours have significantly increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties. Because of our position in the payments value chain, we believe that we are likely to continue to be a target of such threats and attacks. Additionally, geopolitical events and resulting government activity could also lead to information security threats and attacks by affected jurisdictions and their sympathizers. If these attempts are successful it could lead to the compromise of sensitive or confidential business information or PII.
In addition, our products and services may themselves be targets of cyberattacks that attempt to sabotage or otherwise disable them, or the defensive and preventative measures we take ultimately may not be able to effectively detect, prevent, or protect against or otherwise mitigate losses from all cyberattacks. Despite significant efforts to create security barriers against such threats, it is virtually impossible for us to eliminate these risks entirely. Any such breach could compromise our platform, creating system disruptions or slowdowns and exploiting security vulnerabilities of our products and services. Additionally, in case of such breach, the information stored on our platform could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen, which could subject us to substantial liability and cause us financial harm. These breaches, or any perceived breach, may also result in damage to our reputation, negative publicity, loss of key business relationships and sales, increased costs to remedy any problem (including repairing system damage, increasing security protection costs by deploying additional personnel and modifying or enhancing our protection technologies and investigating and remediating any information security vulnerabilities) regulatory inquiries and investigations, customer complaints and costly litigation and legal expenses, and may therefore adversely impact market acceptance of our products and seriously affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We have in the past, and may in the future, be the target of malicious third-party attempts to identify and exploit system vulnerabilities, and/or penetrate or bypass our security measures, in order to gain unauthorized access to our platform and systems. If these attempts are successful it could lead to the compromise of sensitive or confidential business information or PII. While we proactively employ multiple methods at different layers of our systems to defend against intrusion and attack and to protect our data, we cannot be certain that these measures are sufficient to counter all current and emerging technology threats.
Our computer systems and the computer systems of our third-party service providers and software partners have been, and in the future could be, subject to breaches, and our data protection measures may not prevent unauthorized access. While we believe the procedures and processes we have implemented to handle an attack are adequate, the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and are often difficult to detect. In addition, increased remote operations creates an additional risk of attack while decreasing our ability to monitor. Threats to our systems and associated third-party systems can originate from human error, fraud or malice on the part of employees or third-parties, or simply from accidental technological failure. Computer viruses and other malware can be distributed and could infiltrate our systems or those of third-party service providers. In addition, denial of service or other attacks could be launched against us for a variety of purposes, including to interfere with our services or create a diversion for other malicious activities. Our defensive measures may not prevent unplanned downtime, unauthorized access or unauthorized use of sensitive business data or PII. While we maintain cyber errors and omissions insurance coverage that covers certain aspects of cyber risks, our insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us in this regard that exceed our available insurance coverage, or the
occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also cannot ensure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims related to a security incident or breach, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. Further, while we select our third-party service providers carefully, we do not control their actions. Any problems experienced by these third-parties, including those resulting from breakdowns or other disruptions in the services provided by such parties or cyber-attacks and security breaches, could adversely affect our ability to service our customers or otherwise conduct our business.
We could also be subject to liability for claims relating to misuse of PII, such as unauthorized marketing purposes and violation of consumer protection or data privacy laws. In addition, federal and state regulations may require us to notify individuals of data security incidents involving certain types of PII or information technology systems. We cannot provide assurance that the contractual requirements related to security and privacy that we impose on our service providers who have access to customer data will be followed or will be adequate to prevent the unauthorized use or disclosure of such data. In addition, we have agreed in certain agreements to take certain protective measures to ensure the confidentiality of customer data. The costs of systems and procedures associated with such protective measures may increase and could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. Any failure to adequately enforce or provide these protective measures could result in liability, protracted and costly litigation, governmental and card network intervention and fines and, with respect to misuse of PII of our customers, lost revenue and reputational harm.
Any type of security breach, attack or misuse of data, whether experienced by us or an associated third-party, could harm our reputation or deter existing or prospective customers from using our services, increase our operating expenses in order to contain and remediate the incident, expose us to unbudgeted or uninsured liability, disrupt our operations (including potential service interruptions), divert management focus away from other priorities, increase our risk of regulatory scrutiny, result in the imposition of penalties and fines under state, federal and foreign laws or by card schemes and adversely affect our regulatory licenses and banking relationships. Further, if we were to be removed from networks’ lists of Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, our existing customers and financial institution partners or other third parties may cease using our services.
We are subject to risks relating to our Working Capital products, including risk of losses and risks associated with the availability of capital for our Working Capital products.
We fund our Working Capital product offering through a mix of balance sheet cash and warehouse financing facilities. Our current and future, if any, Working Capital financing facilities contain or may contain requirements to maintain certain financial covenants and restrictions, a failure of which may result in an event of default, which could adversely affect our access to liquidity to support our Working Capital activity.
The Working Capital products we provide are generally in the form of “merchant capital advances,” i.e., purchase of future receivables from our customers. They are not guaranteed in any way. Adverse changes in macroeconomic conditions or performance of our customers’ business could cause some of our customers who utilize our Working Capital products to cease operating or to experience a decline in their payment receipts, thereby rendering the receivables lower than the amount advanced and/or causing the repayment period to be extended beyond the original settlement term. With a merchant capital advance, the speed of settlement determines our effective yield, so any extension of settlement periods would be expected to reduce the effective yield we receive on such product. In addition, adverse changes in macroeconomic conditions could lead to a decrease in the number of our customers who are eligible for our Working Capital products.
Merchant capital advances are subject to limited regulatory scrutiny in most jurisdictions, but some regulatory bodies may take a view that merchant capital advances should be subject to licensing requirements, or if the terms upon which we are able to offer merchant capital advances were required to be changed in order to comply with any requirements imposed by a regulatory body, we may need to pursue changes to the current model or pursue an alternative model for providing our Working Capital products. Substantial changes of the model may lead to a loss or modification of our financing facilities and as a result this portion of our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Failure to protect, enforce and defend our intellectual property rights may diminish our competitive advantages or interfere with our ability to market and promote our products and services and claims that we infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate third parties’ intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business. We also use open-source software and may be subject to claims from licensors related to ownership and use rights.
Our trademarks, trade names, trade secrets, know-how, proprietary technology and other intellectual property are important to our future success. We believe our trademarks and trade names are widely recognized and associated with quality and reliable service. While it is our policy to protect and defend our intellectual property rights vigorously, we cannot predict whether the steps we take to protect our intellectual property will be adequate to prevent infringement, misappropriation, dilution or other potential violations of our intellectually property rights. We also cannot guarantee that others will not independently develop technology with the same or similar functions to any proprietary technology we rely on to conduct our business and differentiate ourselves from our competitors. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to copy or obtain and use our technology to develop applications with the same functionality as our solutions, and policing unauthorized use of our technology and intellectual property rights is difficult and may not be effective. Furthermore, we have in the past and may in the future face trademark registration objections, or claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violation of third-party intellectual property rights that could interfere with our ability to market and promote our brands, products and services. Any litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or defend ourselves against claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, even those without merit and regardless of the outcome, could be costly, divert attention of management and may not ultimately be resolved in our favor. Moreover, if we are unable to successfully defend against claims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others, we may be prevented from using or required to redesign certain intellectual property, pay substantial amounts to satisfy judgments or settle claims or lawsuits, obtain a license to continue commercializing or using the applicable technologies, products and services, pay substantial royalty or licensing fees, satisfy indemnification obligations that we have with certain parties with whom we have commercial relationships, or may be liable for damages, which in turn could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
While software and other of our proprietary works may be protected under copyright law, we have chosen not to register any copyrights in these works, and instead, primarily rely on protecting our software as a trade secret. In order to bring a copyright infringement lawsuit in the United States, the copyright must be registered with the United States Copyright Office. Accordingly, the remedies and damages available to us for unauthorized use of our software may be limited.
We attempt to protect our intellectual property and proprietary information by requiring our employees, consultants and certain of our contractors to execute confidentiality and invention assignment agreements. However, we may not obtain these agreements in all circumstances, and individuals with whom we have these agreements may not comply with their terms. The assignment of intellectual property rights under these agreements may not be self-executing or the assignment agreements may be breached, and we may be forced to bring claims against third parties, or defend claims that they may bring against us, to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property. In addition, we may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical know-how or other trade secrets by the parties to these agreements despite the existence generally of confidentiality agreements and other contractual restrictions. Monitoring unauthorized uses and disclosures is difficult and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our proprietary technologies will be effective.
In addition, we use open-source software in connection with our proprietary software and expect to continue to use open-source software in the future. Some open-source licenses require licensors to provide source code to licensees upon request, prohibit licensors from charging a fee to licensees or require licensors to make available any derivative works of the open-source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost, and we may be subject to such terms. While we try to insulate our proprietary code from the effects of such open-source license provisions, we cannot guarantee we will be successful. Accordingly, we may face claims from others claiming ownership of, or seeking to enforce the license terms applicable to such open-source software, including by demanding release of the open-source software, derivative works or our proprietary source code that was developed or distributed with such software. In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open-source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of software. There is little legal precedent in this area and any actual or claimed requirement to disclose our proprietary source code or pay damages for breach of contract could harm our business and could help third parties, including our competitors, develop products and services that are similar to or better than ours.
These claims could also result in litigation, require us to purchase a costly license or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our software, any of which would have a negative effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, if the license terms for the open-source code change, we may be forced to re-engineer our software or incur additional costs.
Our products and services may not function as intended due to errors in our or our third-party providers’ software, hardware, and systems, product defects, or due to security breaches or human error in administering these systems, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
Our services are based on sophisticated software and computer systems and we may encounter delays when developing new applications and services. Further, our or our third-party providers’ software may contain undetected vulnerabilities, errors or defects. In addition, we may experience difficulties in installing or integrating our technology on systems or with other programs used by our third-party providers. Defects in our or our third-party providers’ software, errors or delays in the processing of electronic transactions or other difficulties could result in interruption of business operations, delay in market acceptance, additional development and remediation costs, diversion of technical and other resources, loss of customers or customer data, negative publicity or exposure to liability claims. Although we attempt to limit our potential liability through disclaimers and limitation of liability provisions in our license and other agreements, we cannot be certain that these measures will successfully limit our liability.
Additionally, electronic payment products and services, including ours, have been, and could continue to be in the future, specifically targeted and penetrated or disrupted by hackers. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to data, products, and services and to disable, degrade, or sabotage them change frequently and may be difficult to detect or remediate for long periods of time, we and our customers may be unable to anticipate these techniques to implement adequate preventative measures to stop them. If we, our customers or third-party service providers are unable to anticipate or prevent these attacks, our customers’ businesses may be harmed, our reputation could be damaged, and we could incur significant liability.
Our systems and our third-party providers’ systems may be subject to system failures or capacity constraints, and resulting interruptions in the availability of our platform, products, or services, including the accessibility of our solutions through mobile devices, could harm our business.
Our systems and those of our third-party providers, including data center facilities, may experience service interruptions, cyberattacks and other security incidents, including as a result of human error, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, other natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks and other geopolitical unrest, computer viruses, changes in social, political or regulatory conditions or in laws and policies, or other changes or events. Our systems and facilities are also subject to break-ins, sabotage, and acts of vandalism. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our disaster-recovery planning is not sufficient for all eventualities. In addition, as a provider of payments solutions and other financial services, we are subject to increased scrutiny by regulators that may require specific business continuity and disaster recovery plans and more rigorous testing of such plans. This increased scrutiny may be costly and time-consuming and may divert our resources from other business priorities.
We have experienced and will likely continue to experience denial-of-service and other cyberattacks, system failures, security incidents, and other events or conditions that interrupt the availability or reduce the speed or functionality of our products and services. These events may result in loss of revenue. In addition, they could result in significant expense to repair or replace damaged equipment and remedy resultant data loss or corruption. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the speed or other functionality of our products or services could materially harm our reputation and business. Frequent or persistent interruptions in our products and services could cause customers to believe that our products and services are unreliable, leading them to switch to our competitors or to avoid our products and services, and could permanently harm our reputation and business. Moreover, to the extent that any system failure or similar event results in damages to customers or their businesses, these customers could seek compensation from us for their losses, and those claims, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time-consuming and costly for us to address.
A significant natural or man-made disaster could have a material and adverse impact on our business. The insurance we maintain may not be sufficient to compensate us for the potentially significant losses that could result from disruptions to our services. Significant natural or other disasters could also have a material and adverse impact on our sellers, which, in the aggregate, could in turn adversely affect our results of operations.
Our risk management framework, including our counterparty risk management, may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure against all types of risks.
We operate in a rapidly changing industry. Accordingly, our risk management policies and procedures may not be fully effective to identify, monitor and manage all risks our business encounters. In addition, when we introduce new services, focus on new business types, or begin to operate in markets where we have a limited history of fraud loss, we may be less able to forecast and reserve accurately for those losses. If our policies and procedures are not fully effective or we are not successful in identifying and mitigating
all risks to which we are or may be exposed, we may suffer uninsured liability, harm to our reputation or be subject to litigation or regulatory actions that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. For example, if our security measures do not succeed, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities involving personal data, such as unauthorized use of another’s identity or payment information, account takeover, unauthorized acquisition or use of credit or debit card details and other fraudulent use of another’s identity or information.
We offer our payment services to a large number of customers. We are responsible for vetting and monitoring these customers and determining whether the transactions we process for them are lawful and legitimate. When our products and services are used to process illegitimate transactions, and we settle those funds to recipients and are unable to recover them, we suffer losses and liability. These types of illegitimate, as well as unlawful, transactions can also expose us to governmental and regulatory sanctions in various jurisdictions (including U.S. anti-money laundering and economic sanctions violations). The highly automated nature of, and liquidity offered by, our payment services make us a target for illegal or improper uses, including fraudulent or illegal sales of goods or services, money laundering, and terrorist financing. Identity thieves and those committing fraud using stolen or fabricated credit card or bank account numbers, or other deceptive or malicious practices, including the hacking of bank accounts, can potentially steal significant amounts of money from businesses like ours. In configuring our payment and Working Capital services, we face an inherent trade-off between security and customer convenience. Our risk management policies, procedures, techniques, and processes may not be sufficient to identify all of the risks to which we are exposed, to enable us to mitigate the risks we have identified, or to identify additional risks to which we may become subject in the future. As a greater number of larger merchants use our services, we expect our exposure to material losses from a single merchant, or from a small number of merchants, to increase. In addition, when we introduce new services, focus on new business types, or begin to operate in markets in which we have a limited history of fraud loss, we may be less able to forecast and reserve accurately for those losses. Moreover, we rely on third-party service providers, such as non-financial institutions and payment service providers, and our risk management policies and processes may not be sufficient to monitor compliance by such third parties with applicable laws and regulations, including anti-money laundering laws. We may incur significant costs with respect to monitoring third-party service providers. Furthermore, if our risk management policies and processes contain errors or are otherwise ineffective, we may suffer large financial losses, we may be subject to civil and criminal liability, and our business may be materially and adversely affected.
Our results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
We are subject to risks related to changes in currency rates as a result of our investments in international operations and from revenues generated in currencies other than the United States dollar. Our results of operations may be affected by such international operations as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
From time to time, we may utilize foreign currency forward contracts and other hedging instruments to mitigate the market value risks associated with foreign currency-denominated transactions and investments. These hedging strategies may not, however, eliminate all of the risks related to foreign currency translation, and we may forgo the benefits we would otherwise experience if currency exchange rates were to change in our favor.
In addition, our ability to optimize foreign exchange revenues as part of the payment delivery process may be adversely affected due to foreign exchange market and regulatory conditions outside of our control, as a result of which revenue and profit may decrease as compared to prior periods. In addition, we may become subject to exchange control regulations that restrict or prohibit the conversion of our foreign revenue currencies into United States dollars. Any of these factors could decrease the value of revenues and earnings we derive from our international operations and have a material adverse effect on our business.
Changes and evolving requirements in tax laws or their interpretation, including as applied to us and our customers, could adversely affect our business.
As a multinational organization operating in multiple jurisdictions, including but not limited to the U.S., the EU, the UK, Israel and Hong Kong, we may be subject to increasingly complex tax laws and regulations in several jurisdictions, the application of which can be uncertain. The amount of taxes we are required to pay in these jurisdictions could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws, or revised interpretations of existing tax laws, potential disputes around transfer prices implemented and precedents, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Such material adverse effect may include the value of any tax loss carryforwards, tax credits recorded on our balance sheet, the amount of our cash flow, our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
Many of the jurisdictions in which we conduct business have detailed transfer pricing rules, which require contemporaneous documentation establishing that all transactions with non-resident related parties be priced using arm’s length pricing principles. Tax authorities in these jurisdictions could challenge our related party transfer pricing policies and, consequently, the tax treatment of corresponding expenses and income. If any tax authority were to be successful in challenging our transfer pricing policies, we may be liable for additional corporate income tax, withholding tax, indirect tax and penalties and interest related thereto, which may have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to regular review and audit by the relevant tax authorities in the jurisdictions in which we operate and as a result, the authorities in these jurisdictions could review our tax returns and may impose additional significant taxes, interest and penalties, challenge the transfer pricing policies adopted by us, claim that our operations constitute a taxable presence in different jurisdictions and/or that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiaries or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries, any of which could materially affect our income tax provision, net income, or cash flows in the period or periods for which such determination is made.
In addition, tax benefits we currently receive in certain jurisdictions require us to meet several conditions and may be challenged, terminated or reduced in the future, which would increase our taxes, possibly with a retroactive effect.
Furthermore, companies in the electronic payments industry, including us, may become subject to incremental taxation in various tax jurisdictions. The cost to comply with such laws or regulations could be significant. Taxing jurisdictions have not yet adopted uniform positions on this topic. We could be required to collect additional sales, use, value added, digital services, equalization levy or other similar taxes, either direct or indirect, or be subject to other liabilities that may increase the costs our customers would have to pay for our products and adversely affect our results of operations. If we are required to be responsible for payment of such additional taxes and are unable to pass such taxes or expenses through or collect them from our customers, our costs would increase, and our net income would be reduced.
In addition, the failure by our customers to comply with reporting obligations in connection with transactions on our platform could result in regulatory inquiry, reputational damage and potential enforcement actions and additional reporting and withholding requirements.
Our current and future indebtedness may restrict our current and future operations, which could adversely affect our ability to respond to changes in our business and to manage our operations.
We and our subsidiaries may incur substantial indebtedness in the future. Agreements evidencing or governing any future indebtedness, including the Warehouse Facility with Viola Ventures (as described in greater detail under the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity”, and Note 11 (Debt) to our audited consolidated financial statement included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K), contain or may contain financial restrictions on us and our subsidiaries. If we are unable to service our debt and other obligations from cash flows, we may need to refinance or restructure all or a portion of such obligations prior to maturity. Our ability to refinance or restructure our debt and other obligations will depend upon the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time, including rising interest rates, which could increase the cost of refinancing debt and incurring new debt. Any refinancing or restructuring may also require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. If our cash flows are insufficient to service our debt and other obligations, we may not be able to refinance or restructure any of these obligations on commercially reasonable terms or at all and any refinancing or restructuring could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Climate change and environmental issues could adversely affect our operations, business, customers and partners.
Concerns over the risks associated with climate change and environmental matters have been growing in recent years, and are at the center of rapidly evolving rule-making in the United States and abroad. Customers, investors, partners, and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices. While we have not yet identified a material impact on our results and operations, we acknowledge that physical events, such as extreme weather and natural disasters, could disrupt our operations or those of our customers, partners, or third parties on which we rely, and may result in market volatility, shift in customer purchasing behaviors and travel patterns, and subsequently adversely impact our business. In addition, current and emerging ESG-related regulation, such as mandated disclosures or requirements to reduce carbon footprint, may result in increased compliance requirements, which may increase our costs.
Regulatory Risks Related to Payoneer
Our business is subject to laws, rules, regulations, policies and legal interpretations in the markets in which we operate, including (but not limited to) those governing deposit taking, factoring, stored value, cross-border and domestic money transmission, foreign exchange, privacy, data protection, banking secrecy and payment services (including payment processing and settlement services). The legal and regulatory requirements applicable to us are extensive, complex, frequently changing, and increasing in number, and may impose overlapping and/or conflicting requirements or obligations.
Financial and political events have increased the level of regulatory scrutiny on the payments industry, and regulatory bodies may view matters or interpret laws and regulations differently than they have in the past and in a manner adverse to our business. Our success and increased visibility may result in increased regulatory oversight and tighter enforcement of rules and regulations that may apply to our business. Governments may impose new regulatory requirements in a range of areas that, among other things, may:
● Prohibit, restrict, and/or impose taxes or fees on our services, including to or from certain countries or with certain individuals, and entities;
● Impose additional customer identification and due diligence requirements;
● Impose additional reporting or record keeping requirements, or require enhanced transaction monitoring;
● Limit the types of entities capable of providing money transmission services, or impose additional licensing or registration requirements;
● Impose minimum capital or other financial requirements;
● Limit or restrict the revenue that may be generated from transmitting money, processing payments, or factoring receivables, including interest earned on customer funds, transaction fees, and revenue generated from foreign exchange transactions;
● Require enhanced disclosures to customers;
● Limit the number or principal amount of money transmission transactions that may be sent to or from a jurisdiction, whether by an individual or in the aggregate; and
● Restrict or limit the ability of firms to process transactions using a centralized record keeping system located outside of the jurisdiction in which the customer is located, requiring that data associated be localized in the same jurisdiction as the customer.
