EDGAR 10-K Filing

Company CIK: 1418121
Filing Year: 2021
Filename: 1418121_10-K_2021_0001564590-21-007573.json

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Item 1.
Business
The Company, formed in November 2007 as a Virginia corporation, is a self-advised REIT that invests in income-producing real estate, primarily in the lodging sector, in the United States (“U.S.”). The Company has elected to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 234 hotels with an aggregate of 29,937 rooms located in urban, high-end suburban and developing markets throughout 34 states, including one hotel with 118 rooms classified as held for sale, which is expected to be sold to an unrelated party in the first quarter of 2021. As of December 31, 2020, substantially all of the Company’s hotels operate under Marriott or Hilton brands. The hotels are operated and managed under separate management agreements with 17 hotel management companies, none of which are affiliated with the Company. The Company’s common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “APLE.” The Company has no foreign operations or assets and its operating structure includes only one reportable segment. Refer to Part II, Item 8, for the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Business Objectives
The Company is one of the largest hospitality REITs in the U.S., in both the number of hotels and guest rooms, with significant geographic and brand diversity. The Company’s primary business objective is to maximize shareholder value by achieving long-term growth in cash available for distributions to its shareholders. The Company has pursued and will continue to pursue this objective through the following investment strategies:
•
pursuing thoughtful capital allocation with selective acquisitions and dispositions of primarily rooms-focused hotels in the upscale sector of the lodging industry;
•
employing broad geographic diversification of its investments;
•
franchising and collaborating with leading brands in the sector;
•
utilizing strong experienced operators for its hotels and enhancing their performance with proactive asset management;
•
reinvesting in the Company’s hotels to maintain their competitive advantage; and
•
maintaining low leverage providing the Company with financial flexibility.
The Company has generally acquired fee simple ownership of its properties, with a focus on hotels that have or have the potential to have diverse demand generators, strong brand recognition, high levels of customer satisfaction and strong operating margins. Due to their efficient operating model and strong consumer preference, the Company concentrates on the acquisition of rooms-focused hotels. The Company’s acquisitions have been in broadly diversified markets across the U.S. to limit dependence on any one geographic area or demand generator. With an emphasis on upscale rooms-focused hotels, the Company utilizes its asset management experience and expertise to improve the quality and performance of its hotels by working with its property managers to aggressively manage revenue and cost structure by benchmarking with internal and external data, using the Company’s scale to help negotiate favorable vendor contracts, engaging industry leaders in hotel management, and franchising the hotels with leading brands and actively participating with the franchisors to strengthen the brands. To maintain its competitive advantage in each market, the Company continually reinvests in its hotels. With its depth of ownership in many upscale and upper mid-scale rooms-focused brands and extensive experience with the Hilton and Marriott rooms-focused brands, the Company has been able to enhance its reinvestment approach. By maintaining a flexible balance sheet, with a total debt to total capitalization (total debt outstanding plus equity market capitalization based on the Company’s December 31, 2020 closing share price) ratio at December 31, 2020 of 34.0%, the Company is not only positioned to opportunistically consider investments that further improve shareholder value, but management believes it is equipped to address developments caused by adverse economic environments such as the current conditions brought on by COVID-19.
COVID-19
Since first being reported in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread globally, including to every state in the U.S. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the U.S. declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has not only specifically reduced travel, but also has had a detrimental impact on regional and global economies and financial markets. The global, national and local impact of the outbreak has rapidly evolved and
many countries, including the U.S., as well as state and local governments, have reacted by instituting a wide variety of measures intended to control its spread, including states of emergency, mandatory quarantines, implementation of “stay at home” orders, business closures, border closings, and restrictions on travel and large gatherings, which has resulted in, and may continue to result in, cancellation of events, including sporting events, conferences and meetings. The pandemic triggered a period of material global economic slowdown and the National Bureau of Economic Research declared that the U.S. has been in a recession since February 2020. The Company cannot presently determine the extent or duration of the overall operational and financial effects that COVID-19 will have on the Company, its business, the hospitality industry and the economy. See “COVID-19 and the Company’s Actions to Mitigate its Impact” in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of operations, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for more information about the Company’s response to the effects of COVID-19.
Hotel Operating Performance
As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 234 hotels with a total of 29,937 rooms as compared to 233 hotels with a total of 29,870 rooms as of December 31, 2019 and 241 hotels with a total of 30,812 rooms as of December 31, 2018. Operating performance is included only for the period of ownership for hotels acquired or disposed of during 2020, 2019 and 2018. During 2020, the Company acquired four newly constructed hotels (two on April 30, 2020 and two on August 13, 2020) and sold three hotels (one each on January 16, 2020, February 27, 2020 and December 30, 2020). During 2019, the Company acquired one newly constructed hotel on March 19, 2019 and two existing hotels (one on March 4, 2019 and one on October 9, 2019), and sold 11 hotels (nine on March 28, 2019, one on December 19, 2019 and one on December 30, 2019). During 2018, the Company acquired one newly constructed hotel on May 2, 2018 and four existing hotels (two on February 5, 2018, one on June 28, 2018 and one on December 7, 2018), and sold three hotels (two on July 13, 2018 and one on November 29, 2018). The following table reflects certain operating statistics for the Company’s hotels for their respective periods of ownership by the Company. Average Daily Rate (“ADR”) is calculated as room revenue divided by the number of rooms sold, and revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) is calculated as occupancy multiplied by ADR.
Year Ended December 31,
ADR
$
111.49
$
137.30
$
136.04
Occupancy
46.1
%
77.0
%
76.9
%
RevPAR
$
51.34
$
105.72
$
104.66
Comparable Hotels Operating Performance
The following table reflects certain operating statistics for the Company’s 233 hotels owned and held for use as of December 31, 2020 (“Comparable Hotels”). The Company defines metrics from Comparable Hotels as results generated by the 233 hotels owned and held for use as of the end of the reporting period. For the hotels acquired during the reporting periods shown, the Company has included, as applicable, results of those hotels for periods prior to the Company’s ownership using information provided by the properties’ prior owners at the time of acquisition and not adjusted by the Company. This information has not been audited, either for the periods owned or prior to ownership by the Company. For dispositions and assets held for sale, results have been excluded for the Company’s period of ownership.
Year Ended December 31,
ADR
$
111.62
$
138.09
$
137.85
Occupancy
46.0
%
77.1
%
77.2
%
RevPAR
$
51.33
$
106.45
$
106.43
Hotel performance is impacted by many factors, including the economic conditions in the U.S. and in each individual locality. COVID-19 has been negatively affecting the U.S. hotel industry since March 2020. As a result of COVID-19, the Company’s revenue and operating results declined significantly in 2020 as compared to 2019 and 2018, which is consistent with the overall lodging industry. While there is no way to predict future economic conditions, the Company expects revenue and operating results to improve throughout 2021 if vaccinations and other COVID-19 mitigation efforts are successful; however, future revenues could be negatively impacted if, for example, COVID-19 cases continue to increase, state and local governments tighten or implement new mitigation restrictions or consumer sentiment deteriorates. See Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on the Company’s results of operations.
Recent Investing Activities
The following discussion regarding the Company’s approach to acquisitions and dispositions reflects the Company’s historical strategy. While the Company anticipates it will continue to approach the acquisition and disposition of hotels similarly over the long term, the detrimental impact of COVID-19 to the Company and overall lodging industry has limited and may continue to limit the Company’s ability to effectively acquire or dispose of hotels until the industry recovers.
Acquisitions and Contracts for Potential Acquisitions
The Company continually monitors market conditions and attempts to maximize shareholder value by investing in properties that it believes provide superior value over the long term. Consistent with this strategy and the Company’s focus on investing in rooms-focused hotels, in 2018 the Company entered into contracts to purchase a combined 224-room dual-branded Hampton Inn & Suites and Home2 Suites complex to be constructed in Cape Canaveral, Florida and a combined 259-room dual-branded Hyatt House and Hyatt Place complex to be constructed in Tempe, Arizona. Construction of these four hotels was completed in 2020 and the Company acquired the hotels. The aggregate purchase price of these hotels was approximately $111.3 million, funded by $25.0 million of available cash, $64.6 million of borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility and a one-year secured note for $21.7 million payable in May 2021, which principal amount was subsequently reduced by $1.1 million in July 2020, representing a credit from the developer for shared construction savings. Also, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had an outstanding contract that was entered into prior to 2020 for the potential purchase of a hotel under development for a total expected purchase price of approximately $49.6 million, which was completed and opened for business in February 2021, at which time the closing on this hotel occurred. The Company utilized borrowings under its revolving credit facility for this acquisition.
Dispositions and Contracts for Potential Dispositions
For its existing portfolio, the Company monitors each property’s profitability, market conditions and capital requirements and attempts to maximize shareholder value by disposing of properties when it believes that superior value can be provided from the sale of the property. As a result, in 2020, the Company sold a total of three hotels for a total combined gross sales price of approximately $55.3 million. As of January 31, 2021, the Company had an outstanding contract to sell one of its hotels for a gross sales price of approximately $10.3 million. Although the Company is working towards the sale of the hotel under contract, there are a number of conditions to closing that have not yet been satisfied and there can be no assurance that a closing on this hotel will occur under the outstanding sale contract. If the closing occurs, this sale is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2021. The net proceeds from the sales were or will be used to pay down borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility subject to certain restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period (defined below) pursuant to the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, as discussed further in Note 4 titled “Debt” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
See Note 2 titled “Investment in Real Estate” and Note 3 titled “Assets Held for Sale and Dispositions” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information concerning these transactions.
Hotel Conversion
Effective January 20, 2020, the Company converted its New York, New York Renaissance hotel to an independent boutique hotel. The Company incurred total conversion costs of approximately $1.0 million to complete the transition, of which approximately $0.1 million was incurred in 2019. The intent of the conversion was to provide greater long-term flexibility with the operations of the hotel. As anticipated, the operating results of the hotel declined in the first quarter of 2020 (prior to COVID-19) as compared to the first quarter of 2019 as the management team worked to replace revenue that was historically generated from the Renaissance brand system and have experienced further declines due to COVID-19. With the conversion of this hotel and the October 2019 acquisition of an existing independent boutique hotel in Richmond, Virginia, the Company has two independent boutique hotels with a combined total of 263 rooms.
Share Repurchases
In addition to continually considering opportunities to invest in rooms-focused hotels, the Company also monitors the trading price of its common shares and repurchases its common shares when it believes there is an opportunity to increase shareholder value. In May 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an extension of its existing share repurchase program, authorizing share repurchases up to an aggregate of $345 million (the “Share Repurchase Program”). During the first quarter of 2020, the Company purchased approximately 1.5 million of its common shares under its existing share repurchase program at a weighted-average market purchase price of approximately $9.42 per common share for an aggregate
purchase price, including commissions, of approximately $14.3 million, and did not engage in additional repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program during the balance of 2020. In March 2020 the Company terminated its written trading plan under the Share Repurchase Program. Repurchases under the share repurchase program have been funded, and the Company intends to fund future repurchases, with availability under its credit facilities subject to any applicable restrictions under the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. As discussed in Note 4 titled “Debt” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, share repurchases are currently subject to certain restrictions that apply during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the terms of the June 2020 amendments to the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. The timing of share repurchases and the number of common shares to be repurchased under the Share Repurchase Program will also depend upon prevailing market conditions, regulatory requirements and other factors.
See Note 7 titled “Shareholders’ Equity” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information concerning the share repurchase program.
Hotel Industry and Competition
The hotel industry is highly competitive. Each of the Company’s hotels competes for guests primarily with other hotels in its immediate vicinity and secondarily with other hotels or lodging facilities in its geographic market. An increase in the number of competitive hotels or other lodging facilities in a particular area could have a material adverse effect on the occupancy, ADR and RevPAR of the Company’s hotels in that area. The Company believes that brand recognition, location, price and quality (of both the hotel and the services provided) are the principal competitive factors affecting the Company’s hotels. Additionally, general economic conditions, both in a particular market and nationally, impact the performance of the hotel industry.
Management and Franchise Agreements
Substantially all of the Company’s hotels operate under Marriott or Hilton brands, and as of December 31, 2020, consisted of the following:
Number of Hotels and Guest Rooms by Brand
Number of
Number of
Brand
Hotels
Rooms
Hilton Garden Inn
5,667
Hampton
4,986
Courtyard
4,948
Residence Inn
3,939
Homewood Suites
3,731
SpringHill Suites
1,705
Fairfield
1,300
Home2 Suites
1,146
TownePlace Suites
Marriott
Embassy Suites
Hyatt Place
Independent
Hyatt House
Total
29,937
Each of the Company’s 234 hotels owned as of December 31, 2020 is operated and managed under separate management agreements with 17 hotel management companies, none of which are affiliated with the Company. The management agreements generally provide for initial terms of one to 30 years and are terminable by the Company for either failure to achieve performance thresholds or without cause. As of December 31, 2020, over 80% of the Company’s hotels operate under a variable management fee agreement, with an average initial term of approximately one to two years, which the Company believes better aligns incentives for each hotel manager to maximize each property’s performance than a base-plus-incentive management fee structure, as described below, which is more common throughout the industry. Under the variable fee structure, the management fee earned for each hotel is generally within a range of 2.5% to 3.5% of gross revenues, based on each hotel’s performance relative to other hotels owned by the Company. The performance measures are
based on various financial and quality performance metrics. The Company’s remaining hotels operate under a management fee structure which generally includes the payment of base management fees and an opportunity for incentive management fees. Under this structure, base management fees are calculated as a percentage of gross revenues and the incentive management fees are calculated as a percentage of operating profit in excess of a priority return to the Company, as defined in the management agreements. In addition to the above, management fees for all of the Company’s hotels generally include accounting fees and other fees for centralized services, which are allocated among all of the hotels that receive the benefit of such services. During 2020, in response to COVID-19 and its impact on hotel performance, the management fee under all variable management fee agreements was set to 3% of gross revenues.
Fifteen of the Company’s hotels are managed by affiliates of Marriott or Hilton. The remainder of the Company’s hotels are managed by companies that are not affiliated with either Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt, and, as a result, the branded hotels they manage were required to obtain separate franchise agreements with each respective franchisor. The franchise agreements generally provide for initial terms of approximately 10 to 30 years and generally provide for renewals subject to franchise requirements at the time of renewal. The Company pays various fees under these agreements, including the payment of royalty fees, marketing fees, reservation fees, a communications support fee, brand loyalty program fees and other similar fees based on room revenues.
The franchise and/or management agreements provide a variety of benefits for the Company, which include national advertising, publicity, and other marketing programs designed to increase brand awareness, training of personnel, continuous review of quality standards, centralized reservation systems and best practices within the industry.
Hotel Maintenance and Renovation
Management routinely monitors the condition and operations of its hotels and plans renovations and other improvements as it deems prudent. The Company’s hotels have an ongoing need for renovation and refurbishment. To maintain and enhance each property’s competitive position in its market, the Company has invested in and plans to continue to reinvest in its hotels. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s capital improvements for its hotels were approximately $37.6 million, $78.7 million and $71.1 million, respectively. Expenditures for 2020 were lower than previous years due to the postponement of all non-essential capital improvement projects as a result of COVID-19. During 2021, the Company anticipates investing approximately $25 to $30 million in capital improvements, subject to improved operating results and cash flow restrictions under the Company’s amended unsecured facilities, as discussed further in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Financing
The Company’s principal daily sources of liquidity are the operating cash flow generated from the Company’s properties and availability under its revolving credit facility. Depending on market conditions, the Company also may enter into additional secured and unsecured debt financing or issue common shares through equity offerings, such as the Company’s at-the-market offering program described below. The Company anticipates that funds from these sources will be adequate to meet its anticipated liquidity requirements, including debt service, potential near-term shortfalls in operating cash flow resulting from the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, hotel acquisitions, hotel renovations, share repurchases, and required distributions to shareholders.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $1.5 billion of total outstanding debt with a combined weighted-average interest rate, including the effect of interest rate swaps, of approximately 3.86%, consisting of approximately $512.8 million in outstanding mortgage debt secured by 33 properties, with maturity dates ranging from May 2021 to May 2038 and stated interest rates ranging from 3.14% to 6.25%, and approximately $975.8 million in outstanding debt under its unsecured credit facilities with maturity dates ranging from July 2022 to March 2030 and effective interest rates, including the effect of interest rate swaps, ranging from 2.33% to 5.39%.
The Company’s unused borrowing capacity under its $425 million revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2020 was $319.2 million, which is available for acquisitions, hotel renovations, share repurchases, working capital and other general corporate funding purposes, including the payment of distributions to shareholders, subject to certain restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, as discussed further in Note 4 titled “Debt” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As discussed above, the Company has historically maintained and plans in the future to maintain relatively low leverage as compared to the real estate industry as a whole and the lodging sector in particular. The Company’s ratio of total debt to total capitalization as of December 31, 2020 was 34.0%. The Company intends to maintain staggered maturities of its debt, utilize unsecured debt when available and fix the rate on a portion of its debt. All of these strategies reduce shareholder
risk related to the Company’s financing structure. As a result of COVID-19 and the associated disruption to the Company’s operating results, in April 2020 the Company anticipated that it may not be able to maintain compliance with certain covenants under each of its unsecured credit facilities in future periods. As a result, on June 5, 2020, the Company entered into amendments to each of the unsecured credit facilities. The amendments suspend the testing of the Company’s existing financial maintenance covenants under the unsecured credit facilities until the date the compliance certificate is required to be delivered for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021 (unless the Company elects an earlier date) (the “Covenant Waiver Period”), and provide for certain restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period. Additionally, the Company anticipates entering into further amendments to each of its unsecured credit facilities, among other things, to extend the Covenant Waiver Period due to the ongoing economic impact of COVID-19. Although the Company anticipates completing these amendments in the near future, they have not yet been finalized and no assurances can be given as to the final terms of the amendments or that the Company will be able to complete the amendments. See Note 4 titled “Debt” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company’s debt, including the amendments and potential further amendments mentioned above.
The Company has a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-231021) that was automatically effective upon filing on April 25, 2019. The Company may offer an indeterminate number or amount, as the case may be, of (1) common shares, no par value per share; (2) preferred shares, no par value per share; (3) depository shares representing the Company’s preferred shares; (4) warrants exercisable for the Company’s common shares, preferred shares or depository shares representing preferred shares; (5) rights to purchase common shares; and (6) unsecured senior or subordinate debt securities, all of which may be issued from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. On August 12, 2020, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $300 million of its common shares under an at-the-market offering program (the “2020 ATM Program”). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not sold any common shares under the 2020 ATM Program. The Company plans to use the net proceeds from the sale of these shares to pay down borrowings on its revolving credit facility and, under certain circumstances, to repay proportionally amounts under each of the Company’s revolving credit facility, term loans and senior notes. The Company plans to use the corresponding increased availability under the revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes which may include, among other things, acquisitions of additional properties, the repayment of other outstanding indebtedness, capital expenditures, improvement of properties in its portfolio and working capital, subject to certain restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, as discussed further in Note 4 titled “Debt” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Future offerings will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company, including market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common shares and opportunities for uses of any proceeds.
Distribution Policy
The Company has historically paid distributions on a monthly basis, with distributions based on anticipated cash generated from operations. The Company attempts to set a rate that can be consistent over a period of time as it forecasts its cash available from operations. As a result of COVID-19 and the impact on its business, the Company suspended its monthly distributions in March 2020. The Company’s Board of Directors, in consultation with management, will continue to monitor hotel operations and intends to resume distributions at a time and level determined to be prudent in relation to the Company’s other cash requirements or in order to maintain its REIT status for federal income tax purposes, subject to any applicable distribution restrictions under the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. As discussed in Note 4 titled “Debt” in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, distributions are currently subject to certain restrictions that apply during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the terms of the June 2020 amendments to the Company’s unsecured credit facilities.
Insurance
The Company maintains insurance coverage for general liability, property, business interruption, cyber threats and other risks with respect to all of its hotels. These policies offer coverage features and insured limits that the Company believes are customary for similar types of properties in similar locations. However, various types of catastrophic losses, like earthquakes, hurricanes, or certain types of terrorism, may not be insurable or may not be economically insurable.
Environmental Matters
The Company’s hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that address a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, storage tanks, air emissions from emergency generators, storm water and waste water discharges, lead-based paint, mold and mildew and waste management, and impose
liability for contamination. In connection with each of the Company’s hotel acquisitions, the Company reviewed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment and additional environmental reports and surveys, as were necessitated by the preliminary report. Based on the reports, the Company is not aware of any environmental situations requiring remediation at the Company’s properties, which have not been, or are not currently being remediated as necessary. No material remediation costs have occurred or are expected to occur. Under various laws, owners as well as tenants and operators of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up or remove hazardous substances present at or migrating from properties they own, lease or operate and may be held liable for property damage or personal injuries that result from hazardous substances. These laws also expose the Company to the possibility that it may become liable to reimburse governments for damages and costs they incur in connection with hazardous substances.
Human Capital
The Company believes that each of its 66 team members (as of December 31, 2020) plays a vital role in the success of the organization. Management aims to provide an inspiring, inclusive work environment where employees feel valued, empowered and encouraged to make positive differences within the Company and throughout their communities, with a belief that the most successful management provides clear leadership while empowering the team to make timely and responsible decisions and to take actions necessary to achieve exceptional operating results. The Company is committed to diversity and inclusion and does not tolerate discrimination or harassment in the workplace.
The Company offers competitive compensation and benefits, a flexible leave policy, fully paid parental leave, an education reimbursement program, and a culture that encourages balance of work and personal life. The Company provides its employees with two days paid leave each year for volunteer work and donation matching to support non-profit organizations. The Company emphasizes an open-door policy for communications and conducts regular employee satisfaction surveys, which provide the opportunity for continuous improvement.
The Company is committed to working safely and maintaining a safe workplace in compliance with cleanliness guidelines set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and in compliance with applicable Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) standards.
During 2020, all employees involved in the day-to-day operation of the Company’s hotels were employed by one of 17 third-party management companies engaged pursuant to the hotel management agreements.
Sustainability
The Company established a formal energy management program in 2018 to ensure that energy, water and waste management are a priority not only within the Company, but also with the Company’s management companies. In addition to being more operationally efficient, rooms-focused hotels are more environmentally efficient than full service hotels and resorts. With less open or unused space and less equipment needed for operating than full service hotels, rooms-focused hotels use less electricity, water and natural gas on a per-square-foot basis than full service or resort hotels. In addition to its overall strategy of investing in rooms-focused hotels, the Company is committed to identifying and incorporating sustainability opportunities into its investment and asset management strategies, with a focus on minimizing its environmental impact through reductions in energy and water consumption and improvements in waste management. The Company seeks to invest in proven sustainability practices when renovating its hotels and in portfolio-wide capital projects that can enhance asset value while also improving environmental performance. For example, the Company has realized cost savings and reductions in its carbon footprint through the installation of LED lighting, energy management systems, smart irrigation systems and the use of energy and water conservation guidelines at the property level with 96% of the Company’s portfolio as of December 31, 2019 enrolled in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star program. Additionally, as part of the Company’s acquisition due diligence, the Company performs sustainability assessments to identify areas of opportunity that will improve the property’s environmental performance, and when working with developers to construct new hotels, strives to implement environmentally efficient construction and building functionality.
Social Engagement
The Company is committed to strengthening its communities through charitable giving, encouraging employees to volunteer their time and talents, and participation in the many philanthropic programs important to its employees and leaders within its industry, including its brands, the American Hotel & Lodging Association and its hotel management companies. In 2017, the Company formed Apple Gives, an employee-led charitable organization, to expand its impact and further advance the achievement of the Company’s corporate philanthropic goals. Apple Gives organizes company-wide community events with charitable organizations, deploys aid to markets and associates affected by natural disasters, and allocates funds and
other resources to a variety of causes. Apple Gives strives to select organizations that are important to the Company’s employees, the Company’s third-party management companies, its hotels and numerous industry organizations. Since Apple Gives was formed, the Company has contributed to more than 90 non-profit organizations, including through company-matched donations, and employees have devoted more than 480 hours volunteering and fundraising for a variety of charitable organizations. The Company’s hotels and third-party management companies are engaged in targeted charitable programs that provide support to their respective communities, and hotel associates are encouraged to serve in ways that improve their localities. The Company’s third-party management companies donate to food drives, participate in charity walks and bike rides, assemble care packages, donate school supplies, provide disaster relief, and pursue numerous other altruistic initiatives.
Seasonality
The hotel industry has been historically seasonal in nature. Seasonal variations in occupancy at the Company’s hotels may cause quarterly fluctuations in its revenues. Generally, occupancy rates and hotel revenues for the Company’s hotels are greater in the second and third quarters than in the first and fourth quarters. However, due to the effects of COVID-19, these typical seasonal patterns did not have as significant of an impact on the overall fluctuations in occupancy rates and hotel revenues in the first half of 2020, although the Company experienced some seasonal decrease in demand in November and December. To the extent that cash flow from operations is insufficient during any quarter, due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in revenue, the Company expects to utilize cash on hand or available financing sources to meet cash requirements.
Related Parties
The Company has, and is expected to continue to engage in, transactions with related parties. These transactions cannot be construed to be at arm’s length and the results of the Company’s operations may be different if these transactions were conducted with non-related parties. Certain employees of the Company also provide support services to Apple Realty Group, Inc. (“ARG”), which is wholly owned by Glade M. Knight, Executive Chairman of the Company. ARG reimburses the Company for the support services that it receives.
See Note 6 titled “Related Parties” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information concerning the Company’s related party transactions.
Website Access
The address of the Company’s Internet website is www.applehospitalityreit.com. The Company makes available free of charge through its Internet website its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. Information contained on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference into this report.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
The Company has identified the following significant risk factors which may affect, among other things, the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, operating cash flow, market value, and ability to service its debt obligations and make distributions to its shareholders. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the risks disclosed by the Company in other filings with the SEC, in addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Risks Related to the Company’s Business and Operations
The current widespread outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly adversely impacted and disrupted, and is expected to continue to significantly adversely impact and disrupt, the Company’s business, financial performance and condition, operating results and cash flows, as could any future outbreak of another highly infectious or contagious disease.
The outbreak of COVID-19, including resurgences and new variants, has had and continues to have a detrimental impact on, and another pandemic in the future could similarly impact, regional and global economies and financial markets. The global, national and local impact of the outbreak has been rapidly evolving and many countries, including the U.S., and state and local governments have reacted by instituting a wide variety of measures intended to control its spread, including states of emergency, mandatory quarantines, implementing “stay at home” orders, business closures, border closings, and restricting travel and large gatherings, which has resulted in cancellation of events, including sporting events, conferences
and meetings. The pandemic has triggered a period of material global economic slowdown and the National Bureau of Economic Research declared that the U.S. has been in a recession since February 2020.
The effects of the pandemic on the hotel industry are unprecedented. COVID-19 has disrupted the industry and has dramatically reduced travel, which has had a significant adverse impact, and management expects COVID-19, including new variants, will continue to significantly adversely impact and disrupt the Company’s business, financial performance and condition, operating results and cash flows. Since March 2020, the Company has experienced a significant decline in revenue throughout its portfolio which the Company expects to continue for an extended period of time. Substantially all of the Company’s properties are currently operating at reduced levels and the Company has reduced certain services and amenities. Although currently all of the Company’s hotels are open, the Company may need or elect to temporarily suspend operations at properties in the future depending on the length and severity of COVID-19 and related effects, including any increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. If operations at the Company’s hotel properties are suspended, the Company cannot give any assurance as to when they will resume operations at a full or reduced level.
Additional factors that would negatively impact the Company’s ability to successfully operate during or following COVID-19 or another pandemic, or that could otherwise significantly adversely impact and disrupt its business, financial performance and condition, operating results and cash flows, include:
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sustained negative consumer or business sentiment or continued corporate travel policy restrictions, including beyond the end of COVID-19, which could further adversely impact demand for lodging;
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continued postponement and cancellation of events, including sporting events, conferences and meetings;
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hotel closures and the Company’s ability to reopen hotels that are temporarily closed in a timely manner, and its ability to attract customers to its hotels when they are able to reopen;
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a severe disruption or instability in the global financial markets or deterioration in credit and financing conditions;
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continued increased costs and potential difficulty accessing supplies, such as personal protective equipment, to maintain hotels, including hotels that are not in operation, and increased sanitation, social distancing and other mitigation measures at hotels;
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continued increased labor costs to attract employees due to perceived risk of exposure to COVID-19, as well as potential for increased workers’ compensation claims if hotel employees are exposed to COVID-19 through the workplace; and
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increased susceptibility to litigation related to, among other things, the financial impacts of COVID-19 on the Company’s business or litigation related to individuals contracting COVID-19 as a result of alleged exposures on the Company’s premises.
The results of these factors could include:
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continued decreased demand resulting in hotel properties not generating revenue sufficient to meet operating expenses, which may adversely affect the value of the Company’s hotel properties, potentially requiring the Company to recognize significant non-cash impairment charges or other significant unanticipated cash or non-cash costs;
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the further scaling back and delay of a significant amount of the Company’s planned capital expenditures, including planned renovation projects, which could adversely affect the value of the Company’s properties;
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a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to consummate acquisitions and dispositions of hotel properties;
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continued suspension of the Company’s monthly distributions or a change in the amount or frequency of distributions when the Company resumes paying distributions;
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increased indebtedness and sustained or further decreases in operating results, which could increase the Company’s risk of default under its loan agreements or other long-term contracts;
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inability of the Company to maintain compliance with certain covenants in its unsecured credit facilities and the need to seek amendments to such facilities in the future, which could result in concessions from the Company, such as increased interest rates;
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increased volatility of the Company’s stock price;
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disruptions in the Company’s supply chains, which may increase costs for essential capital improvements or may impact hotels that are under development and that the Company expects to acquire following completion;
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declines in regional and local economies, reducing travel to and from the localities;
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increased risk that the Company could be required to close on the purchase under its existing contracts for newly developed hotels, where the hotel is not legally allowed to open due to temporary regulations resulting from COVID-19 mitigation;
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increased risk in the Company’s ability to retain and the continued service and availability of personnel, including the Company’s senior leadership team and key field personnel, such as general managers, and the Company’s ability to recruit, attract and retain skilled personnel to the extent its management or personnel are impacted by the outbreak of pandemic or epidemic disease and are not available or allowed to conduct work;
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disruptions as a result of corporate employees working remotely, including risk of cybersecurity incidents and disruptions to internal control procedures; and
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difficulty accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all, under the Company’s secured and unsecured indebtedness, or capital necessary to fund business operations or address maturing liabilities.
Moreover, many risk factors set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should be interpreted as heightened risks as a result of the ongoing and numerous adverse impacts of COVID-19.
The extent and duration of the impacts caused by COVID-19 on the Company’s business, including financial condition, operating results and cash flows, remains largely uncertain and dependent on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted at this time, such as the continued severity, duration, transmission rate and geographic spread of COVID-19 in the U.S., the speed of the vaccine roll-out, the effectiveness, acceptance and availability of vaccines, the duration of associated immunity and efficacy of the vaccines against emerging variants of COVID-19, the extent and effectiveness of actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact, the timing of and manner in which containment efforts are reduced or lifted, and the response of the overall economy, the financial markets and the population, particularly in areas in which the Company operates, as containment measures are reduced or lifted. As a result, the Company cannot provide an estimate of the overall impact of COVID-19 on its business or when, or if, the Company will be able to resume pre-COVID-19 levels of operations. COVID-19 presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company’s business, financial performance and condition, operating results and cash flows.
The Company is subject to various risks which are common to the hotel industry on a national, regional and local market basis that are beyond its control and could adversely affect its business.
The success of the Company’s hotels depends largely on the hotel operators’ ability to adapt to dominant trends and risks in the hotel industry, both nationally and in individual local markets. These risks could adversely affect hotel occupancy and the rates that can be charged for hotel rooms as well as hotel operating expenses. The following is a summary of risks that may affect the hotel industry in general and as a result may affect the Company:
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over-building of hotels in the markets in which the Company operates, resulting in an increase in supply of hotel rooms that exceeds increases in demand;
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competition from other hotels and lodging alternatives in the markets in which the Company operates;
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a downturn in the hospitality industry;
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dependence on business and leisure travel;
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increases in energy costs and other travel expenses, which may affect travel patterns and reduce business and leisure travel;
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reduced business and leisure travel due to geo-political uncertainty, including terrorism, travel-related health concerns, including the widespread outbreak of infectious or contagious diseases in the U.S., inclement weather conditions, including natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and wildfires, and government shutdowns, airline strikes or other disruptions;
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reduced travel due to adverse national, regional or local economic and market conditions;
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seasonality of the hotel industry may cause quarterly fluctuations in operating results;
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changes in marketing and distribution for the hospitality industry including the cost and the ability of third-party internet and other travel intermediaries to attract and retain customers;
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changes in hotel room demand generators in a local market;
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ability of a hotel franchise to fulfill its obligations to franchisees;
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brand expansion;
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the performance of third-party managers of the Company’s hotels;
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increases in operating costs, including ground lease payments, property and casualty insurance, utilities and real estate and personal property taxes, due to inflation and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates;
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labor shortages and other increases in the cost of labor due to low unemployment rates or to government regulations surrounding work rules, wage rates, health care coverage and other benefits;
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changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
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business interruptions due to cyber-attacks and other technological events;
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requirements for periodic capital reinvestment to repair and upgrade hotels;
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limited alternative uses for hotel buildings; and
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condemnation or uninsured losses.
Any of these factors, among others, may reduce the Company’s operating results, the value of the properties that the Company owns, and the availability of capital to the Company.
Economic conditions in the U.S. and individual markets may adversely affect the Company’s business operations and financial performance.
The performance of the lodging industry has historically been highly cyclical and closely linked to the performance of the general economy both nationally and within local markets in the U.S. The lodging industry is also sensitive to government, business and personal discretionary spending levels. Declines in government and corporate budgets and consumer demand due to adverse general economic conditions, risks affecting or reducing travel patterns, lower consumer confidence or adverse political conditions have lowered and may continue to lower the revenue and profitability of the Company’s hotels and therefore the net operating profits of its investments. An economic downturn or prolonged economic recession, including lower GDP growth, corporate earnings, consumer confidence, employment rates, income levels and personal wealth, has led and may continue to lead to a significant decline in demand for products and services provided by the lodging industry, lower occupancy levels and significantly reduced room rates. The Company cannot predict the pace or duration of an economic recession or cycle or the cycles of the lodging industry. In the event conditions in the industry deteriorate or do not continue to see sustained improvement, or there is an extended period of economic weakness, the Company’s revenue and profitability could be adversely affected. Furthermore, even if the economy in the U.S. improves, the Company cannot provide any assurances that demand for hotels will increase from current levels, nationally or more specifically, where the Company’s properties are located.
In addition, many of the expenses associated with the Company’s business, including certain personnel costs, interest expense, ground leases, property taxes, insurance and utilities, are relatively fixed. During a period of overall economic weakness, if the Company is unable to meaningfully decrease these costs as demand for its hotels decreases, the Company’s business operations and financial performance may be adversely affected.
The Company is affected by restrictions in, and compliance with, its franchise and license agreements.
The Company’s wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) (or subsidiaries thereof) operate substantially all of its hotels pursuant to franchise or license agreements with nationally recognized hotel brands. These franchise and license agreements contain specific standards for, and restrictions and limitations on, the operation and maintenance of the Company’s hotels in order to maintain uniformity within the franchisor system. The Company may be required to incur costs to comply with these standards and these standards could potentially conflict with the Company’s ability to create specific business plans tailored to each property and to each market. Failure to comply with these brand standards may result in termination of the applicable franchise or license agreement. In addition, as the Company’s franchise and license agreements expire, the Company may not be able to renew them on favorable terms, or at all. If the Company were to lose or was unable to renew a franchise or license agreement, the Company would be required to re-brand the hotel, which could result in a decline in the value of the hotel, the loss of marketing support and participation in guest loyalty programs, and harm to the Company’s relationship with the franchisor, impeding the Company’s ability to operate other hotels under the same brand. Additionally, the franchise and license agreements have provisions that could limit the Company’s ability to sell or finance a hotel which could further affect the Company.
Substantially all of the Company’s hotels operate under Marriott or Hilton brands; therefore, the Company is subject to risks associated with concentrating its portfolio in these brand families.
Substantially all of the Company’s hotels operate under brands owned by Marriott or Hilton. As a result, the Company’s success is dependent in part on the continued success of Marriott and Hilton and their respective brands. The Company believes that building brand value is critical to increase demand and strengthen customer loyalty. Consequently, if market recognition or the positive perception of any of these brands is reduced or compromised, the goodwill associated with the Marriott or Hilton branded hotels in the Company’s portfolio may be adversely affected. Also, if Marriott or Hilton alter certain policies, including their respective guest loyalty programs, this could reduce the Company’s future revenues. Furthermore, if the Company’s relationship with Marriott or Hilton were to deteriorate or terminate as a result of disputes regarding the Company’s hotels or for other reasons, the franchisors could, under certain circumstances, terminate the Company’s current franchise licenses with them or decline to provide franchise licenses for hotels that the Company may acquire in the future. If any of the foregoing were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Although substantially all of the Company’s hotels operate under the brands noted above, the Company owns and may from time to time acquire independent hotels or hotels affiliated with other brands, and/or may choose to operate hotels independently of a brand if the Company believes that these properties will operate most effectively as independent hotels. However, without the support and recognition of a large established brand, the capability of these independent or less recognized branded hotels to market the hotel, maintain guest loyalty, attract new guests, and operate in a cost-effective manner may be difficult, which could adversely affect the Company’s overall operating results.
Competition in the markets where the Company owns hotels may adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.
The hotel industry is highly competitive. Each of the Company’s hotels competes for guests primarily with other hotels in its immediate vicinity and secondarily with other hotels in its geographic market. The Company also competes with numerous owners and operators of vacation ownership resorts, as well as alternative lodging companies, including third-party providers of short-term rental properties and serviced apartments that can be rented on a nightly, weekly or monthly basis. An increase in the number of competitive hotels, vacation ownership resorts and alternative lodging arrangements in a particular area could have a material adverse effect on the occupancy, ADR and RevPAR of the Company’s hotels in that area and lower the Company’s revenue and profitability.
The Company is dependent on third-party hotel managers to operate its hotels and could be adversely affected if such management companies do not manage the hotels successfully.
To maintain its status as a REIT, the Company is not permitted to operate any of its hotels. As a result, the Company has entered into management agreements with third-party managers to operate its hotels. For this reason, the Company’s ability to direct and control how its hotels are operated is less than if the Company were able to manage its hotels directly. Under the terms of the hotel management agreements, the Company’s ability to participate in operating decisions regarding its hotels is limited to certain matters, and it does not have the authority to require any hotel to be operated in a particular manner (for instance, setting room rates). The Company does not supervise any of the hotel managers or their respective personnel on a day-to-day basis. The Company cannot be assured that the hotel managers will manage its hotels in a manner that is consistent with their respective obligations under the applicable management agreement or the Company’s obligations under its hotel franchise agreements. The Company could be materially and adversely affected if any of its third-party managers fail to effectively manage revenues and expenses, provide quality services and amenities, or otherwise fail to
manage its hotels in its best interest, and may be financially responsible for the actions and inactions of the managers. In certain situations, based on the terms of the applicable management agreement, the Company or manager may terminate the agreement. In the event that any of the Company’s management agreements are terminated, the Company can provide no assurance that it could identify a replacement manager, that the franchisor will consent to the replacement manager in a timely manner, or at all, or that the replacement manager will manage the hotel successfully. A failure by the Company’s hotel managers to successfully manage its hotels could lead to an increase in its operating expenses, a decrease in its revenues, or both. Furthermore, if one of the Company’s third-party managers is financially unable or unwilling to perform its obligations pursuant to its management agreements with the Company, the Company’s ability to find a replacement manager or managers for those properties could be costly and time-consuming for the Company and disrupt hotel operations which could materially and adversely affect the Company.
The growing use of non-franchisor lodging distribution channels could adversely affect the Company’s business and profitability.
Although a majority of rooms sold are sold through the hotel franchisors’ distribution channels, a growing number of the Company’s hotel rooms are sold through other channels or intermediaries. Rooms sold through non-franchisors’ channels are generally less profitable (after associated fees) than rooms sold through franchisors’ channels. Although the Company’s franchisors may have established agreements with many of these alternative channels or intermediaries that limit transaction fees for hotels, there can be no assurance that the Company’s franchisors will be able to renegotiate such agreements upon their expiration with terms as favorable as the provisions that exist today. Moreover, alternative channels or intermediaries may employ aggressive marketing strategies, including expending significant resources for online and television advertising campaigns to drive consumers to their websites. As a result, consumers may develop brand loyalties to the intermediaries’ offered brands, websites and reservations systems rather than to those of the Company’s franchisors. If this happens, the Company’s business and profitability may be materially and adversely affected.
Renovations and capital improvements at the Company’s existing hotels or new hotel developments may reduce the Company’s profitability.
The Company has ongoing needs for hotel renovations and capital improvements, including maintenance requirements and updates to brand standards under all of its hotel franchise and management agreements and certain loan agreements. In addition, from time to time the Company will need to make renovations and capital improvements to comply with applicable laws and regulations, to remain competitive with other hotels and to maintain the economic value of its hotels. As properties increase in age, the frequency and cost of renovations needed to maintain appealing facilities for hotel guests may increase. The Company may also need to make significant capital improvements to hotels that it acquires, or may be involved in the development of new hotels. Construction delays and cost overruns, including increases in the costs of labor, goods and materials, could have the effect of increasing renovation or development costs for the Company and delaying the acquisition or opening of hotels or the length of time that rooms are out of service. Occupancy and ADR are often affected during periods of renovations and capital improvements at a hotel, especially if the Company encounters delays, or if the improvements require significant disruption at the hotel. The costs of renovations and capital improvements the Company needs or chooses to make at the Company’s existing hotels, or the costs related to the development of new hotels, could reduce the funds available for other purposes and may reduce the Company’s profitability.
