Question: Did Twist or The Pastel Journal come out first?

Context articles: Robinson Ekspeditionen 2005
Robinson Ekspeditionen 2009
Gem Twist
Twist (magazine)
The Pastel Journal
Frank Miles
Charles Louis Gratia
Robinson Ekspeditionen 2008
Expedition Robinson 2001
Pastel de choclo

Robinson Ekspeditionen 2005 was the eighth season of the Danish version of the Swedish show Expedition Robinson.
 This season premiered on September 5, 2005 and aired until November 28, 2005.
 This season was the first season to ditch the traditional North verses South team format in favor for one based on the locations of the contestants residences.
 The two teams for the season were København (Copenhagen) and Jylland (Jutland).
 The twists this season began in the first episode when immediately after the contestants arrived the teams were forced to compete in their first immunity challenge.
 Immediately following the immunity challenge, the losing team was asked to vote someone out and Poul Hansen found himself eliminated within an hour of it starting.
 The next twist came shortly after Poul's elimination.
 In a twist that would last til the merge, it was revealed that every few days one person from each team would face off in a duel against a player from the opposing team.
 The winner of said duel would win a spot in the merge and the power to vote to pardon any eliminated player immediately following their elimination at tribal council, while the loser would be eliminated.
 This series of five contestant duels and one team duel would ultimately determine who would make the merge.
 All players who made the merge, with the exception of Ivan who had immunity during the final team duel and Lykke who was pardoned by the winners after initially being voted out, had won a duel.
 Another twist came at the first tribal council when it was revealed that the contestants we each be given a certain number of votes that they could use throughout the season, but whenever they used up all of said votes they would not be given any more.
 In episode three, two jokers, Jesper Lodberg and Morten Aunsborg, were added to the game and unlike in previous seasons, they were allowed to pick which tribe they would compete on in episode four.
 Aside from all of these twists, it was revealed that contestant Nis Staak was the son of Duddie Staack and the brother of Mass Staack from the previous season.
 Eventually, it was Mogens Brandstrup who won the season over Lykke Maigatter and Solveig Zabell in a final challenge.
Robinson Ekspeditionen 2009 was the twelfth season of the Danish version of the Swedish show Expedition Robinson.
 This season premiered on September 31, 2009 and aired until November 23, 2009.
 The main twist this season was that the contestants were to be divided up into tribes based on the results of an IQ test they took before the show.
 The season began with four players exiting in episode 1, only one of which was eliminated.
 The first of these four was Jesper Hansen, who was evacuated due to medical reasons before the tribes were formed.
 Then siblings Michael Kristiansen and Sascha Kristiansen both refused to compete in the first immunity challenge and decided to leave the show shortly after it concluded.
 Beginning with the elimination of Andrew Prasana in episode 3 to the merge, all contestants voted out of the game were sent to "Utopia", where following the merge, they would compete to return to the game.
 In another twist, a joker, Maureen Cruz, entered the game in episode 5 to replace the mole Gerard "Anders" Hansen, who had been ejected from the game in episode 4 as the end of the first part of the mole twist.
 Another twist that took place in episode 5 was that the tribes were shuffled and given new names (Mensirip and Tenga).
 Another twist that took place in episode 5 was that of the replacement mole.
 The producers asked each contestant if they wanted to be the new mole and out of those who said yes the producers chose to make Ditte Jensen the new mole.
 As part of this new twist, only Ditte was allowed to vote at the next tribal council.
 Prior to the merge in episode 7, the remaining twelve contestants took part in a challenge to determine who would make the merge.
 Ultimately, Kim Duelund and Mira Thomsen lost the challenge and were eliminated.
 In episode 8, Ditte, like the first mole Anders, was ejected from the game.
 In episode 9, instead of a tribal council, five of the contestants took place in an elimination challenge.
 Jan Andersem lost the challenge and was eliminated from the game.
 In episode 10, Rasmus had to be evacuated from the game after collapsing from exhaustion.
 Shortly after Jan's evacuation, the remaining contestants took part in an elimination challenge.
 Sandra Adelheid lost the challenge and was eliminated from the game.
 In episode 11, the contestants competed in another elimination challenge.
 Villy Eenberg lost the challenge and was sent to utopia.
 Eileen Pehrsson, who was voted out in the same episode, also was sent to utopia.
 In the final episode of the season, the remaining contestants in utopia took part in a final duel which Villy won.
 The final five then competed in a series of challenges which ultimately led to the elimination of Andrew and Søren Petersen.
 Ultimately, it was Villy Eenberg, who had been eliminated twice throughout the competition, who won the season over Maureen Cruz and Nicolai Karlson by winning the final challenge.
Gem Twist (1979 - November 18, 2006) was a world champion American Thoroughbred show jumping horse registered under the name Icey Twist.
 Bred by equestrian Frank Chapot, Gem Twist had an incredible career at the Grand Prix level.