Any failure or perceived failure to comply with existing or new laws and regulations (including changes to or expansion of the interpretation of those laws and regulations), including those discussed in this risk factor, may subject us to significant fines, penalties, criminal and civil lawsuits, forfeiture of significant assets, and other enforcement actions in one or more jurisdictions; result in additional compliance and licensure requirements; increase regulatory scrutiny of our business; restrict our operations; force us to change our business practices, make product or operational changes or delay planned product launches or improvements. The foregoing could, individually or in the aggregate, expose us to significant liability, impose significant costs, require us to expend substantial resources, increase the cost and complexity of compliance, damage our brand and business, make our products and services less attractive, result in the loss of customers, limit our ability to grow the business, adversely affect our results of operations, and harm our reputation. The complexity of existing U.S. federal and state and foreign regulatory and enforcement regimes, coupled with the global scope of our operations and the evolving U.S. and international regulatory environment, could result in a single event giving rise to a large number of overlapping investigations and legal and regulatory proceedings by multiple government authorities in different jurisdictions. We have implemented policies and procedures designed to help ensure compliance with applicable laws, and regulations, but there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, or agents will not violate such laws and regulations.
We have obtained licenses to operate in multiple jurisdictions around the world. We hold licenses in the United States, Europe, Japan, Australia, and Hong Kong. From time to time, we interact with our regulators concerning the interpretation or application of certain regulatory requirements. In addition, we are obligated to self-report when we exceed the parameters or constraints of our licenses. In the past, these matters have not had a material adverse effect on our business, but no assurance can be given that future disagreements or disputes will not have a material adverse effect on our business.
In the United States, we provide our services through Payoneer Inc. Payoneer Inc. is licensed as a money transmitter (or its equivalent) in the states where it is required, as well as in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. As a licensed money transmitter,
Payoneer Inc. is subject to restrictions with respect to its investment of customer funds, reporting requirements, bonding requirements and inspection by state regulatory agencies. Accordingly, if Payoneer Inc. violates these laws or regulations, we could be subject to liability and/or additional restrictions, forced to cease doing business with residents of certain states, forced to change our business practices or be required to obtain additional licenses or regulatory approvals that could impose substantial costs.
We provide our services to customers in the European Economic Area through our Irish subsidiary, Payoneer Europe Limited (“Payoneer Europe”). Payoneer Europe is licensed by the Central Bank of Ireland as an e-money institution and has completed the “passport” notification processes in all European Economic Area countries. We have received permission from the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) in the United Kingdom under its temporary permissions regime for Payoneer Europe to provide services to United Kingdom customers until the end of 2023, and have meanwhile filed an application with and have been granted a license by the FCA for authorization as an e-money institution for the purpose of serving United Kingdom customers prior to the end of said permission. Payoneer Europe is subject to significant fines or other enforcement action if it violates the disclosure, reporting, anti-money-laundering, capitalization, funds management, corporate governance, privacy, data protection, information security, banking secrecy, taxation, sanctions, or other requirements imposed on Irish e-money institutions. The regulators in any country in which we provide services could seek to persuade the regulators that have granted us a license to require us to operate through a local branch. In addition, European Union laws and regulations are typically subject to different and potentially inconsistent interpretations by the countries that are members of the European Union. Such actions can make compliance more costly and operationally difficult to manage.
In Japan, Payoneer Japan Ltd. (“Payoneer Japan”) is licensed as a Registered Fund Transfer Service Provider. Accordingly, Payoneer Japan is subject to significant fines or other enforcement action if it violates the disclosure, reporting, anti-money-laundering, capitalization, fund management, corporate governance, privacy, data protection, information security, banking secrecy, taxation, sanctions, or other requirements imposed on Japanese fund transfer service providers.
In Australia, Payoneer Australia Pty. Ltd. (“Payoneer Australia”) is licensed by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission as a provider of a non-cash payment products. Accordingly, Payoneer Australia is subject to significant fines or other enforcement action if it violates the product disclosure, reporting, anti-money laundering, capitalization, privacy, corporate governance or other requirements imposed on Australian providers of non-cash payment products.
In Hong Kong, Payoneer Hong Kong Limited (“Payoneer Hong Kong”) is licensed as a Money Service Operator. Accordingly, Payoneer Hong Kong is subject to significant fines or other enforcement action if it violates the product disclosure, reporting, anti-money laundering, capitalization, privacy, corporate governance or other requirements imposed on Hong Kong money service operators.
In India, we are registered as an Online Payment Gateway Service Provider, approved by the Reserve Bank of India, for the purpose of facilitating certain import and export payments for Indian residents. We are required to periodically renew our registration as an Online Payment Gateway Service Provider.
In Singapore, we have received in-principle approval as a Major Payment Institution license holder from the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
In many of the markets in which we do business, we serve our customers through a company licensed in a different jurisdiction. It is unclear and uncertain whether our services are subject only to the jurisdictions in which they are licensed or if our services are subject to the law of the jurisdiction in which our customer is based. We have been and expect to continue to be required to apply for various licenses, certifications and regulatory approvals in countries other than ones in which we have already obtained a license. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such licenses in the future, and the failure to obtain such licenses could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we can obtain such licenses, there are substantial costs and potential product changes involved in maintaining such licenses, and we could be subject to fines or other enforcement action if we are found to violate disclosure, reporting, anti-money laundering, capitalization, or corporate governance requirements.
In many other countries it may not be clear whether we are required to be licensed as a payment services provider, financial institution or otherwise. In such markets, we may rely on local banks or licensed payment service providers to process payments and conduct foreign exchange in local currency. Local regulators may use their power to slow or halt payments to our customers in those jurisdictions. Such regulatory actions or the need to obtain licenses, certifications or other regulatory approvals could impose substantial costs and involve considerable delay in the provision or development of our services in a given market, or could require significant and costly operational changes or prevent us from providing any services in a given market.
As we expand and localize our international activities, we are increasingly becoming obligated to comply with the laws of the countries or markets in which we operate. In addition, because our services are accessible worldwide and we facilitate sales of goods and services and provide services to customers worldwide, one or more jurisdictions may claim that we or our customers are required to comply with their laws.
Our results of operations may be adversely affected as a result of any decrease in revenue from customers operating in China as a result of regulatory changes or occurrences under other risk factors discussed herein. As a significant portion of our revenue is generated from China, any negative impact to our ability to serve customers based in China could exacerbate the other risks set forth herein.
Our services to customers from Greater China generated 31% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. This geographic concentration in our business creates exposure to local economies and politics, and regional downturns. We are vulnerable to economic downturns or changing political landscapes in China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Any unforeseen events or circumstances that negatively affect these areas could materially adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
We currently support customers from China through our partnerships with banks and licensed payment providers that are regulated by the People’s Republic of China and are licensed by the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”) and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. As a result, we do not currently hold a license to operate in China. In the future, the PBOC and China legislation may require foreign companies that provide services to Chinese businesses to have a local license, and should that be required a failure by us to secure such a license could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we can obtain such license, there are substantial costs and potential product changes involved in maintaining such license, and we could be subject to fines or other enforcement action if we are found to violate disclosure, reporting, anti-money laundering, capitalization, or corporate governance requirements. Any change in regulation or legal requirements in China that restricts the services we can provide to customers operating in China may lead to a decrease in revenue and materially and adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.
Failure to comply with anti-money laundering, anti-bribery, economic and trade sanctions regulations and similar laws, could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to various anti-money laundering, anti-bribery, economic and trade sanctions regulations and similar laws, and our failure to comply with such laws and regulations could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
U.S. and other regulators globally continue to increase their scrutiny of compliance with these obligations, which requires us to continually monitor and update our compliance program, including the procedures we use to verify the identity of our customers and to monitor international and domestic transactions. Many countries in which we operate also have anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing laws and regulations, and we have been and continue to be required to make changes to our compliance program in various jurisdictions in response. The European Commission, for example, from time to time introduces revisions to the Anti-Money Laundering Directives, which could make compliance more costly and operationally difficult to manage. Regulators regularly re-examine the transaction volume thresholds at which we must obtain and keep applicable records or verify identities of customers and any change in such thresholds could result in greater costs for compliance.
We rely on technical programs and third-party providers to monitor our compliance with the laws and regulations to which we are subject. Such technical programs require us to timely update the programs to account for any relevant changes in laws or regulations. If we fail to update the technical programs correctly or in a timely manner, the technical programs may fail to flag conduct that violates existing laws or regulations, which may subject us to government investigation, fines or reputational damage and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We routinely report to the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) on payments we have rejected or blocked pursuant to OFAC sanctions regulations and on any possible violations of those regulations. Any transactions we process in violation of OFAC sanctions regulations could result in claims or actions against us including litigation, injunctions, damage awards, fines or penalties, or require us to change our business practices that could result in a material loss, require significant management time, result in the diversion of significant operational resources or otherwise harm our business. Violation of OFAC sanctions regulations that OFAC determines to be egregious can result in significant statutory penalties in addition to harm to our reputation. We have made in the past, and may make in the future, disclosures related to potential violations of OFAC sanctions regulations. For example, in February 2016, we submitted a disclosure to OFAC about certain payments to the Crimea region of
Ukraine and other OFAC target countries, and during 2021 we entered into a settlement with OFAC relating to the foregoing matter which included a monetary settlement.
We may operate our business in foreign countries where companies often engage in business practices that are prohibited by United States and other regulations applicable to us. We are subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other laws that prohibit the making or offering of improper payments to foreign government officials and political figures, including anti-bribery provisions enforced by the Department of Justice. These laws prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by United States persons or companies for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have implemented policies, procedures, systems, and controls designed to identify and address potentially impermissible transactions under such laws and regulations; however, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, consultants and agents, including those that may be based in or from countries where practices that violate U.S. or other laws may be customary, will not take actions in violation of our policies, for which we may be ultimately responsible.
Our business is subject to complex and evolving regulations and oversight, in relation to privacy and data protection. Failure to comply with applicable data protection laws and regulations could subject us to fines and reputational harm.
As part of our business, we collect PII, also referred to as personal data or personal information, and other potentially sensitive and/or regulated data from our employees, customers and the vendors we work with. Laws and regulations in the United States, Europe and around the world restrict how personal information is collected, processed, stored, transferred, used and disclosed, as well as set standards for its security, implement notice requirements regarding privacy practices, and provide individuals with certain rights regarding the use, disclosure and sale of their protected personal information. Several foreign jurisdictions, including the European Economic Area (EEA) member states and the United Kingdom, have laws and regulations which are more restrictive in certain respects than those in the United States. For example, the EU General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which came into force on May 25, 2018, implemented stringent operational requirements for the use of personal data. In addition, the European e-Privacy Directive requires EEA member states to regulate marketing by electronic means and the use of web cookies and other tracking technology. Each EEA member state has transposed the requirements of these directives into its own national data privacy regime, and therefore the laws may differ between jurisdictions. This directive is under reform and is expected to be replaced in the future by a regulation which should provide consistent requirements across the EU.
The GDPR (and GDPR as it forms part of retained European law (as defined in the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018) (UK GDPR)), introduced more stringent requirements (which will continue to be interpreted through guidance and decisions over the coming years) and requirements on organizations to erase or rectify an individual’s information upon request, implement mandatory data breach notifications and applies obligations on service providers and strict protections on how data may be transferred outside of the EEA. Recent legal developments in Europe have created complexity and uncertainty regarding transfers of personal data from the EEA to the United States. On July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the EU struck down a permitted personal data transfer mechanism between the EEA and the United States, invalidating the use of the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield framework and further casting doubt on the use of another main transfer mechanism, the EU standard contractual clauses. Subsequently, on June 4, 2021, the European Commission published new standard contractual clauses for the transfer of personal data from EEA member states, which, in order to address the above ruling, includes the requirement to conduct data transfer impact assessments to determine whether law and practice in a receiving jurisdiction would prevent the recipient from meeting its obligations under the new standard contractual clauses, in addition to the requirement to conduct periodic reviews to identify change of laws and practices in the receiving jurisdiction. In October 2022, an Executive Order was signed on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities directing the steps that the United States will take to implement its commitments under the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework announced by the EU and the United States in March 2022. In December 2022, the European Commission launched the process to adopt an adequacy decision for the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, which will foster trans-Atlantic data flows and address the concerns raised by the Court of Justice of the European Union in its July 16, 2020 decision which invalidate the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield.
In the United States, both the federal and various state governments have adopted or are considering, laws, guidelines or rules for the collection, distribution, use and storage of information collected from or about consumers or their devices. For example, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which became enforceable by the California Attorney General on July 1, 2020 and requires disclosures to California consumers, imposes new rules for collecting or using information about minors, and affords consumers new abilities to opt out of certain disclosures of personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The effects of the CCPA, its implementing regulations, and uncertainties about the scope and applicability of exemptions that may apply to our business, are potentially significant and may require us to modify our data collection or processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Additionally, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which amended and replaced the
CCPA as of January 1, 2023, is expected to strengthen privacy laws in California and create a new privacy regulatory agency in the State with additional enforcement powers. In addition, Virginia adopted a new state data privacy law that became effective on January 1, 2023, Colorado and Connecticut adopted new state privacy laws which will become effective on July 1, 2023, and Utah adopted its own state privacy law which will become effective on December 31, 2023, all adding rights to consumers and compliance obligations for businesses. Nevada also amended its privacy law effective as of October 2021, adding consumer rights in relation to the sale of personal data.
In addition, the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (PIPL) became effective November 1, 2021. The PIPL regulates data processing in China, and the protection of the privacy and personal information of Chinese citizens. The PIPL applies to Chinese organizations, as well as foreign organizations engaging with customers from China, and requires such organizations to take necessary measures, as applicable, in order to ensure compliance.
As these and other laws and regulations may continue to evolve and be enacted, or new interpretation of existing laws and regulations apply, it may require us to modify our data processing practices, agreements and policies and to incur substantial costs in order to comply with this ever-evolving regulatory landscape. Restrictions on the collection, use, sharing or disclosure of PII or additional requirements and liability for security and data integrity could require us to modify our solutions and features, possibly in a material manner, could limit our ability to develop new services and features and could subject us to increased compliance obligations and regulatory scrutiny. We take a variety of technical and organizational security measures and other measures to protect the data we process, including data pertaining to our customers, employees and business partners. Despite measures we put in place, we may be unable to anticipate or prevent unauthorized access to such data.
Non-compliance with data protection and privacy requirements may result in regulatory fines (which for certain breaches of the GDPR are up to the greater of 20 million Euros or 4% of total global annual turnover), regulatory investigations, reputational damage, orders to cease/change our processing of our data, enforcement notices, and/or assessment notices (for a compulsory audit). We may also face civil claims including representative actions and other class action type litigation (where individuals have suffered harm), potentially amounting to significant compensation or damages liabilities, as well as associated costs, diversion of internal resources, and reputational harm.
General Risks Related to Payoneer
From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are involved in various litigation matters from time to time. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Our insurance or indemnities may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us, and any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, may harm our reputation. If we are unsuccessful in our defense in these litigation matters, or any other legal proceeding, we may be forced to pay damages or fines, enter into consent decrees or change our business practices, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The failure to attract and retain key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We depend on the experience, skill and contributions of our senior management and other key employees. If we fail to attract, motivate and retain highly qualified management and key personnel, including (but not limited to), technical, compliance and sales employees, particularly in light of the intensified and expanded competition for talent, our future success could be harmed. Our senior management provides strategic direction for our company, and if we lose members of our leadership team, our management resources may have to be diverted from other priorities to address this loss. Our products and services require sophisticated knowledge of the financial services industry, applicable regulatory and industry requirements, computer systems, and software applications, and if we cannot hire or retain the necessary skilled personnel, we could suffer delays in new product development, experience difficulty complying with applicable requirements or otherwise fail to satisfy our customers’ demands.
Acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic transactions create certain risks and may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures are part of our growth strategy. We evaluate and expect in the future to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of, and partnerships or joint ventures with, complementary businesses, services or technologies. We
may not be successful in identifying acquisition, partnership and joint venture targets. In addition, we may not be able to successfully finance or integrate any businesses, services or technologies that we acquire or with which we form a partnership or joint venture. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or complete acquisitions in the future, which could adversely affect our future growth; or businesses that we acquire may not perform as well as expected or may be more difficult or expensive to integrate and manage than expected, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, the process of integrating these acquisitions may disrupt our business and divert our resources.
In addition, acquisitions outside of the United States often involve additional or increased risks including, for example:
● managing geographically separated organizations, systems and facilities;
● integrating personnel with diverse business backgrounds and organizational cultures;
● complying with non-U.S. regulatory requirements;
● fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
● enforcement and protection of intellectual property in some non-U.S. countries;
● difficulty entering new non-U.S. markets due to, among other things, consumer acceptance and business knowledge of these new markets; and
● general economic and political conditions.
These risks may arise for a number of reasons, including: we may not be able to find suitable businesses to acquire at affordable valuations or on other acceptable terms; we may face competition for acquisitions from other potential acquirers; we may need to borrow money or sell equity or debt securities to the public to finance acquisitions and the terms of these financings may be adverse to us; changes in accounting, tax, securities or other regulations could increase the difficulty or cost for us to complete acquisitions; we may incur unforeseen obligations or liabilities in connection with acquisitions; we may need to devote unanticipated financial and management resources to an acquired business; we may not realize expected operating efficiencies or product integration benefits from an acquisition; we could enter markets where we have minimal prior experience; and we may experience decreases in earnings as a result of non-cash impairment charges.
We cannot ensure that any acquisition, partnership or joint venture we make will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect our business.
As a public company, we have significant requirements for enhanced financial reporting and internal controls, and must maintain internal controls over financial reporting to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The process of designing, implementing and maintaining effective internal controls is a continuous effort that require us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments. In this regard, we continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants, implement a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing whether such controls are functioning as documented, and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to maintain appropriate disclose controls or internal controls and procedures over financial reporting, it could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements and adversely affect our operating results.
Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited
As of December 31, 2022, Payoneer had accumulated net operating loss carryforwards which are available to offset and reduce future taxable income.
Net operating losses that were incurred prior to 2018 are generally available and can be carried forward 20 years for US federal tax purposes. Payoneer generated significant taxable income in 2022 such that much of these net operating loss carryforwards were
utilized in the 2022 tax year. It is possible that Payoneer will not generate taxable income in time t use the remaining net operating loss carryforwards, which will begin to expire in 2028 for federal income tax purposes.
Under legislative changes made in December 2017 (the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”, or “TCJA”), U.S. federal net operating losses incurred after 2017 may be carried forward indefinitely, but are generally limited to 80% of taxable income in the tax year in which such losses are utilized. For the 2022 tax year, the majority of the U.S. states in which the Company is subject to tax do not conform to the federal net operating loss rules, but rather provide for their own net operating loss calculations, limitations and carryforward and carryback periods. The Company calculates and tracks such net operating losses in accordance with each state’s loss carryforward regimes.
In addition, the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and certain tax credits may be subject to significant limitations under Section 382 and Section 383, respectively, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and similar provisions of state law. Under those sections of the Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income or tax may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5-percent shareholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. Payoneer has conducted an analysis and concluded that it is more likely than not that the Reorganization did not result in an “ownership change” for purposes of Section 382 and Section 383 of the Code.
In addition to the net operating loss changes, TCJA also amended Section 174 of the Code. Effective January 1, 2022, U.S. taxpayers are required to capitalize and amortize research and development expenses over five years for activities performed in the United States and 15 years for activities performed outside the United States. Although not addressed in the 2022 Omnibus Appropriations bill signed into law on December 29, 2022, Congress continues to consider legislation to repeal, replace, delay, or otherwise modify the provision in the current year or retroactively. The impacts of Section 174 as amended by TCJA have been included and reflected herein.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
The trading market for our common stock may be volatile, and the market price and trading volume of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.
The trading price of our common stock has been, and will likely continue to be volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations, and the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant variation to occur, in response to various factors, including:
● market conditions in the broader stock market in general, or in our industry in particular;
● actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial and operating results;
● accuracy of our earnings guidance or other forward-looking statements regarding our financial performance;
● introduction of new products and services by us or our competitors;
● issuance of new or changed securities analysts’ reports or recommendations;
● sales of large blocks of our stock;
● additions or departures of key personnel;
● regulatory developments;
● litigation and governmental investigations; and
● geopolitical and other economic and political conditions or events (such as the war in Ukraine).
These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock, or your ability to resell your shares at or above the purchase price. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a
stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management from our business.
The scope and contents of reports published by analysts, including any projections in those reports that differ from our actual results, could adversely affect the price and trading of our common stock.
The trading market for our securities depends in part on the research and reports that analysts publish about our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our common stock would likely decline. If few analysts cover us, demand for our common stock could decrease and our common stock price and trading volume may decline. Similar results may occur if one or more of these analysts stop covering us in the future or fail to publish reports on us regularly. In addition, securities research analysts may establish and publish their own periodic projections for us. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our share price may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of these securities research analysts.
If a substantial number of shares become available for sale and are sold in a short period of time, the market price of our common stock could decline.
If our existing stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could decrease significantly. The perception in the public market that our existing stockholders might sell shares of common stock could also depress our market price. A decline in the price of shares of our common stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities.
Anti-takeover provisions in our certificate of incorporation and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control, limit the price investors may be willing to pay in the future for our common stock and could entrench management.
Provisions within our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (our “certificate of incorporation”) and amended and restated bylaws (or “bylaws”) may delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that a stockholder may consider favorable by permitting our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock, requiring advance notice for stockholder proposals and nominations and placing limitations on convening stockholder meetings. These provisions may also discourage acquisition proposals or delay or prevent a change in control, which could harm our stock price. See “Description of Capital Stock.”
Additionally, our certificate of incorporation contains provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions include the ability of our Board of Directors to (i) prevent the transfer of capital stock, or the exercise of rights with respect to our capital stock, if the effect of such transfer or exercise of rights would result in a stockholder holding more than 9.9% of the total issued and outstanding shares of our capital stock on a fully diluted basis, and (ii) designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred shares, which may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities. These defenses could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of the combined company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and cause us to take corporate actions other than those you desire.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder limitation matters, subject to limited exceptions, which could discourage stockholder lawsuits or limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in any judicial forum that they find favorable for disputes against our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (A) the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of ours to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws (as either may be amended or restated) or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the law of the State of Delaware, and (B) the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action
arising under the federal securities laws. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws.
This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in the certificate of incorporation and bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2. Properties.
