Question: Sherlock Holmes miraculously survives a deadly fight with an opponent based on what real-life criminal?

Context articles: The Adventure of the Empty House
Victorian Undead
His Last Bow
Professor Moriarty
The Adventure of the Gloria Scott
List of Sherlock Holmes episodes
Gaslight series
Sherlock Holmes (2010 film)
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (series)
Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace

"The Adventure of the Empty House", one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle collected as "The Return of Sherlock Holmes".
 Public pressure forced Conan Doyle to bring the sleuth back to life, and explain his apparently miraculous survival of a deadly struggle with Professor Moriarty.
 Doyle ranked "The Adventure of the Empty House" sixth in his list of his twelve favorite Holmes stories.
Victorian Undead is a series of comics about Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson dealing with the supernatural.
 The first series "Victorian Undead: Sherlock Holmes vs. Zombies" is a six-issue American comic book limited series published by Wildstorm.
 The series was written by Ian Edginton, with art by Davide Fabbri.
 The story is set in Victorian England and follows Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson in the midst of a zombie outbreak.
 It was followed by "Victorian Undead Special: Sherlock Holmes vs. Jekyll/Hyde" (one issue) and a second series "Victorian Undead: Sherlock Holmes vs. Dracula" (five issues), which sees Holmes and Watson helping to track down the title character (Count Dracula) before he kills Queen Victoria.
His Last Bow: Some Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of previously published Sherlock Holmes stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, including the titular short story, "His Last Bow.
 The War Service of Sherlock Holmes" (1917).
 The collection's first US edition adjusts the anthology's subtitle to "Some Later Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes".
 All editions contain a brief preface, by "John H. Watson, M.D.", that assures readers that as of the date of publication (1917), Holmes is long retired from his profession of detective but is still alive and well, albeit suffering from a touch of rheumatism.
Professor James Moriarty is a fictional character and the main antagonist in some of the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
 Moriarty is a criminal mastermind whom Holmes describes as the "Napoleon of crime".
 Doyle lifted the phrase from a Scotland Yard inspector who was referring to Adam Worth, a real-life criminal mastermind and one of the individuals upon whom the character of Moriarty was based.
 The character was introduced primarily as a narrative device to enable Doyle to kill Sherlock Holmes, and only featured in two of the Sherlock Holmes stories.
 However, in many adaptations, he has been given a greater prominence and treated as Holmes' archenemy.
The “Gloria Scott”, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the cycle collected as "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes".
 It is chronologically the earliest case in Sherlock Holmes canon.
 This story is related mainly by Holmes rather than Watson, and is the first case to which Holmes applied his powers of deduction, having treated it as a mere hobby until this time.
 This is one of the two Sherlock Holmes stories in which a protagonist is haunted by an old acquaintance for an old crime.
 The other is "The Boscombe Valley Mystery."
"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" (1984–1985), "The Return of Sherlock Holmes" (1986–1988), "The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes" (1991–1993) and "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes" (1994), collectively known as "Sherlock Holmes", are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom.
 The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke (in the "Adventures" series) and Edward Hardwicke ("Return", "Case-Book", "Memoirs") as Dr. Watson.
The Gaslight series is a set of three anthologies of short fiction combining the character of Sherlock Holmes with elements of fantasy, horror, adventure and supernatural fiction.
 It consists of "Gaslight Grimoire: Fantastic Tales of Sherlock Holmes" (2008), "Gaslight Grotesque: Nightmare Tales of Sherlock Holmes" (2009) and "Gaslight Arcanum: Uncanny Tales of Sherlock Holmes" (2011).
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes, also known simply as Sherlock Holmes, is a British-American 2010 steampunk mystery film directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg and produced by independent American film studio The Asylum.
 It features the Sherlock Holmes characters created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, though it follows an original plot.
 The film details an unrecorded case in which eccentric detective Holmes and his companion Dr. Watson investigate a series of unusual monster attacks and a plot to destroy London.
 Gareth David-Lloyd plays Dr. John Watson and Ben Syder, making his film debut, plays Sherlock Holmes.
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is a series of award-winning adventure games developed by Frogwares.
 The game is based on Arthur Conan Doyle's famous work "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes", featuring the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his companion Dr. John H. Watson.
 While the franchise is based on "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes", each game has an original plot and storyline.
Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (German: Sherlock Holmes und das Halsband des Todes) is a 1962 black-and-white film directed by Terence Fisher.
 It was a West German-French-Italian international co-production.
 The film starred Christopher Lee as Sherlock Holmes and Thorley Walters as Dr. Watson.
 Curt Siodmak wrote the screenplay, based on characters created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.