Certain hotels are subject to ground leases that may affect the Company’s ability to use the hotel or restrict its ability to sell the hotel.
As of December 31, 2020, 15 of the Company’s hotels were subject to ground leases. Accordingly, the Company effectively only owns a long-term leasehold interest in these hotels. If the Company is found to be in breach of a ground lease, it could lose the right to use the hotel. In addition, unless the Company can purchase a fee interest in the underlying land or renew the terms of these leases before their expiration, as to which no assurance can be given, the Company will lose its right to operate these properties and its interest in the property, including any investment that it made in the property. The Company’s ability to exercise any extension options relating to its ground leases is subject to the condition that the Company is not in default under the terms of the ground lease at the time that it exercises such options, and the Company can provide no assurances that it will be able to exercise any available options at such time. If the Company were to lose the right to use a hotel due to a breach or non-renewal of a ground lease, it would be unable to derive income from such hotel. Finally, the Company may not be permitted to sell or finance a hotel subject to a ground lease without the consent of the lessor.
The Company may not be able to complete hotel dispositions when and as anticipated.
The Company continually monitors the profitability of its hotels, market conditions, and capital requirements and attempts to maximize shareholder value by timely disposal of its hotels. Real estate investments are, in general, relatively
difficult to sell due to, among other factors, the size of the required investment and the volatility in availability of adequate financing for a potential buyer. This illiquidity will tend to limit the Company’s ability to promptly vary its portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Additionally, factors specific to an individual property, such as its specific market and operating performance, restrictions in franchise and management agreements, debt secured by the property, a ground lease, or capital expenditure needs may further increase the difficulty in selling a property. Therefore, the Company cannot predict whether it will be able to sell any hotels on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, provisions of the Code relating to REITs have certain limits on the Company’s ability to sell hotels.
Real estate impairment losses may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
As a result of changes in an individual hotel’s operating results or to the Company’s planned hold period for a hotel, the Company may be required to record an impairment loss for a property. The Company analyzes its hotel properties individually for indicators of impairment throughout the year. The Company records an impairment loss on a hotel property if indicators of impairment are present, and the sum of the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the respective property over its estimated remaining useful life, based on historical and industry data, is less than the property’s carrying amount. Indicators of impairment include, but are not limited to, a property with current or potential losses from operations, when it becomes more likely than not that a property will be sold before the end of its previously estimated useful life or when events, trends, contingencies or changes in circumstances indicate that a triggering event has occurred and an asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable.
The Company’s failure to identify and complete accretive acquisitions may adversely affect the profitability of the Company.
The Company’s business strategy includes identifying and completing accretive hotel acquisitions. The Company competes with other investors who are engaged in the acquisition of hotels, and these competitors may affect the supply and demand dynamics and, accordingly, increase the price the Company must pay for hotels it seeks to acquire, or these competitors may succeed in acquiring those hotels. Any delay or failure on the Company’s part to identify, negotiate, finance on favorable terms, consummate and integrate such acquisitions could materially impede the Company’s growth. The Company may also incur costs that it cannot recover if it abandons a potential acquisition. Also, if the Company does not reinvest proceeds received from hotel dispositions into new properties in a timely manner, the Company’s profitability could be negatively impacted. The Company’s profitability may also suffer because future acquisitions of hotels may not yield the returns the Company expects and the integration of such acquisitions may disrupt the Company’s business or may take longer than projected.
The Company’s inability to obtain financing on favorable terms or pay amounts due on its financing may adversely affect the Company’s operating results.
Although the Company anticipates maintaining relatively low levels of debt, it may periodically use financing to acquire properties, perform renovations to its properties, or make shareholder distributions or share repurchases in periods of fluctuating income from its properties. The credit markets have historically been volatile and subject to increased regulation, and as a result, the Company may not be able to obtain debt financing to meet its cash requirements, including refinancing any scheduled debt maturities, which may adversely affect its ability to execute its business strategy. If the Company refinances debt, such refinancing may not be in the same amount or on terms as favorable as the terms of the existing debt being refinanced. If the Company is unable to refinance its debt, it may be forced to dispose of hotels or issue equity at inopportune times or on disadvantageous terms, which could result in higher costs of capital.
The Company is also subject to risks associated with increases in interest rates with respect to the Company’s variable-rate debt which could reduce cash from operations. In addition, the Company has used interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risks on a portion of its variable-rate debt, and in the future, it may use hedging arrangements, such as interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to interest rate volatility. The Company’s actual hedging decisions are determined in light of the facts and circumstances existing at the time of the hedge. There is no assurance that the Company’s hedging strategy will achieve its objectives, and the Company may be subject to costs, such as transaction fees or breakage costs, if it terminates these hedging arrangements.
Replacement of LIBOR as the reference interest rate under the Company’s variable-rate debt and hedging arrangements could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
The Company’s variable-rate debt and hedging arrangements use the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) as the reference rate. LIBOR is expected to be phased out after 2021, and accordingly, the Company expects a transition from
LIBOR to another reference rate in the near term. The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is published by the New York Federal Reserve, has been proposed as the alternative to LIBOR as a reference rate. In October 2020, after a number of industry consultations, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association published a LIBOR transition protocol, to which the Company has confirmed its adherence. Despite progress made to date by regulators and industry participants to prepare for the anticipated discontinuation of LIBOR, significant uncertainties still remain. In the event that LIBOR is discontinued, the interest rate for the Company’s variable-rate debt and the swap rate for its interest rate swaps following such event will be based on an alternative reference rate as specified in the applicable documentation governing such debt or swaps or as otherwise agreed upon. Such an event would not affect the Company’s ability to borrow or maintain already outstanding borrowings or outstanding swaps, but the alternative reference rate could be higher and more volatile than LIBOR prior to its discontinuance. The Company can provide no assurance regarding the future of LIBOR and when the Company’s variable-rate debt and interest rate swaps will transition from LIBOR as a reference rate to SOFR or another replacement reference rate. The transition from LIBOR, or any changes or reforms to the determination of LIBOR, could have an adverse impact on the Company’s interest rates on its current or future indebtedness, as well as its variable-rate hedging arrangements, which could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Compliance with financial and other covenants in the Company’s existing or future debt agreements may reduce operational flexibility and create default risk.
The Company’s existing indebtedness, whether secured by mortgages on certain properties or unsecured, contains, and indebtedness that the Company may enter into in the future likely will contain, customary covenants that may restrict the Company’s operations and limit its ability to enter into future indebtedness. In addition, the Company’s ability to borrow under its unsecured credit facilities is subject to compliance with its financial and other covenants, including, among others, a minimum tangible net worth, maximum debt limits, minimum interest and fixed charge coverage ratios and restrictions on certain investments. The Company’s failure to comply with the covenants in its existing or future indebtedness, or its inability to make required principal and interest payments, could cause a default under the applicable debt agreement, which could result in the acceleration of the debt, requiring the Company to repay such debt with capital obtained from other sources, which may not be available to the Company or may only be available on unfavorable terms.
If the Company defaults on its secured debt, lenders may take possession of the property or properties securing such debt. As a general policy, the Company seeks to obtain mortgages securing indebtedness which encumber only the particular property to which the indebtedness relates, but recourse on these loans may include all of its assets. If recourse on any loan incurred by the Company to acquire or refinance any particular property includes all of its assets, the equity in other properties could be reduced or eliminated through foreclosure on that loan. If a loan is secured by a mortgage on a single property, the Company could lose that property through foreclosure if it defaults on that loan. If the Company defaults under a loan, it is possible that it could become involved in litigation related to matters concerning the loan, and such litigation could result in significant costs for the Company. Additionally, defaulting under a loan may damage the Company’s reputation as a borrower and may limit its ability to secure financing in the future.
Technology is used in operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of that technology from cyber-attacks or other events could harm the Company’s business.
The Company, and its hotel managers and franchisors rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records, personally identifiable information, reservations, billing and operating data. The Company and its hotel managers and franchisors rely on commercially available and internally developed systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of confidential operator and customer information, such as personally identifiable information, including information relating to financial accounts. A number of hotels, hotel management companies, and brands have been subject to successful cyber-attacks, including those seeking guest credit card information. Moreover, the risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, nation-state affiliated actors and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. It is possible that the safety and security measures taken by the Company and its hotel managers and franchisors will not be able to prevent damage to the systems, the systems’ improper functioning, or the improper access or disclosure of personally identifiable information.
Security breaches, whether through physical or electronic break-ins, cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to emails, social engineering or phishing schemes, can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and
availability of information systems could interrupt operations, damage the reputations of the Company, the Company’s hotel managers or franchisors, and subject the Company to liability claims or regulatory penalties that may not be fully covered by insurance, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Potential losses not covered by insurance may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition.
The Company maintains comprehensive insurance coverage for general liability, property, business interruption and other risks with respect to all of its hotels. These policies offer coverage features and insured limits that the Company believes are customary for similar types of properties. There are no assurances that coverage will be available or at reasonable rates in the future. Also, various types of catastrophic losses, like earthquakes, hurricanes, wildfires, or certain types of terrorism, may not be insurable or may not be economically insurable for all or certain locations. Even when insurable, these policies may have high deductibles and/or high premiums. Additionally, although the Company may be insured for a particular loss, the Company is not insured against the impact a catastrophic event may have on the hospitality industry as a whole. There also can be risks such as certain environmental hazards that may be deemed to fall outside of the coverage. In the event of a substantial loss, the Company’s insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover the full current market value or replacement cost of its lost investment. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, the Company could lose all or a portion of the capital it has invested in a hotel, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the hotel. In that event, the Company might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the hotel. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also prevent the Company from using insurance proceeds to replace or renovate a hotel after it has been damaged or destroyed. The Company also may encounter challenges with an insurance provider regarding whether it will pay a particular claim that the Company believes to be covered under the relevant policy. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds the Company receives might be inadequate to restore its economic position in the damaged or destroyed hotel. Additionally, as a result of substantial claims, insurance carriers may reduce insured limits and/or increase premiums, if insurance coverage is provided at all, in the future. Any of these or similar events could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Company faces possible risks associated with the physical effects of, and laws and regulations related to, climate change.
The Company is subject to the risks associated with the physical effects of climate change, which could include more frequent or severe storms, droughts, wildfires, hurricanes and flooding, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s properties, operations and business. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, the markets in which the Company operates could experience increases in storm intensity and rising sea levels causing damage to the Company’s properties. Over time, these conditions could result in declining hotel demand or the Company’s inability to operate the affected hotels at all. Climate change also may have indirect effects on the Company’s business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms the Company finds acceptable, as well as increasing the cost of renovations, energy and water at its properties. The federal government and some of the states and localities in which the Company operates have enacted certain climate change laws and regulations and/or have begun regulating carbon footprints and greenhouse gas emissions, and may enact new laws in the future. Although these laws and regulations have not had any known material adverse effect on the Company to date, they could impact companies with which the Company does business or result in substantial costs to the Company, including compliance costs, construction costs, monitoring and reporting costs and capital expenditures for environmental control facilities and other new equipment. Climate change, and any future laws and regulations, or future interpretations of current laws and regulations, could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
The Company could incur significant, material costs related to government regulation and litigation with respect to environmental matters, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
The Company’s hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local environmental laws that impose liability for contamination. Under these laws, governmental entities have the authority to require the Company, as the current owner of a hotel, to perform or pay for the clean-up of contamination (including hazardous substances, asbestos and asbestos-containing materials, waste, petroleum products or mold) at, on, under or emanating from the hotel and to pay for natural resource damages arising from such contamination. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator or other responsible party knew of, or caused such contamination, and the liability may be joint and several. Because these laws also impose liability on persons who owned or operated a property at the time it became contaminated, it is possible the Company could incur cleanup costs or other environmental liabilities even after it sells or no longer operates hotels. Contamination at, on, under or emanating from the Company’s hotels also may expose it to liability to private parties for the
costs of remediation, personal injury and/or property damage. In addition, environmental laws may create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs required to address such contamination. If contamination is discovered on the Company’s properties, environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which the properties may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures. Moreover, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owner's ability to borrow funds using the property as collateral or to sell the property on favorable terms, or at all. Furthermore, if, as part of the remediation of a contaminated property, the Company were to dispose of certain waste products at a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, the Company may be liable for costs associated with the cleanup of that facility.
In addition, the Company’s hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that address a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, storage tanks, air emissions from emergency generators, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, mold and mildew, and waste management. Some of the Company’s hotels routinely handle and use hazardous or regulated substances and wastes as part of their operations, which are subject to regulation (e.g., swimming pool chemicals and cleaning supplies). The Company’s hotels incur costs to comply with these environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, and could be subject to fines and penalties for non-compliance with applicable requirements.
Liabilities and costs associated with environmental contamination at or emanating from the Company’s hotel properties, defending against claims related to alleged or actual environmental issues, or complying with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations could be material and could materially and adversely affect the Company. The Company can make no assurances that changes in current laws or regulations or future laws or regulations will not impose additional or new material environmental liabilities or that the current environmental condition of its hotels will not be affected by its operations, the condition of the properties in the vicinity of its hotels, or by third parties unrelated to the Company. The discovery of material environmental liabilities at its properties could subject the Company to unanticipated significant costs, which could significantly reduce or eliminate its profitability.
The Company may incur significant costs complying with various regulatory requirements, which could materially and adversely affect the Company.
The Company and its hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local regulatory requirements. These requirements are wide-ranging and include among others, state and local fire and life safety requirements, federal laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Accessibility Guidelines promulgated thereunder and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Liabilities and costs associated with complying with these requirements are and could be material. If the Company fails to comply with these various requirements, it could incur governmental fines or private damage awards. In addition, existing requirements could change, and future requirements might require the Company to make significant unanticipated expenditures, which could have material and adverse effects on the Company.
In addition, as a result of these significant regulations, the Company could become subject to regulatory investigations and lawsuits. Regulatory investigations and lawsuits could result in significant costs to respond and costs of fines or settlements, or changes in the Company’s business practices, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources, and cash flows of the Company. The ability of the Company to access capital markets, including commercial debt markets, could also be negatively impacted by unfavorable, or the possibility of unfavorable, outcomes from adverse regulatory actions or lawsuits.
Risks Related to the Company’s Organization and Structure
The Company’s ownership limitations may restrict or prevent certain acquisitions and transfers of its shares.
In order for the Company to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year following the Company’s first year (the “5/50 Test”). Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own the Company’s shares during at least 335 days of each taxable year (the “100 Shareholder Test”). The Company’s amended and restated articles of incorporation (the “Charter”), with certain exceptions, authorizes the Company’s Board of Directors to take the actions that are necessary and desirable to preserve its qualification as a REIT. In addition to the 5/50 Test and the 100 Shareholder Test, the Company’s Charter provides that no person or entity may directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively, own more than 9.8% of the aggregate of its outstanding common shares or 9.8% of the aggregate of the outstanding preferred shares of any class or series (“share ownership limits”). The Company’s Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, grant an exemption to the share ownership limits, subject to certain conditions and the receipt by the Board of Directors of certain representations and undertakings. In addition, the Board of Directors may change the share ownership limits. The share ownership limits contained in the Charter
key off the ownership at any time by any “person,” which term includes entities, and take into account direct and indirect ownership as determined under various ownership attribution rules in the Code. The share ownership limits might delay or prevent a transaction or a change in the Company’s control that might involve a premium price for the Company’s common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of its shareholders.
The Company’s issuance of preferred shares may adversely affect the voting power or ownership interest of the holders of common shares or limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of the Company.
The Company’s Charter allows the Board of Directors to issue up to 30 million “blank check” preferred shares, without action by shareholders. Preferred shares may be issued on terms determined by the Board of Directors, and may have rights, privileges and preferences superior to those of common shares. Without limiting the foregoing, (i) such preferred shares could have liquidation rights that are senior to the liquidation preference applicable to common shares, (ii) such preferred shares could have voting or conversion rights, which could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common shares, and (iii) the ownership interest of holders of common shares will be diluted following the issuance of any such preferred shares. In addition, the issuance of blank check preferred shares could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change of control of the Company.
Provisions of the Company’s third amended and restated bylaws could inhibit changes in control.
Provisions in the Company’s third amended and restated bylaws may make it difficult for another company to acquire it and for shareholders to receive any related takeover premium for its common shares. Pursuant to the Company’s third amended and restated bylaws, directors are elected by the plurality of votes cast and entitled to vote in the election of directors. However, the Company’s corporate governance guidelines require that if an incumbent director fails to receive at least a majority of the votes cast, such director will tender his or her resignation from the Board of Directors. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors will consider, and determine whether to accept, such resignation. Additionally, the third amended and restated bylaws of the Company have various advance notice provisions that require shareholders to meet certain requirements and deadlines for proposals at an annual meeting of shareholders. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of the Company that might involve a premium to the price of the Company’s common shares or otherwise be in the shareholders’ best interests.
The Company’s Executive Chairman has interests that may conflict with the interests of the Company.
Glade M. Knight, the Company’s Executive Chairman, is and will be a principal in other real estate investment transactions or programs that may compete with the Company, and he is and may be a principal in other business ventures. Mr. Knight’s management and economic interests in these other transactions or programs may conflict with the interests of the Company.
The Company’s executive officers provide services to other companies that may detract from the time devoted to the Company.
The Company’s executive officers and other employees of the Company may devote time to other companies which have been or may be organized by Mr. Knight in the future. Neither Mr. Knight nor any of the other executive officers is required to devote a fixed amount of time and attention to the Company’s business affairs as opposed to the other companies, which could detract from time devoted to the Company.
Tax-Related Risks and Risks Related to the Company’s Status as a REIT
Qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code and failure of the Company to qualify as a REIT would have adverse consequences to the Company and its shareholders.
The Company’s qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize the Company’s REIT qualification. Moreover, new legislation, court decisions or administrative guidance, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for the Company to qualify as a REIT. Maintaining the Company’s qualification as a REIT depends on the Company’s satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. The Company’s ability to satisfy the REIT income and asset tests depends upon the Company’s analysis of the characterization and fair market values of the Company’s assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination and for which the Company will not obtain independent appraisals, and upon the Company’s ability to successfully manage the composition of its income and assets on an ongoing
basis. In addition, the Company’s ability to satisfy the requirements to maintain its qualification as a REIT depends in part on the actions of third parties over which the Company has no control or only limited influence.
If the Company does not qualify as a REIT or if the Company fails to remain qualified as a REIT, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax and potentially state and local taxes, which would reduce the Company’s earnings and the amount of cash available for distribution to its shareholders.
If the Company failed to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and any available relief provisions did not apply, the Company would be subject to U.S. federal and state corporate income tax on its taxable income at the regular corporate rate, and dividends paid to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Company in computing its taxable income. Unless the Company was entitled to statutory relief under certain Code provisions, the Company also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which it failed to qualify as a REIT.
Any determination that the Company does not qualify as a REIT would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and could materially reduce the market price of its common shares. The Company’s additional tax liability could be substantial and would reduce its net earnings available for investment, debt service or distributions to shareholders. Furthermore, the Company would no longer be required to make any distributions to shareholders as a condition to REIT qualification and all of its distributions to shareholders would be taxable as ordinary C corporation dividends to the extent of its current and accumulated earnings and profits. The Company’s failure to qualify as a REIT also could cause an event of default under loan documents governing its debt.
Even if the Company qualifies as a REIT, it may face other tax liabilities that reduce its cash flow.
Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes, including payroll taxes, taxes on any undistributed income, taxes on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, a 100% excise tax on any transactions with a TRS that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis, and state or local income, franchise, property and transfer taxes. Moreover, if the Company has net income from the sale of properties that are “dealer” properties (a “prohibited transaction” under the Code), that income will be subject to a 100% tax. The Company could, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain its qualification as a REIT. In addition, the Company’s TRSs will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes on their net taxable income, if any. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for other uses, such as the payment of the Company’s debt obligations and distributions to shareholders.
The Company may incur adverse tax costs if Apple REIT Ten, Inc. (“Apple Ten”) failed to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes or if the Apple Ten merger failed to qualify as a tax free reorganization under the Code.
On September 1, 2016, Apple Ten merged into an acquisition subsidiary of the Company and ceased its separate corporate existence. If Apple Ten was not a REIT at the time of the merger, in addition to other tax liabilities to which the Company could have succeeded as a result of the merger, the Company would be subject to tax (at the highest corporate tax rates) on the built-in gain on each asset of Apple Ten existing at the time of the merger and recognized before September 2, 2021.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect the Company’s ability to execute its business plan or cause it to increase debt levels or issue additional equity during unfavorable market conditions.
The Company generally must distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain, in order for U.S. federal corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that it distributes. To the extent that the Company satisfies this distribution requirement but distributes less than 100% of its taxable income, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on its undistributed taxable income. In addition, the Company will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that the Company pays out to its shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws. If there is an adjustment to any of the Company’s taxable income or dividends-paid deductions, the Company could elect to use the deficiency dividend procedure in order to maintain the Company’s REIT status. That deficiency dividend procedure could require the Company to make significant distributions to its shareholders and to pay significant interest to the IRS.
From time to time, the Company may generate taxable income greater than its income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”). In addition, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur. As a result, the Company may find it difficult or impossible to meet distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In particular, where the Company
experiences differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of its taxable income could cause it to: (1) sell assets in unfavorable market conditions; (2) incur debt or issue additional equity on disadvantageous terms; (3) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions or capital expenditures or used for the repayment of debt; or (4) make a taxable distribution of its common shares as part of a distribution in which shareholders may elect to receive the Company’s common shares or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with REIT requirements. These alternatives could increase the Company’s costs or dilute its equity. In addition, because the REIT distribution requirement prevents the Company from retaining earnings, the Company generally will be required to refinance debt at its maturity with additional debt or equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder the Company’s ability to grow, which could adversely affect the market price of its common shares.
The Company may in the future choose to pay dividends in the form of common shares, in which case shareholders may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends they receive.
The Company may seek in the future to distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and common shares, at the election of each shareholder. Taxable shareholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes, however, generally a shareholder will receive a taxable income deduction for 20% of all ordinary dividends received from a REIT. As a result, shareholders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. shareholder sells the common shares that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of common shares at the time of the sale. In addition, in such case, a U.S. shareholder could have a capital loss with respect to the common shares sold that could not be used to offset such dividend income. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. shareholders, the Company may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common shares. In addition, such a taxable share dividend could be viewed as equivalent to a reduction in the Company’s cash distributions, and that factor, as well as the possibility that a significant number of the Company’s shareholders could determine to sell the common shares in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, may put downward pressure on the market price of the Company’s common shares.
If the Company’s leases are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company would likely fail to qualify as a REIT.
To qualify as a REIT, the Company must satisfy two gross income tests, pursuant to which specified percentages of the Company’s gross income must be passive income, such as rent. For the rent paid pursuant to the hotel leases with the Company’s TRSs, which the Company currently expects will continue to constitute substantially all of the REIT’s gross income, to qualify for purposes of the gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes and must not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. The Company believes that the leases have been and will continue to be respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS will agree with this characterization. If the leases were not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company may not be able to satisfy either of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs and may lose its REIT status. Additionally, the Company could be subject to a 100% excise tax for any adjustment to its leases.
If any of the hotel management companies that the Company’s TRSs engage do not qualify as “eligible independent contractors,” or if the Company’s hotels are not “qualified lodging facilities,” the Company would likely fail to qualify as a REIT.
Rent paid by a lessee that is a “related party tenant” of the Company generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. An exception is provided, however, for leases of “qualified lodging facilities” to a TRS so long as the hotels are managed by an “eligible independent contractor” and certain other requirements are satisfied. The Company intends to continue to take advantage of this exception. A “qualified lodging facility” is a hotel, motel, or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, including customary amenities and facilities, provided that no wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. Although the Company intends to monitor future acquisitions and improvements of hotels, the REIT provisions of the Code provide only limited guidance for making determinations under the requirements for “qualified lodging facilities,” and there can be no assurance that these requirements will be satisfied in all cases.
In addition, the Company’s TRS lessees have engaged hotel management companies that are intended to qualify as “eligible independent contractors.” Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an “eligible independent contractor,” the hotel management company must not own, directly or through its shareholders, more than 35% of the Company’s outstanding shares, and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of the Company’s outstanding shares and the shares (or ownership interest) of the hotel management company (taking into account certain ownership attribution rules). The ownership attribution rules that apply for purposes of these 35% thresholds are complex, and monitoring actual and constructive ownership of the Company’s shares by the hotel management companies and their owners may not be practical. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that these ownership levels will not be exceeded. In addition, for a hotel management company to qualify as an “eligible independent contractor,” such company or a related person must be actively engaged in the trade or business of operating “qualified lodging facilities” (as defined above) for one or more persons not related to the REIT or its TRSs at each time that such company enters into a hotel management contract with a TRS. As of the date hereof, the Company believes the hotel management companies operate “qualified lodging facilities” for certain persons who are not related to the Company or its TRSs. However, no assurances can be provided that this will continue to be the case or that any other hotel management companies that the Company may engage in the future will in fact comply with this requirement in the future.
The Company’s ownership of TRSs is limited, and the Company’s transactions with its TRSs will cause it to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arm’s-length terms.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions, including the leases, between the TRS and the REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
The Company’s TRSs will pay U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on their net taxable income, and their after-tax net income will be available for distribution to the REIT, but is not required to be distributed. The Company has monitored and will continue to monitor the value of its respective investments in its TRSs for the purpose of ensuring compliance with the ownership limitations applicable to TRSs. In addition, the Company will continue to scrutinize all of its transactions with its TRSs to ensure that they are entered into on arm’s-length terms to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to comply with the rules regarding TRSs or avoid application of the 100% excise tax. The most significant transactions between the Company and its TRSs are the hotel leases from the Company to its TRSs. While the Company believes its leases have customary terms and reflect normal business practices and that the rents paid thereto reflect market terms, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree.
Complying with REIT requirements may force the Company to forgo and/or liquidate otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT, the Company must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of its income, the nature and diversification of its assets, the amount it distributes to its shareholders and the ownership of its common shares. In order to meet these tests, the Company may be required to liquidate from its portfolio, or contribute to a TRS, otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain its qualification as a REIT. These actions could have the effect of reducing the Company’s income and amounts available for distribution to its shareholders. In addition, the Company may be required to make distributions to shareholders at disadvantageous times or when the Company does not have funds readily available for distribution, and may be unable to pursue investments that would otherwise be advantageous to it in order to satisfy the source of income or asset diversification requirements for qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder the Company’s ability to make, and, in certain cases, maintain ownership of, certain attractive investments.
The Company may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes.
The IRS, the U.S. Treasury Department and Congress frequently review U.S. federal income tax legislation, regulations and other guidance. At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended or modified. The Company cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted or modified. Any legislative action may prospectively or retroactively modify the Company’s tax treatment and, therefore, may adversely affect taxation of the Company or the Company’s shareholders. The Company urges shareholders and prospective shareholders to consult with their tax advisors with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on
an investment in the Company’s shares. Although REITs generally receive certain tax advantages compared to entities taxed as C corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated as a C corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
General Risk Factors
The Company may change its distribution policy or may not have funds available to make distributions to shareholders.
The Board of Directors will continue to evaluate the Company’s distribution policy in conjunction with the impact of the economy on its operations, actual and projected financial condition and results of operations, capital expenditure requirements and other factors, including those discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Subsequent to the distribution paid on March 16, 2020, the Company announced the suspension of its monthly distributions due to the impact of COVID-19 on its operating cash flows. While the Company will continue to monitor hotel operations and intends to resume distributions at a time and level determined to be prudent in relation to the Company’s other cash requirements and as allowed under the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, there can be no assurance that the Company will make distributions at any particular time or rate, or at all. In addition, the recent amendments to the Company’s unsecured credit facilities contain restrictions on the Company’s ability to make cash distributions (except to the extent required to maintain REIT status) until the Company delivers its compliance certificate for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021 (unless the Company elects an earlier date). A reduction in the Company’s distribution rate could have a material adverse effect on the market price of the Company’s common shares.
Further, while the Company generally seeks to make distributions from its operating cash flows, distributions may be made (although there is no obligation to do so) in certain circumstances, in part, from financing proceeds or other sources. While distributions made from such sources would result in the shareholder receiving cash, the consequences to the shareholders would differ from a distribution made from the Company’s operating cash flows. For example, if debt financing is the source of a distribution, that financing would not be available for other opportunities, would have to be repaid and interest would accrue on the financing.
The market price and trading volume of the Company’s common shares may fluctuate widely and could decline substantially in the future.
The Company’s common shares are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “APLE.” The market price and trading volume of the Company’s common shares may fluctuate widely, depending on many factors, some of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including:
•
actual versus anticipated differences in the Company’s operating results, liquidity, or financial condition;
•
publication of research reports about the Company, its hotels or the lodging or overall real estate industry;
•
changes in and/or failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates;
•
the reputation of REITs and real estate investments generally, and the attractiveness of REIT equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate companies, and fixed income instruments;
•
changes in accounting principles or other laws and regulations that may adversely affect the Company or its industry;
•
strategic actions by the Company or its competitors, such as acquisitions or dispositions, and announcements by franchisors, operators or REITs and other owners in the hospitality industry;
•
fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of the Company’s competitors; and
•
the realization of any of the other risk factors presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Stock markets in general have historically experienced volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of a particular company or industry. Similar broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price and volume of the Company’s common shares.
Future offerings or the perception that future offerings could occur may adversely affect the market price of the Company’s common shares and future offerings may be dilutive to existing shareholders.
The Company has in the past and may in the future issue additional common shares. Proceeds from any issuance may be used to finance hotel acquisitions, fund capital expenditures, pay down outstanding debt, or for other corporate purposes. A large volume of sales of the Company’s common shares could decrease the market price of the Company’s common shares and could impair the Company’s ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities in the future. Also, a perception of the possibility of a substantial sale of common shares could depress the market price of the Company’s common shares and have a negative effect on the Company’s ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, anticipated downward pressure on the price of the Company’s common shares due to actual or anticipated sales of common shares could cause some institutions or individuals to engage in short sales of the common shares, which may itself cause the price of the common shares to decline. Because the Company’s decision to issue equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond its control, the Company cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of its future offerings. Therefore, the Company’s shareholders bear the risk of the Company’s future offerings reducing the market price of its common shares and diluting shareholders equity interests in the Company.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Item 2.
Properties
As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 234 hotels with an aggregate of 29,937 rooms located in 34 states, including one hotel with 118 rooms classified as held for sale, which is expected to be sold to an unrelated party in the first quarter of 2021. Substantially all of the Company’s hotels operate under Marriott or Hilton brands. The hotels are operated and managed under separate management agreements with 17 hotel management companies, none of which are affiliated with the Company. See “Management and Franchise Agreements” in Part I, Item 1, Business, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a table summarizing the number of hotels and rooms by brand. The following table summarizes the number of hotels and rooms by state:
Number of Hotels and Guest Rooms by State
Number of
Number of
State
Hotels
Rooms
Alabama
1,434
Alaska
Arizona
1,903
Arkansas
California
3,721
Colorado
Florida
2,922
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
1,420
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
1,091
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
1,502
Texas
3,755
Utah
Virginia
1,825
Washington
Total
29,937
The following table is a list of the 234 hotels the Company owned as of December 31, 2020. As noted below, 15 of the Company’s hotels are subject to ground leases and 33 of its hotels are encumbered by mortgage notes.
City
State
Brand
Manager
Date
Acquired or
Completed
Rooms
Anchorage
AK
Embassy Suites
Stonebridge
4/30/2010
(1)
Anchorage
AK
Home2 Suites
Stonebridge
12/1/2017
Auburn
AL
Hilton Garden Inn
LBA
3/1/2014
Birmingham
AL
Courtyard
LBA
3/1/2014
Birmingham
AL
Hilton Garden Inn
LBA
9/12/2017
Birmingham
AL
Home2 Suites
LBA
9/12/2017
Birmingham
AL
Homewood Suites
McKibbon
3/1/2014
Dothan
AL
Hilton Garden Inn
LBA
6/1/2009
Dothan
AL
Residence Inn
LBA
3/1/2014
Huntsville
AL
Hampton
LBA
9/1/2016
Huntsville
AL
Hilton Garden Inn
LBA
3/1/2014
Huntsville
AL
Home2 Suites
LBA
9/1/2016
Huntsville
AL
Homewood Suites
LBA
3/1/2014
(1)
Mobile
AL
Hampton
McKibbon
9/1/2016
(2)
Montgomery
AL
Hilton Garden Inn
LBA
3/1/2014
Montgomery
AL
Homewood Suites
LBA
3/1/2014
Prattville
AL
Courtyard
LBA
3/1/2014
(1)
Rogers
AR
Hampton
Raymond
8/31/2010
Rogers
AR
Homewood Suites
Raymond
4/30/2010
Rogers
AR
Residence Inn
Raymond
3/1/2014
Chandler
AZ
Courtyard
North Central
11/2/2010
Chandler
AZ
Fairfield
North Central
11/2/2010
Phoenix
AZ
Courtyard
North Central
11/2/2010
Phoenix
AZ
Courtyard
North Central
9/1/2016
Phoenix
AZ
Hampton
North Central
9/1/2016
(2)
Phoenix
AZ
Hampton
North Central
5/2/2018
Phoenix
AZ
Homewood Suites
North Central
9/1/2016
(2)
Phoenix
AZ
Residence Inn
North Central
11/2/2010
Scottsdale
AZ
Hilton Garden Inn
North Central
9/1/2016
Tempe
AZ
Hyatt House
Crestline
8/13/2020
(2)
Tempe
AZ
Hyatt Place
Crestline
8/13/2020
(2)
Tucson
AZ
Hilton Garden Inn
Western
7/31/2008
Tucson
AZ
Residence Inn
Western
3/1/2014
Tucson
AZ
TownePlace Suites
Western
10/6/2011
Agoura Hills
CA
Homewood Suites
Dimension
3/1/2014
Burbank
CA
Courtyard
Huntington
8/11/2015
(1)
Burbank
CA
Residence Inn
Marriott
3/1/2014
Burbank
CA
SpringHill Suites
Marriott
7/13/2015
(1)
Clovis
CA
Hampton
Dimension
7/31/2009
Clovis
CA
Homewood Suites
Dimension
2/2/2010
Cypress
CA
Courtyard
Dimension
3/1/2014
Cypress
CA
Hampton
Dimension
6/29/2015
Oceanside
CA
Courtyard
Marriott
9/1/2016
(1)
Oceanside
CA
Residence Inn
Marriott
3/1/2014
Rancho Bernardo/San Diego
CA
Courtyard
InnVentures
3/1/2014
(1)
Sacramento
CA
Hilton Garden Inn
Dimension
3/1/2014
San Bernardino
CA
Residence Inn
InnVentures
2/16/2011
San Diego
CA
Courtyard
Huntington
9/1/2015
(1)
San Diego
CA
Hampton
Dimension
3/1/2014
(1)
San Diego
CA
Hilton Garden Inn
InnVentures
3/1/2014
City
State
Brand
Manager
Date
Acquired or
Completed
Rooms
San Diego
CA
Residence Inn
Dimension
3/1/2014
(1)
San Jose
CA
Homewood Suites
Dimension
3/1/2014
(1)
San Juan Capistrano
CA
Residence Inn
Marriott
9/1/2016
(2)
Santa Ana
CA
Courtyard
Dimension
5/23/2011
(1)
Santa Clarita
CA
Courtyard
Dimension
9/24/2008
Santa Clarita
CA
Fairfield
Dimension
10/29/2008
Santa Clarita
CA
Hampton
Dimension
10/29/2008
Santa Clarita
CA
Residence Inn
Dimension
10/29/2008
Tustin
CA
Fairfield
Marriott
9/1/2016
Tustin
CA
Residence Inn
Marriott
9/1/2016
Colorado Springs
CO
Hampton
Chartwell
9/1/2016
(1)
Denver
CO
Hilton Garden Inn
Stonebridge
9/1/2016
(1)
Highlands Ranch
CO
Hilton Garden Inn
Dimension
3/1/2014
Highlands Ranch
CO
Residence Inn
Dimension
3/1/2014
Boca Raton
FL
Hilton Garden Inn
Dimension
9/1/2016
Cape Canaveral
FL
Hampton
LBA
4/30/2020
(1)
Cape Canaveral
FL
Homewood Suites
LBA
9/1/2016
Cape Canaveral
FL
Home2 Suites
LBA
4/30/2020
(1)
Fort Lauderdale
FL
Hampton
Dimension
6/23/2015
(3)
Fort Lauderdale
FL
Residence Inn
LBA
9/1/2016
Gainesville
FL
Hilton Garden Inn
McKibbon
9/1/2016
Gainesville
FL
Homewood Suites
McKibbon
9/1/2016
Jacksonville
FL
Homewood Suites
McKibbon
3/1/2014
Jacksonville
FL
Hyatt Place
Crestline
12/7/2018
Lakeland
FL
Courtyard
LBA
3/1/2014
Miami
FL
Courtyard
Dimension
3/1/2014
(2)
Miami
FL
Hampton
White Lodging
4/9/2010
Miami
FL
Homewood Suites
Dimension
3/1/2014
(1)
Orlando
FL
Fairfield
Marriott
7/1/2009
Orlando
FL
Home2 Suites
LBA
3/19/2019
Orlando
FL
SpringHill Suites
Marriott
7/1/2009
Panama City
FL
Hampton
LBA
3/12/2009
Panama City
FL
TownePlace Suites
LBA
1/19/2010
Pensacola
FL
TownePlace Suites
McKibbon
9/1/2016
Tallahassee
FL
Fairfield
LBA
9/1/2016
Tallahassee
FL
Hilton Garden Inn
LBA
3/1/2014
(2)
Tampa
FL
Embassy Suites
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Albany
GA
Fairfield
LBA
1/14/2010
Atlanta/Downtown
GA
Hampton
McKibbon
2/5/2018
Atlanta/Perimeter Dunwoody
GA
Hampton
LBA
6/28/2018
Atlanta
GA
Home2 Suites
McKibbon
7/1/2016
Macon
GA
Hilton Garden Inn
LBA
3/1/2014
(2)
Savannah
GA
Hilton Garden Inn
Newport
3/1/2014
(2)
Cedar Rapids
IA
Hampton
Aimbridge
9/1/2016
Cedar Rapids
IA
Homewood Suites
Aimbridge
9/1/2016
Davenport
IA
Hampton
Aimbridge
9/1/2016
Boise
ID
Hampton
Raymond
4/30/2010
(1)
Des Plaines
IL
Hilton Garden Inn
Raymond
9/1/2016
Hoffman Estates
IL
Hilton Garden Inn
White Lodging
9/1/2016
Mettawa
IL
Hilton Garden Inn
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Mettawa
IL
Residence Inn
White Lodging
11/2/2010
City
State
Brand
Manager
Date
Acquired or
Completed
Rooms
Rosemont
IL
Hampton
Raymond
9/1/2016
Schaumburg
IL
Hilton Garden Inn
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Skokie
IL
Hampton
Raymond
9/1/2016
Warrenville
IL
Hilton Garden Inn
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Indianapolis
IN
SpringHill Suites
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Merrillville
IN
Hilton Garden Inn
White Lodging
9/1/2016
Mishawaka
IN
Residence Inn
White Lodging
11/2/2010
South Bend
IN
Fairfield
White Lodging
9/1/2016
Overland Park
KS
Fairfield
Raymond
3/1/2014
Overland Park
KS
Residence Inn
Raymond
3/1/2014
Overland Park
KS
SpringHill Suites
Raymond
3/1/2014
Wichita
KS
Courtyard
Aimbridge
3/1/2014
Lafayette
LA
Hilton Garden Inn
LBA
7/30/2010
(2)
Lafayette
LA
SpringHill Suites
LBA
6/23/2011
New Orleans
LA
Homewood Suites
Dimension
3/1/2014
(1)
Andover
MA
SpringHill Suites
Marriott
11/5/2010
Marlborough
MA
Residence Inn
Crestline
3/1/2014
Westford
MA
Hampton
Crestline
3/1/2014
Westford
MA
Residence Inn
Crestline
3/1/2014
(1)
Annapolis
MD
Hilton Garden Inn
Crestline
3/1/2014
Silver Spring
MD
Hilton Garden Inn
Crestline
7/30/2010
Portland
ME
Residence Inn
Crestline
10/13/2017
(1)
Novi
MI
Hilton Garden Inn
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Maple Grove
MN
Hilton Garden Inn
North Central
9/1/2016
Rochester
MN
Hampton
Raymond
8/3/2009
St. Paul
MN
Hampton
Raymond
3/4/2019
Kansas City
MO
Hampton
Raymond
8/31/2010
Kansas City
MO
Residence Inn
Raymond
3/1/2014
St. Louis
MO
Hampton
Raymond
8/31/2010
St. Louis
MO
Hampton
Raymond
4/30/2010
Hattiesburg
MS
Courtyard
LBA
3/1/2014
(1)
Hattiesburg
MS
Residence Inn
LBA
12/11/2008
Carolina Beach
NC
Courtyard
Crestline
3/1/2014
Charlotte
NC
Fairfield
Newport
9/1/2016
Charlotte
NC
Homewood Suites
McKibbon
9/24/2008
(4)
Durham
NC
Homewood Suites
McKibbon
12/4/2008
Fayetteville
NC
Home2 Suites
LBA
2/3/2011
Fayetteville
NC
Residence Inn
LBA
3/1/2014
Greensboro
NC
SpringHill Suites
Newport
3/1/2014
Jacksonville
NC
Home2 Suites
LBA
9/1/2016
Wilmington
NC
Fairfield
Crestline
3/1/2014
Winston-Salem
NC
Hampton
McKibbon
9/1/2016
Omaha
NE
Courtyard
Marriott
3/1/2014
Omaha
NE
Hampton
White Lodging
9/1/2016
Omaha
NE
Hilton Garden Inn
White Lodging
9/1/2016
(1)
Omaha
NE
Homewood Suites
White Lodging
9/1/2016
Cranford
NJ
Homewood Suites
Dimension
3/1/2014
Mahwah
NJ
Homewood Suites
Dimension
3/1/2014
Mount Laurel
NJ
Homewood Suites
Newport
1/11/2011
Somerset
NJ
Courtyard
Newport
3/1/2014
(1)(2)
West Orange
NJ
Courtyard
Newport
1/11/2011
Islip/Ronkonkoma
NY
Hilton Garden Inn
Crestline
3/1/2014
New York
NY
Independent
Highgate
3/1/2014
(2)
City
State
Brand
Manager
Date
Acquired or
Completed
Rooms
Syracuse
NY
Courtyard
Crestline
10/16/2015
Syracuse
NY
Residence Inn
Crestline
10/16/2015
Mason
OH
Hilton Garden Inn
Raymond
9/1/2016
Twinsburg
OH
Hilton Garden Inn
Aimbridge
10/7/2008
Oklahoma City
OK
Hampton
Raymond
5/28/2010
Oklahoma City
OK
Hilton Garden Inn
Raymond
9/1/2016
Oklahoma City
OK
Homewood Suites
Raymond
9/1/2016
Oklahoma City (West)
OK
Homewood Suites
Chartwell
9/1/2016
Collegeville/Philadelphia
PA
Courtyard
Newport
11/15/2010
(1)
Malvern/Philadelphia
PA
Courtyard
Newport
11/30/2010
Pittsburgh
PA
Hampton
Newport
12/31/2008
Charleston
SC
Home2 Suites
LBA
9/1/2016
Columbia
SC
Hilton Garden Inn
Newport
3/1/2014
Columbia
SC
TownePlace Suites
Newport
9/1/2016
Greenville
SC
Residence Inn
McKibbon
3/1/2014
Hilton Head
SC
Hilton Garden Inn
McKibbon
3/1/2014
Chattanooga
TN
Homewood Suites
LBA
3/1/2014
Franklin
TN
Courtyard
Chartwell
9/1/2016
(1)
Franklin
TN
Residence Inn
Chartwell
9/1/2016
(1)
Jackson
TN
Hampton
Newport
12/30/2008
Johnson City
TN
Courtyard
LBA
9/25/2009
Knoxville
TN
Homewood Suites
McKibbon
9/1/2016
Knoxville
TN
SpringHill Suites
McKibbon
9/1/2016
Knoxville
TN
TownePlace Suites
McKibbon
9/1/2016
Memphis
TN
Hampton
Crestline
2/5/2018
Memphis
TN
Homewood Suites
Hilton
3/1/2014
Nashville
TN
Hilton Garden Inn
Dimension
9/30/2010
Nashville
TN
Home2 Suites
Dimension
5/31/2012
Nashville
TN
TownePlace Suites
LBA
9/1/2016
Addison
TX
SpringHill Suites
Marriott
3/1/2014
Allen
TX
Hampton
Aimbridge
9/26/2008
Allen
TX
Hilton Garden Inn
Aimbridge
10/31/2008
Arlington
TX
Hampton
Western
12/1/2010
Austin
TX
Courtyard
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Austin
TX
Fairfield
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Austin
TX
Hampton
Dimension
4/14/2009
Austin
TX
Hilton Garden Inn
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Austin
TX
Homewood Suites
Dimension
4/14/2009
Austin/Round Rock
TX
Hampton
Dimension
3/6/2009
Austin/Round Rock
TX
Homewood Suites
Dimension
9/1/2016
Beaumont
TX
Residence Inn
Western
10/29/2008
Burleson/Fort Worth
TX
Hampton
LBA
10/7/2014
Dallas
TX
Homewood Suites
Western
9/1/2016
Denton
TX
Homewood Suites
Chartwell
9/1/2016
El Paso
TX
Hilton Garden Inn
Western
12/19/2011
El Paso
TX
Homewood Suites
Western
3/1/2014
Fort Worth
TX
Courtyard
LBA
2/2/2017
Fort Worth
TX
TownePlace Suites
Western
7/19/2010
Frisco
TX
Hilton Garden Inn
Western
12/31/2008
Grapevine
TX
Hilton Garden Inn
Western
9/24/2010
(1)
Houston
TX
Courtyard
LBA
9/1/2016
Houston
TX
Marriott
Western
1/8/2010
Houston
TX
Residence Inn
Western
3/1/2014
Houston
TX
Residence Inn
Western
9/1/2016
City
State
Brand
Manager
Date
Acquired or
Completed
Rooms
Irving
TX
Homewood Suites
Western
12/29/2010
Lewisville
TX
Hilton Garden Inn
Aimbridge
10/16/2008
San Antonio
TX
TownePlace Suites
Western
3/1/2014
Shenandoah
TX
Courtyard
LBA
9/1/2016
Stafford
TX
Homewood Suites
Western
3/1/2014
Texarkana
TX
Hampton
Aimbridge
1/31/2011
Provo
UT
Residence Inn
Dimension
3/1/2014
Salt Lake City
UT
Residence Inn
Huntington
10/20/2017
Salt Lake City
UT
SpringHill Suites
White Lodging
11/2/2010
Alexandria
VA
Courtyard
Marriott
3/1/2014
Alexandria
VA
SpringHill Suites
Marriott
3/28/2011
Charlottesville
VA
Courtyard
Crestline
3/1/2014
Manassas
VA
Residence Inn
Crestline
2/16/2011
Richmond
VA
Independent
Crestline
10/9/2019
Richmond
VA
Courtyard
White Lodging
12/8/2014
(1)
Richmond
VA
Marriott
White Lodging
3/1/2014
(2)
Richmond
VA
Residence Inn
White Lodging
12/8/2014
(1)
Richmond
VA
SpringHill Suites
McKibbon
9/1/2016
Suffolk
VA
Courtyard
Crestline
3/1/2014
Suffolk
VA
TownePlace Suites
Crestline
3/1/2014
Virginia Beach
VA
Courtyard
Crestline
3/1/2014
Virginia Beach
VA
Courtyard
Crestline
3/1/2014
Kirkland
WA
Courtyard
InnVentures
3/1/2014
(1)
Seattle
WA
Residence Inn
InnVentures
3/1/2014
(1)(2)
Tukwila
WA
Homewood Suites
Dimension
3/1/2014
(1)
Vancouver
WA
SpringHill Suites
InnVentures
3/1/2014
Total
29,937
(1)
Hotel is encumbered by mortgage.
(2)
Hotel is subject to ground lease.
(3)
Manager noted was effective January 1, 2021.
(4)
Hotel is classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2020 and is expected to be sold in the first quarter of 2021.
The Company’s investment in real estate at December 31, 2020, consisted of the following (in thousands):
Land
$
725,512
Building and Improvements
4,525,850
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
499,865
Finance Ground Lease Assets
203,617
Franchise Fees
13,750
5,968,594
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization
(1,235,698
)
Investment in Real Estate, net
$
4,732,896
For additional information about the Company’s properties, refer to Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization included at the end of Part IV, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
The Company is or may be a party to various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not currently involved in any litigation nor, to management’s knowledge, is any litigation threatened against the Company where the outcome would, in management’s judgment based on information currently available to the Company, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

