Question: Which is a higher level city, Yuxi or Lufeng, Guangdong?

Context articles: Northbound interface
National Institute for Higher Education
Lufeng, Guangdong
Faculty of Biotechnical Sciences
Twinking
Cache inclusion policy
Language education in Singapore
Yuxi
United States v. City of Portland
Value chain management capability

In computer networking and computer architecture, a northbound interface of a component is an interface that conceptualizes the lower level details (e.g., data or functions) used by, or in, the component.
 A northbound interface is used to interface with higher level layers using the southbound interface of the higher level component(s).
 In architectural overviews, the northbound interface is normally drawn at the top of the component it is defined in, hence the name northbound interface.
A National Institute for Higher Education (NIHE) (Irish: "Foras Náisiúnta um Ard-Oideachas" ) was a category of higher education institution established in Ireland to provide higher level technical education above the standard of the then established Regional Technical College system but at university level.
 Higher level technical education in Ireland was seen to be an area that was poorly served until the advent of these institutions.
Lufeng, formerly romanized as Lukfung, is a county-level city in Guangdong, China, administered as a part of the prefecture-level city of Shanwei.
 It lies on the mainland on coast of the South China Sea east of Hong Kong.
The Faculty of Biotechnical Sciences is a public state higher education research institution in the area of biotechnical sciences.
 The main task of this institution is to enable the graduated students with knowledge and skills for individual managing of small family business in the area of biotechnology.
 This Faculty is the only one of its kind in the country and has characteristic study programs.
 Starting for the year 1999/2000 by virtue of the Decision of the Ministry of Education (ref.
 12-2920/2-1999), the Higher Agricultural School had grown into a Faculty of Biotechnical Sciences.
 Within the ten years of functioning, the Faculty has educated many engineers (bachelor) and masters who are included in the food production industry.
 Formally, the Faculty of Biotechnical Sciences is a higher level of the Higher Agricultural School dating back from 1960.
 The launching of such higher educational institution signified filling a gap of many decades in the higher education system of biotechnical sciences and educating staff for the food production capacities.
 The higher education activities of the Faculty of Biotechnical Sciences are organized on different levels of higher education: graduate studies, postgraduate studies and acquiring level of doctor of science, as well as many fundamental, developmental and applicative researches, conducting complex research projects of wider interest for the environment, courses, seminars, workshop for the staff and the students.
 The graduate studies of the three study programs (animal food processing, management in bio-technique and farm production) are realized in accordance with the ECTS system and adjustment of the study programs with the legal regulations.
 The teaching activities of these study programs are organized in eight semesters (four years) for the first two and six semesters (three years) for the last study program.
 Teaching is realized as: lectures, tutorials – seminars, seminar papers and obligative practical training.
 Postgraduate studies are realized as: lectures, exams and other form of teaching activities.
 After preparation and defending of the master thesis, the postgraduate students acquire the title of Master of Biotechnical Sciences.
 The title Doctor of Biotechnical Sciences is acquired after completing doctoral studies and defending doctoral dissertation or only by defending the doctoral dissertation.
Twinking is a type of behavior in role-playing video games.
 A player who engages in such behavior is known as a twink.
 The precise definition of twinking varies depending on the variety of role-playing game.
 In "pen and paper" role-playing games, a twink is often synonymous with a munchkin.
 In MUDs, a twink is a player who is variously anything from a munchkin to a newbie to a griefer.
 In MMORPGs, twinking refers to a character gaining equipment with the assistance of a higher level character, particularly by giving said low level character higher level equipment that is otherwise unattainable, or the process of keeping a video game character at a low level while using in-game currency, earned by a high level character, to provide it with superior equipment.
Multi-level caches can be designed in various ways depending on whether the content of one cache is present in other level of caches.
 If all blocks in the higher level cache are also present in the lower level cache, then the lower level cache is said to be inclusive of the higher level cache.
 If the lower level cache contains blocks that are not present in the higher level cache, then the lower level cache is said to be exclusive of the higher level cache.
 If the contents of the lower level cache are neither strictly inclusive nor exclusive of the higher level cache, then it is called non-inclusive non-exclusive (NINE) cache.
Singapore embraces an English-based bilingual education system.
 Students are taught subject-matter curriculum with English as the medium of instruction, while the official mother tongue of each student - Mandarin Chinese for Chinese, Malay for Malays and Tamil for ethnically Tamil Indians – is taught as a second language.
 Additionally, Higher Mother Tongue (HMT) is offered as an additional and optional examinable subject to those with the interest and ability to handle the higher standards demanded by HMT.
 The content taught to students in HMT is of a higher level of difficulty and is more in-depth so as to help students achieve a higher proficiency in their respective mother tongues.
 The choice to take up HMT is offered to students in the Primary and Secondary level.
 Thereafter, in junior colleges, students who took HMT at the secondary level have the choice to opt out of mother tongue classes entirely.
 Campaigns by the government to encourage the use of official languages instead of home languages (e.g. other Chinese varieties) have been largely successful, although English seems to be becoming the dominant language in most homes.
 To date, many campaigns and programmes have been launched to promote the learning and use of mother tongue languages in Singapore.
Yuxi () is a prefecture-level city in the Yunnan province of the People's Republic of China.
 The administrative center of Yuxi is Hongta District.
 Yuxi is approximately 90 km south of Kunming.
On December 17, 2012, the United States of America filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, against the City of Portland, alleging improper use-of-force by the Portland Police Bureau against members of a protected class.
 The U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Oregon and the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, sought injunctive and declaratory relief.
 Based on findings of more than a year of investigation, the complaint alleged Portland police officers engaged in a pattern or practice of unconstitutional use of force against individuals with actual or perceived mental illness.
 Specifically, the DOJ claimed: (1) Portland police encounters with such individuals too frequently resulted in a higher level force than necessary; (2) Portland police employed Tasers more times than necessary on such individuals, or in circumstances where such force was not justified; and (3) Portland police used a higher degree of force than justified for low level offenses.
Value chain management capability refers to an organisation’s capacity to manage the internationally dispersed activities and partners that are part of its value chain.
 Value chain management capability is a higher level capability that draws together a variety of lower level capabilities.
 Each of the lower level capabilities are valuable and necessary as such, and they come together to form a higher level capability that enables a more holistic approach to management of international value chains.