Our principal executive office is located in New York City. In addition to our New York office, we also have offices in the greater metropolitan areas of Tel Aviv, Munich, Dublin, London, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hong Kong as well as 14 offices in 11 other countries. We lease or pay membership fees for each of our office spaces. We believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet our immediate needs.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time we are a party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business. We are not presently party to any legal proceedings that may have significant effects on our financial position or profitability.
For information on risks related to litigation, see Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies, to our audited financial statements as of December 31, 2022. See also “Risk Factors - General Risks Related to Payoneer - From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.”

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
Our common stock and warrants trade on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbols “PAYO” and “PAYOW,” respectively.
Holders
As of February 21, 2023, there were 257 holders of record of our common stock, 1 holder of record of our private warrants, and 1 holder of record of our public warrants. Such numbers do not include beneficial owners holding our securities through nominee names.
Dividend Policy
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future will depend on our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition. The payment of any cash dividends will be within the discretion of the Board at such time.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
See Part III, Item 12 of this Form 10-K and Note 18, Stock-Based Compensation of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information required.
Stock Price Performance
The graph above compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 600 Information Technology Index and the Nasdaq Composite Index. The graph also includes the S&P 500 Information Technology Index which we used in last year’s Annual Report. In this Annual Report we replaced such index with the S&P 600 Information Technology Index, which includes companies that more closely resemble the Company. The graph assumes
an initial investment of $100 in our common stock at the market close on June 28, 2021, which was our initial trading day. Data for the above indices assume reinvestment of dividends. Total return equals stock price appreciation plus reinvestment of dividends.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Offerings
Not applicable.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Not applicable.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6. Reserved.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Throughout this section, unless otherwise noted, “we”, “us”, “our”, “Payoneer”, and the “Company” refer to Payoneer Inc. for the period prior to the Closing Date (as defined below) and to Payoneer Global Inc. for the period thereafter.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with other sections of this Annual Report, including “Item 1. Business,” and the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included elsewhere in this Report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis, including information with respect to our future performance, liquidity and capital resources, and general and administrative functions, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the sections titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” for a discussion of forward-looking statements and important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.
Overview
As the world’s go-to partner for digital commerce, Payoneer democratizes access to financial services and drives growth for millions of businesses of all sizes around the world. With a single connection to Payoneer’s global payment and commerce-enabling platform, our customers can transact globally as easily as they do locally, empowering participation in the digital economy and driving growth for enterprises, marketplaces and SMBs worldwide.
Payoneer was founded in 2005 with the idea that technology and the internet were transforming commerce and making it possible for anyone, anywhere to build and grow a digital business. From the beginning, we recognized the importance of offering services to both sides of two-sided commerce networks: small businesses who would need help navigating the increasingly complex digital economy, and marketplaces who would need help supporting their increasingly distributed seller-base. Over the past 18 years, we have built a one-of-a-kind platform designed to serve the needs of digital businesses globally.
At the foundation of the Payoneer platform is a robust secured, regulated global payment infrastructure that simplifies the process for any business to pay and get paid globally as easily as it does locally. On top of this foundation, we continue to develop a comprehensive suite of products and services, providing sophisticated tools to help our customers grow.
Owing to the strength of our payment infrastructure and the breadth of our product offerings, Payoneer operates as both a provider of services to enterprises and marketplaces as well as a B2B payment provider, empowering all of our customers to transact internationally with ease. As a result, we have cultivated a meaningful brand in the global digital commerce ecosystem supporting millions of marketplaces, enterprises, and SMBs across more than 190 countries and territories and over 7,000 unique trade corridors.
We primarily generate revenues when Payoneer customers use the funds in their Payoneer account to make a payment, make a purchase or to withdraw the funds locally. Our revenue growth is based on (i) increasing the monetization rates of Payoneer services; and (ii) growing the volume of transactions processed through the Payoneer platform. Our efforts to increase the overall monetization rate of Payoneer services includes increasing our focus on acquiring customers in regions with higher rates of monetization, accelerating the growth of payment services with higher rates of monetization like B2B AP/AR, and also introducing new services for customers that generate improved monetization, like our Payoneer Commercial Mastercard. Volume is one of the primary drivers for our revenue growth. See “Key Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information.
Our customers have trusted the Payoneer platform to process $61.3 billion, $56.7 billion and $44.4 billion in volume during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Looking forward, we intend to continue to invest actively to grow our global platform, expand product development, extend our regulatory footprint, further automate our operations, increase new customer growth and make more acquisitions to accelerate our ability to deliver more value to customers around the world.
Reorganization
On June 25, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), we completed our previously announced reorganization (the “Reorganization”) with FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp. (“FTOC”). In connection with the closing of the Reorganization, Payoneer Global Inc. became a publicly traded company and Payoneer Inc., now a subsidiary of Payoneer Global Inc., continued its existing business operations.
The Reorganization was accounted for on a reverse recapitalization basis for which Payoneer Inc. has been determined to be the accounting acquirer (the “Reverse Recapitalization”). Since the Reorganization was accounted for as a Reverse Recapitalization, no goodwill or other intangible assets were recorded, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, FTOC was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Reverse Recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of Payoneer Global Inc. issuing stock for the net assets of FTOC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of FTOC were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Reverse Recapitalization will be those of Payoneer Inc. See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Key Development and Trends
Seasonality
We have experienced in the past, and expect to continue to experience, seasonal fluctuations in our revenues as a result of consumer spending patterns and high-travel seasons. Historically, our revenues have been strongest during the fourth quarter of every year, primarily as a result of higher eCommerce sales during the holiday season. Additionally, in a typical year, we see revenue fluctuations related to peak travel periods, specifically in the late second quarter into the third quarter of every year, within the northern hemisphere markets and the late fourth quarter into the first quarter of every year, within the southern hemisphere markets. Adverse events that occur during these months, such as COVID-19 which has had an impact to our results in 2020, 2021 and 2022, could have a disproportionate effect on our revenue results for the entire fiscal year.
Impact of the war in Ukraine
During 2022, a geopolitical and armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which developed into an ongoing war, resulted in economic sanctions on Russia, Belarus, and certain territories in Ukraine. Payoneer provides services to customers in Ukraine and in jurisdictions that are or may be impacted by these economic sanctions. We are continually acting to comply with imposed sanctions and are monitoring and assessing the impact the conflict may have on our results of operations. During 2022, we have ceased to provide services to customers in Russia and have been reducing our payment services to Belarus customers, while at the same time revenues in Ukraine have been better than our expectations. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, combined, accounted for slightly less than 10% of our revenue, of which Russia and Belarus, combined, accounted for less than 3% of our revenue. There was immaterial impact on revenue from Ukraine, Russia and Belarus during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Further escalation of the conflict may have a material effect on our results of operations.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted our teams, customers, and supply chains, and the world saw broader travel restrictions, global travel and tourism slowed, negatively impacting our travel customer base. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve cut interest rates to zero in mid-March 2020, negatively impacting our interest income revenues associated with underlying customer accounts. During 2022, global travel and tourism increased as many travel restrictions were lifted, positively impacting our travel customer base. Additionally, during 2022 the U.S. Federal Reserve raised the benchmark interest rate by 425 basis points to combat continuing rising inflation, which is widely expected to slow economic growth and consumption globally. Subsequently, the interest rate was increased by 25 basis points in February 2023. Higher interest rates positively impact our interest income revenues associated with underlying customer accounts while slowing growth and consumption may negatively impact the sales growth of our customers and that resulting volume we generate. There are many uncertainties regarding the current trajectory of travel growth, interest rates, economic growth and other macroeconomic factors.
The COVID-19 pandemic drove a shift in buying patterns from brick and mortar to e-commerce, leading to an acceleration of digital commerce that created tailwinds which further strengthened our role in the global economy. Shelter-in-place orders, social distancing measures and travel restrictions following the extraordinary spread of COVID-19 fundamentally shifted commerce and the way buyers and sellers transact, leading to accelerated digitalization and e-commerce trends. As economies have continued to reopen, coupled with recent inflation, supply chain disruptions and consumer purchasing behavior changes, e-commerce growth rates have been softening. These trends remain uncertain and may continue to impact our business.
We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the potential impact of COVID-19 on our business, consolidated results of operations and liquidity.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
Continued Growth of Digital Commerce. Growth of digital commerce has accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, shifting buying preferences to online from offline. As more economic activity moved to the digital world, we saw more businesses adapting and moving online, broadening the number of potential customers we can offer services. Since 2022, e-commerce growth rates have been softening due to economies’ continued reopening, rising inflation levels, supply chain disruptions and consumer purchasing behavior changes. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, total volume increased by 8%, 28% and 53% on a year-over-year basis, respectively.
Acquiring New Customers. Maintaining our growth requires new customers to continue adopting our platform and products. We will continue to invest in our go-to-market strategy as we further penetrate our addressable markets. Our financial performance will depend in large part on the overall global demand for our platform.
Continue to Grow Within Existing Customers. Our revenue grows as we meet more needs of our customers around the world. Our customers tend to utilize more of our services as their needs grow and as they understand the benefits Payoneer can provide to their business. Sustaining our growth will depend on our ability to continue meeting our customers’ needs and persuading them to use more of our platform.
Network-Effects Drive Low-Cost Customer Acquisition. We support a two-sided network, providing services to buyers and suppliers, marketplaces and marketplace sellers and connecting them all on a single platform. We leverage this unique position in the middle of two-sided networks to cost-effectively acquire customers, ranging from some of the most valuable companies in the world to small sole proprietors in emerging markets. These network effects have allowed us to increase our volume from new customers and to foster relationships with some of the largest marketplaces around the world. As our customers sell more goods and services online through digital channels, our volume increases - we grow our volume as our customers grow their volume. We continue to innovate, to connect digital businesses and deliver new products and services for our customers, such as Merchant Services, and offer our existing products to new customer groups, such as Working Capital, which we expect will increase the growth and lifetime value of our customer base.
As part of our network relationships, we enter from time to time into agreements with marketplaces around the world. Many of these agreements contain product offerings to be provided to Payoneer’s customers receiving payments from the marketplaces or service offering to the marketplace directly or a combination of both. Some agreements have exclusivity arrangements with defined term length. Some agreements have fee structures that are defined only partly through the contract’s term while the remaining fee structure is subject to market competitive rates and good faith negotiation with the marketplace. In addition, in a few instances, we compensate the marketplace with structured incentives to acquire additional customers. These incentive structures can apply throughout the contract term or only a portion of the term. Due to the variety of these arrangements, variability exists which can impact revenues, expenses, and earnings. In cases where the marketplaces pay us fees, we may recognize all or part of such incentives as a reduction of revenues.
Expand Our Partnership Network. We collaborate with many partners around the world, which enables us to integrate Payoneer services into software platforms, banks and other offerings actively used by small businesses. These integrated partnerships enable us to offer better service to our customers and to cost-effectively acquire new customers. These partnerships cover a broad range of third parties, including SaaS platforms, sourcing platforms, banks, tax providers and accounting software providers. Our ability to innovate and grow is dependent, in part, on our ability to maintain and grow our partnership base.
Investment in new services to drive growth
We will continue to make significant investments in both existing and new products and services, including B2B AP/AR, Working Capital and Merchant Services. By delivering more services to our customers, we can improve their ability to manage and grow their businesses. These investments in product development are necessary to achieve our long-term growth and profitability.
Acquisitions
In 2020, we acquired Optile GmbH (now, Payoneer Germany GmbH), or optile, a leading, next-generation payment orchestration technology platform, that empowers merchants to be in control of their online consumer payments and optimize for quality, cost and consumer choice, while unifying reconciliation and reporting. Optile’s technology enabled us to expand our product suite to improve the way merchants of all sizes manage their online payments from consumers. We believe there are additional opportunities to deliver value to more customers through targeted acquisitions.
Economic conditions and resulting business trends
Our results of operations are impacted by the relative strength of the overall global economy and its effect on business investment, unemployment, consumer spending behavior, and business and consumer demand. Our customers’ underlying business activities are also linked to the macroeconomic and geopolitical environment. For example, the war between Ukraine and Russia that developed during 2022 and the related economic sanctions imposed on Russia and certain territories in Ukraine, have and may continue to impact our services to customers in such countries. In addition, our banking partners ceased their operations in Russia, and subsequently we ceased to provide services to customers in Russia. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of this conflict, but the continuation or escalation of the conflict, along with any expansion to the surrounding areas, may have a significant effect on our results of operations.
Components of Results of Operations
The period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations have been prepared using the historical periods included in our consolidated financial statements. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document.
Revenue
The majority of our revenues are generated from transaction fees, which vary based on the type of service the customer utilizes. Transaction fee revenue principally consists of revenue generated when customers use their funds, either to withdraw their funds from our platform or to use the funds to make payments. Some services, such as virtual commercial cards, typically generate higher transaction fees from a dollar of volume than if that same dollar was withdrawn to a customer’s bank account.
To a lesser extent, we generate revenue through collection fees, which mainly refer to fees charged when payments are made into a customer’s account, and bank transfer fees, which are fees charged when one of Payoneer’s Enterprise customers uses Payoneer to send a payment directly into the bank account of a small business. We also generate revenues from interest earned on certain customer funds.
The majority of our revenue is recognized and collected upon the completion of the underlying transaction. In some cases, revenues are collected through intermediaries. For more information on our revenue recognition policies, see note 2q. of our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Transaction costs
Transaction costs mainly consist of fees paid to the banks, processors and networks that process payments to and from the Payoneer platform, costs to acquire currencies, card supply costs losses related to certain of our services, and expenses related to the outstanding balance associated with the Warehouse Facility (as described in greater detail under “- Liquidity”). These costs are net of any rebate programs with banks and processors, such as volume rebates. Transaction costs are primarily driven by volume and number of transactions and generally increase as volume and number of transactions increase.
We are exposed to potential transaction losses such as credit cards collections losses, Electronic Funds Transfer returns, card negative balances and chargebacks, and capital advance losses. These costs are included in transaction costs. We also record an allowance for estimated losses arising from doubtful capital advances.
Other operating expenses
Other operating expenses mainly include compensation for our employees and subcontractors who support customer service calls, customer approvals, banking infrastructure implementations, transaction monitoring and liquidity management as well as indirect costs incurred for fraud detection, compliance operations, regulatory services and maintenance costs related to our customer call center infrastructure.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related costs, professional services and consulting expenses, and non-capitalized costs associated with the development of new technologies. Such non-capitalized costs are charged to the statement of operations as incurred.
Sales and marketing expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist of costs for business development, customer success, product launch costs, marketing and advertising costs, retention costs and certain customer acquisition costs. This also includes employee compensation and related costs to support the sales and marketing process.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation, benefits and overhead expenses associated with corporate management. This also includes, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, internal and external accounting and legal and administrative resources, including audit and legal fees.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization consist primarily of amortization of intangible assets, internally developed software, and depreciation of our investments in property, equipment, and software. We depreciate and amortize our assets on a straight-line basis in accordance with our accounting policies. The useful lives are 3-5 years for computers, software and peripheral equipment, 6-16 years for furniture and office equipment, and the shorter of the asset useful life or remaining lease term for leasehold improvements. Capitalized development costs and current technology acquired as part of the optile acquisition are amortized over the period of estimated benefit, using the straight-line method and estimated useful lives of 3-6 years.
Financial income, net
Financial income, net includes gains (losses) from foreign exchange fluctuations. We conduct transactions worldwide and settle accounts with our financial intermediaries in various currencies. Interest income (expense) from cash and cash equivalents deposited in its accounts is also included under financial income, net, which vary based on cash and cash equivalents balances, and based on market rates. In addition, as a result of the Reorganization, we acquired warrants that are exercisable for shares of the Company’s common stock. These warrants are classified as a liability and remeasured at period end and the corresponding mark-to-market adjustment is included in Financial Income, net.
Income tax
We are in a taxable income position in the U.S. and in certain foreign jurisdictions, for which there are income taxes recorded. In addition, we record expenses associated with uncertain income tax positions.
Share in losses of associated company
Investment in entities where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee and investment in joint ventures, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. As of December 31, 2022, we had a joint venture with assets and operations located in China. Our share in the results of operations is included as share in losses of associated company on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years indicated, and the changes between periods.
Year ended December 31,
Increase (Decrease)
(in thousands)
Revenues
$
627,623
$
473,403
$
345,592
%
%
Transaction costs (1)
110,165
101,476
97,040
%
%
Other operating expenses (Exclusive of items shown separately below)
149,199
124,649
81,976
%
%
Research and development expenses
115,041
80,760
52,301
%
%
Sales and marketing expenses
164,564
114,331
76,846
%
%
General and administrative expenses
90,010
64,399
37,629
%
%
Depreciation and amortization
20,858
17,997
17,095
%
%
Total operating expenses
649,837
503,612
362,887
%
%
Operating loss
(22,214)
(30,209)
(17,295)
(26)
%
%
Financial income (expense):
Gain from change in fair value of Warrants
33,963
11,824
-
**
**
Other financial income (expense), net
(10,131)
(6,854)
2,012
%
**
Financial income, net
23,832
4,970
2,012
**
%
Income (loss) before taxes on income and share in losses of associated company
1,618
(25,239)
(15,283)
(106)
%
%
Taxes on income
13,586
8,711
8,320
%
%
Share in losses of associated company
(95)
%
(74)
%
Net loss
$
(11,970)
$
(33,987)
$
(23,746)
(65)
%
%
** Not meaningful
(1) In 2022 and 2021, interest expense and fees associated with related party transaction was $1,491 and $220, respectively.
Year ended December 31, 2022 Compared to the year ended December 31, 2021
Revenues
Revenues were $627.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $154.2 million, or 33%, compared to $473.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Volume grew by $4.6 billion, or 8% compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Revenues are driven in part by volume growth, and in addition, revenue growth outpaced volume growth in 2022 as a result of a greater mix of geographies, and products and services that have higher take rates (revenue as a percentage of volume), as well as increases in non-volume related service revenues and an increase in interest income due to the rise in interest rates and an increase in customer balances.
Transaction costs
Transaction costs were $110.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $8.7 million, or 9%, compared to $101.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was driven by a decrease in payment network incentives of $3.4 million earned by achieving certain volume-related milestones, offset by a decrease in Capital Advance related costs of $1.8 million, primarily driven by specific advances with higher collection risks recognized in 2021 that did not reoccur during the current period. Excluding these drivers, transaction costs increased by $7.1 million or 7%, in line with volume increases of 8% during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in prior year.
Other operating expenses
Other operating expenses were $149.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $24.6 million, or 20%, compared to $124.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was driven primarily by an increase of $18.5 million in employee compensation, benefits and other employee-related expenses partly as a result of an increase in headcount as well as an increase of $9.0 million in consultancy expenses and information technology expenses to support our growing volume and business
requirements. This was offset by a $2.3 million reserve recorded by the company during 2021 relating to one of the Company’s issuing banks, which entered into a liquidation process and a $1.1 million regulatory settlement reached in 2021.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses were $115.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $34.2 million, or 42%, compared to $80.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was driven primarily by an increase of $25.1 million in employee compensation, benefits and other employee-related expenses as a result of an increase in headcount in our research and development groups. In addition, we experienced an increase of $8.7 million in third-party contractor expenses, consultancy expenses and information technology expenses incurred by research and development to support our growing volume and business requirements.
Sales and marketing expenses
Sales and marketing expenses were $164.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $50.3 million, or 44%, compared to $114.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was driven mainly by an increase of $20.4 million in employee compensation, benefits and other employee-related expenses, partly as a result of an increase in headcount in our sales and marketing group. In addition, we experienced an increase of $16.6 million in marketing expenses to support our growing volume and business, an increase of $7.0 million in third party contractors, consultancy expenses and information technology expenses incurred by sales and marketing to support our growing volume and business requirements, and higher spending on marketing programs, and an increase of $3.7 million in third-party commissions which corresponds to our revenue growth.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses were $90.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $25.6 million, or 40%, compared to $64.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was driven mainly by an increase of $12.6 million in compensation, benefits and other employee-related expenses partly as a result of an increase in headcount among corporate management, an increase of $4.9 million in consultant expenses to support business requirements, an increase of $3.6 million related to several charitable donations or funds, an increase of $1.6 million in insurance expenses mainly as a result of incremental D&O insurance incurred as well as increase in several administrative services to support our business needs as a public company which were individually immaterial. This was offset by transaction costs of $5.1 million incurred in 2021 related to the Reorganization.
Depreciation and amortization expenses
Depreciation and amortization expenses were $20.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $2.9 million, or 16%, compared to $18.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was driven primarily by an increase in amortization of internal use software costs as well as an increase in depreciation of property, equipment and software.
Financial income, net
Financial income, net was $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $18.9 million, or 380%, compared to $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily driven by a change in fair value of warrants of $22.1 million, an increase of $5.1 million in interest income on corporate cash balances, partially offset by revaluation of foreign currency balances and bank fees.
Income tax
Income tax expense was $13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $4.9 million, or 56%, compared to an expense of $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by the result of income taxes associated with our foreign subsidiaries as well as U.S. federal income tax expense.
Net loss
For a discussion regarding our net loss position please refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below.
Year ended December 31, 2021 Compared to the year ended December 31, 2020
For a discussion of the 2021 Results of Operations, including a discussion of the financial results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, refer to Part I, Item 7 of our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 3, 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following discussion of our liquidity and capital resources is based on the financial information derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Liquidity
As a result of the Reorganization, we raised gross proceeds of $874.5 million including the contribution of $574.5 million of cash held in FTOC’s trust account from its initial public offering, which is net of redemptions of FTOC’s Common Stock held by FTOC’s public stockholders prior to the Reorganization, and $300.0 million of private investment in public equity (“PIPE”) at $10.00 per share of Payoneer Global Inc.’s Common Stock.
As of the end of 2020, we had a Loan and Security Agreement, whereby we could request advances under a revolving line of credit. On September 14, 2021, we paid off the term loan and terminated the Loan and Security Agreement.
