Question: he term Jew passed into the English language from the Greek "Ioudaios" and Latin "Iudaeus", from which the Old French "giu" was derived after dropping the letter "d", and later after a variety of forms found in early English, that later developed into the English word “Jew.”, and it ultimately originates in the Biblical Hebrew word "Yehudi" meaning "from the Tribe of Judah", which is one of how many, of the Tribes of Israel?

Context articles: Avda (given name)
Tzedakah
Christine (name)
Shva
Tetragrammaton
Jew (word)
Jean (male given name)
Goy
Tribe of Judah
Bible version debate

Avda (Russian: А́вда ) is an old and rare Russian Christian male first name.
 It is possibly derived from either the Biblical Hebrew word "abdā", meaning "(god's) slave", "(god's) servant", or the Greek word "audē", meaning "speech", "prophecy".
Tzedakah ] or Ṣ'daqah ] in Classical Hebrew (Hebrew: צדקה‎ ; Arabic: صدقة‎ ‎ ), is a Hebrew word literally meaning justice or righteousness but commonly used to signify "charity", though it is a different concept from charity because tzedakah is an obligation and charity is typically understood as a spontaneous act of goodwill and a marker of generosity.
 It is based on the Hebrew word (צדק, "Tzedek") meaning "righteousness", "fairness" or "justice", and it is related to the Hebrew word Tzadik meaning "righteous" as an adjective (or "righteous individual" as a noun in the form of a substantive).
 In Judaism, "tzedakah" refers to the religious obligation to do what is right and just, which Judaism emphasises are important parts of living a spiritual life.
 Maimonides says that, while the second highest form of "tzedakah" is to give donations anonymously to unknown recipients, the highest form is to give a gift, loan, or partnership that will result in the recipient supporting himself instead of living upon others.
 Unlike philanthropy or charity, which is completely voluntary, "tzedakah" is seen as a religious obligation, which must be performed regardless of financial standing, and must even be performed by poor people.
 "Tzedakah" is considered to be one of the three main acts that can annul a less than favorable heavenly decree.
 The term is synonymous with Sadaqah or Saddka (Arabic: صدقة ), an Islamic term meaning "voluntary charity".
Christine is mainly a feminine name of Greek or Egyptian origin, although it is also rarely used for males.
 It is derived from the word Christ, which derives from the Koine Greek word "Christós", ultimately derived from the Egyptian "kheru", "word" or "voice", used to replace the Biblical Hebrew term מָשִׁיחַ , "māšîaḥ", "anointed".
 It is a name in regular usage in French, English, German, Scandinavian, Dutch, Irish, and Scottish cultures, and it is often associated with the meaning "follower of Christ."
 Other ways to say Christine are "Christina", "Kristina", "Kristine", "Kristen", "Kirsten", "Hristina", "Cristina" (most used in Portugal, Spain and Latin American countries), etc.
 In Estonia and Finland, the cognate is "Kristiina".
 It is a popular name; for example, in 1968, it was the 14th most frequently-given name for girls in the United States.
 The name Christine can be shortened to Chris or Chrissy (Crissy).
Shva or, in Biblical Hebrew, shĕwa (Hebrew: שְׁוָא‎ ) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign written as two vertical dots (ְ  ) beneath a letter.
 In Modern Hebrew, it indicates either the phoneme /e/ or the complete absence of a vowel (Ø), whereas in Hebrew prescriptive linguistics, six grammatical entities are differentiated: the resting "Shva" ("naḥ" / ), such as in the words and ; the mobile "Shva" ("naʿ" / ), such as the "Shva" which appears at the beginning of words, which renders the vowel a mobile vowel, as in the Hebrew word "floating" ("meraḥef" / ), or as in ("lefanai") or ("shemaʿ") ; or whenever a diacritical vertical line known as a "Ga'ya" / (lit.
 "bleating" or "bellowing") appears next to a "Shva".
 For example, in the words , the "Shva" beneath the Hebrew character "mim" becomes a mobile "Shva" because of the "Ga'ya" (small vertical line) beneath the Hebrew character "he".
 In all these cases the "Shva" gives an audible sound to the letter, as in a short "a" or short "e", and is not mute.
 Likewise, whenever a "Shva" appears in the middle of a word and the letter has a diacritical point within it ("dagesh"), as in the "pe" of , or in the "qoph" of , they too will become a mobile "Shva" ("na" / ), as will a word that has two "Shva"s written one after the other, as in the word , or in the word , etc. the first "Shva" is resting (mute), while the second "Shva" is a mobile "Shva".
