Question: Does Lüliang or Fuxin have a larger population?

Context articles: Founder effect
Food Race
Walpole (CDP), Massachusetts
Fuxin
Statistical inference
Riverview, New Brunswick
Câmara de Lobos
City of Brisbane
Shia Muslims in the Arab world
Lüliang

In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
 It was first fully outlined by Ernst Mayr in 1942, using existing theoretical work by those such as Sewall Wright.
 As a result of the loss of genetic variation, the new population may be distinctively different, both genotypically and phenotypically, from the parent population from which it is derived.
 In extreme cases, the founder effect is thought to lead to the speciation and subsequent evolution of new species.
American environmental author Daniel Quinn coined the term Food Race (by analogy to the Cold War's "nuclear arms race") to describe an understanding of the current overpopulation emergency as a perpetually escalating crisis between growing human population and growing food production, fueled by the latter.
 Quinn argues that as the worldwide human population increases, the typical international response is to more intensely produce and distribute food to feed these greater numbers of people.
 However, assuming that population increases according to increased food availability, Quinn argues that this response only ends up leading to an even larger population and thus greater starvation in the end.
 Therefore, Quinn's clear solution to the Food Race — to stop producing so much food — is not generally a common-sense or intuitive response; instead, it derives from seemingly counter-intuitive or "outside-the-box" thinking.
Walpole is a small census-designated place (CDP) located within the much larger town (21 square miles in size) of Walpole in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States.
 Walpole Town as it is called by the US Census Bureau, also includes a much larger population (24,070 in 2010).
 The population of the Census Designated Place was 5,918 at the 2010 census.
Fuxin () is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China.
 The total population of the prefecture at the 2010 census is 1,819,339, of whom 669,317 are resident in the built up area, which comprises four urban districts, collectively known as 'Fuxin City'.
Statistical inference is the process of deducing properties of an underlying probability distribution by analysis of data.
 Inferential statistical analysis infers properties about a population: this includes testing hypotheses and deriving estimates.
 The population is assumed to be larger than the observed data set; in other words, the observed data is assumed to be sampled from a larger population.
Riverview is a Canadian town in Albert County, New Brunswick, Canada.
 Riverview is located on the south side of the Petitcodiac River, across from the larger cities of Moncton and Dieppe.
 Riverview has an area of 34 km2 , and a population density of 564.6 PD/km2 .
 Riverview's slogan is "A Great Place To Grow".
 With a population of 19,667, Riverview is the fifth largest municipality in New Brunswick, having a larger population than the cities of Edmundston, Bathurst, Campbellton, and Miramichi, despite its designation of "town".
Câmara de Lobos (] ; literally, Portuguese: "chamber of the sealions" ) is a municipality, parish and town in the south-central coast of the island of Madeira.
 Technically a suburb of the much larger capital city of Funchal, it is one of the larger population centres and an extension of the Funchal economy.
The City of Brisbane is a local government area that has jurisdiction over the inner portion of the metropolitan area of Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, Australia.
 Brisbane is located in the county of Stanley and is the largest city followed by Ipswich with bounds in part of the county.
 Unlike LGAs in the other mainland state capitals (Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and Adelaide), which are generally responsible only for the central business districts and inner neighbourhoods of those cities, the City of Brisbane administers a significant portion of the Brisbane metropolitan area, serving almost half of the population of the Brisbane Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA, formerly statistical division).
 As such, it has a larger population than any other local government area in Australia.
 The City of Brisbane was the first Australian LGA to reach a population of more than one million.
 Its population is roughly equivalent to the populations of Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory combined.
 In 2016-2017, the council administers a budget of over $3 billion.
Islam is historically divided into two major sects, Sunni and Shia Islam, each with its own sub-sects.
 Large numbers of Shia Arab Muslims live in some Arab countries including Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, the UAE, and Qatar.
 Shia Muslims are a numerical majority in Iraq and Bahrain.
 Approximately half of the population in Yemen are Shia Muslims.
 Exactly half of Muslims in Lebanon are Shia Muslims.
 There is also a very large population of Shia Muslims living in the Arab Persian Gulf countries especially in Saudi Arabia.
 Approximately the whole population of East Saudi Arabia, the Eastern Province are Shia Muslims.
 Although government statistics claim that roughly only 20-40% of the Muslim population are Shia Muslims, there has been dispute to the authenticity of this figure and recent reports and investigations indicate that there is in fact a much larger population of Shia Muslims present, with estimate figures over 45% or even making the majority of Muslim population.
 Saudi Arabia follows a strict recently established sect of Islam, Wahhabism, there is little freedom of religion between the different sects even whilst all of the population are Muslims.
 Smaller Shia groups are present in Egypt and Jordan.
 Despite the heavy presence of Shia Muslims in some Arab countries, particularly among the population of the Persian Gulf Arab countries, they have been treated poorly throughout history.
 Additionally, in recent times, Shia Muslims along with Kurds have faced genocide by the pan-Arabist regime of Saddam Hussein.
 For both historical and political reasons, the Shia have fared rather poorly in much of the Arab world, and the topic of Shi‘ism and Shia groups is one of the most sensitive issues for the Sunni elite.
 This article discusses both the history of Shī‘a Islam in the Arab world from the dawn of Islam and their current situation in the Arabic-speaking world.
Lüliang or Lyuliang () is a prefecture-level city in the west of Shanxi province, People's Republic of China, bordering Shaanxi province across the Yellow River to the west, Jinzhong and the provincial capital of Taiyuan to the east, Linfen to the south, and Xinzhou to the north.
 It has a total area of 21143 km2 and total population of 3,727,057.
 The metro area of Lüliang has a population of 320,142 at the 2010 census.