On October 28, 2021, Payoneer Early Payments Inc. (“PEPI”), a wholly-owned second tier subsidiary of the Company and its subsidiary (the “Borrower”) entered into a multi-party Receivables Loan and Security Agreement (the “Warehouse Facility”) with, inter alia, affiliates of Viola Ventures for the purpose of external financing of capital advance activity. See Note 11 and Note 21 to our audited consolidated financial statement included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Warehouse Facility bears interest of the greater of 0.25% or LIBOR, plus 9% per annum and has a revolving maturity of 36 months from the commencement date with a payback period of an additional 6 months after the revolving maturity date. The initial borrowing commitment is $25 million subject to increases at our request and the lender’s discretion up to $100 million. Additional commitments will carry interest rates ranging from 7% to 7.75%. In addition, pursuant to the Warehouse Facility, PEPI entered into an amendment on June 8, 2022, whereby creating a condition that the total interest rate shall not exceed 10.5% per annum for all outstanding balances.
When the LIBOR rate has either permanently or indefinitely ceased to be provided by the ICE Benchmark Administration or is announced by the Financial Conduct Authority pursuant to public statement or publication of information to be no longer representative, an alternative Benchmark Replacement (as defined in the Warehouse Facility) will be selected.
The Warehouse Facility is secured by eligible capital advance receivables at an initial rate of 80% of the total value of the underlying capital advance receivable outstanding. We are subject to financial covenants including minimum tangible equity, solvency and unrestricted cash requirements that are assessed based on our consolidated financial statements.
As of December 31, 2022, we had $543.3 million of cash and cash equivalents.
In addition, on July 23, 2021, Payoneer Inc. completed a full redemption of the Series 1 Senior Preferred Stock for an aggregate redemption price of approximately $39.8 million.
We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operating activities will be sufficient to meet our operating working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months. Our future financing requirements will depend on many factors including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support development of our platform and the expansion of sales and marketing activities. We may enter into agreements with third parties with respect to investments in, or acquisitions of, businesses or technologies, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing.
Cash Flows
The following tables present a summary of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the following comparative periods.
Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
83,960
$
20,015
$
9,526
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
5,734
10,156
(66,854)
Net cash provided by financing activities
1,461,312
1,396,195
1,673,464
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(2,719)
(1,222)
Change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and customer funds
$
1,548,287
$
1,425,144
$
1,616,772
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities consists of net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in other assets and liabilities.
Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $12.0 million after considering non-cash charges primarily consisting of stock-based compensation of $52.1 million and $20.9 million in depreciation and amortization as well as other non-cash items offset by a $34.0 million gain from the change in fair value of Warrants.
Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $34.0 million after considering non-cash charges primarily consisting of $17.9 million in depreciation and amortization, $37.0 million in share-based compensation expenses as well as other non-cash items.
Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $23.7 million after considering non-cash charges primarily consisting of $17.1 million in depreciation and amortization, $11.1 million in share-based compensation expenses as well as other non-cash items.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $84.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $64.0 million, compared to cash provided by operating activities of $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Apart from the items highlighted above, this was driven primarily by an increase in trade payables of approximately $24.3 million and other payables of $16.6 as compared to changes of less than $1 million in the previous year. This was partially offset by fluctuations in various current asset and liability balances particularly within other assets and long-term liabilities due to the timing of payments as well as other immaterial uses of cash.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $20.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $10.5 million, compared to cash provided by operating activities of $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This was driven primarily by an increase in Capital Advances collections from our Working Capital offering of approximately $12.4 million on net basis during the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to a net outflow driven by extensions related to the program the year ended December 31, 2020. This was partially offset by fluctuations in current asset and liability balances particularly within accounts receivable and other payables and long-term liabilities due to the timing of payments as well as other immaterial uses of cash.
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $4.5 million, or 44%, compared to cash provided by investing activities $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This was predominantly driven by the higher outflows related to purchasing of property, plant and equipment of $10.5 million in the current period compared to $6.9 million in the previous period as well as internal use software of $18.3 million in the current period when compared to $14.0 million in the previous period. This change was partially offset by a net inflow of customer funds in transit of $33.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to a net inflow of customer funds in transit of $31.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $77.1 million, or 115%, compared to $66.9 million used for the year ended December 31, 2020. This was predominantly driven by the absence of $15.5 million used for the acquisition of optile, net of cash acquired, during the year ended December 31, 2020, as described within Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements, with no comparable activity during the year ended December 31, 2021. This change
was also increased by a net outflow of customer funds in transit of $37.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to a net inflow of customer funds in transit of $31.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.46 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $0.06 billion, or 5%, compared to $1.40 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021. This predominantly relates to a $1.4 billion increase associated with customer balances during the period ending December 31, 2022 as compared to a $1.1 billion increase associated with customer balances during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $0.3 billion, or 18%, compared to $1.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2020. This predominantly relates to a $1.1 billion increase associated with customer balances during the period ending December 31, 2021 as compared to a $1.7 billion increase associated with customer balances during the year ended December 31, 2020. This decrease was also attributable to the repayment of outstanding long-term debt of approximately $39.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. This overall decrease was offset by cash activity related to the closing of the Reverse Recapitalization transaction and corresponding PIPE financing, totaling approximately $388.8 million as described within Note 3 of the accompanying financials statements.
Lease Commitments
We have entered into various non-cancelable leases for certain offices and vehicles with contractual lease periods expiring between 2023 and 2025.
Payments due by period
Less than
More than
(in thousands)
Total
1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
5 years
Operating leases
$
15,217
$
8,295
$
6,922
$
-
$
-
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of the balance sheet dates of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by Regulation S-K, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Key Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Our management uses a variety of financial and operating metrics to evaluate our business, analyze our performance, and make strategic decisions. We believe these metrics and non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as management. However, these measures are not financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as substitutes for financial measures that have been calculated in accordance with GAAP. We primarily review the following key performance indicators and non-GAAP measures when assessing our performance:
Volume
Volume refers to the total dollar value of transactions successfully completed or enabled by our platform, not including orchestration transactions. For a customer that both receives and later sends payments, we count the volume only once, with certain limited exceptions where both received and sent payments are counted. Volume serves as a key metric for overall business activity, as growing volume is one of the primary drivers for our revenue growth.
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
Volume
$
61,282
$
56,686
$
44,419
Volume grew 8% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 driven by a combination of growth in digital commerce, recovery of our travel marketplaces from the COVID-19 pandemic, customer acquisition, including growth in B2B AP/AR, and new marketplace partnerships.
Volume grew 28% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 as we experienced continued growth in digital commerce, further accelerated and amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic which led to a significant boost in eCommerce/seller volume as a result of rapid shift in consumer buying behavior towards eCommerce. Nonetheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has also adversely affected the business of our travel marketplaces as the volume associated with the travel customer base was still below the pre-COVID pandemic levels in the majority of markets around the world in 2021. Volume grew 53% year over year in the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of continued growth in digital commerce, concurrently with the adverse effect on the business of our customers’ travel marketplaces.
Revenue
We generate revenues mainly from transaction fees, which vary based on the type of service the customer utilizes. Transaction fee revenue principally consists of fees for withdrawals and usage. In addition, the Company generates revenue from non-volume-based products and services which are based on a fixed fee. We believe that Revenue demonstrates our ability to monetize on volumes. Our revenues can be impacted by the following:
(i) Mix in customer size, products, and services;
(ii) Mix between domestic and cross-border transactions;
(iii) Geographic region or country in which a transaction occurs; and
(iv) Pricing and other market conditions, including interest rates.
Management closely monitors volume and revenue to ensure that we continue to grow funds and business activity that enters the platform, expanding overall scale and reach of business.
Adjusted EBITDA
In addition to our financial results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe Adjusted EBITDA, as a non-GAAP measure, is useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provides meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our business, results of operations or outlook. In particular, we believe that the use of Adjusted EBITDA is helpful to our investors as it is a metric used by management in assessing our operating performance. However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly-titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measure as a tool for comparison. A reconciliation is provided below for our non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measure and the reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
Adjusted EBITDA
Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Net loss
$
(11,970)
$
(33,987)
$
(23,746)
Depreciation and amortization
20,858
17,997
17,095
Taxes on income
13,586
8,711
8,320
Other financial income (expense), net
10,131
6,854
(2,012)
EBITDA
32,605
(425)
(343)
Stock based compensation expenses(1)
52,150
37,012
10,892
Reorganization related expenses(2)
-
5,087
-
Share in losses of associated company
Other non-recurring items(3)
-
-
(4,304)
M&A related expenses(4)
(2,323)
(1,721)
-
Gain from change in fair value of Warrants(5)
(33,963)
(11,824)
-
Adjusted EBITDA
48,471
28,166
6,388
(1) Represents non-cash charges associated with stock-based compensation expense, which has been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense in our business and an important part of our compensation strategy.
(2) Represents the non-recurring reorganizational costs that were not recorded as a reduction of additional paid in capital. The amounts relate to legal and professional services associated with the Reorganization.
(3) Consists primarily of a non-recurring allowance outside of normal course of business due to recovery of previously written off amount relating to one of our bank providers and non-recurring provision in connection with executive separation.
(4) Represents non-recurring fair value adjustment of a liability related to our 2020 acquisition of optile.
(5) Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as gain or loss on the statements of operations. The impact is removed from EBITDA as it represents market conditions that are not in control of the Company
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the report amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses as well as related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates and the assumptions used. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We believe that the accounting estimates discussed in this section are critical based on the subjectivity and judgement involved in the underlying assumptions, and the materiality to our consolidated financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described within Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
Allowance for Capital advance (CA) losses:
We have established an allowance for CA losses (ALCAL), which represents our estimate of current expected credit losses inherent in our portfolio. Since the adoption of ASC 326, Current Expected Credit Losses, as of January 1, 2022, we estimate ALCAL based on historical lifetime loss data as well as macroeconomic forecasts applied to the portfolio, which is segmented by programs. Loss rates are generated using historical loss data for each portfolio and are applied to segments of each portfolio. We then apply macroeconomic factors such as market unemployment rate, current and forecasted GDP, S&P yield and inflation rate, which are sourced externally, using a single scenario that we believe is most appropriate to the economic conditions applicable to a particular period. Expected credit loss, inclusive of historical loss data and macroeconomic factors, are applied to the principal amount of our CA receivables.
Determining appropriate current expected credit loss allowances for CA receivables is an inherently uncertain process and ultimate losses may vary from current estimates. We regularly update our allowance estimates as new facts become known, and events occur that may impact the settlement or recovery of losses. The allowances are maintained at a level we deem appropriate to
adequately provide for current expected credit losses at the balance sheet date after incorporating the impact of externally sourced macroeconomic forecasts.
Goodwill:
The valuation of assets acquired in a business combination require the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The acquisition method of accounting for business combinations requires us to estimate the fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in an acquired business to properly allocate purchase price consideration between assets that are depreciated or amortized and goodwill. Our estimates are based upon assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. These valuations require the use of management’s assumptions, which do not reflect unanticipated events and circumstances that may occur.
Goodwill is tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level in the third quarter, or sooner when circumstances indicate an impairment may exist. The impairment evaluation for goodwill utilizes a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. The qualitative factors may include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, operating environment, financial performance and other relevant events, which are inherently subject to estimation. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, then we are required to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test, which requires us to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using a discounted cash flow method. The discounted cash flow method, a form of the income approach, uses expected future operating results and a market participant discount rate. Estimation is inherent in calculating the discount rate to apply and involves the use of third-party specialists.
Revenue recognition:
Application of the accounting principles in U.S. GAAP related to the measurement and recognition of revenue requires us to make judgments and estimates. Complex arrangements with nonstandard terms and conditions may require significant contract interpretation to determine the appropriate accounting. Specifically, the determination of whether we are a principal to a transaction (gross revenue) or an agent (net revenue) can require considerable judgment. Further, we provide incentive payments to customers and merchants, which require judgment to determine whether the payments should be recorded as a reduction to gross revenue. Changes in judgments with respect to these assumptions and estimates could impact the amount of revenue recognized.
Income taxes:
Calculating our tax provision requires us to make estimates regarding the timing and amount of taxable and deductible items which will adjust pretax income earned in various tax jurisdictions. We are required to interpret complex tax legislation in the jurisdictions in which we operate, and although we believe that our estimates and judgments discussed herein are reasonable, actual results may be materially different than the estimated amounts.
The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets when the likelihood of the deferred tax assets not being realized exceeds the more likely than not criterion. Assessing the likelihood of realizing deferred tax assets involves significant judgement and assumption. Management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.
We follow the guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to estimate whether it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the tax position will be sustained upon tax examination, based solely on the technical merits of the tax position; otherwise, no benefit can be recognized. The tax benefits recognized are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Additionally, we accrue interest and related penalties, if applicable, on all tax exposures for which reserves have been established consistent with jurisdictional tax laws. Interest and penalties are classified as taxes on income in the consolidated financial statements.
In addition to aforementioned changes, the TCJA also included a mandatory one-time tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and as a result, all previously unremitted earnings for which no U.S. deferred tax liability had been accrued were subject to U.S. taxation. Notwithstanding the U.S. taxation of these amounts, we intend to continue to invest most or all of these earnings, as
well as our capital in these subsidiaries, indefinitely outside of the U.S. and do not expect to incur any significant, additional taxes related to such amounts.
Stock-based compensation:
We measure compensation expense for all equity awards made to our employees and non-employees using the grant date fair value method. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options with an exercise price is measured at fair value on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, RSU’s with market conditions and purchase rights issued under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) is measured at fair value on the date of grant using the Monte-Carlo option-pricing model. Both models involve certain estimates and subjective assumptions regarding our stock price volatility, the expected life of the award, the term selected for the risk-free rate, the expected dividend yield, as well as the probability of achieving the relevant market conditions.
Loss contingencies:
We are a party to certain legal and regulatory proceedings with respect to a variety of matters. We evaluate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome of all legal or regulatory proceedings to which we are a party and accrue a loss contingency when the loss is probable and reasonably estimable. These judgments are subjective based on the status of the legal or regulatory proceedings, the merits of its defenses and consultation with in-house and external legal counsel. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based only on the best information available at the time. As additional information becomes available, we reassess the potential liability related to pending claims, litigation, or other enforcements and may revise our estimates. Due to the inherent uncertainties of the legal and regulatory process in the multiple jurisdictions in which we operate, our judgments may differ materially from the actual outcomes. Legal costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position, result of operations or cash flows is disclosed in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks.
We have operations both within the United States and globally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including the effects of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is described below.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our cash and cash equivalents, as well as customer funds, as of December 31, 2022, were held primarily in cash deposits and money market funds. The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents, as well as customer funds, would not be significantly affected by either an increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term nature of a majority of these instruments. Additionally, we have the ability to hold these instruments until maturity, if necessary, to reduce our risk. As of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, a hypothetical 1% increase or decrease in interest rates could have a material effect on our financial results, based on the customer funds balance as of each year end.
Any future borrowings incurred under our Warehouse Facility would accrue interest at a floating rate based on a formula tied to certain market rates at the time of incurrence (as described above), not to exceed 10.5% per annum for all outstanding balances.
Foreign Currency Risk
Most of our revenue is earned and expenses are incurred in U.S. dollars, and therefore most of our revenue and expenses are not currently subject to significant foreign currency risk. Our foreign currency exposure includes currencies of the countries in which our operations are located as well as certain currencies in which the platform services ours customers and may be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Euro, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar, New Zealand
Dollar, Vietnamese Dong, Danish Krone, Chinese Yuan, New Israeli Shekel, Philippine Peso, Bangladeshi Taka, Indian Rupee, Pakistani Rupee and Hong Kong Dollar.
In addition, some of our services include the opportunity for Payoneer to generate revenues from optimizing foreign exchange as part of the payment delivery process. Our ability to generate such revenues is partially dependent on external factors such as market conditions as applicable regulations and our ability to negotiate with third party financial institutions. The impact of these efforts to optimize foreign exchange can be material to revenues and earnings.
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize gains and losses in our statement of operations. As of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in current exchange rates could have or could have had a material impact on our financial results.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(a) Documents filed as part of this report
(a)(1) Financial Statements
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Payoneer Global Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB name: Kesselman & Kesselman C.P.A.s and PCAOB ID 1309)
Consolidated balance sheets
Consolidated statements of comprehensive loss
Consolidated statements of changes in redeemable preferred stock, redeemable convertible preferred stock and shareholders’ equity (deficit)
Consolidated statements of cash flows
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedule
Financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are either not required or not applicable or the information is included in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits: The exhibits to this report are listed in the exhibit index below.
(3)(b) Description of Exhibits
Exhibit Index
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
2022 ANNUAL REPORT
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
2022 ANNUAL REPORT
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars:
Consolidated balance sheets
Consolidated statements of comprehensive loss
Consolidated statements of changes in redeemable preferred stock, redeemable convertible preferred stock and shareholders’ equity (deficit)
Consolidated statements of cash flows
Notes to consolidated financial statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Payoneer Global Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Payoneer Global Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, of changes in redeemable preferred stock, redeemable convertible preferred stock and shareholders’ equity (deficit) and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Changes in Accounting Principles
As discussed in Notes 2(g), 2(h) and 2(o) to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for its current expected credit losses on financial instruments in 2022 and the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2021.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Kesselman & Kesselman, Derech Menachem Begin 146, Tel-Aviv 6492103, Israel, P.O Box 7187 Tel-Aviv 6107120,
Telephone: +972 -3- 7954555, Fax:+972 -3- 7954556, www.pwc.com/il
Kesselman & Kesselman is a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, each member firm of which is a separate legal entity
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Allowance for Capital Advances receivables
As described in Notes 2(h) and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, as of December 31, 2022, the Company recorded Capital Advances receivables of $37.2 million, net of allowance of $5.3 million. The allowance for Capital Advances receivables is based on probability of default methodology that includes macroeconomic forecasts, which is segmented by programs. Management applies macroeconomic factors such as market unemployment rates, current and forecasted GDP, S&P yields and inflation rates, which are sourced externally to reflect the economic conditions.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the allowance for Capital Advances receivables is a critical audit matter are (i) the high degree of auditor subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence relating to the models used which apply macroeconomic forecasts to estimate expected credit losses; and (ii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the Company’s allowance estimation process, which included controls over certain models which apply macroeconomic forecasts to estimate expected credit losses. These procedures also included, among others, the involvement of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in testing management’s process for determining the allowance for Capital Advances receivables including evaluating the appropriateness of the methodology and models, testing the data used in the estimate and evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions. Evaluating the assumptions used in the models involved evaluating the reasonableness of management’s application of macroeconomic forecasts to estimate expected credit losses.
Uncertain Tax Positions
As described in Notes 2(z) and 19 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions of $17.3 million as of December 31, 2022. The estimate of the Company’s tax liabilities relating to uncertain tax positions requires management to assess uncertainties and to make judgments about the application of complex tax laws and regulations. The Company operates on a global basis and is subject to tax laws and regulations in the US as well as numerous foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s income tax filings are regularly under audit in multiple jurisdictions around the globe and income tax audits may require an extended period of time to reach resolution and may result in significant income tax adjustments when interpretation of tax laws is disputed.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to uncertain tax positions is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when determining the uncertain tax positions; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s timely identification and accurate measurement of the uncertain tax positions; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the audit evidence obtained.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the identification and recognition of the liability for uncertain tax positions, and controls addressing completeness of the uncertain tax positions, as well as controls over measurement of the amount recorded. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing the information used in the calculation of the liability for uncertain tax positions, related to filing positions and the related final tax returns; (ii) testing the calculation of the liability for uncertain tax positions by jurisdiction, including management’s assessment of the technical merits of tax positions and estimates of the amount of tax benefit expected to be sustained; (iii) testing the completeness of management’s assessment of both the identification of uncertain tax positions and possible outcomes of each uncertain tax position; and (iv) evaluating the status and results of income tax audits with the relevant tax authorities. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the completeness and measurement of the Company’s uncertain tax positions, including evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assessment of whether tax positions are more-likely-than-not of being sustained and the amount of potential benefit to be realized, and the application of relevant tax laws.