---

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
PART II

---

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
Item 5.
Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
On May 18, 2015, the Company’s common shares were listed and began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “APLE” (the “Listing”). Prior to that time, there was no public market for the Company’s common shares. As of December 31, 2020 and February 12, 2021, the last reported closing price per share for the Company’s common shares as reported on the NYSE was $12.91 and $13.66, respectively.
Share Return Performance
The following graph compares the five-year cumulative total shareholder return of the Company’s common shares to the cumulative total returns of the Standard and Poor’s 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500 Index”) and the SNL U.S. REIT Hotel Index. The SNL U.S. REIT Hotel Index is comprised of publicly traded REITs which focus on investments in hotel properties. The graph assumes an initial investment of $100 in the Company’s common shares and in each of the indices, and also assumes the reinvestment of dividends.
Value of Initial Investment at
Name
12/31/15
12/31/16
12/31/17
12/31/18
12/31/19
12/31/20
Apple Hospitality
REIT, Inc.
$
100.00
$
106.58
$
110.84
$
86.85
$
105.97
$
85.95
S&P 500 Index
$
100.00
$
111.96
$
136.40
$
130.42
$
171.49
$
203.04
SNL U.S. REIT
Hotel Index
$
100.00
$
123.94
$
131.71
$
114.35
$
132.10
$
97.01
This performance graph shall not be deemed "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or incorporated by reference into any filing by the Company under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. The performance graph is not indicative of future investment performance. The Company does not make or endorse any predictions as to future share price performance.
Shareholder Information
As of February 12, 2021, the Company had approximately 76 holders of record of its common shares and there were approximately 223 million common shares outstanding. Because many of the Company’s common shares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of shareholders, the Company believes there are substantially more beneficial holders of its common shares than record holders. In order to comply with certain requirements related to the Company’s qualification as a REIT, the Company’s Charter provides that, subject to certain exceptions, no person or entity (other than a person or entity
who has been granted an exemption) may directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively, own more than 9.8% of the aggregate of its outstanding common shares or 9.8% of the aggregate of the outstanding preferred shares of any class or series.
Distribution Information
To maintain its REIT status, the Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its ordinary income. Subsequent to the distribution paid in March 2020, the Company announced the suspension of its monthly distributions due to the impact of COVID-19 on its operating cash flows. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company paid distributions of $0.30 and $1.20 per common share, for a total of approximately $67.4 million and $268.7 million, respectively. Although the Company intends to resume paying distributions in the future, the amount and timing of distributions to shareholders are within the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and subject to restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period (as described in Note 4 titled “Debt” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) and there can be no assurance as to when they will resume. The amount and frequency of future distributions will depend on certain items, including but not limited to, the Company’s results of operations, cash flow from operations, economic conditions, working capital requirements, cash requirements to fund investing and financing activities, and capital expenditure requirements, including improvements to and expansions of properties, as well as the distribution requirements under federal income tax provisions for qualification as a REIT. The Company incurred a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 resulting in a net loss carryforward for federal income tax purposes of approximately $67.0 million, which will be applied to future taxable earnings subject to limitations imposed by the Code, as amended, which will likely delay the need to make additional distributions to maintain the Company’s REIT status. As it has done historically, due to seasonality, once distributions resume, the Company may use its revolving credit facility to maintain the consistency of the distribution rate, taking into consideration any acquisitions, dispositions, capital improvements and economic cycles.
Share Repurchases
In May 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an extension of its existing share repurchase program, authorizing share repurchases up to an aggregate of $345 million. The Share Repurchase Program may be suspended or terminated at any time by the Company and will end in July 2021 if not terminated earlier. During 2020, the Company purchased approximately 1.5 million of its common shares under its Share Repurchase Program at a weighted-average market purchase price of approximately $9.42 per common share for an aggregate purchase price, including commissions, of approximately $14.3 million and, in 2019, the Company purchased approximately 0.3 million of its common shares under its Share Repurchase Program at a weighted-average market purchase price of approximately $14.92 per common share for an aggregate purchase price, including commissions, of approximately $4.3 million. The shares were repurchased under a written trading plan that provided for share repurchases in open market transactions and was intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. In March 2020 the Company terminated its written trading plan and did not engage in additional repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program during the balance of 2020. Repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program have been funded, and the Company intends to fund future purchases, with availability under its credit facilities, subject to any applicable restrictions under the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. As discussed in Note 4 titled “Debt” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, share repurchases are currently subject to certain restrictions that apply during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the terms of the June 2020 amendments to the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. The timing of share repurchases and the number of common shares to be repurchased under the Share Repurchase Program will also depend upon prevailing market conditions, regulatory requirements and other factors.
Additionally, during 2020 and 2019, certain of the Company’s employees surrendered common shares to satisfy their tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of common shares issued under the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) as described in Note 8 titled “Compensation Plans” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following is a summary of all share repurchases during the fourth quarter of 2020:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Period
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs
Approximate
Dollar Value
of Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the
Plans or
Programs
(in thousands) (1)
October 1 - October 31, 2020
-
-
-
$
345,000
November 1 - November 30, 2020
-
-
-
$
345,000
December 1 - December 31, 2020 (2)
60,066
$
13.06
-
$
345,000
Total
60,066
-
(1)
Represents amount outstanding under the Company's authorized $345 million share repurchase program. This program may be suspended or terminated at any time by the Company. If not terminated earlier, the program will end in July 2021. No shares were repurchased under the program during the fourth quarter of 2020.
(2)
Consists of common shares surrendered to the Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted common shares.
Equity Compensation Plans
The Company’s Board of Directors adopted and the Company’s shareholders approved the Omnibus Plan, which provides for the issuance of up to 10 million common shares, subject to adjustments, to employees, officers, and directors of the Company or affiliates of the Company, consultants or advisers currently providing services to the Company or affiliates of the Company, and any other person whose participation in the Omnibus Plan is determined by the Compensation Committee to be in the best interests of the Company. The Company’s Board of Directors previously adopted and the Company’s shareholders approved the non-employee directors’ stock option plan (the “Directors’ Plan”) to provide incentives to attract and retain directors. In May 2015, the Directors’ Plan was terminated effective upon the Listing, and no further grants can be made under the Directors’ Plan, provided however, that the termination did not affect any outstanding director option awards previously issued under the Directors’ Plan. The following is a summary of securities issued under the Company’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2020:
Number of
Securities to
be Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants
and Rights (1)
Weighted-
Average Exercise
Price of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants
and Rights (2)
Number of
Securities
Remaining
Available for
Future Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation
Plans (Excluding
Securities
Reflected in
First Column) (3)
Equity compensation plans approved by
security holders
288,420
$
21.63
8,091,987
Equity compensation plans not approved by
security holders
-
-
-
Total equity compensation plans
288,420
$
21.63
8,091,987
(1)
Represents 210,532 stock options granted to the Company’s current and former directors under the Directors’ Plan. Also includes 77,888 fully vested deferred stock units, including quarterly distributions earned, under the non-employee director deferral program under the Omnibus Plan, adopted by the Board of Directors in 2018, effective June 1, 2018, that are not included in the calculation of the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options.
(2)
The weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options relates solely to stock options, which are the only currently outstanding exercisable security.
(3)
Does not include remaining shares registered under the Directors' Plan, as no further grants can be made under the Plan.

---

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth selected financial data for the five years ended December 31, 2020. Certain information in the table has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto. This data should be read in conjunction with Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Item 8, the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, particularly disclosures related to COVID-19, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands except per share and statistical data)
2016 (1)
Revenues:
Room
$
560,485
$
1,167,203
$
1,172,331
$
1,143,987
$
956,119
Food and beverage
16,719
59,815
62,600
66,030
59,558
Other
24,675
39,579
35,624
28,605
25,348
Total revenue
601,879
1,266,597
1,270,555
1,238,622
1,041,025
Expenses and other income:
Hotel operating expense
402,278
724,416
715,934
697,402
582,839
Property taxes, insurance and other expense
76,729
75,840
74,640
69,391
56,860
Operating ground lease expense (2)
1,509
1,658
11,364
11,313
10,409
General and administrative expense
29,374
36,210
24,294
26,341
17,032
Loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets
5,097
6,467
3,135
45,875
5,471
Depreciation and amortization expense (2)
199,786
193,240
183,482
176,499
148,163
Transaction and litigation costs (reimbursements)
-
-
-
(2,586
)
34,989
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate
(10,854
)
(5,021
)
(152
)
(16,295
)
Interest and other expense, net (2)
70,835
61,191
51,185
47,343
40,026
Income tax expense
Total expenses and other income
775,086
1,094,680
1,064,469
1,056,130
896,373
Net income
$
(173,207
)
$
171,917
$
206,086
$
182,492
$
144,652
Per Share:
Net income per common share
$
(0.77
)
$
0.77
$
0.90
$
0.82
$
0.76
Distributions declared per common share
$
0.20
$
1.20
$
1.20
$
1.20
$
1.20
Weighted-average common shares outstanding -
basic and diluted
223,544
223,910
229,659
223,526
190,856
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period):
Investment in real estate, net (2)
$
4,732,896
$
4,825,738
$
4,816,410
$
4,793,159
$
4,823,489
Assets held for sale
$
5,316
$
12,093
$
-
$
-
$
39,000
Total assets (2)
$
4,829,759
$
4,942,411
$
4,928,672
$
4,902,338
$
4,979,883
Debt, net
$
1,482,571
$
1,320,407
$
1,412,242
$
1,222,196
$
1,337,963
Finance lease liabilities (2)
$
219,981
$
216,627
$
-
$
-
$
-
Shareholders' equity
$
3,029,347
$
3,291,013
$
3,409,010
$
3,571,085
$
3,517,064
Net book value per share
$
13.57
$
14.70
$
15.22
$
15.53
$
15.78
Other Data:
Cash Flow From (Used In):
Operating activities
$
26,728
$
381,674
$
404,812
$
384,071
$
331,171
Investing activities
$
(82,261
)
$
(14,324
)
$
(210,160
)
$
(158,256
)
$
(162,200
)
Financing activities
$
55,240
$
(366,321
)
$
(190,811
)
$
(225,449
)
$
(162,197
)
Number of hotels owned at end of period
(1)
Effective September 1, 2016, the Company completed the merger with Apple REIT Ten, Inc. and added 56 hotels located in 17 states with an aggregate of 7,209 rooms to the Company's real estate portfolio.
(2)
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), electing to recognize and measure its leases prospectively at the beginning of the period of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment to shareholders' equity without restating the presentation of periods prior to the effective date. Under the new lease accounting standard, the Company classified four ground leases as finance leases that were previously classified as operating leases in accordance with the previous accounting standard. Results prior to January 1, 2019 were not restated and therefore, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized approximately $9.5 million, $9.5 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of operating ground lease expense associated with these four ground leases. See Note 10 titled "Lease Commitments" in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on the adoption of the lease accounting standard.