 Another instance of where the "Shva" becomes mobile is when it comes directly after a long vowel sound, such as the long vowel of either "yod" or "ḥiríq", as in , giving it the sound of "yeḥīdhkha", etc., or as in the long vowel of "waw" or "ḥolam", as in the words , and , etc. ("hōlkhīm", "yōdʻīm" and "mōkhrīm"), or as in the verse , ""shōfəṭīm wa-shōṭərīm titen ləkha.""
The tetragrammaton ( ; from Greek Τετραγράμματον , meaning "[consisting of] four letters"), in Hebrew and YHWH in Latin script, is the four-letter Biblical name of the God of Israel.
 The books of the Torah and the rest of the Hebrew Bible (with the exception of Esther, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs) contain the Hebrew word .
 Religiously observant Jews and those who follow conservative Jewish traditions do not pronounce , nor do they read aloud transliterated forms such as "Yahweh"; instead the word is substituted with a different term, whether used to address or to refer to the God of Israel.
 Common substitutions for Hebrew forms are "hakadosh baruch hu" ("The Holy One, Blessed Be He"), Adonai ("The Lord"), or "HaShem" ("The Name").
The term Jew passed into the English language from the Greek "Ioudaios" and Latin "Iudaeus", from which the Old French "giu" was derived after dropping the letter "d", and later after a variety of forms found in early English (from about the year 1000) such as: Iudea, Gyu, Giu, Iuu, Iuw, Iew developed into the English word “Jew.”
 It thus ultimately originates in the Biblical Hebrew word "Yehudi" meaning "from the Tribe of Judah", "from the Kingdom of Judah", or "Jew".
 The Jewish ethnonym in Hebrew is , "Yehudim" (plural of , "Yehudi").
On the European continent and in all French-speaking countries, Jean, pronounced ] , is a male name derived from the Old French "Jehan".
 The female equivalent is Jeanne, pronounced ] , and derives from the Old French "Jehanne".
 Both names derive from the Latin name Johannes, itself from the Koine Greek name Ιωαννης "Ioannes", the name used for various New Testament characters, most notably John the Baptist.
 The Greek name ultimately derive from the Biblical Hebrew name Yochanan, meaning "YHWH/The Lord is Gracious".
Goy ( , Hebrew: גוי‎ ‎ , regular plural goyim , גוים or גויים ) is the standard Hebrew biblical term for a nation.
 The word "nation" has been the common translation of the Hebrew "goy" or "ethnos" in the Septuagint, from the earliest English language bibles such as the 1611 King James Version and the 1530 Tyndale Bible, following the Latin Vulgate which used both "gentile" (and cognates) and "nationes".
 The term "nation" did not have the same political connotations it entails today.
 The word "Gentile" is a synonym for the Hebrew word "Nokri" (Hebrew: נָכְרִי‎ ‎ ) which signifies "stranger" or "non-Jew".
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tribe of Judah () was one of the twelve Tribes of Israel.
There have been various debates concerning the proper family of biblical manuscripts and translation techniques that should be used to translate the Bible into other languages.
 Biblical translation has been employed since the first translations were made from the Hebrew Bible (Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic) into Greek (see Septuagint) and Aramaic (see Targum).
 Until the late Middle Ages, the Western Church used the Latin Vulgate almost entirely while the Eastern Church, centered in Constantinople, mostly used the Greek Byzantine text.
 Beginning with the 14th century, there have been increasing numbers of vernacular translations into various languages.
 With the development of modern printing techniques, these increased enormously.
 The English King James Version or "Authorized Version", published in 1611, has been one of the most debated English versions.
 Many supporters of the King James Version are disappointed with the departure from this translation to newer translations that use the Critical Text instead of the Byzantine text as the base text.
 There have also been debates regarding the benefits of formal translations over dynamic equivalence translations.
 Supporters of formal translation such as the King James Version criticize translations that use dynamic equivalence because the accuracy is compromised because this technique tends to reword the meaning of the text instead of translating it accurately in a word for word fashion.
 Additionally, these supporters are critical of translations using the critical text because they believe that biblical text has been deliberately deleted from the original autographs.
 Debates of this type involve theological concepts as well as translation techniques which are outlined in the process of textual criticism.