Question: Which director is American, Tom Forman or Arturo Ripstein?

Context articles: José Luis García Agraz
El evangelio de las maravillas
Time to Die (1985 film)
LGBT cinema in Latin America
Golden Shell
Arturo Ripstein
Tom Forman (actor)
The Place Without Limits
Gabriel Ripstein
Lonely Hearts (2006 film)

José Luis García Agraz (born 16 November 1952) is a Mexican film director.
 He was born in Mexico City in 1952.
 He studied at the Centro de Estudios Cinematográficos (or CUEC) at UNAM.
 His script "Los supersabios" was turned into an animated feature in 1975.
 He was assistant director to José Estrada in "Maten al león" (1975) and "Los indolentes"; to Julián Pastor in "El esperado amor desesperado" (1975) and "La casta divina" (1976); to Gonzalo Martínez in "Del otro lado del puente" (1977), and to Arturo Ripstein in "La viuda negra" (1977) and "Cadena perpetua" (1978).
El evangelio de las maravillas ("The Gospel of the Marvels") is a 1998 Mexican drama film directed by Arturo Ripstein.
 It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.
A Time to Die (Spanish: "Tiempo de morir" ), also called Time to Die, is a 1985 Colombian drama film directed by Jorge Alí Triana starring Gustavo Angarita, María Eugenia Dávila and Sebastián Ospina.
 The script, written by Gabriel García Márquez, had been shot twice before, first in 1965 by Mexican director, Arturo Ripstein and in 1982 also by Jorge Alí Triana as a TV series produced by RTI Producciones.
Queer individuals' contradiction of the heterosexual norm significantly impacts the machismo ideals within the Latin American culture, where men are expected to be strong and dominant.
 This strongly male-dominated culture is cinematographically afraid of a male that contradicts the traditional ideal, leading to a lack of exposure for the transgender male within Latin American queer cinema.
 While many have attempted to bring the Latino transgender man into queer cinema, such as in Arturo Ripstein’s "El Lugar sin limites" (1978), the man is seldom portrayed in a positive light.
The Golden Shell (Spanish: "Concha de Oro" ; Basque: "Urrezko Maskorra" ) is the highest prize given to a competing film at the San Sebastián Film Festival.
 It was introduced in 1957.
 In 1953 and 1954, the highest prize had been called the Gran Premio.
 In 1955 and 1956 it was replaced by the Silver Shell.
 Five directors have won the Golden Shell twice: American director Francis Ford Coppola (in 1969 & 1984), Spanish director Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón (in 1982 & 1986), Mexican director Arturo Ripstein (in 1993 & 2000), Iranian director Bahman Ghobadi (in 2004 & 2006) and Spanish director Imanol Uribe (in 1994 & 1996).
Arturo Ripstein y Rosen (born December 13, 1943) is a Mexican film director.
Tom Forman (February 22, 1893 – November 7, 1926) was an American motion picture actor, director, writer, and producer of the early 1920s.
The Place Without Limits (Spanish: El lugar sin límites , also released as Hell Without Limits) is a 1978 Mexican drama film directed by Arturo Ripstein, produced in Mexico and based on the 1966 novel of the same name written by Chilean José Donoso.
 The film was selected as the Mexican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 51st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Gabriel Ripstein (born 1972) is a film producer, director, editor and screenwriter.
 A producer since 1999, Ripstein has been involved in nine feature films (including two directed by his father, Mexican film director Arturo Ripstein).
 Two of his productions competed for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival: "El Coronel No Tiene Quien le Escriba" and "Chronic".
 Ripstein also wrote screenplays for "Amor a Primera Visa", "Compadres", and "Busco novio para mi mujer".
Lonely Hearts is a 2006 American film directed and written by Todd Robinson.
 It is based on the true story of the notorious "Lonely Hearts Killers" of the 1940s, Martha Beck and Raymond Fernandez.
 The story of Beck and Fernandez was also the subject of the 1970 film "The Honeymoon Killers", directed by Leonard Kastle and the 1996 film "Deep Crimson", directed by Arturo Ripstein.