---

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Item 8, the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, the introduction of Part I regarding “Forward-Looking Statements,” and Item 1A, “Risk Factors” appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
The Company is a Virginia corporation that has elected to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. The Company is self-advised and invests in income-producing real estate, primarily in the lodging sector, in the U.S. As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 234 hotels with an aggregate of 29,937 rooms located in urban, high-end suburban and developing markets throughout 34 states, including one hotel with 118 rooms classified as held for sale, which is expected to be sold to an unrelated party in the first quarter of 2021. Substantially all of the Company’s hotels operate under Marriott or Hilton brands. The hotels are operated and managed under separate management agreements with 17 hotel management companies, none of which are affiliated with the Company. The Company’s common shares are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “APLE.”
COVID-19 and the Company’s Actions to Mitigate its Impact
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel industry are unprecedented. COVID-19 has disrupted the industry and has dramatically reduced business and leisure travel, which has had a significant adverse impact on, and management expects will continue to significantly adversely impact and disrupt, the Company’s business, financial performance and condition, operating results and cash flows. While the economy has shown signs of recovery as some of the initial restrictions put into place during the first half of 2020 have eased, occupancy and average daily rate are still significantly below 2019 levels. Additionally, while vaccines have been developed and were put into distribution beginning in December 2020, there can be no assurances of how quickly they will slow the spread of the pandemic and allow the economy to recover. The Company expects this significant decline in revenue associated with COVID-19 and the overall decline in the U.S. economy to negatively impact the Company’s revenue and operating results for an extended period of time. The Company does not expect a material improvement in results until business travel and general consumer confidence related to the economy and risks associated with COVID-19 improve and government restrictions impacting travel and business operations are broadly lifted.
The following is a brief summary of certain measures the Company, its management companies and its brands have taken to minimize costs and cash outflow to maintain a sound liquidity position:
●
Beginning in March 2020, the Company’s brands and third-party management companies implemented cost elimination and efficiency initiatives at each of the Company’s hotels by reducing labor costs, reducing or eliminating certain amenities and reducing rates under various service contracts. As of December 31, 2020, the Company continued to intentionally consolidate operations at five hotels, down from 38 hotels as of May 2020, in certain market clusters to maximize operational efficiencies. The cost structure of the Company’s primarily rooms-focused hotels allows them to operate cost effectively even at very low occupancy levels.
●
Together with its third-party management companies, the Company enhanced its sales efforts by focusing on COVID-19-specific demand opportunities in certain markets and strategically targeting and maximizing performance based on available demand, such as leisure, government, health care, construction, disaster recovery, insurance, athletics, education, manufacturing and maintenance-focused business.
●
The Company postponed all non-essential capital improvement projects planned for 2020, resulting in a reduction of approximately $50 million from originally planned capital improvements for the year.
●
The Company suspended its monthly distributions, with the last distribution paid March 16, 2020. The Company’s Board of Directors, in consultation with management, will continue to monitor hotel operations and intends to resume distributions at a time and level determined to be prudent in relation to the Company’s other cash requirements and as allowed under the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, as discussed below.
●
The Company terminated its written trading plan under its Share Repurchase Program in March 2020 and did not engage in any additional repurchases under its Share Repurchase Program for the balance of 2020.
●
The Company’s Executive Chairman voluntarily agreed to forego six months of salary, the Chief Executive Officer volunteered to reduce his target compensation by 60 percent and the non-employee directors on the Board of Directors volunteered as a group to reduce their annual director fees by more than 15 percent, in each case for calendar year 2020.
●
The Company entered into amendments to its unsecured credit facilities to temporarily waive the financial covenant testing until June 30, 2021. See further discussion in Note 4 titled “Debt” in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Despite the cost reduction initiatives discussed above, the Company does not expect to be able to fully, or even materially, offset revenue losses from COVID-19. The extent and duration of COVID-19 effects are not currently known and these uncertainties continue to make it difficult to predict operating results for the Company’s hotels for the near future. Therefore, while the ongoing vaccination efforts suggest that conditions may continue to gradually improve during 2021, there can be no assurances that the Company will not experience further declines in hotel revenues or earnings at its hotels or how long the effects will continue to impact the Company’s operating results.
Recent Hotel Portfolio Activities
The following discussion regarding the Company’s approach to acquisitions and dispositions reflects the Company’s historical strategy. While the Company anticipates it will continue to approach the acquisition and disposition of hotels similarly over the long term, the detrimental impact of COVID-19 to the Company and overall lodging industry has and may continue to limit the Company’s ability to effectively acquire or dispose of hotels until the industry recovers.
The Company continually monitors market conditions and attempts to maximize shareholder value by investing in properties that it believes provide superior value over the long term. Consistent with this strategy and the Company’s focus on investing in rooms-focused hotels, in 2018 the Company entered into contracts to purchase a combined 224-room dual-branded Hampton Inn & Suites and Home2 Suites complex to be constructed in Cape Canaveral, Florida and a combined 259-room dual-branded Hyatt House and Hyatt Place complex to be constructed in Tempe, Arizona. Construction of the hotels was completed in 2020 and the Company acquired the hotels. The aggregate purchase price of these hotels was approximately $111.3 million, funded by $25.0 million of available cash, $64.6 million of borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility and a one-year secured note for $21.7 million payable in May 2021, which principal amount was reduced by $1.1 million in July 2020, representing a credit from the developer for shared construction savings. Also, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had an outstanding contract that was entered into prior to 2020 for the potential purchase of a hotel under development for a total expected purchase price of approximately $49.6 million, which was completed and opened for business in February 2021, at which time the closing on this hotel occurred. The Company utilized borrowings under its revolving credit facility for this acquisition.
For its existing portfolio, the Company monitors each property’s profitability, market conditions and capital requirements and attempts to maximize shareholder value by disposing of properties when it believes that superior value can be provided from the sale of the property. As a result, in 2020, the Company sold three hotels for a total combined gross sales price of $55.3 million and recognized a gain on sale of approximately $10.9 million. Additionally, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had an outstanding contract to sell one of its hotels for a gross sales price of approximately $10.3 million, which is expected to be sold in the first quarter of 2021. Although the Company is working towards the sale of the remaining hotel, there are many conditions to closing that have not yet been satisfied and there can be no assurance that a closing on this hotel will occur under the outstanding purchase and sale agreement. The Company used the proceeds from the sales, and expects the net proceeds from the remaining sale, to be used to pay down borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility, subject to certain restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, as discussed further in Note 4 titled “Debt” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
See Note 2 titled “Investment in Real Estate” and Note 3 titled “Assets Held for Sale and Dispositions” in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for additional information concerning these transactions.
Effective January 20, 2020, the Company converted its New York, New York Renaissance hotel to an independent boutique hotel. The Company incurred total conversion costs of approximately $1.0 million to complete the transition, of which approximately $0.1 million was incurred in 2019. The intent of the conversion was to provide greater long-term flexibility with the operations of the hotel. As anticipated, the operating results of the hotel declined in the first quarter of 2020 (prior to COVID-19) as compared to the first quarter of 2019 as the management team worked to replace revenue that
was historically generated from the Renaissance brand system and have experienced further declines due to COVID-19. With the conversion of this hotel and the October 2019 acquisition of the existing independent boutique hotel in Richmond, Virginia, mentioned above, the Company has two independent boutique hotels with a combined total of 263 rooms.
Hotel Operations
As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 234 hotels with a total of 29,937 rooms as compared to 233 hotels with a total of 29,870 rooms as of December 31, 2019. Results of operations are included only for the period of ownership for hotels acquired or disposed of during all periods presented. During 2020, the Company acquired two newly constructed hotels on April 30, 2020 and two newly constructed hotels on August 13, 2020, and sold one hotel each on January 16, 2020, February 27, 2020 and December 30, 2020. During 2019, the Company acquired one newly developed hotel on March 19, 2019 and two existing hotels (one on March 4, 2019 and one on October 9, 2019), and sold 11 hotels (nine on March 28, 2019, one on December 19, 2019 and one on December 30, 2019). As a result, in addition to the impacts of COVID-19, the comparability of results for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 as discussed below is also impacted by these transactions.
In evaluating financial condition and operating performance, the most important indicators on which the Company focuses are revenue measurements, such as average occupancy, ADR and RevPAR, and expenses, such as hotel operating expenses, general and administrative expenses and other expenses described below.
The following is a summary of the results from operations of the Company’s hotels for their respective periods of ownership by the Company:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except statistical data)
Percent
of
Revenue
Percent
of
Revenue
Change 2019 to 2020
Percent
of
Revenue
Change 2018 to 2019
Total revenue
$
601,879
100.0
%
$
1,266,597
100.0
%
-52.5
%
$
1,270,555
100.0
%
-0.3
%
Hotel operating expense
402,278
66.8
%
724,416
57.2
%
-44.5
%
715,934
56.3
%
1.2
%
Property taxes, insurance and other
expense
76,729
12.7
%
75,840
6.0
%
1.2
%
74,640
5.9
%
1.6
%
Operating ground lease expense(1)
1,509
0.3
%
1,658
0.1
%
-9.0
%
11,364
0.9
%
-85.4
%
General and administrative expense
29,374
4.9
%
36,210
2.9
%
-18.9
%
24,294
1.9
%
49.0
%
Loss on impairment of depreciable
real estate assets
5,097
6,467
n/a
3,135
n/a
Depreciation and amortization
expense(1)
199,786
193,240
3.4
%
183,482
5.3
%
Gain on sale of real estate
10,854
5,021
116.2
%
n/a
Interest and other expense, net(1)
70,835
61,191
15.8
%
51,185
19.5
%
Income tax expense
-51.1
%
15.7
%
Net income (loss)
(173,207
)
171,917
-200.8
%
206,086
-16.6
%
Adjusted hotel EBITDA (2)
121,985
464,995
-73.8
%
472,806
-1.7
%
Number of hotels owned at end
of period
0.4
%
-3.3
%
ADR
$
111.49
$
137.30
-18.8
%
$
136.04
0.9
%
Occupancy
46.1
%
77.0
%
-40.1
%
76.9
%
0.1
%
RevPAR
$
51.34
$
105.72
-51.4
%
$
104.66
1.0
%
(1)
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), electing to recognize and measure its leases prospectively at the beginning of the period of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment to shareholders’ equity without restating the presentation of periods prior to the effective date. Under the new lease accounting standard, the Company classified four ground leases as finance leases that were previously classified as operating leases in accordance with the previous accounting standard. In 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized approximately $6.4 million and $4.5 million of amortization expense and approximately $11.4 million and $8.2 million of interest expense, respectively, associated with these four finance leases. Results prior to January 1, 2019 were not restated and therefore, for the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized approximately $9.5 million of operating ground lease expense associated with these four ground leases. See Note 10 titled “Lease Commitments” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on the adoption of the new lease accounting standard.
(2)
See reconciliation of Adjusted Hotel EBITDA to net income (loss) in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below.
The following table highlights the quarterly impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s ADR, Occupancy, RevPAR and adjusted hotel earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization for real estate (“Adjusted Hotel EBITDA”) during 2020 as compared to 2019 (in thousands except statistical data):
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter
Full Year
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter
Full Year
ADR
$
132.55
$
100.76
$
104.78
$
97.87
$
111.49
$
136.36
$
141.60
$
139.21
$
131.41
$
137.30
Occupancy
60.9
%
28.2
%
48.6
%
46.5
%
46.1
%
73.9
%
81.4
%
79.9
%
72.9
%
77.0
%
RevPAR
$
80.66
$
28.44
$
50.94
$
45.46
$
51.34
$
100.71
$
115.30
$
111.17
$
95.85
$
105.72
Net income (loss)
$
(2,769
)
$
(78,243
)
$
(40,948
)
$
(51,247
)
$
(173,207
)
$
38,151
$
62,090
$
46,223
$
25,453
$
171,917
Adjusted Hotel EBITDA (1)
$
63,297
$
$
34,688
$
23,296
$
121,985
$
108,804
$
134,759
$
124,596
$
96,836
$
464,995
(1)
See reconciliation of Adjusted Hotel EBITDA to net income (loss) in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below.
Beginning in March 2020, COVID-19 caused widespread cancellations of both business and leisure travel throughout the U.S., resulting in significant decreases in RevPAR throughout the Company’s hotel portfolio and the hospitality industry as a whole. With the overall uncertainty of the longevity of COVID-19 in the U.S. and the resulting economic decline, it is difficult to project the duration of revenue declines for the industry and Company; however, the Company currently expects the decline in revenue and operating results as compared to 2019 to continue throughout 2021 and potentially into future years. The Company experienced its most significant decline in operating results during the second quarter of 2020 as compared to the second quarter of 2019, with a 65% decrease in occupancy and a 75% decrease in RevPAR. Occupancy and RevPAR improved in the third and fourth quarters of 2020, with 39% and 36% decreases in occupancy and 54% and 53% decreases in RevPAR, as compared to the third and fourth quarters of 2019, respectively, led by leisure demand. Although the Company expects to experience a gradual recovery as vaccines are distributed to the population, future revenues and operating results could be negatively impacted if, among other things, COVID-19 cases continue to increase, state and local governments and businesses revert back to tighter mitigation restrictions or consumer sentiment deteriorates.
Comparable Hotels Operating Results
The following table reflects certain operating statistics for the Company’s 233 hotels owned and held for use as of December 31, 2020. The Company defines metrics from Comparable Hotels as results generated by the 233 hotels owned and held for use as of the end of the reporting period, and excludes the hotel held for sale. For the hotels acquired during the reporting periods shown, the Company has included, as applicable, results of those hotels for periods prior to the Company’s ownership using information provided by the properties’ prior owners at the time of acquisition and not adjusted by the Company. This information has not been audited, either for the periods owned or prior to ownership by the Company. For dispositions and assets held for sale, results have been excluded for the Company’s period of ownership.
Year Ended December 31,
Change 2019 to 2020
Change 2018 to 2019
ADR
$
111.62
$
138.09
-19.2
%
$
137.85
0.2
%
Occupancy
46.0
%
77.1
%
-40.3
%
77.2
%
-0.1
%
RevPAR
$
51.33
$
106.45
-51.8
%
$
106.43
-
Same Store Operating Results
The following table reflects certain operating statistics for the 221 hotels owned and held for use by the Company as of January 1, 2018 and during the entirety of the reporting periods being compared (“Same Store Hotels”). This information has not been audited.
Year Ended December 31,
Change 2019 to 2020
Change 2018 to 2019
ADR
$
111.46
$
137.82
-19.1
%
$
137.53
0.2
%
Occupancy
46.4
%
77.2
%
-39.9
%
77.3
%
-0.1
%
RevPAR
$
51.67
$
106.46
-51.5
%
$
106.35
0.1
%
As discussed above, hotel performance is impacted by many factors, including the economic conditions in the U.S. as well as each individual locality. COVID-19 has been negatively affecting the U.S. hotel industry since March 2020. As a result of COVID-19, the Company’s revenue and operating results declined during the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, which is consistent with the overall lodging industry. Compared to 2019, the Company expects the declines in revenue and operating results to continue into 2021 and potentially into 2022, but the Company can give no assurances of the amount or period of decline due to the uncertainty regarding the duration and long-term impact of, and governmental and consumer response to, COVID-19.
Results of Operations
A discussion regarding the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 is presented below. A discussion regarding the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 can be found under the section titled “Results of Operations for Years 2019 and 2018” in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference and which is available free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and in the Investor Information section of the Company’s website at www.applehospitalityreit.com.
Revenues
The Company’s principal source of revenue is hotel revenue consisting of room, food and beverage, and other related revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had total revenue of $0.6 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, Comparable Hotels achieved combined average occupancy of 46.0% and 77.1%, ADR of $111.62 and $138.09 and RevPAR of $51.33 and $106.45. ADR is calculated as room revenue divided by the number of rooms sold, and RevPAR is calculated as occupancy multiplied by ADR.
Compared to 2019, the Company experienced decreases in ADR and occupancy in 2020, resulting in a decrease of 51.8% in RevPAR, for Comparable Hotels. During March 2020, the hotel industry and the Company began to see a significant decrease in occupancy as both mandated and voluntary restrictions on travel were implemented throughout the U.S. For Comparable Hotels, average occupancy declined to 17.7% in April before improving to 38.2% in June, 51.7% in September and ending with approximately 46.4% in the fourth quarter of 2020 driven predominately by increased leisure demand over the summer months as a result of improved consumer confidence in travel and the lifting of some COVID-19 mitigation restrictions, but also from a wide variety of demand generators such as government, healthcare, construction, disaster recovery, insurance, athletics, education and local and regional business-related travel. The Company expects this trend to gradually continue, however, future revenues could be negatively impacted if COVID-19 cases continue to increase, state and local governments tighten or implement new mitigation restrictions or consumer sentiment deteriorates.
Hotel Operating Expense
The Company, its management companies and the brands the Company’s hotels are franchised with have all aggressively worked to mitigate costs and uses of cash associated with operating the hotels in a low-occupancy environment and are thoughtfully working to position the hotels to adapt to the changes that may occur to guest preferences in the future. The impact of the situation has varied and will continue to vary by market and hotel. With the support of its brands and third-party management companies, the Company will continue to evaluate and implement additional measures as the situation evolves.
Hotel operating expense consists of direct room operating expense, hotel administrative expense, sales and marketing expense, utilities expense, repair and maintenance expense, franchise fees and management fees. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, hotel operating expense totaled $402.3 million and $724.4 million or 66.8% and 57.2% of total revenue for each respective year. Included in hotel operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 were approximately $2.5 million, net of employee retention credits, in separation and furlough costs for hotel employees as a result of the occupancy declines discussed above. The Company has worked and will continue to work with its management companies to optimize staffing models, consolidate operations in markets with multiple properties, and adjust food and beverage offerings and other amenities, among other efficiency initiatives to mitigate the impact of revenue declines on its results of operations. For example, in some markets the Company is “clustering” hotels, whereby multiple properties in a market have consolidated their operations to increase efficiency; the Company has negotiated relaxation of certain brand standards; and the Company has also successfully reduced rates under various service contracts. Although certain operating costs of a hotel are more fixed in nature, such as base utility and maintenance costs, the Company has worked and will continue to work to reduce all non-essential costs including service contracts, utilities in areas not utilized and certain maintenance costs. However, the Company may continue to see ongoing cost increases related to the supplying of personal protective equipment for employees and guests as well as increased sanitation, social distancing and other measures.
Property Taxes, Insurance and Other Expense
Property taxes, insurance and other expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 totaled $76.7 million and $75.8 million, respectively, or 12.7% and 6.0% of total revenue for each respective year, which is consistent with Comparable Hotels expense as a percentage of revenue for the same period. Although the Company will continue to aggressively appeal tax assessments in certain jurisdictions in an attempt to minimize tax increases, as warranted, and will continue to monitor locality guidance as a result of COVID-19, it does not currently anticipate significant decreases in property taxes in 2021 as compared to 2020.
Operating Ground Lease Expense
Operating ground lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Operating ground lease expense primarily represents the expense incurred by the Company to lease land for nine of its hotel properties.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $29.4 million and $36.2 million, respectively, or 4.9% and 2.9% of total revenue for each respective year. The principal components of general and administrative expense are payroll and related benefit costs, legal fees, accounting fees and reporting expenses. The decrease in general and administrative expense in 2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily due to voluntary reductions in compensation for the Company’s Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and non-employee directors on the Board of Directors, as well as decreased accruals for incentive plan payments associated with the impact on the 2020 Incentive Plan resulting from the decline in operating results as compared to 2019 (see Note 8 titled “Compensation Plans” in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional details). These decreases were partially offset by approximately $2.5 million in 2020 for separation benefits awarded in connection with the previously announced retirements of the Company’s former Chief Operating Officer and former Chief Financial Officer on March 31, 2020. General and administrative expense for 2019 included approximately $2.1 million related to separation agreements with two executive officers who departed during the year.
In order to minimize costs in 2020, the Company’s Executive Chairman voluntarily agreed to forego six months of salary, the Chief Executive Officer volunteered to reduce his target compensation by 60 percent and the non-employee directors on the Board of Directors volunteered as a group to reduce their annual director fees by more than 15 percent.
Loss on Impairment of Depreciable Real Estate Assets
Loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets was approximately $5.1 million and $6.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, consisting of impairment losses totaling $5.1 million for the Memphis, Tennessee Homewood Suites in 2020 and $6.5 million for the Winston-Salem, North Carolina Courtyard in 2019. See Note 3 titled “Assets Held for Sale and Dispositions” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information concerning these impairment losses.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $199.8 million and $193.2 million, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense primarily represents expense of the Company’s hotel buildings and related improvements, and associated personal property (furniture, fixtures, and equipment) for their respective periods owned. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of four hotels in 2020 and three hotels in 2019 and renovations completed throughout 2020 and 2019, partially offset by the sale of three hotels in 2020 and 11 hotels in 2019. Additionally, depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 includes approximately $6.4 million and $4.5 million of expense associated with amortization of the Company’s finance ground leases.
Interest and Other Expense, net
Interest and other expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $70.8 million and $61.2 million, respectively, and is net of approximately $0.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of interest capitalized associated with renovation projects. Additionally, interest and other expense, net for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 includes approximately $11.4 million and $8.2 million of interest recorded on the Company’s finance lease liabilities.
Interest expense related to the Company’s debt instruments increased as a result of increased average borrowings and increased interest rate margins on the Company’s unsecured term loans in 2020 as compared to 2019, partially offset by a decrease in the interest rate indexes on which the Company’s variable-rate loans are based. However, the Company anticipates interest expense to be higher in 2021 compared to 2020 due to increased average interest rates as compared to 2020. In March 2020, the Company drew the remaining availability under its revolving credit facility as a precautionary measure in order to increase its cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of uncertainty in the financial markets resulting from COVID-19. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had repaid approximately $319.2 million in connection with the amendments of its unsecured credit facilities (discussed below) and as a result of improved operating cash flow in the second half of 2020. See Note 4 titled “Debt” in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for additional discussion of the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities. In addition to increases in interest due to the Company’s unsecured credit facilities, interest on the Company’s finance leases increased approximately $3.2 million during 2020 as compared to 2019 due to a required increase under one of its leases.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company considers the following non-GAAP financial measures useful to investors as key supplemental measures of its operating performance: Funds from Operations (“FFO”), Modified FFO (“MFFO”), Earnings Before Interest, Income Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”), Earnings Before Interest, Income Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate (“EBITDAre”), Adjusted EBITDAre (“Adjusted EBITDAre”) and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered along with, but not as alternatives to, net income (loss), cash flow from operations or any other operating GAAP measure. FFO, MFFO, EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA are not necessarily indicative of funds available to fund the Company’s cash needs, including its ability to make cash distributions. Although FFO, MFFO, EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA, as calculated by the Company, may not be comparable to FFO, MFFO, EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA, as reported by other companies that do not define such terms exactly as the Company defines such terms, the Company believes these supplemental measures are useful to investors when comparing the Company’s results between periods and with other REITs.
FFO and MFFO
The Company calculates and presents FFO in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), which defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains and losses from the sale of certain real estate assets (including gains and losses from change in control), extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, plus real estate related depreciation, amortization and impairments, and adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, most real estate industry investors consider FFO to be helpful in evaluating a real estate company’s operations. The Company further believes that by excluding the effects of these items, FFO is useful to investors in comparing its operating performance between periods and between REITs that report FFO using the Nareit definition. FFO as presented by the Company is applicable only to its common shareholders, but does not represent an amount that accrues directly to common shareholders.
The Company calculates MFFO by further adjusting FFO for the exclusion of amortization of finance ground lease assets, amortization of favorable and unfavorable operating leases, net and non-cash straight-line operating ground lease expense, as these expenses do not reflect the underlying performance of the related hotels. The Company presents MFFO when evaluating its performance because it believes that it provides further useful supplemental information to investors regarding its ongoing operating performance.
The following table reconciles the Company’s GAAP net income (loss) to FFO and MFFO for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands).
Year Ended December 31,
Net income (loss)
$
(173,207
)
$
171,917
$
206,086
Depreciation of real estate owned
192,346
187,729
182,527
Gain on sale of real estate
(10,854
)
(5,021
)
(152
)
Loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets
5,097
6,467
3,135
Funds from operations
13,382
361,092
391,596
Amortization of finance ground lease assets
6,433
4,517
-
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable operating
leases, net
Non-cash straight-line operating ground lease expense
3,542
Modified funds from operations
$
20,437
$
365,921
$
395,785
EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA
EBITDA is a commonly used measure of performance in many industries and is defined as net income (loss) excluding interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The Company believes EBITDA is useful to investors because it helps the Company and its investors evaluate the ongoing operating performance of the Company by removing the impact of its capital structure (primarily interest expense) and its asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization). In addition, certain covenants included in the agreements governing the Company’s indebtedness use EBITDA, as defined in the specific credit agreement, as a measure of financial compliance.
In addition to EBITDA, the Company also calculates and presents EBITDAre in accordance with standards established by Nareit, which defines EBITDAre as EBITDA, excluding gains and losses from the sale of certain real estate assets (including gains and losses from change in control), plus real estate related impairments, and adjustments to reflect the entity’s share of EBITDAre of unconsolidated affiliates. The Company presents EBITDAre because it believes that it provides further useful information to investors in comparing its operating performance between periods and between REITs that report EBITDAre using the Nareit definition.
The Company also considers the exclusion of non-cash straight-line operating ground lease expense from EBITDAre useful, as this expense does not reflect the underlying performance of the related hotels.
The Company further excludes actual corporate-level general and administrative expense for the Company from Adjusted EBITDAre (Adjusted Hotel EBITDA) to isolate property-level operational performance over which the Company’s hotel operators have direct control. The Company believes Adjusted Hotel EBITDA provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding operating performance and is used by management to measure the performance of the Company’s hotels and effectiveness of the operators of the hotels.
The following table reconciles the Company’s GAAP net income (loss) to EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands).
Year Ended December 31,
2018(1)
Net income (loss)
$
(173,207
)
$
171,917
$
206,086
Depreciation and amortization
199,786
193,240
183,482
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable operating
leases, net
Interest and other expense, net
70,835
61,191
51,185
Income tax expense
EBITDA
98,188
427,151
441,987
Gain on sale of real estate
(10,854
)
(5,021
)
(152
)
Loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets
5,097
6,467
3,135
EBITDAre
92,431
428,597
444,970
Non-cash straight-line operating ground lease expense
3,542
Adjusted EBITDAre
92,611
428,785
448,512
General and administrative expense
29,374
36,210
24,294
Adjusted Hotel EBITDA
$
121,985
$
464,995
$
472,806
(1)
EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2018 include approximately $5.7 million of lease payments recorded to operating ground lease expense related to four of the Company’s ground leases that were classified as operating leases prior to 2019. Under the current lease accounting standard, effective January 1, 2019, these four ground leases are classified as finance leases, for which the Company recognizes amortization expense and interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (both of which are excluded from EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA calculations), instead of operating ground lease expense.
The following tables reconcile the Company’s GAAP net income (loss) to EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Hotel EBITDA by quarter for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands).
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter
Net income (loss)
$
(2,769
)
$
(78,243
)
$
(40,948
)
$
(51,247
)
Depreciation and amortization
49,522
49,897
50,171
50,196
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable operating
leases, net
Interest and other expense, net
15,566
18,386
18,531
18,352
Income tax expense
EBITDA
62,566
(9,801
)
27,918
17,505
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate
(8,839
)
-
(2,069
)
Loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets
-
4,382
-
EBITDAre
53,727
(5,365
)
27,918
16,151
Non-cash straight-line operating ground lease expense
Adjusted EBITDAre
53,774
(5,321
)
27,962
16,196
General and administrative expense
9,523
6,025
6,726
7,100
Adjusted Hotel EBITDA
$
63,297
$
$
34,688
$
23,296
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter
Net income (loss)
$
38,151
$
62,090
$
46,223
$
25,453
Depreciation and amortization
47,950
48,109
47,887
49,294
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable operating
leases, net
Interest and other expense, net
15,494
15,857
14,759
15,081
Income tax expense
EBITDA
101,832
126,243
109,043
90,033
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate
(1,213
)
-
(3,969
)
Loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets
-
-
6,467
-
EBITDAre
100,619
126,404
115,510
86,064
Non-cash straight-line operating ground lease expense
Adjusted EBITDAre
100,667
126,451
115,557
86,110
General and administrative expense
8,137
8,308
9,039
10,726
Adjusted Hotel EBITDA
$
108,804
$
134,759
$
124,596
$
96,836
Hotels Owned
As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 234 hotels with an aggregate of 29,937 rooms located in 34 states, including one hotel with 118 rooms classified as held for sale, which is expected to be sold to an unrelated party in the first quarter of 2021. See “Management and Franchise Agreements” in Part I, Item 1, Business, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a table summarizing the number of hotels and rooms by brand. Refer to Part I, Item 2, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for tables summarizing the number of hotels and rooms by state, and summarizing the location, brand, manager, date acquired or completed and number of rooms for each of the 234 hotels the Company owned as of December 31, 2020.
Related Parties
The Company has, and is expected to continue to engage in, transactions with related parties. These transactions cannot be construed to be at arm’s length and the results of the Company’s operations may be different if these transactions were conducted with non-related parties. See Note 6 titled “Related Parties” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information concerning the Company’s related party transactions.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Contractual Commitments
The following is a summary of the Company’s significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Amount of Commitments Expiring per Period
Total
1 Year
2-3 Years
4-5 Years
Over 5 Years
Property Purchase Commitments
$
49,632
$
49,632
$
-
$
-
$
-
Debt (including interest of $247.9 million)
1,736,451
129,133
606,731
633,273
367,314
Finance Leases
506,819
9,618
19,883
22,851
454,467
Operating Leases
36,019
1,108
1,699
1,541
31,671
$
2,328,921
$
189,491
$
628,313
$
657,665
$
853,452
Capital Resources
The Company’s principal short term sources of liquidity are the operating cash flows generated from the Company’s properties and availability under its revolving credit facility. Periodically, the Company may receive proceeds from strategic additional secured and unsecured debt financing, dispositions of its hotel properties (such as the sale of three hotels in 2020 for proceeds of approximately $55 million discussed above in “2020 Hotel Portfolio Activities”) and offerings of the Company’s common shares, including pursuant to the 2020 ATM Program. As a result of declines in occupancy caused by
COVID-19, the Company anticipates significantly reduced cash from operations until travel increases in the U.S. To increase readily available liquidity, in March 2020, the Company drew the remaining availability under its $425 million revolving credit facility. In connection with entering into amendments for each of its unsecured credit facilities (discussed below) and as a result of improved operating cash flows during the second half of 2020, the Company has repaid approximately $319.2 million of borrowings under its revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2020. In 2020, the Company took additional steps to preserve capital and increase liquidity, including postponing approximately $50 million of non-essential capital improvements, suspending its monthly distributions and entering into contracts for potential dispositions. Additionally, as a result of the effects of COVID-19 on the economic environment, for certain hotels, the lenders for the associated mortgage loans granted the Company’s request for temporary deferrals of principal and interest payments, which have all resumed as of December 31, 2020. The Company anticipates funding its near-term cash needs with operating cash flows generated from the Company’s properties and availability under its revolving credit facility.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $1.5 billion of total outstanding debt consisting of $512.8 million of mortgage debt and $975.8 million outstanding under its credit facilities, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs and fair value adjustments. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had available corporate cash on hand of approximately $5.6 million. The Company’s unused borrowing capacity under its $425 million revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2020 was $319.2 million. In the near term, the impact of COVID-19 on the global economy, including any sustained decline in the Company’s performance, may make it more difficult or costly for the Company to raise debt or equity capital to fund long-term liquidity requirements. The credit agreements governing the unsecured credit facilities contain mandatory prepayment requirements, customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The credit agreements require that the Company comply with various covenants, which include, among others, a minimum tangible net worth, maximum debt limits, minimum interest and fixed charge coverage ratios and restrictions on certain investments. As a result of COVID-19 and the associated disruption to the Company’s operating results, during April 2020, the Company anticipated that it may not be able to maintain compliance with certain of these covenants in future periods. As a result, on June 5, 2020, the Company entered into amendments to each of the unsecured credit facilities. The amendments suspend the testing of the Company’s existing financial maintenance covenants under the unsecured credit facilities until the date the compliance certificate is required to be delivered for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021 (unless the Company elects an earlier date) (the “Covenant Waiver Period”), and provide for, among other restrictions, the following during the Covenant Waiver Period:
●
Mandatory prepayments of amounts outstanding under the Company’s unsecured credit facilities, of net cash proceeds from certain debt and equity issuances, and asset dispositions, subject to various exceptions. A portion of the mandatory prepayments will be available for future borrowing under the revolving credit facility;
●
A minimum liquidity covenant of $100 million;
●
A requirement to pledge the equity interests of each direct or indirect owner of certain unencumbered property in favor of the administrative agents if average liquidity for any month is less than $275 million or the total amount outstanding under the revolving credit facility exceeds $275 million;
●
Restrictions on the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness or prepay certain existing indebtedness;
●
Restrictions on the Company’s ability to make cash distributions (except to the extent required to maintain REIT status) and share repurchases;
●
Maximum discretionary capital expenditures of $50 million;
●
Limitations on additional investments; and
●
An increase in the applicable interest rate under the unsecured credit facilities until the end of the Covenant Waiver Period to a rate that corresponds to the highest leverage-based applicable interest rate margin with respect to the unsecured credit facilities.
The amendments also modify the calculation of the existing financial covenants for the four quarters subsequent to the end of the Covenant Waiver Period to annualize calculated amounts to the extent the most recently ended fiscal quarter is not at least four fiscal quarters from the end of the Covenant Waiver Period, and provide for an increase in the LIBOR floor under the credit agreements from 0 to 25 basis points for Eurodollar Rate Loans and establish a Base Rate floor of 1.25% on the revolving credit facility, and any term loans under the credit agreements that are not hedged. Except as otherwise set forth in the amendments, the terms of the credit agreements remain in effect.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with the applicable covenants of the credit agreements as amended. However, as a result of the continued disruption from COVID-19 and the related uncertainty on the Company’s operating results, the Company anticipates that it could potentially not be in compliance with certain of the covenants as amended in future periods if the existing Covenant Waiver Period is not further extended. In January 2021, the Company notified lenders under its credit facilities of the anticipated potential non-compliance with certain covenants and anticipates entering into amendments to each of the credit facilities to extend the waiver period for the testing of all but two of its financial maintenance covenants through March 31, 2022. The waiver period for the testing of the ratio of Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Fixed Charges and the ratio of Unencumbered Adjusted NOI to Consolidated Implied Interest Expense for Consolidated Unsecured Indebtedness is anticipated to be extended through December 31, 2021. The Company anticipates that the conditions to obtaining the waivers that currently apply during the Covenant Waiver Period, as implemented in the June 2020 amendments, will generally continue to apply during the extended covenant waiver period described above, including restrictions on the amount of the Company’s distributions, capital expenditures, and share repurchases and acquisitions, but the Company anticipates that the amendments will provide additional flexibility regarding certain of the conditions relative to the current restrictions, including an increased allowance for acquiring unencumbered assets through either proceeds from unencumbered asset sales or equity issuances. The Company also anticipates that the anticipated amendments will provide for less restrictive thresholds for certain financial covenant ratios once covenant testing recommences at the end of the extended covenant waiver period for a transitional period. As part of the amendments, the interest rate under each of its credit facilities is expected to increase 15 basis points during the extended covenant waiver period. Although the Company is close to finalizing these amendments and anticipates completing them in the near future, the amendments have not yet been finalized and the final terms could change. Thus, no assurances can be given as to the final terms of the amendments or that the Company will be able to complete the amendments. If the contemplated amendments are not entered into, and the Company does not meet its applicable covenant requirements in future periods, the Company will be in default under each credit facility. Defaults may result in additional interest expense and a potential acceleration of amounts due under each credit facility, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company if it is unable to obtain alternative sources of capital to repay such amounts. See Note 4 titled “Debt” in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a description of the Company’s debt instruments as of December 31, 2020.
The Company has a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-231021) that was automatically effective upon filing on April 25, 2019. The Company may offer an indeterminate number or amount, as the case may be, of (1) common shares, no par value per share; (2) preferred shares, no par value per share; (3) depository shares representing the Company’s preferred shares; (4) warrants exercisable for the Company’s common shares, preferred shares or depository shares representing preferred shares; (5) rights to purchase common shares; and (6) unsecured senior or subordinate debt securities, all of which may be issued from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. Future offerings will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company, including market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common shares and opportunities for uses of any proceeds.
In connection with the shelf registration statement, on August 12, 2020, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $300 million of its common shares under an at-the-market offering program (the “ATM Program”). As of December 31, 2020, the Company has not sold any common shares under the ATM Program. The Company plans to use the net proceeds from the sale of these shares to pay down borrowings on its revolving credit facility and, under certain circumstances, to repay proportionally amounts under each of the Company’s revolving credit facility, term loans and senior notes. The Company plans to use the corresponding increased availability under the revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes which may include, among other things, acquisitions of additional properties, the repayment of other outstanding indebtedness, capital expenditures, improvement of properties in its portfolio and working capital, subject to certain restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, as discussed further in Note 4 titled “Debt” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company may also use the net proceeds to acquire another REIT or other company that invests in income producing properties.
During April and May 2020, the Company applied for and received approximately $18 million in loans under the CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program. Due to subsequent guidance issued by the Small Business Administration and the Department of Treasury, related to the intended participants in this program, the Company repaid all amounts received. The Company will continue to evaluate relief initiatives and stimulus packages, including any accompanying restrictions on its business that would be imposed by such packages, that may be or become available to the Company under government stimulus programs.
As discussed in Note 3, “Assets Held for Sale and Dispositions” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had an outstanding contract to sell one of its hotels for a gross sales price of approximately $10.3 million. The Company expects to complete the sale of this hotel in the first quarter of 2021. The net proceeds from the sale will be used to pay down borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility.
Capital Uses
Although there can be no assurances, the Company anticipates that available cash and availability under its revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2020, including increased availability from repayments with proceeds from sales of properties, will be adequate to meet its near-term potential operating cash flow deficits that may result from the effects of COVID-19, debt service, hotel acquisitions and capital expenditures. Though not expected, if the Company is unable to meet its near-term anticipated capital uses as currently planned, it may raise capital through dispositions of assets, issuances of equity or debt, which may be more costly to the Company in the current environment.
Distributions
To maintain its REIT status the Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its ordinary income. Distributions paid for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $0.30, $1.20 and $1.20 per common share, respectively and were paid at a monthly rate of $0.10 per common share through March 2020 for a total of approximately $67.4 million, $268.7 million and $275.9 million, respectively. For the same periods, the Company’s net cash generated from operations was approximately $26.7 million, $381.7 million and $404.8 million, respectively. The shortfall for 2020 includes a return of capital and was funded primarily by borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility. As a result of COVID-19 and the impact on its business, the Company suspended its monthly distributions in March 2020. The Company’s Board of Directors, in consultation with management, will continue to monitor hotel operations and intends to resume distributions at a time and level determined to be prudent in relation to the Company’s other cash requirements or in order to maintain its REIT status for federal income tax purposes, subject to any applicable distribution restrictions under the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. As discussed in Note 4 titled “Debt” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, distributions are currently subject to certain restrictions that apply during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the terms of the June 2020 amendments to the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. The Company incurred a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 resulting in a net loss carryforward for federal income tax purposes of approximately $67.0 million, which will be applied to future taxable earnings subject to limitations imposed by the Code, as amended, which will likely delay the need to make additional distributions to maintain the Company’s REIT status.
Share Repurchases
In May 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an extension of its existing Share Repurchase Program, authorizing share repurchases up to an aggregate of $345 million. The Share Repurchase Program may be suspended or terminated at any time by the Company and will end in July 2021 if not terminated earlier. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company purchased, under its Share Repurchase Program, approximately 1.5 million, 0.3 million and 6.6 million of its common shares, respectively, at a weighted-average market purchase price of approximately $9.42, $14.92 and $15.87 per common share, respectively, for an aggregate purchase price, including commissions, of approximately $14.3 million, $4.3 million and $104.3 million, respectively. The shares were repurchased under a written trading plan that provided for share repurchases in open market transactions and was intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. In March 2020 the Company terminated its written trading plan under the Share Repurchase Program and did not engage in additional repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program during the balance of 2020. Repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program have been funded, and the Company intends to fund future repurchases, with cash on hand or availability under its unsecured credit facilities, subject to any applicable restrictions under the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. As discussed in Note 4 titled “Debt” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, share repurchases are currently subject to certain restrictions that apply during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the terms of the June 2020 amendments to the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. The timing of share repurchases and the number of common shares to be repurchased under the Share Repurchase Program will also depend upon prevailing market conditions, regulatory requirements and other factors.
Capital Improvements
Management routinely monitors the condition and operations of its hotels and plans renovations and other improvements as it deems prudent. The Company has ongoing capital commitments to fund its capital improvements. To maintain and enhance each property’s competitive position in its market, the Company has invested in and plans to continue
to reinvest in its hotels. Under certain loan and management agreements, the Company is required to place in escrow funds for the repair, replacement and refurbishing of furniture, fixtures, and equipment, based on a percentage of gross revenues, provided that such amount may be used for the Company’s capital expenditures with respect to the hotels. As of December 31, 2020, the Company held approximately $25.3 million in reserve related to these properties. During 2020, the Company invested approximately $37.6 million in capital expenditures, which was approximately $50 million less than originally planned as the Company postponed all planned non-essential capital improvements after March 2020 in order to maintain a sound liquidity position as a result of COVID-19. The Company anticipates spending approximately $25 to $30 million during 2021, which includes various renovation projects. The amended covenants on the Company’s unsecured debt contain restrictions on the amount and type of spending for capital improvements during the Covenant Waiver Period, as discussed further in “Capital Resources” above. The Company does not currently have any existing or planned projects for new property development.
Hotel Purchase Contract Commitments
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had one outstanding contract, which was entered into prior to 2020, for the potential purchase of a newly developed hotel for a total expected purchase price of approximately $49.6 million. The hotel was completed and opened for business in February 2021, at which time closing on this hotel occurred. The Company utilized borrowings under its revolving credit facility to purchase the hotel.
Lease Commitments
Under the terms of the Company’s ground leases, certain minimum lease payments are subject to change based on criteria specified in the lease. Minimum lease payments may be estimated if the change date occurs and the new minimum lease payments are not yet determinable. During 2019, the Company estimated a required increase in lease payments under one of its finance ground leases, resulting in an increase in the finance ground lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and liability at the anticipated date of the change. The amount of the increase and the effective date of the change are subject to agreement with the lessor and could increase in the future. As of December 31, 2020, the Company and the lessor had not reached an agreement on the increase in future lease payments and, as a result, the projected future lease payments and impact on the lease ROU asset and liability is uncertain. See Note 10 titled “Lease Commitments” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for additional information.
Cash Management Activities
As part of the cost sharing arrangements discussed in Note 6 titled “Related Parties” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, certain day-to-day transactions may result in amounts due to or from the Company and ARG. To efficiently manage cash disbursements, the Company or ARG may make payments for the other company. Under the cash management process, each company may advance or defer up to $1 million at any time. Each quarter, any outstanding amounts are settled between the companies. This process allows each company to minimize its cash on hand and reduces the cost for each company. The amounts outstanding at any point in time are not significant to either of the companies.
Management and Franchise Agreements
Each of the Company’s 234 hotels owned as of December 31, 2020 is operated and managed under separate management agreements with 17 hotel management companies, none of which are affiliated with the Company. Fifteen of the Company’s hotels are managed by affiliates of Marriott or Hilton. The remainder of the Company’s hotels are managed by companies that are not affiliated with either Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt, and as a result, the branded hotels they manage were required to obtain separate franchise agreements with the applicable franchisor. See Note 9 titled “Management and Franchise Agreements” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information pertaining to the management and franchise agreements, including a listing of the Company’s hotel management companies.
Business Interruption
Being in the real estate industry, the Company is exposed to natural disasters on both a local and national scale. Although management believes it has adequate insurance to cover this exposure, there can be no assurance that such events will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Seasonality
The hotel industry has been historically seasonal in nature. Seasonal variations in occupancy at the Company’s hotels may cause quarterly fluctuations in its revenues. Generally, occupancy rates and hotel revenues are greater in the second and third quarters than in the first and fourth quarters. However, due to the effects of COVID-19, these typical seasonal patterns did not have as significant of an impact on the overall fluctuations in occupancy rates and hotel revenues in the first half of 2020, although the Company experienced some seasonal decrease in demand in November and December. To the extent that cash flow from operations is insufficient during any quarter, due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in revenue, the Company expects to utilize cash on hand or available financing sources to meet cash requirements.
Critical Accounting Policies
The following contains a discussion of what the Company believes to be its critical accounting policies. These items should be read to gain a further understanding of the principles used to prepare the Company’s financial statements. These principles include application of judgment; therefore, changes in judgments may have a significant impact on the Company’s reported results of operations and financial condition.
Investment Policy
Upon acquisition of real estate properties, the Company estimates the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, buildings and improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment) and identified intangible assets and liabilities, including in-place leases, and assumed debt based on the evaluation of information and estimates available at that date. Fair values for these assets are not directly observable and estimates are based on comparables and other information which is subjective in nature. The Company has not assigned any value to management contracts and franchise agreements as such contracts are generally at current market rates based on the remaining terms of the contracts and any other value attributable to these contracts is not considered material. Acquisitions of hotel properties are generally accounted for as acquisitions of a group of assets, with costs incurred to effect an acquisition, including title, legal, accounting, brokerage commissions and other related costs, being capitalized as part of the cost of the assets acquired, instead of accounted for separately as expenses in the period that they are incurred.
Capitalization Policy
The Company considers expenditures to be capital in nature based on the following criteria: (1) for a single asset, the cost must be at least $500, including all normal and necessary costs to place the asset in service, and the useful life must be at least one year; (2) for group purchases of 10 or more identical assets, the unit cost for each asset must be at least $50, including all normal and necessary costs to place the asset in service, and the useful life must be at least one year; and (3) for major repairs to a single asset, the repair must be at least $2,500 and the useful life of the asset must be substantially extended.
Impairment Losses Policy
The Company records impairment losses on hotel properties used in operations if indicators of impairment are present, and the sum of the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the respective properties over their estimated remaining useful life, based on historical and industry data, is less than the properties’ carrying amount. Indicators of impairment include a property with current or potential losses from operations, when it becomes more likely than not that a property will be sold before the end of its previously estimated useful life or when events, trends, contingencies or changes in circumstances indicate that a triggering event has occurred and an asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company monitors its properties on an ongoing basis by analytically reviewing financial performance and considers each property individually for purposes of reviewing for indicators of impairment. As many indicators of impairment are subjective, such as general economic and market declines, the Company also prepares an annual recoverability analysis for each of its properties to assist with its evaluation of impairment indicators. The analysis compares each property’s net book value to each property’s estimated operating income using current operating results for each stabilized property and projected stabilized operating results based on the property’s market for properties that recently opened, were recently renovated or experienced other short-term business disruption. The Company’s planned initial hold period for each property is generally 39 years. If events or circumstances change, such as the Company’s intended hold period for a property or if the operating performance of a property declines substantially for an extended period of time, the Company’s carrying value for a particular property may not be recoverable, and an impairment loss will be recorded. Impairment losses are measured as the difference between the asset’s fair value and its carrying value. The Company’s ongoing analyses and annual recoverability analyses have not identified any impairment losses other than the losses on impairment of one property recorded in 2020, one property recorded in 2019 and three properties recorded in 2018 totaling approximately $5.1 million, $6.5 million and $3.1
million, respectively, as discussed herein in Note 3 titled “Assets Held for Sale and Dispositions” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
New Accounting Standards
See Note 1 titled “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Part II, Item 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for information on the adoption of the new fair value measurement accounting standard on January 1, 2020 and the guidance in the reference rate reform accounting standard effective in March 2020.
Subsequent Events
On February 18, 2021, the Company closed on the purchase of the newly developed 176-room Hilton Garden Inn in Madison, Wisconsin, for a gross purchase price of approximately $49.6 million, utilizing borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility.

---

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s financial instruments were not exposed to significant market risk due to foreign currency exchange risk, commodity price risk or equity price risk. However, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk due to possible changes in short term interest rates as it invests its cash or borrows on its revolving credit facility and due to the portion of its variable-rate term debt that is not fixed by interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2020, after giving effect to interest rate swaps, as described below, approximately $201.4 million, or approximately 14% of the Company’s total debt outstanding, was subject to variable interest rates. Based on the Company’s variable-rate debt outstanding as of December 31, 2020, every 100 basis points change in interest rates will impact the Company’s annual net income by approximately $0.2 million (subject to the LIBOR floor as discussed in Note 4 titled “Debt” in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K), all other factors remaining the same. With the exception of interest rate swap transactions, the Company has not engaged in transactions in derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s variable-rate debt consisted of its credit facilities, including borrowings outstanding under its $425 million revolving credit facility and $820 million of term loans, and a $20.6 million loan secured by two of its properties. Currently, the Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk on a portion of its variable-rate debt. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 14 interest rate swap agreements that effectively fix the interest payments on approximately $745.0 million of the Company’s variable-rate debt outstanding with maturity dates ranging from March 2021 to December 2029. In addition, the Company has entered into an interest rate swap agreement which, beginning May 18, 2021, will effectively fix the interest rate on an additional $75 million of its variable-rate debt. Under the terms of all of the Company’s interest rate swaps, the Company pays a fixed rate of interest and receives a floating rate of interest equal to the one-month LIBOR. See Note 5 titled “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a description of the Company’s interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2020.
In addition to its variable-rate debt and interest rate swaps discussed above, the Company has assumed or originated fixed interest rate mortgages payable to lenders under permanent financing arrangements as well as one $50 million fixed-rate senior notes facility. The following table summarizes the annual maturities and average interest rates of the Company’s mortgage debt and borrowings outstanding under its credit facilities at December 31, 2020. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
Thereafter
Total
Fair
Market
Value
Total debt:
Maturities
$
70,724
$
215,631
$
296,213
$
338,597
$
245,140
$
322,265
$
1,488,570
$
1,494,175
Average interest rates (1)
3.9
%
3.8
%
4.0
%
4.2
%
4.3
%
4.3
%
Variable-rate debt:
Maturities
$
20,551
$
105,800
$
250,000
$
310,000
$
175,000
$
85,000
$
946,351
$
931,264
Average interest rates (1)
3.6
%
3.7
%
4.0
%
4.4
%
4.8
%
5.4
%
Fixed-rate debt:
Maturities
$
50,173
$
109,831
$
46,213
$
28,597
$
70,140
$
237,265
$
542,219
$
562,911
Average interest rates
4.3
%
4.1
%
4.0
%
4.0
%
3.9
%
3.9
%
(1)
The average interest rate gives effect to interest rate swaps, as applicable.

