Question: The Anfal genocide was the Kurdish genocide that killed between 50,000 and 182,000 Kurds committed during the Al-Anfal campaign, a campaign against Kurdistan in northern Iraq, led by which Ba'athist Iraqi Defense Minister, Interior Minister, military commander and chief of the Iraqi Intelligence Service, in the final stages of the Iran–Iraq War?

Context articles: Taher Tawfiq al-Ani
2011 Kurdish protests in Iraq
Iraqi Kurdistan
Ali Hassan al-Majid
Kuwaiti Government in exile
Kurds
Halabja chemical attack
Kurdification
Anfal genocide
Persecution of Feyli Kurds under Saddam Hussein

Taher Tawfiq al-Ani was an Iraqi politician who served as the Governor of Mosul and the head of the Northern Affairs Bureau during the al-Anfal campaign.
 Prior to that, he was the secretary of the Revolutionary Command Council in 1968 and later served as undersecretary in the Ministry of Works and Housing.
 He also served as the Minister of Industry and Minerals between 1979 and 1983.
 Following the 2003 Invasion of Iraq he was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal with crimes against humanity, which were alleged were committed against the Kurds during the al-Anfal campaign.
 On 24 June 2007, Tawfiq was acquitted of all charges due to a lack of evidence.
The 2011 Kurdish protests in Iraq were a series of demonstrations and riots against the Kurdistan Regional Government in northern Iraq.
 The autonomous region of Iraqi Kurdistan experienced protests distinct from protests elsewhere in Iraq, which took place concurrent with the Kurdish protests.
 These Kurdish protests were also related to the Kurdish protests in Turkey and protests in Iran, as well as a general uprising in Syria joined and supported by Syrian Kurds.
Iraqi Kurdistan, officially called the Kurdistan Region (Central Kurdish: هه‌رێمی کوردستان‎ , Arabic: إقليم كردستان‎ ‎ ) by the Iraqi constitution, is a proto-state located in the north of Iraq and constitutes the country's only autonomous region.
 It is frequently referred to as Southern Kurdistan (Central Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان‎ ; Northern Kurdish: "Başûrê Kurdistanê" ), as Kurds generally consider it to be one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Rojava or Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan).
Ali Hassan Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ("ʿAlī Ḥasan ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Tikrītī" ; Arabic: علي حسن عبد المجيد التكريتي‎ ‎ ; 1941?
 – January 2010) was a Ba'athist Iraqi Defense Minister, Interior Minister, military commander and chief of the Iraqi Intelligence Service.
 He was also the governor of Kuwait during the Persian Gulf War.
The Kuwaiti Government-in-exile (Arabic: الحكومة الكويتية في المنفى‎ ‎ ) was the government-in-exile of Kuwait following the Ba'athist Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait, during the Gulf War.
 On 2 August 1990, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah and senior members of his government fled to Saudi Arabia, where they set up a government-in-exile in Ta'if.
 The Kuwaiti government in exile was far more affluent than most other such governments, having full disposal of the very considerable Kuwaiti assets in western banks—of which it made use to conduct a massive propaganda campaign denouncing the Ba'athist Iraqi occupation and mobilizing public opinion in the western hemisphere in favor of war with Ba'athist Iraq.
 In March 1991, following the defeat of Ba'athist Iraq at the hands of coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War, the Sheikh and his government were able to return to Kuwait.
The Kurds (Kurdish: "Kurd"‎ , کورد) or the Kurdish people (Kurdish: Gelê Kurd‎ , گەلی کورد‎ ) are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).
 The Kurds are culturally, historically and linguistically classified as belonging to the Iranian peoples.
The Halabja chemical attack (Kurdish: "Kîmyabarana Helebce کیمیابارانی ھەڵەبجە"), also known as the Halabja Massacre or Bloody Friday, was a massacre against the Kurdish people that took place on March 16, 1988, during the closing days of the Iran–Iraq War in the Kurdish city of Halabja in Southern Kurdistan.
 The attack was part of the Al-Anfal Campaign in northern Iraq, as well as part of the Iraqi attempt to repel the Iranian Operation Zafar 7.
 It took place 48 hours after the fall of the town to the Iranian army.
Kurdification is a cultural change in which something ethnically non-Kurdish becomes Kurdish, usually in the context of post-invasion Iraq, in particular in relation to Assyrian Christians, Iraqi Turkmen and Shabak people.
 The Kurdish government defends the alleged Kurdification accusations with the implementation of article 140 of the Iraqi constitution which ensured the restoration of the situation before Saddam Hussein's genocide and Arabisation policies against the Kurdish population during the Al-Anfal Campaign and the Kurdish Feyli genocide.
The Anfal genocide was the Kurdish genocide that killed between 50,000 and 182,000 Kurds committed during the Al-Anfal campaign (Harakat al-Anfal/Homleh al-Anfal) (Kurdish: پڕۆسەی ئەنفال‎ ) (Arabic: حملة الأنفال‎ ‎ ), a campaign against Kurdistan in northern Iraq, led by Ali Hassan al-Majid in the final stages of the Iran–Iraq War.
 The campaign takes its name from Surat al-Anfal in the Qur'an, which was used as a code name by the former Iraqi Baathist government for a series of systematic attacks against the Kurdish fighters in northern Iraq, conducted between 1986 and 1989 and culminating in 1988.
 Sweden, Norway and the United Kingdom officially recognize the Anfal campaign as genocide.
The persecution of the Feyli Kurds, also known as the Feyli Kurdish genocide, was a systematic persecution of Feylis by Saddam Hussein between 1970 and 2003.
 The persecution campaigns led to the expulsion, flight and effective exile of the Feyli Kurds from their ancestral lands in Iraq.
 The persecution began when a large number of Feyli Kurds were exposed to a big campaign by the regime that began by the dissolved RCCR issuance for 666 decision, which deprived Feyli Kurds of Iraqi nationality and considered them as Iranians.
 The systematic executions started in Baghdad and Khanaqin in 1979 and later spread to other Iraqi and Kurdish areas.