/s/ Kesselman & Kesselman
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
A member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited
Tel Aviv, Israel
February 28, 2023
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2005.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA
December 31,
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
543,299
$
465,926
Restricted cash
2,882
3,000
Customer funds
5,838,612
4,401,254
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $246 in 2022 and $119 in 2021)
12,878
13,844
Capital advance receivables (net of allowance of $5,311 in 2022 and $2,426 in 2021)
37,155
53,675
Other current assets
36,278
25,024
Total current assets
6,471,104
4,962,723
Non-current assets:
Property, equipment and software, net
14,392
12,140
Goodwill
19,889
21,127
Intangible assets, net
45,444
37,529
Restricted cash
4,848
5,113
Deferred taxes
4,169
4,900
Investment in associated company
6,429
7,013
Severance pay fund
1,095
1,723
Operating lease right-of-use assets
15,260
12,943
Other assets
12,021
13,541
Total assets
$
6,594,651
$
5,078,752
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Current liabilities:
Trade payables
$
41,566
$
17,200
Outstanding operating balances
5,838,612
4,401,254
Other payables
97,334
79,374
Total current liabilities
5,977,512
4,497,828
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term debt from related party (refer to Notes 11 and 21 for further information)
16,138
13,665
Warrant liability
25,914
59,877
Other long-term liabilities
29,831
20,309
Total liabilities
6,049,395
4,591,679
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 380,000,000 shares authorized; no shares were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
-
-
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 3,800,000,000 and 3,800,000,000 shares authorized; 352,842,025 and 340,384,157 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
3,528
3,404
Additional paid-in capital
650,433
575,470
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(176)
2,253
Accumulated deficit
(108,529)
(94,054)
Total shareholders’ equity
545,256
487,073
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
6,594,651
$
5,078,752
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA
Year ended December 31
Revenues
$
627,623
$
473,403
$
345,592
Transaction costs (Exclusive of items shown separately below and inclusive of $1,491 and $220 interest expense and fees associated with related party transaction in 2022 and 2021 respectively, refer to Notes 11 and 21 for further information)
110,165
101,476
97,040
Other operating expenses (Exclusive of items shown separately below)
149,199
124,649
81,976
Research and development expenses
115,041
80,760
52,301
Sales and marketing expenses
164,564
114,331
76,846
General and administrative expenses
90,010
64,399
37,629
Depreciation and amortization
20,858
17,997
17,095
Total operating expenses
649,837
503,612
362,887
Operating loss
(22,214)
(30,209)
(17,295)
Financial income (expense):
Gain from change in fair value of Warrants
33,963
11,824
-
Other financial income (expense), net
(10,131)
(6,854)
2,012
Financial income, net
23,832
4,970
2,012
Income (loss) before taxes on income and share in losses of associated company
1,618
(25,239)
(15,283)
Taxes on income
13,586
8,711
8,320
Share in losses of associated company
Net loss
$
(11,970)
$
(33,987)
$
(23,746)
Per Share Data
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - Basic and Diluted loss per share
$
(0.03)
$
(0.33)
$
(0.80)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Basic and Diluted
348,044,831
202,881,911
47,007,695
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(2,429)
(1,921)
4,031
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(2,429)
(1,921)
4,031
Comprehensive loss
$
(14,399)
$
(35,908)
$
(19,715)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK, REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
STOCK AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA
Accumulated
Redeemable convertible
Redeemable
Additional
other
preferred stock
preferred stock
Common Stock
paid-in
comprehensive
Accumulated
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
capital
income (loss)
deficit
Total
Balance at January 1, 2020
209,529,798
$
154,800
-
$
-
37,569,542
$
$
30,439
$
$
(36,321)
$
(5,363)
Issuance of redeemable Preferred Stock and Warrants
-
-
3,500
$
10,735
-
-
21,911
-
-
21,911
Acquisition related issuance of Common Stock
-
-
-
-
5,278,856
15,490
-
-
15,543
Exercise of options and vested RSUs
-
-
-
-
5,759,778
-
-
Stock-based compensation
-
-
-
-
-
-
11,074
-
-
11,074
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,031
-
4,031
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(23,746)
(23,746)
Balance At December 31, 2020
209,529,798
$
154,800
3,500
$
10,735
48,608,176
$
$
79,706
$
4,174
$
(60,067)
$
24,299
Balance at January 1, 2021
209,529,798
$
154,800
3,500
$
10,735
48,608,176
$
$
79,706
$
4,174
$
(60,067)
$
24,299
Reverse Recapitalization transaction
(209,529,798)
(154,800)
-
-
249,792,546
2,498
189,056
-
-
191,554
PIPE financing
-
-
-
-
30,000,000
279,885
-
-
280,185
Redemption of Redeemable Preferred Stock
-
-
(3,500)
(10,735)
-
-
(29,069)
-
-
(29,069)
Exercise of options and vested RSUs
-
-
-
-
11,704,229
18,883
-
-
19,000
Stock-based compensation
-
-
-
-
-
-
37,012
-
-
37,012
Deferred consideration related to acquisition of Optile
-
-
-
-
279,206
(3)
-
-
-
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1,921)
-
(1,921)
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(33,987)
(33,987)
Balance at December 31, 2021
-
$
-
-
$
-
340,384,157
$
3,404
$
575,470
$
2,253
$
(94,054)
$
487,073
Balance at January 1, 2022
-
$
-
-
$
-
340,384,157
$
3,404
$
575,470
$
2,253
$
(94,054)
$
487,073
Adoption of ASC 326
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(2,505)
(2,505)
Exercise of options and vested RSUs
-
-
-
-
11,478,291
17,392
-
-
17,506
Stock-based compensation expenses
-
-
-
-
-
-
53,741
-
-
53,741
ESPP shares issued
-
-
-
-
979,577
3,830
-
-
3,840
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
-
-
-
-
-
-
(2,429)
-
(2,429)
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(11,970)
(11,970)
Balance at December 31, 2022
-
$
-
-
$
-
352,842,025
$
3,528
$
650,433
$
(176)
$
(108,529)
$
545,256
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
Year ended December 31
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss
$
(11,970)
$
(33,987)
$
(23,746)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
20,858
17,997
17,095
Deferred taxes
(1,216)
(721)
Stock-based compensation expenses
52,149
37,012
11,074
Share in losses of associated company
Gain from change in fair value of Warrants
(33,963)
(11,824)
-
Transaction costs allocated to Warrants
-
5,087
-
Foreign currency re-measurement (gain) loss
2,752
1,103
(576)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of business combinations:
Other current assets
(11,421)
(14,694)
3,627
Trade payables
24,284
2,865
Deferred revenue
(432)
Accounts receivable, net
3,933
(3,869)
Capital advance extended to customers
(223,819)
(330,510)
(266,149)
Capital advance collected from customers
237,834
342,930
259,790
Other payables
16,608
15,416
Other long-term liabilities
(3,480)
(4,775)
(2,572)
Operating lease right-of-use assets
10,686
9,525
-
Other assets
1,521
(1,331)
(3,268)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
83,960
$
20,015
$
9,526
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of property, equipment and software
(10,504)
(6,891)
(4,992)
Capitalization of internal use software
(18,329)
(14,008)
(9,045)
Severance pay fund (contributions) distributions, net
(99)
Customer funds in transit, net
33,939
31,154
(37,713)
Acquisition of Optile, net of cash acquired
-
-
(15,482)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
$
5,734
$
10,156
$
(66,854)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with stock based compensation plan
21,346
19,000
Outstanding operating balances, net
1,437,358
1,054,530
1,659,944
Borrowings under related party facility (Refer to Notes 11 and 21 for further information)
29,363
17,431
-
Repayments under related party facility (Refer to Notes 11 and 21 for further information)
(26,755)
(3,766)
-
Borrowings under loan and security agreement
-
-
104,552
Repayments under loan and security agreement
-
(40,025)
(124,527)
Issuance of redeemable preferred stock and warrants, net
-
-
32,646
Redemption of redeemable preferred stock
-
(39,803)
-
Proceeds from Reverse Recapitalization, net
-
108,643
-
Proceeds from PIPE financing, net
-
280,185
-
Net cash provided by financing activities
$
1,461,312
$
1,396,195
$
1,673,464
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
$
(2,719)
$
(1,222)
$
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and customer funds
1,548,287
1,425,144
1,616,772
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and customer funds at beginning of year
4,838,433
3,413,289
1,796,517
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and customer funds at end of year
$
6,386,720
$
4,838,433
$
3,413,289
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds
$
9,425
$
3,689
$
5,713
Cash interest paid
$
1,466
$
1,919
$
1,887
Supplemental information of investing and financing activities not involving cash flows:
Property, equipment, and software acquired but not paid
$
$
$
Internal use software capitalized but not paid
$
4,392
$
1,560
$
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
$
13,003
$
3,188
$
-
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into Common Stock
$
-
$
154,800
$
-
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
The below table reconciles cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and customer funds as reported in the consolidated balance sheets to the total of the same amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows:
As of December 31,
Cash and cash equivalents
$
543,299
$
465,926
$
102,988
Current restricted cash
2,882
3,000
26,394
Non-current restricted cash
4,848
5,113
5,199
Customer funds(1)
5,835,691
4,364,394
3,278,708
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and customer funds shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows
$
6,386,720
$
4,838,433
$
3,413,289
(1)Excludes $2,921 and $36,860 and $68,014 of customer funds in transit as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Supplemental schedule about Reverse Recapitalization during the year ended December 31, 2021
Cash held by FTOC and cash related to FTOC trust, net of redemptions
$
574,961
Less cash consideration paid to Legacy Payoneer Shareholders
398,201
Less cash paid associated with transaction costs allocated to Reverse Recapitalization
68,117
Reverse Recapitalization financing
108,643
Cash related to PIPE
300,000
Less cash paid associated with transaction costs allocated to PIPE
19,815
PIPE financing
280,185
Net contributions from Reverse Recapitalization and PIPE financing
$
388,828
Supplemental schedule about Optile acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2020
Net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition was as follows:
Working capital deficit, net (excluding cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $196)
$
(29)
Property, plant and equipment
Goodwill
20,449
Identifiable intangible assets
17,805
Non-cash consideration
(22,905)
Total cash paid, net of cash acquired
$
15,482
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 1 - GENERAL OVERVIEW
Unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company”, “Payoneer”, “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms refer to Payoneer Inc. for the period prior to the Closing Date (as defined below) and to Payoneer Global Inc., for the period thereafter.
Payoneer, incorporated in Delaware, empowers global commerce by connecting businesses, professionals, countries and currencies with its innovative cross-border payments platform. Payoneer enables businesses and professionals around the globe to reach new audiences while reducing the complexity involved in enabling overseas and cross-border trade, by facilitating seamless, cross-border payments. Payoneer offers its customers the flexibility to pay and get paid globally as easily as they do locally. The Company offers a suite of services that includes cross-border payments, physical and virtual Mastercard cards, working capital, risk management and other services. The fully-hosted service includes various payment options with minimal integration required, full back-office functions and customer support offered.
The Company supports customers that come from more than 190 countries and territories and operates in a rapidly evolving regulatory environment. Government regulations impact key aspects of the Company’s business in markets in which the Company operates.
Payoneer is registered as a Money Service Business with the U.S. Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) and licensed as a Money Transmitter under the laws of all U.S. states where such license is necessary, as well as in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. During 2015, the Company, through Payoneer Hong Kong Limited, was granted a Money Service Operator License in Hong Kong which enables the Company to offer payment services from Hong Kong. During 2016, the Company, through Payoneer Japan Limited, was registered as a Funds Transfer Service Provider in Japan. During 2018, the Company, through Payoneer Australia PTY Limited, was registered as a Financial Services Licensee in Australia. During 2019, the Company, through Payoneer Europe Limited, was granted authorization to operate as an Electronic Money Institution from the Central Bank of Ireland and was then authorized, pursuant to EU passporting rules, to provide payment services under its license in all countries in the European Economic Area. Payoneer Europe Limited also holds a license with Mastercard to issue cards and as of December 31, 2020, was the issuer of the majority of cards issued to Payoneer customers. In January 2021, Payoneer entered into an agreement with an existing card issuing partner in the United States that enables Payoneer to provide its customers with access to commercial Mastercard cards issued through the card issuing partner to make online purchases of commercial goods and services. This commercial card provides advantages such as higher acceptance rates.
On June 25, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Payoneer Inc. (“Legacy Payoneer”) and FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corporation (“FTOC”), consummated the previously announced business combination pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Reorganization Agreement”), dated February 3, 2021 (as amended), through a merger of subsidiaries under a newly formed holding company (the “Reverse Recapitalization”).
On the Closing Date, and in connection with the closing of the Reverse Recapitalization, the new combined company changed its name to Payoneer Global Inc. (the “Company”). Legacy Payoneer was deemed the accounting acquirer in the Reverse Recapitalization based on an analysis of the criteria outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations. This determination was primarily based on Legacy Payoneer's stockholders prior to the Reverse Recapitalization having a majority of the voting interests in the combined company, Legacy Payoneer's operations comprising the ongoing operations of the combined company, Legacy Payoneer's board of directors comprising a majority of the board of directors of the combined company, Legacy Payoneer's senior management comprising the senior management of the combined company and the assets and revenue of Legacy Payoneer were greater than those of FTOC. As FTOC did not meet the definition of a “business” for accounting purposes, the Reverse Recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Payoneer issuing stock for the net assets of FTOC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of FTOC are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 1 - GENERAL OVERVIEW (continued):
While FTOC was the legal acquirer in the Reverse Recapitalization, because Legacy Payoneer was deemed the accounting acquirer, the historical financial statements of Legacy Payoneer became the historical financial statements of the combined company upon the consummation of the Reverse Recapitalization. As a result, the financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy Payoneer prior to the Reverse Recapitalization; (ii) the combined results of the Company and Legacy Payoneer following the closing of the Reverse Recapitalization; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy Payoneer at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented.
In accordance with guidance applicable to these circumstances, the equity structure has been retroactively adjusted in all comparative periods up to the Closing Date to reflect the number of shares of the Company's common stock, $0.01 par value per share, issued to Legacy Payoneer's stockholders in connection with the Reverse Recapitalization transaction. As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to Legacy Payoneer redeemable convertible preferred stock and common stock prior to the Reverse Recapitalization have been retroactively adjusted as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement. In conjunction with the Reverse Recapitalization, the Company’s Common Stock underwent a 1-for-1.88 conversion. Note that the consolidated financial statements give retroactive effect as though the conversion of the Company’s Common Stock occurred for all periods presented, without any change in the par value per share.
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a. Principles of consolidation, basis of presentation, and accounting principles:
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America (hereafter - U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of Payoneer Global Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in an entity where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. For such investments, our share of the investee’s results of operations is shown within Share in losses of associated company on our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and our investment balance as an investment in associated company on our consolidated balance sheets.
b.
Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, allowance for capital advance receivables, income taxes, goodwill, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, and loss contingencies.
c.
Functional currency and translation:
The functional currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar (“dollar” or “$”). Where the Company’s foreign subsidiaries derive their revenue primarily from services provided to the parent company as well as obtains its financing from the parent company in dollars, the Company has determined the functional currencies to be the dollar as well.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
Accordingly, monetary accounts maintained in currencies other than the dollar are re-measured into dollars in accordance with the principles set forth in ASC 830, Foreign Currency Translation, in the following manner:
Balances in non-dollar currencies are translated into dollars using historical and current exchange rates for non-monetary and monetary balances, respectively. For non-dollar transactions reflected in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, the transaction date exchange rates are used. The resulting transaction gains or losses are recorded as other financial income or expense. The Company recognized $14,843 of such transaction losses during the year ended December 31, 2022. Depreciation, amortization and other changes deriving from non-monetary items are based on historical exchange rates.
The Company is also affected by fluctuations in exchange rates on its investment in an associated company. The assets and liabilities of the associated company whose functional currency is a foreign currency are translated at the period-end rate of exchange. The resulting translation adjustment is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) and is included in shareholders' equity.
The Company also has a foreign subsidiary that uses the local currency of the respective country as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities of the non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars at the period-end rate of exchange. Revenues, costs, and expenses of the non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars using transaction date exchange rates. Gains and losses resulting from these translations are recorded as a component of OCI. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of foreign currency transactions into the functional currency are recognized as other financial income or expense in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
d.
Fair value measurement:
The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), regarding fair value measurements for assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions apply whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements.
Fair value measurements used in the consolidated financial statements are based upon the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level 1- Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the fair values of the Company's cash, cash equivalents, customer funds, restricted cash, accounts receivable, capital advance receivables, accounts payable, outstanding operating balances, and long-term debt approximated the carrying values of these instruments presented in the Company's consolidated balance sheets because of their nature. The fair value of the warrants described within Note 14 is determined by utilizing the publicly available price of the Company’s stock (Level 1). The fair value of long-term debt, when carrying value does not approximate fair value, and the Company’s common stock and contingent consideration related to the acquisition (as described within note 3) are determined using Level 3 unobservable inputs and assumptions by the Company.
e.
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
The Company considers cash invested in short-term bank deposits (up to three months from date of deposit) that are not restricted to withdrawal or use and money market instruments, to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances with various financial institutions. The Company regularly reviews investment concentrations of these institutions and has relationships with a globally diversified group of banks and financial institutions.
The Company defines restricted cash as cash held as collateral for the purpose of maintaining compliance with certain agreements, deposits held with payment processors and issuing banks that assist the Company in executing payment transactions, deposits in connection with regulatory requirements and deposits for property rental in different locations around the globe. The classification of restricted cash between current and non-current assets depends on the expected duration of the underlying activity.
f.
Customer funds:
The Company holds customer funds as the Company’s liability. These funds consist of cash and are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as an outstanding operating balances liability. To meet regulatory requirements in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, the Company is obligated to hold the underlying funds and separately classify the assets as customer funds in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company classifies the assets underlying the customer funds as current based on their purpose and availability to fulfill the direct obligation of the Company under amounts due to customers. The Company does not commingle these customer funds within its corporate funds. Customer funds are maintained within both interest and non-interest bearing bank accounts. The Company has restricted access to some bank accounts depending on the license and regulatory body governing the services and nature of the services underlying each obligation.
Customer funds include funds in transit that have not yet settled with the designated payee bank account or have yet to be loaded to a customer card or account. These funds are classified on the consolidated statements of cash flows as investing activities.
g.
Accounts receivable, net:
The Company records receivables when services are transferred to customers in exchange for a right to receive consideration, conditional only upon the passage of time. The Company periodically assesses and evaluates the collectability of outstanding receivables and maintains an allowance for expected credit losses related to accounts receivable.
h.
Capital advance (“CA”) receivables, net:
The Company enters into transactions with pre-qualified sellers in which the Company purchases a designated amount of future receivables for an upfront cash purchase price. The delivery of the future receivables purchased in exchange for the advance cash purchase price is facilitated through the seller’s payment processing activities with the Company. There is no economic recourse to the seller in the event that the future receivables are not generated. There is also no fixed period of time in which the seller must deliver the purchased future receivables to the Company, as delivery of the purchased future receivables is contingent on the sellers’ generation of such receivables.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
Although there is no economic recourse to the seller in the event that the future receivables are not generated, the degree of uncertainty related to this economic benefit is mitigated by the due diligence performed by the Company prior to purchasing the seller’s future receivables and is further mitigated by limited contractual remedies.
The Company’s due diligence includes, but is not limited to, detailed analyses of the seller’s historical processing volumes, transaction count, chargeback history, growth of the seller, and account longevity with the Company.
The Company recognizes revenues associated with these fees over the CA period, adjusting the amount to reflect an effective interest rate. The fees earned on these receivables are included in revenue on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and the total fees were not significant to the Company’s operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
CA receivable, net represents the aggregate amount of CA-related receivables as of the consolidated balance sheet date, net of an allowance for potential uncollectible amounts in the event of merchant fraud, diversion or default. For the purchased receivables, the Company is generally exposed to potential advance losses related to uncollectibility, and as such, the Company establishes an allowance for CA losses (“ALCAL”). Changes to the ALCAL are reflected as transaction costs on the statement of comprehensive loss, according to company’s charge-off methodology.
Beginning in 2022, following our modified retrospective adoption of ASC 326, the ALCAL is primarily based on expectations of credit losses based on historical lifetime loss data as well as macroeconomic forecasts applied to the portfolio, which is segmented by programs. Loss rates are generated using historical loss data for each portfolio and are applied to segments of each portfolio. We then apply macroeconomic factors such as market unemployment rate, current and forecasted GDP, S&P yield and inflation rate, which are sourced externally, using a single scenario that we believe is most appropriate to the economic conditions applicable to a particular period. Expected credit loss, inclusive of historical loss data and macroeconomic factors, are applied to the principal amount of our CA receivables.
Prior to 2022, the Company had implemented a risk-based methodology that was used to estimate future losses based on historical loss experience as well as qualitative judgment when historical loss data was not available. For product offerings with sufficient historical loss experience, the Company developed loss estimates based on receivable balance attributes such as account payment status, percentage of collections per day, and length of time from advance to collection. Based on these attributes, a historical loss rate was applied to calculate the allowance for CA losses. For product offerings that did not have significant historical loss data to develop a historical loss percentage, the Company estimated losses by evaluating portfolio factors such as average balance outstanding by customer as well as creating specific identification provisions for known collection risks.
i.Property, equipment and software, net:
Property, equipment, and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions, renewals, and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the useful life of the asset are expensed as incurred.
We compute depreciation and amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:
Years
Computers, software and peripheral equipment
3-5
Furniture and office equipment
6-16
Leasehold improvements
Shorter of economic life or lease term
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
j.
Internal use software:
The Company accounts for costs incurred to develop or obtain software and other applications for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. Software purchased for internal use is accounted for as the acquisition of an intangible asset and is capitalized at cost. Costs related to developing software for internal use are expensed or capitalized depending on the project stage in which the costs are incurred. The Company capitalizes costs incurred during the application development stage, which include costs to design the software, application configuration, interfaces, coding, installation, and testing. Costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as incurred.
Capitalized internal use software is presented within intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets. The assets are amortized over the period of estimated benefit of three years, using the straight-line method, and related amortization is presented under depreciation and amortization on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Costs incurred to maintain existing product offerings are expensed as incurred. The capitalization and ongoing assessment of recoverability of development cost requires considerable judgement by management.
k.
Business combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company. The consideration transferred in the acquisition is measured at fair value, as are the identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired. The fair value of the assets are considered significant estimates made by the Company. Any residual purchase price is allocated as goodwill. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the issue of debt or equity securities. Any contingent consideration connected to the business combination is measured at fair value at the date of acquisition and each reporting period thereafter. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination, with the corresponding offset recorded to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
l.
Deferred transaction costs
The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financing activities, including the Reverse Recapitalization and the PIPE offering described within Note 3, as deferred costs until such financings are consummated. Upon consummation of the equity financing activity, these fees are recorded in the stockholders’ equity (deficit) as a reduction of additional paid-in capital generated as a result of the activity.
m.
Goodwill and intangible assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination and is allocated to the reporting unit expected to benefit from the business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment, at a minimum, on an annual basis at the reporting unit level by first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the reporting unit does not pass the qualitative assessment, the reporting unit’s carrying value is compared to its fair value. Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value.
The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using a discounted cash flow method. The discounted cash flow method, a form of the income approach, uses expected future operating results and a market participant discount rate. Failure to achieve these expected results, changes in the discount rate or market pricing metrics, may cause a future impairment of goodwill at the reporting unit level. The Company conducted the annual impairment test of goodwill as of September 30, 2022. The Company elected to directly perform a quantitative analysis of fair value of the reporting unit compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. Based on the results of this analysis, the Company determined that the goodwill was not impaired.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
Intangible assets consist of acquired developed technology and internal use software (refer to note 2j). Intangible assets are amortized over the period of estimated useful life using the straight-line method and have estimated useful lives ranging from three to six years. No significant residual value is estimated for intangible assets.
The Company evaluates intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if its carrying value exceeds the future net cash flow the asset is expected to generate.
n.
