Question: Naïve and Sentimental Music is a symphonic work by the American composer John Adams, the title of the work alludes to an essay by which German poet, philosopher, physician, historian, and playwright?

Context articles: Gnarly Buttons
Harry Freedman
John Adams (miniseries)
Friedrich Schiller
On the Transmigration of Souls
Naïve and Sentimental Music
Harmonium (Adams)
A World Requiem
Harmonielehre
City Noir

Gnarly Buttons is a composition for solo clarinet and chamber ensemble by the American composer John Adams.
 The London Sinfonietta and Present Music (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) co-commissioned the work.
 The work received its premiere at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London on October 19, 1996 with the London Sinfonietta, Michael Collins as solo clarinetist and the composer conducting.
 The work received its first Proms performance on 23 July 1998, conducted by Markus Stenz.
 The New York City premiere was in October 1997, with David Shifrin as the clarinet soloist and Ransom Wilson conducting musicians of the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center.
Harry Freedman ("Henryk Frydmann"), {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (April 5, 1922 – September 16, 2005) was a Canadian composer, english hornist, and music educator of Polish birth.
 He wrote a significant amount of symphonic works, including the scores to films such as "The Bloody Brood" (1959), "Isabel" (1968), "The Act of the Heart" (1970), "The Pyx" (1973) and "The Courage of Kavik the Wolf Dog" (1980), and composed a substantial amount of chamber music.
 He also composed music for six ballets, an opera, some incidental music for the theatre, and a few vocal art songs and choral works.
 He was awarded a Juno Award in 1996 for his symphonic work "Touchings", which was recorded by the Esprit Orchestra on the Nexus label.
 He won the 1998 composition prize at the International Rostrum of Composers for "Borealis", a symphonic work co-commissioned by the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Soundstreams Canada, and CBC Radio.
 In 2002 the Canadian Music Centre released a commercial recording dedicated to his music, "Canadian Composers Portraits: Harry Freedman".
John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U.S. President John Adams's political life and his role in the founding of the United States.
 Paul Giamatti portrays John Adams.
 The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper.
 Kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the book "John Adams" by David McCullough.
 The biopic of John Adams and the story of the first fifty years of the United States was broadcast in seven parts by HBO between March 16 and April 20, 2008.
 "John Adams" received widespread critical acclaim and many prestigious awards.
 The show won four Golden Globe awards and thirteen Emmy awards, more than any other miniseries in history.
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (] ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, physician, historian, and playwright.
 During the last seventeen years of his life (1788–1805), Schiller struck up a productive, if complicated, friendship with the already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
 They frequently discussed issues concerning aesthetics, and Schiller encouraged Goethe to finish works he left as sketches.
 This relationship and these discussions led to a period now referred to as Weimar Classicism.
 They also worked together on "Xenien", a collection of short satirical poems in which both Schiller and Goethe challenge opponents to their philosophical vision.
On the Transmigration of Souls is a composition for orchestra, chorus, children's choir, and pre-recorded tape by the American composer John Adams (born 1947).
 It was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic and Lincoln Center's Great Performers (and an anonymous but prominent New York family) shortly after the September 11 terrorist attacks of 2001.
 Adams began writing the piece in late January 2002, and the music was premiered by the New York Philharmonic on September 19, 2002 at Avery Fisher Hall.
 The work is composed in a single movement and has a duration of approximately 25 minutes.
 Its sheet music is published by Boosey & Hawkes.
Naïve and Sentimental Music is a symphonic work by the American composer John Adams.
 The title of the work alludes to an essay by Friedrich Schiller, "On Naïve and Sentimental Poetry", that contrasts a creative personality that creates art for its own sake (the "naïve") versus one conscious of other purposes, such as art’s place in history (the "sentimental").
 The composer cites both the slowly developing harmonies of Bruckner's Fourth Symphony and the atmosphere of the Sonoma coastline (where the piece was composed) as inspirations for the work.
 The piece was co-commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Ensemble Modern, the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.
 It received its first public performance by the Los Angeles Philharmonic conducted by Esa-Pekka Salonen on February 19, 1999.
 A recording by Salonen and the Los Angeles Philharmonic was subsequently released by Nonesuch Records.
Harmonium is a composition for chorus and orchestra that could be considered a choral symphony in all but name, by the American composer John Adams, written in 1980-1981 for the first season of Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco, California.
 The work is based on poetry by John Donne and Emily Dickinson.
 It is regarded as one of the key compositions of Adams' "minimalist" period.
 The San Francisco Symphony and the San Francisco Symphony Chorus, with conductor Edo de Waart, gave the premiere of the work on 15 April 1981, and subsequently recorded it.
 The UK premiere was on 13 October 1987 at Birmingham Town Hall, with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO) conducted by Simon Rattle.
 Rattle and the CBSO gave the London premiere on 28 July 1990 at The Proms.
A World Requiem, Op.
 60 is a large-scale symphonic work with soloists and choirs by the British composer John Foulds.
 Written as a requiem and using forces similar in scale to Gustav Mahler's Eighth Symphony, the work calls for a full symphony orchestra, soloists, massed choirs including children's choirs, offstage instrumentalists and an organ.
Harmonielehre is a 1985 orchestral composition by American composer John Adams.
 The composition's title, German for "study of harmony," is found in the title of several music theory texts, including those written by Arnold Schoenberg (1911), Heinrich Schenker (1906), and Hugo Riemann (1893), with Adams explicitly referring to Schoenberg's.
City Noir is a symphonic work by the composer John Adams.
 A primary inspiration for the piece is the work of historian Kevin Starr on urban California in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
 The composer characterizes the work as "jazz-inflected symphonic music", citing the French composer Darius Milhaud as originator of this trend.
 It has a duration of 35 minutes, features solos for alto saxophone, trumpet, trombone, horn, viola, and Double Bass, and has three movements: