Question: What Austrian black metal band influenced the Blackgaze genre?

Context articles: Bosse-de-Nage
Unblack metal
Kreuzweg Ost
Summoning (band)
Minas Morgul (album)
Ivar Bjørnson
Blackgaze
Christcrusher
Alcest
Darkthrone

Bosse-de-Nage is an American black metal band, formed in San Francisco, California.
 The band features four anonymous members.
 Considered as a part of the blackgaze scene, the band performs an experimental black metal style that draws from post-rock, shoegaze, post-hardcore, screamo, and indie rock, with influences from Slint, Mogwai, and Godspeed You!
 Black Emperor.
 Allmusic critic Gregory Heaney wrote that the band "crafts a sound that's as comfortable expanding outward as it is contracting into a suffocating mass of needling guitars and frantic drumming."
 The band's lyrics touch upon various subjects, such as sex, filth, bodies, perversion, and death.
 Their name is taken from French symbolist Alfred Jarry's book The Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician; it is the name of a monkey which may or may not have been a hallucination of the narrator.
Unblack metal (or Christian black metal) is a genre of heavy metal music that is stylistically close to the sound of black metal, but whose artists are either directly against the Satanism prevalent in black metal, or promote Christianity in their lyrics and imagery.
 Unblack metal artists are controversial within the black metal subculture, because black metal's pioneers, especially those of the Second Wave, were anti-Christian.
 It is also suggested that Christianity contradicts black metal's dark nature and the individualistic and misanthropic ideals of many bands.
Kreuzweg Ost is an Austrian darkwave/martial industrial project founded by Michael Gregor and Martin Schirenc.
 The music is a blend of world war-related samples and loops with booming sounds and instrumental pieces.
 There are no vocals; instead, the predominant samples are arranged so that they take the role of vocals, sometimes telling short stories similar to radio play snippets.
 Martin Schirenc, of Austrian death metal band Pungent Stench, left the group shortly after the release of the "Iron Avantgarde" album and was replaced by programmer Ronald Albrecht and producer/sound engineer Oliver Stummer.
 Michael Gregor is a member of the Austrian black metal band Summoning and is also known as "Silenius".
 Oliver Stummer has also released as Tomoroh Hidari and his Namelessness Is Legion.
Summoning is an Austrian black metal band based in Vienna.
 Since their formation in 1993 they have released seven albums and two EPs on Napalm Records.
 Their lyrics make extensive use of J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth writings and mythology.
 Since 1995, their lineup has had a consistent lineup of musicians Silenius and Protector.
 The band has never performed live and has consistently maintained that they have no interest in ever doing so.
 Their latest album Old Mornings Dawn was released on June 7, 2013.
Minas Morgul is the second full-length album by the Austrian black metal band Summoning.
 The band and many of their fans consider this album to be their debut album as it developed the "Summoning-sound" and brought the band to a larger audience.
Ivar Bjørnson (born November 27, 1977 in Etne) is a Norwegian composer/guitarist for the progressive black/viking metal band Enslaved.
 He is, along with Grutle Kjellson, one of only two founding members left in the current line-up, being only 13 years old at the time of the band's formation in 1991.
 Bjørnson and Grutle Kjellson performed in a death metal band called Phobia in 1989.
 The two decided that they wanted to form a new band in a more black metal style, and after discovering their shared fascination with Norse mythology, this set the groundwork for Enslaved.
 Beyond his duties on guitar, he writes almost all of the music for Enslaved as well as much of the lyrics.
 He has said that "When we started Enslaved we wanted to have the same level of commitment to something spiritual as our contemporaries in black metal [have with] the Satanic side.
 The dark destructive part of black metal didn't seem right because we didn't have any commitment to any Satanic ideology."
 He contributed keyboard/synth work to Borknagar's first three albums and synth/piano work on the Gorgoroth albums "Incipit Satan" and "Destroyer" under the name "Daimonion"; and also produced the first demo from black metal band Orcustus.
Blackgaze is a fusion genre combining elements of black metal and shoegazing.
 The word is a blend of the names of the two genres, described by "The Guardian" as "the buzz term for a new school of bands taking black metal out of the shadows and melding its blast beats, dungeon wailing and razorwire guitars with the more reflective melodies of post-rock, shoegaze and post-hardcore."
 According to "Exclaim!
", blackgaze "marries the harsh, alien instrumentation of black metal with the mellower, dreamy soundscapes of shoegaze."
 Influenced by atmospheric black metal bands like Ulver and Summoning, the genre was pioneered by French musician Neige around 2005 through the projects Alcest and Amesoeurs and has risen to prominence with the success of American group Deafheaven.
 "The Guardian" named Deafheaven "blackgaze's de facto poster boys, the most likely to open up black metal to an even wider audience", and "Exclaim!"
 described their second album "Sunbather" – the most critically acclaimed album of 2013 on Metacritic – as seminal to blackgaze.
Christcrusher is the third and final full length album by black metal band Thy Serpent.
 It is named after the sixth track on the album.
 It was recorded at Tico Tico Studios and features a more traditional black metal sound.The Band considers themselves to be an "Anti-Christian band" rather than a black metal band,They believe that black metal is supposed to be satanic.Since none of the band members are satanists,they don't consider themselves to be black metal.
Alcest is a French band from Bagnols-sur-Cèze, founded and led by Neige (Stéphane Paut).
 It began in 2000 as a black metal solo project by Neige, soon a trio, but following the release of their first demo in 2001, band members Aegnor and Argoth left the band, leaving Neige as the sole member.
 In 2009 drummer Winterhalter from Les Discrets (and formerly Peste Noire) joined Alcest's studio line-up, after eight years with Neige as the sole full-time member.
 Since its creation, Alcest has released five studio albums and a number of EPs and split releases.
 Their fourth album, 2014's "Shelter", marked a dramatic shift towards a distinctly shoegaze sound, however their latest album "Kodama" marks a return to their earlier blackgaze sound.
 The band are widely credited with pioneering the blackgaze/post-black metal genre, particularly through their EP "Le Secret" released in 2005.
Darkthrone is a Norwegian heavy metal band.
 It formed in 1986 as a death metal band under the name Black Death.
 In 1991, the band embraced a black metal style influenced by Bathory and Celtic Frost and became one of the leading bands in the Norwegian black metal scene.
 Their first three black metal albums—"A Blaze in the Northern Sky", "Under a Funeral Moon" and "Transilvanian Hunger" (sometimes dubbed the "Unholy Trinity") — are considered the peak of the band's career and to be among the most influential albums in the genre.
 For most of this time, Darkthrone has been a duo of Nocturno Culto and Fenriz, who have sought to remain outside the music mainstream.
 Since 2006, their work has strayed from the traditional black metal style and incorporated more elements of traditional heavy metal, speed metal and punk rock, being likened to Motörhead.