Impairment of long-lived assets:
The Company reviews long-lived assets for their impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) from the use of the asset are less than the carrying value, a write-down would be recorded to reduce the related asset to its estimated fair value.
o.
Leases:
The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) effective January 1, 2021, using a modified retrospective basis and applied the optional practical expedients related to the transition, including those related to lease classification and hindsight.
The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease for accounting purposes at contract inception by determining whether an asset is explicitly or implicitly identified in the arrangement, and whether the Company obtains the right to control the use of that asset. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had entered into operating leases for office facilities and employee vehicles and did not have any finance leases.
Operating leases are recorded as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, which are presented as right-of-use assets, and lease liabilities, which are included in other payables and other long-term liabilities, on the consolidated balance sheets, depending on their classification as short or long-term, respectively.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Our leases do not provide an implicit rate; we use an incremental borrowing rate for specific terms on a collateralized basis based on the information available on either the ASC 842, leases, transition date or commencement date, as applicable, in determining the present value of lease payments.
The ROU asset calculation includes lease payments to be made and excludes lease incentives. The ROU asset and lease liability may include amounts attributed to options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In certain instances, the Company may have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. In these instances, the Company has elected to apply the practical expedient and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all leases. The Company applies a single portfolio approach within certain lease classes to account for the ROU assets and lease liabilities. The Company does not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities arising from short-term leases.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
p.
Warrant liability
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own shares of Common Stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require different settlement value of consideration in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a derivative liability at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as gain or loss on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. In accordance with ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments, offering costs attributable to the issuance of the derivative warrant liabilities are recognized in the statement of comprehensive loss as incurred.
q.
Revenue recognition:
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
The majority of the Company’s revenue is recognized and collected upon the completion of the underlying transaction.
Card and Customer Account revenue:
1) Transaction fee revenues - the Company’s transaction fee revenue principally consists of usage fees. Revenue may vary based on the size and volume of transactions, the funding methods used, the currencies to be ultimately disbursed and the countries to which the funds are transferred. Transaction fee revenues are recognized at a point in time which is the period when the underlying transactions occur, and at this time the amounts are known.
2) Collection and loading fees - fees are charged to customers upon withdrawal of funds into a customer’s bank account or utilization of funds loaded or allocated to cards. Fees are recognized at a point in time which is the period that the underlying withdrawal or load to a customer occurs.
3) Service and maintenance fees - maintenance and service fees are charged either monthly or annually to customers. Fees charged in advance to customers covering a single reporting period or multiple reporting periods are recognized when the fee is charged as there is no binding contract term and the fee does not represent a material right to the customer.
4) Cancellations and refunds of fees - the Company records revenue net of transaction cancellation and refunds of fees. Cancellations and refunds of fees are estimated at the time that the underlying transaction occurs and are provided for in advance of the cancellation or refund.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
Capital Advance fees:
The Company offers customers a cash advance in exchange for a fixed amount of their future receivables. Such customers use Payoneer’s payment services to receive payments from third party online marketplaces for goods and services sold on the marketplaces. For the cash advances in which the Company retains the right to future receivables, the fee is recognized over the advance period.
Global Bank Transfer Revenue:
Revenues generated from bank transfers are recorded at the time the related funds transfer is executed and delivered to the beneficiary. Revenue is deferred until it reaches the beneficiary even if it has been collected by the Company at any point during the bank transfer process. The timing of recognition is dependent on geographic region, and overall reliance on third party processors and financial institutions.
The Company uses third-party processors and financial institutions in executing foreign exchange transactions with third-parties. The Company acts as the principal in these transactions and recognizes revenue as it relates to these transactions on a gross basis as the Company controls the service to the end customer and directs third party processors and other financial institutions to perform the specified services on the Company’s behalf. To the extent revenues are recorded on a gross basis, any commissions or other payments to third-parties are recorded as transaction costs so that the net amount (gross revenue less transaction costs) is reflected in operating loss. The company charges both fixed and variable fees related to global bank transfers. Fixed fees are generally on a per transaction basis while variable are generally based on volume of a transaction where a transactions involve funds transferred to the Company in one currency and are transferred to a beneficiary in another currency.
Interest earned on customer funds balances
As discussed in Note 2f, the Company holds customer funds in both interest and non-interest bearing accounts. Interest earned on these balances is recognized as revenue.
Customer acquisition costs
The Company capitalizes certain consideration paid to customers, which include costs associated with customer acquisition rewards, and certain costs to obtain contracts, which include employee sales commissions that are incremental to the acquisition of customer contracts. These costs are recorded as other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines whether costs should be deferred based on the incremental nature of the underlying cost and if the cost would not have occurred absent the customer acquisition.
Customer acquisition rewards primarily refers to incentive payments made to existing customers, third parties and new customers when a new customer is referred and utilizes the Company’s services, subject to certain conditions. Certain capitalized sales commissions include payments made to employees that are directly related to new customers’ acquisitions or increased revenue or volume for existing customers.
Amortization of customer acquisition rewards and sales commissions are consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition of each performance obligation. Incentives earned by customers and third parties for referring new customers are paid in exchange of a distinct service and accounted for sales and marketing expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Any amounts paid in excess of the fair value of the referral service received are recorded as a reduction of revenue. Fair value of the service is established using amounts paid to vendors for similar services. The Company has applied the practical expedient in ASC 340-40 to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
The Company recognizes an asset for incremental costs to obtain a contract such as sales commissions and other customer incentives. The asset is amortized on a systematic basis over the expected customer relationship period, which is estimated as of December 31, 2022 to be 1.84 years. The amortization is recorded within sales and marketing expense on our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
The Company offers various programs to acquire customers. In certain customer acquisition arrangements with existing customers, the payments to the customer are recorded as a reduction of revenue.
The Company periodically reviews these deferred customer acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit. There were no impairment losses recorded during the periods presented.
r.
Segments:
The Company determines operating segments based on how our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) manages the business, makes operating decisions around the allocation of resources, and evaluates operating performance. Our CODM are our Co-Chief Executive Officers, who review our operating results on a consolidated basis. We operate in one segment and have one reportable segment.
s.
Transaction costs:
Transaction costs consist of fees paid to banks, processors and card networks, costs to acquire currencies, card supply costs and other fees related to the Company’s services. These costs are net of any rebate programs with banks, processors and networks, such as currency conversion assessment rebates and volume rebates. These costs are primarily driven by transaction size and volume.
The Company is exposed to potential transaction losses due to credit or debit card collections, Electronic Funds Transfer returns, card negative balances and related chargebacks, including charge-offs related to CA. These losses are included in transaction costs. The Company established an allowance for estimated losses arising from processing customer transactions, which represents an accumulation of the estimated amounts necessary to provide for transaction losses incurred as of the reporting date, including those for which the Company has not yet identified. The allowance is monitored quarterly and is updated based on actual claims data. The allowance is based on known facts and circumstances as well as internal factors. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the provision for transaction losses, including the allowance for CA totaled $6,617 and $4,072, respectively, and was included in other payables, with the exception of the allowance for CA which is within CA receivables, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Transaction costs also include expenses related to the outstanding balance associated with the Warehouse Facility and are considered to be related party balances as further described within Notes 11 and 21.
t.
Other operating expenses:
Other operating expenses include compensation for the Company’s employees who support customer service calls, card and account approval, banking infrastructure implementations, transactions monitoring and liquidity management as well as indirect costs incurred for fraud detection, compliance operations and maintenance costs related to the Company’s customer call center infrastructure.
u.
Sales and marketing expenses:
Sales and marketing include business development and product launch costs, marketing and advertising costs, retention costs and certain customer acquisition costs. This also includes employee compensation and related costs to support the sales and marketing process. Advertising and certain marketing costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $23,985, $9,330 and $7,740 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
v.
Research and development expenses:
Research and development expenses charged to the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as incurred and consist primarily of employee compensation and related costs, professional services and consulting expenses, and non-capitalized costs associated with the development of new technologies.
w.
General and administrative expenses:
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation, benefits and overhead expenses associated with corporate management. This also includes, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees, internal and external accounting and legal and administrative resources, including audit and legal fees.
x.
Stock-based compensation
1.
Equity awards granted to employees and non-employees are accounted for using the grant date fair value method. The grant date fair value is determined as follows: for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock options with an exercise price, using the Black Scholes pricing model, for stock options or RSUs with market conditions and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), using a Monte Carlo model, and for RSUs and stock options with no exercise price with service conditions, based on the grant date share price. The fair value of share-based payment transactions is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. Forfeitures are accounted as they occur.
2.
The Company measures the compensation cost related to the options, RSUs, and ESPP rights awarded on the grant date and recognizes the cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. Cost of awards with service conditions and market-based conditions for vesting are recognized using the graded vesting method. For awards with market conditions, compensation expense is not reversed if the market conditions are not satisfied.
3.
The Company measures the additional compensation cost of modified awards on the date of modification and recognizes the cost (1) on the modification date for past service periods and (2) on a straight-line method over the future related service period.
4.
Fair value of the equity instrument issued to a non-employee is measured as of the grant date. The fair value of the awards is recognized over the vesting period, which coincides with the period that the counter-party is providing services to the Company.
5.
The Company recognizes a tax benefit of stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss if the tax benefit is realized.
6.
The Company issues new shares for the ESPP and upon option exercise or RSU vesting.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
y.
Concentration of risk:
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, customer funds, restricted cash, CA and accounts receivable. The Company’s assets are placed with financial institutions throughout the world. The Company regularly reviews its funds concentrations and has relationships with a globally diversified group of banks and financial institutions. A significant portion of the Company’s funds are deposited at large depository institutions. The majority of those cash funds exceed FDIC coverage insurance limit of $250. Additionally, a portion of the Company’s cash is deposited in non - US accounts. Significant balances are held in ring-fenced accounts; however there are funds held with financial institutions that do not offer deposit insurance and bear specific country and regional risks. The Company is also exposed to transaction losses due to funds blocked with its Global Bank Transfers processors. See also Note 15.
68% and 58% of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and customer funds are concentrated with domestic financial institutions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Cash and cash equivalents and customer funds balances denominated in U.S. dollars represent 76% and 74% of the balance of the cash, cash equivalents and customer funds at December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The Company issues cards directly under its Mastercard license and utilizes a third-party issuing bank for its physical and virtual card management business. If the issuing bank ceases to transact with current cardholders, incurs a significant disruption that affects current cardholder transactions, or terminates as an issuing bank due to circumstances out of the Company’s control or if Mastercard revokes the Company’s license to issue cards, the result would have a significant negative impact on the Company.
Information security risks for financial and technology companies have significantly increased in recent years. There can be no assurance that the Company will not suffer related losses in the future.
In 2022, revenues associated with two individual marketplaces constituted 12% and 18% of total revenue. In 2021 and 2020, revenues associated with a single marketplace constituted 24% and 29%, respectively, of total annual revenue.
In 2022, 2021 and 2020, revenues generated from customers who reside in Greater China constituted 31%, 34% and 37%, respectively, of total revenues. This geographic concentration creates exposure to local economies and politics, and economic downturns in the markets they service. Any unforeseen events or changes in regulation or legal requirements in Greater China that restrict the services we can provide to customers who reside in Greater China could have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
During 2022, a geopolitical and armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which developed into an ongoing war, resulted in economic sanctions on Russia, Belarus, and certain territories in Ukraine. Payoneer provides services to customers in Ukraine and in jurisdictions that are or may be impacted by these economic sanctions. We are continually acting to comply with imposed sanctions, and are monitoring and assessing the impact the conflict may have on our results of operations. During 2022 we have ceased to provide services to customers in Russia and have been reducing our payment services to Belarus customers. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, combined, accounted for slightly less than 10% of our revenue for each such year, of which Russia and Belarus, combined, accounted for less than 3% of our revenue for each such period. There was an immaterial impact on revenue from Ukraine, Russia and Belarus during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Further escalation of the conflict may have a material effect on our results of operations.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
z.
Income taxes:
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach as required under U.S. GAAP. The asset and liability approach requires the recognition of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on provisions of the relevant tax law; the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. Deferred taxes have not been provided on the amount of unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries retained for reinvestment in the Company. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets when the likelihood of the deferred tax assets not being realized exceeds the more likely than not criterion. Deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, are classified as non-current assets or non-current liabilities on the balance sheets.
The Company follows the guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The guidance provides a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement and disclosure in financial statements of uncertain income tax positions that a company has taken or expects to take on a tax return. Under this guidance, a company can recognize the benefit of an income tax position only if it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the tax position will be sustained upon tax examination, based solely on the technical merits of the tax position; otherwise, no benefit can be recognized. The tax benefits recognized are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Additionally, the Company accrues interest and related penalties, if applicable, on all tax exposures for which reserves have been established consistent with jurisdictional tax laws. Interest and penalties are classified as taxes on income in the consolidated financial statements.
Income tax expense includes U.S. (federal and state) and foreign income taxes. Notwithstanding the U.S. taxation of Section 965 Transition Tax amounts in 2017 and ongoing anti-deferral taxation by the U.S. through provisions such as Subpart F income and Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”), the Company intends to continue to invest most or all of its earnings, as well as its capital, in its foreign subsidiaries indefinitely and does not expect to incur any significant, additional taxes related to such amounts.
aa.
Contingencies:
Loss contingencies are recognized in the consolidated financial statements when the loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Gain contingencies are recognized when realized.
bb.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements:
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) standards adopted during 2022
In 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. Credit losses on loans, trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities and other instruments will reflect the Company’s current estimate of the expected credit losses (“CECL”). CECL requires loss estimates for the remaining estimated life of the financial instrument using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Generally, CECL resulted in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses compared to the prior approach of estimating probable incurred losses. The Company is required to apply the provisions of this guidance as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. The Company early adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2022. For additional information, refer to Note 2h.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued):
In 2020, the FASB issued guidance simplifying the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. In addition to other changes, this standard amends ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” by removing the accounting models for instruments with beneficial conversion features and cash conversion features. The standard also amends ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share” addressing the impacts of these instruments. The guidance is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company early adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2022 and the impact of the adoption on the consolidated financial statements was immaterial.
FASB Standards issued, but not adopted as of December 31, 2022
In 2020, the FASB issued amended guidance that provides transition relief for the accounting impact of reference rate reform. For a limited duration, this guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to certain contract modifications, hedging relationships, and other transactions that will be impacted by a reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The amended guidance is effective through December 31, 2024. The Company does not expect reference rate reform to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
NOTE 3 - REVERSE RECAPITALIZATION AND BUSINESS COMBINATION
Reverse Recapitalization
On the Closing Date, Legacy Payoneer and FTOC consummated the Reverse Recapitalization in accordance with the Reorganization Agreement, with Legacy Payoneer and FTOC surviving the merger as wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company. Immediately prior to the closing of the Reverse Recapitalization, all shares of outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock of Legacy Payoneer were converted into 209,529,798 shares of Common Stock of Legacy Payoneer (note that the number of shares is after the 1:1.88 conversion, which took place after the Reverse Recapitalization transaction). Upon the consummation of the Reverse Recapitalization, among other things, holders of Common Stock of Legacy Payoneer generally received a mix of cash and Company stock as consideration for their Legacy Payoneer holdings. The total cash consideration paid to holders of Legacy Payoneer shares of Common Stock upon consummation of the Reverse Recapitalization was $398,201.
Upon the closing of the Reverse Recapitalization, the Company’s certificate of incorporation was amended and restated to, among other things, increase the total number of authorized shares of all classes of capital stock to 4,180,000,000 shares, of which 3,800,000,000 shares were designated Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, and of which 380,000,000 shares were designated preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share.
In connection with the execution of the Reorganization Agreement, the Company entered into separate subscription agreements (each, a “Subscription Agreement”) with a number of investors (each a “Subscriber”), pursuant to which the Subscribers agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell to the Subscribers, an aggregate of 30,000,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company (the “PIPE Shares”), for a purchase price of $10.00 per share and an aggregate purchase price of $300,000, in a private placement pursuant to the Subscription Agreements (the “PIPE”). The PIPE investment closed simultaneously with the consummation of the Reverse Recapitalization.
In addition, according to the Reorganization Agreement, the Company will issue to Legacy Payoneer stockholders up to an additional 30,000,000 shares of common stock (the “Earn-Out Shares”), (a) 50% of which will be issued if at any time during the first 30 months following the Closing Date, the closing trading price of the shares of the Company’s common stock will be greater than or equal to $15.00 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading days period and (b) the remaining 50% of which will be issued if at any time during the first 60 months following the Closing Date, the closing trading price of shares of the Company’s common stock will be greater than or equal to $17.00 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading days period. The Company accounts for the Earn-Out Shares as an equity instrument as it meets the definition of an equity instrument and as it considers a free-standing instrument that is indexed to the Company’s own equity in accordance with ASC 815.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 3 - REVERSE RECAPITALIZATION AND BUSINESS COMBINATION (continued):
Additionally, prior to the Reverse Recapitalization, the Company approved and adopted a management bonus plan (the “Transaction Bonus Pool”), to be effective as of and conditioned upon the occurrence of the Reverse Recapitalization which provided for a pool consisting of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, with such shares to be allocated by the Company to executives and management of the Company.
On the Closing Date, the existing warrant agreement governing the warrants that were exercisable for shares of FTOC’s Class A ordinary shares was amended to reflect that the warrants will be exercisable for shares of the Company’s Common Stock. As of the Closing Date, the total value of the liability associated with the warrants was $71,701 measured at fair value based on the quoted price and therefore is considered to be a Level 1 measurement. The Company evaluated that the warrants met the definition of a liability and have been classified as such on the balance sheet in accordance with the accounting policy described within Note 2p.
The Company incurred $64,271 in costs directly related to the Reverse Recapitalization and the PIPE offering such as third-party legal, accounting services and other professional services. Upon consummation of the Reverse Recapitalization, these costs, which had been capitalized on the Company’s balance sheet were recorded as a reduction to additional paid in capital, with the exception of $5,087, which were expensed as they represent the allocation of the transaction costs associated with the warrants. Transaction costs were allocated to the warrants based on the fair value of the warrants out of the total consideration. There were also deferred underwriting costs related to FTOC totaling $28,934 that were paid as part of the closing of the Reverse Recapitalization.
The number of shares of Common Stock issued immediately following the consummation of the Reverse Recapitalization were as follows:
Number of
shares
Common Stock outstanding at April 1, 2021
49,697,982
Common stock issued through options and warrants exercises between April 1, 2021 and June 25, 2021
8,854,131
Common Stock outstanding prior to the Reverse Recapitalization(1)
58,552,113
Conversion of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock(1)
209,529,798
Less: Legacy Payoneer Stock subject to cash out(2)
(36,818,547)
Common Stock attributable to FTOC conversion(3)
77,081,295
Shares attributable to Reverse Recapitalization
308,344,659
Common Stock attributable to PIPE
30,000,000
Total shares of Common Stock as of close of Reverse Recapitalization and PIPE transaction
338,344,659
(1) After the close of the transaction, but prior to December 31, 2021, the Company issued 2,850,098 shares through the exercise of options.
(2) Existing Payoneer Shareholders - represents the number of Company shares issued to Legacy Payoneer stockholders, based on (i) 111,452,020 preferred shares; (ii) 31,143,179 outstanding common shares as of the Closing Date; and (iii) 1,562 RSUs vested at the Closing Date, the sum of which is reduced by 19,584,328 shares that were subject to the cash consideration, and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio of 1.88.
(3) FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp: based on outstanding shares, as of the Closing Date, of 59,611,310 FTOC Class A ordinary shares (following the redemption of 18,033,066 shares); 5,823,328 FTOC Class B ordinary shares which are not subject to restrictions; and 11,646,656 FTOC Class B ordinary share (the "Founder Shares") which are subject to restriction per section 1.2 of the Sponsor Share Surrender and Share Restriction Agreement. According to such restriction, holders of Founder Shares shall not Transfer, or permit the Transfer of, (a) a number equal to 50% of the Founder Shares, until such time that the Company’s common stock closing trading price equals or is greater than $15.00 per share for any 20 trading days within any 30 trading days period; and (b) a number equal to 50% of the Founder Shares, until such time that the Company’s common stock closing trading price equals or is greater than $17.00 per share for any 20 trading days within any 30 trading days period, subject to certain exemptions.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 4 - CAPITAL ADVANCE (“CA”) RECEIVABLES
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has purchased and collected the following principal amounts associated with CA receivables:
December 31,
Beginning CA receivables, gross
$
56,101
$
67,682
CA extended to customers
237,825
334,775
Change in revenue receivables
(9)
CA collected from customers
(248,932)
(342,930)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries
(2,519)
(3,870)
Ending CA receivables, gross
$
42,466
$
56,101
Allowance for CA losses
(5,311)
(2,426)
CA receivables, net
$
37,155
$
53,675
The outstanding gross balance at December 31, 2022, consists of the following current and overdue amounts:
Total
Current
1-30 days overdue
30-60 overdue
60-90 overdue
Above 90 overdue
42,466
39,945
1,051
The outstanding gross balance at December 31, 2021, consists of the following current and overdue amounts:
Total
Current
1-30 days overdue
30-60 overdue
60-90 overdue
Above 90 overdue
56,101
53,150
1,120
The following are current and overdue balances from above that are segregated into the timing of expected collections at December 31, 2022:
Due in less than
Due in more than
Total
Overdue
30 days
Due in 30-60 days
Due in 60-90 days
90 days
42,466
2,521
7,354
12,553
14,427
5,611
The following are current and overdue balances from above that are segregated into the timing of expected collections at December 31, 2021:
Due in less than
Due in more than
Total
Overdue
30 days
Due in 30-60 days
Due in 60-90 days
90 days
56,101
2,951
9,511
12,457
23,008
8,174
As of December 31, 2022, the Company has applied a range of loss rates to the portfolio of 1.59% to 1.86% for the allowance for CA losses with the weighted average loss rate applied being 1.75%. The Company applied a range of loss rates to the portfolio of 3.13% to 3.35% for the allowance for CA losses with the weighted average loss rate applied being 3.22% as of December 31, 2021.
