Question: What type of art started as a flip book in early times but has been used to make films such as "Life is Cool" in 2008?

Context articles: The Invention of Hugo Cabret
Haydar Hatemi
GOSH!
Woman's film
René Clair
P. Venu
Rock music of West Bengal
Korean animation
Stop motion
Life Is Cool (film)

The Invention of Hugo Cabret is an American historical fiction steampunk book written and illustrated by Brian Selznick and published by Scholastic.
 The hardcover edition was released on January 30, 2007, and the paperback edition was released on June 2, 2008.
 With 284 pictures between the book's 533 pages, the book depends as much on its pictures as it does on the words.
 Selznick himself has described the book as "not exactly a novel, not quite a picture book, not really a graphic novel, or a flip book or a movie, but a combination of all these things".
 The book won the 2008 Caldecott Medal, the first novel to do so, as the Caldecott Medal is for picture books.
Haydar Hatemi (born March 3, 1945 in Hadishahr) is an Iranian of Iranian Azerbaijani origin.
 artist whose work is based on blends of classical oriental styles such as miniature and tazhib, with some modern elements.
 His early studies in art started at Tabriz's Art Academy after finishing high school in Tabriz, Iran.
GOSH!
 magazine was a Los Angeles-based arts, entertainment, and fashion magazine published in eleven issues between October, 1978 and August, 1979.
 In its short history it became notable enough to be recognized by the Smithsonian Institution and included in their archives.
 In addition, GOSH!
 articles written by Dennis Cooper have been archived as part of the Dennis Cooper Papers in the Fales Library and Special Collections of New York University.
 It was distributed free of charge in art galleries, alternative bookstores and music shops in the Los Angeles area.
 Articles ranged from interviews with experimental filmmakers like George Kuchar, Sara Kathryn Arledge, and Ted V. Mikels; influential radio announcers like Rodney Bingenheimer; to reviews of art exhibits, like Susan Greiger's (now Susan Singer) controversial show at Aarnun gallery featuring life-sized nude photos arranged in a flip book and an exhibit about how celebrities and common folk relate to their own noses.
The woman's film is a film genre which includes women-centered narratives, female protagonists and is designed to appeal to a female audience.
 Woman's films usually portray "women's concerns" such as problems revolving around domestic life, the family, motherhood, self-sacrifice, and romance.
 These films were produced from the silent era through the 1950s and early 1960s, but were most popular in the 1930s and 1940s, reaching their zenith during World War II.
 Although Hollywood continued to make films characterized by some of the elements of the traditional woman's film in the second half of the 20th century, the term itself disappeared in the 1960s.
 The work of directors George Cukor, Douglas Sirk, Max Ophüls, and Josef von Sternberg has been associated with the woman's film genre.
 Joan Crawford, Bette Davis, and Barbara Stanwyck were some of the genre's most prolific stars.
René Clair (11 November 1898 – 15 March 1981) born René-Lucien Chomette, was a French filmmaker and writer.
 He first established his reputation in the 1920s as a director of silent films in which comedy was often mingled with fantasy.
 He went on to make some of the most innovative early sound films in France, before going abroad to work in the UK and USA for more than a decade.
 Returning to France after World War II, he continued to make films that were characterised by their elegance and wit, often presenting a nostalgic view of French life in earlier years.
 He was elected to the Académie française in 1960.
 Clair's best known films include "The Italian Straw Hat" (1928), "Under the Roofs of Paris" (1930), "Le Million" (1931), "À nous la liberté" (1931), "I Married a Witch" (1942), and "And Then There Were None" (1945).
P. Venu (Malayalam: പി.
 വേണു , 8 November 1940 – 25 May 2011) was an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter with over 20 films to his credit.
 His directorial venture "Udhyogastha" in 1967 was the first ever multi-starrer film of South India.
 His work in Malayalam cinema was significant and most influential, covering all themes and genres over a career spanning 40 years.
 One of his most recognized film "C.I.D. Nazir" in 1971, revolutionized movie-making in the investigative genre in Malayalam cinema.
 Following the commercial and critical success of this film, he came up with two more in the series - "Taxi Car" in 1972 and Prethangalude Thazhvara in 1973, which were recognized as the first investigative sequels in the history of Malayalam cinema.
 From the late 60s to the 90s he continued to make films and then decided to take a break to devote more time to his family.
 His last film "Parinamam (The Change)" in 2003 won an honour for Malayalam cinema, winning the Best Screenplay Award at Ashdod International Film Festival held in Israel.
 In 2005 he was bestowed with the "Kala Prathiba" (Icon of Creative Arts) Award by the Kerala Film Critics Association for his immense contributions to Malayalam cinema.
 He was also an active member of "MACTA" (Malayalam Cine Technicians Association).
 He published his book titled "Udyogastha Muthal" (meaning ‘From Udyogastha Onwards’) in 2010 reminiscing his life as a filmmaker and his experiences in the film industry.
Rock music of West Bengal originated in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
 The first known Bengali rock band, and India's first rock band, was Moheener Ghoraguli.
 In modern times, in this type of music distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, and drums are used, sometimes accompanied with pianos and keyboards.
 In early times the instruments used in modern times were also accompanied by saxophone, flute, violin and bass violin.
The art of Korean animation (Korean: 한국 애니메이션 ), or Aeni (Korean: 한국 애니 ) has gone from hand-held flip books in early times to studios that produce work for major American and Japanese animation companies.
Stop motion (hyphenated stop-motion when used as an adjective) is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object so that it appears to move on its own.
 The object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a fast sequence.
 Dolls with movable joints or clay figures are often used in stop motion for their ease of repositioning.
 Stop motion animation using plasticine is called clay animation or "clay-mation".
 Not all stop motion requires figures or models; many stop motion films can involve using humans, household appliances and other things for comedic effect.
 Stop motion can also use sequential drawing in a similar manner to traditional animation, such as a flip book.
 Stop motion using humans is sometimes referred to as pixilation or pixilate animation.
Life Is Cool (Korean: 그녀는 예뻤다 ; rr: "Geunyeoneun Yeppeotda"; lit.
 "She Was Beautiful") is a 2008 South Korean romance animated film, and is the first rotoscoped film from that country.
 This film's visual style was influenced from Richard Linklater's two films, "Waking Life" (2001) and "A Scanner Darkly" (2006).