---

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
February 23, 2021
To the Shareholders
Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.
Management of Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. As defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of the Company’s principal executive, principal financial and principal accounting officers and effected by the Company’s Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is supported by written policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Company’s transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, management has undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of those controls.
Based on this assessment, management has concluded that as of December 31, 2020, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this report, has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, a copy of which appears on the next page of this annual report.
/s/ Justin G. Knight
/s/ Elizabeth S. Perkins
/s/ Rachel S. Labrecque
Justin G. Knight,
Chief Executive Officer
Elizabeth S. Perkins,
Chief Financial Officer
Rachel S. Labrecque,
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
(Principal Financial
Officer)
(Principal Accounting
Officer)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(2) and our report dated February 23, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Richmond, Virginia
February 23, 2021
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 23, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Adoption of ASU No. 2016-02
As discussed in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases in 2019 due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and the related amendments.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Investments in Real Estate - Indicators of impairment
Description of the Matter
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had investments in real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $4.7 billion. As more fully described in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company records impairment losses on hotel properties used in operations if indicators of impairment are present, and the sum of the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the respective properties over their estimated remaining useful life, based on historical and industry data, is less than the properties’ carrying amounts. Many indicators of impairment, such as a change in the intended holding period of the property, are subjective and the Company also prepares an annual recoverability analysis assuming estimated cash flows for each of its properties to assist with its evaluation of impairment indicators.
Auditing management’s analysis is complex due to the highly judgmental nature of identifying indicators of impairment as well as a change in a property’s intended hold period.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s review for indicators of impairment, including changes in the intended hold period. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the recoverability analysis and significant assumptions described above.
Our testing of the Company’s indicators of impairment included, among others, testing the recoverability analysis. For example, we tested estimated cash flows by comparing them to historical operating results by property and current industry, market, and economic trends. In addition, we considered the hold period necessary for the property’s carrying value to be recovered via undiscounted cash flows. We held discussions with management about the current status of potential transactions and management’s judgments to understand the probability of future events that could affect the holding period and other cash flow assumptions for the properties. We searched for and evaluated information that corroborated or contradicted the Company’s assumptions.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2007.
Richmond, Virginia
February 23, 2021
Apple Hospitality REIT , Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)
As of December 31,
Assets
Investment in real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of
$1,235,698 and $1,054,429, respectively
$
4,732,896
$
4,825,738
Assets held for sale
5,316
12,093
Cash and cash equivalents
5,556
-
Restricted cash-furniture, fixtures and other escrows
28,812
34,661
Due from third party managers, net
22,137
26,926
Other assets, net
35,042
42,993
Total Assets
$
4,829,759
$
4,942,411
Liabilities
Debt, net
$
1,482,571
$
1,320,407
Finance lease liabilities
219,981
216,627
Accounts payable and other liabilities
97,860
114,364
Total Liabilities
1,800,412
1,651,398
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock, authorized 30,000,000 shares; none issued and outstanding
-
-
Common stock, no par value, authorized 800,000,000 shares; issued and
outstanding 223,212,346 and 223,862,913 shares, respectively
4,488,419
4,493,763
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(42,802
)
(4,698
)
Distributions greater than net income
(1,416,270
)
(1,198,052
)
Total Shareholders' Equity
3,029,347
3,291,013
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
$
4,829,759
$
4,942,411
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
Revenues:
Room
$
560,485
$
1,167,203
$
1,172,331
Food and beverage
16,719
59,815
62,600
Other
24,675
39,579
35,624
Total revenue
601,879
1,266,597
1,270,555
Expenses:
Hotel operating expense:
Operating
156,099
312,449
315,363
Hotel administrative
68,473
103,895
102,019
Sales and marketing
61,003
116,089
105,834
Utilities
33,412
40,598
42,474
Repair and maintenance
37,087
52,695
51,813
Franchise fees
26,387
54,862
54,494
Management fees
19,817
43,828
43,937
Total hotel operating expense
402,278
724,416
715,934
Property taxes, insurance and other
76,729
75,840
74,640
Operating ground lease
1,509
1,658
11,364
General and administrative
29,374
36,210
24,294
Loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets
5,097
6,467
3,135
Depreciation and amortization
199,786
193,240
183,482
Total expense
714,773
1,037,831
1,012,849
Gain on sale of real estate
10,854
5,021
Operating income (loss)
(102,040
)
233,787
257,858
Interest and other expense, net
(70,835
)
(61,191
)
(51,185
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
(172,875
)
172,596
206,673
Income tax expense
(332
)
(679
)
(587
)
Net income (loss)
$
(173,207
)
$
171,917
$
206,086
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Interest rate derivatives
(38,104
)
(14,704
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
(211,311
)
$
157,213
$
206,314
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share
$
(0.77
)
$
0.77
$
0.90
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and
diluted
223,544
223,910
229,659
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
(in thousands, except per share data)
Accumulated
Common Stock
Other
Distributions
Number
of Shares
Amount
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Greater Than
Net Income
Total
Balance at December 31, 2017
229,962
$
4,588,188
$
9,778
$
(1,026,881
)
$
3,571,085
Share based compensation, net
6,512
-
-
6,512
Issuance of common shares, net
4,677
-
-
4,677
Common shares repurchased
(6,570
)
(104,304
)
-
-
(104,304
)
Interest rate derivatives
-
-
-
Net income
-
-
-
206,086
206,086
Distributions declared to shareholders ($1.20 per
share)
-
-
-
(275,274
)
(275,274
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
223,997
4,495,073
10,006
(1,096,069
)
3,409,010
Cumulative effect of the adoption of ASU 2016-02
related to leases
-
-
-
(5,201
)
(5,201
)
Share based compensation, net
3,025
-
-
3,025
Common shares repurchased
(290
)
(4,335
)
-
-
(4,335
)
Interest rate derivatives
-
-
(14,704
)
-
(14,704
)
Net income
-
-
-
171,917
171,917
Distributions declared to shareholders ($1.20 per
share)
-
-
-
(268,699
)
(268,699
)
Balance at December 31, 2019
223,863
4,493,763
(4,698
)
(1,198,052
)
3,291,013
Share based compensation, net
9,368
-
-
9,368
Equity issuance costs
-
(376
)
-
-
(376
)
Common shares repurchased
(1,521
)
(14,336
)
-
-
(14,336
)
Interest rate derivatives
-
-
(38,104
)
-
(38,104
)
Net loss
-
-
-
(173,207
)
(173,207
)
Distributions declared to shareholders ($.20 per
share)
-
-
-
(45,011
)
(45,011
)
Balance at December 31, 2020
223,212
$
4,488,419
$
(42,802
)
$
(1,416,270
)
$
3,029,347
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Year Ended December, 31
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)
$
(173,207
)
$
171,917
$
206,086
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
199,786
193,240
183,482
Loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets
5,097
6,467
3,135
Gain on sale of real estate
(10,854
)
(5,021
)
(152
)
Other non-cash expenses, net
8,859
4,520
7,972
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease in due from third party managers, net
4,795
2,221
2,027
Increase in other assets, net
(580
)
(821
)
(772
)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities
(7,168
)
9,151
3,034
Net cash provided by operating activities
26,728
381,674
404,812
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of hotel properties, net
(88,677
)
(59,424
)
(150,746
)
Refunds (payments) for potential acquisitions, net
(1,229
)
(537
)
Capital improvements
(48,559
)
(74,896
)
(74,293
)
Net proceeds from sale of real estate
54,499
121,225
15,416
Net cash used in investing activities
(82,261
)
(14,324
)
(210,160
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds (disbursements) related to issuance of common shares
(377
)
-
4,677
Repurchases of common shares
(14,336
)
(4,335
)
(104,304
)
Repurchases of common shares to satisfy employee withholding requirements
(2,532
)
(577
)
(1,525
)
Distributions paid to common shareholders
(67,378
)
(268,672
)
(275,892
)
Net proceeds from (payments on) revolving credit facility
54,900
(217,900
)
268,800
Net payments on extinguished revolving credit facility
-
-
(106,900
)
Proceeds from term loans and senior notes
50,000
160,000
575,000
Repayment of term loans and senior notes
-
-
(575,000
)
Proceeds from mortgage debt and other loans
81,520
-
44,000
Payments of mortgage debt and other loans
(44,268
)
(33,806
)
(12,663
)
Financing costs
(2,289
)
(1,031
)
(7,004
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
55,240
(366,321
)
(190,811
)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(293
)
1,029
3,841
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
34,661
33,632
29,791
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
34,368
$
34,661
$
33,632
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid
$
63,531
$
59,877
$
50,312
Income taxes paid
$
$
$
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Notes payable originated from acquisitions
$
20,551
$
-
$
-
Accrued distribution to common shareholders
$
-
$
22,386
$
22,400
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
$
-
$
-
$
-
Restricted cash-furniture, fixtures and other escrows, beginning of period
34,661
33,632
29,791
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
$
34,661
$
33,632
$
29,791
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
5,556
$
-
$
-
Restricted cash-furniture, fixtures and other escrows, end of period
28,812
34,661
33,632
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
34,368
$
34,661
$
33,632
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc., formed in November 2007 as a Virginia corporation, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”), is a self-advised real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that invests in income-producing real estate, primarily in the lodging sector, in the United States (“U.S.”). The Company’s fiscal year end is December 31. The Company has no foreign operations or assets and its operating structure includes only one reportable segment. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Although the Company has interests in potential variable interest entities through its purchase commitments, it is not the primary beneficiary as the Company does not have any elements of power in the decision making process of these entities, and therefore does not consolidate the entities. As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 234 hotels with an aggregate of 29,937 rooms located in 34 states, including one hotel with 118 rooms classified as held for sale, which is expected to be sold to an unrelated party in the first quarter of 2021. All information related to the number of rooms included in these notes to the consolidated financial statements and Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization listed in the Index at Item 15 has not been audited. The Company’s common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “APLE.”
The Company has elected to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. The Company has a wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiary (or subsidiaries thereof) (collectively, the “Lessee”), which leases all of the Company’s hotels.
Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Pandemic
As a result of the current novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the impact it has had on travel and the broader economy throughout the U.S., the Company’s hotels have experienced significant declines in occupancy, which has had and is expected to continue to have a significant negative effect on the Company’s revenue and operating results. There remains significant uncertainty as to when operations at the hotels will return to normalized levels. As of December 31, 2020, although each of the Company’s hotels was open and receiving reservations, the Company continued to intentionally consolidate operations for five hotels, down from 38 hotels as of May 2020, in certain market clusters to maximize operational efficiencies.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The fair market value of cash and cash equivalents approximates their carrying value. Cash balances may at times exceed federal depository insurance limits.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance, and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements of up to 5% of property revenue for certain hotels, as required by certain management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions. The fair market value of restricted cash approximates its carrying value.
Investment in Real Estate and Related Depreciation and Amortization
Real estate is stated at cost, net of depreciation and amortization. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred while significant improvements, renovations, and replacements are capitalized. As further discussed in Note 10, finance ground lease assets are capitalized at the estimated present value of the remaining minimum lease payments under the leases. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the average estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally 39 years for buildings, the remaining life of the lease for finance ground leases (which in some instances may include renewal options), 10 to 20 years for franchise fees, 10 years for major improvements and three to seven years for furniture and equipment.
The Company considers expenditures to be capital in nature based on the following criteria: (1) for a single asset, the cost must be at least $500, including all normal and necessary costs to place the asset in service, and the useful life must be at least one year; (2) for group purchases of 10 or more identical assets, the unit cost for each asset must be at least $50,
including all normal and necessary costs to place the asset in service, and the useful life must be at least one year; and (3) for major repairs to a single asset, the repair must be at least $2,500 and the useful life of the asset must be substantially extended.
Upon acquisition of real estate properties, the Company estimates the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, buildings and improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment) and identified intangible assets and liabilities, including in-place leases, and assumed debt based on the evaluation of information and estimates available at that date. Fair values for these assets are not directly observable and estimates are based on comparables and other information which is subjective in nature. The Company has not assigned any value to management contracts and franchise agreements as such contracts are generally at current market rates based on the remaining terms of the contracts and any other value attributable to these contracts is not considered material. Acquisitions of hotel properties are generally accounted for as acquisitions of a group of assets, with costs incurred to effect an acquisition, including title, legal, accounting, brokerage commissions and other related costs, being capitalized as part of the cost of the assets acquired, instead of accounted for separately as expenses in the period that they are incurred.
The Company records impairment losses on hotel properties used in operations if indicators of impairment are present, and the sum of the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the respective properties over their estimated remaining useful life, based on historical and industry data, is less than the properties’ carrying amount. Indicators of impairment include a property with current or potential losses from operations, when it becomes more likely than not that a property will be sold before the end of its previously estimated useful life or when events, trends, contingencies or changes in circumstances indicate that a triggering event has occurred and an asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company monitors its properties on an ongoing basis by analytically reviewing financial performance and considers each property individually for purposes of reviewing for indicators of impairment. As many indicators of impairment are subjective, such as general economic and market declines, the Company also prepares an annual recoverability analysis for each of its properties to assist with its evaluation of impairment indicators. Given the disruption in 2020 caused by COVID-19, the Company performed an annual recoverability analysis by comparing each property's net book value to its estimated operating income based on assumptions and estimates about the property's future revenues, expenses and capital expenditures after recovery from disruption resulting from COVID-19 and other disruptive events such as renovations or newly opened hotels in the same market. The Company’s planned initial hold period for each property is generally 39 years. If events or circumstances change, such as the Company’s intended hold period for a property or if the operating performance of a property declines substantially for an extended period of time, the Company’s carrying value for a particular property may not be recoverable, and an impairment loss will be recorded. Impairment losses are measured as the difference between the asset’s fair value and its carrying value. The Company’s ongoing analyses and annual recoverability analyses have not identified any impairment losses other than the losses on impairment of one property recorded in 2020, one property recorded in 2019 and three properties recorded in 2018 totaling approximately $5.1 million, $6.5 million and $3.1 million, respectively, as discussed in Note 3.
Assets Held for Sale
The Company classifies assets as held for sale when a binding agreement to sell the property has been signed under which the buyer has committed a significant amount of nonrefundable cash, no significant contingencies exist which could prevent the transaction from being completed in a timely manner, and the sale is expected to close within one year. If these criteria are met, the Company will cease recording depreciation and amortization and will record an impairment charge if the fair value less costs to sell is less than the carrying amount of the disposal group. The Company will generally classify the impairment charge, together with the related operating results, as continuing operations in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and classify the assets and related liabilities as held for sale in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. If the Company’s plan of sale changes and the Company subsequently decides not to sell a property that is classified as held for sale, the property will be reclassified as held and used in the period the change occurs. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had one hotel classified as held for sale, which is expected to be sold to an unrelated party in the first quarter of 2021. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had one hotel classified as held for sale, which was sold to an unrelated party in January 2020, discussed further in Note 3.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues consist of amounts derived from hotel operations, including room sales, food and beverage sales, and other hotel revenues, and are presented on a disaggregated basis in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes hotel operating revenue when guest rooms are occupied, services have been provided or fees have been earned. Revenues are recorded net of any sales, occupancy or other taxes collected from customers on behalf of third parties. Room revenue is recognized when the Company’s hotels satisfy their performance obligation of providing a hotel room. The
hotel reservation defines the terms of the agreement including an agreed-upon rate and length of stay. Food and beverage revenue is recognized at the time the food or beverage is purchased by and provided to the customer. Other operating revenue is recognized at the time when the goods or services are provided to the customer or when the performance obligation is satisfied. Payment is due at the time that goods or services are rendered or billed. For room revenue, payment is typically due and paid in full at the end of the stay with some customers prepaying for their rooms prior to the stay. Payments received from a customer prior to arrival are recorded as an advance deposit and are recognized as revenue at the time of occupancy.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), which is comprised of unrealized gains or losses resulting from hedging activity.
Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed based upon the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated after giving effect to all potential common shares that were dilutive and outstanding for the year. Basic and dilutive net income (loss) per common share were the same for each of the years presented.
Income Taxes
The Company is operated as, and has elected to be taxed as, a REIT under Sections 856 to 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“the Code”). Earnings and profits, which will determine the taxability of distributions to shareholders, will differ from income reported for financial reporting purposes primarily due to the differences for federal income tax purposes in the carrying value (basis) of the investment in properties and estimated useful lives used to compute depreciation, straight-line operating ground lease expense, amortization of favorable and unfavorable leases, amortization and interest expense versus lease payments related to finance ground leases, loss on impairment of depreciable real estate assets and gain (loss) on sale of real estate assets. The characterization of 2020 paid distributions of $0.30 per share for tax purposes was 100% return of capital, 2019 paid distributions of $1.20 per share for tax purposes was 78% ordinary income and 22% return of capital and 2018 paid distributions of $1.20 per share for tax purposes was 84% ordinary income and 16% return of capital. The Company’s REIT incurred a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020. The total net loss carryforward for federal income tax purposes was approximately $67.0 million as of December 31, 2020, and will not expire but is subject to limitations as imposed by the Code for REITs. No provision for U.S. Federal income taxes has been included in the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 related to its REIT activities.
The Lessee, as a taxable REIT subsidiary of the Company, is subject to federal and state income taxes. Due to historical cumulative operating losses, the taxable REIT subsidiary did not incur federal income tax for the three years ended December 31, 2020 and recorded a valuation allowance against the entire deferred asset for all periods presented. The total net operating loss carry forward for federal income tax purposes was approximately $140 million as of December 31, 2020, $101 million as of December 31, 2019 and $94 million as of December 31, 2018. The net operating losses expire beginning in 2028. There are no material differences between the book and tax cost basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities, except for the carrying value (basis) of the investment in properties. The Company’s income tax expense as shown in the consolidated statements of operations primarily includes franchise and income taxes at the state jurisdiction level, which do not have any associated material deferred taxes.
As of December 31, 2020, the tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions generally include 2017-2020.
Sales and Marketing Costs
Sales and marketing costs are expensed when incurred. These costs represent the expense for franchise advertising and reservation systems under the terms of the hotel management and franchise agreements and general and administrative expenses that are directly attributable to advertising and promotion.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Accounting Standards Recently Adopted
Fair Value Measurement
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which removes, modifies and adds fair value disclosure requirements, including a new requirement to disclose the range and weighted average of significant observable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Certain disclosures are required to be applied retrospectively and others applied prospectively. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2020, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Reference Rate Reform
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which provides optional guidance through December 31, 2022 to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in ASU No. 2020-04 apply to contract modifications that replace a reference rate affected by reference rate reform, providing optional expedients regarding the measurement of hedge effectiveness in hedging relationships that have been modified to replace a reference rate. The guidance in ASU No. 2020-04 became effective upon issuance and the provisions of the ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as of December 31, 2020.
Note 2
Investment in Real Estate
The Company’s investment in real estate consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
December 31,
Land
$
725,512
$
724,054
Building and Improvements
4,525,850
4,458,383
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
499,865
486,386
Finance Ground Lease Assets
203,617
197,617
Franchise Fees
13,750
13,727
5,968,594
5,880,167
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization
(1,235,698
)
(1,054,429
)
Investment in Real Estate, net
$
4,732,896
$
4,825,738
As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 234 hotels with an aggregate of 29,937 rooms located in 34 states, including one hotel with 118 rooms classified as held for sale, which is expected to be sold to an unrelated party in the first quarter of 2021.
The Company leases all of its hotels to its wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiary (or a subsidiary thereof) under master hotel lease agreements.
2020 and 2019 Acquisitions
During 2020, the Company acquired four hotels. The following table sets forth the location, brand, manager, date acquired, number of rooms and gross purchase price, excluding transaction costs, for each hotel. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
City
State
Brand
Manager
Date
Acquired
Rooms
Gross
Purchase
Price
Cape Canaveral
FL
Hampton
LBA
4/30/2020
$
24,102
Cape Canaveral
FL
Home2 Suites
LBA
4/30/2020
22,602
Tempe
AZ
Hyatt House
Crestline
8/13/2020
26,309
Tempe
AZ
Hyatt Place
Crestline
8/13/2020
38,279
$
111,292
During 2019, the Company acquired three hotels. The following table sets forth the location, brand, manager, date acquired, number of rooms and gross purchase price, excluding transaction costs, for each hotel. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
City
State
Brand
Manager
Date
Acquired
Rooms
Gross
Purchase
Price
St. Paul
MN
Hampton
Vista Host
3/4/2019
$
31,680
Orlando
FL
Home2 Suites
LBA
3/19/2019
20,736
Richmond
VA
Independent
Crestline
10/9/2019
6,875
$
59,291
The Company utilized $25.0 million of its available cash and entered into a one-year note payable with the developer secured by the hotels for $21.7 million to fund the purchase price of the Cape Canaveral, Florida hotels. The note payable bears interest, which is payable monthly, at a floating annual rate equal to the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate for a one-month term (“one-month LIBOR”) plus a margin of 2.0% for the first six months of the loan term and 3.0% for the second six months of the loan term. In July 2020, the principal amount of the note was reduced by approximately $1.1 million representing a credit from the developer for shared construction savings. The Company used borrowings under its revolving credit facility to purchase each of the other hotels acquired in 2020 and 2019. The acquisitions of these hotel properties were accounted for as acquisitions of asset groups, whereby costs incurred to effect the acquisitions (which were not significant) were capitalized as part of the cost of the assets acquired. For the four hotels acquired during 2020, the amount of revenue and operating loss included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2020 was approximately $3.5 million and $(1.5) million, respectively. For the three hotels acquired during 2019, the amount of revenue and operating income included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2019 was approximately $9.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
Note 3
Assets Held for Sale and Dispositions
Assets Held for Sale
In October 2020, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement with an unrelated party for the sale of its Charlotte, North Carolina Homewood Suites for a gross sales price of $10.3 million. Since the buyer under the contract had completed its due diligence and had made a non-refundable deposit, as of December 31, 2020, the Company classified the hotel as assets held for sale in its consolidated balance sheet at its carrying value (which was less than the contract price, net of costs to sell). The Company expects to complete the sale of the hotel in the first quarter of 2021, resulting in a gain which will be recognized at that time. The estimated gain is calculated as the total sales price, net of commissions and selling costs, less the carrying value totaling approximately $5.3 million as of December 31, 2020. The net proceeds from the sale will be used to pay down borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility, subject to certain restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, as discussed further in Note 4.
2020 Dispositions
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold three hotels in three transactions with unrelated parties for a total combined gross sales price of approximately $55.3 million, resulting in a combined gain on sale of approximately $10.9 million, which is included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. The three hotels had a total carrying value of approximately $43.8 million at the time of the sale. The following table lists the three hotels sold:
City
State
Brand
Date Sold
Rooms
Sanford
FL
SpringHill Suites
1/16/2020
Boise
ID
SpringHill Suites
2/27/2020
Tulare
CA
Hampton
12/30/2020
Total
2019 Dispositions
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company sold 11 hotels in three transactions with unrelated parties for a total combined gross sales price of approximately $121.7 million, resulting in a combined gain on sale of approximately $5.6 million, which is included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019. The 11 hotels had a total carrying value of approximately $115.1 million at the time of the sale. The following table lists the 11 hotels sold:
City
State
Brand
Date Sold
Rooms
Sarasota
FL
Homewood Suites
3/28/2019
Tampa
FL
TownePlace Suites
3/28/2019
Baton Rouge
LA
SpringHill Suites
3/28/2019
Holly Springs
NC
Hampton
3/28/2019
Duncanville
TX
Hilton Garden Inn
3/28/2019
Texarkana
TX
Courtyard
3/28/2019
Texarkana
TX
TownePlace Suites
3/28/2019
Bristol
VA
Courtyard
3/28/2019
Harrisonburg
VA
Courtyard
3/28/2019
Winston-Salem
NC
Courtyard
12/19/2019
Fort Lauderdale
FL
Hampton
12/30/2019
Total
1,285
2018 Dispositions
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company sold three hotels in two transactions with unrelated parties for a total combined gross sales price of approximately $15.8 million, resulting in a combined gain on sale of approximately $0.2 million, which is included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. The following table lists the three hotels sold:
City
State
Brand
Date Sold
Rooms
Columbus
GA
SpringHill Suites
7/13/2018
Columbus
GA
TownePlace Suites
7/13/2018
Springdale
AR
Residence Inn
11/29/2018
Total
Excluding gains on sale of real estate, the Company’s consolidated statements of operations include operating income (loss) of approximately $0.0 million, $(0.1) million and $8.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, relating to the results of operations of the 18 hotels noted above (the one hotel classified as held for sale at December 31, 2020, the three hotels sold in 2020, the 11 hotels sold in 2019 and the three hotels sold in 2018) for the period of ownership. The sale of these properties does not represent a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results, and therefore the operating results for the period of ownership of these properties are included in income from continuing operations for the three years ended December 31, 2020, as applicable. The net proceeds from the sales were used to pay down borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility.
Loss on Impairment of Depreciable Real Estate Assets
During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded impairment losses totaling approximately $5.1 million, $6.5 million and $3.1 million.
In 2020, the Company entered into two purchase and sale agreements with unrelated parties for the sale of its 140-room Memphis, Tennessee Homewood Suites, the first of which was terminated October 2020 and the second of which was signed in November 2020. As a result, the Company recognized impairment losses totaling approximately $5.1 million in 2020, representing the difference between the carrying values of the hotel and the contracted sales prices, net of estimated selling costs, which are Level 1 inputs under the fair value hierarchy. Although the Company is working towards the sale of this hotel, the contract is still in the due diligence review period as of February 23, 2021 and there are a number of conditions to closing that have not yet been satisfied and there can be no assurance that a closing on this hotel will occur under the outstanding purchase and sale agreement. If the closing occurs, this sale is expected to be completed in the first half of 2021.
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company identified the Winston-Salem, North Carolina Courtyard for potential sale and, in August 2019, entered into a purchase and sale agreement with an unrelated party (which was subsequently amended) for the sale of the hotel for a gross sales price of approximately $6.7 million. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment loss of approximately $6.5 million in the third quarter of 2019, to adjust the carrying value of the hotel to its estimated fair value less costs to sell, which was based on the contracted sales price, a Level 1 input under the fair value hierarchy. The Company completed the sale of the hotel in December 2019.
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company recognized impairment losses of approximately $3.1 million related to three hotels that were identified for potential sale: the Columbus, Georgia SpringHill Suites and TownePlace Suites (the “two Columbus hotels”) and the Springdale, Arkansas Residence Inn. The impairment losses consisted of (i) approximately $0.5 million to adjust the carrying values of the two Columbus hotels the Company sold in July 2018 to their estimated fair values less costs to sell, which were based on the May 2018 contracted sales prices, Level 1 inputs under the fair value hierarchy, and (ii) approximately $2.6 million to adjust the carrying value of the Springdale, Arkansas Residence Inn the Company sold in November 2018 to its estimated fair value, which was based on the offers received at that time, net of estimated selling costs, a Level 2 input under the fair value hierarchy.
Note 4
Debt
Summary
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
December 31,
Revolving credit facility
$
105,800
$
50,900
Term loans and senior notes, net
864,225
813,934
Mortgage debt, net
512,546
455,573
Debt, net
$
1,482,571
$
1,320,407
The aggregate amounts of principal payable under the Company’s total debt obligations as of December 31, 2020 (including the revolving credit facility, term loans and mortgage debt), for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2020 and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
$
70,724
215,631
296,213
338,597
245,140
Thereafter
322,265
1,488,570
Unamortized fair value adjustment of assumed debt
1,624
Unamortized debt issuance costs
(7,623
)
Total
$
1,482,571
The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risks on a portion of its variable-rate debt. Throughout the terms of these interest rate swaps, the Company pays a fixed rate of interest and receives a floating rate of interest equal to the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate for a one-month term (“one-month LIBOR”). The swaps are designed to effectively fix the interest payments on variable-rate debt instruments. See Note 5 for more information on the interest rate swap agreements. The Company’s total fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, after giving effect to its interest rate swaps in effect at December 31, 2020 and 2019, is set forth below. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
December 31,
Percentage
December 31,
Percentage
Fixed-rate debt (1)
$
1,287,219
%
$
1,297,467
%
Variable-rate debt
201,351
%
28,400
%
Total
$
1,488,570
$
1,325,867
Weighted-average interest rate of debt
3.86
%
3.59
%
(1)
Fixed-rate debt includes the portion of variable-rate debt where the interest payments have been effectively fixed by interest rate swaps as of the respective balance sheet date. See Note 5 for more information on the interest rate swap agreements.
Credit Facilities
Credit Facilities Amendments
As a result of COVID-19 and the associated disruption to the Company’s operating results, during April 2020, the Company anticipated that it may not be able to maintain compliance with certain covenants under each of its unsecured credit facilities described below in future periods. As a result, on June 5, 2020, the Company entered into amendments to each of the unsecured credit facilities.
The amendments suspend the testing of the Company’s existing financial maintenance covenants under the unsecured credit facilities until the date the compliance certificate is required to be delivered for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021 (unless the Company elects an earlier date) (the “Covenant Waiver Period”), and provide for, among other restrictions, the following during the Covenant Waiver Period:
●
Mandatory prepayments of amounts outstanding under the Company’s unsecured credit facilities of net cash proceeds from certain debt and equity issuances and asset dispositions, subject to various exceptions. A portion of the mandatory prepayments will be available for future borrowing under the revolving credit facility;
●
A minimum liquidity covenant of $100 million;
●
A requirement to pledge the equity interests of each direct or indirect owner of certain unencumbered property in favor of the administrative agents if average liquidity for any month is less than $275 million or the total amount outstanding under the revolving credit facility exceeds $275 million;
●
Restrictions on the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness or prepay certain existing indebtedness;
●
Restrictions on the Company’s ability to make cash distributions (except to the extent required to maintain REIT status) and share repurchases;
●
Maximum discretionary capital expenditures of $50 million;
●
Limitations on additional investments; and
●
An increase in the applicable interest rate under the unsecured credit facilities until the end of the Covenant Waiver Period to a rate that corresponds to the highest leverage-based applicable interest rate margin with respect to the unsecured credit facilities.
The amendments also modify the calculation of the existing financial covenants for the four quarters subsequent to the end of the Covenant Waiver Period to annualize calculated amounts to the extent the most recently ended fiscal quarter is not at least four fiscal quarters from the end of the Covenant Waiver Period, and provide for an increase in the LIBOR floor under the credit agreements from 0 to 25 basis points for Eurodollar Rate Loans (as defined in the credit agreements) and establish a Base Rate (as defined in the credit agreements) floor of 1.25% on the revolving credit facility, and any term loans under the credit agreements that are not hedged. Except as otherwise set forth in the amendments, the terms of the credit agreements remain in effect.
The credit agreements governing the unsecured credit facilities contain mandatory prepayment requirements, customary affirmative and negative covenants, restrictions on certain investments and events of default. The credit agreements contain the following financial and restrictive covenants, each of which are suspended during the Covenant Waiver Period (capitalized terms are defined in the credit agreements):
●
A ratio of Consolidated Total Indebtedness to Consolidated EBITDA of not more than 6.50 to 1.00 (subject to a higher amount in certain circumstances);
●
A ratio of Consolidated Secured Indebtedness to Consolidated Total Assets of not more than 45%;
●
A minimum Consolidated Tangible Net Worth of approximately $3.2 billion (plus an amount equal to 75% of the Net Cash Proceeds from issuances and sales of Equity Interests occurring after the Closing Date, subject to adjustment);
●
A ratio of Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Fixed Charges of not less than 1.50 to 1.00 for the trailing four full quarters;
●
A ratio of Unencumbered Adjusted NOI to Consolidated Implied Interest Expense for Consolidated Unsecured Indebtedness of not less than 2.00 to 1.00 for the trailing four full quarters;
●
A ratio of Consolidated Unsecured Indebtedness to Unencumbered Asset Value of not more than 60% (subject to a higher level in certain circumstances); and
●
A ratio of Consolidated Secured Recourse Indebtedness to Consolidated Total Assets of not more than 10%.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with the applicable covenants of the credit agreements as amended. However, as a result of the continued disruption from COVID-19 and the related uncertainty on the Company’s operating results, the Company anticipates that it could potentially not be in compliance with certain of the covenants as amended in future periods if the existing Covenant Waiver Period is not further extended. In January 2021, the Company notified lenders under its credit facilities of the anticipated potential non-compliance with certain covenants and anticipates entering into amendments to each of the credit facilities to extend the waiver period for the testing of all but two of its financial maintenance covenants through March 31, 2022. The waiver period for the testing of the ratio of Adjusted
Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Fixed Charges and the ratio of Unencumbered Adjusted NOI to Consolidated Implied Interest Expense for Consolidated Unsecured Indebtedness is anticipated to be extended through December 31, 2021. The Company anticipates that the conditions to obtaining the waivers that currently apply during the Covenant Waiver Period, as implemented in the June 2020 amendments, will generally continue to apply during the extended covenant waiver period described above, including restrictions on the amount of the Company’s distributions, capital expenditures, and share repurchases and acquisitions, but the Company anticipates that the amendments will provide additional flexibility regarding certain of the conditions relative to the current restrictions, including an increased allowance for acquiring unencumbered assets through either proceeds from unencumbered asset sales or equity issuances. The Company also anticipates that the anticipated amendments will provide for less restrictive thresholds for certain financial covenant ratios once covenant testing recommences at the end of the extended covenant waiver period for a transitional period. As part of the amendments, the interest rate under each of its credit facilities is expected to increase 15 basis points during the extended covenant waiver period. Although the Company is close to finalizing these amendments and anticipates completing them in the near future, the amendments have not yet been finalized and the final terms could change. Thus, no assurances can be given as to the final terms of the amendments or that the Company will be able to complete the amendments. If the contemplated amendments are not entered into and the Company does not meet its applicable covenant requirements in future periods, the Company will be in default under each credit facility. Defaults may result in additional interest expense and a potential acceleration of amounts due under each credit facility, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company if it is unable to obtain alternative sources of capital to repay such amounts.
$850 Million Credit Facility
The Company utilizes an unsecured “$850 million credit facility” comprised of (i) a $425 million revolving credit facility with an initial maturity date of July 27, 2022 and (ii) a $425 million term loan facility consisting of two term loans: a $200 million term loan with a maturity date of July 27, 2023, and a $225 million term loan with a maturity date of January 31, 2024, both funded in July 2018 (the “$425 million term loan facility”). Subject to certain conditions including covenant compliance and additional fees, the $425 million revolving credit facility maturity date may be extended up to one year. The Company may make voluntary prepayments in whole or in part, at any time. Interest payments on the $850 million credit facility are due monthly and the interest rate, subject to certain exceptions, is equal to an annual rate of the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 2.25%, depending upon the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had availability of $319.2 million under the revolving credit facility. The Company is also required to pay quarterly an unused facility fee at an annual rate of 0.20% or 0.25% on the unused portion of the $425 million revolving credit facility, based on the amount of borrowings outstanding during the quarter.
$225 Million Term Loan Facility
The Company also has an unsecured $225 million term loan facility that is comprised of (i) a $50 million term loan with a maturity date of August 2, 2023, which was funded on August 2, 2018, and (ii) a $175 million term loan with a maturity date of August 2, 2025, of which $100 million was funded on August 2, 2018 and the remaining $75 million was funded on January 29, 2019. The credit agreement contains requirements and covenants similar to the Company’s $850 million credit facility. The Company may make voluntary prepayments in whole or in part, at any time, subject to certain conditions. Interest payments on the $225 million term loan facility are due monthly and the interest rate, subject to certain exceptions, is equal to an annual rate of the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 2.50%, depending upon the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the credit agreement.
2017 $85 Million Term Loan Facility
On July 25, 2017, the Company entered into an unsecured $85 million term loan facility with a maturity date of July 25, 2024, consisting of one term loan that was funded at closing (the “2017 $85 million term loan facility”). The credit agreement, as amended and restated in August 2018, contains requirements and covenants similar to the Company’s $850 million credit facility. The Company may make voluntary prepayments in whole or in part, at any time, subject to certain conditions. Interest payments on the 2017 $85 million term loan facility are due monthly. In July 2019, the Company entered into an amendment of the 2017 $85 million term loan facility to reduce the interest rate margin from 1.80% - 2.60% to 1.30% - 2.10%, depending upon the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the credit agreement, for the remainder of the term.
2019 $85 Million Term Loan Facility
On December 31, 2019, the Company entered into an unsecured $85 million term loan facility with a maturity date of December 31, 2029, consisting of one term loan funded at closing (the “2019 $85 million term loan facility”). Net proceeds from the 2019 $85 million term loan facility were used to pay down borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility. The credit agreement contains requirements and covenants similar to the Company’s $850 million credit facility. The Company may make voluntary prepayments in whole or in part, subject to certain conditions. Interest payments on the 2019 $85 million term loan facility are due monthly and the interest rate, subject to certain exceptions, is equal to an annual rate of the one-month LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.70% to 2.55%, depending upon the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the credit agreement.
$50 Million Senior Notes Facility
On March 16, 2020, the Company entered into an unsecured $50 million senior notes facility with a maturity date of March 31, 2030, consisting of senior notes totaling $50 million funded at closing (the “$50 million senior notes facility” and, collectively with the $850 million credit facility, the $225 million term loan facility, the 2017 $85 million term loan facility and the 2019 $85 million term loan facility, the “unsecured credit facilities”). Net proceeds from the $50 million senior notes facility were used to pay down borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility. The note agreement contains requirements and covenants similar to the Company’s $850 million credit facility. The Company may make voluntary prepayments in whole or in part, at any time, subject to certain conditions, including make-whole provisions. Interest payments on the $50 million senior notes facility are due quarterly and the interest rate, subject to certain exceptions, ranges from an annual rate of 3.60% to 4.35% depending on the Company’s leverage ratio, as calculated under the terms of the facility.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the details of the Company’s credit facilities were as set forth below. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
Outstanding Balance
Interest Rate
Maturity
Date
December 31,
December 31,
Revolving credit facility (1)
LIBOR + 1.40% - 2.25%
7/27/2022
$
105,800
$
50,900
Term loans and senior notes
$200 million term loan
LIBOR + 1.35% - 2.20%
7/27/2023
200,000
200,000
$225 million term loan
LIBOR + 1.35% - 2.20%
1/31/2024
225,000
225,000
$50 million term loan
LIBOR + 1.35% - 2.20%
8/2/2023
50,000
50,000
$175 million term loan
LIBOR + 1.65% - 2.50%
8/2/2025
175,000
175,000
2017 $85 million term loan
LIBOR + 1.30% - 2.10%
7/25/2024
85,000
85,000
2019 $85 million term loan
LIBOR + 1.70% - 2.55%
12/31/2029
85,000
85,000
$50 million senior notes
3.60% - 4.35%
3/31/2030
50,000
-
Term loans and senior notes at stated
value
870,000
820,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs
(5,775
)
(6,066
)
Term loans and senior notes, net
864,225
813,934
Credit facilities, net (1)
$
970,025
$
864,834
Weighted-average interest rate (2)
3.64
%
3.14
%
(1)
Excludes unamortized debt issuance costs related to the revolving credit facility totaling approximately $2.1 million and $2.6 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which are included in other assets, net in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
Interest rate represents the weighted-average effective annual interest rate at the balance sheet date which includes the effect of interest rate swaps in effect on $745.0 million and $842.5 million of the outstanding variable-rate debt as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. See Note 5 for more information on the interest rate swap agreements. The one-month LIBOR at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 0.14% and 1.76%, respectively.
Mortgage Debt
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $512.8 million in outstanding mortgage debt secured by 33 properties with maturity dates ranging from May 2021 to May 2038. Mortgages secured by 31 of the properties carry fixed stated interest rates ranging from 3.40% to 6.25% and effective interest rates ranging from 3.40% to 4.97%. Additionally, one loan secured by the two Cape Canaveral properties acquired in 2020 carries a variable interest rate of one-month LIBOR plus 3.00%. The loans generally provide for monthly payments of principal and interest on an amortized basis and defeasance or prepayment penalties if prepaid. As a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on certain hotels, the associated lenders granted temporary deferrals of principal and interest payments during 2020, however, all payments resumed as of December 31, 2020. The following table sets forth the hotel properties securing each loan, the interest rate, loan assumption or origination date, maturity date, the principal amount assumed or originated, and the outstanding balance prior to any fair value adjustments or debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 for each of the Company’s debt obligations. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
Location
Brand
Interest
Rate (1)
Loan
Assumption
or
Origination
Date
Maturity
Date
Principal
Assumed
or
Originated
Outstanding
balance
as of
December 31,
Outstanding
balance
as of
December 31,
San Juan Capistrano, CA
Residence Inn
4.15
%
9/1/2016
(2
)
$
16,210
$
-
$
15,073
Cape Canaveral, FL
Hampton
(3
)
4/30/2020
5/1/2021
10,852
10,275
-
Cape Canaveral, FL
Home2 Suites
(3
)
4/30/2020
5/1/2021
10,852
10,275
-
Colorado Springs, CO
Hampton
6.25
%
9/1/2016
7/6/2021
7,923
7,317
7,471
Franklin, TN
Courtyard
6.25
%
9/1/2016
8/6/2021
14,679
13,563
13,847
Franklin, TN
Residence Inn
6.25
%
9/1/2016
8/6/2021
14,679
13,563
13,847
Grapevine, TX
Hilton Garden Inn
4.89
%
8/29/2012
9/1/2022
11,810
9,434
9,775
Collegeville/Philadelphia, PA
Courtyard
4.89
%
8/30/2012
9/1/2022
12,650
10,105
10,471
Hattiesburg, MS
Courtyard
5.00
%
3/1/2014
9/1/2022
5,732
4,729
4,897
Kirkland, WA
Courtyard
5.00
%
3/1/2014
9/1/2022
12,145
10,018
10,376
Rancho Bernardo/San Diego, CA
Courtyard
5.00
%
3/1/2014
9/1/2022
15,060
12,422
12,866
Seattle, WA
Residence Inn
4.96
%
3/1/2014
9/1/2022
28,269
23,294
24,130
Anchorage, AK
Embassy Suites
4.97
%
9/13/2012
10/1/2022
23,230
18,660
19,324
Somerset, NJ
Courtyard
4.73
%
3/1/2014
10/6/2022
8,750
7,179
7,441
Tukwila, WA
Homewood Suites
4.73
%
3/1/2014
10/6/2022
9,431
7,737
8,020
Huntsville, AL
Homewood Suites
4.12
%
3/1/2014
2/6/2023
8,306
6,742
6,999
Prattville, AL
Courtyard
4.12
%
3/1/2014
2/6/2023
6,596
5,354
5,558
San Diego, CA
Residence Inn
3.97
%
3/1/2014
3/6/2023
18,600
15,061
15,640
Miami, FL
Homewood Suites
4.02
%
3/1/2014
4/1/2023
16,677
13,537
14,051
New Orleans, LA
Homewood Suites
4.36
%
7/17/2014
8/11/2024
27,000
22,766
23,513
Westford, MA
Residence Inn
4.28
%
3/18/2015
4/11/2025
10,000
8,605
8,876
Denver, CO
Hilton Garden Inn
4.46
%
9/1/2016
6/11/2025
34,118
30,387
31,311
Oceanside, CA
Courtyard
4.28
%
9/1/2016
10/1/2025
13,655
12,605
12,812
Omaha, NE
Hilton Garden Inn
4.28
%
9/1/2016
10/1/2025
22,682
20,936
21,280
Boise, ID
Hampton
4.37
%
5/26/2016
6/11/2026
24,000
22,146
22,588
Burbank, CA
Courtyard
3.55
%
11/3/2016
12/1/2026
25,564
23,315
23,552
San Diego, CA
Courtyard
3.55
%
11/3/2016
12/1/2026
25,473
23,232
23,468
San Diego, CA
Hampton
3.55
%
11/3/2016
12/1/2026
18,963
17,295
17,471
Burbank, CA
SpringHill Suites
3.94
%
3/9/2018
4/1/2028
28,470
27,078
27,317
Santa Ana, CA
Courtyard
3.94
%
3/9/2018
4/1/2028
15,530
14,770
14,901
Richmond, VA
Courtyard
3.40
%
2/12/2020
3/11/2030
14,950
14,739
-
Richmond, VA
Residence Inn
3.40
%
2/12/2020
3/11/2030
14,950
14,739
-
Portland, ME
Residence Inn
3.43
%
3/2/2020
4/1/2030
33,500
33,500
-
San Jose, CA
Homewood Suites
4.22
%
12/22/2017
5/1/2038
30,000
27,392
28,092
$
591,306
512,770
454,967
Unamortized fair value adjustment of
assumed debt
1,624
2,526
Unamortized debt issuance costs
(1,848
)
(1,920
)
Total
$
512,546
$
455,573
(1)
Interest rates are the rates per the loan agreement. For loans assumed, the Company adjusted the interest rates per the loan agreement to market rates and is amortizing the adjustments to interest expense over the life of the loan.
(2)
Loan was repaid in full in March 2020.
(3)
Interest rate is variable based on one-month LIBOR plus 3.00%. As of December 31, 2020, the interest rate was 3.14%. In July 2020, the principal amount of the note was reduced by approximately $1.1 million representing a credit from the developer for shared construction savings.
The total fair value, net premium adjustment for all of the Company’s debt assumptions is being amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining term of the respective mortgages using a method approximating the effective interest rate method, and totaled approximately $0.9 million for each of the three years ended December 31, 2020.
Debt issuance costs related to the assumption or origination of debt are amortized over the period to maturity of the applicable debt instrument, as an addition to interest expense, and totaled approximately $3.8 million, $2.8 million and $2.8 million for the three years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
The Company’s interest expense in 2020, 2019 and 2018 is net of interest capitalized in conjunction with hotel renovations totaling approximately $0.9 million, $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
Note 5
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Except as described below, the carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Debt
The Company estimates the fair value of its debt by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at estimated market rates consistent with the maturity of a debt obligation with similar credit terms and credit characteristics, which are Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy. Market rates take into consideration general market conditions and maturity. As of December 31, 2020, both the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s debt were approximately $1.5 billion. As of December 31, 2019, both the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s debt were approximately $1.3 billion. Both the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s debt (as discussed above) is net of unamortized debt issuance costs related to term loans and mortgage debt for each specific year.
Derivative Instruments
Currently, the Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risks on variable-rate debt. Throughout the terms of these interest rate swaps, the Company pays a fixed rate of interest and receives a floating rate of interest equal to the one-month LIBOR. The swaps are designed to effectively fix the interest payments on variable-rate debt instruments. These swap instruments are recorded at fair value and, if in an asset position, are included in other assets, net, and, if in a liability position, are included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts, which is considered a Level 2 measurement under the fair value hierarchy. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The following table sets forth information for each of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
Notional
Fair Value Asset (Liability)
Amount at
December 31,
Origination
Date
Effective
Date
Maturity
Date
Swap Fixed
Interest
Rate
December 31,
December 31,
Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges at December 31, 2020:
$
50,000
4/7/2016
9/30/2016
3/31/2021
1.09%
$
(117
)
$
100,000
4/7/2016
9/30/2016
3/31/2023
1.33%
(2,681
)
75,000
5/31/2017
7/31/2017
6/30/2024
1.96%
(4,639
)
(1,286
)
10,000
8/10/2017
8/10/2017
6/30/2024
2.01%
(636
)
(185
)
50,000
6/1/2018
1/31/2019
6/30/2025
2.89%
(5,911
)
(3,407
)
50,000
7/2/2019
7/5/2019
7/18/2024
1.65%
(2,593
)
(193
)
50,000
8/21/2019
8/23/2019
8/18/2024
1.32%
(2,036
)
50,000
8/21/2019
8/23/2019
8/30/2024
1.32%
(2,049
)
85,000
12/31/2019
12/31/2019
12/31/2029
1.86%
(8,677
)
(842
)
25,000
12/6/2018
1/31/2020
6/30/2025
2.75%
(2,801
)
(1,501
)
50,000
12/7/2018
5/18/2020
1/31/2024
2.72%
(3,967
)
(2,139
)
75,000
8/21/2019
5/18/2020
5/18/2025
1.27%
(3,294
)
1,222
75,000
7/31/2020
8/18/2020
8/18/2022
0.13%
-
75,000
8/21/2019
5/18/2021
5/18/2026
1.30%
(3,415
)
1,309
820,000
(42,802
)
(4,800
)
Interest rate swaps matured prior to December 31, 2020:
212,500
5/19/2015
5/21/2015
5/18/2020
1.58%
-
110,000
7/2/2015
7/2/2015
5/18/2020
1.62%
-
322,500
-
$
1,142,500
$
(42,802
)
$
(4,698
)
The Company assesses, both at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of its qualifying cash flow hedges. The Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach for all of its hedging relationships that existed as of that date. As a result, effective January 1, 2018, the entire change in the fair value of the Company’s designated cash flow hedges is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of shareholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Since prior to January 1, 2018 there was no material ineffectiveness related to the Company’s outstanding designated cash flow hedges, the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will be reclassified to interest and other expense, net as interest payments are made or received on the Company’s variable-rate derivatives. The Company estimates that approximately $11.2 million of net unrealized losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2020 will be reclassified as an increase to interest and other expense, net within the next 12 months.
The following tables present the effect of derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Interest rate derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
$
(45,850
)
$
(11,035
)
$
2,608
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Interest and Other Expense, net
Interest rate derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships
$
(7,746
)
$
3,669
$
2,380
Note 6
Related Parties
The Company has, and is expected to continue to engage in, transactions with related parties. These transactions cannot be construed to be at arm’s length and the results of the Company’s operations may be different if these transactions were conducted with non-related parties. The Company’s independent members of the Board of Directors oversee and annually review the Company’s related party relationships (including the relationships discussed in this section) and are required to approve any significant modifications to the existing relationships, as well as any new significant related party transactions. The Board of Directors is not required to approve each individual transaction that falls under the related party relationships. However, under the direction of the Board of Directors, at least one member of the Company’s senior management team approves each related party transaction. Below is a summary of the significant related party relationships in effect and transactions that occurred during each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020.
Glade M. Knight, Executive Chairman of the Company, owns Apple Realty Group, Inc. (“ARG”), which receives support services from the Company and reimburses the Company for the cost of these services as discussed below. Mr. Knight is also currently a partner and Chief Executive Officer of Energy 11 GP, LLC and Energy Resources 12 GP, LLC, which are the respective general partners of Energy 11, L.P. and Energy Resources 12, L.P., each of which receives support services from ARG.
The Company provides support services, including the use of the Company’s employees and corporate office, to ARG and is reimbursed by ARG for the cost of these services. Under this cost sharing structure, amounts reimbursed to the Company include both compensation for personnel and office related costs (including office rent, utilities, office supplies, etc.) used by ARG. The amounts reimbursed to the Company are based on the actual costs of the services and a good faith estimate of the proportionate amount of time incurred by the Company’s employees on behalf of ARG. Total reimbursed costs allocated by the Company to ARG for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 totaled approximately $1.2 million, $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and are recorded as a reduction to general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
As part of the cost sharing arrangement, certain day-to-day transactions may result in amounts due to or from the Company and ARG. To efficiently manage cash disbursements, the Company or ARG may make payments for the other company. Under this cash management process, each company may advance or defer up to $1 million at any time. Each quarter, any outstanding amounts are settled between the companies. This process allows each company to minimize its cash on hand and reduces the cost for each company. The amounts outstanding at any point in time are not significant to either of the companies. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, total amounts due from ARG for reimbursements under the cost sharing structure totaled approximately $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and are included in other assets, net in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Apple Air Holding, LLC, owns a Learjet used primarily for acquisition, asset management, renovation and investor and public relations purposes. The aircraft is also leased to affiliates of the Company based on third-party rates, which leasing activity was not significant during the reporting periods. The Company also utilizes aircraft, owned through an entity owned by the Company’s Executive Chairman, for acquisition, asset management, renovation and investor and public relations purposes, and reimburses these entities at third-party rates. Total costs incurred for the use of the aircraft during 2020, 2019 and 2018 were less than $0.1 million in each respective year and are included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Note 7
Shareholders’ Equity
Distributions
Subsequent to the distribution paid in March 2020, the Company announced the suspension of its monthly distributions due to the impact of COVID-19 on its operating cash flows. Prior to the suspension of its distributions, the Company’s annual distribution rate, payable monthly, was $1.20 per common share. For the three years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid distributions of $0.30, $1.20 and $1.20 per common share for a total of approximately $67.4 million, $268.7 million and $275.9 million, respectively. The distributions paid in 2020 include the distribution paid in January 2020, totaling $22.4 million, that was declared in December 2019, which was included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019. As discussed in Note 4, as a requirement under the June 5, 2020 amendments to its unsecured credit facilities, the Company is restricted in its ability to make distributions during the Covenant Waiver Period, except to the extent required to maintain REIT status.
Issuance of Shares
On February 28, 2017, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement which was terminated effective April 11, 2019, pursuant to which the Company could sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $300 million of its common shares under an at-the-market offering program (the “2017 ATM Program”). From inception of the 2017 ATM Program in February 2017 through its termination date in April 2019, the Company sold approximately 7.2 million common shares at a weighted-average market sales price of approximately $19.56 per common share and received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $139.8 million before commission and issuance costs, including the sale of approximately 0.2 million common shares during the first quarter of 2018 at a weighted-average market sales price of approximately $19.73 per common share and receipt of aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $4.8 million before commissions and issuance costs. The Company did not sell any shares under the 2017 ATM Program in 2019. The Company used the proceeds from the sale of these shares to pay down borrowings on its revolving credit facility.
On August 12, 2020, the Company entered into another equity distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $300 million of its common shares under an at-the-market offering program (the “2020 ATM Program”). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had not sold any common shares under the 2020 ATM Program. The Company plans to use the net proceeds from the sale of these shares to pay down borrowings on its revolving credit facility and, under certain circumstances, to repay proportionally amounts under each of the Company’s revolving credit facility, term loans and senior notes, subject to certain restrictions during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the Company’s amended unsecured credit facilities, as discussed further in Note 4. The Company plans to use the corresponding increased availability under the revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes which may include, among other things, acquisitions of additional properties, the repayment of other outstanding indebtedness, capital expenditures, improvement of properties in its portfolio and working capital.
Share Repurchases
In May 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an extension of its existing share repurchase program, authorizing share repurchases up to an aggregate of $345 million (the “Share Repurchase Program”). The Share Repurchase Program may be suspended or terminated at any time by the Company and will end in July 2021 if not terminated earlier. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company purchased under its Share Repurchase Program approximately 1.5 million, 0.3 million and 6.6 million of its common shares at a weighted-average market purchase price of approximately $9.42, $14.92 and $15.87 per common share for an aggregate purchase price, including commissions, of approximately $14.3 million, $4.3 million and $104.3 million, respectively. The shares were repurchased under a written trading plan that provided for share repurchases in open market transactions and was intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. In March 2020, the Company terminated its written trading plan and did not engage in additional repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program during the balance of 2020. Repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program have been funded, and
the Company intends to fund future repurchases, with cash on hand or availability under its unsecured credit facilities subject to any applicable restrictions under the Company’s unsecured credit facilities. As discussed in Note 4 titled “Debt” in Part II, Item 8, of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, share repurchases are subject to certain restrictions that apply during the Covenant Waiver Period pursuant to the terms of the June 2020 amendments to the Company’s unsecured credit facilities.
Preferred Shares
No preferred shares of the Company are issued and outstanding. The Company’s amended and restated articles of incorporation authorize issuance of up to 30 million preferred shares. The Company believes that the authorization to issue preferred shares benefits the Company and its shareholders by permitting flexibility in financing additional growth, giving the Company additional financing options in corporate planning and in responding to developments in its business, including financing of additional acquisitions and other general corporate purposes. Having authorized preferred shares available for issuance in the future gives the Company the ability to respond to future developments and allows preferred shares to be issued without the expense and delay of a special shareholders’ meeting. At present, the Company has no specific financing or acquisition plans involving the issuance of preferred shares and the Company does not propose to fix the characteristics of any series of preferred shares in anticipation of issuing preferred shares. The Company cannot now predict whether or to what extent, if any, preferred shares will be used or if so used what the characteristics of a particular series may be. A series of preferred shares could be given rights that are superior to rights of holders of common shares and a series having preferential distribution rights could limit common share distributions and reduce the amount holders of common shares would otherwise receive on dissolution. Unless otherwise required by applicable law or regulation, the preferred shares would be issuable without further authorization by holders of the common shares and on such terms and for such consideration as may be determined by the Board of Directors. The preferred shares could be issued in one or more series having varying voting rights, redemption and conversion features, distribution (including liquidating distribution) rights and preferences, and other rights, including rights of approval of specified transactions. The voting rights and rights to distributions of the holders of common shares will be subject to the priority rights of the holders of any subsequently-issued preferred shares.
Note 8
Compensation Plans
In May 2014, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”), and in May 2015, the Company’s shareholders approved the Omnibus Plan. The Omnibus Plan permits the grant of awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock units, deferred stock units, unrestricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, performance shares and other performance-based awards, other equity-based awards, and cash bonus awards to any employee, officer, or director of the Company or an affiliate of the Company, a consultant or adviser currently providing services to the Company or an affiliate of the Company, or any other person whose participation in the Omnibus Plan is determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) to be in the best interests of the Company. The maximum number of the Company’s common shares available for issuance under the Omnibus Plan is 10 million. As of December 31, 2020, there were approximately 8.1 million common shares available for issuance under the Omnibus Plan.
Each year, the Company establishes an incentive plan for its executive management team, which is approved by the Compensation Committee. Under the incentive plan for 2020 (the “2020 Incentive Plan”), participants are eligible to receive a bonus based on the achievement of certain 2020 performance measures determined by the Compensation Committee. As of December 31, 2020, the range of potential aggregate payouts under the 2020 Incentive Plan was $0 - $13.1 million. The range of payout under the 2020 Incentive Plan reflects a voluntary reduction of $0 - $5.2 million of the potential payout to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in response to the decline in the Company’s operating results due to COVID-19. Based on performance during 2020, the Company has accrued approximately $6.1 million as a liability for executive bonus payments under the 2020 Incentive Plan, which is included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 and in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. Additionally, approximately $1.9 million, which is subject to vesting on December 10, 2021, will be recognized proportionally throughout 2021. The portion of awards under the 2020 Incentive Plan payable in common shares will be issued under the Company’s Omnibus Plan during the first quarter of 2021, approximately 50% of which will be unrestricted and 50% of which will be restricted and is subject to vesting on December 10, 2021.
Under the incentive plan for 2019 (the “2019 Incentive Plan”), the Company accrued approximately $10.6 million, including $7.5 million in share-based compensation as noted below, as a liability for executive bonus payments, which was included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 and in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019. Under the incentive plan for 2018 (the “2018 Incentive Plan”), the Company accrued approximately $4.3 million, including $2.4 million in share-based compensation as noted below, as a liability for executive bonus payments, which was included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.
In 2020, the Company incurred expense associated with two separation agreements of approximately $1.25 million each, totaling approximately $2.5 million, in connection with the retirements of the Company’s former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer and the Company’s former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective March 31, 2020, which amounts were paid in October 2020. The expense was included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. Pursuant to the terms of the separation agreement between Mr. Bryan F. Peery, the retiring Chief Financial Officer (“Mr. Peery”) and the Company dated as of March 4, 2020 and amended on March 30, 2020, among other things, Mr. Peery agreed to remain employed by the Company in an advisory role to support the transition of his responsibilities. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Mr. Peery provided substantive additional assistance to the Company as it navigated its response to the COVID-19 pandemic beyond the anticipated transition activities originally contemplated after March 31. In light of these unexpected contributions, on November 2, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved a one-time grant of 35,070 fully vested common shares to Mr. Peery, with a grant date value of $0.35 million, which was included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. This grant is in addition to amounts otherwise payable under Mr. Peery’s separation agreement.
In connection with the resignation in December 2019 of Ms. Rachael Rothman, the Company’s former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, the Company entered into a separation and general release agreement, pursuant to which the Company accrued in 2019 for a one-time separation payment of approximately $1.6 million, which was paid in January 2020, and a 2019 incentive payment of approximately $0.6 million which was paid in cash in March 2020. Both of these payments were included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 and in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company incurred a one-time separation payment of $0.5 million in connection with the retirement of the Company’s former Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer which, pursuant to the separation and general release agreement executed in March 2019, was paid in April 2019 and was included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Share-Based Compensation Awards
The following table sets forth information pertaining to the share-based compensation issued under the 2019 Incentive Plan, the 2018 Incentive Plan and the incentive plan for 2017 (the “2017 Incentive Plan”):
2019 Incentive Plan
2018 Incentive Plan
2017 Incentive Plan
Period common shares issued
First Quarter 2020
First Quarter 2019
First Quarter 2018
Common shares earned under each incentive plan
665,552
156,926
415,866
Common shares surrendered on issuance date to satisfy tax withholding obligations
60,616
24,999
48,533
Common shares earned and issued under each incentive plan, net of common shares surrendered on issuance date to satisfy tax withholding obligations
604,936
131,927
367,333
Closing stock price on issuance date
$
13.01
$
16.49
$
16.92
Total share-based compensation earned, including the surrendered shares (in millions)
$
8.7
(1)
$
2.6
(2)
$
7.0
(3)
Of the total common shares earned and issued, total common shares unrestricted at time of issuance
426,553
105,345
223,421
Of the total common shares earned and issued, total common shares restricted at time of issuance
178,383
26,582
143,912
Restricted common shares vesting date
December 11, 2020
December 13, 2019
December 14, 2018
Common shares surrendered on vesting date to satisfy tax withholding requirements resulting from vesting of restricted common shares
60,066
5,502
41,389
________
(1)
Of the total 2019 share-based compensation, approximately $7.5 million was recognized as share-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2019, and included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019, and the remaining $1.2 million, which vested on December 11, 2020 and excludes any restricted shares forfeited or vested prior to that date, was recognized as share-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2020.
(2)
Of the total 2018 share-based compensation, approximately $2.4 million was recognized as share-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018, and the remaining $0.2 million, which vested on December 13, 2019, was recognized as share-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2019.
(3)
Of the total 2017 share-based compensation, approximately $1.2 million, which vested on December 14, 2018, was recognized as share-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018.
Additionally, in conjunction with the appointment of five new officers of the Company on April 1, 2020, the Company issued to the new officer group a total of approximately 200,000 restricted common shares with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $1.8 million. For each grantee, the restricted shares will vest on March 31, 2023 if the individual remains in service of the Company through the date of vesting. The expense associated with the awards will be amortized over the 3-year restriction period. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized approximately $0.4 million of share-based compensation expense related to these awards.
Non-Employee Director Deferral Program
In 2018, the Board of Directors adopted the Non-Employee Director Deferral Program (the “Director Deferral Program”) under the Omnibus Plan for the purpose of providing non-employee members of the Board the opportunity to elect to defer receipt of all or a portion of the annual retainer payable to them for their service on the Board, including amounts payable in both cash and fully vested shares of the Company’s common shares, in the form of deferred cash fees (“DCFs”) and/or deferred stock units (“DSUs”). DCFs and DSUs that are issued to the Company’s non-employee directors are fully vested and non-forfeitable on the grant date. The grant date fair values of DCFs are equal to the dollar value of the deferred fee on the grant date, while the grant date fair values of DSUs are equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common
shares on the grant date. DCFs are settled for cash and DSUs are settled for shares of the Company's common stock, which are deliverable upon either: i) termination of the director’s service from the Board, ii) a date previously elected by the director, or iii) the earlier of the two dates, as determined by the director at the time he or she makes the election. The deferred amounts will also be paid if prior to the date specified by the director, the Company experiences a change in control or upon death of the director. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, non-employee directors participating in the Director Deferral Program deferred approximately $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, which is recorded as deferred compensation expense in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the years then ended. On each quarterly deferral date (the date that a portion of the annual retainer would be paid), dividends earned on DSUs are credited to the deferral account in the form of additional DSUs based on dividends declared by the Company on its outstanding common shares during the quarter and the fair market value of the common shares on such date. Outstanding DSUs at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were approximately 78,000 and 47,000, with weighted-average grant date fair values of $14.46 and $16.32, valued at $1.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which is included in common stock, a component of shareholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Note 9
Management and Franchise Agreements
Each of the Company’s 234 hotels owned as of December 31, 2020 is operated and managed under a separate management agreement with one of the following management companies or one of their affiliates, none of which are affiliated with the Company (number of hotels by manager are as of January 1, 2021):
Manager
Number of
Hotels
LBAM-Investor Group, LLC ("LBA")
Dimension Development Two, LLC ("Dimension")
Crestline Hotels & Resorts, LLC ("Crestline")
White Lodging Services Corporation ("White Lodging")
Raymond Management Company, Inc. ("Raymond")
MHH Management, LLC ("McKibbon")
Texas Western Management Partners, LP ("Western")
Marriott International, Inc. ("Marriott")
Newport Hospitality Group, Inc. ("Newport")
North Central Hospitality, LLC ("North Central")
Aimbridge Hospitality, LLC ("Aimbridge")
InnVentures IVI, LP ("InnVentures")
Chartwell Hospitality, LLC ("Chartwell")
Huntington Hotel Group, LP ("Huntington")
Stonebridge Realty Advisors, Inc. ("Stonebridge")
Highgate Hotels, L.P. ("Highgate")
Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. ("Hilton")
Total
The management agreements generally provide for initial terms of one to 30 years and are terminable by the Company for either failure to achieve performance thresholds or without cause. As of December 31, 2020, over 80% of the Company’s hotels operate under a variable management fee agreement, with an average initial term of approximately one to two years, which the Company believes better aligns incentives for each hotel manager to maximize each property’s performance than a base-plus-incentive management fee structure, as described below, which is more common throughout the industry. Under the variable fee structure, the management fee earned for each hotel is generally within a range of 2.5% to 3.5% of gross revenues, based on each hotel’s performance relative to other hotels owned by the Company. The performance measures are based on various financial and quality performance metrics. The Company’s remaining hotels operate under a management fee structure which generally includes the payment of base management fees and an opportunity for incentive management fees. Under this structure, base management fees are calculated as a percentage of gross revenues and the incentive management fees are calculated as a percentage of operating profit in excess of a priority return to the Company, as defined in the management agreements. In addition to the above, management fees for all of the Company’s hotels generally include accounting fees and other fees for centralized services, which are allocated among all of the hotels that receive the benefit of
such services. During 2020, in response to COVID-19 and its impact on hotel performance, the management fee under all variable management fee agreements was set to 3% of gross revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred approximately $19.8 million, $43.8 million and $43.9 million, respectively, in management fees.
Fifteen of the Company’s hotels are managed by affiliates of Marriott or Hilton. The remainder of the Company’s hotels are managed by companies that are not affiliated with either Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt, and as a result, the branded hotels they manage were required to obtain separate franchise agreements with each respective franchisor. The franchise agreements generally provide for initial terms of approximately 10 to 30 years and generally provide for renewals subject to franchise requirements at the time of renewal. The Company pays various fees under these agreements, including the payment of royalty fees, marketing fees, reservation fees, a communications support fee, brand loyalty program fees and other similar fees based on room revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred approximately $26.4 million, $54.9 million and $54.5 million, respectively, in franchise royalty fees.
Note 10
Lease Commitments
The Company is the lessee on certain ground leases, hotel equipment leases and office space leases. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 15 hotels subject to ground leases and three parking lot ground leases with remaining terms ranging from approximately three to 98 years, excluding renewal options. Certain of its ground leases have options to extend beyond the initial lease term by periods ranging from five to 120 years.
Adoption of the New Lease Accounting Standard
The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), effective January 1, 2019, which requires leases with durations greater than twelve months to be recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities. Prior year financial statements were not restated under the new standard.
Under the new standard, the Company’s leases are classified as operating or finance leases. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, at inception of the lease the Company recognizes a ROU asset and lease liability at the estimated present value of the minimum lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Many of the Company’s leases include rental escalation clauses (including fixed scheduled rent increases) and renewal options that are factored into the determination of lease payments when appropriate and the present value of the remaining lease payments is adjusted accordingly. The Company utilizes interest rates implicit in the lease if determinable or, if not, it estimates its incremental borrowing rate from information available at lease commencement, to determine the present value of the lease payments. At transition to the new standard, the Company used information available at that time to determine the incremental borrowing rates on its existing leases at January 1, 2019 based on estimates of rates the Company would pay for senior collateralized loans with terms similar to each lease.
Operating Leases
Twelve of the Company’s hotel and parking lot ground leases as well as certain applicable hotel equipment leases and office space leases are classified as operating leases, for which the Company recorded ROU assets and lease liabilities at adoption of the new standard. The ROU assets are included in other assets, net and the lease liabilities are included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. In addition, at adoption of the new standard, the Company reclassified its intangible assets for below market ground leases and intangible liabilities for above market ground leases related to these leases from other assets, net and accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, respectively, as well as accrued straight-line lease liabilities related to these leases from accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet to the beginning ROU assets. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective lease and the value of each lease intangible is amortized over the term of the respective lease. Costs related to operating ground leases are included in operating ground lease expense, while costs related to hotel equipment leases are included in hotel operating expense and property taxes, insurance and other expense, and costs related to office space leases are included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Finance Leases
Six of the Company’s hotel ground leases are classified as finance leases, for which the Company recorded ROU assets and lease liabilities at the latter of the adoption of the new standard or the acquisition of the lease. The ROU assets are recorded as finance ground lease assets within investment in real estate, net and the lease liabilities are recorded as finance lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. In addition, at adoption of the new standard, the Company reclassified its intangible assets for below market ground leases and intangible liabilities for above market ground leases related to these leases from other assets, net and accounts payable and other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, respectively, to the beginning ROU assets. At adoption of the new standard, the Company recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment totaling approximately $5.2 million, which included the derecognition of accrued straight-line lease liabilities related to the finance leases, to distributions greater than net income, a component of shareholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The ROU asset and value of each lease intangible is amortized over the term of the respective lease. Costs related to finance ground leases are included in depreciation and amortization expense and interest and other expense, net in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
Under the terms of the Company’s ground leases, certain minimum lease payments are subject to change based on criteria specified in the lease. Changes in minimum lease payments that are not fixed scheduled increases are reflected in the ROU asset and lease liability when the payments become fixed and determinable based on the actual criteria defined in the lease. Minimum lease payments may be estimated if the change date occurs and the new minimum lease payments are not yet determinable. During 2019, the Company, based on additional information, estimated a required increase in lease payments under one of its finance ground leases. The estimated increase is reflected in the finance ground lease ROU asset and liability at the anticipated effective date of the change. The increase and effective date are subject to agreement with the lessor and could increase in the future. The total increase in the lease ROU asset and liability was estimated based on available information and was approximately $53 million.
Lease Position as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
The following table sets forth the lease-related assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
Consolidated Balance Sheet
December 31,
Classification
Assets
Operating lease assets, net
Other assets, net
$
27,250
$
28,311
Finance ground lease assets, net (1)
Investment in real estate, net
192,751
193,184
Total lease assets
$
220,001
$
221,495
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities
Accounts payable and other liabilities
$
11,642
$
12,130
Finance lease liabilities
Finance lease liabilities
219,981
216,627
Total lease liabilities
$
231,623
$
228,757
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases
38 years
Finance leases
30 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases
5.47%
Finance leases
5.26%
(1)
Finance ground lease assets are net of accumulated amortization of approximately $10.9 million and $4.4 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Lease Costs for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
The following table sets forth the lease costs related to the Company’s operating and finance ground leases included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Consolidated Statement of
Year Ended December 31,
Operations Classification
Operating lease costs (1)
Operating ground lease expense
$
1,509
$
1,658
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of lease assets
Depreciation and amortization expense
6,433
4,517
Interest on lease liabilities
Interest and other expense, net
11,402
8,241
Total lease costs
$
19,344
$
14,416
(1)
Represents costs related to ground leases, including variable lease costs. Excludes costs related to hotel equipment leases, which are included in hotel operating expense and property taxes, insurance and other expense, and costs related to office space leases, which are included in general and administrative expense in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. These costs are not significant for disclosure.
Undiscounted Cash Flows
The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the next five years and total of the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities and finance lease liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Operating leases
Finance leases
$
1,108
$
9,618
9,767
10,116
11,249
11,602
Thereafter
31,671
454,467
Total minimum lease payments
36,019
506,819
Less: amount of lease payments representing
interest
24,377
286,838
Present value of lease liabilities
$
11,642
$
219,981
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The following table sets forth supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases
$
1,295
$
1,344
Operating cash flows for finance leases
8,048
6,989
Information for Period Prior to the Adoption of the New Lease Accounting Standard
Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, the Company’s leases were classified as operating leases. The Company recorded, at the time of acquisition, initial intangible assets for ground leases assumed that were below market leases and initial intangible liabilities for ground leases assumed that were above market leases. The value of each lease intangible was amortized over the term of the respective lease with the amortization included in operating ground lease expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, resulting in a net increase of approximately $0.8 million to operating
ground lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2018. Operating ground lease expense also included approximately $3.5 million of adjustments to record rent on a straight-line basis for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Note 11
Industry Segments
The Company owns hotel properties throughout the U.S. that generate rental, food and beverage, and other property-related income. The Company separately evaluates the performance of each of its hotel properties. However, because each of the hotels has similar economic characteristics, facilities, and services, and each hotel is not individually significant, the properties have been aggregated into a single reportable segment. All segment disclosures are included in or can be derived from the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Note 12
Hotel Purchase Contract Commitments
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had one outstanding contract, which was entered into prior to 2020, for the potential purchase of a hotel in Madison, Wisconsin for an expected purchase price of approximately $49.6 million. The hotel was under development and was completed and opened for business on February 18, 2021, as a 176-room Hilton Garden Inn. The Company utilized its revolving credit facility to purchase the hotel.
Note 13
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
The following is a summary of quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands, except per share data):
First
Quarter
Second
Quarter
Third
Quarter
Fourth
Quarter
Total revenue
$
238,010
$
81,078
$
148,826
$
133,965
Net loss
$
(2,769
)
$
(78,243
)
$
(40,948
)
$
(51,247
)
Comprehensive loss
$
(44,935
)
$
(82,438
)
$
(38,209
)
$
(45,729
)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
$
(0.01
)
$
(0.35
)
$
(0.18
)
$
(0.23
)
First
Quarter
Second
Quarter
Third
Quarter
Fourth
Quarter
Total revenue
$
303,787
$
341,117
$
331,722
$
289,971
Net income
$
38,151
$
62,090
$
46,223
$
25,453
Comprehensive income
$
32,107
$
51,970
$
42,030
$
31,106
Basic and diluted net income per common share
$
0.17
$
0.28
$
0.21
$
0.11
Note 14
Subsequent Events
On February 18, 2021, the Company closed on the purchase of the newly developed 176-room Hilton Garden Inn in Madison, Wisconsin, for a gross purchase price of approximately $49.6 million, utilizing borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility.