Below is a rollforward for the ALCAL for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
December 31,
Beginning balance
$
2,426
$
1,587
Adjustment for adoption of ASC 326
2,505
-
Provisions
4,357
11,934
Recoveries
(1,458)
(7,225)
Charge-offs
(2,519)
(3,870)
Ending balance
$
5,311
$
2,426
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 5 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Composition of other current assets, grouped by major classifications, is as follows:
December 31,
Income receivable
$
11,162
$
9,825
Prepaid expenses
12,155
9,598
Prepaid income taxes
7,671
2,789
Other
5,290
2,812
Total other current assets
$
36,278
$
25,024
NOTE 6 - PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE
Composition of property, equipment and software, grouped by major classifications, is as follows:
December 31,
Computers, software and peripheral equipment
$
34,328
$
32,379
Leasehold improvements
9,741
8,920
Furniture and office equipment
4,418
4,074
Property, equipment and software
48,487
45,373
Accumulated depreciation
(34,095)
(33,233)
Property, equipment and software, net
$
14,392
$
12,140
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $8,285, $7,057 and $6,847, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company disposed of certain long-lived assets which were fully depreciated and had a cost of $7,477, and certain assets with net book value of $43.
The following table presents the Company’s property, equipment and software, net of depreciation, by geographic region:
December 31,
Israel
$
10,518
$
7,798
United States
1,036
1,370
All other countries
2,838
2,972
$
14,392
$
12,140
NOTE 7 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The Company conducted its annual impairment assessment at the end of the third quarter of 2022 which has been described in Note 2m, and concluded that the goodwill was not impaired. The Company has not recognized an impairment charge in any of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, or 2020. No triggering events have occurred since the annual impairment assessment that would change the Company’s assessment.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 7 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (continued):
The following table presents goodwill balance and adjustments to those balances during the year ended December 31, 2022:
Foreign
Foreign
Currency
Currency
December 31,
Goodwill
Translation
December 31,
Goodwill
Translation
December 31,
Acquired
Adjustments
Acquired
Adjustments
Total goodwill
$
22,541
-
(1,414)
$
21,127
-
(1,238)
$
19,889
Intangible assets
Composition of intangible assets, grouped by major classifications, is as follows:
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2021
Gross Carrying Value
Accumulated Amortization
Net Carrying Value
Gross Carrying Value
Accumulated Amortization
Net Carrying Value
Internal use software
$
75,195
$
(38,607)
$
36,588
$
55,164
$
(28,872)
$
26,292
Developed technology
14,365
(5,509)
8,856
15,259
(4,022)
11,237
Total
$
89,560
$
(44,116)
$
45,444
$
70,423
$
(32,894)
$
37,529
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $11,959, $10,826 and $9,633, respectively. At December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company evaluated the internal use software for impairment. The test involved comparing the internal use software's carrying value to its future net undiscounted cash flows that the Company expected would be generated by the internal use software. The Company recognized an impairment of internal use software in the amount of $614, $114 and $615 in the years ended 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, related to the abandonment of specific projects. The impairment is presented under Depreciation and amortization expenses.
Expected future intangible asset amortization as of December 31, 2022, excluding capitalized internal use software of $16,624 not yet placed in service as of that date, was as follows:
Fiscal years
$
12,733
10,132
5,642
-
Thereafter
-
Total
$
28,820
NOTE 8 - INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATED COMPANY
In July 2019, the Company, through Payoneer Research and Development Ltd., entered into an agreement for the establishment of a joint venture company in the Peoples Republic of China (“PRC”). The objective of the joint venture is to apply for a local payment service provider license in accordance with PRC laws. The Company’s share in the Joint Venture is 46%, with the remaining ownership interest held by Sharon Information Technology Shanghai and Shenzhen BaoLiJie, Ltd. Initial funds in the amount of $6,501 were contributed. The investment in the joint venture is presented as investment in associated company in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as the Company does not have control over the joint venture.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 9 - LEASES
The Company’s lease expense was as follows:
December 31,
Short-term lease expense
$
1,430
-
Operating lease expense
11,224
10,420
9,331
Total lease expense
$
12,654
$
10,729
$
9,331
The operating cash flows associated with operating leases were $10,686 and $9,525 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additional balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
December 31,
Operating lease right-of-use asset
$
15,260
$
12,943
Operating lease liabilities within other payables
8,360
9,290
Operating lease liabilities within other long-term liabilities
6,514
4,061
Total operating lease liabilities
14,874
13,351
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases
1.99
years
1.62
years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases
2.67
%
1.51
%
Operating lease amounts include minimum lease payments under our non-cancelable operating leases primarily for office facilities and employee vehicles. The amounts presented are consistent with contractual terms and are not expected to differ significantly from actual results under our existing leases.
The Company leases its facilities under various operating lease agreements, which expire on various dates. The minimum lease commitments due as of the year ended under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:
As of December 31, 2022
$
8,295
5,355
1,567
-
2027 - thereafter
-
Total
15,217
Less present value discount
(343)
Lease liability
$
14,874
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 10 - OTHER PAYABLES
Composition of other payables, grouped by major classifications, is as follows:
December 31,
Employee related compensation
$
64,464
$
47,007
Commissions payable
12,159
10,712
Accrued expenses
10,001
10,661
Lease liability
8,360
9,290
Other
2,350
1,704
Total other payables
$
97,334
$
79,374
NOTE 11 - DEBT
On October 28, 2021, Payoneer Early Payments Inc. (“PEPI”), a wholly-owned second tier subsidiary of the Company and its subsidiary (the “Borrower”) entered into a Receivables and Loan Security Agreement (the “Warehouse Facility”) with Viola Credit VI, L.P., Viola Credit Alternative Lending FNX SPV, L.P. (the “Lenders”) and Viola Credit Alternative Lending Management 2018 L.P. (collectively, the “Parties”) for the purpose of external financing of Capital Advance activity. The Company notes that the Lenders are related parties through the Company’s Board of Directors’ chairman’s ownership interest in the Lender. Refer to Note 21 for further information regarding related party considerations.
In accordance with the Warehouse Facility agreement, the Lender will make available to the Company an initial committed amount of $25,000, which may be increased at the request of the Company, and with the consent of the Lenders, in $25,000 increments up to $100,000. The associated borrowings will be secured by the assets of the Borrower, which consist primarily of capital advance receivables as well as a pledge of the equity of the Borrower. The recourse under the Warehouse Facility agreement is limited to Borrower's assets, and no other Payoneer entity guarantees repayment by the Borrower. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, $25,906 and $27,661 was pledged as collateral and included within Capital advance receivables on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Warehouse Facility agreement stipulates a borrowing base calculated at an advance rate of 80% out of the eligible portfolio outstanding receivables balance and that borrowings under the facility bear interest as follows: greater of 0.25% or LIBOR plus:
● 9.00% per annum if the commitment amount is $25,000;
● 7.75% per annum if the commitment amount is $50,000;
● 7.50% per annum if the commitment amount is $75,000;
● 7.00% per annum if the commitment amount is $100,000.
On June 8, 2022, the Warehouse Facility agreement was amended to create a condition that the total interest rate, calculated as the sum per above, shall not exceed 10.5% per annum for all outstanding balances.
The revolving period of the facility is 36 months from the closing date and the maturity date is 42 months from the date the Warehouse Facility agreement was entered into.
The Company recorded expenses included in transaction cost in the total amount of $1,491 and $220 for the year ended at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding associated balance was $16,138, due within 2024, with $153 of accrued expenses included in Other payables. As of December 31, 2021, the outstanding associated balance was $13,665 with $128 of accrued expenses included in Other payables.
The Warehouse Facility agreement includes certain affirmative and negative covenants that must be maintained by the Company and includes certain financial measures such as minimum tangible equity and minimum unrestricted cash at the Company level. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 11 - DEBT (continued):
As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the debt approximates the book value due to the short time span between initiation and balance sheet date with the outstanding balance classified as Level 3 in the fair value leveling hierarchy as the inputs into the valuation are not observable.
NOTE 12 - OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Composition of other long-term liabilities, grouped by major classifications, is as follows:
December 31,
Reserves for uncertain tax positions
$
21,048
$
10,858
Long-term lease liabilities
6,514
4,061
Severance pay liabilities
2,252
3,048
Other
2,342
Total other long-term liabilities
$
29,831
$
20,309
NOTE 13 - SEVERANCE PAY FUND AND ACCRUED SEVERANCE PAY
While we maintain immaterial severance pay liabilities in several jurisdictions globally, the following discussion covers the severance arrangement in Payoneer Research and Development Ltd. (“The Israeli Subsidiary”), which is our most material arrangement and makes up substantially all of the severance pay liabilities included within Other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
Labor laws in Israel and employment agreements require paying severance pay to employees that are dismissed or retire from their employment in certain circumstances, according to a defined benefit plan. Employees (for whom the Company makes regular deposits in pension and severance pay funds according to a defined benefit plan) dismissed before attaining retirement age are entitled to severance pay computed on the basis of their latest pay rate. In respect of these employees, the Company is committed to supplement the difference between severance pay computed as above and the amounts accumulated in the abovementioned funds. Commencing 2011, the Israeli Subsidiary added Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law - 1963 to new employees’ agreements that eliminates the need to accrue provisions for retirement expenses for these employees, other than periodic payments made on behalf of the employees that are expensed periodically. Accrued severance pay liability was $1,878 and $2,679 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The Israeli Subsidiary’s severance pay liability for the Israeli employees is covered mainly by the purchase of insurance policies. The value of these polices is recorded as an asset in the consolidated balance sheets. Under labor agreements these insurance policies are, subject to specified limitation, the property of the employees. The balance of the severance pay fund was $1,095 and $1,723 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
NOTE 14 - WARRANTS AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
Common Stock
Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share and to receive dividends, when declared. The holders have no preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to such shares.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 14 - WARRANTS AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY (continued):
Warrants
As described within Note 3, the Company has publicly traded warrants that are exercisable for shares of the Company’s common stock. Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares at an exercise price of $11.50. These warrants expire on June 25, 2026, or earlier, if redeemed. At December 31, 2022, there were 25,158,086 warrants outstanding with a corresponding liability valued at $25,914. The warrants are considered to be a Level 1 fair value measurement due to the observability of the inputs. Note that 723,333 private placement warrants issued by FTOC were forfeited at the close of the Reverse Recapitalization transaction.
The Company will not be obligated to deliver any Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Common Stock underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company satisfying its obligations with respect to registration. No warrant will be exercisable, and the Company will not be obligated to issue any Common Stock upon exercise of a warrant unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder, or an exemption is available.
Redemption of warrants when the price per share of Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00.
The Company may redeem the warrants, upon becoming exercisable, in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to the warrant holders; if, and only if, the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share sub-divisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is given to the warrant holders; and if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is sent.
Redemption of warrants for shares of Common Stock when the price per share of Common Stock equals or exceeds $10.00.
The Company may redeem the warrants in whole and not in part, at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares calculated in the manner set forth in the warrant agreement relating to the warrants, based on the redemption date and the “fair market value” of the Common Stock shares if; and only if, the closing price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $10.00 per Public Share (as adjusted for share sub-divisions, share dividends, reorganizations, reclassifications, recapitalizations and the like) on the trading day before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders; and if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is given.
The Warrants were accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities on our balance sheet. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the consolidated statement of operations. The following table presents the changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities (Level 1):
December 31,
Beginning fair value
$
59,877
$
71,701
Change in fair value
(33,963)
(11,824)
Ending fair value
25,914
59,877
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 14 - WARRANTS AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY (continued):
In September 2015, the Company issued equity classified private warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock to a non-employee in association with a commercial services agreement. The exercise price of the warrants is $1.79 per share and they expire 10 years from issuance. At December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, 1,792,944 private warrants were outstanding, out of which 1,080,707 were vested. The Company did not recognize additional expenses related to the warrants in 2022 and in 2021.
NOTE 15 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company’s business is subject to various laws and regulations in the United States and other countries from where the Company operates. Any regulatory action, tax or legal challenge against the Company for noncompliance with any regulatory or legal requirement could result in significant fines, penalties, or other enforcement actions, increased costs of doing business through adverse judgment or settlement, reputational harm, the diversion of significant amounts of management time and operational resources, and could require changes in compliance requirements or limits on the Company’s ability to expand its product offerings, or otherwise harm or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.
On September 28, 2021, the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) and the Bank of Mexico revoked the banking license of a banking entity utilized by the Company due to the banking entity not meeting applicable capital requirements. As a result, the Company is unable to withdraw funds from the banking entity. The Company has reserved $2,250 for potential losses related to the inaccessible funds above the recovered amount. The Company applied for and recovered the maximum statutory reimbursement through the deposit insurance provided by Mexican Institute for the Protection of Banking Services (IPAB), totaling $140. The Company has filed a claim in liquidation for the remaining funds; however, the percentage of the deposit that will be recovered in liquidation is not known at this time.
From time to time, the Company is involved in other disputes or regulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of business. These may include suits by its customers alleging, among other things, acting unfairly and/or not in conformity regarding pricing, rules or agreements, improper disclosure of our prices, rules, or policies or that our practices, prices, rules, policies, or customer agreements violate applicable law.
In addition to these types of disputes and regulatory inquiries, the operations of the Company are also subject to regulatory and/or legal review and/or challenges that tend to reflect the increasing global regulatory focus to which the industry in which the Company operates is subject and, when taken as a whole with other regulatory and legislative action, such actions could result in the imposition of costly new compliance burdens on the Company and may lead to increased costs and decreased transaction volume and revenue.
Any claims or regulatory actions against the Company, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, settlement payments, damage awards (including statutory damages for certain causes of action in certain jurisdictions), fines, penalties, injunctive relief, or increased costs of doing business through adverse judgment or settlement, require the Company to change our business practices, require significant amounts of management time, result in the diversion of operational resources, or otherwise harm the business.
NOTE 16 - REVENUE
The following table presents revenue recognized from contracts with customers as well as revenue from other sources, consisting of interest income:
Year Ended December 31,
Revenue recognized at a point in time
$
533,213
$
440,582
$
332,939
Revenue recognized over time
39,118
30,119
6,652
Revenue from contracts with customers
$
572,331
$
470,701
$
339,591
Revenue from other sources
55,292
2,702
6,001
Total revenues
$
627,623
$
473,403
$
345,592
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 16 - REVENUE (continued):
Based on the information provided to and reviewed by our CODM, we believe that the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows and how they are affected by economic factors are most appropriately depicted through our primary geographical markets. The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by primary geographic market where revenues are attributable to the country in which the billing address of the customer is located with the exception of global bank transfer revenues where revenues are disaggregated based on the billing address of the transaction funds source.
Year Ended December 31,
Primary geographical markets
Greater China(1)
$
195,663
$
160,583
$
127,307
United States
87,438
55,941
38,729
All other countries(2)
344,522
256,879
179,556
Total revenues
$
627,623
$
473,403
$
345,592
(1) Greater China is inclusive of mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan
(2) No single country included in the other countries category generated more than 10% of total revenue
The following table represents a rollforward of deferred customer acquisition costs:
Opening balance as of December 31, 2021
$
11,366
Additions to deferred customer acquisition costs
11,476
Amortization of deferred customer acquisition costs
(12,597)
Ending balance as of December 31, 2022
$
10,245
Opening balance as of December 31, 2020
$
8,976
Additions to deferred customer acquisition costs
11,111
Amortization of deferred customer acquisition costs
(8,721)
Ending balance as of December 31, 2021
$
11,366
NOTE 17 - TRANSACTION COSTS
Composition of transaction costs, grouped by major classifications, is as follows:
December 31,
Bank and processor fees
$
85,015
$
76,868
$
68,544
Network fees
13,617
9,162
16,744
Capital advance costs
4,526
6,363
1,984
Chargebacks and operational losses
3,837
3,917
5,637
Card costs
1,834
2,323
2,563
Other
1,336
2,843
1,568
Total transaction costs
$
110,165
$
101,476
$
97,040
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 18 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Option and restricted stock compensation plans
The Company maintains three stock-based compensation incentive plans: the Payoneer Inc. 2007 Share Incentive Plan and the Payoneer Inc. 2007 U.S. Share Incentive Plan (hereafter together - the “2007 Plan”), the Payoneer Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (hereafter - the “2017 Plan”) and the 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan").
● 2007 Plan - In February 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2007 Plan, where up to 3,360,000 options were reserved for grants to employees of the Company. Subsequent to the original plan approval, there have been several periodic increases in options available to be granted through approval by the Company’s board of directors and stockholders.
● 2017 Plan - In May 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2017 Plan, where up to 21,756,714 options may be granted to employees of the Company. The 2017 Plan also allows for the granting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that generally vest over a four year period and are subject to both continued service and liquidity-based conditions. The liquidity-based conditions include an initial public offering, merger, sale or partial liquidation event as defined agreement.
● 2021 Plan - In June 2021, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2021 Plan, pursuant to the approval of the 2021 Plan by the shareholders of the Company. The plan allows for the granting of options and RSUs to be granted to employees of the Company. RSUs granted under the plan generally vest over a four year period and are subject to continued service.
o 2021 Transaction Bonus Pool - As indicated in Note 3, the Company approved and adopted the Transaction Bonus Pool under the 2021 Plan, associated with the Reverse Recapitalization in 2021. The RSUs associated with the Transaction Bonus Pool are subject to certain market-based and service conditions. Fifty percent of the RSUs shall vest if at any time during the 30 months following the Closing Date, the closing share price of Company Shares is greater than or equal to $15.00 over any 20 days trading within any 30 trading days period; and 50% of the RSUs shall vest if at any time during the 60 months following the Closing Date, the closing share price of Company Shares is greater than or equal to $17.00 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading days period, subject to the grantee's continued status as an employee until and including the time the RSUs vest.
Under each of the plans, no options shall be exercisable after the expiration of 10 years after the effective date of grant.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 18 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):
Options
As of December 31, 2022, 60,777,369 options are authorized under the Plans. Each option can be exercised to purchase one share of Common Stock par value USD 0.01 each of the Company. The Company’s Board of Directors approved the grant of the following stock options:
December 31, 2022
Outstanding Options
Options Exercisable
Weighted Average
Weighted Average
Exercise
Number
Remaining
Number
Remaining
Price
Outstanding
Contractual life
Exercisable
Contractual life
$0.010
5,397,819
7.70
1,941,657
7.75
$0.080
283,041
5.10
283,041
5.10
$0.140
13,983
0.11
13,983
0.11
$0.350
27,858
0.86
27,858
0.86
$0.540
1,241,066
1.50
1,241,066
1.50
$0.620
2,738,569
2.09
2,738,569
2.09
$1.380
135,645
2.95
135,645
2.95
$1.410
4,534,162
3.12
4,534,162
3.12
$1.810
285,319
3.57
285,319
3.57
$2.740
4,075,806
7.22
2,719,596
7.21
$2.800
3,867,082
5.02
3,867,082
5.02
$2.850
1,152,637
5.79
1,152,637
5.79
$2.900
5,785,090
6.13
5,400,123
6.13
$3.020
2,475,781
4.17
2,475,781
4.17
$3.070
759,806
6.55
611,731
6.55
$3.900
829,113
7.94
463,911
7.94
$3.980
500,000
9.50
-
-
$7.870
783,411
8.06
347,363
8.02
$9.990
37,600
8.69
14,100
8.69
34,923,788
5.45
28,253,624
4.93
The vesting period of the outstanding options is generally 4 years from the date of grant. The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted by the Company:
Year Ended December 31,
Expected term (in years)
6.11
5.19-6.11
5.86-6.5
Risk-free interest rate
3.15
%
0.61%-1.08
%
0.45-0.93
%
Dividend yield
%
%
%
Volatility rate
%
%
%
Weighted average fair value of options at grant date
$
2.252
$
7.131
$
3.158
The Company selected the Black-Scholes Merton option pricing model as the most appropriate fair value method for its stock-options awards based on the market value of the underlying shares at the date of grant. Historical information for a selection of similar publicly traded companies was the basis for the expected volatility. Historical information and management expectations were the basis for the expected dividend yield. The expected lives of the options are based upon the simplified method per ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The risk-free interest rate was selected based upon yields of U.S. Treasury issues with a term equal to the expected life of the option being valued. Option vesting generally occurs in tranches up to four years.
As of December 31, 2022, there were approximately $18,994 of unrecognized compensation costs outstanding, related to unamortized stock option compensation which are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.53 years. Total unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized as incurred. In addition, as future grants are made, additional compensation costs will be incurred.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 18 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):
The following table presents a summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Weighted
Weighted
Average
Average
Exercise
Remaining
Aggregate
Price per
Contractual
Intrinsic
Shares
Share
Term
Value
Outstanding December 31, 2021
44,940,169
$
2.08
$
6.31
$
232,538
Granted
500,000
$
3.98
-
-
Exercised
(8,515,556)
$
2.08
-
-
Forfeited
(2,000,825)
$
2.37
-
-
Outstanding December 31, 2022
34,923,788
$
2.10
$
5.45
$
117,849
Exercisable December 31, 2022
28,253,624
$
2.15
$
4.93
$
93,765
The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $26,105, $17,102 and $15,068 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company has received a tax benefit of $1,944, $1,401 and $13, respectively, in excess of the tax benefit based on the intrinsic value on date of issuance of the share-based compensation, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units
The cost of RSUs granted is determined using the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Prior to the Reverse Recapitalization, the fair market value of the Company’s common stock utilizing a combination of discounted cash flow and option pricing method methodologies. Key inputs and assumptions used (which are Level 3 inputs and assumptions) were forecasted future financial performance, discount rate, cost of equity and terminal growth rate. Prior to the Reverse Recapitalization, the implied common stock price was estimated based on the difference in the rights and preference between the preferred and common stock.
The following table summarizes the RSUs activity under the 2017 Plan and the 2021 Plan as of December 31, 2022:
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Units
Fair Value
Outstanding December 31, 2021
9,725,027
$
8.46
Granted
21,258,187
$
5.07
Vested
(2,962,735)
$
8.25
Forfeited
(2,166,898)
$
6.31
Outstanding December 31, 2022
25,853,581
$
5.88
In the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company granted 21,258,187 RSUs under the 2021 plan, 3,100,000 of which are subject to continued service conditions and market conditions. The Company evaluated the fair value of this grant using a Monte Carlo simulation in the amount of $8,461.
Certain of the Company’s RSUs are subject to only a service condition. During the year ended December 31, 2022, 18,158,187 of such RSUs were granted.
The total vesting-date value of equity classified RSUs vested during 2022 was $17 million. As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested equity classified RSUs of $116,435 million is expected to be recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of 2.06 years.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 18 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued):
In 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company has received a tax benefit of $3,682, $4,054 and $0, respectively, in excess of the tax benefit based on the intrinsic value on date of issuance of the share-based compensation, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company initiated, on May 16, 2022, the first offering period under the ESPP, the purpose of which is to provide employees of the Company and its designated subsidiaries with an opportunity to purchase Company Common Stock at a discount through payroll deductions and to help eligible employees provide for their future security and to encourage them to remain in the employment of the Company. The second offering period under the ESPP was initiated on November 16, 2022.
Each eligible employee enrolling for any offering period under the ESPP is required to designate a whole percentage of their monthly payroll to be withheld by the Company or the designated subsidiary employing such eligible employee on each payday during the applicable offering period. The designated deduction percentage may not be less than 1% and may not be more than 15% of the employee’s salary subject to a maximum of $25 per year, unless otherwise determined by the Company for any specific offering period. Any offering period is comprised of one or more 6 months’ purchase periods, at the last trading day of each (a “Purchase Date”), the Company will use the total amount deducted from each participant, subject to quantity limitations determined by the Company for such offering period, to issue such participant with such number of Company shares based on a purchase price which shall not be less than 85% of the closing sales price for a Company share on the first trading day of the applicable offering period or on the relevant Purchase Date, whichever is lower. During the year ended December 31, 2022, employees participating in the ESPP purchased 979,577 shares at a per share price of $3.92. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 6,623,625 shares were reserved for future issuance under the ESPP. The fair value attributable to the plan was $2,082,528 as of the beginning of each offering period and was measured using the Monte Carlo model. The expense associated with the ESPP recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2,075.
Options, RSUs, and ESPP
The Company records stock-based compensation expense for its equity incentive plans in accordance with the provisions of the authoritative accounting guidance, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values.
The impact on our results of operations of recording stock-based compensation expense under the Company’s equity incentive plans were as follows:
December 31,
Other operating expenses
$
10,870
$
8,194
$
3,033
Research and development expenses
10,248
6,012
1,536
Sales and marketing expenses
15,175
10,916
1,995
General and administrative expenses
15,856
11,890
4,329
Total stock-based compensation
$
52,149
$
37,012
$
10,893
The Company capitalized $1,592 and $181 in compensation costs as part of internal use software during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2020, respectively. No compensation costs were capitalized during the year ended December 31, 2021.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 19 - INCOME TAXES
The Company is subject to U.S., federal, state, and foreign incomes taxes. The components of net gain (loss) before income taxes and share in losses of associated company for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Income (loss) before income taxes and share in losses of associated company:
U.S. Domestic
$
13,266
$
(27,181)
$
(37,758)
Foreign
(11,648)
1,942
22,475
$
1,618
$
(25,239)
$
(15,283)
The components of provision for income taxes for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Current tax provision:
Federal
$
1,066
$
-
$
-
State
Foreign
11,409
9,463
8,660
Total current tax provision
12,855
9,927
9,027
Deferred tax provision:
Federal
-
-
-
State
-
-
-
Foreign
(1,216)
(707)
Total deferred tax provision
(1,216)
(707)
Provision for income taxes
$
13,586
$
8,711
$
8,320
The Company had an effective tax rate of 839% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to an effective tax rate of (34)% for the year ended December 31, 2021 and (54)% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 19 - INCOME TAXES (continued):
A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% in 2022, 2021 and 2020 to the actual tax rate is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Tax computed at the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate
$
$
(5,300)
$
(3,209)
State taxes, net of federal benefit
1,023
1,073
Differences in foreign tax rate1
(2,494)
(1,213)
(822)
Change in Valuation allowances
5,258
3,329
8,564
Share-based compensation
5,725
7,161
2,287
Non-deductible warrant revaluation
(7,132)
(2,483)
-
Other statutorily non-deductible expenses
1,487
1,806
-
Provision to return adjustment
-
-
Uncertain tax positions
7,793
4,384
Effect of non-U.S. operations
1,527
-
-
Other
(257)
$
13,586
$
8,711
$
8,320
1Israeli taxation: in general, the income, including any capital gains, of the Israeli Subsidiary, other than from Approved Enterprises, is taxed in Israel at the regular corporate tax rate of 23%. However, pursuant to the Encouragement of Capital Investments Law, the Company benefits from a reduced tax rate of 16% on revenues associated with the research and development activity performed in Israel. Thus, the Israeli Subsidiary is subject to tax in Israel based on a blended rate. In 2022, the blended rate is about 17%, as compared to 22% in 2021.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of long-term assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The components of the Company’s long-term net deferred tax assets were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards
$
24,733
$
24,972
Transaction loss provision
Property, equipment & software
Share-based compensation
7,123
3,528
Accrued expenses
2,092
Employee benefits
5,476
4,972
Operating lease liability
-
Capitalized research and development
-
Gross deferred tax assets
40,150
36,395
Valuation allowance
(28,424)
(22,394)
Total deferred tax assets
11,726
14,001
Deferred tax liabilities:
Contract assets
Right-of-use asset
-
Internal use software (pre-2022)
6,127
8,670
Other
-
Total deferred tax liabilities
7,557
9,101
Net deferred tax assets
$
4,169
$
4,900
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 19 - INCOME TAXES (continued):
The Company has classified the net deferred tax assets as long-term. Deferred taxes as of December 31, 2022 were reduced by a valuation allowance primarily relating to net operating losses and share-based compensation. In assessing the likelihood of realizing deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Due to a record of historical taxable losses in the United States and Germany, management believes it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the United States. Management believes it was more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized for the Israel subsidiary.
Deferred taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability method based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities under the applicable tax laws. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In the determination of the appropriate valuation allowances, the Company has considered the most recent projections of future business results and taxable income by jurisdiction. Actual results may vary in comparison to current projections.
As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $15,610, $53,045 and $40,175, respectively. These net operating losses can be utilized to reduce future taxable income, if any. The excess tax benefits from share-based compensation is $21,619. Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to ownership change provisions of the Code and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating loss carryforwards before utilization. If not utilized, the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2028. The Company also has significant net operating losses in Germany, which may be carried forward indefinitely to offset future taxable income in Germany.
Provisions of ASC 740-10, Income Taxes, clarify whether to recognize assets or liabilities for tax positions taken that may be challenged by a tax authority. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, which is included in other long-term obligations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, is as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
9,540
Decreases for tax positions in prior years
(1,413)
Increases for tax positions related to current year
9,206
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
17,333
Balance at December 31, 2020
$
5,076
Decreases for tax positions in prior years
-
Increases for tax positions related to current year
4,464
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
9,540
Balance at December 31, 2019
$
4,391
Decreases for tax positions in prior years
(1,000)
Increases for tax positions related to current year
1,685
Balance at December 31, 2020
$
5,076
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 19 - INCOME TAXES (continued):
The following table presents the change in the Company’s valuation allowance during the periods presented:
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
22,394
Additions to valuation allowance
14,818
Reductions to valuation allowance
(8,788)
Balance at December 31, 2022
$
28,424
Balance at December 31, 2020
$
14,442
Additions to valuation allowance
11,309
Reductions to valuation allowance
(3,357)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$
22,394
All of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized in future periods, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate in such future periods. The Company recognizes both interest and penalties as part of the income tax provision. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred penalties related to income taxes of approximately $50. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not incur any interest and penalties related to income taxes.
Tax years from 2019 and forward remain open to examinations by US federal and state authorities due to net operating loss carry forwards. The Company is currently not under examinations by the Internal Revenue Service. The Israeli and German subsidiaries are both under tax examination for the years 2016 through 2018. The Company will comply with the requests to the extent required by law.
NOTE 20 - NET LOSS PER SHARE
The Company computes net loss per share using the two-class method required for participating securities. The two-class method requires income available to common shareholders for the period to be allocated between shares of Common Stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. The Company considers any issued and outstanding convertible preferred shares to be participating securities as the holders of the convertible preferred shares, as the case may be, would be entitled to dividends that would be distributed to the holders of common stock, on a pro-rata basis assuming conversion of all convertible preferred shares into common shares. These participating securities do not contractually require the holders of such shares to participate in the Company’s losses. As such, net loss for the periods presented was not allocated to the Company’s participating securities.
The Company’s basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. The diluted net loss per share is calculated by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period using the treasury share method or the if-converted method based on the nature of such securities. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share in periods when the effects of potentially dilutive shares of common shares are anti-dilutive. The Earn-Out Shares (as such term is defined in the Reorganization Agreement) which were subject to the occurrence of certain conditions, were excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, because the Earn-Out Shares conditions were not met at the end of the reporting period.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 20 - NET LOSS PER SHARE (continued):
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss
$
(11,970)
$
(33,987)
$
(23,746)
Less dividends and revaluation attributable to redeemable and redeemable convertible preferred stock
-
33,632
13,636
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(11,970)
$
(67,619)
$
(37,382)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
348,044,831
202,881,911
47,007,695
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted
$
(0.03)
$
(0.33)
$
(0.80)
Private warrants, options, RSUs, ESPP and Earn-Out Shares have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented as their effect was anti-dilutive or the conditions were not met as of the end of the reporting periods.
The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include stock options, preferred stock, warrants and deferred consideration related to the 2020 acquisition of Optile have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be antidilutive. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same, as shown in the above table.
The Company excluded the following potential common shares*, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:
Year Ended December 31,
Shares related to options, RSUs, and ESPP
30,214,638
34,145,397
8,232,204
Redeemable convertible preferred stock (as converted to common stock)
-
53,435,900
111,452,020
Private warrants
722,903
840,981
222,414
Total potentially dilutive securities
30,937,541
88,422,278
119,906,638
*Note that 25,158,125 Warrants and 30,000,000 Earn-Out Shares have been excluded from the computation of diluted net earnings per share as their underlying conditions were not met or they were not in the money as of the end of the reporting period.
NOTE 21 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
As indicated in Note 11, the Company entered into a Warehouse Facility agreement with Lenders where a member of the Board of Directors has an interest. The Company has evaluated the relationship and determined that the Warehouse Facility agreement represents a related party transaction that has been entered into in the ordinary course of business. As such, the Warehouse Facility agreement was reviewed and approved as a related party transaction in accordance with the related party transaction approval process implemented by the Company.
The Company analyzed the terms of the Warehouse Facility agreement and concluded that the terms represent a transaction conducted at arm’s length.
PAYONEER GLOBAL INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS (EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
NOTE 22 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
As further described in Note 8, the Company, as of December 31, 2022, was a 46% owner in a joint venture in the Peoples Republic of China, which we account for as an investment in associated company on our consolidated balance sheets. In January 2023, the Company, through a wholly-owned subsidiary Payoneer Research and Development, acquired all remaining interest from other partners in the joint venture for cash consideration of approximately $8,100. As part of the agreement, the acquiring company, Payoneer Research and Development, will assume responsibility for all expenses and income incurred or earned to date related to the joint venture of approximately $900 in net expense. As of the date of the transaction, the Company will account for the entity as a wholly-owned subsidiary within its consolidated financial statements.
On January 18, 2023, the Company announced the expected departure of Mr. Michael Levine as Chief Financial Officer and the hiring of Ms. Bea Ordonez as the Company’s Deputy Chief Financial Officer. On February 27, 2023, the board of directors of the Company approved the appointment of Ms. Ordonez as Chief Financial Officer of the Company effective as of March 1, 2023, at which date Mr. Levine will cease to hold the position of Chief Financial Officer. In addition, Ms. Ordonez was granted an equity award under the Company’s 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan consisting of (i) 1,750,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”), that will service-vest over a four-year period, 25% on January 16, 2024 and the remainder in 12 equal quarterly installments thereafter (such service-vesting schedule, “Standard Service Vesting”), and (ii) up to a maximum of 600,000 RSUs that vest based on both the achievement by the Company of certain stock price targets and satisfying the Standard Service Vesting requirements. The Company provided the relevant details regarding Mr. Levine’s Separation Agreement and General Release on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2023.
On January 30, 2023, the Company announced the expected departure of Robert Clarkson as the Chief Revenue Officer effective as of February 15, 2023. Mr. Clarkson will remain employed by the Company in an advisory role through September 1, 2023.
On February 27, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the appointment of John Caplan as the Company’s sole Chief Executive Officer, effective as of March 1, 2023, on which date Scott Galit will cease to hold the position of Co-Chief Executive Officer and will transition to a role as Senior Advisor, and in such capacity shall advise the Company in such areas, tasks and topics as shall be mutually agreed by Mr. Galit and the Company CEO from time to time, together with such additional duties as may be required from time to time by the Board and in coordination with the Company CEO. As part of Mr. Galit’s role as aforesaid, he shall continue to serve as member of the Board, Payoneer Inc., and such other subsidiaries and secondary subsidiaries on which he currently serves.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).
Our management, with the participation of our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer and the oversight of our audit committee, has evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, our management used the framework established in Internal Control Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by Kesselman & Kesselman, a member of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which can be found in Part II Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitation on the Effectiveness of Internal Control
The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, in designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B. Other Information.
Appointment of CEO; Transition of Co-CEO
On February 27, 2023, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company approved the appointment of John Caplan as the Company’s sole Chief Executive Officer (the “Company CEO”), effective as of March 1, 2023, on which date Scott Galit will cease to hold the position of Co-Chief Executive Officer and will transition to a role as Senior Advisor, and in such capacity shall advise the Company in such areas, tasks and topics as shall be mutually agreed by Mr. Galit and the Company CEO from time to time, together with such additional duties as may be required from time to time by the Board and in coordination with the Company CEO. As part of Mr. Galit’s role as aforesaid, he shall continue to serve as member of the Board, Payoneer Inc., and such other subsidiaries and secondary subsidiaries on which he currently serves.
The Company provided the relevant details regarding the terms and conditions of Mr. Caplan’s appointment and employment on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 25, 2022. The full text of Mr. Caplan’s Employment Agreement is incorporated by reference to this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibit 10.11 and incorporated herein by reference. In connection with his appointment as Company CEO, Mr. Caplan signed an amendment to his Employment Agreement, dated February 27, 2023 (the “Amended Caplan Employment Agreement”), to update his title and the definition of his role. The description of the Amended Caplan Employment Agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Amended Caplan Employment Agreement attached to this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibit 10.20 and incorporated herein by reference.
In connection with his appointment as Senior Advisor, Mr. Galit and Payoneer Inc. have entered into an amendment to the Galit Employment Agreement dated June 25, 2021, as amended, dated February 27, 2023 (the “Amended Galit Employment Agreement”). Under the Amended Galit Employment Agreement, Mr. Galit will have an annual base salary of $475,000 and a target annual bonus opportunity equal to 100% of his annual base salary. The term of the Amended Galit Employment Agreement is effective through December 31, 2023, renewable by mutual agreement of the parties for an additional period of twelve (12) months.
The description of the Amended Galit Employment Agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Amended Galit Employment Agreement attached to this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibit 10.21 and incorporated herein by reference.
Appointment of CFO; Transition of CFO
On February 27, 2023, the Board approved the appointment of Bea (Beatrice) Ordonez, age 50, as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, effective as of March 1, 2023, at which date Michael Levine will cease to hold the position of Chief Financial Officer, who will transition to his advisory role to assist the transition of Ms. Ordonez into the role of Chief Financial Officer as previously disclosed on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2023.
Prior to her appointment, Ms. Ordonez served as the Company’s Deputy Chief Financial Officer since January 2023. From 2022 to January 2023, Ms. Ordonez was Chief Innovation Officer of Webster Bank [NYSE: WBS]. From 2021 to 2022, Ms. Ordonez served as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Sterling National Bank [NYSE: STL, prior to its acquisition by Webster Bank]. Prior to joining Sterling National Bank, from 2015 to 2021, Ms. Ordonez was Chief Financial Officer of OTC Markets Group [OTCQX: OTCM], a company that operates regulated financial markets for U.S. and global securities. In addition, from 2006 to 2015 Ms. Ordonez served as COO and Managing Director of Convergex, a global financial services firm (since acquired by Cowen [NASDAQ: COWN]) providing execution, trading, prime brokerage, clearing and other services to institutional investors and counterparties. Earlier in her career, Ms. Ordonez served as Chief Financial Officer of G-Trade, a broker-dealer providing electronic access to global equities markets and held roles as a tax consultant with PricewaterhouseCoopers as well as with Arthur Andersen. Ms. Ordonez has a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from the University of Nottingham and is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
In connection with her appointment as the Deputy Chief Financial Officer of the Company and subsequently as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, Ms. Ordonez and Payoneer Inc. entered into an employment agreement dated December 18, 2022 (the “Ordonez Employment Agreement”). The Ordonez Employment Agreement provides that Ms. Ordonez will have an initial annual base salary of $450,000 and a target annual bonus opportunity equal to 100% of her annual base salary. In addition, she was granted
an equity award under the Company’s 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan consisting of (i) 1,750,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”), that will service-vest over a four-year period, 25% on January 16, 2024 and the remainder in 12 equal quarterly installments thereafter (such service-vesting schedule, “Standard Service Vesting”), and (ii) up to a maximum of 600,000 RSUs that vest based on both the achievement by the Company of certain stock price targets and satisfying the Standard Service Vesting requirements. In addition, under the Ordonez Employment Agreement, Ms. Ordonez received a signing bonus in the amount of $1,200,000, repayable to the Company in the event that Ms. Ordonez voluntarily terminates her employment without good reason or is terminated by the Company for cause (each as defined in the Ordonez Employment Agreement) within 12 months from her start date.
If Ms. Ordonez is terminated by the Company without cause or she resigns for good reason, she will be entitled to receive the following severance payments and benefits, subject to her execution and non-revocation of a release of claims and her compliance with covenants not to compete or solicit or hire any employees or customers for a 12 month period following termination of employment: base salary continuation for 12 months; continued participation in the Company’s benefit plans and Company-paid health insurance plans for 12 months; and continued vesting of all outstanding equity awards for 12 months.
The description of the Employment Agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Ordonez Employment Agreement attached to this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibit 10.19 and incorporated herein by reference.
The terms of Mr. Levine’s transition and separation were previously disclosed on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2023 and the full text of his separation agreement and the amendment thereto are attached to this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibit 10.16 and Exhibit 10.17 and incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information required by this item will be included in our Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC, within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2023 Proxy Statement’), and is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by this item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information required by this item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by this item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by this item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
Financial Statements
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted as the information is not required under the related instruction or is not applicable or because the information required is already included in the financial statements or the notes to those financial statements.
Exhibits
The exhibits to this report are listed in the exhibit index below.
Exhibit Index
(b) Exhibits. The following exhibits are being followed herewith:
Exhibit No.
Description of Exhibit
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (included as Exhibit 2.1 to FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp.’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 3, 2021).
2.2
Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (included as Exhibit 2.1 to FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp.’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 16, 2021).
2.3
Amendment No. 2 to Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (included as Exhibit 2.1 to FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp.’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 10, 2021).
2.4
Amendment No. 3 to Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (included as Exhibit 2.1 to FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp.’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 23, 2021).
3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
3.2
Bylaws for the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
4.1
Specimen Common Stock Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form S-4 filed with the SEC on May 25, 2021).
4.2
Specimen Warrant Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form S-4 filed with the SEC on May 25, 2021).
4.3
Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2021, among FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corporation, Payoneer Global, Inc. and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
4.4
Warrant Agreement, dated August 25, 2020, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to FTAC Olympus Acquisition Corp.’s Form 8-K filed on August 28, 2020).
4.5*
Description of Registered Securities.
10.1
Payoneer 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
10.2
New Payoneer 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (included as Exhibit 10.7 to the Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
10.3
Israeli Sub-Plan to Payoneer Global Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (included as Exhibit 99.2 to the Form S-8 filed with the SEC on September 9, 2021).
10.4
Form of Indemnification Agreement (included as Exhibit 10.8 to the Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
10.5
A&R Registration Rights Agreement (included as Exhibit 10.9 to the Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
10.6
Receivables Loan and Security Agreement (included as Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 3, 2021).
10.7
Non-Employee Directors Compensation Plan, dated March 1, 2022 (included as Exhibit 10.11 to the Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 3, 2022).
10.8
Employment Agreement with Scott Galit (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
10.9
Employment Agreement with Michael Levine (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2021).
10.10
Amendment #1 to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Scott Galit (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 25, 2022).
10.11
Employment Agreement with John Caplan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 25, 2022).
10.12
Employment Agreement with Arnon Kraft (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Post Effective Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022).
10.13*
Employment Agreement with Assaf Ronen.
10.14*
Amendment to Employment Agreement with Assaf Ronen.
10.15*
Employment Agreement with Tsafi Goldman.
10.16*
Separation Agreement with Michael Levine.
10.17*
Amendment to Separation Agreement with Michael Levine.
10.18*
Separation Agreement with Robert Clarkson.
10.19*
Employment Agreement with Bea Ordonez.
10.20*
Amendment #1 to Employment Agreement with John Caplan.
10.21*
Amendment #2 to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Scott Galit.
14.1*
Code of Conduct and Ethics of the Company, dated June 25, 2021.
21.1*
List of Subsidiaries.
23.1*
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Kesselman & Kesselman, a member of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited.
31.1*
Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2*
Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.3*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1*
Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*
Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.3*
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*
iXBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*
iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*
iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101).
*
Filed herewith.