Question: What type of games are Die Macher and Finance?

Context articles: Roanoke Steam
GAP waiver
Die Macher
Sang Bin Lee
Finance (game)
Conservation finance
Pancake die
Viswanathan Raghunathan
Finance and Leasing Association
Factoring (finance)

The Roanoke Steam is a now-defunct af2 charter member franchise.
 They played their home games at the Roanoke Civic Center in Roanoke, Virginia.
 The Steam were unable to get into the playoffs during their only three years in the league.
 In early May of the 2002 season, the original ownership group, consisting of businessmen Harold Jordan, Richard Macher, and Richard Yancey, declared that the LLC controlling the franchise was bankrupt and subsequently fired all team employees.
 In order to preserve the existing af2 schedule, the league office assumed control of the team and hired back the remaining employees.
 After a two-month search for a new ownership group, the league ceased operations of the franchise in late July 2002.
 Several reasons were cited for the collapse of the Steam, including poor attendance, inadequate marketing, and Roanoke being an unsuitable market to maintain a minor league football franchise.
GAP waiver is a type of guaranteed auto protection.
 The waiver part of GAP waiver is the direct arrangement or agreement between borrower and finance company.
 GAP waiver is designed to protect a borrower from a large unexpected unscheduled immediately due monetary amount demanded by finance company after the total loss of a vehicle where such vehicle has an outstanding financial obligation.
 In other words; someone has a serious accident, the appraiser deems it cost effective to replace rather than repair your vehicle, and they determine actual cash value ("ACV") on such replacement minus deductible (“DED” if applicable) to be less than what is owed to finance company by the borrower.
 Finance companies refer to this as the loan or lease deficiency.
 This deficiency is immediately due upon demand of the finance company unless the GAP waiver (or GAP insurance) is purchased.
 GAP waiver is direct deficiency or debt forgiveness by a finance company.
 Although GAP waiver and GAP insurance appear to have the same end result, they are differentiated by who can offer it.
 GAP waiver is offered directly to a borrower by a finance company.
 Any other offering or way would be GAP insurance as it carries third party indemnification.
 In other words, GAP insurance and GAP waivers are conceptually different.
 With a GAP waiver, the lender agrees to extinguish the borrower’s financial contractual obligation under terms of the loan/lease.
 With GAP insurance, the contractual obligation remains but it is paid for by the insurer on the borrower’s behalf.
 From a borrower’s perspective, the net effect is not technically the same.
Die Macher is a strategy board game designed by Karl-Heinz Schmiel of Germany.
 The game is based on the German electoral system and each player takes the role of one of five political parties (in the 2006 edition, the CDU/CSU, FDP, SPD, Greens, and Die Linke).
 Parties score points based on seats won in seven state "(Land)" elections, the size of their national party base, the amount to which they control the national media, and how well their party platform aligns with national opinion.
Sang Bin Lee is a finance academic, best known as developer of the Ho-Lee short rate model, the first arbitrage-free model of that type.
 He is widely published in major journals, and has co-authored four finance texts.
 He is Professor of Finance at Hanyang University and President Elect of the Korean Securities Association.
 Previously, he was an assistant director Ministry of Finance, Korea and an Independent Director and a member of Risk Management Committee, Hana Bank.
 He received his Bachelor of Business Administration from Seoul National University (1975), a Master of Economics from Cornell University (1981) and a Ph.D in Business Administration from New York University (1985; Dissertation: “Term Structure Movements and the Pricing of Corporate Bond Provisions").
Finance, or The Fascinating Game of Finance or Finance and Fortune, is a board game originally released in 1932.
 The game is based on "The Landlord's Game" in the movement of pieces around the board, the use of cards, properties that can be purchased, and houses that can be erected on them.
 The game also has railroads, however these may not be purchased.
 The game is actually a predecessor to "Monopoly".
Conservation Finance describes the practice of raising and managing capital to support land, water, and resource conservation.
 Conservation financing options vary by source from public, private, and nonprofit funders; by type from loans, to grants, to tax incentives, to market mechanisms; and by scale ranging from federal to state, national to local.
