Question: Do the bands, Gumball and Kings of Convenience, come from two different countries?

Context articles: Fragmentation (economics)
Double degree
Maria Beasley
Gumball (band)
Electronic data interchange
European Qualifications Framework
Kings of Convenience
MG15 (band)
Peter Martin Anker (diplomat)
Comparative research

In economics, fragmentation means organization of production in which different stages of production are divided among different suppliers that are located in different countries.
 Now products traded between firms in different countries are components instead of final products.
 Final products may be sold to outside the region in which fragmentation happens (East Asian countries often sell their final products to Europe and the USA for example).
 Producers in less developed countries get positions of production chain that add less value to final product.
 Their challenge is to "climb upwards" on transnational production chain.
 Production chains are often vertical hierarchies in which big multinational companies may be those who sell final products and set production standards for "lesser" producers.
 This kind of fragmentation is an important part of contemporary globalisation.
A double degree program, sometimes called a dual degree, combined degree, conjoint degree, joint degree, simultaneous degree or double graduation program, involves a student's working for two different university degrees in parallel, either at the same institution or at different institutions (sometimes in different countries), completing them in less time than it would take to earn them separately.
 The two degrees might be in the same subject area (especially when the course is split between countries), or in two different subjects.
Maria E. Beasley ("neé" Kenny) was born in Philadelphia.
 She was an entrepreneur and inventor.
 Overall, she held fourteen different patents in two different countries.
Gumball was an American rock band formed in New York City in 1990.
 The original lineup consisted of Don Fleming (vocals and guitar), Eric Vermillion (vocals, bass), and Jay Spiegel (drums).
 In 1992, a fourth member was added, Malcolm Riviera (guitar, keyboards) who had previously played with Fleming and Spiegel in the Velvet Monkeys.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) is an electronic communication method that provides standards for exchanging data via any electronic means.
 By adhering to the same standard, two different companies or organizations, even in two different countries, can electronically exchange documents (such as purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices, and many others).
 EDI has existed for more than 30 years, and there are many EDI standards (including X12, EDIFACT, ODETTE, etc.), some of which address the needs of specific industries or regions.
 It also refers specifically to a family of standards.
The European Qualifications Framework (EQF) acts as a translation device to make national qualifications more readable across Europe, promoting workers' and learners' mobility between countries and facilitating their lifelong learning.
 The EQF aims to relate different countries' national qualifications systems to a common European reference framework.
 Individuals and employers will be able to use the EQF to better understand and compare the qualifications levels of different countries and different education and training systems.
 Since 2012, all new qualifications issued in Europe carry a reference to an appropriate EQF level.
Kings of Convenience is an indie folk-pop duo from Bergen, Norway.
 Consisting of Erlend Øye and Eirik Glambek Bøe, the musical group is known for their delicate tunes, calming voices, and intricate and subtle guitar melodies.
 One can also hear some Bossa Nova influence.
 Øye and Bøe both compose and sing the songs.
MG15 are a Spanish d-beat band formed in 1980, but they used the name Slips & Sperma until 1983.
 MG15's contacts with bands & zines from many different countries helped MG15 establish a connection worldwide.
 The subject matter is similar to Discharge, in that the songs' themes are primarily on war & genocides .
 Like other bands at the time they leaned towards anarchism.
 In 1984 they recorded their first single, "Derecho a la vida".
 The single was recorded on an Italian label & distributed in foreign countries since their music was much harder than other Spanish bands at the time.
 The following year they were interviewed on Maximum RocknRoll which helped boost their fan base in Europe, as well as North America, South America, & Australia.
 The interview helped them become Spanish representatives on a worldwide punk compilation, with groups from 25 other countries.
 In 1988 they recorded "Holy Earth", their second single, a limited edition of 330 which included two songs sung in English.
Peter Martin Anker (21 March 1903 – 7 January 1977) was a Norwegian diplomat.
 He worked for the League of Nations, Red Cross and United Nations before, during and after the Second World War.
 He was then an ambassador in different European, Asian and African countries from 1951 to 1973.
 He was stationed in six different countries, but with side responsibilities for other countries, he was an ambassador in fifteen different countries during his career (with Austria counted twice).
Comparative research is a research methodology in the social sciences that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures.
 A major problem in comparative research is that the data sets in different countries may not use the same categories, or define categories differently (for example by using different definitions of poverty).