 The gelding is the only horse to have won the "American Grand Prix Association Horse of the Year" title three times, and is regarded as one of the best show-jumpers in history.
 Two genetic clones of Gem Twist were subsequently foaled after Gem's 2006 death: the first named Gemini, and later a second named Murka's Gem.
Twist is an online teen-focused website and was a monthly print teen magazine.
 The website is owned by, and the print magazine was published, by Bauer Publishing, the United States division of the German firm Bauer Verlagsgruppe.
 The first issue was released in 1997.
The Pastel Journal is a bi-monthly magazine focused on pastel artists and pastel art.
 The magazine was started in 1999.
George Francis "Frank" Miles (22 April 1852 – 15 July 1891) was a London-based British artist who specialised in pastel portraits of society ladies, also an architect and a keen plantsman.
 He was artist in chief to the magazine "Life".
 He contributed text and botanical illustrations to the weekly journal "The Garden" between 1877 and 1887.
Charles Louis Gratia (9 November 1815 – 11 August 1911) was a French painter best known as a pastel artist.
 He became well-known for his portraits during the July Monarchy (1830–48), but after the fall of the monarchy moved to London, England in 1850.
 After struggling at first, since he was foreign and pastel was an unfamiliar medium, he became recognized and made portraits of many prominent people including Queen Victoria.
 He returned to France in 1867, and continued to submit work to the Paris Salon until 1895.
 In his last years he was unable to compete with photography and with the Impressionist painters, and died in poverty.
Robinson Ekspeditionen 2008 (also known as Robinson: Fans vs. Paradise) was the eleventh season of the Danish versions of the Swedish show "Expedition Robinson".
 This season premiered on September 1, 2008 and aired until November 24, 2008.
 The main twist this season was that every contestant was either a fan of Robinson or was a former contestant on the show "Paradise Hotel".
 The fan tribe was called "Tenga", while the Paradise tribe was called "Sembilang".
 There were many additional twists this season, the first taking place in episode 1 when all of the contestants were made to take part in an elimination challenge.
 Mirja Østergaard lost the challenge and was immediately eliminated.
 The next twist took place in episode 2 when Jan Novaa, who had been voted out in episode one, returned to the game.
 The next twist took place in episode 3 when Emil Debski swapped tribes in order to even up the tribe numbers.
 In episode 4 a larger tribal swap took place in which Jan Novaa, Mads Jensen, and Michelle Jensen swapped from the Sembilang tribe to the Tenga tribe and Emil Debski, Hilde Austad, Martin Persson, Chiro "Sido" Kiarie swapped from the Tenga tribe to the Sembilang tribe.
 The next twist came in episode 5 when jokers Laila Neilsen and Nick Zitouni entered the game with Laila joining the Sembilang tribe and Nick joining the Tenga tribe.
 In episode 6 an individual challenge took place in which the winner would be allowed to eliminate a player from the opposing tribe.
 Haider Mohamad won the challenge and chose to eliminate Sheila Nymann.
 Immediately following the merge in episode 7, Haider won the same type of challenge and chose to eliminate Karina Strunge from the game.
 The next twist came in episode 10 when contestant Hilde Austad used the "Talisman" she had to void any votes cast against her in tribal council.
 This led to the elimination of Laila Neilsen who had the second most votes.
 When it came time for the final four, the remaining contestants competed in two challenges.
 The winners of these challenges would earn the right to eliminate one of the losers.
 Emil won the first challenge and chose to eliminate Martin and Daniela won the second challenge and chose to eliminate Emil.
 Ultimately, it was Daniela Hansen from Paradise Hotel 2006 who won the season over Robinson fan Hilde Austad by a tiebreaking cointoss after the jury vote ended in a 4-4 tie.
Expedition Robinson 2001, was the fifth edition of Expedition Robinson, or Survivor as it is referred to in some countries, to air in Sweden, airing in 2001.
 Prior to filming, the public was asked to choose two contestants, from a pool of six, that would join the game as jokers and coaches for their respective teams.
 Following the vote, both Bo Jonsson and Sara Aldrin entered the game.
 The major twist for this season was the tribal swap that took place after the duel in episode three.
 This season also saw the first "pre-first" vote exit which was taken by Maria Kjellström.
 The second twist of the season was introduced when it was time for the jury to vote: each finalist was allowed to pick three of the last nine contestants eliminated to vote for a winner.
 The other three votes would come from the public.
 Ultimately, it was Jan Emanuel Johansson who won the season with a jury vote of 7-2 over Jan Dinkelspiel.
 All three public votes went to Jan Emanuel Johansson.
Pastel de choclo ('corn cake') is a South American dish based on sweetcorn or choclo.
 First documented as a dish in Chile, it is now a typical Argentine, Bolivian,and Peruvian dish.
 It is also similar to pastel de elote, found in Mexican cuisine, and to the English corn pudding.
 The filling usually contains ground beef, chicken, raisins, black olives, onions or slices of hard boiled egg.