Question: Maria Campbell speaks four languages, including what language of the Métis people of Canada and the United States, who are the descendants of First Nations women?

Context articles: Subhro Bandopadhyay
Maria Campbell
Michif
Métis in Alberta
Dehcho First Nations
North-West Rebellion
First Nations in Alberta
Idle No More
Canadian Métis Council
Inge Israel

Subhro Bandopadhyay (pen name of Subhransu Banerjee) is an Indian poet who writes in Bengali.
 He won the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Yuva Award, (awarded by Govt.
 of India to young writers of the country) 2013 for his poetry book "Bouddho Lekhomala O Onnyano Shraman".
 He was born in Kolkata, 1978.
 He studied Biological Sciences then shifted to Spanish language for his keen interest in literature.
 He is a young polyglot writer who speaks four languages including Spanish and English.
 He has authored 5 poetry books, a novel and a biography on Pablo Neruda, all of them in Bengali.
 His third collection of poems was short listed for the Sanskriti Awards for Literature in 2006.
 He has received the Ruy de Clavijo scholarship from Casa Asia, Govt.
 of Spain in 2007.
 His fourth collection of poems "chitabaagh shahor" which is written at a residency programme with I Beca Internacional Antonio Machado for poetic creation (awarded jointly by Ministry of Culture, Govt.
 of Spain and Fundación Antonio Machado in 2008) in Spain the book is published under the title La ciudad leopardo, He has translated several contemporary Spanish authors into Bengali and made the maiden collection of contemporary Bengali poetry in Spanish which is published in Spain and in Chile.
 In 2014 the translation of his "Bouddho Lekhomala O Onnyano Shraman" is published in Spain under the title Poemas metálicos.
 He along with four editors, edits the magazine Kaurab.
 He teaches Spanish at Instituto Cervantes New Delhi.
Maria Campbell (born April 26, 1940 near Park Valley, SK) is a Métis author, playwright, broadcaster, filmmaker, and Elder.
 Campbell is a fluent speaker of four languages: Cree, Michif, Saulteaux, and English.
Michif (also Mitchif, Mechif, Michif-Cree, Métif, Métchif, French Cree) is the language of the Métis people of Canada and the United States, who are the descendants of First Nations women (mainly Cree, Nakota and Ojibwe) and fur trade workers of European ancestry (mainly French and Scottish Canadians).
 Currently, Michif is spoken in scattered Métis communities in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada and in North Dakota in the U.S., with about 50 speakers in Alberta, all over age 60.
 There are some 230 speakers of Michif in the United States (down from 390 at the 1990 census ), most of whom live in North Dakota, particularly in the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation.
 There are around 300 Michif speakers in the Northwest Territories, northern Canada.
 Michif emerged in the early 19th century as a mixed language (not to be confused with a creole), and adopted a consistent character between about 1820 and 1840.
Métis in Alberta are Métis people, descendants of mixed First Nations/native Indian and White/European families, who live in the Canadian province of Alberta.
 The Métis are considered an aboriginal group under Canada's constitution but are in some respects separate from the First Nations (though they live in the same regions and have cultural similarities), and have different legal rights.
 In Alberta, unlike in the rest of Canada, Métis people have negotiated certain lands to be reserved for them, known as Métis Settlements (Metis Betterment Act 1938).
 These Metis Settlements Federated in 1975 and are governed by a distinct and unquie Metis Government known as the Metis Settlements General Council (MSGC).
 The Metis Settlements General Council is the legislator of the Federation of Metis Settlements.
 MSGC is the second largest land owner in the Province of Alberta.
The Dehcho First Nations is a regional coalition representing the Dene (South Slavey people) and Métis people of Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada.
 It is made up of ten First Nations bands and 2 Métis Locals.
The North-West Rebellion (or the North-West Resistance, Saskatchewan Rebellion, Northwest Uprising, or Second Riel Rebellion) of 1885 was a brief and unsuccessful uprising by the Métis people under Louis Riel and an associated uprising by First Nations Cree and Assiniboine of the District of Saskatchewan against the government of Canada.
 The Métis believed that Canada had failed to protect their rights, their land and their survival as a distinct people.
 Riel had been invited to lead the movement but he turned it into a military action with a heavily religious tone, thereby alienating the Catholic clergy, the whites, most of the Indians and some of the Métis.
 He had a force of a couple hundred Métis and a smaller number of other Aboriginal people at Batoche in May 1885, confronting 900 government troops.
First Nations in Alberta are indigenous peoples who live in the Canadian province of Alberta.
 The First Nations are those peoples (or nations) recognized as Aboriginal peoples in Canada excluding the Inuit and the Métis.
 According to the Canadian census, in 2001 a population of 84,990 Albertans reported a "North American Indian" (i.e. First Nations) identity, rising to 116,670 in 2011 or 13.7% of all First Nations people in Canada, giving Alberta the third largest First Nations population among the provinces and territories (after Ontario and British Columbia).
 From this total around half of the population lives on an Indian reserve (58,782 Registered Indians lived on-reserve in Alberta in 2005).
 The rest of the population lives off-reserve, amongst the rest of the Canadian population.
 Many of these are urban Aboriginals living in cities, especially Edmonton (the provincial capital) which had an off-reserve status population of 18,210 people in 2011, the second highest for any city in Canada (after Winnipeg).
 Besides this there were 19,945 people in Alberta in 2011 who claimed a North American Indian identity on the census but are not part of the official Indian Register; such people are commonly called "non-status Indians".
 There are 48 First Nations or "bands" in Alberta (in the sense of governments made up of a council and a chief), belonging to nine different ethnic groups or "tribes" based on their ancestral languages.
Idle No More is an ongoing protest movement, founded in December 2012 by four women: three First Nations women and one non-Native ally.
 It is a grassroots movement among the Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprising the First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples and their non-Aboriginal supporters in Canada, and to a lesser extent, internationally.
 It has consisted of a number of political actions worldwide, inspired in part by the liquid diet hunger strike of Attawapiskat Chief Theresa Spence and further coordinated via social media.
 A reaction to alleged legislative abuses of Indigenous treaty rights by the Stephen Harper and the Conservative federal government, the movement takes particular issue with the omnibus bill Bill C-45.
 The popular movement has included round dances in public places and blockades of rail lines.
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 recognizes three Aboriginal peoples of Canada: the First Nations, Inuit and Métis.
 However, in the absence of a clear definition of the term Métis, certain descendants of the Métis of the Red River Colony, in what is now Manitoba, confuse the concepts of people and nation and assume that this recognition applies to them alone.
 But in fact, the term métis was used far earlier, in New France, to refer to all descendants of mixed marriages between men of European descent and First Nations women.
 In modern times, the Manitoba Metis Federation has turned this generic term into an ethnonym and claimed exclusive rights to its use.
 The Métis National Council – the organization that represents the Métis Nation, defined as Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the Northern United States – has done the same and still refuses to recognize the existence of other Métis, despite the recommendations in the report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and the Powley and Daniels decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada.
Born in Germany, Inge Israel grew up in France and Ireland and lived in Denmark for some years before settling in Canada.
 She first lived in Edmonton, Alberta and now has her home in Victoria, British Columbia.
 She speaks four languages and writes in both French and English.