 Conservationists have traditionally relied upon private, philanthropic capital in the form of solicited donations, foundation grants, etc., and public, governmental funds in the form of tax incentives, ballot measures, bonding, agency appropriations, etc., to fund conservation projects and initiatives.
 Although governments and philanthropists provide a moderate amount of funds, there is a shortage in the capital required to preserve global ecosystems.
 On an annual basis, investors must allocate $300 to $400 billion to meet worldwide conservation needs.
 From this amount, funders only provide approximately $52 billion per year to conservation finance.
 Increasingly, conservationists are embracing a broader range of funding and financing options, leveraging traditional “philanthropic and government resources with other sources of capital, including that from the capital markets."
 These non-traditional sources of conservation capital include debt-financing, emerging tax benefits, private equity investments, and project financing.
 These additional sources of leverage serve to enlarge the pool of financial capital available to fund conservation work worldwide and, as this financial capital is invested, the asset portfolio of conserved land, water and natural resources is grown.
A pancake die is a simple type of manufacturing die that performs blanking or piercing.
 Many dies perform complex procedures simultaneously (or progressively for progressive die) such as coining, piercing, forming, bending in addition to product removal and transport (for additional manufacturing procedures or packaging).
 A pancake die may only perform one simple procedure with the finish product being removed by hand.
Dr. V. Raghunathan (born 1954) is an academic, author, columnist, hobbyist and a CEO.
 He is currently, Director, Schulich School of Business (York University, Toronto), India (Hyderabad Campus).
 Since 2013, for three consecutive years, Dr. Raghunathan has been featured in the list of top 50 thinkers in management across India and the Indian disapora.
 Since 2005, he is also the CEO of GMR Varalakshmi Foundation.
 Earlier he was President, ING Vysya Bank (2001-2004) and Managing Director, GMR Industries Ltd (2007-2008), GMR Group.
 He has been an Adjunct Professor at the Bocconi University, Milan, Italy, since 1990, and Schulich School of Business, York University, Toronto, Canada.
 He taught finance and accounting at IIM, Ahmedabad from 1982 to 2001, where he held various positions, including Chairman, Post Graduate Programme.
 He is the co-author of "Beyond the Call of Duty" (HarperCollins, 2015), and has authored "Duryodhana" (HarperCollins, 2014), "Locks, Mahabharata & Mathematics" (HarperCollins, 2013), "Ganesha on the Dashboard "(Penguin, 2012), "The Corruption Conundrum And Other Paradoxes And Dilemmas" (Penguin, 2010), "Don’t Sprint The Marathon" (HarperCollins, 2010), "Games Indians Play" (Penguin, 2006), and several other books on Corporate Finance.
 Raghunathan is also a columnist of long standing, especially with The Economic Times, and has authored over 500 papers and articles .
 He also blogs for The Times of India and has held a cartoon column briefly with The Financial Express in the past.
 A graduate of Panjab University, Chandigarh, Raghunathan obtained his doctorate in finance from Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta.
The Finance and Leasing Association (FLA) is the leading trade association for the UK consumer credit, motor finance and asset finance sectors, and the largest organisation of its type in Europe.
 Members of FLA include: banks, subsidiaries of banks and building societies, the finance arms of retailers and manufacturing companies as well as independent firms.
 They also represent 75% of "second charge" lenders and in the wake of the growing credit and mortgage problems, have extended their support of so-called responsible lending.
Factoring is a financial transaction and a type of debtor finance in which a business "sells" its accounts receivable (i.e., invoices) to a third party (called a factor) at a discount.
 A business will sometimes factor its receivable assets to meet its present and immediate cash needs.
 Forfaiting is a factoring arrangement used in international trade finance by exporters who wish to sell their receivables to a forfaiter.
 Factoring is commonly referred to as accounts receivable factoring, invoice factoring, and sometimes accounts receivable financing.
 Accounts receivable financing is a term more accurately used to describe a form of asset based lending against accounts receivable.
 The Commercial Finance Association is the leading trade association of the asset-based lending and factoring industries.It is Also Covered Under INDAS as same.