Question: What s an educational war game invented in the Philippines by Sofronio H. Pasola, Jr. in 1970, Game of the Generals or Risk?

Context articles: Wargaming
Kriegspiel (chess)
Imperial Commander
Risk: Global Domination
Attack! (board game)
Risk (game)
VGA Planets
Game of the Generals
Proud Prophet
Neutron (game)

A wargame (also war game) is a strategy game that deals with military operations of various types, real or fictional.
 Wargaming is the hobby dedicated to the play of such games, which can also be called conflict simulations, or consims for short.
 When used professionally by the military to study warfare, "war game" may refer to a simple theoretical study or a full-scale military exercise.
 Hobby wargamers have traditionally used "wargame", while the military has generally used "war game"; this is not a hard and fast rule.
 Although there may be disagreements as to whether a particular game qualifies as a wargame or not, a general consensus exists that all such games must explore and represent some feature or aspect of human behaviour directly bearing on the conduct of war, even if the game subject itself does not concern organized violent conflict or warfare.
 Business wargames exist as well, but in general, they are only role-playing games based on market situations.
Kriegspiel is a chess variant invented by Henry Michael Temple in 1899 and based upon the original Kriegsspiel (German for "war game") developed by Georg von Reiswitz in 1812.
 In this game each player can see their own pieces, but not those of their opponent.
 For this reason, it is necessary to have a third person (or computer) act as a referee, with full information about the progress of the game.
 When it is a player's turn he or she will attempt a move, which the referee will declare to be 'legal' or 'illegal'.
 If the move is illegal, the player tries again; if it is legal, that move stands.
 Each player is given information about checks and captures.
 They may also ask the referee if there are any legal captures with a pawn.
 Since the position of the opponent's pieces is unknown, Kriegspiel is not a game with perfect information.
 Chess Kriegspiel derives from a war game which was used in 19th century Germany to train military officers.
 As each player cannot see his or her opponents pieces, the game is sometimes referred to as "blind chess".
Imperial Commander is a 15mm science fiction war game, based on the range of metal "Laserburn" miniatures available from Tabletop Games.
 Written by Richard Halliwell and Bryan Ansell in 1981, the game still has a small but enthusiastic following.
 Battles take place between an oppressive, galaxy spanning "Imperium" and the religious, fanatic "Red Redemption".
 Players take in turns to move, fight and command armies of between twenty and fifty miniature figures each, and following the rules, tabletop games lasting a few hours are played.
 This type of war game is played on a tabletop with miniature figures, vehicles and scenery.
 Two or more players are required.
 An updated version of this game, called "Imperial Commander 2" was in development, but because of copyright issues was never published.
Risk: Global Domination is a game for the PlayStation 2 (an Xbox version was canceled), about the very popular board game, "Risk".
 It was released in 2003.
 In "Risk: Global Domination", the player tries to dominate the world by defeating eleven famous generals.
 When players accomplish certain goals they achieve medals such as, the Medal of Jasonic Meret, which is achieved by winning their 10th career game, the Order of the Liberator, which is awarded when conquering the 100th, and Dominato Veinti, which is awarded after achieving all 33 other medals.
 There are 34 medals to earn total.
Attack!
 is a board game created by Glenn Drover and published by Eagle Games in 2003.
 It is a light war game that is midway between "Risk" and "Axis and Allies" in complexity.
 The game is loosely set in the 1930s and includes plastic pieces featuring tanks, planes, infantry, and artillery.
 "Attack!"
 won the Origins Award for "Best Historical Game 2003".
Risk is a strategy board game of diplomacy, conflict and conquest for two to six players.
 The standard version is played on a board depicting a political map of the earth, divided into forty-two territories, which are grouped into six continents. Turn rotates among players who control armies of playing pieces with which they attempt to capture territories from other players, with results determined by dice rolls.
 Players may form and dissolve alliances during the course of the game.
 The goal of the game is to occupy every territory on the board and in doing so, eliminate the other players.
 The game can be lengthy, requiring several hours to multiple days to finish.
 European versions are structured so that each player has a limited "secret mission" objective that shortens the game.
VGA Planets is a graphical, multi-player, space strategy war game.
 The game simulates combat in space between galactic scale empires.
 The game emphasizes colonization of space and the development of the planets that you find, colonize or conquer.
 Development of these resources determines what kind of starships (freighters and capital ships) that the player is able to produce.
 The game is designed to be a strategic and tactical game of warfare, with a strong emphasis on economic development.
 The game is set in the "Echo Cluster" where 11 different races fight for control.
 It was one of the first indie games to become commercially successful.
 It was notable for being played via email, without a central server: each game of up to 11 players is handled independently, with the players sending their orders for each turn to the computer which manages that game.
The Game of the Generals, also called GG as it is most fondly called, or simply The Generals, is an educational war game invented in the Philippines by Sofronio H. Pasola, Jr. in 1970.
 Its Filipino name is "Salpakan."
 It can be played within twenty to thirty minutes.
 It is designed for two players, each controlling an army, and a neutral arbiter (sometimes called a referee or an adjutant) to decide the results of "challenges" between opposing playing pieces, that like playing cards, have their identities hidden from the opponent.
Proud Prophet was a simulated war game played by the United States in 1983.
 With an ongoing arms buildup against the Soviet Union, President Ronald Reagan and his Administration had a great deal of concern for the U.S. nuclear war plan and what may occur if we did not take action.
 After being briefed on the strike plan in place, President Reagan was unsatisfied and took measures to simulate a response to the onset of a nuclear war.
 The simulation consisted of 200 Military Personnel and Politicians with only twelve days of actual play.
 Stretching the twelve days of gameplay over several week periods, Personnel involved in the simulation were forced to make critical strategic and diplomatic decisions to test the effectiveness of the United States strike plan.
 Due to heightened tensions with the ongoing Cold War made this simulation the most realistic in United States Military history.
 For the first time ever, the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff took part in the game, although their participation was concealed.
 One of the main purposes of the simulation was to test the response of the National Command Authority's (NCA) decision making when dealing with many different situations at once.
 Although Proud Prophet was intended to help senior officials test their nuclear strategies, it was apparent that many of the concepts in place were incompatible with current Military capabilities.
 Many important parts of this simulation saw limited use of de-escalation tactics.
 If a risk of a war did occur, many Military advisors saw the use of nuclear missiles as the deterring factor when dealing with the Soviet Union.
 The idea behind this concept was that Soviet forces would seek ceasefire if the West moved to use nuclear weapons.
 The final outcome of the Proud Prophet war game would show the need to resolve global issues in times of war or potential war.
 The outcome of an all-out nuclear war is the total destruction of both sides involved, and a death toll nearly reaching half a billion with the remaining dying from starvation or lethal doses of radiation.
 The government file for Proud Prophet was not declassified until December 20th, 2012, and was only declassified in part.
 While there is no known reason why it was unclassified under the Obama administration.
Neutron is a two-player abstract strategy game invented by Robert A. Kraus.
 The game was first published in the Playroom section of Games & Puzzles 71 in July/August 1978.
 It is a game where each player moves two different pieces in a single turn without the use of dice.
 Games like Backgammon and Risk allow a player to move two or more different pieces in one turn, however, these games use dice.
 One other game that uses this concept is the L Game by Edward De Bono, and that game is also a modern invention.