Question: What country did the rogue network masterminded by the Pakistani nuclear physicist and a metallurgical engineer, who founded the uranium enrichment program for Pakistan's atomic bomb project, supply with nuclear components?

Context articles: Iran and weapons of mass destruction
Eurodif
Josef Schintlmeister
Robert Döpel
Scomi Precision Engineering nuclear scandal
Helikon vortex separation process
Abdul Qadeer Khan
Igor Kurchatov
Munir Ahmad Khan
William Howard Arnold (physicist)

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is not known to currently possess weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and has signed treaties repudiating the possession of weapons of mass destruction including the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
 Iran has first-hand knowledge of WMD effects—over 100,000 Iranian troops and civilians were victims of chemical weapons during the 1980s Iran–Iraq War.
 On ideological grounds, a public and categorical religious decree ("fatwa") against the development, production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons has been issued by the Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei along with other clerics, though it is approved by some relatively minor clerics.
 Later versions of this fatwa forbid only the "use" of nuclear weapons, but said nothing about their production.
 Iran has stated its uranium enrichment program is exclusively for peaceful purposes.
 The IAEA has confirmed the non-diversion of declared nuclear material in Iran but has also said it "needs to have confidence in the absence of possible military dimensions to Iran’s nuclear program.
Eurodif, which means "European Gaseous Diffusion Uranium Enrichment Consortium", is a subsidiary of the French company AREVA, which operates a uranium enrichment plant established at the Tricastin Nuclear Power Center in Pierrelatte in Drôme.
 The nuclear site of Pierrelatte includes many nuclear installations, of which the largest are the Eurodif fuel factory and the Tricastin nuclear power station.
Josef Schintlmeister (16 June 1908, Radstadt – 14 August 1971, Hinterglemm) was an Austrian-German nuclear physicist and alpinist from Radstadt.
 During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club.
 After World War II, he was sent Russia to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project.
 After he returned to Vienna, he took positions in East Germany.
 He was a professor of physics at the "Technische Hochschule Dresden" as well holding a leading scientific position at the Rossendorf Central Institute for Nuclear Research.
Georg Robert Döpel (3 December 1895 in Neustadt – 2 December 1982 in Ilmenau) was a German experimental nuclear physicist.
 He was a participant in a group known as the "first "Uranverein"", which was spawned by a meeting conducted by the "Reichserziehungsministerium", in April 1939, to discuss the potential of a sustained nuclear reaction.
 He worked under Werner Heisenberg at the University of Leipzig, and he conducted experiments on spherical layers of uranium oxide surrounded by heavy water.
 He was a contributor to the German nuclear energy project (Uranprojekt).
 In 1945, he was sent to Russia to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project.
 He returned to Germany in 1957, and he became professor of applied physics and director of the "Institut für Angewandte Physik" at the "Hochschule für Elektrotechnik", now Technische Universität, in Ilmenau (Thuringia).
Syarikat Scomi Precision Engineering Sdn Bhd (SCOPE) was established under the Scomi group of companies controlled by Kamaluddin Abdullah, a businessman who is the son of former Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.
 On 4 February 2004, the "New York Times" carried a story claiming that SCOPE supplied nuclear components to Libya as part of a rogue network masterminded by Pakistani atomic weapons supremo Dr A. Q. Khan.
 Scomi denied any wrongdoings.
 However, in 2009, the US Department of State announced that sanctions would be imposed on Scomi Chief Executive Officer, Shah Hakim Zain for his involvement in Dr Khan's nuclear-proliferation network.
 Subsequently, following US Govt sanctions on Shah Hakim, he has fought to clear his name in that country and succeeded in 2011.
 The sanctions were lifted by the US State department on Monday, 18 July, and the news was covered in Malaysian papers.
 Shah issued a statement as well, saying: "In reference to the lifting of the sanctions imposed, I am grateful to all who have helped, guided and supported Scomi Group and I for the past few years, in particular to the Government of Malaysia and all the agencies.
 I would like to express my gratitude to the State of Department, United States of America for their assistance and for the lifting of the sanctions."
The Helikon vortex separation process is an aerodynamic uranium enrichment process designed around a device called a vortex tube.
 This method was designed and used in South Africa for producing reactor fuel with a uranium-235 content of around 3–5%, and 80–93% enriched uranium for use in nuclear weapons.
 The Uranium Enrichment Corporation of South Africa, Ltd. (UCOR) developed the process, operating a facility at Pelindaba (known as the 'Y' plant) to produce hundreds of kilograms of HEU.
 Aerodynamic enrichment processes require large amounts of electricity and are not generally considered economically competitive because of high energy consumption and substantial requirements for removal of waste heat.
 The South African enrichment plant has apparently been closed.
Abdul Qadeer Khan, ( ; Urdu: ‎ ; born 27 April 1936), known as A. Q. Khan, is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and a metallurgical engineer, who founded the uranium enrichment program for Pakistan's atomic bomb project.
 Khan founded and established the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) in 1976, serving as both its senior scientist and Director-General until he retired in 2001.
 Khan was also a figure in other Pakistani national science projects, making research contributions to molecular morphology, the physics of martensite alloys, condensed matter physics, and materials physics.
Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov (Russian: И́горь Васи́льевич Курча́тов ; 8(21) January 1903 – 7 February 1960), was a Soviet nuclear physicist who is widely known as the director of the Soviet atomic bomb project.
 Along with Georgy Flyorov and Andrei Sakharov, Kurchatov is widely remembered and dubbed as the "father of the Soviet atomic bomb" and later, "the father of the Soviet Nuclear Missile" for his directorial role in the development of the Soviet nuclear program, in a clandestine program during World War II formed in the wake of the USSR's discovery of the Western Allied efforts to develop nuclear weapons.
 After nine years of covert development, the Soviet Union successfully tested its first nuclear weapon, codenamed "First Lightning" at the Semipalatinsk Test Range in 1949.
 In 1954 he was awarded the USSR State Prize in physics.
Munir Ahmad Khan (Urdu: ‎ ; b. 20 May 1926 – 22 April 1999; ), was a Pakistani nuclear engineer and a nuclear physicist, who served as the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 1972 to 1991.
 He is credited among the persons who are called as "father of the Pakistan's atomic bomb project", for their role in Pakistan's integrated atomic bomb project— the clandestine Cold war program.
 Khan was technical director of the programme to develop nuclear weapons, which led to the Chagai-I nuclear testing in May 1998 in Balochistan.
William Howard Arnold is an American nuclear physicist, with primary areas of expertise in nuclear power, nuclear fuel, and nuclear waste disposal.
 He was president and manager of the first privately owned uranium-enrichment facility in the United States, Louisiana Energy Services.
 He was responsible for reactor physics design of the first series of Westinghouse Corporation commercial nuclear reactors, and served as president of the Nuclear International Division of Westinghouse Corporation.
 He designed nuclear reactor cores for civilian power reactors, for space power and propulsion, and for production of nuclear materials.
 He managed multidisciplinary groups of engineers and scientists working in reactor core design, and led work that promoted the use of centrifuge technology in uranium enrichment.