Question: Homogentisic Acid  is found in Arbutus unedo , which is also know as what?

Context articles: Medronho
Arbutus unedo
Strawberry tree
Theogallin
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
Cryptandra arbutiflora
Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase
Tyrosinemia type III
Homogentisic acid
Alkaptonuria

The Aguardente de Medronhos is a strong spirit, a traditional fruit brandy from Portugal, obtained from the fruit of the Medronho tree, "Arbutus unedo", also called strawberry tree.
 Medronho trees grow wild on the poor soils in rural regions of Portugal such as Tojeiro and the inner Algarve.
Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree) is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to western France and Ireland.
 Due to its presence in southwest and northwest Ireland, it is known as either "Irish strawberry tree", or cain or cane apple (from the Gaelic name for the tree, "caithne"), or sometimes "Killarney strawberry tree".
Strawberry tree is a common name for "Arbutus unedo", a tree with edible fruits, native to western Europe and the Mediterranean basin, and cultivated in other temperate areas
Theogallin is a trihydroxybenzoic acid glycoside, a type of polyphenolic compound found in tea where it has been characterised as an umami enhancing compound.
 The compound can also be found in "Arbutus unedo" fruits.
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.
 The aromatic side chain of phenylalanine is hydroxylated by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase to form tyrosine.
 The conversion from tyrosine to 4-HPPA is in turn catalyzed by tyrosine aminotransferase.
 Additionally, 4-HPPA can be converted to homogentisic acid which is one of the precursors to ochronotic pigment.
Cryptandra arbutiflora, commonly known as waxy cryptandra, is a shrub species in the Buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae.
 It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia, occurring between the south coast and the Dandaragan area to the north and also near Geraldton.
 It ranges from 0.05 to 1 metre in height and produces cream bell-shaped flowers between May and November.
 The species was first formally described by botanist Eduard Fenzl based on plant material collected by Charles von Hügel from the Swan River area.
 Fenzl's description was published in 1837 in "Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorum et in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hügel" The Latin specific epithet "arbutiflora" alludes to the flowers which are reminiscent of those of "Arbutus unedo", the Irish Strawberry Tree.
Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (homogentisic acid oxidase, homogentisicase) is an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of homogentisate to 4-maleylacetoacetate.
 Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase or HGD is involved in the catabolism of aromatic rings, more specifically in the breakdown of the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine.
 HGD appears in the metabolic pathway of tyrosine and phenylalanine degradation once the molecule homogentisate is produced.
 Homogentisate reacts with HGD to produce maleylacetoacetate, which then is further used in the metabolic pathway.
 HGD requires the use of Fe and O in order to cleave the aromatic ring of homogentisate.
Type III tyrosinemia is a rare disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27 ), encoded by the gene "HPD".
 This enzyme is abundant in the liver, and smaller amounts are found in the kidneys.
 It is one of a series of enzymes needed to break down tyrosine.
 Specifically, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase converts a tyrosine byproduct called 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisic acid.
 Characteristic features of type III tyrosinemia include mild mental retardation, seizures, and periodic loss of balance and coordination (intermittent ataxia).
 Type III tyrosinemia is very rare; only a few cases have been reported.
Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in "Arbutus unedo" (strawberry-tree) honey.
 It is also present in the bacterial plant pathogen "Xanthomonas campestris pv.
 phaseoli" as well as in the yeast "Yarrowia lipolytica" where it is associated with the production of brown pigments.
Alkaptonuria (black urine disease, black bone disease, or alcaptonuria) is a rare inherited genetic disorder in which the body cannot process the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, which occur in protein.
 It is caused by a mutation in the "HGD" gene for the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.5 ); if a person inherits abnormal copies from each parent (it is a recessive condition) the body accumulates an intermediate substance called homogentisic acid in the blood and tissues.
 Homogentisic acid and its oxidized form "alkapton" are excreted in the urine, giving it an unusually dark color.
 The accumulating homogentisic acid causes damage to cartilage (ochronosis, leading to osteoarthritis) and heart valves as well as precipitating as kidney stones and stones in other organs.
 Symptoms usually develop in people over thirty years old, although the dark discoloration of the urine is present from birth.