Question: Worker: What are Marsh v. Chambers and Planned Parenthood v. Casey known for being?

Context articles: Planned Parenthood
Rain Without Thunder
Abortion in Oklahoma
Alexander C. Sanger
Marsh v. Chambers
Nancy Northup
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Planned Parenthood v. Rounds
Stephen Freind
Stenberg v. Carhart

Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), or Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive health care in the United States and globally.
 It is a tax-exempt corporation under Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(3) and a member association of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF).
 PPFA has its roots in Brooklyn, New York, where Margaret Sanger opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S. in 1916.
 Sanger founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which changed its name to Planned Parenthood in 1942.
Rain Without Thunder is a 1993 American science fiction film directed by Gary O. Bennett and starring Betty Buckley and Jeff Daniels.
 The film is set fifty years in the future from the time of production.
 Although the "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" case is not mentioned by name, the decision took place in the same year as the film was made and many characteristics of the society portrayed are clearly a reaction to the growing possibilities of restricting abortion rights at the time of production.
 The film is presented as a documentary about the Goldring case, a mother and daughter imprisoned at the Walker Point Center for seeking an abortion outside of the United States.
 Although Beverly (Betty Buckley) and Allison (Ali Thomas) are the main focus, the journalist (Carolyn McCormick) also interviews numerous people with varying viewpoints discussing the ramifications of the Goldring case and abortion in general in 2042 society.
Abortion in Oklahoma is legal under United States law, following the decision in "Roe v. Wade" in 1973.
 In 1992, the Supreme Court case "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" upheld the legality of abortion but granted states permission to create restrictions, so long as they did not create an "undue burden" for women who sought abortion.
Alexander C. Sanger is an American reproductive rights activist and the current Chair of the International Planned Parenthood Council.
 He is the grandson of Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood who opened America’s first birth control clinic in Brownsville, Brooklyn, in 1916.
 Sanger previously served as a United Nations Population Fund Goodwill Ambassador, as the President of Planned Parenthood of New York City (PPNYC) and President of its international arm, The Margaret Sanger Center International (MSCI) from 1991–2000.
Marsh v. Chambers, 463 U.S. 783 (1983), was a landmark court case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that government funding for chaplains was constitutional because of the "unique history" of the United States.
 Three days before the ratification of the First Amendment in 1791, containing the Establishment clause, the federal legislature authorized hiring a chaplain for opening sessions with prayer.
Nancy Northup is the President of The Center for Reproductive Rights, in New York City.
 The Center is a reproductive rights organization that uses constitutional and international law to secure women's reproductive freedom including abortion rights in over 45 countries.
 Under her leadership, the Center helped win Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt, a Supreme Court case considered the most significant case won by the reproductive rights movement since Planned Parenthood v. Casey in 1992.
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of several Pennsylvania state statutory provisions regarding abortion was challenged.
 The Court's plurality opinion reaffirmed the central holding of "Roe v. Wade" stating that "matters, involving the most intimate and personal choices a person may make in a lifetime, choices central to personal dignity and autonomy, are central to the liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment."
 The Court's plurality opinion upheld the constitutional right to have an abortion while altering the standard for analyzing restrictions on that right, crafting the "undue burden" standard for abortion restrictions.
 "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" differs from "Roe," however, because under "Roe" the state could not regulate abortions in the first trimester whereas under "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" the state can regulate abortions in the first trimester, or any point before the point of viability, and beyond as long as that regulation does not pose an undue burden on women's fundamental right to an abortion.
 Applying this new standard of review, the Court upheld four regulations and invalidated the requirement of spousal notification.
Planned Parenthood v. Rounds (686 F.3d 889 (8th Cir.
 2012) (en banc)) was a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit that upheld a provision of a South Dakota law that requires a doctor to inform a patient, prior to providing an abortion, that one of the "known medical risks of the procedure and statistically significant risk factors" is an "increased risk of suicide ideation and suicide."
Stephen F. Freind (born 1944) is a Republican politician who served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly as the state representative for Delaware County from 1976 until 1993, when he unsuccessfully challenged Arlen Specter in the 1992 Republican primary election.
 He was most notable for authoring a law that was presented as a tort reform measure but was actually designed to restrict abortion rights, that included "requirements that a married woman notify her husband, that there be a 24-hour wait before any abortion, and that doctors show patients a pamphlet with pictures of developing fetuses".
 It was mostly upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States except for the spousal notification provision in the case of "Planned Parenthood v. Casey".
Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000), is a case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States dealing with a Nebraska law which made performing "partial-birth abortion" illegal, without regard for the health of the mother.
 Nebraska physicians who performed the procedure contrary to the law were subject to having their medical licenses revoked.
 The Court struck down the law, finding the Nebraska statute criminalizing "partial birth abortion[s]" violated the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution, as interpreted in "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" and "Roe v. Wade".