Question: Are both Sarah Waters and Lincoln Steffens considered journalists?

Context articles: The Shame of the Cities
Tipping the Velvet (TV series)
Organized crime in Minneapolis
The Paying Guests
Sarah Waters
Hruby Conservatory of Music
A. A. Ames
Justin Kaplan
The Little Stranger
Lincoln Steffens

The Shame of the Cities is a book written by American author Lincoln Steffens.
 Published in 1904, it is a collection of articles which Steffens had written for "McClure’s Magazine".
 It reports on the workings of corrupt political machines in several major U.S. cities, along with a few efforts to combat them.
 It is considered one of several early major pieces of muckraking journalism, though Steffens later claimed that this work made him "the first muckraker."
Tipping the Velvet is a 2002 BBC television drama serial based on the best-selling debut novel by Sarah Waters of the same name.
 It originally screened in three episodes on BBC Two and was produced for the BBC by the independent production company Sally Head Productions.
 It stars Rachael Stirling, Keeley Hawes, and Jodhi May.
Organized crime in Minneapolis first attracted national attention in 1903, when thug and mayor Doc Ames (1842-1911) was exposed by Lincoln Steffens in the book "The Shame of the Cities".
 Steffens's account and subsequent trials revealed a police department recruited from felons shaking down the Minneapolis underworld on the mayor's behalf.
 Ames later fled the state, spending a short period as a fugitive before being arrested and extradited to Minnesota.
 He was convicted of receiving a bribe and sentenced to six years in prison.
 His sentence was later appealed and overturned.
The Paying Guests is a 2014 novel by Welsh author Sarah Waters.
 It was shortlisted for the Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction and named 'Fiction Book of the Year' by "The Sunday Times" who said that "this novel magnificently confirms Sarah Waters' status as an unsurpassed fictional recorder of vanished eras and hidden lives."
Sarah Waters (born 21 July 1966) is a Welsh novelist.
 She is best known for her novels set in Victorian society and featuring lesbian protagonists, such as "Tipping the Velvet" and "Fingersmith".
The Hruby Conservatory of Music is a historic building completed in 1917 and located on Broadway Avenue in the Slavic Village area of Cleveland, Ohio.
 It was designed by the architectural firm of Steffens & Steffens as a music school for Frank and Fred Hruby, of the locally renowned musical Hruby Family.
 The style is considered Late 19th and 20th century Renaissance Revival.
Albert Alonzo "Doc" Ames (January 18, 1842 – November 16, 1911) was a doctor and politician who held four non-consecutive terms as mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota.
 His fourth term was marked by allegations of widespread corruption which were popularized by muckraking journalist Lincoln Steffens in a 1903 article in McClure's Magazine titled "The Shame of Minneapolis."
 Ames was found guilty of corruption, but after a successful appeal and multiple mistrials the charges were dropped.
Justin Daniel "Joe" Kaplan (September 5, 1925 in Manhattan, New York City – March 2, 2014 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American writer and editor.
 The general editor of "Bartlett's Familiar Quotations" (16th and 17th eds.)
, he was best known as a biographer, particularly of Samuel Clemens, Lincoln Steffens, and Walt Whitman.
The Little Stranger is a 2009 gothic novel written by Sarah Waters.
 It is a ghost story set in a dilapidated mansion in Warwickshire, England in the 1940s.
 Departing from her earlier themes of lesbian and gay fiction, Waters' fifth novel features a male narrator, a country doctor who makes friends with an old gentry family of declining fortunes who own a very old estate that is crumbling around them.
 The stress of reconciling the state of their finances with the familial responsibility of keeping the estate coincides with perplexing events which may or may not be of supernatural origin, culminating in tragedy.
Lincoln Joseph Steffens (April 6, 1866 – August 9, 1936) was a New York reporter who launched a series of articles in "McClure's", called "Tweed Days in St. Louis", that would later be published together in a book titled "The Shame of the Cities".
 He is remembered for investigating corruption in municipal government in American cities and for his early support for the Soviet Union.