Question: Flicker is a visible fading between cycles displayed on which type of displays, especially the refresh interval on Cathode ray tube televisions and computer monitors as well as Plasma based computer screens and/or Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound?

Context articles: Television
Flicker-free
Flicker (screen)
History of display technology
Backlight
Flat panel display
Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
7JP4
Shadow mask
Large-screen television technology

Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound.
 The term can refer to a television set, a television program ("TV show"), or the medium of television transmission.
 Television is a mass medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip, and advertising.
Flicker-free is a term given to video displays, primarily cathode ray tubes, operating at a high refresh rate to reduce or eliminate the perception of screen flicker.
 For televisions, this involves operating at a 100 Hz or 120 Hz hertz field rate to eliminate flicker, compared to standard televisions that operate at 50 Hz (PAL, SÉCAM systems) or 60 Hz (NTSC), most simply done by displaying each field twice, rather than once.
 For computer displays, this is usually a refresh rate of 70–90 Hz, sometimes 100 Hz or higher.
 This should not be confused with motion interpolation, though they may be combined – see implementation, below.
Flicker is a visible fading between cycles displayed on video displays, especially the refresh interval on Cathode ray tube televisions and computer monitors as well as Plasma based computer screens and/or TVs.
 Flicker occurs on CRTs when they are driven at a low refresh rate, allowing the brightness to drop for time intervals sufficiently long to be noticed by a human eye – see persistence of vision and flicker fusion threshold.
 For most devices, the screen's phosphors quickly lose their excitation between sweeps of the electron gun, and the afterglow is unable to fill such gaps – see phosphor persistence.
 A similar effect occurs in PDPs during their refresh cycles.
Electrically operated display devices have developed from electromechanical systems for display of text, up to all-electronic devices capable of full-motion 3D color graphic displays.
 Electromagnetic devices, using a solenoid coil to control a visible flag or flap, were the earliest type, and were used for text displays such as stock market prices and arrival/departure display times.
 The cathode ray tube was the workhorse of text and video display technology for several decades until being displaced by plasma, liquid crystal (LCD) and solid-state devices such as LEDs and OLEDs. With the advent of microprocessors and microelectronic devices, many more individual picture elements ("pixels") could be incorporated into one display device, allowing graphic displays and video.
A backlight is a form of illumination used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
 As LCDs do not produce light by themselves (unlike, for example cathode ray tube (CRT) displays), they need illumination (ambient light or a special light source) to produce a visible image.
 Backlights illuminate the LCD from the side or back of the display panel, unlike frontlights, which are placed in front of the LCD.
 Backlights are used in small displays to increase readability in low light conditions such as in wristwatches, and are used in smart phones, computer displays and LCD televisions to produce light in a manner similar to a CRT display.
 A review of some early backlighting schemes for LCDs is given in a report "Engineering and Technology History" by Peter J. Wild.
Flat-panel displays are electronic viewing technologies used to enable people to see content (still images, moving images, text, or other visual material) in a range of entertainment, consumer electronics, personal computer, and mobile devices, and many types of medical, transportation and industrial equipment.
 They are far lighter and thinner than traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) television sets and video displays and are usually less than 10 cm thick.
 Flat-panel displays can be divided into two display device categories: volatile and static.
 Volatile displays require that pixels be periodically electronically refreshed to retain their state (e.g., liquid-crystal displays (LCD)).
 A volatile display only shows an image when it has battery or AC mains power.
 Static flat-panel displays rely on materials whose color states are bistable (e.g., e-book reader tablets from Sony), and as such, flat-panel displays retain the text or images on the screen even when the power is off.
 As of 2016, flat-panel displays have almost completely replaced old CRT displays.
 In many 2010-era applications, specifically small portable devices such as laptops, mobile phones, smartphones, digital cameras, camcorders, point-and-shoot cameras, and pocket video cameras, any display disadvantages of flat-panels (as compared with CRTs) are made up for by portability advantages (thinness and lightweightness).
Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton (18 October 1863 – 19 February 1930) was a Scottish consulting electrical engineer, who provided the theoretical basis for the electronic television, two decades before the technology existed to implement it.
 He began experimenting around 1903 with the use of cathode ray tubes for the electronic transmission and reception of images.
 Campbell described the theoretical basis for an all electronic method of producing television in a 1908 letter to "Nature".
 Campbell-Swinton’s concept was central to the cathode ray television because of his proposed modification of the cathode ray tube that allowed its use as both a transmitter and receiver of light.
 The cathode-ray tube was the system of electronic television that was subsequently developed in later years, as technology caught up with Campbell-Swinton's initial ideas.
 Other inventors would use Campbell-Swinton's ideas, as a starting-point to realise the cathode ray tube television as the standard, workable form of all electronic television that it became for decades after his death.
 It is generally considered that the original credit for the successful theoretical conception of using a cathode ray tube device for imaging should belong to Campbell-Swinton.
The 7JP4 is an early black and white or monochrome cathode ray tube (also called picture tube and kinescope).
 It was a popular type used in late 1940s low cost and small table model televisions.
 The 7JP4 has a 7" diameter round screen which was often partially masked.
 Unlike later electromagnetically deflected TV tubes, the 7JP4 is electrostatically deflected like an oscilloscope tube.
The shadow mask is one of the technologies used to manufacture cathode ray tube (CRT) televisions and computer displays that produce color images.
 Another approach is the aperture grille, better known by its trade name, Trinitron.
 All early color televisions and the majority of CRT computer monitors used shadow mask technology.
 Both of these technologies are largely obsolete, having been increasingly replaced since the 1990s by the liquid-crystal display (LCD).
Large-screen television technology developed rapidly in the late 1990s and 2000s.
 Various thin screen technologies are being developed, but only the liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display (PDP) and Digital Light Processing (DLP) have been released on the public market.
 These technologies have almost completely displaced cathode ray tubes (CRT) in television sales, due to the necessary bulkiness of cathode ray tubes.
 However, recently released technologies like organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and not-yet released technologies like surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED) or field emission display (FED) are making their way to replace the first flat screen technologies in picture quality.
 The diagonal screen size of a CRT television is limited to about 40 inches because of the size requirements of the cathode ray tube, which fires three beams of electrons onto the screen, creating a viewable image.
 A larger screen size requires a longer tube, making a CRT television with a large screen (50 to 80 inches) unrealistic because of size.
 The aforementioned technologies can produce large-screen televisions that are much thinner.