Question: Which Presidential Campaign influenced the founding of an American communications consulting firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. ?

Context articles: Rick Davis (politics)
Chip Smith
Joe Lockhart
The Glover Park Group
Stuart Stevens
DCI Group
Johnnie Moore, Jr.
Hope Hicks
Eric Fehrnstrom
XIO Strategies

Richard H. "Rick" Davis, Jr. (born 1957) is an American political consultant.
 He currently serves as a Partner and Chief Operating Officer of Pegasus Sustainable Century Merchant Bank, a private equity firm specializing in sustainable development projects.
 He is a managing partner of the business development and public affairs consulting firm Davis-Manafort, located in Alexandria, Virginia.
 He is best known for being the National Campaign Manager of John McCain's 2008 Presidential campaign (from April 25, 2007 to November 4, 2008).
 In that capacity, he oversaw the development and implementation of all campaign strategy and policy development.
 Davis also served McCain as National Campaign Manager for his 2000 Republican Presidential Primary campaign ( April 6, 1999 to March 9, 2000).
Chip Smith is an American business executive, corporate advisor and political strategist.
 He is an Executive Vice President at 21st Century Fox and was the co-founder of The Glover Park Group.
 He was the chief of staff and deputy campaign manager of Al Gore's 2000 presidential campaign and then in 2001 co-founded The Glover Park Group where he was the CEO until 2016.
 He became the Executive VP of Public Affairs for 21st Century Fox in July 2016.
 He has been featured as an expert by publications, television networks, and broadcast programs including "Anderson Cooper 360°" and Fox News.
Joseph Patrick "Joe" Lockhart (born July 13, 1959) is a spokesman and communications consultant, best known for being the White House Press Secretary from October 5, 1998 to September 29, 2000, during the administration of U.S. President Bill Clinton.
 He worked as press secretary for several Democratic politicians, including Walter Mondale, Paul Simon, and Michael Dukakis; he was an advisor to John Kerry during his 2004 presidential campaign.
 He subsequently founded and became managing director of the communications consulting firm Glover Park Group, a position he held until June 2011, when Facebook recruited him to become its company spokesman.
 In 2013, he rejoined Glover Park Group.
The Glover Park Group is an American communications consulting firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. The company was founded in 2001 by former White House and Democratic campaign officials Carter Eskew, Michael Feldman, Joe Lockhart and Chip Smith.
 The firm is known for its public relations, advertising, opinion research, and lobbying services.
Stuart Stevens is an American travel writer and political consultant.
 He was the cofounder of Washington, D.C. - based political media consultancy Stevens & Schriefer Group (with Russell Schriefer).
 In 2013, he became a founding partner in Strategic Partners & Media, the consulting firm with the best record in statewide races.
 He served as a top strategist for Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign.
DCI Group is an American public relations, lobbying and business consulting firm based in Washington, D.C. The company was founded in 1996 as a consulting firm, and has since expanded its practice to become a public affairs company offering a range of services.
 DCI Group provides communications and advocacy services to clients including large US corporations, trade associations, non-profit organizations, and government organizations including educational institutions.
 Services include communication campaigns to solicit public action on legislative issues, the creation of grass-roots fronts for corporate campaigns,
Rev. Johnnie Moore is an author and the Founder and CEO of The Kairos Company, a public relations and communications consulting firm.
 He has served as an adviser to multiple presidential candidates.
 He was previously Chief of Staff and Vice President of Faith Content for Mark Burnett's United Artists Media Group.
Hope Charlotte Hicks (born October 21, 1988) is an American communications and public relations consultant who is the current White House Communications Director for President Donald Trump.
 From January to September 2017, she served as White House Director of Strategic Communications, a role created for her.
 She previously served as the press secretary and early communications director for Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, as well as the national press secretary for his presidential transition team, and before that was an employee of The Trump Organization.
 She is Trump's longest-serving political aide.
Eric Fehrnstrom is a former journalist and political consultant who was a top aide to 2012 U.S. Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney.
 He is a founder and principal of the Shawmut Group, a Boston-based communications consulting firm.
XIO Strategies (XIO) is a supply chain management and communications consulting firm, headquartered in Vienna, Virginia.
 XIO provides consulting services in areas such as business process analysis, program management, technology deployment, technical writing, systems training and communications program development.
 In January 2011 Cubic Corp. announced plans to purchase XIO Strategies, making the company part of Cubic Global Tracking Solutions, which Cubic formed in 2010 when it acquired Impeva Labs.