---

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.

---

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation process, the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020. There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
See Item 8 for the Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and the Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s attestation report regarding internal control over financial reporting, which are incorporated herein by reference.

---

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 9B.
Other Information
None.
PART III

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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by Items 401, 405, 406 and 407(c)(3), (d)(4) and (d)(5) of Regulation S-K will be set forth in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “2021 Proxy Statement”). For the limited purpose of providing the information necessary to comply with this Item 10, the 2021 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by this reference.

---

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
The information required by Items 402 and 407(e)(4) and (e)(5) of Regulation S-K will be set forth in the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement. For the limited purpose of providing the information necessary to comply with this Item 11, the 2021 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by this reference.

---

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
The information required by Items 201(d) and 403 of Regulation S-K will be set forth in the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement. For the limited purpose of providing the information necessary to comply with this Item 12, the 2021 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by this reference.

---

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by Items 404 and 407(a) of Regulation S-K will be set forth in the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement. For the limited purpose of providing the information necessary to comply with this Item 13, the 2021 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by this reference.

---

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A will be set forth in the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement. For the limited purpose of providing the information necessary to comply with this Item 14, the 2021 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by this reference.
PART IV

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
1. Financial Statements of Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc.
Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-Ernst & Young LLP
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm-Ernst & Young LLP
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
These financial statements are set forth in Item 8 of this report and are hereby incorporated by reference.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule III-Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization (Included at the end of this Part IV of this report.)
Financial statement schedules not listed are either omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibit Listing
Exhibit
Number
Description of Documents
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed August 6, 2018)
3.2
Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed May 18, 2020)
4.1
Description of Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act (FILED HEREWITH)
10.1*
The Company’s 2008 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 333-147414) filed May 8, 2008)
10.2*
The Company’s 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-53603) filed June 4, 2014)
10.3*
The Company’s Executive Severance Pay Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-53603) filed June 4, 2014)
10.4*
First Amendment to the Company’s Executive Severance Pay Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed March 27, 2019)
10.5*
Second Amendment to the Company’s Executive Severance Pay Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed March 5, 2020
10.6
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed February 18, 2016)
10.7*
Non-Employee Director Deferral Program Under the Company’s 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed August 6, 2018)
10.8*
Separation Agreement and General Release, dated as of March 22, 2019 by and between the Company and David P. Buckley (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed March 27, 2019)
10.9*
Separation Agreement and General Release, dated as of December 5, 2019 by and between the Company and Rachael Rothman (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed December 6, 2019)
10.10*
Separation Agreement and General Release, dated as of March 4, 2020 by and between the Company and Kristian Gathright (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed March 5, 2020)
10.11*
Separation Agreement and General Release, dated as of March 4, 2020 by and between the Company and Bryan Peery (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed March 5, 2020)
10.12*
Amendment, dated March 30, 2020, to Separation Agreement and General Release, dated March 4, 2020, by and between the Company and Kristian Gathright (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed May 18, 2020
10.13*
Amendment, dated March 30, 2020, to Separation Agreement and General Release, dated March 4, 2020, by and between the Company and Bryan Peery (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed May 18, 2020
10.14
Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 27, 2018, among the Company, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, KeyBank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Co-Syndication Agents, U.S. Bank National Association, as Documentation Agent, Regions Bank as Managing Agent, the Lenders and Letter of Credit Issuers party thereto, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, KeyBanc Capital Markets, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as Joint Lead Arrangers, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, KeyBanc Capital Markets and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Joint Bookrunners (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed August 1, 2018)
10.15
First Amendment, dated February 14, 2020, to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 27, 2018, among the Company, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, KeyBank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Co-Syndication Agents, U.S. Bank National Association, as Documentation Agent, Regions Bank as Managing Agent, the Lenders and Letter of Credit Issuers party thereto, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, KeyBanc Capital Markets, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as Joint Lead Arrangers, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, KeyBanc Capital Markets and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Joint Bookrunners (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed May 18, 2020)
10.16
Second Amendment, dated June 5, 2020, to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 27, 2018, among Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc., as borrower, certain subsidiaries of Apple Hospitality REIT, Inc., as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, KeyBank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Co-Syndication Agents, U.S. Bank National Association, as Documentation Agent, Regions Bank as Managing Agent, the Lenders and Letter of Credit Issuers party thereto, and BofA Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as Joint Lead Arrangers, and BofA Securities, Inc., KeyBanc Capital Markets and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as Joint Bookrunners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-37389) filed June 8, 2020)
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Company (FILED HEREWITH)
23.1
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP (FILED HEREWITH)
31.1
Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (FILED HEREWITH)
31.2
Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (FILED HEREWITH)
31.3
Certification of the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (FILED HEREWITH)
32.1
Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (FURNISHED HEREWITH)
The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) related notes to these financial statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail (FILED HEREWITH)
The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
*
Denotes Management Contract or Compensation Plan.