Question: Was Yakov Protazanov or Marcel Duchamp born in 1881

Context articles: George de Zayas
Yakov Protazanov
The Case of Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp Prize
Marcel Duchamp
Portrait of Marcel Duchamp
Anemic Cinema
L.H.O.O.Q.
Found object
Prelude to a Broken Arm

George de Zayas (1898–1967), a Mexican caricature artist, best known for work that appeared in "Collier's", "Harper's Bazaar", and the magazine section of the "New York Herald Tribune".
 His father, Rafael de Zayas Enriquez (1848–1932), was a noted historian, orator, and lawyer, named Poet Laureate of his country.
 In 1907, opposition to the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz forced the de Zayas family to flee their homeland and settle in New York.
 There, George's brother, Marius de Zayas (1880–1961), became a well-known caricature artist and art dealer.
 At the age of 16, George left for Paris to study art, where he met some of the most important artists of the day.
 In 1919, he contributed eleven caricatures to the portfolio by Curnonsky, pseudonym of the French writer Maurice Edmond Sailland (1872–1956), who later became a well-known food critic.
 The portfolio was entitled "Huit Peintres, deux sculpteurs et un musician tres modernes".
 The eight painters mentioned in the title were Marcel Duchamp, Albert Gleizes, Henri Matisse, Marie Laurencin, Jean Metzinger, Francis Picabia, Pablo Picasso and Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes; the sculptors Alexander Archipenko and Constantin Brâncuși; and the musician Eric Satie.
 It was also while living in Paris that de Zayas gave Marcel Duchamp a comet-shaped tonsure which was photographed by Man Ray, an image that has often been reproduced in the literature on this famous French artist.
 De Zayas returned to the United States in 1926, where he worked for a variety of magazines on a free-lance basis.
 In 1933, he designed the Huey Long Medal, and in 1938, joined the Artists Guild, where, for a brief period, he served as president.
 He ended his career as a commercial photographer, working for many years for the International Division of RCA.
Yakov Alexandrovich Protazanov (Russian: Я́ков Алекса́ндрович Протаза́нов ; January 23 (O.S. February 4), 1881 – August 8, 1945) was a Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter, and one of the founding fathers of cinema of Russia.
 He was an Honored Artist of the Russian SFSR (1935) and Uzbek SSR (1944).
The Case of Marcel Duchamp is a 1984 British mystery film directed by David Rowan and starring Guy Rolfe, Raymond Francis, Harold Innocent and Juliet Hammond.
 Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson come out of retirement to solve a final case concerning the artist Marcel Duchamp.
The Marcel Duchamp Prize (in French : "Prix Marcel Duchamp") is an annual award given to a young artist by the Association pour la Diffusion Internationale de l'Art Français (ADIAF).
 The winner receives €35,000 personally and up to €30,000 in order to produce an exhibition of their work in the Modern Art museum (Centre Georges Pompidou).
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (] ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, conceptual art and Dada, although he was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups.
 Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture.
 Duchamp has had an immense impact on twentieth-century and twenty first-century art; and he had a seminal influence on the development of conceptual art.
 By World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (like Henri Matisse) as "retinal" art, intended only to please the eye.
 Instead, Duchamp wanted to use art to serve the mind.
Portrait of Marcel Duchamp is a 1919 work of art by Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven.
 It is an example of readymade art, a term coined by Marcel Duchamp in 1915 to describe his found object art.
Anemic Cinema or Anémic Cinéma (1926) is a Dadaist, surrealist, or experimental film made by Marcel Duchamp.
 The film depicts whirling animated drawings—which Duchamp called Rotoreliefs—alternated with puns in French.
 The text, which spirals in a counterclockwise motion suggests a set up of erotic scenarios.
 Duchamp creates a dualism between silence and loudness through images.
 Duchamp signed the film with his alter ego name of Rrose Sélavy.
L.H.O.O.Q. (] ) is a work of art by Marcel Duchamp.
 First conceived in 1919, the work is one of what Duchamp referred to as readymades, or more specifically a rectified ready-made.
 The readymade involves taking mundane, often utilitarian objects not generally considered to be art and transforming them, by adding to them, changing them, or (as in the case of his most famous work "Fountain") simply renaming them and placing them in a gallery setting.
 In "L.H.O.O.Q." the "objet trouvé" ("found object") is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title.
Found object originates from the French "objet trouvé", describing art created from undisguised, but often modified, objects or products that are not normally considered materials from which art is made, often because they already have a non-art function.
 Pablo Picasso first publicly utilized the idea when he pasted a printed image of chair caning onto his painting titled "Still Life with Chair Caning" (1912).
 Marcel Duchamp is thought to have perfected the concept several years later when he made a series of ready-mades, consisting of completely unaltered everyday objects selected by Duchamp and designated as art.
 The most famous example is "Fountain" (1917), a standard urinal purchased from a hardware store and displayed on a pedestal, resting on its side.
 In its strictest sense art term "ready-made" is applied exclusively to works produced by Marcel Duchamp, who borrowed the term from the clothing industry while living in New York, and especially to works dating from 1913 to 1921.
Prelude to a Broken Arm (En prévision du bras cassé in French) is a 1915 sculpture by Dada artist Marcel Duchamp that consisted of a regular snow shovel with the title and "from Marcel Duchamp 1915" painted on the handle.
 An antidote to what he called "retinal art", this sculpture was the second of a series of sculptures that he called "ready-mades", the most famous of which is his 1917 "Fontaine" ("Fountain").
 At the time, the term "ready-made" referred to manufactured goods as opposed to handmade goods, but Duchamp used the term to describe "an ordinary object elevated to the dignity of a work of art by the mere choice of an artist".
 The original was hung from a wire in the studio and has since been lost.
 It is believed that the shovel was mistaken for an ordinary snow shovel and was removed to move snow off the sidewalks of Chicago.
 A replica of the sculpture is on display at the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut.