Question: Theologus Autodidactus was partly a response to the philosophical novel by a writer born in what year?

Context articles: The Nemesis of Faith
The Time of the Angels
Pherecydes of Syros
Ibn Tufail
Ishmael (novel)
Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
Alfons Martí Bauçà
The Picture of Dorian Gray
The Cream of the Jest
Theologus Autodidactus

The Nemesis of Faith is an epistolary philosophical novel by James Anthony Froude published in 1849.
 Partly autobiographical, the novel depicts the causes and consequences of a young priest's crisis of faith.
 Like many of his contemporaries, Froude came to question his Christian faith in light of early nineteenth century developments in history, theology, and science.
 Froude was particularly influenced by the Catholic teachings of the Oxford Movement and by the new approach to religious scholarship developed by the German Higher Critics.
The Time of the Angels is a philosophical novel by British novelist Iris Murdoch.
 First published in 1966, it was her tenth novel.
 The novel centres on Carel Fisher, an eccentric Anglican priest who is the rector of a London church which was destroyed by bombing during World War II.
 Fisher denies the existence of God and the possibility of human goodness in a post-theistic world.
 The novel, which has elements of Gothic fiction, received mixed reviews on its publication.
Pherecydes of Syros ( ; Φερεκύδης ὁ Σύριος ; fl.
 6th century BC) was a Greek thinker from the island of Syros.
 Pherecydes authored a cosmogony, derived from three divine principles, "Zas" (Zeus), "Cthonie" (Earth) and "Chronos" (Time), known as the "Pentemychos" (Πεντέμυχος, "of the five recesses"; sometimes the alternative title "Heptamychos", "seven recesses" is given).
 It formed a bridge between the mythological thought of Hesiod and pre-Socratic philosophy.
 His work is lost, but it survived into the Hellenistic period and we are informed on part of its content indirectly.
 Pherecydes was said to have been the first writer to communicate philosophical musings in prose.
 According to William (ca. 1896), "Aristotle regarded him partly a mythological writer and Plutarch, as well as many other writers gave him the title of Theologus".
Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 – 1185) (full Arabic name: أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الملك بن محمد بن طفيل القيسي الأندلسي "Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi"; Latinized form: "Abubacer Aben Tofail"; Anglicized form: "Abubekar" or "Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail") was a Moorish Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official.
Ishmael is a 1992 philosophical novel by Daniel Quinn.
 It examines the mythological thinking at the heart of modern civilization, its effect on ethics, and how this relates to sustainability and societal collapse on the global scale.
 The novel uses a style of Socratic dialogue to deconstruct the notion that humans are the pinnacle of biological evolution.
 It posits that anthropocentrism and several other widely accepted modern ideas are actually cultural myths and that global civilization is enacting these myths with catastrophic consequences.
 The novel was awarded the $500,000 Turner Tomorrow Fellowship Award in 1991, a year before its formal publication.
Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Arabic: حي بن يقظان‎ ‎ ""Alive, son of Awake""; Latin: "Philosophus Autodidactus" ""The Self-Taught Philosopher""; English: The Improvement of Human Reason: Exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan ), the first Arabic novel, was written by Ibn Tufail (also known as "Aben Tofail" or "Ebn Tophail"), a Arab philosopher and physician, in early 12th century Islamic Spain.
 The novel was itself named after an earlier Arabic allegorical tale and philosophical romance of the same name, written by Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in the early 11th century, though they had different stories.
Alfons Marti, or "Alfons Marti Bauza", is a Spanish writer, born in Palma de Mallorca (Balearic Islands) on 8 February 1968.
 He has written essays, a philosophical novel and travel books, amongst other works.
The Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of "Lippincott's Monthly Magazine".
 The magazine's editor feared the story was indecent, and without Wilde's knowledge, deleted roughly five hundred words before publication.
 Despite that censorship, "The Picture of Dorian Gray" offended the moral sensibilities of British book reviewers, some of whom said that Oscar Wilde merited prosecution for violating the laws guarding the public morality.
 In response, Wilde aggressively defended his novel and art in correspondence with the British press, although he personally made excisions of some of the most controversial material when revising and lengthening the story for book publication the following year.
The Cream of the Jest : A Comedy of Evasions is a comical and philosophical novel with possible fantasy elements, by James Branch Cabell, published in 1917.
 Much of it consists of the historical dreams and philosophical reflections of the main character, the famous writer Felix Kennaston.
 An early reviewer said it was more a series of essays than a novel.
Theologus Autodidactus ("The Self-taught Theologian"), originally titled The Treatise of Kāmil on the Prophet's Biography (Arabic: الرسالة الكاملية في السيرة النبوية‎ ‎ ), also known as Risālat Fādil ibn Nātiq ("The Book of Fādil ibn Nātiq"), was the first theological novel, written by Ibn al-Nafis.
 This work is one of the first Arabic novels, may be considered an early example of a science fiction novel, and an early example of a coming of age tale and a desert island story.
 This novel was written sometime between 1268 and 1277.
 It was partly a response to the philosophical novel "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan" by Andalusi writer Ibn Tufail.