Question: Christopher Lee Sauvé is a creative director for the company that launched in Paris as a perfumery in what year?

Context articles: Christopher Lee Sauvé
Roger Holzberg
Mal MacDougall
Janet Froelich
Hermès
James J. Cooney
Sephora
Stuart Vevers
Martine Fougeron
Design director

Christopher Lee Sauvé (born August 21, 1979) is a Canadian pop artist.
 He is known for his controversial artwork in which he lampoons and satirizes high profile figures in the fashion industry.
 Sauvé works in the fashion industry in New York City, and acts as a creative director for fashion clients including Diane Von Furstenberg, Alexander Wang, Michael Kors, Dior, Coach, Under Armour, MAC Cosmetics and Sephora.
Roger Holzberg (born 1954) is an American health innovator, creative director, and inventor.
 He is the co-founder and creative director for Reimagine Well, as well as the founder of the organization My Bridge 4 Life.
 He also previously served as the Creative Director (consulting) for the National Cancer Institute.
 Through My Bridge 4 Life, Holzberg provides a wellness network for people facing health crises.
 Holzberg was for twelve years a Vice President / Creative Director at The Walt Disney Company, both at Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Online and at Walt Disney Imagineering, until he left to found My Bridge 4 Life in 2008.
Malcolm “Mal” MacDougall (21 August 1928 – 31 October 2014) was a prominent speechwriter and creative director from the advertising industry.
 He developed several high-profile advertising campaigns in the 1980s and 1990s, including Diet Coke's “Just for the Taste of It,” and successful campaigns for Revlon, Heineken, Titleist, Procter & Gamble, BMW and the State of Israel.
 His campaigns have won more than 100 awards worldwide, including multiple Clios, One Show Awards and Effies.
 He served as president and creative director at Christy MacDougall Mitchell, at Humphrey Browning MacDougall, at Lintas, at Ally & Gargano and at Hill, Holliday.
 Most recently, he was Executive Creative Director with New York-based ad agency Bodden Partners.
Janet Froelich (born 1946, New York, NY) is an American graphic designer and creative director.
 She worked for "The New York Times" for 22 years, serving as creative director for "The New York Times Magazine", as well as "".
 She was creative director at "Real Simple" magazine from 2009-2014.
 She was a designer of "", a feminist journal that was produced from 1977 to 1993 by the New York-based Heresies Collective.
 Froelich was featured in "The Heretics", a film that examines the inside story of the "second wave" of the Women's Movement.
 She received her undergraduate degree from Cooper Union and graduate degree from Yale University.
Hermès International S.A., Hermès of Paris, or simply Hermès (] ; ) is a French high fashion luxury goods manufacturer established in 1837.
 It specializes in leather, lifestyle accessories, home furnishings, perfumery, jewellery, watches and ready-to-wear.
 Its logo, since the 1950s, is of a Duc carriage with horse.
 Nadège Vanhee-Cybulski is the current creative director.
Jim Cooney (born 1958) is a direct marketing and media buying executive with 30 years of local, regional, national and international experience.
 His mentors were direct marketing pioneers Edward Valenti, Barry Becher and Arthur Schiff whom he began working with directly out of college in 1981.
 The trio collaborated on numerous successful marketing campaigns including Armourcote Cookware ($80 million in sales) and the Ginsu Knife ($60 million in sales).
 He began his career as a copywriter working directly under Creative Director Schiff at direct marketing agency Dial Media at age 22 and within 3 years succeeded Schiff as the agency's VP/Creative Director.
 He is a twenty six time ECHO and New England Direct Marketing Association (NEDMA) award-winning copywriter, broadcast producer, creative director, account executive, media planner/buyer, marketing strategist/consultant, and Account Executive/Supervisor.
Sephora first launched in Paris in a partnership between the UK's Boots PLC and Nouvelles Galeries as a perfumery chain in 1970.
 It was purchased by Dominique Mandonnaud in 1993, who merged the purchase with his own perfume chain under the Sephora brand.
 Mandonnaud is credited for founding and implementing Sephora's "assisted self-service," sales experience, which departed from then-typical retail models for cosmetics by encouraging customers to try products in-store before purchasing.
Stuart Vevers is a British fashion designer.
 He graduated from the University of Westminster in 1996.
 His first job was at Calvin Klein, followed by Bottega Veneta, Givenchy and Louis Vuitton, where he worked with Marc Jacobs.
 He joined Mulberry as creative director in 2005 and was instrumental in the company's success, transforming their leather goods into the must-have bags.
 He has also collaborated with Luella Bartley and Designer of the Year, Giles Deacon.
 In 2006, he won the British Fashion Council's Accessory Designer of the Year award.
 In July 2007 it was announced that he had been appointed creative director of Loewe, and, on 25 June 2013, Vevers was announced to be the executive creative director at American label Coach.
Martine Fougeron is a New York-based photographer born in Paris, France in 1954 Fougeron studied at LFNY, l’Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris, Wellesley College and the International Center of Photography.
 She has been living and working in New York since 1996 having turned to photography after a career as a Creative Director of Perfumery where she was the 'nose of the noses' with 20 world-class perfumers.
A Design Director is a position usually found within the advertising, media, automotive or entertainment industries, but may be useful in other creative organizations such as web development and software development firms as well.
 The position has similarities to that of a creative director.
 The design director oversees the design of branding and advertising for a client, ensuring that the new branding and advertising fits in with the client's requirements and the image they wish to promote for their company or product.
 However, unlike a creative director, the design director is not responsible for the overall quality of the final creative work, but merely for the quality of the project's design elements.